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#!/bin/bash
# @Function
# Find out the highest cpu consumed threads of java processes, and print the stack of these threads.
#
# @Usage
# $ ./show-busy-java-threads
#
# @online-doc https://github.com/oldratlee/useful-scripts/blob/dev-2.x/docs/java.md#-show-busy-java-threads
# @author Jerry Lee (oldratlee at gmail dot com)
# @author superhj1987 (superhj1987 at 126 dot com)
#
# NOTE about Bash Traps and Pitfalls:
#
# 1. DO NOT combine var declaration and assignment which value supplied by subshell in ONE line!
# for example: readonly var1=$(echo value1)
# local var2=$(echo value1)
#
# Because the combination make exit code of assignment to be always 0,
# aka. the exit code of command in subshell is discarded.
# tested on bash 3.2.57/4.2.46
#
# solution is separation of var declaration and assignment:
# var1=$(echo value1)
# readonly var1
# local var2
# var2=$(echo value1)
# NOTE: DO NOT declare var PROG as readonly in ONE line!
PROG="$(basename "$0")"
readonly PROG
readonly PROG_VERSION='2.5.0-dev'
# choosing between $0 and BASH_SOURCE
# https://stackoverflow.com/a/35006505/922688
# How can I get the source directory of a Bash script from within the script itself?
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59895
# Will $0 always include the path to the script?
# https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/119929
readonly -a COMMAND_LINE=("${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" "$@")
# Get current user name via whoami command
# See https://www.lifewire.com/current-linux-user-whoami-command-3867579
# Because if run command by `sudo -u`, env var $USER is not rewritten/correct, just inherited from outside!
#
# NOTE: DO NOT declare var USER as readonly in ONE line!
USER="$(whoami)"
readonly USER
################################################################################
# util functions
################################################################################
# NOTE: $'foo' is the escape sequence syntax of bash
readonly ec=$'\033' # escape char
readonly eend=$'\033[0m' # escape end
readonly nl=$'\n' # new line
colorEcho() {
local color=$1
shift
# if stdout is console, turn on color output.
[ -t 1 ] && echo "${ec}[1;${color}m$*$eend" || echo "$@"
}
colorPrint() {
local color=$1
shift
colorEcho "$color" "$@"
[[ -n "$append_file" && -w "$append_file" ]] && echo "$@" >>"$append_file"
[[ -n "$store_dir" && -w "$store_dir" ]] && echo "$@" >>"${store_file_prefix}$PROG"
}
# shellcheck disable=SC2120
normalPrint() {
echo "$@"
[[ -n "$append_file" && -w "$append_file" ]] && echo "$@" >>"$append_file"
[[ -n "$store_dir" && -w "$store_dir" ]] && echo "$@" >>"${store_file_prefix}$PROG"
}
redPrint() {
colorPrint 31 "$@"
}
greenPrint() {
colorPrint 32 "$@"
}
yellowPrint() {
colorPrint 33 "$@"
}
bluePrint() {
colorPrint 36 "$@"
}
die() {
redPrint "Error: $*" 1>&2
exit 1
}
logAndRun() {
echo "$@"
echo
"$@"
}
logAndCat() {
echo "$@"
echo
cat
}
# Bash RegEx to check floating point numbers from user input
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13790763
isNonNegativeFloatNumber() {
[[ "$1" =~ ^[+]?[0-9]+\.?[0-9]*$ ]]
}
isNaturalNumber() {
[[ "$1" =~ ^[+]?[0-9]+$ ]]
}
isNaturalNumberList() {
[[ "$1" =~ ^([0-9]+)(,[0-9]+)*$ ]]
}
# print calling(quoted) command line which is able to copy and paste to rerun safely
#
# How to get the complete calling command of a BASH script from inside the script (not just the arguments)
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/36625593
printCallingCommandLine() {
local arg isFirst=true
for arg in "${COMMAND_LINE[@]}"; do
if $isFirst; then
isFirst=false
else
printf ' '
fi
printf '%q' "$arg"
done
echo
}
usage() {
local -r exit_code="${1:-0}"
(($# > 0)) && shift
# shellcheck disable=SC2015
[ "$exit_code" != 0 ] && local -r out=/dev/stderr || local -r out=/dev/stdout
(($# > 0)) && colorEcho 31 "$*$nl" >$out
cat >$out <<EOF
Usage: ${PROG} [OPTION]... [delay [count]]
Find out the highest cpu consumed threads of java processes,
and print the stack of these threads.
Example:
${PROG} # show busy java threads info
${PROG} 1 # update every 1 second, (stop by eg: CTRL+C)
${PROG} 3 10 # update every 3 seconds, update 10 times
Output control:
-p, --pid <java pid(s)> find out the highest cpu consumed threads from
the specified java process.
support pid list(eg: 42,47).
default from all java process.
-c, --count <num> set the thread count to show, default is 5.
set count 0 to show all threads.
-a, --append-file <file> specifies the file to append output as log.
-S, --store-dir <dir> specifies the directory for storing
the intermediate files, and keep files.
default store intermediate files at tmp dir,
and auto remove after run. use this option to keep
files so as to review jstack/top/ps output later.
delay the delay between updates in seconds.
count the number of updates.
delay/count arguments imitates the style of
vmstat command.
jstack control:
-s, --jstack-path <path> specifies the path of jstack command.
-F, --force set jstack to force a thread dump.
use when jstack does not respond (process is hung).
-m, --mix-native-frames set jstack to print both java and
native frames (mixed mode).
-l, --lock-info set jstack with long listing.
prints additional information about locks.
CPU usage calculation control:
-i, --cpu-sample-interval specifies the delay between cpu samples to get
thread cpu usage percentage during this interval.
default is 0.5 (second).
set interval 0 to get the percentage of time spent
running during the *entire lifetime* of a process.
Miscellaneous:
-h, --help display this help and exit.
-V, --version display version information and exit.
EOF
exit "$exit_code"
}
progVersion() {
echo "$PROG $PROG_VERSION"
exit
}
################################################################################
# Check os support
################################################################################
uname | grep '^Linux' -q || die "$PROG only support Linux, not support $(uname) yet!"
################################################################################
# parse options
################################################################################
# DO NOT declare var ARGS as readonly in ONE line!
ARGS=$(
getopt -n "$PROG" -a -o c:p:a:s:S:i:Pd:FmlhV \
-l count:,pid:,append-file:,jstack-path:,store-dir:,cpu-sample-interval:,use-ps,top-delay:,force,mix-native-frames,lock-info,help,version \
-- "$@"
) || {
echo
usage 1
}
readonly ARGS
eval set -- "${ARGS}"
count=5
cpu_sample_interval=0.5
while true; do
case "$1" in
-c | --count)
count="$2"
shift 2
;;
-p | --pid)
pid_list="$2"
shift 2
;;
-a | --append-file)
append_file="$2"
shift 2
;;
-s | --jstack-path)
jstack_path="$2"
shift 2
;;
-S | --store-dir)
store_dir="$2"
shift 2
;;
# support the legacy option name -P,--use-ps for compatibility
-P | --use-ps)
cpu_sample_interval=0
shift
;;
# support the legacy option name -d,--top-delay for compatibility
-i | --cpu-sample-interval | -d | --top-delay)
cpu_sample_interval="$2"
shift 2
;;
-F | --force)
force=-F
shift
;;
-m | --mix-native-frames)
mix_native_frames=-m
shift
;;
-l | --lock-info)
lock_info=-l
shift
;;
-h | --help)
usage
;;
-V | --version)
progVersion
;;
--)
shift
break
;;
esac
done
readonly count cpu_sample_interval force mix_native_frames lock_info
readonly update_delay=${1:-0}
isNonNegativeFloatNumber "$update_delay" || die "update delay($update_delay) is not a non-negative float number!"
[ -z "$1" ] && update_count=1 || update_count=${2:-0}
isNaturalNumber "$update_count" || die "update count($update_count) is not a natural number!"
readonly update_count
if [ -n "$pid_list" ]; then
pid_list="${pid_list//[[:space:]]/}" # delete white space
isNaturalNumberList "$pid_list" || die "pid(s)($pid_list) is illegal! example: 42 or 42,99,67"
fi
readonly pid_list
# check the directory of append-file(-a) mode, create if not exist.
if [ -n "$append_file" ]; then
if [ -e "$append_file" ]; then
[ -f "$append_file" ] || die "$append_file(specified by option -a, for storing run output files) exists but is not a file!"
[ -w "$append_file" ] || die "file $append_file(specified by option -a, for storing run output files) exists but is not writable!"
else
append_file_dir="$(dirname "$append_file")"
if [ -e "$append_file_dir" ]; then
[ -d "$append_file_dir" ] || die "directory $append_file_dir(specified by option -a, for storing run output files) exists but is not a directory!"
[ -w "$append_file_dir" ] || die "directory $append_file_dir(specified by option -a, for storing run output files) exists but is not writable!"
else
mkdir -p "$append_file_dir" || die "fail to create directory $append_file_dir(specified by option -a, for storing run output files)!"
fi
fi
fi
readonly append_file
# check store directory(-S) mode, create directory if not exist.
if [ -n "$store_dir" ]; then
if [ -e "$store_dir" ]; then
[ -d "$store_dir" ] || die "$store_dir(specified by option -S, for storing output files) exists but is not a directory!"
[ -w "$store_dir" ] || die "directory $store_dir(specified by option -S, for storing output files) exists but is not writable!"
else
mkdir -p "$store_dir" || die "fail to create directory $store_dir(specified by option -S, for storing output files)!"
fi
fi
readonly store_dir
isNonNegativeFloatNumber "$cpu_sample_interval" || die "cpu sample interval($cpu_sample_interval) is not a non-negative float number!"
################################################################################
# search/check the existence of jstack command
#
# search order/priority:
# 1. from -s option
# 2. from under env var JAVA_HOME
# 3. from under env var PATH
################################################################################
if [ -n "$jstack_path" ]; then
# 1. check jstack_path set by -s option
[ -f "$jstack_path" ] || die "$jstack_path (set by -s option) is NOT found!"
[ -x "$jstack_path" ] || die "$jstack_path (set by -s option) is NOT executable!"
elif [ -n "$JAVA_HOME" ]; then
# 2. search jstack under JAVA_HOME
if [ -f "$JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack" ]; then
[ -x "$JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack" ] || die "found \$JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack($JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack) is NOT executable!${nl}Use -s option set jstack path manually."
jstack_path="$JAVA_HOME/bin/jstack"
elif [ -f "$JAVA_HOME/../bin/jstack" ]; then
[ -x "$JAVA_HOME/../bin/jstack" ] || die "found \$JAVA_HOME/../bin/jstack($JAVA_HOME/../bin/jstack) is NOT executable!${nl}Use -s option set jstack path manually."
jstack_path="$JAVA_HOME/../bin/jstack"
fi
elif command -v jstack &>/dev/null; then
# 3. search jstack under PATH
jstack_path="$(command -v jstack)"
[ -x "$jstack_path" ] || die "found $jstack_path from PATH is NOT executable!${nl}Use -s option set jstack path manually."
else
die "jstack NOT found by JAVA_HOME(${JAVA_HOME:-not set}) setting and PATH!${nl}Use -s option set jstack path manually."
fi
readonly jstack_path
################################################################################
# biz logic
################################################################################
# NOTE: DO NOT declare var run_timestamp as readonly in ONE line!
run_timestamp="$(date "+%Y-%m-%d_%H:%M:%S.%N")"
readonly run_timestamp
readonly uuid="${PROG}_${run_timestamp}_${$}_${RANDOM}"
readonly tmp_store_dir="/tmp/${uuid}"
if [ -n "$store_dir" ]; then
readonly store_file_prefix="$store_dir/${run_timestamp}_"
else
readonly store_file_prefix="$tmp_store_dir/${run_timestamp}_"
fi
mkdir -p "$tmp_store_dir"
cleanupWhenExit() {
rm -rf "$tmp_store_dir" &>/dev/null
}
trap cleanupWhenExit EXIT
headInfo() {
colorEcho "0;34;42" ================================================================================
echo "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%N") [$((update_round_num + 1))/$update_count]: $(printCallingCommandLine)"
colorEcho "0;34;42" ================================================================================
echo
}
if [ -n "${pid_list}" ]; then
readonly ps_process_select_options="-p $pid_list"
else
readonly ps_process_select_options="-C java -C jsvc"
fi
__die_when_no_java_process_found() {
if [ -n "${pid_list}" ]; then
die "process($pid_list) is not running, or not java process!"
else
die 'No java process found!'
fi
}
# output field: pid, thread id(lwp), pcpu, user
# order by pcpu(percentage of cpu usage)
#
# NOTE:
# use ps command to find busy thread(cpu usage)
# cpu usage of ps command is expressed as
# the percentage of time spent running during the *entire lifetime* of a process,
# this is not ideal in general.
findBusyJavaThreadsByPs() {
# 1. sort by %cpu by ps option `--sort -pcpu`
# unfortunately, ps from `procps-ng 3.3.12`, `--sort` does not work properly with other options,
# use
# ps <other options>
# combined
# sort -k3,3nr
# instead of
# ps <other options> --sort -pcpu
# 2. use wide output(unlimited width) by ps option `-ww`
# avoid trunk user column to username_fo+ or $uid alike
# shellcheck disable=SC2206
local -a ps_cmd_line=(ps $ps_process_select_options -wwLo 'pid,lwp,pcpu,user' --no-headers)
# DO NOT combine var ps_out declaration and assignment in ONE line!
local ps_out
ps_out="$("${ps_cmd_line[@]}" | sort -k3,3nr)"
[ -n "$ps_out" ] || __die_when_no_java_process_found
if [ -n "$store_dir" ]; then
echo "$ps_out" | logAndCat "${ps_cmd_line[*]} | sort -k3,3nr" >"${store_file_prefix}$((update_round_num + 1))_ps"
fi
if ((count > 0)); then
echo "$ps_out" | head -n "${count}"
else
echo "$ps_out"
fi
}
# top with output field: thread id, %cpu
__top_threadId_cpu() {
# DO NOT combine var java_pid_list declaration and assignment in ONE line!
local java_pid_list
# shellcheck disable=SC2086
java_pid_list="$(ps $ps_process_select_options -o pid --no-headers)"
[ -n "$java_pid_list" ] || __die_when_no_java_process_found
# shellcheck disable=SC2086
java_pid_list="$(echo $java_pid_list | tr ' ' ,)" # join with ,
# 1. sort by %cpu by top option `-o %CPU`
# unfortunately, top version 3.2 does not support -o option(supports from top version 3.3+),
# use
# HOME="$tmp_store_dir" top -H -b -n 1
# combined
# sort
# instead of
# HOME="$tmp_store_dir" top -H -b -n 1 -o '%CPU'
# 2. change HOME env var when run top,
# so as to prevent top command output format being change by .toprc user config file unexpectedly
# 3. use option `-d 0.5`(update interval 0.5 second) and `-n 2`(update 2 times),
# and use second time update data to get cpu percentage of thread in 0.5 second interval
# 4. top v3.3, there is 1 black line between 2 update;
# but top v3.2, there is 2 blank lines between 2 update!
local -a top_cmd_line=(top -H -b -d "$cpu_sample_interval" -n 2 -p "$java_pid_list")
# DO NOT combine var ps_out declaration and assignment in ONE line!
local top_out
top_out=$(HOME="$tmp_store_dir" "${top_cmd_line[@]}")
if [ -n "$store_dir" ]; then
echo "$top_out" | logAndCat "${top_cmd_line[@]}" >"${store_file_prefix}$((update_round_num + 1))_top"
fi
# DO NOT combine var result_threads_top_info declaration and assignment in ONE line!
local result_threads_top_info
result_threads_top_info=$(
echo "$top_out" | awk '{
# from text line to empty line, increase block index
if (previousLine && !$0) blockIndex++
# only print 4th text block(blockIndex == 3), aka. process info of second top update
if (blockIndex == 3 && $1 ~ /^[0-9]+$/)
print $1, $9 # $1 is thread id field, $9 is %cpu field
previousLine = $0
}'
)
[ -n "$result_threads_top_info" ] || __die_when_no_java_process_found
echo "$result_threads_top_info" | sort -k2,2nr
}
__complete_pid_user_by_ps() {
# ps output field: pid, thread id(lwp), user
# shellcheck disable=SC2206
local -a ps_cmd_line=(ps $ps_process_select_options -wwLo 'pid,lwp,user' --no-headers)
# DO NOT combine var ps_out declaration and assignment in ONE line!
local ps_out
ps_out="$("${ps_cmd_line[@]}")"
if [ -n "$store_dir" ]; then
echo "$ps_out" | logAndCat "${ps_cmd_line[@]}" >"${store_file_prefix}$((update_round_num + 1))_ps"
fi
local idx=0 threadId pcpu output_fields
while read -r threadId pcpu; do
((count <= 0 || idx < count)) || break
# output field: pid, threadId, pcpu, user
output_fields="$(echo "$ps_out" |
awk -v "threadId=$threadId" -v "pcpu=$pcpu" '$2==threadId {
print $1, threadId, pcpu, $3; exit
}')"
if [ -n "$output_fields" ]; then
((idx++))
echo "$output_fields"
fi
done
}
# output format is same as function findBusyJavaThreadsByPs
findBusyJavaThreadsByTop() {
__top_threadId_cpu | __complete_pid_user_by_ps
}
printStackOfThreads() {
local idx=0 pid threadId pcpu user threadId0x
while read -r pid threadId pcpu user; do
threadId0x="0x$(printf %x "${threadId}")"
((idx++))
local jstackFile="${store_file_prefix}$((update_round_num + 1))_jstack_${pid}"
[ -f "${jstackFile}" ] || {
# shellcheck disable=SC2206
local -a jstack_cmd_line=("$jstack_path" ${force} $mix_native_frames $lock_info ${pid})
if [ "${user}" == "${USER}" ]; then
# run without sudo, when java process user is current user
logAndRun "${jstack_cmd_line[@]}" >"${jstackFile}"
elif [ $UID == 0 ]; then
# if java process user is not current user, must run jstack with sudo
logAndRun sudo -u "${user}" "${jstack_cmd_line[@]}" >"${jstackFile}"
else
# current user is not root user, so can not run with sudo; print error message and rerun suggestion
redPrint "[$idx] Fail to jstack busy(${pcpu}%) thread(${threadId}/${threadId0x}) stack of java process(${pid}) under user(${user})."
redPrint "User of java process($user) is not current user($USER), need sudo to rerun:"
yellowPrint " sudo $(printCallingCommandLine)"
normalPrint
continue
fi || {
redPrint "[$idx] Fail to jstack busy(${pcpu}%) thread(${threadId}/${threadId0x}) stack of java process(${pid}) under user(${user})."
normalPrint
rm "${jstackFile}" &>/dev/null
continue
}
}
bluePrint "[$idx] Busy(${pcpu}%) thread(${threadId}/${threadId0x}) stack of java process(${pid}) under user(${user}):"
if [ -n "$mix_native_frames" ]; then
local sed_script="/--------------- $threadId ---------------/,/^---------------/ {
/--------------- $threadId ---------------/b # skip first separator line
/^---------------/d # delete second separator line
p
}"
elif [ -n "$force" ]; then
local sed_script="/^Thread ${threadId}:/,/^$/ {
/^$/d; p # delete end separator line
}"
else
local sed_script="/ nid=${threadId0x} /,/^$/ {
/^$/d; p # delete end separator line
}"
fi
{
sed "$sed_script" -n "${jstackFile}"
echo
} | tee ${append_file:+-a "$append_file"} ${store_dir:+-a "${store_file_prefix}$PROG"}
done
}
################################################################################
# Main
################################################################################
main() {
local update_round_num
# if update_count <= 0, infinite loop till user interrupted (eg: CTRL+C)
for ((update_round_num = 0; update_count <= 0 || update_round_num < update_count; ++update_round_num)); do
((update_round_num > 0)) && sleep "$update_delay"
[[ -n "$append_file" || -n "$store_dir" ]] && headInfo |
tee ${append_file:+-a "$append_file"} ${store_dir:+-a "${store_file_prefix}$PROG"} >/dev/null
((update_count != 1)) && headInfo
if [ "$cpu_sample_interval" == 0 ]; then
findBusyJavaThreadsByPs
else
findBusyJavaThreadsByTop
fi | printStackOfThreads
done
}
main