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Geography.kif
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9211 lines (7469 loc) · 306 KB
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;;; Ontology of Geography ;;;
;; Access to and use of these products is governed by the GNU General Public
;; License <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html>.
;; By using these products, you agree to be bound by the terms
;; of the GPL.
;; Contact Adam Pease (apease [at] articulatesoftware.com).
;; We ask that people using or referencing this work cite our primary paper:
;; Niles, I., and Pease, A. 2001. Towards a Standard Upper Ontology. In
;; Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Formal Ontology in
;; Information Systems (FOIS-2001), Chris Welty and Barry Smith, eds,
;; Ogunquit, Maine, October 17-19, 2001. See also http://www.ontologyportal.org
;; Authors: Deborah Nichols
;; Part I incorporates some material by Doug Wulf.
;; Part II incorporates some material from earlier Terrain.kif
;; by Olga Babko_Malaya.
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------
;; Ontology dependencies for Geography.kif: Merge.txt, elements.kif
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------
;; Outline
;; I. Geography Terms for the CIA World Fact Book
;; A. Location
;; B. Geographic coordinates
;; C. Map references
;; D. Area
;; E. Area - comparative
;; F. Land boundaries
;; G. Coastline
;; H. Maritime claims
;; I. Climate
;; J. Terrain
;; K. Elevation extremes
;; L. Natural resources
;; M. Land use
;; N. Irrigated land
;; O. Natural hazards
;; P. Environment - current issues
;; Q. Environment - international agreements
;; R. Geography - note
;;
;; II. General Geography Terms and Background
;; A. Planet Geography & Astronomical Bodies
;; B. Directions and Distances
;; C. Land Forms
;; D. Water Areas
;; 1. Oceans & Seas
;; 2. Tides & Currents
;; 3. Water Subregions
;; 4. Fresh Water Areas
;; E. Coastal and Shoreline Areas
;; F. Air and Atmosphere
;; G. Weather & Climate
;; H. Vegetation and Biomes
;; I. Natural Disasters
;; J. Environmental Areas of Concern
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------
;; GEOGRAPHY ONTOLOGY
;;-----------------------------------------------------------------------
;; I. Geography Terms for the CIA World Fact Book
;; A. Location
;; Identifies regional location of a country, neighbors & adjacent waters.
; Regions used by 2002 CIA WFB to describe country locations:
(instance CentralAfrica GeographicArea)
(instance EasternAfrica GeographicArea)
(instance NorthernAfrica GeographicArea)
(instance SouthernAfrica GeographicArea)
(instance WesternAfrica GeographicArea)
(instance MiddleEastRegion GeographicArea)
(instance CentralEurope GeographicArea)
(instance EasternEurope GeographicArea)
(instance NorthernEurope GeographicArea)
(instance SouthernEurope GeographicArea)
(instance WesternEurope GeographicArea)
(instance SoutheasternEurope GeographicArea)
(instance SouthwesternEurope GeographicArea)
(instance NorthAmerica GeographicArea)
(instance NorthernNorthAmerica GeographicArea)
(instance CaribbeanRegion GeographicArea)
(instance MiddleAmerica GeographicArea)
(instance CentralSouthAmerica GeographicArea)
(instance EasternSouthAmerica GeographicArea)
(instance NorthernSouthAmerica GeographicArea)
(instance SouthernSouthAmerica GeographicArea)
(instance WesternSouthAmerica GeographicArea)
(instance CentralAsia GeographicArea)
(instance EasternAsia GeographicArea)
(instance NorthernAsia GeographicArea)
(instance SouthernAsia GeographicArea)
(instance SoutheasternAsia GeographicArea)
(instance SouthwesternAsia GeographicArea)
(instance Oceania GeographicArea)
(names "Central Africa" CentralAfrica)
(names "Eastern Africa" EasternAfrica)
(names "Northern Africa" NorthernAfrica)
(names "Southern Africa" SouthernAfrica)
(names "Western Africa" WesternAfrica)
(names "Middle East" MiddleEastRegion)
(names "Central Europe" CentralEurope)
(names "Eastern Europe" EasternEurope)
(names "Northern Europe" NorthernEurope)
(names "Southern Europe" SouthernEurope)
(names "Western Europe" WesternEurope)
(names "Southeastern Europe" SoutheasternEurope)
(names "Southwestern Europe" SouthwesternEurope)
(names "North America" NorthAmerica)
(names "Northern North America" NorthernNorthAmerica)
(names "Caribbean Region" CaribbeanRegion)
(names "Caribbean" CaribbeanRegion)
(names "Middle America" MiddleAmerica)
(names "Central South America" CentralSouthAmerica)
(names "Eastern South America" EasternSouthAmerica)
(names "Northern South America" NorthernSouthAmerica)
(names "Southern South America" SouthernSouthAmerica)
(names "Western South America" WesternSouthAmerica)
(names "Central Asia" CentralAsia)
(names "Eastern Asia" EasternAsia)
(names "Northern Asia" NorthernAsia)
(names "Southern Asia" SouthernAsia)
(names "Southeastern Asia" SoutheasternAsia)
(names "Southwestern Asia" SouthwesternAsia)
(names "Oceania" Oceania)
(geographicSubregion CentralAfrica Africa)
(geographicSubregion EasternAfrica Africa)
(geographicSubregion NorthernAfrica Africa)
(geographicSubregion SouthernAfrica Africa)
(geographicSubregion WesternAfrica Africa)
(instance MiddleEastRegion GeopoliticalArea)
(overlapsSpatially MiddleEastRegion Asia)
(documentation MiddleEastRegion EnglishLanguage "&%MiddleEastRegion is a
&%GeopoliticalArea that comprises countries of Southwestern &%Asia
and (in some definitions) Northwestern &%Africa. Here this term is
defined as in the CIA World Fact Book, in which the Middle East
includes: Bahrain, Cyprus, the Gaza Strip, Iran, Iraq, Israel,
Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, the United
Arab Emirates, the West Bank, and Yemen.")
(geographicSubregion CentralEurope Europe)
(geographicSubregion EasternEurope Europe)
(geographicSubregion NorthernEurope Europe)
(geographicSubregion SouthernEurope Europe)
(geographicSubregion WesternEurope Europe)
(geographicSubregion SoutheasternEurope Europe)
(geographicSubregion SouthwesternEurope Europe)
(geographicSubregion NorthernNorthAmerica NorthAmerica)
(overlapsSpatially CaribbeanRegion SouthAmerica)
(overlapsSpatially CaribbeanRegion NorthAmerica)
(overlapsSpatially MiddleAmerica NorthAmerica)
(overlapsSpatially MiddleAmerica SouthAmerica)
(geographicSubregion CentralSouthAmerica SouthAmerica)
(geographicSubregion EasternSouthAmerica SouthAmerica)
(geographicSubregion NorthernSouthAmerica SouthAmerica)
(geographicSubregion SouthernSouthAmerica SouthAmerica)
(geographicSubregion WesternSouthAmerica SouthAmerica)
(geographicSubregion CentralAsia Asia)
(geographicSubregion EasternAsia Asia)
(geographicSubregion NorthernAsia Asia)
(geographicSubregion NorthernAsia NorthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion SouthernAsia Asia)
(geographicSubregion SoutheasternAsia Asia)
(geographicSubregion SouthwesternAsia Asia)
(geographicSubregion CentralAfrica EasternHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially CentralAfrica NorthernHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially CentralAfrica SouthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion EasternAfrica EasternHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially EasternAfrica NorthernHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially EasternAfrica SouthernHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially NorthernAfrica EasternHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially NorthernAfrica WesternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion NorthernAfrica NorthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion SouthernAfrica EasternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion SouthernAfrica SouthernHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially WesternAfrica EasternHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially WesternAfrica WesternHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially WesternAfrica NorthernHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially WesternAfrica SouthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion MiddleEastRegion EasternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion MiddleEastRegion WesternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion EasternEurope EasternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion EasternEurope NorthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion CentralEurope EasternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion CentralEurope NorthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion NorthernEurope EasternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion NorthernEurope NorthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion SouthernEurope EasternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion SouthernEurope NorthernHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially WesternEurope EasternHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially WesternEurope WesternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion WesternEurope NorthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion SoutheasternEurope EasternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion SoutheasternEurope NorthernHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially SouthwesternEurope EasternHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially SouthwesternEurope WesternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion SouthwesternEurope NorthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion CaribbeanRegion NorthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion CaribbeanRegion WesternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion MiddleAmerica NorthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion MiddleAmerica WesternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion CentralSouthAmerica WesternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion CentralSouthAmerica SouthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion EasternSouthAmerica WesternHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially EasternSouthAmerica NorthernHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially EasternSouthAmerica SouthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion NorthernSouthAmerica WesternHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially NorthernSouthAmerica NorthernHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially NorthernSouthAmerica SouthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion SouthernSouthAmerica WesternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion SouthernSouthAmerica SouthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion WesternSouthAmerica WesternHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially WesternSouthAmerica NorthernHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially WesternSouthAmerica SouthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion CentralAsia EasternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion CentralAsia NorthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion EasternAsia EasternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion EasternAsia NorthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion NorthernAsia EasternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion SouthernAsia EasternHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially SouthernAsia NorthernHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially SouthernAsia SouthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion SoutheasternAsia EasternHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially SoutheasternAsia NorthernHemisphere)
(overlapsSpatially SoutheasternAsia SouthernHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion SouthwesternAsia EasternHemisphere)
(geographicSubregion SouthwesternAsia NorthernHemisphere)
(orientation Europe Africa North)
(orientation Europe Asia West)
(orientation Europe NorthAmerica East)
(orientation NorthAmerica SouthAmerica North)
(orientation NorthAmerica Asia East)
(orientation Africa SouthAmerica Northeast)
(orientation Asia Oceania Northwest)
(orientation Africa NorthAmerica Southeast)
(orientation Europe SouthAmerica Northeast)
(orientation Oceania NorthAmerica Southwest)
(orientation MiddleEastRegion Asia Southwest)
(orientation MiddleEastRegion Africa Northeast)
(orientation MiddleAmerica SouthAmerica North)
(orientation MiddleAmerica NorthAmerica South)
(orientation CaribbeanRegion SouthAmerica North)
(orientation CaribbeanRegion NorthAmerica South)
(=>
(and
(instance ?LAND Continent)
(not (equal ?LAND Antarctica)))
(orientation Antarctica ?LAND South))
(instance LevantRegion GeographicArea)
(documentation LevantRegion EnglishLanguage "&%LevantRegion is the subregion that borders
the Eastern Mediterranean sea to the west, and forms the core of West Asia and the political
term, Middle East. In its narrowest sense, which is in use today in archaeology and other
cultural contexts, it is equivalent to Cyprus and a stretch of land bordering the Mediterranean
Sea in Western Asia that is, the historical region of Syria (Greater Syria), which
includes present-day Syria, as well as Lebanon, Jordan, Palestine, Israel, and the southern part of
Cilicia (modern-day Turkey). Its overwhelming characteristic is that it represents the land bridge
between Africa and Eurasia.[Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage LevantRegion "Levant Region")
(geographicSubregion LevantRegion MiddleEastRegion)
(orientation LevantRegion MediterraneanRegion West)
(climateTypeInArea LevantRegion AridClimateZone)
(geographicSubregion Israel LevantRegion)
(geographicSubregion Syria LevantRegion)
(geographicSubregion Lebanon LevantRegion)
(geographicSubregion Jordan LevantRegion)
(geographicSubregion Palestine LevantRegion)
(geographicSubregion AntakyaTurkey LevantRegion)
(instance MediterraneanRegion GeographicArea)
(documentation MediterraneanRegion EnglishLanguage "&%MediterraneanRegion is the region of lands around
the &%MediterraneanSea that have mostly a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters
and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and
scrub vegetation. The Mediterranean basin covers portions of three continents: Africa, Asia, and Europe.
[Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage MediterraneanRegion "Mediterranean Region")
(climateTypeInArea MediterraneanRegion MediterraneanClimateZone)
(geographicSubregion MediterraneanRegion Africa)
(geographicSubregion MediterraneanRegion Europe)
(geographicSubregion MediterraneanRegion Asia)
(instance SouthernFrance GeographicArea)
(documentation SouthernFrance EnglishLanguage "&%SouthernFrance is a geographical area consisting of
the regions of &%France that border the &%AtlanticOcean south of the Marais Poitevin, &%Spain,
&%MediterraneanSea and &%Italy.[Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage SouthernFrance "Southern France")
(names "south of France" SouthernFrance)
(names "le Midi" SouthernFrance)
(geographicSubregion SouthernFrance France)
(orientation SouthernFrance GulfOfLion North)
(climateTypeInArea SouthernFrance MediterraneanClimateZone)
(geographicSubregion MarseillesFrance SouthernFrance)
(geographicSubregion ToulonFrance SouthernFrance)
(orientation AtlanticOcean SouthernFrance West)
(orientation Spain SouthernFrance South)
(orientation Italy SouthernFrance East)
(instance RockyMountains MountainRange)
(documentation RockyMountains EnglishLanguage "The &%RockyMountains, also known as the Rockies,
are a major mountain range and the largest mountain system in &%NorthAmerica. The Rocky Mountains
stretch 3,000 miles (4,800 kilometers) in straight-line distance from the northernmost part of
Western Canada, to New Mexico in the Southwestern United States.The Rockies vary in width from 110
to 480 kilometres (70 to 300 miles). [Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage RockyMountains "Rocky Mountains")
(names "Rockies" RockyMountains)
(geographicSubregion RockyMountains NorthAmerica)
(traverses RockyMountains BritishColumbia)
(traverses RockyMountains Alberta)
(traverses RockyMountains Washington)
(traverses RockyMountains Idaho)
(traverses RockyMountains Montana)
(traverses RockyMountains Wyoming)
(traverses RockyMountains Utah)
(traverses RockyMountains Colorado)
(traverses RockyMountains NewMexico)
(geographicSubregion RockyMountains Canada)
(geographicSubregion RockyMountains UnitedStates)
(orientation Oregon RockyMountains West)
(orientation Nevada RockyMountains West)
(orientation California RockyMountains West)
(orientation Arizona RockyMountains West)
(orientation RockyMountains Texas East)
(orientation RockyMountains Oklahoma East)
(orientation RockyMountains Kansas East)
(orientation RockyMountains Nebraska East)
(orientation RockyMountains SouthDakota East)
(orientation RockyMountains NorthDakota East)
(=>
(and
(instance ?A PointInSpace)
(instance ?B PointInSpace)
(located ?A RockyMountains)
(located ?B RockyMountains)
(orientation ?A ?B North)
(not
(exists (?A1 ?B1)
(and
(instance ?A1 PointInSpace)
(located ?A1 RockyMountains)
(orientation ?A1 ?A North)
(instance ?B1 PointInSpace)
(located ?B1 RockyMountains)
(orientation ?B1 ?B South))))
(distance ?A ?B
(MeasureFn ?X Mile)))
(approximateValue ?X 3000))
(=>
(and
(instance ?A PointInSpace)
(instance ?B PointInSpace)
(located ?A RockyMountains)
(located ?B RockyMountains)
(orientation ?A ?B East)
(not
(exists (?A1 ?B1)
(and
(instance ?A1 PointInSpace)
(located ?A1 RockyMountains)
(orientation ?A1 ?A East)
(instance ?B1 PointInSpace)
(located ?B1 RockyMountains)
(orientation ?B1 ?B West))))
(distance ?A ?B
(MeasureFn ?X Mile)))
(and
(greaterThan ?X 70)
(greaterThan 300 ?X)))
(instance KlamathMountains MountainRange)
(documentation KlamathMountains EnglishLanguage "The &%KlamathMountains are a rugged and
lightly populated mountain range in northwestern California and southwestern Oregon in
the western United States. It is a mountain system within both the greater Pacific Coast
Ranges and the California Coast Ranges.[Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage KlamathMountains "Klamath Mountains")
(geographicSubregion KlamathMountains Oregon)
(geographicSubregion KlamathMountains California)
(orientation Oregon KlamathMountains West)
(orientation KlamathMountains CaliforniaCoastRanges North)
(overlapsSpatially KlamathMountains CaliforniaCoastRanges)
(instance CaliforniaCoastRanges MountainRange)
(documentation CaliforniaCoastRanges EnglishLanguage "The &%CaliforniaCoastRanges span
400 miles (644 km) from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara
County.The other three coastal California mountain ranges are the Transverse Ranges,
Peninsular Ranges and the Klamath Mountains. The northern end of the California Coast
Ranges overlap the southern end of the Klamath Mountains for approximately 80 miles
(130 km) on the west. [Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage CaliforniaCoastRanges "California Coast Ranges")
(geographicSubregion CaliforniaCoastRanges California)
(orientation
(SeacoastFn California PacificOcean) CaliforniaCoastRanges West)
(=>
(and
(instance ?A PointInSpace)
(instance ?B PointInSpace)
(located ?A CaliforniaCoastRanges)
(located ?B CaliforniaCoastRanges)
(orientation ?A ?B North)
(not
(exists (?A1 ?B1)
(and
(instance ?A1 PointInSpace)
(located ?A1 CaliforniaCoastRanges)
(orientation ?A1 ?A North)
(instance ?B1 PointInSpace)
(located ?B1 CaliforniaCoastRanges)
(orientation ?B1 ?B South))))
(distance ?A ?B
(MeasureFn ?X Mile)))
(approximateValue ?X 400))
(subclass EndorheicBasin Basin)
(documentation EndorheicBasin EnglishLanguage "An &%EndorheicBasin is a drainage &%Basin
that normally retains water and allows no outflow to other external &%BodyOfWater
(such as &%Rivers and &%Oceans). Instead, the water drainage &%flows into permanent and seasonal
lakes and swamps that equilibrate through evaporation.[Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage EndorheicBasin "endorheic basin")
(=>
(and
(instance ?B EndorheicBasin)
(instance ?R River)
(located ?R ?B))
(not
(exists (?OUT)
(and
(instance ?OUT BodyOfWater)
(flows ?R ?OUT)))))
(instance GreatBasin EndorheicBasin)
(documentation GreatBasin EnglishLanguage "The &%GreatBasin is the largest area of
contiguous endorheic watersheds, those with no outlets to the ocean, in &%NorthAmerica.
It spans nearly all of Nevada, much of Utah, and portions of California, Idaho, Oregon,
Wyoming, and Baja California. It is noted for both its arid climate and the basin and
range topography that varies from the North American low point at Badwater Basin in
Death Valley to the highest point of the contiguous United States, less than 100 miles
(160 km) away at the summit of Mount Whitney. [Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage GreatBasin "Great Basin")
(geographicSubregion GreatBasin Nevada)
(geographicSubregion GreatBasin Utah)
(geographicSubregion GreatBasin Oregon)
(geographicSubregion GreatBasin California)
(geographicSubregion GreatBasin Idaho)
(geographicSubregion GreatBasin Wyoming)
(geographicSubregion GreatBasin Mexico)
(climateTypeInArea GreatBasin AridClimateZone)
(instance MojaveDesert Desert)
(documentation MojaveDesert EnglishLanguage "The &%MojaveDesert is a desert in the rain shadow
of the southern Sierra Nevada mountains and &%TransverseRanges in the Southwestern United States.
Named after the indigenous Mohave people, it is located primarily in southeastern California and
southwestern Nevada, with small portions extending into Arizona and Utah.[Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage MojaveDesert "Mojave Desert")
(geographicSubregion MojaveDesert Nevada)
(geographicSubregion MojaveDesert Utah)
(geographicSubregion MojaveDesert Arizona)
(geographicSubregion MojaveDesert California)
(orientation MojaveDesert SierraNevada Downwind)
(orientation MojaveDesert TransverseRanges Downwind)
(instance DeathValley Valley)
(documentation DeathValley EnglishLanguage "&%DeathValley is a &%Desert valley in Eastern
&%California, in the northern &%MojaveDesert, bordering the &%GreatBasin Desert. It is thought
to be the hottest place on Earth during summer.[Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage DeathValley "Death Valley")
(climateTypeInArea DeathValley SubtropicalDesertClimateZone)
(geographicSubregion DeathValley MojaveDesert)
(geographicSubregion DeathValley SouthernCalifornia)
(instance BadwaterBasin EndorheicBasin)
(documentation BadwaterBasin EnglishLanguage "&%BadwaterBasin is an endorheic basin in Death
Valley National Park, &%DeathValley, Inyo County, &%California, noted as the lowest point in
&%NorthAmerica and the United States, with a depth of 282 ft (86 m) below sea level.
&%MountWhitney, the highest point in the contiguous United States, is only 84.6 miles (136 km)
to the northwest.[Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage BadwaterBasin "Badwater Basin")
(geographicSubregion BadwaterBasin DeathValley)
(geographicSubregion BadwaterBasin SouthernCalifornia)
(distance BadwaterBasin SeaLevel
(MeasureFn -86 Meter))
(distance BadwaterBasin MountWhitney
(MeasureFn 136 Kilometer))
(orientation MountWhitney BadwaterBasin Northwest)
(instance SouthernCalifornia GeographicArea)
(documentation SouthernCalifornia EnglishLanguage "&%SouthernCalifornia is a geographic and
cultural region that generally comprises the southern portion of the U.S. state of &%California.
Its densely populated coastal region includes Greater Los Angeles (the second-most populous
urban agglomeration in the United States) and San Diego County (the second-most
populous county in California). The region generally contains ten of California's 58
counties: Los Angeles, San Diego, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Kern, Ventura,
Santa Barbara, San Luis Obispo, and Imperial counties.[Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage SouthernCalifornia "Southern California")
(names "SoCal" SouthernCalifornia)
(geographicSubregion SouthernCalifornia California)
(located LosAngelesCalifornia SouthernCalifornia)
(externallyConnected SouthernCalifornia NorthernCalifornia)
(instance NorthernCalifornia GeographicArea)
(documentation NorthernCalifornia EnglishLanguage "&%NorthernCalifornia is a geocultural region
that comprises the northern portion of the U.S. state of California, spanning the northernmost
48 of the state's 58 counties. &%NorthernCalifornia in its largest definition is determined
by dividing the state into two regions, the other being &%SouthernCalifornia.[Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage NorthernCalifornia "Northern California")
(names "NorCal" NorthernCalifornia)
(geographicSubregion NorthernCalifornia California)
(located SanFranciscoCalifornia NorthernCalifornia)
;; ?R is defined using TPP pf the RCC-8 (Region Connection Calculus)
(=>
(and
(instance ?R GeographicArea)
(tangentialProperPart ?R KlamathMountains)
(tangentialProperPart ?R CaliforniaCoastRanges)
(instance ?N PointInSpace)
(located ?N ?R)
(instance ?S PointInSpace)
(located ?S ?R)
(orientation ?N ?S North)
(not
(exists (?N1 ?S1)
(and
(instance ?N1 PointInSpace)
(located ?N1 ?R)
(orientation ?N1 ?N North)
(instance ?S1 PointInSpace)
(located ?S1 ?R)
(orientation ?S1 ?S South))))
(distance ?N ?S
(MeasureFn ?X Mile)))
(approximateValue ?X 80))
;;
;; Jennie Pease July 2025
;; Adding Tangetial proper part (TPP) and non-tangential proper part to complete the
;; impliment of RCC-8
;;
;;
(instance connectedRegions BinaryPredicate)
(instance connectedRegions SpatialRelation)
(instance connectedRegions ReflexiveRelation)
(instance connectedRegions SymmetricRelation)
(domain connectedRegions 1 Region)
(domain connectedRegions 2 Region)
(relatedInternalConcept connectedRegions connected)
(format EnglishLanguage connectedRegions "%1 and %2 are &%connectedRegions")
(documentation connectedRegions EnglishLanguage "(connectedRegions ?R1 ?R2) means that ?R1
and ?R2 are &%connected.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage connectedRegions "connected regions")
(=>
(and
(instance ?R1 Region)
(instance ?R2 Region)
(connected ?R1 ?R2))
(connectedRegions ?R1 ?R2))
(subclass RCC8Relation SpatialRelation)
(documentation RCC8Relation EnglishLanguage "The &%RCC8Relation is intended to serve for qualitative
spatial representation and reasoning. RCC abstractly describes regions (in Euclidean space, or in a
topological space) by their possible relations to each other. RCC8 consists of 8 basic relations that
are possible between two regions: disconnected (DC), externally connected (EC), equal (EQ), partially
overlapping (PO), tangential proper part (TPP), tangential proper part inverse (TPPi), non-tangential
proper part (NTPP), non-tangential proper part inverse (NTPPi). From these basic relations, combinations
can be built, for spatial reasoning,for example via a composition table.[Wikipedia]")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage RCC8Relation "region connection calculus 8")
(names "RCC8" RCC8Relation)
(instance disconnected RCC8Relation)
(instance disconnected SymmetricRelation)
(documentation disconnected EnglishLanguage "&%disconnected is a &%RCC8Relation.
(disconnected ?A ?B) means that ?A is a &%disconnected from ?B, meaning ?A and ?B
shares no point.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage disconnected "disconnected")
(domain disconnected 1 Region)
(domain disconnected 2 Region)
(relatedInternalConcept disconnected connected)
(format EnglishLanguage disconnected "%1 and %2 are &%disconnected")
(names "DC" disconnected)
(=>
(disconnected ?A ?B)
(not
(connectedRegions ?A ?B)))
(instance externallyConnected RCC8Relation)
(instance externallyConnected SymmetricRelation)
(documentation externallyConnected EnglishLanguage "&%externallyConnected is a &%RCC8Relation.
(externallyConnected ?A ?B) means that ?A and ?B are &%externallyConnected, meaning ?A and ?B
touch at the boundary but don’t overlap.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage externallyConnected "externally connected")
(domain externallyConnected 1 Region)
(domain externallyConnected 2 Region)
(relatedInternalConcept externallyConnected meetsSpatially)
(format EnglishLanguage externallyConnected "%1 and %2 are &%externallyConnected")
(names "EC" externallyConnected)
(=>
(and
(instance ?A Region)
(instance ?B Region)
(meetsSpatially ?A ?B))
(externallyConnected ?A ?B))
(instance partiallyOverlapping RCC8Relation)
(instance partiallyOverlapping SymmetricRelation)
(documentation partiallyOverlapping EnglishLanguage "&%partiallyOverlapping is a &%RCC8Relation.
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?B) means that ?A and ?B are &%partiallyOverlapping, meaning ?A and ?B
share some, but not all, interior points.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage partiallyOverlapping "partially overlapping")
(domain partiallyOverlapping 1 Region)
(domain partiallyOverlapping 2 Region)
(relatedInternalConcept partiallyOverlapping overlapsSpatially)
(format EnglishLanguage partiallyOverlapping "%1 is &%partiallyOverlapping with %2")
(names "PO" partiallyOverlapping)
(=>
(and
(instance ?A Region)
(instance ?B Region)
(overlapsSpatially ?A ?B))
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?B))
(instance equalRegions RCC8Relation)
(instance equalRegions SymmetricRelation)
(documentation equalRegions EnglishLanguage "&%equalRegions is a &%RCC8Relation.
(equalRegions ?A ?B) means that ?A and ?B are &%equalRegions, meaning ?A and ?B
are identical regions.")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage equalRegions "partially overlapping")
(domain equalRegions 1 Region)
(domain equalRegions 2 Region)
(format EnglishLanguage equalRegions "%1 and %2 are &%equalRegions")
(names "EQ" equalRegions)
(=>
(equalRegions ?A ?B)
(equal ?A ?B))
(instance tangentialProperPart RCC8Relation)
(instance tangentialProperPart AsymmetricRelation)
(documentation tangentialProperPart EnglishLanguage "&%tangentialProperPart is a &%RCC8Relation.
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?B) means that ?A is a &%tangentialProperPart of ?B, meaning ?A is inside ?B
and touches its boundary.To invoke the inverse, TPPi, one would swap the order of the two arguments
specified.That is (tangentialProperPart ?B ?A).")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage tangentialProperPart "tangential proper part")
(domain tangentialProperPart 1 Region)
(domain tangentialProperPart 2 Region)
(relatedInternalConcept tangentialProperPart contains)
(format EnglishLanguage tangentialProperPart "%1 is a &%tangentialProperPart of %2")
(names "TPP" tangentialProperPart)
(=>
(and
(instance ?A Region)
(instance ?B Region)
(contains ?B ?A)
(orientation ?A ?B Inside)
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?B))
(exists (?X ?Y)
(and
(instance ?X PointInSpace)
(superficialPart ?X ?B)
(instance ?Y PointInSpace)
(superficialPart ?Y ?A)
(meetsSpatially ?X ?Y))))
(instance nonTangentialProperPart RCC8Relation)
(instance nonTangentialProperPart AsymmetricRelation)
(documentation nonTangentialProperPart EnglishLanguage "&%nonTangentialProperPart is a &%RCC8Relation.
(nonTangentialProperPart ?A ?B) means that ?A is a &%nonTangentialProperPart of ?B, meaning ?A is entirely
inside ?B and without touching its boundary.To invoke the inverse, NTPPi, one would swap the order of the two arguments
specified.That is (nonTangentialProperPart ?B ?A).")
(termFormat EnglishLanguage nonTangentialProperPart "non tangential proper part")
(names "NTPP" nonTangentialProperPart)
(domain nonTangentialProperPart 1 Region)
(domain nonTangentialProperPart 2 Region)
(format EnglishLanguage nonTangentialProperPart "%1 is a &%nonTangentialProperPart of %2")
(=>
(and
(instance ?A Region)
(instance ?B Region)
(contains ?B ?A)
(orientation ?A ?B Inside)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?A ?B))
(exists (?X ?Y)
(and
(instance ?X PointInSpace)
(superficialPart ?X ?B)
(instance ?Y PointInSpace)
(superficialPart ?Y ?A)
(not
(meetsSpatially ?X ?Y)))))
;;
;; Jennie Pease August 2025
;; Composition table for RCC8
;;
;; DC
(=>
(and
(disconnected ?A ?B)
(externallyConnected ?B ?C))
(or
(disconnected ?A ?C)
(externallyConnected ?A ?C)
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?C)
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?C)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?A ?C)))
(=>
(and
(disconnected ?A ?B)
(partiallyOverlapping ?B ?C))
(or
(disconnected ?A ?C)
(externallyConnected ?A ?C)
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?C)
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?C)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?A ?C)))
(=>
(and
(disconnected ?A ?B)
(tangentialProperPart ?B ?C))
(or
(disconnected ?A ?C)
(externallyConnected ?A ?C)
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?C)
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?C)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?A ?C)))
(=>
(and
(disconnected ?A ?B)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?B ?C))
(or
(disconnected ?A ?C)
(externallyConnected ?A ?C)
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?C)
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?C)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?A ?C)))
(=>
(and
(disconnected ?A ?B)
(tangentialProperPart ?C ?B))
(disconnected ?A ?C))
(=>
(and
(disconnected ?A ?B)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?C ?B))
(disconnected ?A ?C))
(=>
(and
(disconnected ?A ?B)
(equalRegions ?B ?C))
(disconnected ?A ?C))
;; EC
(=>
(and
(externallyConnected ?A ?B)
(disconnected ?B ?C))
(or
(disconnected ?A ?C)
(externallyConnected ?A ?C)
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?C)
(tangentialProperPart ?C ?A)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?C ?A)))
(=>
(and
(externallyConnected ?A ?B)
(externallyConnected ?B ?C))
(or
(disconnected ?A ?C)
(externallyConnected ?A ?C)
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?C)
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?C)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?C ?A)
(equalRegions ?A ?C)))
(=>
(and
(externallyConnected ?A ?B)
(partiallyOverlapping ?B ?C))
(or
(disconnected ?A ?C)
(externallyConnected ?A ?C)
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?C)
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?C)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?A ?C)))
(=>
(and
(externallyConnected ?A ?B)
(tangentialProperPart ?B ?C))
(or
(externallyConnected ?A ?C)
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?C)
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?C)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?A ?C)))
(=>
(and
(externallyConnected ?A ?B)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?B ?C))
(or
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?C)
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?C)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?A ?C)))
(=>
(and
(externallyConnected ?A ?B)
(tangentialProperPart ?C ?B))
(or
(disconnected ?A ?C)
(externallyConnected ?A ?C)))
(=>
(and
(externallyConnected ?A ?B)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?C ?B))
(disconnected ?A ?C))
(=>
(and
(externallyConnected ?A ?B)
(equalRegions ?B ?C))
(externallyConnected ?A ?C))
;; PO
(=>
(and
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?B)
(disconnected ?B ?C))
(or
(disconnected ?A ?C)
(externallyConnected ?A ?C)
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?C)
(tangentialProperPart ?C ?A)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?C ?A)))
(=>
(and
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?B)
(externallyConnected ?B ?C))
(or
(disconnected ?A ?C)
(externallyConnected ?A ?C)
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?C)
(tangentialProperPart ?C ?A)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?C ?A)))
(=>
(and
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?B)
(tangentialProperPart ?B ?C))
(or
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?C)
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?C)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?A ?C)))
(=>
(and
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?B)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?B ?C))
(or
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?C)
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?C)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?A ?C)))
(=>
(and
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?B)
(tangentialProperPart ?C ?B))
(or
(disconnected ?A ?C)
(externallyConnected ?A ?C)
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?C)
(tangentialProperPart ?C ?A)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?C ?A)))
(=>
(and
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?B)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?C ?B))
(or
(disconnected ?A ?C)
(externallyConnected ?A ?C)
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?C)
(tangentialProperPart ?C ?A)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?C ?A)))
(=>
(and
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?B)
(equalRegions ?B ?C))
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?C))
;; TPP
(=>
(and
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?B)
(disconnected ?B ?C))
(disconnected ?A ?C))
(=>
(and
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?B)
(externallyConnected ?B ?C))
(or
(disconnected ?A ?C)
(externallyConnected ?A ?C)))
(=>
(and
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?B)
(partiallyOverlapping ?B ?C))
(or
(disconnected ?A ?C)
(externallyConnected ?A ?C)
(partiallyOverlapping ?A ?C)
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?C)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?A ?C)))
(=>
(and
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?B)
(tangentialProperPart ?B ?C))
(or
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?C)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?A ?C)))
(=>
(and
(tangentialProperPart ?A ?B)
(nonTangentialProperPart ?B ?C))