OLD: The surface ectoderm (or external ectoderm forms the following structures: Skin Epithelium of the mouth and nasal cavity saliavary glands, and glands of mouth and nasal cavity Enamel - as a side note dentin and dental pulp are formed from ectomesenchyme which is derived from ectoderm Epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands Lens and cornea of the eye Apical ectodermal ridge inducing development of the limb buds of the embryo. Sensory receptors in epidermis [WP,unvetted].
-
NEW: the surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm.
OLD: Ligament that connects the duodenum of the small intestines to the diaphragm. It contains a slender band of skeletal muscle from the diaphragm and a fibromuscular band of smooth muscle from the horizontal and ascending parts of the duodenum. When it contracts, the suspensory muscle of the duodenum widens the angle of the duodenojejunal flexure, allowing movement of the intestinal contents It arises from the right crus as it passes around the esophagus, continues as connective tissue around the stems of the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery and inserts into the third and fourth portions of the duodenum and frequently into the duodenojejunal (DJ) flexure (between the duodenum and the jejunum) as well.
+
NEW: A thin muscle connecting the junction between the duodenum, jejunum, and duodenojejunal flexure to connective tissue surrounding the superior mesenteric artery and coeliac artery
OLD: Region between the blastocyst and the myometrium.
-
NEW: area of uterine endometrium found between the implanted chorionic vesicle and the myometrium.
OLD: broad, upper part of the sternum. Located ventrally with a quadrangular shape, wider superiorly and narrower inferiorly, it articulates with the clavicles and the first two ribs[WP].
+
NEW: The cranial most segment of the sternum. Located ventrally with a quadrangular shape, wider superiorly and narrower inferiorly, it articulates with the clavicles and the first two ribs[MP,WP].
OLD: Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Originallu this tissue is one cell layer thick but in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm.
-
NEW: Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Originally this tissue is one cell layer thick but in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm.
OLD: The tissues concerned in production of the blood, including the bone marrow, liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus[BTO]. Anatomical system that consists of the blood and blood forming tissues. The bodily system of organs and tissues, primarily the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes, involved in the production of blood[FD].
+
NEW: Anatomical system that is involved in the production of hematopoietic cells. In humans this is primarily the bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes.
OLD: The third pouch possesses Dorsal and Ventral wings. Derivatives of the dorsal wings include the inferior parathyroid glands, while the ventral wings fuse to form the cytoreticular cells of the thymus. The main nerve supply to the derivatives of this pouch is Cranial Nerve IX, glossopharyngeal nerve[WP]. The third pouch lies between the third and fourth arches[PMID].
-
NEW: A pharyngeal pouch that between pharyngeal arches 3 and 4.
OLD: a single row of glia at the dorsal midline of the developing neural tube. This region provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types and of the specification of neural crest cells. The cells comprising the roof plate are the precursors to radial glial cells.
+
NEW: a single row of glia at the dorsal midline of the developing neural tube along the entire anterior-posterior axis. This region provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types and of the specification of neural crest cells. The cells comprising the roof plate are the precursors to radial glial cells.
OLD: Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO].
-
NEW: Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO].
OLD: A ventral region of glial cells in the neural tube that provides inductive signals for the specification of neuronal cell types. The floor plate is evident at the ventral midline by the neural fold stage[GO]. A structure integral to the developing nervous system of vertebrate organisms. Located on the ventral midline of the embryonic neural tube, the floor plate is a specialized glial structure that spans the anteroposterior axis from the midbrain to the tail regions. It has been shown that the floor plate is conserved among vertebrates with homologous structures in invertebrates such as the fruit fly Drosophila and the nematode C. elegans. Functionally, the structure serves as an organizer to ventralize tissues in the embryo as well as to guide neuronal positioning and differentiation along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube[WP].
+
NEW: The specialized glial structure (non-neuronal cells) situated at the ventral midline of the embryonic neural tube; this structure spans the anteroposterior axis from the midbrain to the tail regions, separating the left and right basal plates of the developing neural tube, and serves as an organizer to ventralize tissues in the embryo as well as to guide neuronal positioning and differentiation along the dorsoventral axis of the neural tube.
OLD: Pectoral fin proximal radial that is the fourth most anterior or dorsal pectoral fin radial.
-
NEW: pectoral fin proximal radial 4 element that is composed of bone tissue.
OLD: Rod-like internal median skeletal support bones of the anal fin, which articulate with the distal radials.
-
NEW: anal fin proximal radial element that is composed of bone tissue.
OLD: Rod-like internal median skeletal support bones of the dorsal fin, which articulate with the distal radials.
-
NEW: dorsal fin proximal radial element that is composed of bone tissue.
OLD: Last portion of the digestive system in most vertebrates; it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body[WP] In mammals, the colon consists of four sections: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon[WP]. In zebrafish, the posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-050120-6'>Wallace et al, 2005.</a>
-
NEW: Last portion of the digestive system in most vertebrates; it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body[WP] In mammals, the colon consists of four sections: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon[WP]. In zebrafish, the posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates[ZFIN].
OLD: The median portion of the wall of the fore-brain vesicle consists of a thin, the lamina terminalis, which stretches from the interventricular foramen to the recess at the base of the optic stalk and contains the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis, which regulates the osmolarity of the blood. This is the rostral end (tip) of the neural tube in the early weeks of development.
+
NEW: The anterior-most (rostral) portion of the wall of the neural tube, formed by closure of the anterior neuropore; the median strip of the anterior wall of the prosencephalon, which persists in a relatively unchanged state as the cerebral hemispheres grow out forward beyond the original anterior end of the prosencephalon.
OLD: One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.)
-
NEW: One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration.
OLD: the merged ventral aortae of the embryo which supplies blood to the aortic arches[TMD].
+
NEW: The dilated structure that is lined by endothelial cells and located at the arterial pole of the heart just above (distal to) the truncus arteriosus in mammalian embryos; it is the primordial vascular channel from which the aortic arches (and eventually the dorsal aortae) arise; the aortic sac is homologous to the ventral aorta of gill-bearing vertebrates
OLD: One of three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear[WP]. Fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in the ear, that detect angular accelerations. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.)
-
NEW: One of three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear[WP]. Fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in the ear, that detect angular accelerations[ZFIN].
OLD: The region where the crescentic masses of the ectoderm and endoderm come into direct contact with each other constitutes a thin membrane, the buccopharyngeal membrane (or oropharyngeal membrane), which forms a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx. In front of the buccopharyngeal area, where the lateral crescents of mesoderm fuse in the middle line, the pericardium is afterward developed, and this region is therefore designated the pericardial area.
+
NEW: The thin bilaminar membrane derived from the prechordal plate that is devoid of mesoderm and formed by the apposition of the stomodeal ectoderm with the foregut endoderm; after the embryonic head fold has evolved it lies at the caudal limit of the stomodeum, forming a septum between the primitive mouth and pharynx; the membrane eventually disappears, and thus a communication is established between the mouth and the future pharynx.
OLD: A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a tarsometatarsus.
-
NEW: A pre-cartilage condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a tarsometatarsus.
OLD: the fiber tracts that connect the dorsal region of the two cerebral hemispheres and span the longitudinal fissure, including the corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure[MP].
-
NEW: A fiber tracts that connect the dorsal region of the two cerebral hemispheres and span the longitudinal fissure, including the corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure[MP].
OLD: The Transversus linguC& (tansverse lingualis) is a muscle of the tongue. It consists of fibers which arise from the median fibrous septum and pass lateralward to be inserted into the submucous fibrous tissue at the sides of the tongue.
-
NEW: A muscle of the tongue that consists of fibers which arise from the median fibrous septum and pass lateralward to be inserted into the submucous fibrous tissue at the sides of the tongue.
OLD: The surface ectoderm (or external ectoderm forms the following structures: Skin Epithelium of the mouth and nasal cavity saliavary glands, and glands of mouth and nasal cavity Enamel - as a side note dentin and dental pulp are formed from ectomesenchyme which is derived from ectoderm Epithelium of pineal and pituitary glands Lens and cornea of the eye Apical ectodermal ridge inducing development of the limb buds of the embryo. Sensory receptors in epidermis [WP,unvetted].
+
NEW: the surface (external) layer of ectoderm which begins to proliferate shortly after separation from the neuroectoderm.
OLD: A segment of the developing neural tube[MP]. A metameric segment of the central nervous system[ZFA]. morphologically or molecularly defined transient segments of the early developing brain. Rhombomeres are such segments that make up the rhombencephalon or hindbrain. [WP].
-
NEW: A transverse unitary subdivision of the neural tube that shares a common dorsoventral structure (floor, basal, alar, and roof plates), but each having differential molecular identities and fates; they comprise the secondary prosencephalon, diencephalon (prosomeres), the midbrain (mesomeres), and the hindbrain (rhombomeres).
OLD: Last portion of the digestive system in most vertebrates; it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body[WP] In mammals, the colon consists of four sections: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon[WP]. In zebrafish, the posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-050120-6'>Wallace et al, 2005.</a>
+
NEW: Last portion of the digestive system in most vertebrates; it extracts water and salt from solid wastes before they are eliminated from the body[WP] In mammals, the colon consists of four sections: the ascending colon, the transverse colon, the descending colon, and the sigmoid colon[WP]. In zebrafish, the posterior intestine has short longitudinally arranged epithelial folds which are similar to the colon of higher vertebrates[ZFIN].
OLD: A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a tibia.
-
NEW: A pre-cartilage condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a tibia.
OLD: A duct that is part of a male reproductive system.
-
NEW: Any of the ducts that are part of a male reproductive system.
OLD: A duct that is part of a male reproductive system.
+
NEW: Any of the ducts that are part of a male reproductive system.
OLD: The layer of the retina composed of the cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and some of the cell bodies of amacrine cells.
+
NEW: Cytoarchitectural layer of retina containing closely packed cell bodies, the majority of which are bipolar cells (adapted from Wikipedia).
OLD: The layer of the retina composed of the cell bodies of bipolar cells, horizontal cells, and some of the cell bodies of amacrine cells.
-
NEW: Cytoarchitectural layer of retina containing closely packed cell bodies, the majority of which are bipolar cells (adapted from Wikipedia).
OLD: .[MP].
-
NEW: the anterior portion of the posteroinferior lobule of the cerebellum, the posterior portion being the semilunar lobule inferior; the two are continuous with the tuber of the vermis.
(was pectoral fin proximal radial 4)
+]]>OLD: The Transversus linguC& (tansverse lingualis) is a muscle of the tongue. It consists of fibers which arise from the median fibrous septum and pass lateralward to be inserted into the submucous fibrous tissue at the sides of the tongue.
+
NEW: A muscle of the tongue that consists of fibers which arise from the median fibrous septum and pass lateralward to be inserted into the submucous fibrous tissue at the sides of the tongue.
OLD: A segment of the developing neural tube[MP]. A metameric segment of the central nervous system[ZFA]. morphologically or molecularly defined transient segments of the early developing brain. Rhombomeres are such segments that make up the rhombencephalon or hindbrain. [WP].
+
NEW: A transverse unitary subdivision of the neural tube that shares a common dorsoventral structure (floor, basal, alar, and roof plates), but each having differential molecular identities and fates; they comprise the secondary prosencephalon, diencephalon (prosomeres), the midbrain (mesomeres), and the hindbrain (rhombomeres).
OLD: In human anatomy, the lateral thoracic artery (or external mammary artery) is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast. It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the Pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest, supplies the Serratus anterior muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle, and sends branches across the axilla to the axillary lymph nodes and Subscapularis muscle. It anastomoses with the internal thoracic artery, subscapular, and intercostal arteries, and with the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery. In the female it supplies an external mammary branch which turns round the free edge of the Pectoralis major and supplies the breasts. [WP,unvetted].
-
NEW: In human anatomy, the lateral thoracic artery (or external mammary artery) is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast. It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the Pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest, supplies the serratus ventralis muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle, and sends branches across the axilla to the axillary lymph nodes and Subscapularis muscle. It anastomoses with the internal thoracic artery, subscapular, and intercostal arteries, and with the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery. In the female it supplies an external mammary branch which turns round the free edge of the Pectoralis major and supplies the breasts. [WP,unvetted].
OLD: Nucleus of brain which is an elongated crescent-shaped mass lying parallel and adjacent to the lateral ventricle throughout its extent.
-
NEW: Subcortical nucleus of telecephalic origin consisting of an elongated gray mass lying lateral to and bordering the lateral ventricle. It is divided into a head, body and tail in some species.
OLD: Class of unpaired telencephalic white matter structures consisting of fiber pathways which project across the midsagittal plane and which serve to interconnect telencephalic structures lying within the contralateral cerebral hemisphere[FMA].
+
NEW: A commissure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres. Examples: anterior commissure, corpus callosum.
OLD: Class of unpaired telencephalic white matter structures consisting of fiber pathways which project across the midsagittal plane and which serve to interconnect telencephalic structures lying within the contralateral cerebral hemisphere[FMA].
-
NEW: A commissure that connects the two cerebral hemispheres. Examples: anterior commissure, corpus callosum.
OLD: In human anatomy, the lateral thoracic artery (or external mammary artery) is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast. It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the Pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest, supplies the Serratus anterior muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle, and sends branches across the axilla to the axillary lymph nodes and Subscapularis muscle. It anastomoses with the internal thoracic artery, subscapular, and intercostal arteries, and with the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery. In the female it supplies an external mammary branch which turns round the free edge of the Pectoralis major and supplies the breasts. [WP,unvetted].
+
NEW: In human anatomy, the lateral thoracic artery (or external mammary artery) is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast. It originates from the axillary artery and follows the lower border of the Pectoralis minor muscle to the side of the chest, supplies the serratus ventralis muscle and the Pectoralis major muscle, and sends branches across the axilla to the axillary lymph nodes and Subscapularis muscle. It anastomoses with the internal thoracic artery, subscapular, and intercostal arteries, and with the pectoral branch of the thoracoacromial artery. In the female it supplies an external mammary branch which turns round the free edge of the Pectoralis major and supplies the breasts. [WP,unvetted].
OLD: Nucleus of brain which is an elongated crescent-shaped mass lying parallel and adjacent to the lateral ventricle throughout its extent.
+
NEW: Subcortical nucleus of telecephalic origin consisting of an elongated gray mass lying lateral to and bordering the lateral ventricle. It is divided into a head, body and tail in some species.
OLD: One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.)
+
NEW: One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration.
OLD: One of three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear[WP]. Fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in the ear, that detect angular accelerations. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.)
+
NEW: One of three half-circular, interconnected tubes located inside each ear[WP]. Fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in the ear, that detect angular accelerations[ZFIN].
OLD: A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a tarsometatarsus.
+
NEW: A pre-cartilage condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a tarsometatarsus.
OLD: A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a fibula.
-
NEW: A cartilaginous condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a fibula.
(was dorsal fin proximal radial)
+]]> +OLD: the fiber tracts that connect the dorsal region of the two cerebral hemispheres and span the longitudinal fissure, including the corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure[MP].
+
NEW: A fiber tracts that connect the dorsal region of the two cerebral hemispheres and span the longitudinal fissure, including the corpus callosum and hippocampal commissure[MP].
OLD: A gray matter of neuraxis that develops_into a inferior salivatory nucleus.
+
NEW: A gray matter of neuraxis that has_potential_to_develop_into a inferior salivatory nucleus.
OLD: A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a fibula.
+
NEW: A cartilaginous condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a fibula.
OLD: The third pouch possesses Dorsal and Ventral wings. Derivatives of the dorsal wings include the inferior parathyroid glands, while the ventral wings fuse to form the cytoreticular cells of the thymus. The main nerve supply to the derivatives of this pouch is Cranial Nerve IX, glossopharyngeal nerve[WP]. The third pouch lies between the third and fourth arches[PMID].
+
NEW: A pharyngeal pouch that between pharyngeal arches 3 and 4.
OLD: Lip that covers the upper portion of the mouth.[TAO].
+
NEW: Lip that covers the lower portion of the mouth.[TAO].
OLD: A gray matter of neuraxis that develops_into a inferior salivatory nucleus.
-
NEW: A gray matter of neuraxis that has_potential_to_develop_into a inferior salivatory nucleus.
OLD: Mesenchyme that gives rise to an odontogenic papilla.
-
NEW: Mesenchyme enclosed by a dental organ that gives rise to an odontogenic papilla.
OLD: lepidotrichium located upon or above the notochord.
-
NEW: Caudal fin lepidotrichium located upon or above the notochord.
OLD: One of the stinging organelles of coelenterates used in catching prey.
-
NEW: A cnida that is harpoon-like in structure and is capable of penetrating prey.
OLD: A meninx that develops_into a dura mater.
-
NEW: A meninx that has_potential_to_develop_into a dura mater.
OLD: the outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The other two meningeal layers are the pia mater and the arachnoid mater. The dura surrounds the brain and the spinal cord and is responsible for keeping in the cerebrospinal fluid.
-
NEW: Thick, fibrous meningeal covering surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is the outermost of the three meningeal coverings. It consists of two layers: the periosteal dura linking the inner surface of the skull and the meningeal dura that lies above the arachnoid dural membrane. The meningeal layer draws away from the periosteal layer and certain locations to form the dural reflections.
OLD: Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo.
-
NEW: A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis.
OLD: Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of loosely packed cells, generally located ventral and lateral to the pars compacta. Many cells in this region use GABA as a neurotransmitter (MM)[NLex].
-
NEW: Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of loosely packed cells, generally located ventral and lateral to the pars compacta. Many cells in this region use GABA as a neurotransmitter (MM).
(was pedal digit 3 metatarsal cartilage condensation)
+]]>OLD: A pouch that is situated between the 4th and 5th pharyngeal arch[Bard]. Derivatives include: superior parathyroid glands and ultimobranchial body which forms the parafollicular C-Cells of the thyroid gland. Musculature and cartilage of larynx (along with the sixth pharyngeal pouch)[WP]
+
NEW: A pharyngeal pouch between pharyngeal arches 4 and 5
OLD: A meninx that develops_into a dura mater.
+
NEW: A meninx that has_potential_to_develop_into a dura mater.
OLD: the outermost of the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The other two meningeal layers are the pia mater and the arachnoid mater. The dura surrounds the brain and the spinal cord and is responsible for keeping in the cerebrospinal fluid.
+
NEW: Thick, fibrous meningeal covering surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is the outermost of the three meningeal coverings. It consists of two layers: the periosteal dura linking the inner surface of the skull and the meningeal dura that lies above the arachnoid dural membrane. The meningeal layer draws away from the periosteal layer and certain locations to form the dural reflections.
OLD: Anatomical structure that is contiguous with the embryo and is comprised of portions of tissue or cells that will not contribute to the embryo.
+
NEW: A multicellular anatomical structure that is associated with an embryo and derived from the zygote from which it develops, but which does not contribute to the embryo proper or to structures that are part of the same organism after embryogenesis.
OLD: Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of loosely packed cells, generally located ventral and lateral to the pars compacta. Many cells in this region use GABA as a neurotransmitter (MM)[NLex].
+
NEW: Regional part of substantia nigra consisting of loosely packed cells, generally located ventral and lateral to the pars compacta. Many cells in this region use GABA as a neurotransmitter (MM).
OLD: A pouch that is situated between the 4th and 5th pharyngeal arch[Bard]. Derivatives include: superior parathyroid glands and ultimobranchial body which forms the parafollicular C-Cells of the thyroid gland. Musculature and cartilage of larynx (along with the sixth pharyngeal pouch)[WP]
-
NEW: A pharyngeal pouch between pharyngeal arches 4 and 5
OLD: A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a limb bone.
-
NEW: A pre-cartilage condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a limb bone.
OLD: A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a limb bone.
+
NEW: A pre-cartilage condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a limb bone.
OLD: The superior orbital fissure is a foramen in the skull, although strictly it is more of a cleft, lying between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone.
-
NEW: The orbital fissure that is situated superiorly between the greater wing and the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
OLD: A musculature that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition].
-
NEW: Any collection of muscles that is part of a manus [Automatically generated definition].
OLD: Dorsal part of the midbrain, consisting of the superior and inferior colliculi and the pretectal nuclei [MM, NIF]. The tectum is a region of the brain, specifically the dorsal part of the mesencephalon (midbrain). This is contrasted with the tegmentum, which refers to the region ventral to the ventricular system. It is derived in embryonic development from the alar plate of the neural tube. [WP,unvetted].
+
NEW: Dorsal part of the midbrain, consisting of the superior and inferior colliculi and the pretectal nuclei (MM).
OLD: Dorsal part of the midbrain, consisting of the superior and inferior colliculi and the pretectal nuclei [MM, NIF]. The tectum is a region of the brain, specifically the dorsal part of the mesencephalon (midbrain). This is contrasted with the tegmentum, which refers to the region ventral to the ventricular system. It is derived in embryonic development from the alar plate of the neural tube. [WP,unvetted].
-
NEW: Dorsal part of the midbrain, consisting of the superior and inferior colliculi and the pretectal nuclei (MM).
OLD: The 'orbicularis oculi' is a muscle in the face that closes the eyelids. It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone, from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove, and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial palpebral ligament. From this origin, the fibers are directed lateralward, forming a broad and thin layer, which occupies the eyelids or palpebræ, surrounds the circumference of the orbit, and spreads over the temple, and downward on the cheek. The palpebral portion of the muscle is thin and pale; it arises from the bifurcation of the medial palpebral ligament, forms a series of concentric curves, and is inserted into the lateral palpebral raphé. The orbital portion is thicker and of a reddish color; its fibers form a complete ellipse without interruption at the lateral palpebral commissure; the upper fibers of this portion blend with the Frontalis and Corrugator. The lacrimal part (Tensor tarsi) is a small, thin muscle, about 6 mm. in breadth and 12 mm. in length, situated behind the medial palpebral ligament and lacrimal sac. It arises from the posterior crest and adjacent part of the orbital surface of the lacrimal bone, and passing behind the lacrimal sac, divides into two slips, upper and lower, which are inserted into the superior and inferior tarsi medial to the puncta lacrimalia; occasionally it is very indistinct. [WP,unvetted].
+
NEW: A circumorbital muscle in the face that closes the eyelid[HP]. It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone, from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove, and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial palpebral ligament. From this origin, the fibers are directed lateralward, forming a broad and thin layer, which occupies the eyelids or palpebræ, surrounds the circumference of the orbit, and spreads over the temple, and downward on the cheek. The palpebral portion of the muscle is thin and pale; it arises from the bifurcation of the medial palpebral ligament, forms a series of concentric curves, and is inserted into the lateral palpebral raphé. The orbital portion is thicker and of a reddish color; its fibers form a complete ellipse without interruption at the lateral palpebral commissure; the upper fibers of this portion blend with the Frontalis and Corrugator. The lacrimal part (Tensor tarsi) is a small, thin muscle, about 6 mm. in breadth and 12 mm. in length, situated behind the medial palpebral ligament and lacrimal sac. It arises from the posterior crest and adjacent part of the orbital surface of the lacrimal bone, and passing behind the lacrimal sac, divides into two slips, upper and lower, which are inserted into the superior and inferior tarsi medial to the puncta lacrimalia; occasionally it is very indistinct. [WP,unvetted].
OLD: The superior orbital fissure is a foramen in the skull, although strictly it is more of a cleft, lying between the lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone.
+
NEW: The orbital fissure that is situated superiorly between the greater wing and the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone
OLD: The 'orbicularis oculi' is a muscle in the face that closes the eyelids. It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone, from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove, and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial palpebral ligament. From this origin, the fibers are directed lateralward, forming a broad and thin layer, which occupies the eyelids or palpebræ, surrounds the circumference of the orbit, and spreads over the temple, and downward on the cheek. The palpebral portion of the muscle is thin and pale; it arises from the bifurcation of the medial palpebral ligament, forms a series of concentric curves, and is inserted into the lateral palpebral raphé. The orbital portion is thicker and of a reddish color; its fibers form a complete ellipse without interruption at the lateral palpebral commissure; the upper fibers of this portion blend with the Frontalis and Corrugator. The lacrimal part (Tensor tarsi) is a small, thin muscle, about 6 mm. in breadth and 12 mm. in length, situated behind the medial palpebral ligament and lacrimal sac. It arises from the posterior crest and adjacent part of the orbital surface of the lacrimal bone, and passing behind the lacrimal sac, divides into two slips, upper and lower, which are inserted into the superior and inferior tarsi medial to the puncta lacrimalia; occasionally it is very indistinct. [WP,unvetted].
-
NEW: A circumorbital muscle in the face that closes the eyelid[HP]. It arises from the nasal part of the frontal bone, from the frontal process of the maxilla in front of the lacrimal groove, and from the anterior surface and borders of a short fibrous band, the medial palpebral ligament. From this origin, the fibers are directed lateralward, forming a broad and thin layer, which occupies the eyelids or palpebræ, surrounds the circumference of the orbit, and spreads over the temple, and downward on the cheek. The palpebral portion of the muscle is thin and pale; it arises from the bifurcation of the medial palpebral ligament, forms a series of concentric curves, and is inserted into the lateral palpebral raphé. The orbital portion is thicker and of a reddish color; its fibers form a complete ellipse without interruption at the lateral palpebral commissure; the upper fibers of this portion blend with the Frontalis and Corrugator. The lacrimal part (Tensor tarsi) is a small, thin muscle, about 6 mm. in breadth and 12 mm. in length, situated behind the medial palpebral ligament and lacrimal sac. It arises from the posterior crest and adjacent part of the orbital surface of the lacrimal bone, and passing behind the lacrimal sac, divides into two slips, upper and lower, which are inserted into the superior and inferior tarsi medial to the puncta lacrimalia; occasionally it is very indistinct. [WP,unvetted].
OLD: A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a patella.
-
NEW: A pre-cartilage condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a patella.
OLD: A neural crest that developmentally_contributes_to a hindbrain.
-
NEW: A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain.
OLD: A mucosa that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition].
+
NEW: Mucosa that is part of a colon. The mucosa of the colon is lined by a simple columnar epithelium with a thin brush border and numerous goblet cells.
OLD: A neural crest that developmentally_contributes_to a hindbrain.
+
NEW: A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a hindbrain.
OLD: Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The main endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus is a neuroendocrine organ. Other organs which are not so well known for their endocrine activity include the stomach, which produces such hormones as ghrelin[WP].
@@ -1199,16 +1402,16 @@
OLD: A mucosa that is part of a colon [Automatically generated definition].
-
NEW: Mucosa that is part of a colon. The mucosa of the colon is lined by a simple columnar epithelium with a thin brush border and numerous goblet cells.
OLD: A musculature that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].
-
NEW: Any collection of muscles that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].
OLD: A transverse process of vertebra that is part of a cervical vertebra 1.
-
NEW: A transverse process of vertebra that is part of a vertebral bone 1.
OLD: extra-cardiac population of mesodermal progenitors that gives rise to the right ventricle and outflow tract.
+
NEW: A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract).
OLD: extra-cardiac population of mesodermal progenitors that gives rise to the right ventricle and outflow tract.
-
NEW: A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the majority of the mesodermal component of the right ventricle, arterial pole (outflow tract) and venous pole (inflow tract).
OLD: The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells[GO].
-
NEW: Cytoarchitectural layer of the retina that is made up of a dense reticulum of fibrils formed by interlaced dendrites of retinal ganglion cells and cells of the inner nuclear layer (adapted from Wikipedia)
OLD: A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a forelimb bone.
-
NEW: A cartilaginous condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a forelimb bone.
OLD: The inner plexiform layer (IPL) is positioned between the INL and the ganglion cell layer and contains the dendrites of RGCs and processes of bipolar and amacrine cells[GO].
+
NEW: Cytoarchitectural layer of the retina that is made up of a dense reticulum of fibrils formed by interlaced dendrites of retinal ganglion cells and cells of the inner nuclear layer (adapted from Wikipedia)
OLD: A presumptive structure that develops_into a forebrain-midbrain boundary.
-
NEW: A presumptive structure that has_potential_to_develop_into a forebrain-midbrain boundary.
OLD: A musculature that is part of a lower leg or upper leg [Automatically generated definition].
-
NEW: Any collection of muscles that is part of a lower leg or upper leg [Automatically generated definition].
OLD: The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals.[1] Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP].
-
NEW: The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP].
OLD: The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals.[1] Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP].
+
NEW: The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate, and most invertebrate, animals. Some primitive animals such as jellyfish and starfish have a decentralized nervous system without a brain, while sponges lack any nervous system at all. In vertebrates, the brain is located in the head, protected by the skull and close to the primary sensory apparatus of vision, hearing, balance, taste, and smell[WP].
OLD: A transverse foramen that is part of a cervical vertebra 1.
-
NEW: A transverse foramen that is part of a vertebral bone 1.
OLD: The septum pellucidum is made up of two thin sheets of mostly glial-like elements that abut each other in the midline and have a potential space between them. Those sheets also separate the left and right lateral ventricles from each other. At the base of the sheets rostrally, however, are the septal nuclei, which are important components of the limbic system.a thin, triangular, vertical membrane separating the lateral ventricles of the brain. It separates the anterior horn of the left and right lateral ventricles. It runs as a sheet from the corpus callosum down to the fornix. When the hemispheres are cut apart, the septum remains on one hemisphere, usually the left. The septum pellucidum is implicated in pleasure, mood, rage, sexual gratification and more. Lesions of the septum lead to sham rage. Stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (primary efferent of the septum) restores normal behavior.
-
NEW: A triangular double membrane, consisting of glial cells and fibers (Heimer, 1996) separating the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles of the brain. It is situated in the median plane and bounded by the corpus callosum and the body and columns of the fornix.
OLD: The second pouch between the second and third arches. Contributes to the middle ear, epithelial lining of Crypts (spaces) of the palatine tonsils, supplied by the facial nerve[WP]
-
NEW: A pharyngeal puch that is between the pharyngeal arches 2 and 3.
OLD: one of a group of nuclei in the brains of vertebrates, situated at the base of the forebrain and strongly connected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and other areas.ganglion in the head. The main components of the basal ganglia are the striatum, pallidum, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus[WP]. Subcortical masses of gray matter in the forebrain and midbrain that are richly interconnected and so viewed as a functional system. The nuclei usually included are the caudate nucleus (caudoputamen in rodents), putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) and the subthalamic nucleus. Some also include the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum[NIF].
-
NEW: An individual member of a collection of basal ganglia. Basal ganglia are subcortical masses of gray matter in the forebrain and midbrain that are richly interconnected and so viewed as a functional system. The nuclei usually included are the caudate nucleus (caudoputamen in rodents), putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) and the subthalamic nucleus. Some also include the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum[NIF,modified].
OLD: a specific region of the lateral mesoderm in which the heart will develop.
-
NEW: A specific region of the lateral mesoderm that will form the primary beating heart tube. In mammals the primary heart field gives rise to the left ventricle.
(was manual digit 2 metacarpus cartilage condensation)
+]]>OLD: Pectoral fin radial which develops from the pectoral fin endoskeletal disc, supports a few pectoral lepidotrichia or fin rays and connects the lepidotrichia and distal radials with the primary pectoral girdle (scapula and coracoid).
-
NEW: pectoral fin proximal radial element that is composed of bone tissue.
OLD: A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a carpal bone.
-
NEW: A cartilaginous condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a carpal bone.
OLD: A group of cells that may not be contained within macroscopic anatomical boundaries, e.g., A9 dopaminergic cell group; massa intercalata of the amygdala
+
NEW: A group of cells that may not be contained within macroscopic anatomical boundaries, e.g., A9 dopaminergic cell group; massa intercalata of the amygdala (CUMBO)
OLD: trunk muscles that lie ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae.
-
NEW: Musculature that is derived from the hypaxial myotome region, trunk muscles that lie ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae. Hypaxial muscles include some vertebral muscles, the diaphragm, the abdominal muscles, and all limb muscles.
OLD: The septum pellucidum is made up of two thin sheets of mostly glial-like elements that abut each other in the midline and have a potential space between them. Those sheets also separate the left and right lateral ventricles from each other. At the base of the sheets rostrally, however, are the septal nuclei, which are important components of the limbic system.a thin, triangular, vertical membrane separating the lateral ventricles of the brain. It separates the anterior horn of the left and right lateral ventricles. It runs as a sheet from the corpus callosum down to the fornix. When the hemispheres are cut apart, the septum remains on one hemisphere, usually the left. The septum pellucidum is implicated in pleasure, mood, rage, sexual gratification and more. Lesions of the septum lead to sham rage. Stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle (primary efferent of the septum) restores normal behavior.
+
NEW: A triangular double membrane, consisting of glial cells and fibers (Heimer, 1996) separating the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles of the brain. It is situated in the median plane and bounded by the corpus callosum and the body and columns of the fornix.
OLD: A transverse foramen that is part of a cervical vertebra 1.
+
NEW: A transverse foramen that is part of a vertebral bone 1.
OLD: trunk muscles that lie ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae.
+
NEW: Musculature that is derived from the hypaxial myotome region, trunk muscles that lie ventral to the horizontal septum of the vertebrae. Hypaxial muscles include some vertebral muscles, the diaphragm, the abdominal muscles, and all limb muscles.
OLD: Fin spine located anterior to the pectoral fin
-
NEW: Spine located anterior to the pectoral fin
OLD: A group of cells that may not be contained within macroscopic anatomical boundaries, e.g., A9 dopaminergic cell group; massa intercalata of the amygdala
-
NEW: A group of cells that may not be contained within macroscopic anatomical boundaries, e.g., A9 dopaminergic cell group; massa intercalata of the amygdala (CUMBO)
OLD: one of a group of nuclei in the brains of vertebrates, situated at the base of the forebrain and strongly connected with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and other areas.ganglion in the head. The main components of the basal ganglia are the striatum, pallidum, substantia nigra, and subthalamic nucleus[WP]. Subcortical masses of gray matter in the forebrain and midbrain that are richly interconnected and so viewed as a functional system. The nuclei usually included are the caudate nucleus (caudoputamen in rodents), putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) and the subthalamic nucleus. Some also include the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum[NIF].
+
NEW: An individual member of a collection of basal ganglia. Basal ganglia are subcortical masses of gray matter in the forebrain and midbrain that are richly interconnected and so viewed as a functional system. The nuclei usually included are the caudate nucleus (caudoputamen in rodents), putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) and the subthalamic nucleus. Some also include the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum[NIF,modified].
OLD: Pectoral fin radial which develops from the pectoral fin endoskeletal disc, supports a few pectoral lepidotrichia or fin rays and connects the lepidotrichia and distal radials with the primary pectoral girdle (scapula and coracoid).
+
NEW: pectoral fin proximal radial element that is composed of bone tissue.
OLD: A tendon that develops_into a central tendon.
-
NEW: A tendon that has_potential_to_develop_into a central tendon.
OLD: the deep furrows which divide the lobules of the cerebellum, including the postcentral, primary and secondary furrows
-
NEW: One of a set of deep furrows which divide the lobules of the cerebellum. Examples: postcentral, primary and secondary furrows
OLD: A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a radius bone.
-
NEW: A pre-cartilage condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a radius bone.
OLD: The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas. This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making and moderating correct social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals. The most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the pre-frontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social 'control' (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially-unacceptable outcomes). Many authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. [WP,unvetted].
-
NEW: The anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas.nnThis brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making and moderating correct social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals.nnThe most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the pre-frontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social 'control' (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially-unacceptable outcomes).nnMany authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. - definition adapted from Wikipedia
OLD: A musculature that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg / thigh)[Automatically generated definition].
-
NEW: Any collection of muscles that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg / thigh)[Automatically generated definition].
OLD: An organ that is part of a thoracic segment of trunk.
-
NEW: An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions.
OLD: The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas. This brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making and moderating correct social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals. The most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the pre-frontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social 'control' (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially-unacceptable outcomes). Many authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. [WP,unvetted].
+
NEW: The anterior part of the frontal lobes of the brain, lying in front of the motor and premotor areas.nnThis brain region has been implicated in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making and moderating correct social behavior. The basic activity of this brain region is considered to be orchestration of thoughts and actions in accordance with internal goals.nnThe most typical psychological term for functions carried out by the pre-frontal cortex area is executive function. Executive function relates to abilities to differentiate among conflicting thoughts, determine good and bad, better and best, same and different, future consequences of current activities, working toward a defined goal, prediction of outcomes, expectation based on actions, and social 'control' (the ability to suppress urges that, if not suppressed, could lead to socially-unacceptable outcomes).nnMany authors have indicated an integral link between a person's personality and the functions of the prefrontal cortex. - definition adapted from Wikipedia
OLD: An autopod plate that develops_into a manus.
+
NEW: An autopod plate that has_potential_to_develop_into a manus.
OLD: A musculature that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg / thigh)[Automatically generated definition].
+
NEW: Any collection of muscles that is part of a hindlimb stylopod (upper leg / thigh)[Automatically generated definition].
OLD: An organ that is part of a thoracic segment of trunk.
+
NEW: An organ that part of the thoracic segment region. This region can be further subdividied chest and thoracic cavity regions.
OLD: Unique telencephalic subventricular zones that extend from the lateral ventricles into the olfactory bulbs. Newly produced GABAergic interneurons migrate along the RMS and settle in the bulb[NIF]. In rodents, the anterior region of the SVZ produces neuroblasts that migrate in chain toward the olfactory bulb along the so-called rostral migratory stream (RMS)[BTO]. the transient structure formed by neurons migrating from the subventricular zone into the olfactory bulbs[MP] The rostral migratory stream (RMS) or rostral migratory pathway is a pathway, found in the brain of some animals, along which neuronal precursors that originated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain migrate to reach the main olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into interneurons. Neurogenesis has been shown to occur in the SVZ into adulthood[WP]
+
NEW: Unique telencephalic subventricular zones that extend from the lateral ventricles into the olfactory bulbs. Newly produced GABAergic interneurons migrate along the RMS and settle in the bulb.
OLD: An autopod plate that develops_into a manus.
-
NEW: An autopod plate that has_potential_to_develop_into a manus.
OLD: Unique telencephalic subventricular zones that extend from the lateral ventricles into the olfactory bulbs. Newly produced GABAergic interneurons migrate along the RMS and settle in the bulb[NIF]. In rodents, the anterior region of the SVZ produces neuroblasts that migrate in chain toward the olfactory bulb along the so-called rostral migratory stream (RMS)[BTO]. the transient structure formed by neurons migrating from the subventricular zone into the olfactory bulbs[MP] The rostral migratory stream (RMS) or rostral migratory pathway is a pathway, found in the brain of some animals, along which neuronal precursors that originated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain migrate to reach the main olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into interneurons. Neurogenesis has been shown to occur in the SVZ into adulthood[WP]
-
NEW: Unique telencephalic subventricular zones that extend from the lateral ventricles into the olfactory bulbs. Newly produced GABAergic interneurons migrate along the RMS and settle in the bulb.
OLD: A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a radius bone.
-
NEW: A cartilaginous condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a radius bone.
OLD: The blood vessels that drain blood from the inferior eyelid into the angular vein.
-
NEW: A blood vessel that drains from from an lower eyelid.
OLD: The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process[GO]. A transversely oriented set of cells located deep to the EVL on the pericardial membrane, especially prominent during pharyngula period because of the brightly refractile cytoplasmic granules (containing hatching enzymes) of the principal cells of the gland. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a>
+
NEW: The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process[GO]. A transversely oriented set of cells located deep to the EVL on the pericardial membrane, especially prominent during pharyngula period because of the brightly refractile cytoplasmic granules (containing hatching enzymes) of the principal cells of the gland.
OLD: The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. Branchiomeric muscles of mammals correspond to the gill musculature of fish[GO].
+
NEW: A jaw muscle that arises from cranial mesenchyme and is innervated by cranial nerves.
OLD: The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process[GO]. A transversely oriented set of cells located deep to the EVL on the pericardial membrane, especially prominent during pharyngula period because of the brightly refractile cytoplasmic granules (containing hatching enzymes) of the principal cells of the gland. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a>
-
NEW: The cells of the hatching gland contain enzymes responsible for solubilization of the egg chorion, facilitating the hatching process[GO]. A transversely oriented set of cells located deep to the EVL on the pericardial membrane, especially prominent during pharyngula period because of the brightly refractile cytoplasmic granules (containing hatching enzymes) of the principal cells of the gland.
OLD: Part of the midbrain tectum consisting of paired bodies that sit caudal to the thalamus and surround the pineal gland in the mesencephalon of vertebrate brains. It comprises the rostral aspect of the midbrain, posterior to the periaqueductal gray and adjacent superior the inferior colliculus. The inferior and superior colliculi are known collectively as the corpora quadrigemina (Latin, quadruplet bodies). It consists of several identified cellular layers and also comprises the brachium of the superior colliculus and commissure of superior colliculus [Wikipedia.org and Neuronames (MM)].
-
NEW: Part of the midbrain tecturm consisting of paired bodies that sit caudal to the thalamus and surround the pineal gland in the mesencephalon of vertebrate brains. It comprises the rostral aspect of the midbrain, posterior to the periaqueductal gray and adjacent superior the inferior colliculus. The inferior and superior colliculi are known collectively as the corpora quadrigemina (Latin, quadruplet bodies). It consists of several identified cellular layers and also comprises the brachium of the superior colliculus and commissure of supeior colliculus from Wikipedia.org and Neuronames (MM).
OLD: The branchiomeric muscle is derived from cranial mesoderm and controls facial expression, pharyngeal and laryngeal function, operating the jaw. Branchiomeric muscles of mammals correspond to the gill musculature of fish[GO].
-
NEW: A jaw muscle that arises from cranial mesenchyme and is innervated by cranial nerves.
OLD: A developing anatomical structure that develops_into a metencephalon.
-
NEW: A developing anatomical structure that has_potential_to_develop_into a metencephalon.
OLD: Part of the midbrain tectum consisting of paired bodies that sit caudal to the thalamus and surround the pineal gland in the mesencephalon of vertebrate brains. It comprises the rostral aspect of the midbrain, posterior to the periaqueductal gray and adjacent superior the inferior colliculus. The inferior and superior colliculi are known collectively as the corpora quadrigemina (Latin, quadruplet bodies). It consists of several identified cellular layers and also comprises the brachium of the superior colliculus and commissure of superior colliculus [Wikipedia.org and Neuronames (MM)].
+
NEW: Part of the midbrain tecturm consisting of paired bodies that sit caudal to the thalamus and surround the pineal gland in the mesencephalon of vertebrate brains. It comprises the rostral aspect of the midbrain, posterior to the periaqueductal gray and adjacent superior the inferior colliculus. The inferior and superior colliculi are known collectively as the corpora quadrigemina (Latin, quadruplet bodies). It consists of several identified cellular layers and also comprises the brachium of the superior colliculus and commissure of supeior colliculus from Wikipedia.org and Neuronames (MM).
OLD: A developing anatomical structure that develops_into a metencephalon.
+
NEW: A developing anatomical structure that has_potential_to_develop_into a metencephalon.
OLD: A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a supraoccipital bone.
-
NEW: A pre-cartilage condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a supraoccipital bone.
(was pedal digit 2 metatarsal cartilage condensation)
+]]>OLD: A musculature that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition].
-
NEW: Any collection of muscles that is part of an arm [Automatically generated definition].
OLD: Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Originallu this tissue is one cell layer thick but in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm.
+
NEW: Outermost monolayer of cells surrounding the embryo that become very flattened in the blastula and give rise to the periderm. Originally this tissue is one cell layer thick but in most vertebrates it soon becomes a two layered structure. The outer layer gives rise to the periderm.
OLD: The body of the sternum (gladiolus), considerably lengthier, narrower, and thinner than the manubrium, attains its greatest breadth close to the lower end.
+
NEW: The middle and longest portion of the sternum, lying between the manubrium superiorly and the xiphoid process inferiorly; it considerably lengthier, narrower, and thinner than the manubrium, attains its greatest breadth close to the lower end.
OLD: A presumptive structure that develops_into a atrioventricular canal.
-
NEW: A presumptive structure that has_potential_to_develop_into a atrioventricular canal.
OLD: Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pelvic girdle regions.
+
NEW: Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the paired limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pelvic girdle regions.
OLD: A muscle of lower tetrapods that covers musch of the lower thing and retracts it. Homologous to mammalian gracilis
-
NEW: A muscle of lower tetrapods that covers much of the lower leg and retracts it. Homologous to mammalian gracilis
OLD: Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,adopted].
+
NEW: Stalk-like part of the brain that includes amongst its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,MP,generalized].
OLD: Anatomical line that delineates a furrow or depression in an organ or tissue.
-
NEW: A furrow or an incomplete tube.
OLD: A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a>
+
NEW: A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear.
OLD: The lateral globus pallidus (or external, GPe) receives a strong glutamatergic projection from the subthalamic nucleus. The two form a particular system: a coupled pacemaker. The axons of the external globus pallidum go essentially to the subthalamic nucleus. They go also to other elements of the basal ganglia system, the striatum, the substantia nigra pars reticulata, and the internal globus pallidus, where they release the neurotransmitter GABA. GPe is particular in comparison to the other elements of the set by the fact that it does not work as an output base of the basal ganglia (not sending axons to the thalamus) but as the main regulator of the basal ganglia system. It is sometimes used as a target for deep brain stimulation as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. [WP,unvetted].
-
NEW: The more lateral of the two segments of the globus pallidus, abutting the putamen
OLD: Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of acini connected to the surface of the areola or to a lactiferous duct by the duct of areolar gland. Examples: There are variable numbers of areolar glands.
-
NEW: A sebaceous glands in the areola surrounding the nipple.
OLD: Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pelvic girdle regions.
-
NEW: Subdivision of lower limb or fin which links the paired limb/fin to the body[FMA,modified]. Examples: There are only two instances, right and left pelvic girdle regions.
OLD: Multi-tissue structure that has as its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,adopted].
-
NEW: Stalk-like part of the brain that includes amongst its parts the medulla oblongata of the hindbrain and the tegmentum of the midbrain[ZFA,MP,generalized].
OLD: A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-961014-576'>Kimmel et al, 1995.</a>
-
NEW: A prominent collection of touch-sensory neurons of the trigeminal or fifth cranial nerve, positioned beside the brain between the eye and the ear.
(was groove)
+]]>OLD: The lateral globus pallidus (or external, GPe) receives a strong glutamatergic projection from the subthalamic nucleus. The two form a particular system: a coupled pacemaker. The axons of the external globus pallidum go essentially to the subthalamic nucleus. They go also to other elements of the basal ganglia system, the striatum, the substantia nigra pars reticulata, and the internal globus pallidus, where they release the neurotransmitter GABA. GPe is particular in comparison to the other elements of the set by the fact that it does not work as an output base of the basal ganglia (not sending axons to the thalamus) but as the main regulator of the basal ganglia system. It is sometimes used as a target for deep brain stimulation as a treatment for Parkinson's disease. [WP,unvetted].
+
NEW: The more lateral of the two segments of the globus pallidus, abutting the putamen
OLD: Lobular organ the parenchyma of which consists of acini connected to the surface of the areola or to a lactiferous duct by the duct of areolar gland. Examples: There are variable numbers of areolar glands.
+
NEW: A sebaceous glands in the areola surrounding the nipple.
OLD: A musculature that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition].
+
NEW: Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition].
OLD: The second pouch between the second and third arches. Contributes to the middle ear, epithelial lining of Crypts (spaces) of the palatine tonsils, supplied by the facial nerve[WP]
+
NEW: A pharyngeal puch that is between the pharyngeal arches 2 and 3.
OLD: A musculature that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition].
-
NEW: Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic girdle [Automatically generated definition].
OLD: An inter-phalangeal joint that connects a proximal phalanx.
-
NEW: An inter-phalangeal joint that connects a proximal phalanx to either a medial or distal phalanx.
OLD: A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a ulna.
+
NEW: A cartilaginous condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a ulna.
OLD: A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a ulna.
-
NEW: A cartilaginous condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a ulna.
OLD: A bone that is part of the pastern region of a horse limb.
-
NEW: A bone that is part of the pastern region of a horse limb. i.e. proximal or middle (P1 or P2) phalanges in digit 3.
OLD: The endoderm lines the future auditory tube (Pharyngotympanic Eustachian tube) , middle ear, mastoid antrum, and inner layer of the tympanic membrane. & origin of Mandibular nerve & Maxillary artery[WP]. The first pouch lies between the first and second arches[PMID]
-
NEW: A pharyngeal pouch that is between pharyngeal arches 1 and 2.
OLD: The body of the sternum (gladiolus), considerably lengthier, narrower, and thinner than the manubrium, attains its greatest breadth close to the lower end.
-
NEW: The middle and longest portion of the sternum, lying between the manubrium superiorly and the xiphoid process inferiorly; it considerably lengthier, narrower, and thinner than the manubrium, attains its greatest breadth close to the lower end.
OLD: Clusters of neurons comprising the globus pallidus, putamen, caudate, nucleus accumbens, substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus. They are involved with high level aspects of inhibitory motor activity in coordination with the excitation commands issued from the cerebellum.
+
NEW: Subcortical masses of gray matter in the forebrain and midbrain that are richly interconnected and so viewed as a functional system. The nuclei usually included are the caudate nucleus (caudoputamen in rodents), putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) and the subthalamic nucleus. Some also include the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum.
OLD: A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a limb bone.
-
NEW: A cartilaginous condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a limb bone.
OLD: Clusters of neurons comprising the globus pallidus, putamen, caudate, nucleus accumbens, substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus. They are involved with high level aspects of inhibitory motor activity in coordination with the excitation commands issued from the cerebellum.
-
NEW: Subcortical masses of gray matter in the forebrain and midbrain that are richly interconnected and so viewed as a functional system. The nuclei usually included are the caudate nucleus (caudoputamen in rodents), putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata) and the subthalamic nucleus. Some also include the nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum.
OLD: A musculature that is part of a pelvic appendage.
-
NEW: Any collection of muscles that is part of a pelvic appendage.
OLD: A limb/fin field that develops_into a pectoral appendage bud mesenchyme.
-
NEW: A limb/fin field that has_potential_to_develop_into a pectoral appendage bud mesenchyme.
OLD: One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth.
+
NEW: One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth.
OLD: A thick spongy structure at the base of the paw, centred over the flexor surfaces of the distal interphalangeal joints.
-
NEW: A thick spongy structure at the base of the autopod, centred over the flexor surfaces of the distal interphalangeal joints.
OLD: The olfactory cortex is involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the olfactory bulb and is responsible for the identification of odors[GO].
+
NEW: Aggregate brain region defined as those areas of cerebral cortex receiving direct synaptic input from the olfactory bulb (Price, 1973). It usually includes the piriform cortex and sometimes other areas.
OLD: One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth.
-
NEW: One of the two fleshy folds which surround the opening of the mouth.
OLD: The olfactory cortex is involved in the perception of smell. It receives input from the olfactory bulb and is responsible for the identification of odors[GO].
-
NEW: Aggregate brain region defined as those areas of cerebral cortex receiving direct synaptic input from the olfactory bulb (Price, 1973). It usually includes the piriform cortex and sometimes other areas.
(was manual digit 3 metacarpus cartilage condensation)
+]]>OLD: The vesical veins are tributaries of the internal iliac veins. [WP,unvetted].
+
NEW: The vesical veins are veins in the pelvis that drain blood from the urinary bladder. The vesical veins receive blood from the vesical venous plexus and are tributaries of the internal iliac veins. [WP].
OLD: The renal veins are veins that drain the kidney. They connect the kidney to the inferior vena cava. It is usually singular to each kidney, except in the condition 'multiple renal veins'. It also divides into 2 divisions upon entering the kidney: the anterior branch which receives blood from the anterior portion of the kidney and, the posterior branch which receives blood from the posterior portion. Often, each renal vein will have a branch that receives blood from the ureter. [WP,unvetted].
+
NEW: A renal vein that drains the left kidney
OLD: A gland that secretes mucus[cjm]. In humans, these are found in several different parts of the body, typically stain lighter than serous glands during standard histological preparation. Most are multicellular, but goblet cell are single-celled glands. [WP,modified].
+
NEW: A gland in which the principal secretory cells are mucus secreting cells.
OLD: The deep nuclei found in the basal forebrain.
+
NEW: The deep nuclei of telencephalic origin found in the basal region of the forebrain
OLD: The first morphological sign of the embryonic liver is the formation of the hepatic diverticulum, an out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile duct.
-
NEW: An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts.
OLD: The tendon of the ambiens muscle passes obliquely over the knee joint. It assists in the control of the bird’s toes. This muscle is present in some reptiles but not mammals. It is present in caiques and some other South American genera, but missing in most parrot genera. This was first noted by Garrod (1874) who proposed using this and other anatomical differences to classify parrots. For other anatomical differences among parrots see carotid arteries, furcula, and uropygial gland.
-
NEW: A long muscle found in reptiles that originates on the ilium and crosses the acetabulum and the knee joint before being inserted on the tibia.
OLD: The vesical veins are tributaries of the internal iliac veins. [WP,unvetted].
-
NEW: The vesical veins are veins in the pelvis that drain blood from the urinary bladder. The vesical veins receive blood from the vesical venous plexus and are tributaries of the internal iliac veins. [WP].
OLD: A gland that secretes mucus[cjm]. In humans, these are found in several different parts of the body, typically stain lighter than serous glands during standard histological preparation. Most are multicellular, but goblet cell are single-celled glands. [WP,modified].
-
NEW: A gland in which the principal secretory cells are mucus secreting cells.
OLD: The renal veins are veins that drain the kidney. They connect the kidney to the inferior vena cava. It is usually singular to each kidney, except in the condition 'multiple renal veins'. It also divides into 2 divisions upon entering the kidney: the anterior branch which receives blood from the anterior portion of the kidney and, the posterior branch which receives blood from the posterior portion. Often, each renal vein will have a branch that receives blood from the ureter. [WP,unvetted].
-
NEW: A renal vein that drains the left kidney
(was pedal digit 4 metatarsal cartilage condensation)
+]]>OLD: The deep nuclei found in the basal forebrain.
-
NEW: The deep nuclei of telencephalic origin found in the basal region of the forebrain
OLD: The endoderm lines the future auditory tube (Pharyngotympanic Eustachian tube) , middle ear, mastoid antrum, and inner layer of the tympanic membrane. & origin of Mandibular nerve & Maxillary artery[WP]. The first pouch lies between the first and second arches[PMID]
+
NEW: A pharyngeal pouch that is between pharyngeal arches 1 and 2.
OLD: The basal portion (further from lumen) of an intestinal crypt. Contains multipotent stem cells.
-
NEW: The basal portion (further from lumen) of an intestinal crypt. Contains multipotent stem cells. Stem cells in the crypts divide to form daughter cells. One daughter cell from each stem cell division is retained as a stem cell. The other becomes committed to differentiate along one of four pathways to become an enterocyte, enteroendocrine cell, goblet cell or Paneth cell.
OLD: a vein receiving blood from adjacent bronchopulmonary segments; it emerges from the inferior margin of a segment to become a tributary of a branch of a pulmonary vein[web]. Primary intersegmental vessels that are contacted by secondary angiogenic sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein and take on the characteristics of veins. These eventually link with other secondary sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein to form the parachordal vessel[ZFA].
-
NEW: The vein that sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein, growing dorsally between the somites, and then joining, and draining the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel.
OLD: One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.)
-
NEW: One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.
OLD: The tendon of the ambiens muscle passes obliquely over the knee joint. It assists in the control of the bird’s toes. This muscle is present in some reptiles but not mammals. It is present in caiques and some other South American genera, but missing in most parrot genera. This was first noted by Garrod (1874) who proposed using this and other anatomical differences to classify parrots. For other anatomical differences among parrots see carotid arteries, furcula, and uropygial gland.
+
NEW: A long muscle found in reptiles that originates on the ilium and crosses the acetabulum and the knee joint before being inserted on the tibia.
OLD: a vein receiving blood from adjacent bronchopulmonary segments; it emerges from the inferior margin of a segment to become a tributary of a branch of a pulmonary vein[web]. Primary intersegmental vessels that are contacted by secondary angiogenic sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein and take on the characteristics of veins. These eventually link with other secondary sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein to form the parachordal vessel[ZFA].
+
NEW: The vein that sprouts from the posterior cardinal vein, growing dorsally between the somites, and then joining, and draining the dorsal longitudinal anastomosing vessel.
OLD: The first morphological sign of the embryonic liver is the formation of the hepatic diverticulum, an out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile duct.
+
NEW: An out-pocket of thickened ventral foregut epithelium adjacent to the developing heart. Constitutes the first morphological sign of the embryonic liver. The anterior portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the liver and intrahepatic biliary tree, while the posterior portion forms the gall bladder and extrahepatic bile ducts.
OLD: Anal fin radials are internal skeletal supports of the anal fin.
-
NEW: anal fin radial element that is composed of bone tissue.
OLD: A musculature that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition].
-
NEW: Any collection of muscles that is part of a pharynx [Automatically generated definition].
(was anal fin radial)
+]]>OLD: The sphincter colli profundus of lie below the platysma in the area of the parotid gland (gland regions).
-
NEW: The sphincter colli profundus lies below the platysma in the area of the parotid gland (gland regions).
OLD: a bend in the axis of the embryological central nervous system (the neuraxis). This flexure marks the junction between the metencephalon and the myelencephalon. The division of the rhombencephalon (the early hindbrain) into the metencephalon and the myelencephalon occurs at the 7th week of development. In the mature brain, the metencephalon forms the pons and cerebellum, whilst the myelencephalon forms the medulla oblongata[WP].
-
NEW: A dorsally concave bend of the embryonic rhombencephalon that produces a thinning of the roof of the pons and medulla oblongata and defines the boundary between the metencephalon and myelencephalon in the embryo[MP].
OLD: The sphincter colli profundus of lie below the platysma in the area of the parotid gland (gland regions).
+
NEW: The sphincter colli profundus lies below the platysma in the area of the parotid gland (gland regions).
OLD: Subdivision of the telencephalon on the midline between the lateral ventricles which contains the septum pellucidum and the septal nuclei[FMA].
-
NEW: Gray matter structure located on the midline of the forebrain consisting of the septum pellucidum (in some species) and the septal nuclei (Heimer, 1996).
OLD: a bend in the axis of the embryological central nervous system (the neuraxis). This flexure marks the junction between the metencephalon and the myelencephalon. The division of the rhombencephalon (the early hindbrain) into the metencephalon and the myelencephalon occurs at the 7th week of development. In the mature brain, the metencephalon forms the pons and cerebellum, whilst the myelencephalon forms the medulla oblongata[WP].
+
NEW: A dorsally concave bend of the embryonic rhombencephalon that produces a thinning of the roof of the pons and medulla oblongata and defines the boundary between the metencephalon and myelencephalon in the embryo[MP].
OLD: Fin spine located anterior to the pelvic fin and posterior to the pectoral fin.
-
NEW: Spine located anterior to the pelvic fin and posterior to the pectoral fin.
OLD: Subdivision of the telencephalon on the midline between the lateral ventricles which contains the septum pellucidum and the septal nuclei[FMA].
+
NEW: Gray matter structure located on the midline of the forebrain consisting of the septum pellucidum (in some species) and the septal nuclei (Heimer, 1996).
OLD: A presumptive structure that develops_into a rhombomere 3.
-
NEW: A presumptive structure that has_potential_to_develop_into a rhombomere 3.
OLD: A musculature that is part of a hindlimb zeugopod.
-
NEW: Any collection of muscles that is part of a hindlimb zeugopod.
OLD: a network of specialized cells that communicate information about an organism's surroundings and itself[Wikipedia].
-
NEW: The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO].
OLD: An organ that is part of a abdominal segment of trunk.
-
NEW: An organ that part of the adbominal segment of the organism. This region can be further subdivided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic region.
OLD: Part of the globus pallidus, consistingo of the more medial of the two segments. In some species, e.g., primates, it is separated from the lateral segment by the fibers of the medial medullary lamina (MM).
-
NEW: Part of the globus pallidus, consisting of the more medial of the two segments. In some species, e.g., primates, it is separated from the lateral segment by the fibers of the medial medullary lamina (MM).
OLD: Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle.
-
NEW: A layer of thin, concentrically arranged cells with interspersed collagen that lies within the epineurium. (Nolte, J., The Human Brain 3rd edition)
OLD: An anatomical boundary that adjacent_to a foregut and adjacent_to a midgut.
-
NEW: An anatomical junctions that overlaps the foregut and midgut.
OLD: a network of specialized cells that communicate information about an organism's surroundings and itself[Wikipedia].
+
NEW: The nervous system is an organ system containing predominantly neuron and glial cells. In bilaterally symmetrical organism, it is arranged in a network of tree-like structures connected to a central body. The main functions of the nervous system are to regulate and control body functions, and to receive sensory input, process this information, and generate behavior [CUMBO].
OLD: Part of the globus pallidus, consistingo of the more medial of the two segments. In some species, e.g., primates, it is separated from the lateral segment by the fibers of the medial medullary lamina (MM).
+
NEW: Part of the globus pallidus, consisting of the more medial of the two segments. In some species, e.g., primates, it is separated from the lateral segment by the fibers of the medial medullary lamina (MM).
OLD: One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/lat_line/lat_line.html'>lateral line</a> by T. Whitfield.)
+
NEW: One of eight distinct lateral lines in the 4-day larva. A sensory system on the surface of the fish, consisting of small sensory patches (neuromasts) distributed in discrete lines over the body surface. The lateral line system is stimulated by local water displacements and vibrations, and detects propulsion of the fish through the water, as well as facilitating shoaling, prey capture, and predator and obstacle avoidance.
OLD: Rod-like internal median skeletal support bones of the dorsal fin, which articulate with the lepidotrichia distally.
-
NEW: dorsal fin distal radial element that is composed of bone tissue.
OLD: The basal portion (further from lumen) of an intestinal crypt. Contains multipotent stem cells.
+
NEW: The basal portion (further from lumen) of an intestinal crypt. Contains multipotent stem cells. Stem cells in the crypts divide to form daughter cells. One daughter cell from each stem cell division is retained as a stem cell. The other becomes committed to differentiate along one of four pathways to become an enterocyte, enteroendocrine cell, goblet cell or Paneth cell.
OLD: A multi-tissue structure that develops_into a meninx of hindbrain.
-
NEW: A multi-tissue structure that has_potential_to_develop_into a meninx of hindbrain.
(was dorsal fin distal radial)
+]]>OLD: Conic projection from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate, composed of connective tissue containing a number of racemose glands, and some muscular fibers. The uvula, hanging from the end of the soft palate, is responsible for the sound of snoring. Touching the uvula or the end of the soft palate evokes a strong gag reflex in most people.
-
NEW: Conic projection from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate, composed of connective tissue containing a number of racemose glands, and some muscular fibers.
OLD: Conic projection from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate, composed of connective tissue containing a number of racemose glands, and some muscular fibers. The uvula, hanging from the end of the soft palate, is responsible for the sound of snoring. Touching the uvula or the end of the soft palate evokes a strong gag reflex in most people.
+
NEW: Conic projection from the posterior edge of the middle of the soft palate, composed of connective tissue containing a number of racemose glands, and some muscular fibers.
OLD: A presumptive structure that develops_into a bulbus arteriosus.
-
NEW: A presumptive structure that has_potential_to_develop_into a bulbus arteriosus.
OLD: the epiblast and the hypoblast, evolved from the embryoblast
-
NEW: A flattened, almost circular bilaminar plate of cells formed when the inner cell mass (aka embryoblast) forms two epithelial layers, each of a distinct lineage, separated by an extracellular basement membrane: the external (dorsal) layer is called the epiblast and the internal (ventral) layer is called the hypoblast (aka primitive endoderm); together, they compose the bilaminar embryonic disc.
OLD: A presumptive structure that develops_into a bulbus arteriosus.
+
NEW: A presumptive structure that has_potential_to_develop_into a bulbus arteriosus.
OLD: the epiblast and the hypoblast, evolved from the embryoblast
+
NEW: A flattened, almost circular bilaminar plate of cells formed when the inner cell mass (aka embryoblast) forms two epithelial layers, each of a distinct lineage, separated by an extracellular basement membrane: the external (dorsal) layer is called the epiblast and the internal (ventral) layer is called the hypoblast (aka primitive endoderm); together, they compose the bilaminar embryonic disc.
OLD: An intervertebral disk that is part of a sacral region of vertebral column.
-
NEW: An intervertebral disk that is part of a sacral region of vertebral column. A sacral intervertebral disk connects at least one sacral vertebra, either to another thoracic vertebra, or at one point on the vertebral colummn, to a sacral vertebra
OLD: An intervertebral disk that is part of a sacral region of vertebral column.
+
NEW: An intervertebral disk that is part of a sacral region of vertebral column. A sacral intervertebral disk connects at least one sacral vertebra, either to another thoracic vertebra, or at one point on the vertebral colummn, to a sacral vertebra
OLD: Parasympathetic ganglia are the autonomic ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system. Most are small terminal ganglia or intramural ganglia, so named because they lie near or within (respectively) the organs they innervate. The exceptions are the four paired parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. [WP,unvetted].
-
NEW: Ganglion containing neurons that receive innervation from parasympathetic neurons in the central nervous system and subserves parasympathetic functions through innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands.
OLD: At the junction of the floor and anterior wall of the third ventricle, immediately above the optic chiasma, the ventricle presents a small angular recess or diverticulum, the optic recess (or supraoptic recess). [WP,unvetted].
-
NEW: Recess in third ventricle lying in front of the optic chiasm at the base of the lamina terminalis
OLD: ventrally concave flexure of the embryonic brain occurring at the junction of hindbrain and spinal cord[MP]. In humans develops by the 5th week of gestation[WP].
-
NEW: A ventrally concave flexure of the embryonic brain occurring at the junction of hindbrain and spinal cord[MP].
OLD: Parasympathetic ganglia are the autonomic ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system. Most are small terminal ganglia or intramural ganglia, so named because they lie near or within (respectively) the organs they innervate. The exceptions are the four paired parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck. [WP,unvetted].
+
NEW: Ganglion containing neurons that receive innervation from parasympathetic neurons in the central nervous system and subserves parasympathetic functions through innervation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands.
OLD: At the junction of the floor and anterior wall of the third ventricle, immediately above the optic chiasma, the ventricle presents a small angular recess or diverticulum, the optic recess (or supraoptic recess). [WP,unvetted].
+
NEW: Recess in third ventricle lying in front of the optic chiasm at the base of the lamina terminalis
OLD: ventrally concave flexure of the embryonic brain occurring at the junction of hindbrain and spinal cord[MP]. In humans develops by the 5th week of gestation[WP].
+
NEW: A ventrally concave flexure of the embryonic brain occurring at the junction of hindbrain and spinal cord[MP].
OLD: One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.)
-
NEW: One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration.
OLD: A gray matter of neuraxis that develops_into a nucleus ambiguus.
-
NEW: A gray matter of neuraxis that has_potential_to_develop_into a nucleus ambiguus.
OLD: Region at the periphery of the retina where retinal stem cells are located. After 60 hpf, the CMZ is the source of most retinal growth. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-050427-5'>Wehman et al, 2005.</a>
-
NEW: Region at the periphery of the retina where retinal stem cells are located. After 60 hpf, the CMZ is the source of most retinal growth.[Wehman et al, 2005]
OLD: One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration. (See Anatomical Atlas entry for <a href='http://zfin.org/zf_info/anatomy/dict/semi_canal/semi.html'>semicircular canals</a> by T. Whitfield.)
+
NEW: One of three fluid-filled toroidal spaces, arranged orthogonally to each other in each ear, that detect angular acceleration.
OLD: A gray matter of neuraxis that develops_into a nucleus ambiguus.
+
NEW: A gray matter of neuraxis that has_potential_to_develop_into a nucleus ambiguus.
OLD: Region at the periphery of the retina where retinal stem cells are located. After 60 hpf, the CMZ is the source of most retinal growth. <a href='http://zfin.org/cgi-bin/ZFIN_jump?record=ZDB-PUB-050427-5'>Wehman et al, 2005.</a>
+
NEW: Region at the periphery of the retina where retinal stem cells are located. After 60 hpf, the CMZ is the source of most retinal growth.[Wehman et al, 2005]
OLD: The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function[GO].
-
NEW: The superficial gray matter of the cerebellum. It consists of three main layers, the molecular layer, the Purkinje cell layer and the granule cell layer.
OLD: The septal nuclei are structures in the middle anteroventral cerebrum that are composed of medium-size neurons grouped into medial, lateral, and posterior groups. The septal nuclei receive reciprocal connections from the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain, habenula, cingulate gyrus, and thalamus. The septal nuclei play a role in reward and reinforcement along with the nucleus accumbens. In the 1950s, Olds & Milner showed that rats with electrodes implanted in this area will self-stimulate repeatedly in order to experience a euphoric feeling (i.e. press a bar to receive electrical current that will stimulate the neurons). [WP,unvetted].
-
NEW: Collection of nerve cells in the medial forebrain lying generally in front of the anterior commissure (Maryann Martone).
OLD: The cerebellar cortex is a thin mantle of gray matter that covers the surface of each cerebral hemisphere. It has a characteristic morphology with convolutions (gyri) and crevices (sulci) that have specific functions. Six layers of nerve cells and the nerve pathways that connect them comprise the cerebellar cortex. Together, these regions are responsible for the processes of conscious thought, perception, emotion and memory as well as advanced motor function[GO].
+
NEW: The superficial gray matter of the cerebellum. It consists of three main layers, the molecular layer, the Purkinje cell layer and the granule cell layer.
OLD: The septal nuclei are structures in the middle anteroventral cerebrum that are composed of medium-size neurons grouped into medial, lateral, and posterior groups. The septal nuclei receive reciprocal connections from the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain, habenula, cingulate gyrus, and thalamus. The septal nuclei play a role in reward and reinforcement along with the nucleus accumbens. In the 1950s, Olds & Milner showed that rats with electrodes implanted in this area will self-stimulate repeatedly in order to experience a euphoric feeling (i.e. press a bar to receive electrical current that will stimulate the neurons). [WP,unvetted].
+
NEW: Collection of nerve cells in the medial forebrain lying generally in front of the anterior commissure (Maryann Martone).
OLD: The dorsal spinocerebellar tract (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsig's fasciculus, Flechsig's tract) conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. It is part of the somatosensory system and runs in parallel with the ventral spinocerebellar tract. Proprioceptive information is taken to the via central processes of dorsal root ganglia (first order neurons). These central processes travel through the dorsal horn where they synapse with second order neurons of Clarke's nucleus. Axon fibers from Clarke's Nucleus convey this proprioceptive information in the spinal cord in the peripheral region of the posteriolateral funiculus ipsilaterally until it reaches the cerebellum, where unconscious proprioceptive information is processed. This tract involves two neurons and ends up on the same side of the body. [WP,unvetted].
+
NEW: It ascends the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus and enters the cerebellum via the restiform body. Within the cerebellum, its axons terminate in the ipsilateral hindlimb area of the anterior lobe and in the pyramis and the paramedian lobule predominantly ipsilaterally. Rostrally, it extends to lobules I and II. Afferents from the upper trunk, forelimbs, and the neck to the cerebellum.
OLD: The dorsal spinocerebellar tract (posterior spinocerebellar tract, Flechsig's fasciculus, Flechsig's tract) conveys proprioceptive information from the body to the cerebellum. It is part of the somatosensory system and runs in parallel with the ventral spinocerebellar tract. Proprioceptive information is taken to the via central processes of dorsal root ganglia (first order neurons). These central processes travel through the dorsal horn where they synapse with second order neurons of Clarke's nucleus. Axon fibers from Clarke's Nucleus convey this proprioceptive information in the spinal cord in the peripheral region of the posteriolateral funiculus ipsilaterally until it reaches the cerebellum, where unconscious proprioceptive information is processed. This tract involves two neurons and ends up on the same side of the body. [WP,unvetted].
-
NEW: It ascends the dorsal part of the lateral funiculus and enters the cerebellum via the restiform body. Within the cerebellum, its axons terminate in the ipsilateral hindlimb area of the anterior lobe and in the pyramis and the paramedian lobule predominantly ipsilaterally. Rostrally, it extends to lobules I and II. Afferents from the upper trunk, forelimbs, and the neck to the cerebellum.
OLD: The ventral tegmentum (tegmentum is Latin for covering), better known as the ventral tegmental area (VTA), is a group of neurons located close to the midline on the floor of the midbrain. The VTA, the origin of dopaminergic cell bodies that comprise the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, is widely implicated in the drug and natural reward circuitry of the brain, cognition, motivation, drug addiction, and several psychiatric disorders. The VTA contains neurons that project to numerous areas of the brain, from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the caudal brainstem and everywhere in between. [WP,unvetted].
+
NEW: A group of neurons located close to the midline on the floor of the midbrain. The VTA, the origin of dopaminergic cell bodies that comprise the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, is widely implicated in the drug and natural reward circuitry of the brain, cognition, motivation, drug addiction, and several psychiatric disorders. The VTA contains neurons that project to numerous areas of the brain, from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the caudal brainstem and everywhere in between. [WP,unvetted].
OLD: A portion of muscle tissue that is part of a interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition].
+
NEW: The muscular portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart
OLD: The ventral tegmentum (tegmentum is Latin for covering), better known as the ventral tegmental area (VTA), is a group of neurons located close to the midline on the floor of the midbrain. The VTA, the origin of dopaminergic cell bodies that comprise the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, is widely implicated in the drug and natural reward circuitry of the brain, cognition, motivation, drug addiction, and several psychiatric disorders. The VTA contains neurons that project to numerous areas of the brain, from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the caudal brainstem and everywhere in between. [WP,unvetted].
-
NEW: A group of neurons located close to the midline on the floor of the midbrain. The VTA, the origin of dopaminergic cell bodies that comprise the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system, is widely implicated in the drug and natural reward circuitry of the brain, cognition, motivation, drug addiction, and several psychiatric disorders. The VTA contains neurons that project to numerous areas of the brain, from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the caudal brainstem and everywhere in between. [WP,unvetted].
OLD: A portion of muscle tissue that is part of a interventricular septum [Automatically generated definition].
-
NEW: The muscular portion of the wall between the two lower chambers of the heart
OLD: The serratus anterior is a muscle that originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. [WP,unvetted].
-
NEW: The serratus ventralis is a muscle that originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. [WP,unvetted].
OLD: Thin plates of cells in and immediately adjacent to the sagittal plane[NIF]. A moderate-size cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem. Their main function is to release serotonin to the rest of the brain. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are believed to act in these nuclei, as well as at their targets. The raphe nuclei are traditionally considered to be the medial portion of the reticular formation, and they appear as a ridge of cells in the center and most medial portion of the brain stem.
+
NEW: The raphe nuclei are thin plates of cells in and immediately adjacent to the sagittal plane.
OLD: The ampullae of Lorenzini are special sensing organs called electroreceptors, forming a network of jelly-filled pores... Each ampulla consists of a jelly-filled canal opening to the surface by a pore in the skin and ending blindly in a cluster of small pockets full of special jelly. The ampullae are mostly clustered into groups inside the body, each cluster having ampullae connecting with different parts of the skin, but preserving a left-right symmetry. The canal lengths vary from animal to animal, but the distribution of the pores is generally specific to each species. The ampullae pores are plainly visible as dark spots in the skin. They provide fish with a sixth sense capable of detecting electromagnetic fields as well as temperature gradients[WP].
-
NEW: The ampullae of Lorenzini are special sensing organs called electroreceptors, forming a network of jelly-filled pores. Each ampulla consists of a canal opening to the surface by a pore in the skin and ending blindly in a cluster of small pockets full of special jelly. The ampullae are mostly clustered into groups inside the body, each cluster having ampullae connecting with different parts of the skin, but preserving a left-right symmetry. The canal lengths vary from animal to animal, but the distribution of the pores is generally specific to each species. The ampullae pores are plainly visible as dark spots in the skin. They provide fish with a sixth sense capable of detecting electromagnetic fields as well as temperature gradients[WP].
(was serratus anterior)
+OLD: The serratus anterior is a muscle that originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. [WP,unvetted].
+
NEW: The serratus ventralis is a muscle that originates on the surface of the upper eight or nine ribs at the side of the chest and inserts along the entire anterior length of the medial border of the scapula. [WP,unvetted].
OLD: The ampullae of Lorenzini are special sensing organs called electroreceptors, forming a network of jelly-filled pores... Each ampulla consists of a jelly-filled canal opening to the surface by a pore in the skin and ending blindly in a cluster of small pockets full of special jelly. The ampullae are mostly clustered into groups inside the body, each cluster having ampullae connecting with different parts of the skin, but preserving a left-right symmetry. The canal lengths vary from animal to animal, but the distribution of the pores is generally specific to each species. The ampullae pores are plainly visible as dark spots in the skin. They provide fish with a sixth sense capable of detecting electromagnetic fields as well as temperature gradients[WP].
+
NEW: The ampullae of Lorenzini are special sensing organs called electroreceptors, forming a network of jelly-filled pores. Each ampulla consists of a canal opening to the surface by a pore in the skin and ending blindly in a cluster of small pockets full of special jelly. The ampullae are mostly clustered into groups inside the body, each cluster having ampullae connecting with different parts of the skin, but preserving a left-right symmetry. The canal lengths vary from animal to animal, but the distribution of the pores is generally specific to each species. The ampullae pores are plainly visible as dark spots in the skin. They provide fish with a sixth sense capable of detecting electromagnetic fields as well as temperature gradients[WP].
OLD: Thin plates of cells in and immediately adjacent to the sagittal plane[NIF]. A moderate-size cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem. Their main function is to release serotonin to the rest of the brain. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are believed to act in these nuclei, as well as at their targets. The raphe nuclei are traditionally considered to be the medial portion of the reticular formation, and they appear as a ridge of cells in the center and most medial portion of the brain stem.
-
NEW: The raphe nuclei are thin plates of cells in and immediately adjacent to the sagittal plane.
OLD: The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted].
-
NEW: The longissimus thoracis is the intermediate and largest of the continuations of the sacrospinalis.[WP]. intermediate erector spinae muscle of back; origin, with iliocostalis and from transverse processes of lower thoracic vertebrae; insertion, by lateral slips into most or all of the ribs between angles and tubercles and into tips of transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae, and by medial slips into accessory processes of upper lumbar and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae; action, extends vertebral column; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves[Stedmans].
OLD: Part of the central nervous system which is lodged in the vertebral canal; it is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate; it is enclosed in three protective membranes, the meninges.
+
NEW: Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO)
OLD: A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a tibiotarsus.
-
NEW: A cartilaginous condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a tibiotarsus.
OLD: Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the trunk of the body, containing the trunk/presacral vertebrae.
-
NEW: Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the trunk of the body, containing the trunk/presacral vertebrae. In organisms that have a thoracic and lumbar distinction, this corresponds to the sum of both of these regions.
OLD: Along with the fourth pouch, contributes to the formation of the musculature and cartilage of the larynx[WP].
@@ -4226,45 +4473,58 @@
OLD: Part of the central nervous system which is lodged in the vertebral canal; it is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate; it is enclosed in three protective membranes, the meninges.
-
NEW: Part of the central nervous system located in the vertebral canal continuous with and caudal to the brain; demarcated from brain by plane of foramen magnum. It is composed of an inner core of gray matter in which nerve cells predominate, and an outer layer of white matter in which myelinated nerve fibers predominate, and surrounds the central canal. (CUMBO)
OLD: Is a laterally bowed, sagitally compressed, slender element that extends from dorsocaudally from the lateral parts of the basihyoid. It connects the basiohyoid with the rostral corner of the thyroid cartlilage of the larynx.
+
NEW: Is a laterally bowed, sagittally compressed, slender element that extends from dorsocaudally from the lateral parts of the basihyoid. It connects the basiohyoid with the rostral corner of the thyroid cartlilage of the larynx.
OLD: A musculature that is part of a perineum [Automatically generated definition].
-
NEW: Any collection of muscles that is part of a perineum [Automatically generated definition].
OLD: The longissimus is the muscle lateral to the semispinalis. It is the longest subdivision of the sacrospinalis that extends forward into the transverse processes of the posterior cervical vertebrae. [WP,unvetted].
+
NEW: The longissimus thoracis is the intermediate and largest of the continuations of the sacrospinalis.[WP]. intermediate erector spinae muscle of back; origin, with iliocostalis and from transverse processes of lower thoracic vertebrae; insertion, by lateral slips into most or all of the ribs between angles and tubercles and into tips of transverse processes of upper lumbar vertebrae, and by medial slips into accessory processes of upper lumbar and transverse processes of thoracic vertebrae; action, extends vertebral column; nerve supply, dorsal primary rami of thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves[Stedmans].
OLD: Is a laterally bowed, sagitally compressed, slender element that extends from dorsocaudally from the lateral parts of the basihyoid. It connects the basiohyoid with the rostral corner of the thyroid cartlilage of the larynx.
-
NEW: Is a laterally bowed, sagittally compressed, slender element that extends from dorsocaudally from the lateral parts of the basihyoid. It connects the basiohyoid with the rostral corner of the thyroid cartlilage of the larynx.
OLD: Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the trunk of the body, containing the trunk/presacral vertebrae.
+
NEW: Subdivision of vertebral column that corresponds to the trunk of the body, containing the trunk/presacral vertebrae. In organisms that have a thoracic and lumbar distinction, this corresponds to the sum of both of these regions.
OLD: A musculature that is part of a perineum [Automatically generated definition].
+
NEW: Any collection of muscles that is part of a perineum [Automatically generated definition].
OLD: Those portions of the caudate nucleus and especially the putamen located generally superior to a plane representing the anterior commissure; also called the dorsal basal ganglia; may function in motor activities with cognitive origins.
-
NEW: Dorsal components of the striatum comprising the caudate nucleus and the putamen, in species that have distinct nuclei; the caudoputamen in species which don't.
OLD: The nauplius stage is characterised by the use of the appendages of the head (the antennae) for swimming. The nauplius is also the stage at which a simple, unpaired eye first appears. The eye is known for that reason as the 'naupliar eye', and is often absent in later developmental stages, although it is retained into the adult form in some groups, such as the Notostraca.
-
NEW: The free-swimming first stage of the larva of certain crustaceans, having an unsegmented body with three pairs of appendages and a single median eye. The eye is known for that reason as the 'naupliar eye', and is often absent in later developmental stages, although it is retained into the adult form in some groups, such as the Notostraca.
OLD: Those portions of the caudate nucleus and especially the putamen located generally superior to a plane representing the anterior commissure; also called the dorsal basal ganglia; may function in motor activities with cognitive origins.
+
NEW: Dorsal components of the striatum comprising the caudate nucleus and the putamen, in species that have distinct nuclei; the caudoputamen in species which don't.
OLD: An organ that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition].
-
NEW: An organ that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland.
OLD: An organ that is part of an abdomen [Automatically generated definition].
+
NEW: An organ that is in the abdomen. Examples: spleen, intestine, kidney, abdominal mammary gland.
OLD: A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a fibula.
-
NEW: A pre-cartilage condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a fibula.
OLD: The nauplius stage is characterised by the use of the appendages of the head (the antennae) for swimming. The nauplius is also the stage at which a simple, unpaired eye first appears. The eye is known for that reason as the 'naupliar eye', and is often absent in later developmental stages, although it is retained into the adult form in some groups, such as the Notostraca.
+
NEW: The free-swimming first stage of the larva of certain crustaceans, having an unsegmented body with three pairs of appendages and a single median eye. The eye is known for that reason as the 'naupliar eye', and is often absent in later developmental stages, although it is retained into the adult form in some groups, such as the Notostraca.
OLD: A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a hindlimb bone.
+
NEW: A cartilaginous condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a hindlimb bone.
OLD: A musculature that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition].
+
NEW: Any collection of muscles that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition].
OLD: A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a hindlimb bone.
-
NEW: A cartilaginous condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a hindlimb bone.
OLD: The hyaloid artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which is itself a branch of the internal carotid artery. It is contained within the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens. Usually fully regressed before birth, its purpose is to supply nutrient to the developing lens in the growing fetus. During the tenth week of development in humans (time varies depending on species), the lens grows independent of a blood supply and the hyaloid artery usually regresses. Its proximal portion remains as the central artery of the retina. Regression of the hyaloid artery leaves a clear central zone through the vitreous called the hyaloid canal or Cloquet's canal. Cloquet's canal is named after the man who first described it, French physician Jules Germain Cloquet (1790b1883). Occasionally the artery may not fully regress, resulting in the condition persistent hyaloid artery. More commonly, small remnants of the artery may remain. Free remnants can sometimes be seen as \"floaters\". An anterior remnant of the hyaloid artery can be seen in some people as Mittendorf's dot, a small pinpoint-like scar on the posterior surface of the lens. A posterior remnant may be seen where the artery left the optic disc, and is known as Bergmeister's papilla.
+
NEW: The hyaloid artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which is itself a branch of the internal carotid artery. It is contained within the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens. Usually fully regressed before birth, its purpose is to supply nutrient to the developing lens in the growing fetus. During the tenth week of development in humans (time varies depending on species), the lens grows independent of a blood supply and the hyaloid artery usually regresses. Its proximal portion remains as the central artery of the retina. Regression of the hyaloid artery leaves a clear central zone through the vitreous called the hyaloid canal or Cloquet's canal. . Occasionally the artery may not fully regress, resulting in the condition persistent hyaloid artery. More commonly, small remnants of the artery may remain. Free remnants can sometimes be seen as 'floaters'. An anterior remnant of the hyaloid artery can be seen in some people as Mittendorf's dot, a small pinpoint-like scar on the posterior surface of the lens. A posterior remnant may be seen where the artery left the optic disc, and is known as Bergmeister's papilla.
OLD: Pectoral fin radials are the internal skeletal supports of the pectoral fin which develop from the pectoral fin endoskeletal disc, supports the pectoral lepidotrichia or fin rays and connects the lepidotrichia with the primary pectoral girdle.
+
NEW: pectoral fin radial element that is composed of bone tissue.
OLD: A musculature that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition].
-
NEW: Any collection of muscles that is part of a larynx [Automatically generated definition].
OLD: a brain region that in humans is located in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe. It works in association with pre-motor areas to plan and execute movements. M1 contains large neurons known as Betz cells which send long axons down the spinal cord to synapse onto alpha motor neurons which connect to the muscles. Pre-motor areas are involved in planning actions (in concert with the basal ganglia) and refining movements based upon sensory input (this requires the cerebellum). The human primary motor cortex is located in the dorsal part of the precentral gyrus and the anterior bank of the central sulcus. The precentral gyrus is in front of the postcentral gyrus from which it is separated by the central sulcus. Its anterior border is the precentral sulcus, while inferiorly it borders to the lateral fissure (Sylvian fissure). Medially, it is contiguous with the paracentral lobule.
+
NEW: The part of the cerebral cortex that receives projections from the motor thalamus and which projects to motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. The motor cortex corresponds to Brodmann's area 4 (MM). The primary motor cortex, or M1, is located on the precentral gyrus and on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain. Of the three motor cortex areas, stimulation of the primary motor cortex requires the least amount of electrical current to elicit a movement. http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter03.html
OLD: Pectoral fin radials are the internal skeletal supports of the pectoral fin which develop from the pectoral fin endoskeletal disc, supports the pectoral lepidotrichia or fin rays and connects the lepidotrichia with the primary pectoral girdle.
-
NEW: pectoral fin radial element that is composed of bone tissue.
(was pes interosseus muscle)
+]]>OLD: An organ that is part of a trunk [Automatically generated definition].
-
NEW: An organ that part of the trunk region. The trunk region can be further subdividied into thoracic (including chest and thoracic cavity) and abdominal (including abdomen and pelbis) regions.
OLD: The hyaloid artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which is itself a branch of the internal carotid artery. It is contained within the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens. Usually fully regressed before birth, its purpose is to supply nutrient to the developing lens in the growing fetus. During the tenth week of development in humans (time varies depending on species), the lens grows independent of a blood supply and the hyaloid artery usually regresses. Its proximal portion remains as the central artery of the retina. Regression of the hyaloid artery leaves a clear central zone through the vitreous called the hyaloid canal or Cloquet's canal. Cloquet's canal is named after the man who first described it, French physician Jules Germain Cloquet (1790b1883). Occasionally the artery may not fully regress, resulting in the condition persistent hyaloid artery. More commonly, small remnants of the artery may remain. Free remnants can sometimes be seen as \"floaters\". An anterior remnant of the hyaloid artery can be seen in some people as Mittendorf's dot, a small pinpoint-like scar on the posterior surface of the lens. A posterior remnant may be seen where the artery left the optic disc, and is known as Bergmeister's papilla.
-
NEW: The hyaloid artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which is itself a branch of the internal carotid artery. It is contained within the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens. Usually fully regressed before birth, its purpose is to supply nutrient to the developing lens in the growing fetus. During the tenth week of development in humans (time varies depending on species), the lens grows independent of a blood supply and the hyaloid artery usually regresses. Its proximal portion remains as the central artery of the retina. Regression of the hyaloid artery leaves a clear central zone through the vitreous called the hyaloid canal or Cloquet's canal. . Occasionally the artery may not fully regress, resulting in the condition persistent hyaloid artery. More commonly, small remnants of the artery may remain. Free remnants can sometimes be seen as 'floaters'. An anterior remnant of the hyaloid artery can be seen in some people as Mittendorf's dot, a small pinpoint-like scar on the posterior surface of the lens. A posterior remnant may be seen where the artery left the optic disc, and is known as Bergmeister's papilla.
OLD: A mesoderm that develops_into a pronephros.
-
NEW: A mesoderm that has_potential_to_develop_into a pronephros.
OLD: a brain region that in humans is located in the posterior portion of the frontal lobe. It works in association with pre-motor areas to plan and execute movements. M1 contains large neurons known as Betz cells which send long axons down the spinal cord to synapse onto alpha motor neurons which connect to the muscles. Pre-motor areas are involved in planning actions (in concert with the basal ganglia) and refining movements based upon sensory input (this requires the cerebellum). The human primary motor cortex is located in the dorsal part of the precentral gyrus and the anterior bank of the central sulcus. The precentral gyrus is in front of the postcentral gyrus from which it is separated by the central sulcus. Its anterior border is the precentral sulcus, while inferiorly it borders to the lateral fissure (Sylvian fissure). Medially, it is contiguous with the paracentral lobule.
-
NEW: The part of the cerebral cortex that receives projections from the motor thalamus and which projects to motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord. The motor cortex corresponds to Brodmann's area 4 (MM). The primary motor cortex, or M1, is located on the precentral gyrus and on the anterior paracentral lobule on the medial surface of the brain. Of the three motor cortex areas, stimulation of the primary motor cortex requires the least amount of electrical current to elicit a movement. http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s3/chapter03.html
OLD: The second rib is much longer than the first, but has a very similar curvature. The non-articular portion of the tubercle is occasionally only feebly marked. The angle is slight, and situated close to the tubercle. The body is not twisted, so that both ends touch any plane surface upon which it may be laid; but there is a bend, with its convexity upward, similar to, though smaller than that found in the first rib. The body is not flattened horizontally like that of the first rib. Its external surface is convex, and looks upward and a little outward; near the middle of it is a rough eminence for the origin of the lower part of the first and the whole of the second digitation of the Serratus anterior; behind and above this is attached the Scalenus posterior. The internal surface, smooth, and concave, is directed downward and a little inward: on its posterior part there is a short costal groove. [WP,unvetted].
-
NEW: The second rib is much longer than the first, but has a very similar curvature. The non-articular portion of the tubercle is occasionally only feebly marked. The angle is slight, and situated close to the tubercle. The body is not twisted, so that both ends touch any plane surface upon which it may be laid; but there is a bend, with its convexity upward, similar to, though smaller than that found in the first rib. The body is not flattened horizontally like that of the first rib. Its external surface is convex, and looks upward and a little outward; near the middle of it is a rough eminence for the origin of the lower part of the first and the whole of the second digitation of the serratus ventralis; behind and above this is attached the Scalenus posterior. The internal surface, smooth, and concave, is directed downward and a little inward: on its posterior part there is a short costal groove. [WP,unvetted].
OLD: A gray matter of neuraxis that develops_into a facial nucleus.
-
NEW: A gray matter of neuraxis that has_potential_to_develop_into a facial nucleus.
OLD: The second rib is much longer than the first, but has a very similar curvature. The non-articular portion of the tubercle is occasionally only feebly marked. The angle is slight, and situated close to the tubercle. The body is not twisted, so that both ends touch any plane surface upon which it may be laid; but there is a bend, with its convexity upward, similar to, though smaller than that found in the first rib. The body is not flattened horizontally like that of the first rib. Its external surface is convex, and looks upward and a little outward; near the middle of it is a rough eminence for the origin of the lower part of the first and the whole of the second digitation of the Serratus anterior; behind and above this is attached the Scalenus posterior. The internal surface, smooth, and concave, is directed downward and a little inward: on its posterior part there is a short costal groove. [WP,unvetted].
+
NEW: The second rib is much longer than the first, but has a very similar curvature. The non-articular portion of the tubercle is occasionally only feebly marked. The angle is slight, and situated close to the tubercle. The body is not twisted, so that both ends touch any plane surface upon which it may be laid; but there is a bend, with its convexity upward, similar to, though smaller than that found in the first rib. The body is not flattened horizontally like that of the first rib. Its external surface is convex, and looks upward and a little outward; near the middle of it is a rough eminence for the origin of the lower part of the first and the whole of the second digitation of the serratus ventralis; behind and above this is attached the Scalenus posterior. The internal surface, smooth, and concave, is directed downward and a little inward: on its posterior part there is a short costal groove. [WP,unvetted].
OLD: delicate innermost layer of the meninges—the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The thin, mesh-like pia mater closely envelops the entire surface of the brain, running down into the fissures of the cortex. It joins with the ependyma which lines the ventricles to form choroid plexuses that produce cerebrospinal fluid. In the spinal cord, the pia mater attaches to the dura mater by the denticular ligaments through the arachnoid membrane. The pia mater is a neural crest derivative.
-
NEW: The innermost layer of the leptomeninges, consisting of a delicate membrane closely covering the surface of the brain and spinal cord,and lying under the arachnoid membrane. The pia, unlike the arachnoid, extends into the sulci in gyrencephalic animals.
OLD: delicate innermost layer of the meninges—the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. The thin, mesh-like pia mater closely envelops the entire surface of the brain, running down into the fissures of the cortex. It joins with the ependyma which lines the ventricles to form choroid plexuses that produce cerebrospinal fluid. In the spinal cord, the pia mater attaches to the dura mater by the denticular ligaments through the arachnoid membrane. The pia mater is a neural crest derivative.
+
NEW: The innermost layer of the leptomeninges, consisting of a delicate membrane closely covering the surface of the brain and spinal cord,and lying under the arachnoid membrane. The pia, unlike the arachnoid, extends into the sulci in gyrencephalic animals.
OLD: Region between the blastocyst and the myometrium.
+
NEW: area of uterine endometrium found between the implanted chorionic vesicle and the myometrium.
OLD: A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a tarsal bone.
+
NEW: A pre-cartilage condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a tarsal bone.
OLD: An embryo at an early stage of embryonic development, consisting of cells (called blastomeres) in a solid ball contained within the zona pellucida[WP] The compacted embryo before cavity formation.
+
NEW: A spherical embryonic mass of blastomeres formed before the blastula and resulting from cleavage of the fertilized ovum.
OLD: A presumptive structure that develops_into a ganglion.
+
NEW: A presumptive structure that has_potential_to_develop_into a ganglion.
OLD: A neural crest that developmentally_contributes_to a spinal cord.
+
NEW: A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a spinal cord.
OLD: A presumptive structure that develops_into a rhombomere 4.
+
NEW: A presumptive structure that has_potential_to_develop_into a rhombomere 4.
OLD: Dorsal fin radial that is the rod-like internal median skeletal support bone of the dorsal fin located between the dorsal fin proximal radial and dorsal fin distal radial.
-
NEW: dorsal fin middle radial element that is composed of bone tissue.
OLD: Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all ribs in an organism connected via the sternum.
+
NEW: Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all ribs in an organism connected to the sternum and the vertebrae. Some vertebrates have abdominal ribs (gastrialia), not connected to the vertebrate - these are not considered part of the rib case.
OLD: A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a tarsal bone.
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NEW: A pre-cartilage condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a tarsal bone.
OLD: An embryo at an early stage of embryonic development, consisting of cells (called blastomeres) in a solid ball contained within the zona pellucida[WP] The compacted embryo before cavity formation.
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NEW: A spherical embryonic mass of blastomeres formed before the blastula and resulting from cleavage of the fertilized ovum.
OLD: A presumptive structure that develops_into a ganglion.
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NEW: A presumptive structure that has_potential_to_develop_into a ganglion.
OLD: A neural crest that developmentally_contributes_to a spinal cord.
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NEW: A neural crest that has_potential_to_developmentally_contribute_to a spinal cord.
OLD: A presumptive structure that develops_into a rhombomere 4.
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NEW: A presumptive structure that has_potential_to_develop_into a rhombomere 4.
OLD: A pre-cartilage condensation that develops_into a tibiotarsus.
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NEW: A pre-cartilage condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a tibiotarsus.
OLD: Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all ribs in an organism connected via the sternum.
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NEW: Subdivision of skeletal system that consists of all ribs in an organism connected to the sternum and the vertebrae. Some vertebrates have abdominal ribs (gastrialia), not connected to the vertebrate - these are not considered part of the rib case.
OLD: A cartilaginous condensation that develops_into a patella.
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NEW: A cartilaginous condensation that has_potential_to_develop_into a patella.
OLD: A musculature that is part of a body wall [Automatically generated definition].
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NEW: Any collection of muscles that is part of a body wall [Automatically generated definition].
OLD: A developing anatomical structure that develops_into a myelencephalon.
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NEW: A developing anatomical structure that has_potential_to_develop_into a myelencephalon.
OLD: A developing anatomical structure that develops_into a myelencephalon.
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NEW: A developing anatomical structure that has_potential_to_develop_into a myelencephalon.
OLD: The renal veins are veins that drain the kidney. They connect the kidney to the inferior vena cava. It is usually singular to each kidney, except in the condition 'multiple renal veins'. It also divides into 2 divisions upon entering the kidney: the anterior branch which receives blood from the anterior portion of the kidney and, the posterior branch which receives blood from the posterior portion. Often, each renal vein will have a branch that receives blood from the ureter. [WP,unvetted].
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NEW: Either of the pair of major vessels which arise from the renal hilus and return blood from the kidneys, suprarenal gland and the ureter to the inferior vena cava.
OLD: The renal veins are veins that drain the kidney. They connect the kidney to the inferior vena cava. It is usually singular to each kidney, except in the condition 'multiple renal veins'. It also divides into 2 divisions upon entering the kidney: the anterior branch which receives blood from the anterior portion of the kidney and, the posterior branch which receives blood from the posterior portion. Often, each renal vein will have a branch that receives blood from the ureter. [WP,unvetted].
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NEW: Either of the pair of major vessels which arise from the renal hilus and return blood from the kidneys, suprarenal gland and the ureter to the inferior vena cava.
OLD: a multi-sensory processing center in the olfactory cortex that plays a role in reward behaviors. The OT is a composite structure that receives direct input from the olfactory bulb and contains the morphological and histochemical characteristics of the ventral pallidum and the striatum of the forebrain (Heimer & Wilson 1975).
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NEW: Region in the ventral telencephalon, prominent in rodents, but present in all mammals, consisting of a laminated cortical part and the cap/hilus region. It is traditionally viewed as part of the olfactory cortex but recognized by some as having a striatal character. According to many authors, the structure of the OT transitions from cortical like to striatal like along the lateral medial axis. (Maryann Martone)
OLD: a multi-sensory processing center in the olfactory cortex that plays a role in reward behaviors. The OT is a composite structure that receives direct input from the olfactory bulb and contains the morphological and histochemical characteristics of the ventral pallidum and the striatum of the forebrain (Heimer & Wilson 1975).
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NEW: Region in the ventral telencephalon, prominent in rodents, but present in all mammals, consisting of a laminated cortical part and the cap/hilus region. It is traditionally viewed as part of the olfactory cortex but recognized by some as having a striatal character. According to many authors, the structure of the OT transitions from cortical like to striatal like along the lateral medial axis. (Maryann Martone)
OLD: A gray matter of neuraxis that develops_into a dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve.
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NEW: A gray matter of neuraxis that has_potential_to_develop_into a dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve.
OLD: A segment of a digit containing the distal phalanx, and overlapping the interphalangeal joint[CJM]. The digit tip is derived from multiple and distinct embryonic origins, and includes the distal bone with associated marrow cavity and haematopoietic cells, ventral (flexor) and dorsal (extensor) tendons, sweat glands with myoepithelial and luminal secreting cells and associated neurons for innervation, dermis with resident melanocytes and dendritic cells, mesenchyme with resident fibroblasts, skin epidermis with hair follicles, a nail organ composed of six specific parts (the root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium (cuticle), perionychium and hyponychium).
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NEW: A segment of a digit containing the distal phalanx, and overlapping the distal interphalangeal joint[CJM]. The digit tip is derived from multiple and distinct embryonic origins, and includes the distal bone with associated marrow cavity and haematopoietic cells, ventral (flexor) and dorsal (extensor) tendons, sweat glands with myoepithelial and luminal secreting cells and associated neurons for innervation, dermis with resident melanocytes and dendritic cells, mesenchyme with resident fibroblasts, skin epidermis with hair follicles, a nail organ composed of six specific parts (the root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium (cuticle), perionychium and hyponychium).
OLD: A segment of a digit containing the distal phalanx, and overlapping the interphalangeal joint[CJM]. The digit tip is derived from multiple and distinct embryonic origins, and includes the distal bone with associated marrow cavity and haematopoietic cells, ventral (flexor) and dorsal (extensor) tendons, sweat glands with myoepithelial and luminal secreting cells and associated neurons for innervation, dermis with resident melanocytes and dendritic cells, mesenchyme with resident fibroblasts, skin epidermis with hair follicles, a nail organ composed of six specific parts (the root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium (cuticle), perionychium and hyponychium).
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NEW: A segment of a digit containing the distal phalanx, and overlapping the distal interphalangeal joint[CJM]. The digit tip is derived from multiple and distinct embryonic origins, and includes the distal bone with associated marrow cavity and haematopoietic cells, ventral (flexor) and dorsal (extensor) tendons, sweat glands with myoepithelial and luminal secreting cells and associated neurons for innervation, dermis with resident melanocytes and dendritic cells, mesenchyme with resident fibroblasts, skin epidermis with hair follicles, a nail organ composed of six specific parts (the root, nail bed, nail plate, eponychium (cuticle), perionychium and hyponychium).