diff --git a/CHANGELOG.rst b/CHANGELOG.rst
index 1c6c82b7..9089ceee 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.rst
+++ b/CHANGELOG.rst
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ Fixed
   <https://github.com/omni-us/jsonargparse/pull/743>`__).
 - Linking entire dataclasses on instantiation not working (`#746
   <https://github.com/omni-us/jsonargparse/pull/746>`__).
+- Introspection of postponed annotations from jax not working (`#749
+  <https://github.com/omni-us/jsonargparse/pull/749>`__).
 
 
 v4.40.1 (2025-07-24)
@@ -441,9 +443,8 @@ Added
 - Allow adding config argument with ``action="config"`` avoiding need to import
   action class (`#512
   <https://github.com/omni-us/jsonargparse/pull/512>`__).
-- Allow providing a function with return type a class in ``class_path``
-  (`lightning#13613
-  <https://github.com/Lightning-AI/pytorch-lightning/discussions/13613>`__).
+- Allow providing a function with return type a class in ``class_path`` (`#513
+  <https://github.com/omni-us/jsonargparse/pull/513>`__).
 - Automatic ``--print_shtab`` option when ``shtab`` is installed, providing
   completions for many type hints without the need to modify code (`#528
   <https://github.com/omni-us/jsonargparse/pull/528>`__).
diff --git a/jsonargparse/_postponed_annotations.py b/jsonargparse/_postponed_annotations.py
index 48136e5a..646a4821 100644
--- a/jsonargparse/_postponed_annotations.py
+++ b/jsonargparse/_postponed_annotations.py
@@ -260,7 +260,10 @@ def type_requires_eval(typehint):
 
 
 def get_global_vars(obj: Any, logger: Optional[logging.Logger]) -> dict:
-    global_vars = vars(import_module(obj.__module__))
+    global_vars = obj.__globals__.copy() if hasattr(obj, "__globals__") else {}
+    for key, value in vars(import_module(obj.__module__)).items():  # needed for pydantic-v1
+        if key not in global_vars:
+            global_vars[key] = value
     try:
         module_source = inspect.getsource(sys.modules[obj.__module__]) if obj.__module__ in sys.modules else ""
         if "TYPE_CHECKING" in module_source:
@@ -349,7 +352,7 @@ def evaluate_postponed_annotations(params, component, parent, logger):
 def get_return_type(component, logger=None):
     return_type = inspect.signature(component).return_annotation
     if type_requires_eval(return_type):
-        global_vars = vars(import_module(component.__module__))
+        global_vars = get_global_vars(component, logger)
         try:
             return_type = get_type_hints(component, global_vars)["return"]
             if isinstance(return_type, ForwardRef):
diff --git a/jsonargparse_tests/test_postponed_annotations.py b/jsonargparse_tests/test_postponed_annotations.py
index c7af175a..4eab551f 100644
--- a/jsonargparse_tests/test_postponed_annotations.py
+++ b/jsonargparse_tests/test_postponed_annotations.py
@@ -313,6 +313,8 @@ class DataclassForwardRef:
 
 @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info < (3, 9), reason="not working in python 3.8")
 def test_get_types_type_checking_dataclass_init_forward_ref():
+    import xml.dom
+
     types = get_types(DataclassForwardRef.__init__)
     assert types == {"p1": int, "p2": Optional[xml.dom.Node], "return": type(None)}