diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 34973b329..18ee3b477 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
     "clean-stack": "^3.0.1",
     "cli-progress": "^3.12.0",
     "debug": "^4.3.4",
-    "ejs": "^3.1.8",
+    "ejs": "^3.1.9",
     "get-package-type": "^0.1.0",
     "globby": "^11.1.0",
     "hyperlinker": "^1.0.0",
@@ -39,11 +39,11 @@
     "@oclif/test": "^3.0.1",
     "@types/ansi-styles": "^3.2.1",
     "@types/benchmark": "^2.1.2",
-    "@types/chai": "^4.3.4",
+    "@types/chai": "^4.3.8",
     "@types/chai-as-promised": "^7.1.5",
     "@types/clean-stack": "^2.1.1",
     "@types/cli-progress": "^3.11.0",
-    "@types/ejs": "^3.1.2",
+    "@types/ejs": "^3.1.3",
     "@types/indent-string": "^4.0.1",
     "@types/js-yaml": "^3.12.7",
     "@types/mocha": "^10.0.2",
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@
     "@types/wordwrap": "^1.0.1",
     "@types/wrap-ansi": "^3.0.0",
     "benchmark": "^2.1.4",
-    "chai": "^4.3.7",
+    "chai": "^4.3.10",
     "chai-as-promised": "^7.1.1",
     "commitlint": "^17.7.2",
     "cross-env": "^7.0.3",
diff --git a/src/cli-ux/prompt.ts b/src/cli-ux/prompt.ts
index 1e21bd99b..b72d232b6 100644
--- a/src/cli-ux/prompt.ts
+++ b/src/cli-ux/prompt.ts
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ interface IPromptConfig {
 function normal(options: IPromptConfig, retries = 100): Promise<string> {
   if (retries < 0) throw new Error('no input')
   return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
-    let timer: NodeJS.Timer
+    let timer: NodeJS.Timeout
     if (options.timeout) {
       timer = setTimeout(() => {
         process.stdin.pause()
diff --git a/src/config/cache.ts b/src/config/cache.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c91bc57d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/config/cache.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+import {Plugin} from '../interfaces'
+
+type CacheContents = {
+  rootPlugin: Plugin
+}
+
+type ValueOf<T> = T[keyof T]
+
+/**
+ * A simple cache for storing values that need to be accessed globally.
+ */
+export default class Cache extends Map<keyof CacheContents, ValueOf<CacheContents>> {
+  static instance: Cache
+  static getInstance(): Cache {
+    if (!Cache.instance) {
+      Cache.instance = new Cache()
+    }
+
+    return Cache.instance
+  }
+
+  public get(key: 'rootPlugin'): Plugin | undefined
+  public get(key: keyof CacheContents): ValueOf<CacheContents> | undefined {
+    return super.get(key)
+  }
+}
diff --git a/src/config/config.ts b/src/config/config.ts
index 85abff098..a3fcef2b7 100644
--- a/src/config/config.ts
+++ b/src/config/config.ts
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ import {settings} from '../settings'
 import {requireJson} from '../util/fs'
 import {getHomeDir, getPlatform} from '../util/os'
 import {compact, isProd} from '../util/util'
+import Cache from './cache'
 import PluginLoader from './plugin-loader'
 import {Debug, collectUsableIds, getCommandIdPermutations} from './util'
 
@@ -104,13 +105,14 @@ export class Config implements IConfig {
 
   private _commands = new Map<string, Command.Loadable>()
 
-  private static _rootPlugin: IPlugin
-
   private _topics = new Map<string, Topic>()
 
   private commandPermutations = new Permutations()
+
   private pluginLoader!: PluginLoader
 
+  private rootPlugin!: IPlugin
+
   private topicPermutations = new Permutations()
 
   constructor(public options: Options) {}
@@ -149,7 +151,7 @@ export class Config implements IConfig {
   }
 
   static get rootPlugin(): IPlugin | undefined {
-    return Config._rootPlugin
+    return this.rootPlugin
   }
 
   public get commandIDs(): string[] {
@@ -281,18 +283,22 @@ export class Config implements IConfig {
       (settings.performanceEnabled === undefined ? this.options.enablePerf : settings.performanceEnabled) ?? false
     const marker = Performance.mark(OCLIF_MARKER_OWNER, 'config.load')
     this.pluginLoader = new PluginLoader({plugins: this.options.plugins, root: this.options.root})
-    Config._rootPlugin = await this.pluginLoader.loadRoot()
+    this.rootPlugin = await this.pluginLoader.loadRoot()
+
+    // Cache the root plugin so that we can reference it later when determining if
+    // we should skip ts-node registration for an ESM plugin.
+    Cache.getInstance().set('rootPlugin', this.rootPlugin)
 
-    this.root = Config._rootPlugin.root
-    this.pjson = Config._rootPlugin.pjson
+    this.root = this.rootPlugin.root
+    this.pjson = this.rootPlugin.pjson
 
-    this.plugins.set(Config._rootPlugin.name, Config._rootPlugin)
-    this.root = Config._rootPlugin.root
-    this.pjson = Config._rootPlugin.pjson
+    this.plugins.set(this.rootPlugin.name, this.rootPlugin)
+    this.root = this.rootPlugin.root
+    this.pjson = this.rootPlugin.pjson
     this.name = this.pjson.name
     this.version = this.options.version || this.pjson.version || '0.0.0'
     this.channel = this.options.channel || channelFromVersion(this.version)
-    this.valid = Config._rootPlugin.valid
+    this.valid = this.rootPlugin.valid
 
     this.arch = arch() === 'ia32' ? 'x86' : (arch() as any)
     this.platform = WSL ? 'wsl' : getPlatform()
@@ -364,7 +370,7 @@ export class Config implements IConfig {
       dataDir: this.dataDir,
       devPlugins: this.options.devPlugins,
       force: opts?.force ?? false,
-      rootPlugin: Config._rootPlugin,
+      rootPlugin: this.rootPlugin,
       userPlugins: this.options.userPlugins,
     })
 
diff --git a/src/config/plugin.ts b/src/config/plugin.ts
index 340f42d44..12be13015 100644
--- a/src/config/plugin.ts
+++ b/src/config/plugin.ts
@@ -171,7 +171,10 @@ export class Plugin implements IPlugin {
 
     const marker = Performance.mark(OCLIF_MARKER_OWNER, `plugin.commandIDs#${this.name}`, {plugin: this.name})
     this._debug(`loading IDs from ${this.commandsDir}`)
-    const patterns = ['**/*.+(js|cjs|mjs|ts|tsx)', '!**/*.+(d.ts|test.ts|test.js|spec.ts|spec.js)?(x)']
+    const patterns = [
+      '**/*.+(js|cjs|mjs|ts|tsx|mts|cts)',
+      '!**/*.+(d.ts|test.ts|test.js|spec.ts|spec.js|d.mts|d.cts)?(x)',
+    ]
     const ids = sync(patterns, {cwd: this.commandsDir}).map((file) => {
       const p = parse(file)
       const topics = p.dir.split('/')
diff --git a/src/config/ts-node.ts b/src/config/ts-node.ts
index e78546a6d..7a0328350 100644
--- a/src/config/ts-node.ts
+++ b/src/config/ts-node.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import {Plugin, TSConfig} from '../interfaces'
 import {settings} from '../settings'
 import {readJsonSync} from '../util/fs'
 import {isProd} from '../util/util'
+import Cache from './cache'
 import {Debug} from './util'
 
 // eslint-disable-next-line new-cap
@@ -14,11 +15,6 @@ const debug = Debug('ts-node')
 
 export const TS_CONFIGS: Record<string, TSConfig> = {}
 const REGISTERED = new Set<string>()
-/**
- * Cache the root plugin so that we can reference it later when determining if
- * we should skip ts-node registration for an ESM plugin.
- */
-let ROOT_PLUGIN: Plugin | undefined
 
 function loadTSConfig(root: string): TSConfig | undefined {
   if (TS_CONFIGS[root]) return TS_CONFIGS[root]
@@ -111,7 +107,7 @@ function registerTSNode(root: string): TSConfig | undefined {
 
   tsNode.register(conf)
   REGISTERED.add(root)
-
+  debug('%O', tsconfig)
   return tsconfig
 }
 
@@ -127,8 +123,12 @@ function registerTSNode(root: string): TSConfig | undefined {
  * We still register ts-node for ESM plugins when NODE_ENV is "test" or "development" and root plugin is also ESM
  * since that allows plugins to be auto-transpiled when developing locally using `bin/dev.js`.
  */
-function cannotTranspileEsm(root: string, plugin: Plugin | undefined, isProduction: boolean): boolean {
-  return (isProduction || ROOT_PLUGIN?.moduleType === 'commonjs') && plugin?.moduleType === 'module'
+function cannotTranspileEsm(
+  rootPlugin: Plugin | undefined,
+  plugin: Plugin | undefined,
+  isProduction: boolean,
+): boolean {
+  return (isProduction || rootPlugin?.moduleType === 'commonjs') && plugin?.moduleType === 'module'
 }
 
 /**
@@ -154,9 +154,19 @@ function cannotUseTsNode(root: string, plugin: Plugin | undefined, isProduction:
 function determinePath(root: string, orig: string): string {
   const tsconfig = registerTSNode(root)
   if (!tsconfig) return orig
-  const {outDir, rootDir, rootDirs} = tsconfig.compilerOptions
-  const rootDirPath = rootDir || (rootDirs || [])[0]
-  if (!rootDirPath || !outDir) return orig
+  debug(`determining path for ${orig}`)
+  const {baseUrl, outDir, rootDir, rootDirs} = tsconfig.compilerOptions
+  const rootDirPath = rootDir ?? (rootDirs ?? [])[0] ?? baseUrl
+  if (!rootDirPath) {
+    debug(`no rootDir, rootDirs, or baseUrl specified in tsconfig.json. Returning default path ${orig}`)
+    return orig
+  }
+
+  if (!outDir) {
+    debug(`no outDir specified in tsconfig.json. Returning default path ${orig}`)
+    return orig
+  }
+
   // rewrite path from ./lib/foo to ./src/foo
   const lib = join(root, outDir) // ./lib
   const src = join(root, rootDirPath) // ./src
@@ -168,7 +178,18 @@ function determinePath(root: string, orig: string): string {
   // For hooks, it might point to a module, not a file. Something like "./hooks/myhook"
   // That file doesn't exist, and the real file is "./hooks/myhook.ts"
   // In that case we attempt to resolve to the filename. If it fails it will revert back to the lib path
-  if (existsSync(out) || existsSync(out + '.ts')) return out
+
+  debug(`lib dir: ${lib}`)
+  debug(`src dir: ${src}`)
+  debug(`src commands dir: ${out}`)
+  if (existsSync(out) || existsSync(out + '.ts')) {
+    debug(`Found source file for ${orig} at ${out}`)
+    return out
+  }
+
+  debug(`No source file found. Returning default path ${orig}`)
+  if (!isProd()) memoizedWarn(`Could not find source for ${orig} based on tsconfig. Defaulting to compiled source.`)
+
   return orig
 }
 
@@ -180,7 +201,7 @@ function determinePath(root: string, orig: string): string {
 export function tsPath(root: string, orig: string, plugin: Plugin): string
 export function tsPath(root: string, orig: string | undefined, plugin?: Plugin): string | undefined
 export function tsPath(root: string, orig: string | undefined, plugin?: Plugin): string | undefined {
-  if (plugin?.isRoot) ROOT_PLUGIN = plugin
+  const rootPlugin = Cache.getInstance().get('rootPlugin')
 
   if (!orig) return orig
   orig = orig.startsWith(root) ? orig : join(root, orig)
@@ -194,9 +215,9 @@ export function tsPath(root: string, orig: string | undefined, plugin?: Plugin):
 
   const isProduction = isProd()
 
-  if (cannotTranspileEsm(root, plugin, isProduction)) {
+  if (cannotTranspileEsm(rootPlugin, plugin, isProduction)) {
     debug(
-      `Skipping ts-node registration for ${root} because it's an ESM module (NODE_ENV: ${process.env.NODE_ENV}, root plugin module type: ${ROOT_PLUGIN?.moduleType})))`,
+      `Skipping ts-node registration for ${root} because it's an ESM module (NODE_ENV: ${process.env.NODE_ENV}, root plugin module type: ${rootPlugin?.moduleType})))`,
     )
     if (plugin?.type === 'link')
       memoizedWarn(
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ts-config.ts b/src/interfaces/ts-config.ts
index 80ddd1692..44aea6320 100644
--- a/src/interfaces/ts-config.ts
+++ b/src/interfaces/ts-config.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 export interface TSConfig {
   compilerOptions: {
+    baseUrl?: string
     emitDecoratorMetadata?: boolean
     esModuleInterop?: boolean
     experimentalDecorators?: boolean
diff --git a/src/module-loader.ts b/src/module-loader.ts
index 526719dff..7fecc887f 100644
--- a/src/module-loader.ts
+++ b/src/module-loader.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ const getPackageType = require('get-package-type')
  * Defines file extension resolution when source files do not have an extension.
  */
 // eslint-disable-next-line camelcase
-const s_EXTENSIONS: string[] = ['.ts', '.js', '.mjs', '.cjs']
+const s_EXTENSIONS: string[] = ['.ts', '.js', '.mjs', '.cjs', '.mts', '.cts']
 
 const isPlugin = (config: IConfig | IPlugin): config is IPlugin => (<IPlugin>config).type !== undefined
 
diff --git a/src/util/cache-command.ts b/src/util/cache-command.ts
index e48fe6184..fb5214bce 100644
--- a/src/util/cache-command.ts
+++ b/src/util/cache-command.ts
@@ -88,11 +88,10 @@ export async function cacheCommand(
   // @ts-expect-error because v2 commands have base flags stored in _baseFlags
   const uncachedBaseFlags = cmd.baseFlags ?? cmd._baseFlags
 
-  const flags = await cacheFlags(
-    aggregateFlags(uncachedFlags, uncachedBaseFlags, cmd.enableJsonFlag),
-    respectNoCacheDefault,
-  )
-  const args = await cacheArgs(ensureArgObject(cmd.args), respectNoCacheDefault)
+  const [flags, args] = await Promise.all([
+    await cacheFlags(aggregateFlags(uncachedFlags, uncachedBaseFlags, cmd.enableJsonFlag), respectNoCacheDefault),
+    await cacheArgs(ensureArgObject(cmd.args), respectNoCacheDefault),
+  ])
 
   const stdProperties = {
     aliases: cmd.aliases ?? [],
diff --git a/test/command/main.test.ts b/test/command/main.test.ts
index 9176adabc..581d95f3a 100644
--- a/test/command/main.test.ts
+++ b/test/command/main.test.ts
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 import {expect} from 'chai'
 import {resolve} from 'node:path'
 import {SinonSandbox, SinonStub, createSandbox} from 'sinon'
+import stripAnsi from 'strip-ansi'
 
 import {Interfaces, stdout} from '../../src/index'
 import {run} from '../../src/main'
 import {requireJson} from '../../src/util/fs'
 
-import stripAnsi = require('strip-ansi')
-
 const pjson = requireJson<Interfaces.PJSON>(__dirname, '..', '..', 'package.json')
 const version = `@oclif/core/${pjson.version} ${process.platform}-${process.arch} node-${process.version}`
 
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 8724e8b4e..c273a36ef 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -1017,11 +1017,16 @@
   dependencies:
     "@types/chai" "*"
 
-"@types/chai@*", "@types/chai@^4.3.4":
+"@types/chai@*":
   version "4.3.4"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/chai/-/chai-4.3.4.tgz#e913e8175db8307d78b4e8fa690408ba6b65dee4"
   integrity sha512-KnRanxnpfpjUTqTCXslZSEdLfXExwgNxYPdiO2WGUj8+HDjFi8R3k5RVKPeSCzLjCcshCAtVO2QBbVuAV4kTnw==
 
+"@types/chai@^4.3.8":
+  version "4.3.8"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/chai/-/chai-4.3.8.tgz#aa200a264a3bc78ccfc1718eedbd3b9d5a591270"
+  integrity sha512-yW/qTM4mRBBcsA9Xw9FbcImYtFPY7sgr+G/O5RDYVmxiy9a+pE5FyoFUi8JYCZY5nicj8atrr1pcfPiYpeNGOA==
+
 "@types/clean-stack@^2.1.1":
   version "2.1.1"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/clean-stack/-/clean-stack-2.1.1.tgz#7dd5430b733d088263b01653ea0ec39af9fe67f1"
@@ -1041,10 +1046,10 @@
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/color-name/-/color-name-1.1.1.tgz#1c1261bbeaa10a8055bbc5d8ab84b7b2afc846a0"
   integrity sha512-rr+OQyAjxze7GgWrSaJwydHStIhHq2lvY3BOC2Mj7KnzI7XK0Uw1TOOdI9lDoajEbSWLiYgoo4f1R51erQfhPQ==
 
-"@types/ejs@^3.1.2":
-  version "3.1.2"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/ejs/-/ejs-3.1.2.tgz#75d277b030bc11b3be38c807e10071f45ebc78d9"
-  integrity sha512-ZmiaE3wglXVWBM9fyVC17aGPkLo/UgaOjEiI2FXQfyczrCefORPxIe+2dVmnmk3zkVIbizjrlQzmPGhSYGXG5g==
+"@types/ejs@^3.1.3":
+  version "3.1.3"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/@types/ejs/-/ejs-3.1.3.tgz#ad91d1dd6e24fb60bbf96c534bce58b95eef9b57"
+  integrity sha512-mv5T/JI/bu+pbfz1o+TLl1NF0NIBbjS0Vl6Ppz1YY9DkXfzZT0lelXpfS5i3ZS3U/p90it7uERQpBvLYoK8e4A==
 
 "@types/eslint@^7.2.13":
   version "7.29.0"
@@ -1892,19 +1897,6 @@ chai@^4.3.10:
     pathval "^1.1.1"
     type-detect "^4.0.8"
 
-chai@^4.3.7:
-  version "4.3.7"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/chai/-/chai-4.3.7.tgz#ec63f6df01829088e8bf55fca839bcd464a8ec51"
-  integrity sha512-HLnAzZ2iupm25PlN0xFreAlBA5zaBSv3og0DdeGA4Ar6h6rJ3A0rolRUKJhSF2V10GZKDgWF/VmAEsNWjCRB+A==
-  dependencies:
-    assertion-error "^1.1.0"
-    check-error "^1.0.2"
-    deep-eql "^4.1.2"
-    get-func-name "^2.0.0"
-    loupe "^2.3.1"
-    pathval "^1.1.1"
-    type-detect "^4.0.5"
-
 chalk@5.3.0, chalk@^5.3.0:
   version "5.3.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/chalk/-/chalk-5.3.0.tgz#67c20a7ebef70e7f3970a01f90fa210cb6860385"
@@ -2316,13 +2308,6 @@ decamelize@^4.0.0:
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/decamelize/-/decamelize-4.0.0.tgz#aa472d7bf660eb15f3494efd531cab7f2a709837"
   integrity sha512-9iE1PgSik9HeIIw2JO94IidnE3eBoQrFJ3w7sFuzSX4DpmZ3v5sZpUiV5Swcf6mQEF+Y0ru8Neo+p+nyh2J+hQ==
 
-deep-eql@^4.1.2:
-  version "4.1.2"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/deep-eql/-/deep-eql-4.1.2.tgz#270ceb902f87724077e6f6449aed81463f42fc1c"
-  integrity sha512-gT18+YW4CcW/DBNTwAmqTtkJh7f9qqScu2qFVlx7kCoeY9tlBu9cUcr7+I+Z/noG8INehS3xQgLpTtd/QUTn4w==
-  dependencies:
-    type-detect "^4.0.0"
-
 deep-eql@^4.1.3:
   version "4.1.3"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/deep-eql/-/deep-eql-4.1.3.tgz#7c7775513092f7df98d8df9996dd085eb668cc6d"
@@ -2593,6 +2578,13 @@ ejs@^3.1.8:
   dependencies:
     jake "^10.8.5"
 
+ejs@^3.1.9:
+  version "3.1.9"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/ejs/-/ejs-3.1.9.tgz#03c9e8777fe12686a9effcef22303ca3d8eeb361"
+  integrity sha512-rC+QVNMJWv+MtPgkt0y+0rVEIdbtxVADApW9JXrUVlzHetgcyczP/E7DJmWJ4fJCZF2cPcBk0laWO9ZHMG3DmQ==
+  dependencies:
+    jake "^10.8.5"
+
 electron-to-chromium@^1.4.530:
   version "1.4.531"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/electron-to-chromium/-/electron-to-chromium-1.4.531.tgz#22966d894c4680726c17cf2908ee82ff5d26ac25"
@@ -4615,13 +4607,6 @@ log-update@^5.0.1:
     strip-ansi "^7.0.1"
     wrap-ansi "^8.0.1"
 
-loupe@^2.3.1:
-  version "2.3.4"
-  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/loupe/-/loupe-2.3.4.tgz#7e0b9bffc76f148f9be769cb1321d3dcf3cb25f3"
-  integrity sha512-OvKfgCC2Ndby6aSTREl5aCCPTNIzlDfQZvZxNUrBrihDhL3xcrYegTblhmEiCrg2kKQz4XsFIaemE5BF4ybSaQ==
-  dependencies:
-    get-func-name "^2.0.0"
-
 loupe@^2.3.6:
   version "2.3.6"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/loupe/-/loupe-2.3.6.tgz#76e4af498103c532d1ecc9be102036a21f787b53"
@@ -6812,7 +6797,7 @@ type-check@^0.4.0, type-check@~0.4.0:
   dependencies:
     prelude-ls "^1.2.1"
 
-type-detect@4.0.8, type-detect@^4.0.0, type-detect@^4.0.5, type-detect@^4.0.8:
+type-detect@4.0.8, type-detect@^4.0.0, type-detect@^4.0.8:
   version "4.0.8"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/type-detect/-/type-detect-4.0.8.tgz#7646fb5f18871cfbb7749e69bd39a6388eb7450c"
   integrity sha512-0fr/mIH1dlO+x7TlcMy+bIDqKPsw/70tVyeHW787goQjhmqaZe10uwLujubK9q9Lg6Fiho1KUKDYz0Z7k7g5/g==