8349088: De-virtualize Codeblob and nmethod #23533

vnkozlov · 2025-02-09T17:45:30Z

Remove virtual methods from CodeBlob and nmethod to simplify saving/restoring in Leyden AOT cache. It avoids the need to patch hidden VPTR pointer to class's virtual table.

Added C++ static asserts to make sure no virtual methods are added in a future.

Fixed/cleaned SA code which process CodeBlob and its subclasses. Use CodeBlob::_kind field value to determine the type of blob.

Tested tier1-5, hs-tier6-rt (for JFR testing), stress, xcomp

Progress

Change must be properly reviewed (1 review required, with at least 1 Reviewer)
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Issue

JDK-8349088: De-virtualize Codeblob and nmethod (Enhancement - P4)

Reviewers

Chris Plummer (@plummercj - Reviewer)
Axel Boldt-Christmas (@xmas92 - Reviewer)
Dean Long (@dean-long - Reviewer) Review applies to 61fdee68

Contributors

Stefan Karlsson <stefank@openjdk.org>
Chris Plummer <cjplummer@openjdk.org>

Reviewing

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Update a local copy of the PR:
$ git checkout pull/23533
$ git pull https://git.openjdk.org/jdk.git pull/23533/head

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$ git pr checkout 23533

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bridgekeeper · 2025-02-09T17:46:15Z

👋 Welcome back kvn! A progress list of the required criteria for merging this PR into master will be added to the body of your pull request. There are additional pull request commands available for use with this pull request.

openjdk · 2025-02-09T17:46:33Z

@vnkozlov This change now passes all automated pre-integration checks.

ℹ️ This project also has non-automated pre-integration requirements. Please see the file CONTRIBUTING.md for details.

After integration, the commit message for the final commit will be:

8349088: De-virtualize Codeblob and nmethod

Co-authored-by: Stefan Karlsson <stefank@openjdk.org>
Co-authored-by: Chris Plummer <cjplummer@openjdk.org>
Reviewed-by: cjplummer, aboldtch, dlong

You can use pull request commands such as /summary, /contributor and /issue to adjust it as needed.

At the time when this comment was updated there had been 52 new commits pushed to the master branch:

8df8040: 8350093: RISC-V: java/math/BigInteger/LargeValueExceptions.java timeout with COH
8ec5893: 8346781: [JVMCI] Limit ServiceLoader to class initializers
3f0c137: 8347123: Add missing @serial tags to other modules
8b2aa51: 8349780: AIX os::get_summary_cpu_info support Power 11
650d0d9: 8348865: JButton/bug4796987.java never runs because Windows XP is unavailable
906358d: 8294155: Exception thrown before awaitAndCheck hangs PassFailJFrame
2bd8f02: 8342524: Use latch in AbstractButton/bug6298940.java instead of delay
7f3ecb4: 8346664: C2: Optimize mask check with constant offset
b3a4026: 8349764: RISC-V: C1: Improve Class.isInstance intrinsic
071c8f5: 8349909: jdk.internal.jimage.decompressor.ZipDecompressor does not close the Inflater in exceptional cases
... and 42 more: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/compare/c5ac3c4f11e777b24d597deec522c9df09750f59...master

As there are no conflicts, your changes will automatically be rebased on top of these commits when integrating. If you prefer to avoid this automatic rebasing, please check the documentation for the /integrate command for further details.

➡️ To integrate this PR with the above commit message to the master branch, type /integrate in a new comment.

openjdk · 2025-02-09T17:46:57Z

@vnkozlov The following labels will be automatically applied to this pull request:

hotspot
serviceability

When this pull request is ready to be reviewed, an "RFR" email will be sent to the corresponding mailing lists. If you would like to change these labels, use the /label pull request command.

mlbridge · 2025-02-09T17:49:40Z

Webrevs

vnkozlov · 2025-02-09T19:36:28Z

@dougxc and @tkrodriguez, please look if it affects Graal.

vnkozlov · 2025-02-09T19:38:51Z

/cc graal

vnkozlov · 2025-02-09T19:39:18Z

/cc hotspot-compiler

openjdk · 2025-02-09T19:39:35Z

@vnkozlov
The graal label was successfully added.

openjdk · 2025-02-09T19:39:55Z

@vnkozlov
The hotspot-compiler label was successfully added.

vnkozlov · 2025-02-09T19:40:20Z

/cc hotspot-runtime

vnkozlov · 2025-02-09T19:40:30Z

/label remove hotspot

openjdk · 2025-02-09T19:40:36Z

@vnkozlov
The hotspot-runtime label was successfully added.

openjdk · 2025-02-09T19:41:02Z

@vnkozlov
The hotspot label was successfully removed.

plummercj

I almost wished I hadn't looked because there is a lot of SA CodeBlob support that could use some cleanup. Most notably I think most of the wrapper subclasses are not needed by SA, and could be served by one common class. See what I'm doing in #23456 for JavaThread subclasses. Wrapper classes don't need to be 1-to-1 with the class type they are wrapping. A single wrapper class type can handle any number of hotspot types. It usually just make more sense for them to be 1-to-1, but when they are trivial and the implementation is replicated across subtypes, just having one wrapper class implement them all can simplify things.

The other thing I noticed is a lot of the subtypes seem to be doing some unnecessary things like registering Observers, and they all do something like the following:

44 Type type = db.lookupType("BufferBlob");

Even when it never references "type".

I'm not suggesting you clean up any of this now, but just pointed it out. I might file an issue and try to clean it up myself at some point.

I still need to take a closer look at the SA changes.

plummercj · 2025-02-10T02:47:58Z

src/jdk.hotspot.agent/share/classes/sun/jvm/hotspot/code/CodeCache.java


 public class CodeCache {
  private static GrowableArray<CodeHeap> heapArray;
-  private static VirtualConstructor virtualConstructor;


What is the reason for switching from the virtualConstructor/hashMap approach to using getClassFor()? The hashmap is the model for JavaThread, MetaData, and CollectedHeap subtypes.

I think I found the answer. Since there is no longer a vtable, TypeDataBase.addressTypeIsEqualToType() will no longer work for Codeblobs. I was wondering if the lack of a vtable might have some negative impact. Glad to see you found a solution. I hope the lack of a vtable does not creep in elsewhere. I know it will have some negative impact on things like the "findpc" functionality, which will no longer be able to tell the user that an address points to a Codeblob instance. There's no test for this, but users might run across it.

What is the reason for switching from the virtualConstructor/hashMap approach to using getClassFor()? The hashmap is the model for JavaThread, MetaData, and CollectedHeap subtypes.

I don't need any more mapping from CodeBlob class to corresponding virtual table name which does not exist anymore. CodeBlob::_kind field's value is used to determine which class should be used.

I think hashMap is overkill here. I can construct array Class<?> cbClasses[] and use cbClasses[CodeBlob::_kind] instead of if/else in getClassFor. But I would still need to check for unknown value of CodeBlob::_kind somehow.

impact on things like the "findpc" functionality

Do you mean findpc() function in VM which is used in debugger? Nothing should be changed for it.
It calls os::print_location() which calls CodeBlob::dump_for_addr(addr, st, verbose);:
https://github.com/openjdk/jdk/blob/master/src/hotspot/share/runtime/os.cpp#L1278

Actually I was referring to the clhsdb findpc command, which uses PointerFinder, but actually that should be ok because it special cases the codecache and knows how to find CodeBlobs in it. It's the clhsdb "inspect" command that will no longer be able to identify the type for an address that points to the start of a CodeBlob. This is true of any address that points to the start of a hotspot C++ object that does not have a vtable, or is not declared in vmstructs. So it's not a new issue, but is just adding more types to the list that "inspect" won't figure out.

dougxc · 2025-02-10T11:00:07Z

@dougxc and @tkrodriguez, please look if it affects Graal.

I'm pretty sure JVMCI does not care about the virtual-ness of these C++ classes. Running tier9 in mach5 is a good way to be sure.

adinn · 2025-02-10T11:04:38Z

src/hotspot/share/code/codeBlob.cpp


+#include <type_traits>
+
+// Virtual methods are not allowed in code blobs to simplify caching compiled code.


Is it worth considering generating this code plus also some of the existing code in the header using an iterator template macro? e.g.

#define CODEBLOBS_DO(do_codeblob_abstract, do_codeblob_nonleaf, \ do_codeblob_leaf) \ do_codeblob_abstract(CodeBlob) \ do_codeblob_leaf(nmethod, Nmethod, nmethod) \ do_codeblob_abstract(RuntimeBlob) \ do_codeblob_nonleaf(BufferBlob, Buffer, buffer) \ do_codeblob_leaf(AdapterBlob, Adapter, adapter) \ . . . \ do_codeblob_leaf(RuntimeStub, Runtime_Stub, runtime_stub) \ . . .

The macro arguments to the templates would themselves be macros:

do_codeblob_abstract(classname) // abstract, non-instantiable class do_codeblob_nonleaf(classname, kindname, accessorname) // instantiable, subclassable do_codeblob_leaf(classname, kindname, accessorname) // instantiable, non-subclassable

Using a template macro like this to generate the code below -- plus also some of the code currently declared piecemeal in the header -- would guarantee all cases are covered now and will remain so later so when the macro is updated. I think it would probably also allow case handling code in AOT cache code to be generated.

So, we would generate the code here as follows

#define EMPTY1(classname) #define EMPTY3(classname, kindname, accessorname) #define assert_nonvirtual_leaf(classname, kindname, accessorname) \ static_assert(!std::is_polymorphic<classname>::value, \ "no virtual methods are allowed in " # classname ); CODEBLOBS_DO(empty1, empty3, assert_nonvirtual_leaf) #undef assert_nonvirtual_leaf

Likewise in codeBlob.hpp we could generate enum CodeBlobKind to cover all the non-abstract classes and likewise generate the accessor methods is_nmethod(), is_buffer_blob() in class CodeBlob which allow the kind to be tested.

#define codekind_enum_tag(classname, kindname, accessorname) \ kindname, enum CodeBlobKind : u1 { None, CODEBLOBS_DO(empty1, codekind_enum_tag, codekind_enum_tag) Number_Of_Kinds }; #define is_codeblob_define(classname, kindname, accessorname) \ void is_ # accessor_name () { return _kind == kindname; } class CodeBlob { . . . CODEBLOBS_DO(empty1, is_codeblob_define, is_codeblob_define); . . .

There may be other opportunities to use the iterator (e.g. in vmStructs.cpp?) but this looks like a good start.

Thank you @adinn for suggestion but no, I don't like macros - hard to debug and they add more complexity in this case.

Sure, understood!

stefank

We have a similar situation with oopDesc that are not allowed to have a vtable. The solution there is to use the Klass as the proxy vtable and then have a bunch of Klass::oop_ functions that act like virtual dispatch functions for associated oopDesc functions.

I wonder if a similar approach can be use here? Such an approach would (to me at lest) have the benefit that we don't have to spread switch statements in various functions in the top-most class.

If you are interested in seeing a prototype of this, take a look at this branch:
master...stefank:jdk:code_blob_vptr

Just a suggestion if you want to consider alternatives to these switch statements.

vnkozlov · 2025-02-10T17:03:47Z

Thank you, @stefank. This is very interesting suggestion which I may take. I will check it.

vnkozlov · 2025-02-11T23:55:46Z

Before I forgot to answer you, @plummercj
I completely agree with your comment about cleaning up wrapper subclasses which do nothing.

I think some wrapper subclasses for CodeBlob were kept because of is*() which were used only in PStack to print name. Why not use getName() for this purpose without big if/else there?

An other purpose could be a place holder for additional information in a future which never come.

Other wrapper provides information available in CodeBlob. Like RuntimeStub. callerMustGCArguments(). _caller_must_gc_arguments field is part of VM's CodeBlob class for some time now. Looks like I missed change in SA when did change in VM.

So yes, feel free to clean this up. I will help with review.

src/jdk.hotspot.agent/share/classes/sun/jvm/hotspot/c1/Runtime1.java

src/hotspot/share/compiler/oopMap.cpp

dean-long · 2025-02-13T23:01:24Z

src/hotspot/share/runtime/vframe.inline.hpp

                  INTPTR_FORMAT " not found or invalid at %d",
                  p2i(_frame.pc()), decode_offset);
-      nm()->print_on(&ss);
+      nm()->print_on_v(&ss);


I suggest removing _v suffix to reduce changes and match existing naming.

Done. Testing now.

src/hotspot/share/code/codeBlob.hpp

dean-long

HotSpot C++ changes look good. I skipped SA changes.

vnkozlov

I addressed most @xmas92 and @dean-long comments and working on avoid _v suffix

src/jdk.hotspot.agent/share/classes/sun/jvm/hotspot/code/CodeCache.java

src/jdk.hotspot.agent/share/classes/sun/jvm/hotspot/c1/Runtime1.java

src/hotspot/share/code/codeBlob.hpp

vnkozlov · 2025-02-14T22:47:58Z

src/hotspot/share/code/codeBlob.hpp

+ struct Vptr {
+    virtual void print_on(const CodeBlob* instance, outputStream* st) const {
+      instance->print_on_nv(st);
+    }
+    virtual void print_value_on(const CodeBlob* instance, outputStream* st) const {
+      instance->print_value_on_nv(st);
+    }
+  };


vnkozlov · 2025-02-14T22:51:53Z

src/hotspot/share/code/codeBlob.hpp


-  void print_on(outputStream* st) const override;
-  void print_value_on(outputStream* st) const override;
+  class Vptr : public CodeBlob::Vptr {


vnkozlov · 2025-02-14T22:52:16Z

src/hotspot/share/code/codeBlob.hpp

+  void print_on(outputStream* st) const;
+  void print_value_on(outputStream* st) const;
+
+  class Vptr : public CodeBlob::Vptr {


vnkozlov · 2025-02-14T22:52:29Z

src/hotspot/share/code/codeBlob.hpp


-  void print_on(outputStream* st) const override;
-  void print_value_on(outputStream* st) const override;
+  class Vptr : public CodeBlob::Vptr {


vnkozlov · 2025-02-14T22:53:43Z

src/hotspot/share/code/codeBlob.hpp

+
+  void print_value_on(outputStream* st) const;
+
+  class Vptr : public CodeBlob::Vptr {


vnkozlov · 2025-02-14T23:09:26Z

src/hotspot/share/code/codeBlob.hpp

+  void print_on(outputStream* st) const;
+  void print_value_on(outputStream* st) const;
+
+  class Vptr : public CodeBlob::Vptr {


vnkozlov · 2025-02-14T23:11:47Z

Thank you, Dean, for review.

vnkozlov · 2025-02-15T06:26:43Z

I removed _v from CodeBlob::print*_on(st) methods to reduce scope of VM changes. But I have to add _impl suffix to these methods in CodeBlob subclasses.

I renamed nmethod::print_on(st, msg); to print_on_with_msg(at, msg) to avoid naming conflict C++ complains about. It cased change in dependencyContext.cpp`.

I made CodeBlob::Vptr class abstract as suggested.

I added empty Vptr class to RuntimeBlob because it is referenced in subclasses and corrected extensions in sublcasses to avoid mistakes @xmas92 pointed.

I also did some arguments renaming in SA in CodeCache.java as requested.

Tier1-5 testing passed.

Ready for new round of reviews.

xmas92

Not looked at the SA changes.

lgtm.

xmas92 · 2025-02-17T06:24:35Z

src/hotspot/share/code/codeBlob.hpp

+
+  class Vptr : public CodeBlob::Vptr {
+  };


Was this needed for some compiler? Or is it to be more explicit about the type hierarchy?

Thank you, @xmas92, for review and suggestions.

It is second (explicit type hierarchy). I think it should be explicitly declared (even empty) because it is referenced in subclasses to avoid confusion. And it could be useful in a future if we need other virtual methods.

Local build with gcc on Linux passed without it but I did not try to build on other platforms.

plummercj

SA changes look good. Thanks for taking care of this.

vnkozlov · 2025-02-18T16:29:58Z

Thank you, @plummercj , for review.

vnkozlov · 2025-02-18T16:38:51Z

Thank you all for reviews and suggestions.

vnkozlov · 2025-02-18T16:39:33Z

/integrate

openjdk · 2025-02-18T18:27:56Z

Going to push as commit 93b443ae36876bc182e06e142742945c65fe5349.
Since your change was applied there have been 60 commits pushed to the master branch:

e1d0a9c: 8350202: Tune for Power10 CPUs on Linux ppc64le
885be2e: 8349908: RISC-V: C2 SelectFromTwoVector
8193e0d: 8346280: C2: implement late barrier elision for G1
d7baae3: 8350178: Incorrect comment after JDK-8345580
160db5f: 8340110: Ubsan: verifier.cpp:2043:19: runtime error: shift exponent 100 is too large for 32-bit type 'int'
ff05d97: 8349180: Remove redundant initialization in ciField constructor
013fda1: 8348172: C2: Remove unused local variables in filter_helper() methods
3353f8e: 8349652: Rewire nmethod oop load barriers
8df8040: 8350093: RISC-V: java/math/BigInteger/LargeValueExceptions.java timeout with COH
8ec5893: 8346781: [JVMCI] Limit ServiceLoader to class initializers
... and 50 more: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/compare/c5ac3c4f11e777b24d597deec522c9df09750f59...master

Your commit was automatically rebased without conflicts.

openjdk · 2025-02-18T18:28:36Z

@vnkozlov An unexpected error occurred during integration. No push attempt will be made. The error has been logged and will be investigated. It is possible that this error is caused by a transient issue; feel free to retry the operation.

vnkozlov · 2025-02-18T20:07:37Z

/integrate

openjdk · 2025-02-18T20:08:09Z

Going to push as commit 46d4a60.
Since your change was applied there have been 61 commits pushed to the master branch:

62d93f2: 8346050: Update BuildTestLib.gmk to build whole testlibrary
e1d0a9c: 8350202: Tune for Power10 CPUs on Linux ppc64le
885be2e: 8349908: RISC-V: C2 SelectFromTwoVector
8193e0d: 8346280: C2: implement late barrier elision for G1
d7baae3: 8350178: Incorrect comment after JDK-8345580
160db5f: 8340110: Ubsan: verifier.cpp:2043:19: runtime error: shift exponent 100 is too large for 32-bit type 'int'
ff05d97: 8349180: Remove redundant initialization in ciField constructor
013fda1: 8348172: C2: Remove unused local variables in filter_helper() methods
3353f8e: 8349652: Rewire nmethod oop load barriers
8df8040: 8350093: RISC-V: java/math/BigInteger/LargeValueExceptions.java timeout with COH
... and 51 more: https://git.openjdk.org/jdk/compare/c5ac3c4f11e777b24d597deec522c9df09750f59...master

Your commit was automatically rebased without conflicts.

openjdk · 2025-02-18T20:08:17Z

@vnkozlov Pushed as commit 46d4a60.

💡 You may see a message that your pull request was closed with unmerged commits. This can be safely ignored.

8349088: De-virtualize Codeblob and nmethod

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8348347: Cleanup JavaThread subclass support in SA #23456

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		#include <type_traits>

		// Virtual methods are not allowed in code blobs to simplify caching compiled code.


		void print_value_on(outputStream* st) const;

		class Vptr : public CodeBlob::Vptr {

8349088: De-virtualize Codeblob and nmethod #23533

8349088: De-virtualize Codeblob and nmethod #23533

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