diff --git a/.release-please-manifest.json b/.release-please-manifest.json
index 4ad3fef..d661066 100644
--- a/.release-please-manifest.json
+++ b/.release-please-manifest.json
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 {
-  ".": "0.18.0"
+  ".": "0.18.1"
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 81dc488..e9e3348 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,5 +1,14 @@
 # Changelog
 
+## 0.18.1 (2025-11-04)
+
+Full Changelog: [v0.18.0...v0.18.1](https://github.com/onkernel/kernel-python-sdk/compare/v0.18.0...v0.18.1)
+
+### Chores
+
+* **internal/tests:** avoid race condition with implicit client cleanup ([4d011fd](https://github.com/onkernel/kernel-python-sdk/commit/4d011fd41e10e5aaa49bb2447e27b71c8240e205))
+* **internal:** grammar fix (it's -> its) ([fcdf068](https://github.com/onkernel/kernel-python-sdk/commit/fcdf06877b370bf8c2abe047c5dcff7597dfadd9))
+
 ## 0.18.0 (2025-10-30)
 
 Full Changelog: [v0.17.0...v0.18.0](https://github.com/onkernel/kernel-python-sdk/compare/v0.17.0...v0.18.0)
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 737af0a..ecf9c47 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 [project]
 name = "kernel"
-version = "0.18.0"
+version = "0.18.1"
 description = "The official Python library for the kernel API"
 dynamic = ["readme"]
 license = "Apache-2.0"
diff --git a/src/kernel/_utils/_utils.py b/src/kernel/_utils/_utils.py
index 50d5926..eec7f4a 100644
--- a/src/kernel/_utils/_utils.py
+++ b/src/kernel/_utils/_utils.py
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ def is_given(obj: _T | NotGiven | Omit) -> TypeGuard[_T]:
 # Type safe methods for narrowing types with TypeVars.
 # The default narrowing for isinstance(obj, dict) is dict[unknown, unknown],
 # however this cause Pyright to rightfully report errors. As we know we don't
-# care about the contained types we can safely use `object` in it's place.
+# care about the contained types we can safely use `object` in its place.
 #
 # There are two separate functions defined, `is_*` and `is_*_t` for different use cases.
 # `is_*` is for when you're dealing with an unknown input
diff --git a/src/kernel/_version.py b/src/kernel/_version.py
index abb53bd..54a279a 100644
--- a/src/kernel/_version.py
+++ b/src/kernel/_version.py
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 # File generated from our OpenAPI spec by Stainless. See CONTRIBUTING.md for details.
 
 __title__ = "kernel"
-__version__ = "0.18.0"  # x-release-please-version
+__version__ = "0.18.1"  # x-release-please-version
diff --git a/tests/test_client.py b/tests/test_client.py
index 74ffb05..6425811 100644
--- a/tests/test_client.py
+++ b/tests/test_client.py
@@ -59,51 +59,49 @@ def _get_open_connections(client: Kernel | AsyncKernel) -> int:
 
 
 class TestKernel:
-    client = Kernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True)
-
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    def test_raw_response(self, respx_mock: MockRouter) -> None:
+    def test_raw_response(self, respx_mock: MockRouter, client: Kernel) -> None:
         respx_mock.post("/foo").mock(return_value=httpx.Response(200, json={"foo": "bar"}))
 
-        response = self.client.post("/foo", cast_to=httpx.Response)
+        response = client.post("/foo", cast_to=httpx.Response)
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert isinstance(response, httpx.Response)
         assert response.json() == {"foo": "bar"}
 
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    def test_raw_response_for_binary(self, respx_mock: MockRouter) -> None:
+    def test_raw_response_for_binary(self, respx_mock: MockRouter, client: Kernel) -> None:
         respx_mock.post("/foo").mock(
             return_value=httpx.Response(200, headers={"Content-Type": "application/binary"}, content='{"foo": "bar"}')
         )
 
-        response = self.client.post("/foo", cast_to=httpx.Response)
+        response = client.post("/foo", cast_to=httpx.Response)
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert isinstance(response, httpx.Response)
         assert response.json() == {"foo": "bar"}
 
-    def test_copy(self) -> None:
-        copied = self.client.copy()
-        assert id(copied) != id(self.client)
+    def test_copy(self, client: Kernel) -> None:
+        copied = client.copy()
+        assert id(copied) != id(client)
 
-        copied = self.client.copy(api_key="another My API Key")
+        copied = client.copy(api_key="another My API Key")
         assert copied.api_key == "another My API Key"
-        assert self.client.api_key == "My API Key"
+        assert client.api_key == "My API Key"
 
-    def test_copy_default_options(self) -> None:
+    def test_copy_default_options(self, client: Kernel) -> None:
         # options that have a default are overridden correctly
-        copied = self.client.copy(max_retries=7)
+        copied = client.copy(max_retries=7)
         assert copied.max_retries == 7
-        assert self.client.max_retries == 2
+        assert client.max_retries == 2
 
         copied2 = copied.copy(max_retries=6)
         assert copied2.max_retries == 6
         assert copied.max_retries == 7
 
         # timeout
-        assert isinstance(self.client.timeout, httpx.Timeout)
-        copied = self.client.copy(timeout=None)
+        assert isinstance(client.timeout, httpx.Timeout)
+        copied = client.copy(timeout=None)
         assert copied.timeout is None
-        assert isinstance(self.client.timeout, httpx.Timeout)
+        assert isinstance(client.timeout, httpx.Timeout)
 
     def test_copy_default_headers(self) -> None:
         client = Kernel(
@@ -138,6 +136,7 @@ def test_copy_default_headers(self) -> None:
             match="`default_headers` and `set_default_headers` arguments are mutually exclusive",
         ):
             client.copy(set_default_headers={}, default_headers={"X-Foo": "Bar"})
+        client.close()
 
     def test_copy_default_query(self) -> None:
         client = Kernel(
@@ -175,13 +174,15 @@ def test_copy_default_query(self) -> None:
         ):
             client.copy(set_default_query={}, default_query={"foo": "Bar"})
 
-    def test_copy_signature(self) -> None:
+        client.close()
+
+    def test_copy_signature(self, client: Kernel) -> None:
         # ensure the same parameters that can be passed to the client are defined in the `.copy()` method
         init_signature = inspect.signature(
             # mypy doesn't like that we access the `__init__` property.
-            self.client.__init__,  # type: ignore[misc]
+            client.__init__,  # type: ignore[misc]
         )
-        copy_signature = inspect.signature(self.client.copy)
+        copy_signature = inspect.signature(client.copy)
         exclude_params = {"transport", "proxies", "_strict_response_validation"}
 
         for name in init_signature.parameters.keys():
@@ -192,12 +193,12 @@ def test_copy_signature(self) -> None:
             assert copy_param is not None, f"copy() signature is missing the {name} param"
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info >= (3, 10), reason="fails because of a memory leak that started from 3.12")
-    def test_copy_build_request(self) -> None:
+    def test_copy_build_request(self, client: Kernel) -> None:
         options = FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo")
 
         def build_request(options: FinalRequestOptions) -> None:
-            client = self.client.copy()
-            client._build_request(options)
+            client_copy = client.copy()
+            client_copy._build_request(options)
 
         # ensure that the machinery is warmed up before tracing starts.
         build_request(options)
@@ -254,14 +255,12 @@ def add_leak(leaks: list[tracemalloc.StatisticDiff], diff: tracemalloc.Statistic
                     print(frame)
             raise AssertionError()
 
-    def test_request_timeout(self) -> None:
-        request = self.client._build_request(FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo"))
+    def test_request_timeout(self, client: Kernel) -> None:
+        request = client._build_request(FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo"))
         timeout = httpx.Timeout(**request.extensions["timeout"])  # type: ignore
         assert timeout == DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
 
-        request = self.client._build_request(
-            FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo", timeout=httpx.Timeout(100.0))
-        )
+        request = client._build_request(FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo", timeout=httpx.Timeout(100.0)))
         timeout = httpx.Timeout(**request.extensions["timeout"])  # type: ignore
         assert timeout == httpx.Timeout(100.0)
 
@@ -272,6 +271,8 @@ def test_client_timeout_option(self) -> None:
         timeout = httpx.Timeout(**request.extensions["timeout"])  # type: ignore
         assert timeout == httpx.Timeout(0)
 
+        client.close()
+
     def test_http_client_timeout_option(self) -> None:
         # custom timeout given to the httpx client should be used
         with httpx.Client(timeout=None) as http_client:
@@ -283,6 +284,8 @@ def test_http_client_timeout_option(self) -> None:
             timeout = httpx.Timeout(**request.extensions["timeout"])  # type: ignore
             assert timeout == httpx.Timeout(None)
 
+            client.close()
+
         # no timeout given to the httpx client should not use the httpx default
         with httpx.Client() as http_client:
             client = Kernel(
@@ -293,6 +296,8 @@ def test_http_client_timeout_option(self) -> None:
             timeout = httpx.Timeout(**request.extensions["timeout"])  # type: ignore
             assert timeout == DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
 
+            client.close()
+
         # explicitly passing the default timeout currently results in it being ignored
         with httpx.Client(timeout=HTTPX_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT) as http_client:
             client = Kernel(
@@ -303,6 +308,8 @@ def test_http_client_timeout_option(self) -> None:
             timeout = httpx.Timeout(**request.extensions["timeout"])  # type: ignore
             assert timeout == DEFAULT_TIMEOUT  # our default
 
+            client.close()
+
     async def test_invalid_http_client(self) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Invalid `http_client` arg"):
             async with httpx.AsyncClient() as http_client:
@@ -314,14 +321,14 @@ async def test_invalid_http_client(self) -> None:
                 )
 
     def test_default_headers_option(self) -> None:
-        client = Kernel(
+        test_client = Kernel(
             base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True, default_headers={"X-Foo": "bar"}
         )
-        request = client._build_request(FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo"))
+        request = test_client._build_request(FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo"))
         assert request.headers.get("x-foo") == "bar"
         assert request.headers.get("x-stainless-lang") == "python"
 
-        client2 = Kernel(
+        test_client2 = Kernel(
             base_url=base_url,
             api_key=api_key,
             _strict_response_validation=True,
@@ -330,10 +337,13 @@ def test_default_headers_option(self) -> None:
                 "X-Stainless-Lang": "my-overriding-header",
             },
         )
-        request = client2._build_request(FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo"))
+        request = test_client2._build_request(FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo"))
         assert request.headers.get("x-foo") == "stainless"
         assert request.headers.get("x-stainless-lang") == "my-overriding-header"
 
+        test_client.close()
+        test_client2.close()
+
     def test_validate_headers(self) -> None:
         client = Kernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True)
         request = client._build_request(FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo"))
@@ -362,8 +372,10 @@ def test_default_query_option(self) -> None:
         url = httpx.URL(request.url)
         assert dict(url.params) == {"foo": "baz", "query_param": "overridden"}
 
-    def test_request_extra_json(self) -> None:
-        request = self.client._build_request(
+        client.close()
+
+    def test_request_extra_json(self, client: Kernel) -> None:
+        request = client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
                 url="/foo",
@@ -374,7 +386,7 @@ def test_request_extra_json(self) -> None:
         data = json.loads(request.content.decode("utf-8"))
         assert data == {"foo": "bar", "baz": False}
 
-        request = self.client._build_request(
+        request = client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
                 url="/foo",
@@ -385,7 +397,7 @@ def test_request_extra_json(self) -> None:
         assert data == {"baz": False}
 
         # `extra_json` takes priority over `json_data` when keys clash
-        request = self.client._build_request(
+        request = client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
                 url="/foo",
@@ -396,8 +408,8 @@ def test_request_extra_json(self) -> None:
         data = json.loads(request.content.decode("utf-8"))
         assert data == {"foo": "bar", "baz": None}
 
-    def test_request_extra_headers(self) -> None:
-        request = self.client._build_request(
+    def test_request_extra_headers(self, client: Kernel) -> None:
+        request = client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
                 url="/foo",
@@ -407,7 +419,7 @@ def test_request_extra_headers(self) -> None:
         assert request.headers.get("X-Foo") == "Foo"
 
         # `extra_headers` takes priority over `default_headers` when keys clash
-        request = self.client.with_options(default_headers={"X-Bar": "true"})._build_request(
+        request = client.with_options(default_headers={"X-Bar": "true"})._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
                 url="/foo",
@@ -418,8 +430,8 @@ def test_request_extra_headers(self) -> None:
         )
         assert request.headers.get("X-Bar") == "false"
 
-    def test_request_extra_query(self) -> None:
-        request = self.client._build_request(
+    def test_request_extra_query(self, client: Kernel) -> None:
+        request = client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
                 url="/foo",
@@ -432,7 +444,7 @@ def test_request_extra_query(self) -> None:
         assert params == {"my_query_param": "Foo"}
 
         # if both `query` and `extra_query` are given, they are merged
-        request = self.client._build_request(
+        request = client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
                 url="/foo",
@@ -446,7 +458,7 @@ def test_request_extra_query(self) -> None:
         assert params == {"bar": "1", "foo": "2"}
 
         # `extra_query` takes priority over `query` when keys clash
-        request = self.client._build_request(
+        request = client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
                 url="/foo",
@@ -489,7 +501,7 @@ def test_multipart_repeating_array(self, client: Kernel) -> None:
         ]
 
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    def test_basic_union_response(self, respx_mock: MockRouter) -> None:
+    def test_basic_union_response(self, respx_mock: MockRouter, client: Kernel) -> None:
         class Model1(BaseModel):
             name: str
 
@@ -498,12 +510,12 @@ class Model2(BaseModel):
 
         respx_mock.get("/foo").mock(return_value=httpx.Response(200, json={"foo": "bar"}))
 
-        response = self.client.get("/foo", cast_to=cast(Any, Union[Model1, Model2]))
+        response = client.get("/foo", cast_to=cast(Any, Union[Model1, Model2]))
         assert isinstance(response, Model2)
         assert response.foo == "bar"
 
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    def test_union_response_different_types(self, respx_mock: MockRouter) -> None:
+    def test_union_response_different_types(self, respx_mock: MockRouter, client: Kernel) -> None:
         """Union of objects with the same field name using a different type"""
 
         class Model1(BaseModel):
@@ -514,18 +526,18 @@ class Model2(BaseModel):
 
         respx_mock.get("/foo").mock(return_value=httpx.Response(200, json={"foo": "bar"}))
 
-        response = self.client.get("/foo", cast_to=cast(Any, Union[Model1, Model2]))
+        response = client.get("/foo", cast_to=cast(Any, Union[Model1, Model2]))
         assert isinstance(response, Model2)
         assert response.foo == "bar"
 
         respx_mock.get("/foo").mock(return_value=httpx.Response(200, json={"foo": 1}))
 
-        response = self.client.get("/foo", cast_to=cast(Any, Union[Model1, Model2]))
+        response = client.get("/foo", cast_to=cast(Any, Union[Model1, Model2]))
         assert isinstance(response, Model1)
         assert response.foo == 1
 
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    def test_non_application_json_content_type_for_json_data(self, respx_mock: MockRouter) -> None:
+    def test_non_application_json_content_type_for_json_data(self, respx_mock: MockRouter, client: Kernel) -> None:
         """
         Response that sets Content-Type to something other than application/json but returns json data
         """
@@ -541,7 +553,7 @@ class Model(BaseModel):
             )
         )
 
-        response = self.client.get("/foo", cast_to=Model)
+        response = client.get("/foo", cast_to=Model)
         assert isinstance(response, Model)
         assert response.foo == 2
 
@@ -553,6 +565,8 @@ def test_base_url_setter(self) -> None:
 
         assert client.base_url == "https://example.com/from_setter/"
 
+        client.close()
+
     def test_base_url_env(self) -> None:
         with update_env(KERNEL_BASE_URL="http://localhost:5000/from/env"):
             client = Kernel(api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True)
@@ -566,6 +580,8 @@ def test_base_url_env(self) -> None:
             client = Kernel(base_url=None, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True, environment="production")
             assert str(client.base_url).startswith("https://api.onkernel.com/")
 
+            client.close()
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "client",
         [
@@ -588,6 +604,7 @@ def test_base_url_trailing_slash(self, client: Kernel) -> None:
             ),
         )
         assert request.url == "http://localhost:5000/custom/path/foo"
+        client.close()
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "client",
@@ -611,6 +628,7 @@ def test_base_url_no_trailing_slash(self, client: Kernel) -> None:
             ),
         )
         assert request.url == "http://localhost:5000/custom/path/foo"
+        client.close()
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "client",
@@ -634,35 +652,36 @@ def test_absolute_request_url(self, client: Kernel) -> None:
             ),
         )
         assert request.url == "https://myapi.com/foo"
+        client.close()
 
     def test_copied_client_does_not_close_http(self) -> None:
-        client = Kernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True)
-        assert not client.is_closed()
+        test_client = Kernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True)
+        assert not test_client.is_closed()
 
-        copied = client.copy()
-        assert copied is not client
+        copied = test_client.copy()
+        assert copied is not test_client
 
         del copied
 
-        assert not client.is_closed()
+        assert not test_client.is_closed()
 
     def test_client_context_manager(self) -> None:
-        client = Kernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True)
-        with client as c2:
-            assert c2 is client
+        test_client = Kernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True)
+        with test_client as c2:
+            assert c2 is test_client
             assert not c2.is_closed()
-            assert not client.is_closed()
-        assert client.is_closed()
+            assert not test_client.is_closed()
+        assert test_client.is_closed()
 
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    def test_client_response_validation_error(self, respx_mock: MockRouter) -> None:
+    def test_client_response_validation_error(self, respx_mock: MockRouter, client: Kernel) -> None:
         class Model(BaseModel):
             foo: str
 
         respx_mock.get("/foo").mock(return_value=httpx.Response(200, json={"foo": {"invalid": True}}))
 
         with pytest.raises(APIResponseValidationError) as exc:
-            self.client.get("/foo", cast_to=Model)
+            client.get("/foo", cast_to=Model)
 
         assert isinstance(exc.value.__cause__, ValidationError)
 
@@ -682,11 +701,14 @@ class Model(BaseModel):
         with pytest.raises(APIResponseValidationError):
             strict_client.get("/foo", cast_to=Model)
 
-        client = Kernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=False)
+        non_strict_client = Kernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=False)
 
-        response = client.get("/foo", cast_to=Model)
+        response = non_strict_client.get("/foo", cast_to=Model)
         assert isinstance(response, str)  # type: ignore[unreachable]
 
+        strict_client.close()
+        non_strict_client.close()
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "remaining_retries,retry_after,timeout",
         [
@@ -709,9 +731,9 @@ class Model(BaseModel):
         ],
     )
     @mock.patch("time.time", mock.MagicMock(return_value=1696004797))
-    def test_parse_retry_after_header(self, remaining_retries: int, retry_after: str, timeout: float) -> None:
-        client = Kernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True)
-
+    def test_parse_retry_after_header(
+        self, remaining_retries: int, retry_after: str, timeout: float, client: Kernel
+    ) -> None:
         headers = httpx.Headers({"retry-after": retry_after})
         options = FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo", max_retries=3)
         calculated = client._calculate_retry_timeout(remaining_retries, options, headers)
@@ -726,7 +748,7 @@ def test_retrying_timeout_errors_doesnt_leak(self, respx_mock: MockRouter, clien
         with pytest.raises(APITimeoutError):
             client.browsers.with_streaming_response.create().__enter__()
 
-        assert _get_open_connections(self.client) == 0
+        assert _get_open_connections(client) == 0
 
     @pytest.mark.skip() # SDK-2615
     @mock.patch("kernel._base_client.BaseClient._calculate_retry_timeout", _low_retry_timeout)
@@ -736,7 +758,7 @@ def test_retrying_status_errors_doesnt_leak(self, respx_mock: MockRouter, client
 
         with pytest.raises(APIStatusError):
             client.browsers.with_streaming_response.create().__enter__()
-        assert _get_open_connections(self.client) == 0
+        assert _get_open_connections(client) == 0
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("failures_before_success", [0, 2, 4])
     @mock.patch("kernel._base_client.BaseClient._calculate_retry_timeout", _low_retry_timeout)
@@ -838,83 +860,77 @@ def test_default_client_creation(self) -> None:
         )
 
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    def test_follow_redirects(self, respx_mock: MockRouter) -> None:
+    def test_follow_redirects(self, respx_mock: MockRouter, client: Kernel) -> None:
         # Test that the default follow_redirects=True allows following redirects
         respx_mock.post("/redirect").mock(
             return_value=httpx.Response(302, headers={"Location": f"{base_url}/redirected"})
         )
         respx_mock.get("/redirected").mock(return_value=httpx.Response(200, json={"status": "ok"}))
 
-        response = self.client.post("/redirect", body={"key": "value"}, cast_to=httpx.Response)
+        response = client.post("/redirect", body={"key": "value"}, cast_to=httpx.Response)
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert response.json() == {"status": "ok"}
 
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    def test_follow_redirects_disabled(self, respx_mock: MockRouter) -> None:
+    def test_follow_redirects_disabled(self, respx_mock: MockRouter, client: Kernel) -> None:
         # Test that follow_redirects=False prevents following redirects
         respx_mock.post("/redirect").mock(
             return_value=httpx.Response(302, headers={"Location": f"{base_url}/redirected"})
         )
 
         with pytest.raises(APIStatusError) as exc_info:
-            self.client.post(
-                "/redirect", body={"key": "value"}, options={"follow_redirects": False}, cast_to=httpx.Response
-            )
+            client.post("/redirect", body={"key": "value"}, options={"follow_redirects": False}, cast_to=httpx.Response)
 
         assert exc_info.value.response.status_code == 302
         assert exc_info.value.response.headers["Location"] == f"{base_url}/redirected"
 
 
 class TestAsyncKernel:
-    client = AsyncKernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True)
-
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    async def test_raw_response(self, respx_mock: MockRouter) -> None:
+    async def test_raw_response(self, respx_mock: MockRouter, async_client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
         respx_mock.post("/foo").mock(return_value=httpx.Response(200, json={"foo": "bar"}))
 
-        response = await self.client.post("/foo", cast_to=httpx.Response)
+        response = await async_client.post("/foo", cast_to=httpx.Response)
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert isinstance(response, httpx.Response)
         assert response.json() == {"foo": "bar"}
 
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    async def test_raw_response_for_binary(self, respx_mock: MockRouter) -> None:
+    async def test_raw_response_for_binary(self, respx_mock: MockRouter, async_client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
         respx_mock.post("/foo").mock(
             return_value=httpx.Response(200, headers={"Content-Type": "application/binary"}, content='{"foo": "bar"}')
         )
 
-        response = await self.client.post("/foo", cast_to=httpx.Response)
+        response = await async_client.post("/foo", cast_to=httpx.Response)
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert isinstance(response, httpx.Response)
         assert response.json() == {"foo": "bar"}
 
-    def test_copy(self) -> None:
-        copied = self.client.copy()
-        assert id(copied) != id(self.client)
+    def test_copy(self, async_client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
+        copied = async_client.copy()
+        assert id(copied) != id(async_client)
 
-        copied = self.client.copy(api_key="another My API Key")
+        copied = async_client.copy(api_key="another My API Key")
         assert copied.api_key == "another My API Key"
-        assert self.client.api_key == "My API Key"
+        assert async_client.api_key == "My API Key"
 
-    def test_copy_default_options(self) -> None:
+    def test_copy_default_options(self, async_client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
         # options that have a default are overridden correctly
-        copied = self.client.copy(max_retries=7)
+        copied = async_client.copy(max_retries=7)
         assert copied.max_retries == 7
-        assert self.client.max_retries == 2
+        assert async_client.max_retries == 2
 
         copied2 = copied.copy(max_retries=6)
         assert copied2.max_retries == 6
         assert copied.max_retries == 7
 
         # timeout
-        assert isinstance(self.client.timeout, httpx.Timeout)
-        copied = self.client.copy(timeout=None)
+        assert isinstance(async_client.timeout, httpx.Timeout)
+        copied = async_client.copy(timeout=None)
         assert copied.timeout is None
-        assert isinstance(self.client.timeout, httpx.Timeout)
+        assert isinstance(async_client.timeout, httpx.Timeout)
 
-    def test_copy_default_headers(self) -> None:
+    async def test_copy_default_headers(self) -> None:
         client = AsyncKernel(
             base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True, default_headers={"X-Foo": "bar"}
         )
@@ -947,8 +963,9 @@ def test_copy_default_headers(self) -> None:
             match="`default_headers` and `set_default_headers` arguments are mutually exclusive",
         ):
             client.copy(set_default_headers={}, default_headers={"X-Foo": "Bar"})
+        await client.close()
 
-    def test_copy_default_query(self) -> None:
+    async def test_copy_default_query(self) -> None:
         client = AsyncKernel(
             base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True, default_query={"foo": "bar"}
         )
@@ -984,13 +1001,15 @@ def test_copy_default_query(self) -> None:
         ):
             client.copy(set_default_query={}, default_query={"foo": "Bar"})
 
-    def test_copy_signature(self) -> None:
+        await client.close()
+
+    def test_copy_signature(self, async_client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
         # ensure the same parameters that can be passed to the client are defined in the `.copy()` method
         init_signature = inspect.signature(
             # mypy doesn't like that we access the `__init__` property.
-            self.client.__init__,  # type: ignore[misc]
+            async_client.__init__,  # type: ignore[misc]
         )
-        copy_signature = inspect.signature(self.client.copy)
+        copy_signature = inspect.signature(async_client.copy)
         exclude_params = {"transport", "proxies", "_strict_response_validation"}
 
         for name in init_signature.parameters.keys():
@@ -1001,12 +1020,12 @@ def test_copy_signature(self) -> None:
             assert copy_param is not None, f"copy() signature is missing the {name} param"
 
     @pytest.mark.skipif(sys.version_info >= (3, 10), reason="fails because of a memory leak that started from 3.12")
-    def test_copy_build_request(self) -> None:
+    def test_copy_build_request(self, async_client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
         options = FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo")
 
         def build_request(options: FinalRequestOptions) -> None:
-            client = self.client.copy()
-            client._build_request(options)
+            client_copy = async_client.copy()
+            client_copy._build_request(options)
 
         # ensure that the machinery is warmed up before tracing starts.
         build_request(options)
@@ -1063,12 +1082,12 @@ def add_leak(leaks: list[tracemalloc.StatisticDiff], diff: tracemalloc.Statistic
                     print(frame)
             raise AssertionError()
 
-    async def test_request_timeout(self) -> None:
-        request = self.client._build_request(FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo"))
+    async def test_request_timeout(self, async_client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
+        request = async_client._build_request(FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo"))
         timeout = httpx.Timeout(**request.extensions["timeout"])  # type: ignore
         assert timeout == DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
 
-        request = self.client._build_request(
+        request = async_client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo", timeout=httpx.Timeout(100.0))
         )
         timeout = httpx.Timeout(**request.extensions["timeout"])  # type: ignore
@@ -1083,6 +1102,8 @@ async def test_client_timeout_option(self) -> None:
         timeout = httpx.Timeout(**request.extensions["timeout"])  # type: ignore
         assert timeout == httpx.Timeout(0)
 
+        await client.close()
+
     async def test_http_client_timeout_option(self) -> None:
         # custom timeout given to the httpx client should be used
         async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=None) as http_client:
@@ -1094,6 +1115,8 @@ async def test_http_client_timeout_option(self) -> None:
             timeout = httpx.Timeout(**request.extensions["timeout"])  # type: ignore
             assert timeout == httpx.Timeout(None)
 
+            await client.close()
+
         # no timeout given to the httpx client should not use the httpx default
         async with httpx.AsyncClient() as http_client:
             client = AsyncKernel(
@@ -1104,6 +1127,8 @@ async def test_http_client_timeout_option(self) -> None:
             timeout = httpx.Timeout(**request.extensions["timeout"])  # type: ignore
             assert timeout == DEFAULT_TIMEOUT
 
+            await client.close()
+
         # explicitly passing the default timeout currently results in it being ignored
         async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=HTTPX_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT) as http_client:
             client = AsyncKernel(
@@ -1114,6 +1139,8 @@ async def test_http_client_timeout_option(self) -> None:
             timeout = httpx.Timeout(**request.extensions["timeout"])  # type: ignore
             assert timeout == DEFAULT_TIMEOUT  # our default
 
+            await client.close()
+
     def test_invalid_http_client(self) -> None:
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Invalid `http_client` arg"):
             with httpx.Client() as http_client:
@@ -1124,15 +1151,15 @@ def test_invalid_http_client(self) -> None:
                     http_client=cast(Any, http_client),
                 )
 
-    def test_default_headers_option(self) -> None:
-        client = AsyncKernel(
+    async def test_default_headers_option(self) -> None:
+        test_client = AsyncKernel(
             base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True, default_headers={"X-Foo": "bar"}
         )
-        request = client._build_request(FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo"))
+        request = test_client._build_request(FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo"))
         assert request.headers.get("x-foo") == "bar"
         assert request.headers.get("x-stainless-lang") == "python"
 
-        client2 = AsyncKernel(
+        test_client2 = AsyncKernel(
             base_url=base_url,
             api_key=api_key,
             _strict_response_validation=True,
@@ -1141,10 +1168,13 @@ def test_default_headers_option(self) -> None:
                 "X-Stainless-Lang": "my-overriding-header",
             },
         )
-        request = client2._build_request(FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo"))
+        request = test_client2._build_request(FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo"))
         assert request.headers.get("x-foo") == "stainless"
         assert request.headers.get("x-stainless-lang") == "my-overriding-header"
 
+        await test_client.close()
+        await test_client2.close()
+
     def test_validate_headers(self) -> None:
         client = AsyncKernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True)
         request = client._build_request(FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo"))
@@ -1155,7 +1185,7 @@ def test_validate_headers(self) -> None:
                 client2 = AsyncKernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=None, _strict_response_validation=True)
             _ = client2
 
-    def test_default_query_option(self) -> None:
+    async def test_default_query_option(self) -> None:
         client = AsyncKernel(
             base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True, default_query={"query_param": "bar"}
         )
@@ -1173,8 +1203,10 @@ def test_default_query_option(self) -> None:
         url = httpx.URL(request.url)
         assert dict(url.params) == {"foo": "baz", "query_param": "overridden"}
 
-    def test_request_extra_json(self) -> None:
-        request = self.client._build_request(
+        await client.close()
+
+    def test_request_extra_json(self, client: Kernel) -> None:
+        request = client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
                 url="/foo",
@@ -1185,7 +1217,7 @@ def test_request_extra_json(self) -> None:
         data = json.loads(request.content.decode("utf-8"))
         assert data == {"foo": "bar", "baz": False}
 
-        request = self.client._build_request(
+        request = client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
                 url="/foo",
@@ -1196,7 +1228,7 @@ def test_request_extra_json(self) -> None:
         assert data == {"baz": False}
 
         # `extra_json` takes priority over `json_data` when keys clash
-        request = self.client._build_request(
+        request = client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
                 url="/foo",
@@ -1207,8 +1239,8 @@ def test_request_extra_json(self) -> None:
         data = json.loads(request.content.decode("utf-8"))
         assert data == {"foo": "bar", "baz": None}
 
-    def test_request_extra_headers(self) -> None:
-        request = self.client._build_request(
+    def test_request_extra_headers(self, client: Kernel) -> None:
+        request = client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
                 url="/foo",
@@ -1218,7 +1250,7 @@ def test_request_extra_headers(self) -> None:
         assert request.headers.get("X-Foo") == "Foo"
 
         # `extra_headers` takes priority over `default_headers` when keys clash
-        request = self.client.with_options(default_headers={"X-Bar": "true"})._build_request(
+        request = client.with_options(default_headers={"X-Bar": "true"})._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
                 url="/foo",
@@ -1229,8 +1261,8 @@ def test_request_extra_headers(self) -> None:
         )
         assert request.headers.get("X-Bar") == "false"
 
-    def test_request_extra_query(self) -> None:
-        request = self.client._build_request(
+    def test_request_extra_query(self, client: Kernel) -> None:
+        request = client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
                 url="/foo",
@@ -1243,7 +1275,7 @@ def test_request_extra_query(self) -> None:
         assert params == {"my_query_param": "Foo"}
 
         # if both `query` and `extra_query` are given, they are merged
-        request = self.client._build_request(
+        request = client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
                 url="/foo",
@@ -1257,7 +1289,7 @@ def test_request_extra_query(self) -> None:
         assert params == {"bar": "1", "foo": "2"}
 
         # `extra_query` takes priority over `query` when keys clash
-        request = self.client._build_request(
+        request = client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
                 url="/foo",
@@ -1300,7 +1332,7 @@ def test_multipart_repeating_array(self, async_client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
         ]
 
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    async def test_basic_union_response(self, respx_mock: MockRouter) -> None:
+    async def test_basic_union_response(self, respx_mock: MockRouter, async_client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
         class Model1(BaseModel):
             name: str
 
@@ -1309,12 +1341,12 @@ class Model2(BaseModel):
 
         respx_mock.get("/foo").mock(return_value=httpx.Response(200, json={"foo": "bar"}))
 
-        response = await self.client.get("/foo", cast_to=cast(Any, Union[Model1, Model2]))
+        response = await async_client.get("/foo", cast_to=cast(Any, Union[Model1, Model2]))
         assert isinstance(response, Model2)
         assert response.foo == "bar"
 
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    async def test_union_response_different_types(self, respx_mock: MockRouter) -> None:
+    async def test_union_response_different_types(self, respx_mock: MockRouter, async_client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
         """Union of objects with the same field name using a different type"""
 
         class Model1(BaseModel):
@@ -1325,18 +1357,20 @@ class Model2(BaseModel):
 
         respx_mock.get("/foo").mock(return_value=httpx.Response(200, json={"foo": "bar"}))
 
-        response = await self.client.get("/foo", cast_to=cast(Any, Union[Model1, Model2]))
+        response = await async_client.get("/foo", cast_to=cast(Any, Union[Model1, Model2]))
         assert isinstance(response, Model2)
         assert response.foo == "bar"
 
         respx_mock.get("/foo").mock(return_value=httpx.Response(200, json={"foo": 1}))
 
-        response = await self.client.get("/foo", cast_to=cast(Any, Union[Model1, Model2]))
+        response = await async_client.get("/foo", cast_to=cast(Any, Union[Model1, Model2]))
         assert isinstance(response, Model1)
         assert response.foo == 1
 
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    async def test_non_application_json_content_type_for_json_data(self, respx_mock: MockRouter) -> None:
+    async def test_non_application_json_content_type_for_json_data(
+        self, respx_mock: MockRouter, async_client: AsyncKernel
+    ) -> None:
         """
         Response that sets Content-Type to something other than application/json but returns json data
         """
@@ -1352,11 +1386,11 @@ class Model(BaseModel):
             )
         )
 
-        response = await self.client.get("/foo", cast_to=Model)
+        response = await async_client.get("/foo", cast_to=Model)
         assert isinstance(response, Model)
         assert response.foo == 2
 
-    def test_base_url_setter(self) -> None:
+    async def test_base_url_setter(self) -> None:
         client = AsyncKernel(
             base_url="https://example.com/from_init", api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True
         )
@@ -1366,7 +1400,9 @@ def test_base_url_setter(self) -> None:
 
         assert client.base_url == "https://example.com/from_setter/"
 
-    def test_base_url_env(self) -> None:
+        await client.close()
+
+    async def test_base_url_env(self) -> None:
         with update_env(KERNEL_BASE_URL="http://localhost:5000/from/env"):
             client = AsyncKernel(api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True)
             assert client.base_url == "http://localhost:5000/from/env/"
@@ -1381,6 +1417,8 @@ def test_base_url_env(self) -> None:
             )
             assert str(client.base_url).startswith("https://api.onkernel.com/")
 
+            await client.close()
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "client",
         [
@@ -1396,7 +1434,7 @@ def test_base_url_env(self) -> None:
         ],
         ids=["standard", "custom http client"],
     )
-    def test_base_url_trailing_slash(self, client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
+    async def test_base_url_trailing_slash(self, client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
         request = client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
@@ -1405,6 +1443,7 @@ def test_base_url_trailing_slash(self, client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
             ),
         )
         assert request.url == "http://localhost:5000/custom/path/foo"
+        await client.close()
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "client",
@@ -1421,7 +1460,7 @@ def test_base_url_trailing_slash(self, client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
         ],
         ids=["standard", "custom http client"],
     )
-    def test_base_url_no_trailing_slash(self, client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
+    async def test_base_url_no_trailing_slash(self, client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
         request = client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
@@ -1430,6 +1469,7 @@ def test_base_url_no_trailing_slash(self, client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
             ),
         )
         assert request.url == "http://localhost:5000/custom/path/foo"
+        await client.close()
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "client",
@@ -1446,7 +1486,7 @@ def test_base_url_no_trailing_slash(self, client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
         ],
         ids=["standard", "custom http client"],
     )
-    def test_absolute_request_url(self, client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
+    async def test_absolute_request_url(self, client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
         request = client._build_request(
             FinalRequestOptions(
                 method="post",
@@ -1455,37 +1495,37 @@ def test_absolute_request_url(self, client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
             ),
         )
         assert request.url == "https://myapi.com/foo"
+        await client.close()
 
     async def test_copied_client_does_not_close_http(self) -> None:
-        client = AsyncKernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True)
-        assert not client.is_closed()
+        test_client = AsyncKernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True)
+        assert not test_client.is_closed()
 
-        copied = client.copy()
-        assert copied is not client
+        copied = test_client.copy()
+        assert copied is not test_client
 
         del copied
 
         await asyncio.sleep(0.2)
-        assert not client.is_closed()
+        assert not test_client.is_closed()
 
     async def test_client_context_manager(self) -> None:
-        client = AsyncKernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True)
-        async with client as c2:
-            assert c2 is client
+        test_client = AsyncKernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True)
+        async with test_client as c2:
+            assert c2 is test_client
             assert not c2.is_closed()
-            assert not client.is_closed()
-        assert client.is_closed()
+            assert not test_client.is_closed()
+        assert test_client.is_closed()
 
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    async def test_client_response_validation_error(self, respx_mock: MockRouter) -> None:
+    async def test_client_response_validation_error(self, respx_mock: MockRouter, async_client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
         class Model(BaseModel):
             foo: str
 
         respx_mock.get("/foo").mock(return_value=httpx.Response(200, json={"foo": {"invalid": True}}))
 
         with pytest.raises(APIResponseValidationError) as exc:
-            await self.client.get("/foo", cast_to=Model)
+            await async_client.get("/foo", cast_to=Model)
 
         assert isinstance(exc.value.__cause__, ValidationError)
 
@@ -1496,7 +1536,6 @@ async def test_client_max_retries_validation(self) -> None:
             )
 
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    @pytest.mark.asyncio
     async def test_received_text_for_expected_json(self, respx_mock: MockRouter) -> None:
         class Model(BaseModel):
             name: str
@@ -1508,11 +1547,14 @@ class Model(BaseModel):
         with pytest.raises(APIResponseValidationError):
             await strict_client.get("/foo", cast_to=Model)
 
-        client = AsyncKernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=False)
+        non_strict_client = AsyncKernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=False)
 
-        response = await client.get("/foo", cast_to=Model)
+        response = await non_strict_client.get("/foo", cast_to=Model)
         assert isinstance(response, str)  # type: ignore[unreachable]
 
+        await strict_client.close()
+        await non_strict_client.close()
+
     @pytest.mark.parametrize(
         "remaining_retries,retry_after,timeout",
         [
@@ -1535,13 +1577,12 @@ class Model(BaseModel):
         ],
     )
     @mock.patch("time.time", mock.MagicMock(return_value=1696004797))
-    @pytest.mark.asyncio
-    async def test_parse_retry_after_header(self, remaining_retries: int, retry_after: str, timeout: float) -> None:
-        client = AsyncKernel(base_url=base_url, api_key=api_key, _strict_response_validation=True)
-
+    async def test_parse_retry_after_header(
+        self, remaining_retries: int, retry_after: str, timeout: float, async_client: AsyncKernel
+    ) -> None:
         headers = httpx.Headers({"retry-after": retry_after})
         options = FinalRequestOptions(method="get", url="/foo", max_retries=3)
-        calculated = client._calculate_retry_timeout(remaining_retries, options, headers)
+        calculated = async_client._calculate_retry_timeout(remaining_retries, options, headers)
         assert calculated == pytest.approx(timeout, 0.5 * 0.875)  # pyright: ignore[reportUnknownMemberType]
 
     @pytest.mark.skip() # SDK-2615
@@ -1553,7 +1594,7 @@ async def test_retrying_timeout_errors_doesnt_leak(self, respx_mock: MockRouter,
         with pytest.raises(APITimeoutError):
             await async_client.browsers.with_streaming_response.create().__aenter__()
 
-        assert _get_open_connections(self.client) == 0
+        assert _get_open_connections(async_client) == 0
 
     @pytest.mark.skip() # SDK-2615
     @mock.patch("kernel._base_client.BaseClient._calculate_retry_timeout", _low_retry_timeout)
@@ -1563,12 +1604,11 @@ async def test_retrying_status_errors_doesnt_leak(self, respx_mock: MockRouter,
 
         with pytest.raises(APIStatusError):
             await async_client.browsers.with_streaming_response.create().__aenter__()
-        assert _get_open_connections(self.client) == 0
+        assert _get_open_connections(async_client) == 0
 
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("failures_before_success", [0, 2, 4])
     @mock.patch("kernel._base_client.BaseClient._calculate_retry_timeout", _low_retry_timeout)
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    @pytest.mark.asyncio
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("failure_mode", ["status", "exception"])
     async def test_retries_taken(
         self,
@@ -1600,7 +1640,6 @@ def retry_handler(_request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("failures_before_success", [0, 2, 4])
     @mock.patch("kernel._base_client.BaseClient._calculate_retry_timeout", _low_retry_timeout)
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    @pytest.mark.asyncio
     async def test_omit_retry_count_header(
         self, async_client: AsyncKernel, failures_before_success: int, respx_mock: MockRouter
     ) -> None:
@@ -1624,7 +1663,6 @@ def retry_handler(_request: httpx.Request) -> httpx.Response:
     @pytest.mark.parametrize("failures_before_success", [0, 2, 4])
     @mock.patch("kernel._base_client.BaseClient._calculate_retry_timeout", _low_retry_timeout)
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    @pytest.mark.asyncio
     async def test_overwrite_retry_count_header(
         self, async_client: AsyncKernel, failures_before_success: int, respx_mock: MockRouter
     ) -> None:
@@ -1672,26 +1710,26 @@ async def test_default_client_creation(self) -> None:
         )
 
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    async def test_follow_redirects(self, respx_mock: MockRouter) -> None:
+    async def test_follow_redirects(self, respx_mock: MockRouter, async_client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
         # Test that the default follow_redirects=True allows following redirects
         respx_mock.post("/redirect").mock(
             return_value=httpx.Response(302, headers={"Location": f"{base_url}/redirected"})
         )
         respx_mock.get("/redirected").mock(return_value=httpx.Response(200, json={"status": "ok"}))
 
-        response = await self.client.post("/redirect", body={"key": "value"}, cast_to=httpx.Response)
+        response = await async_client.post("/redirect", body={"key": "value"}, cast_to=httpx.Response)
         assert response.status_code == 200
         assert response.json() == {"status": "ok"}
 
     @pytest.mark.respx(base_url=base_url)
-    async def test_follow_redirects_disabled(self, respx_mock: MockRouter) -> None:
+    async def test_follow_redirects_disabled(self, respx_mock: MockRouter, async_client: AsyncKernel) -> None:
         # Test that follow_redirects=False prevents following redirects
         respx_mock.post("/redirect").mock(
             return_value=httpx.Response(302, headers={"Location": f"{base_url}/redirected"})
         )
 
         with pytest.raises(APIStatusError) as exc_info:
-            await self.client.post(
+            await async_client.post(
                 "/redirect", body={"key": "value"}, options={"follow_redirects": False}, cast_to=httpx.Response
             )