[Question]: The bowl of fruit contains apples, pears, and bananas. There are two more pears than apples, and three more bananas than pears. If the bowl contains 19 pieces of fruit, how many bananas does it contain?
[Answer]: Let A be the number of apples. There are A + 2 pears. There are (A + 2) + 3 pears. Then A + (A + 2) + ((A + 2) + 3) = 19. 3A + 7 = 19. 3A = 12. A = 4. There are 4 apples. There are (4 + 2) + 3 = 9 bananas.
So the answer is 9.

[Question]: Noel bakes 4 dozen donuts for his class. There are 30 students in class, but only 80% like donuts. How many donuts does each student who likes donuts get to eat?
[Answer]: He makes 48 donuts because 4 x 12 = 48. 24 students want to eat donuts because 30 x .8 = 24. They can each eat 2 donuts because 48 / 24 = 2.
So the answer is 2.

[Question]: Marcel bought a pen for $4, and a briefcase for five times the price. How much did Marcel pay for both items?
[Answer]:
The cost of the briefcase was 5 * 4 = $20. So for both items Marcel paid 4 + 20 = $24.
So the answer is 24.