Question: Bob grew corn in his garden this year and ended up with 50 bushels. This is way too much for him to eat, so he gave some of it away to his friends. His friend Terry took 8 bushels, while Jerry only took 3. He gave 12 bushels to his friend Linda, who runs a food pantry. His neighbor Stacy doesn't eat much corn, but she still accepted 21 ears of corn from him. If each bushel contained 14 ears of corn, how many ears of corn does Bob have left?
Answer: Stacy took 21 ears of corn, there are 14 ears to a bushel, so she took 21 ears / 14 ears / bushel = 1.5 bushels of corn. In all, Bob gave away 8 bushels + 3 bushels + 12 bushels + 1.5 bushels = 24.5 bushels of corn. This leaves him with 50 bushels - 24.5 bushels = 25.5 bushels of corn. At 14 ears of corn per bushel, Bob has 25.5 bushels * 14 ears per bushel = 357 ears of corn. The answer is 357.

Question: Jake buys 2-pound packages of sausages. He buys 3 of them and they are $4 a pound. How much does he pay?
Answer: He bought 2 * 3 = 6 pounds of sausage. So they cost 6 * $4 = $24. The answer is 24.

Question: There are four growing trees. The first tree grows 1 meter/day, the second grows the same amount in half the time, the third grows 2 meters/day, and the fourth tree grows a meter more than the third each day. How many meters did the trees grow in total in 4 days?
Answer: The second tree grows 1 * 2 = 2 meters a day. The fourth tree grows 2 + 1 = 3 meters a day. The first tree grows 4 * 1 = 4 meters in 4 days. The second tree grows 2 * 4 = 8 meters in 4 days. The third tree grows 2 * 4 = 8 meters in 4 days. The fourth tree grows 3 * 4 = 12 meters in 4 days. In 4 days, all four trees grew 4 + 8 + 8 + 12 = 32 meters combined. The answer is 32.

Question: The moon is made of 50% iron, 20% carbon, and the remainder is other elements. Mars weighs twice as much as the moon, but has the exact same composition. If Mars is 150 tons of other elements, how many tons does the moon weigh?
Answer:
30% of Mars is made up of other elements because 100 - 50 - 20 = 30. Mars weighs 500 tons because 150 / .3 = 500. The moon weighs 250 tons because 500 / 2 = 250. The answer is 250.