8078641: MethodHandle.asTypeCache can retain classes from unloading #5246

iwanowww · 2021-08-25T09:31:51Z

MethodHandle.asTypeCache keeps a strong reference to adapted MethodHandle and it can introduce a class loader leak through its MethodType.

Proposed fix introduces a 2-level cache (1 element each) where 1st level can only contain MethodHandles which are guaranteed to not introduce any dependencies on new class loaders compared to the original MethodHandle. 2nd level is backed by a SoftReference and is used as a backup when the result of MethodHandle.asType() conversion can't populate the higher level cache.

The fix is based on the work made by Peter Levart @plevart back in 2015.

Testing: tier1 - tier6

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Issue

JDK-8078641: MethodHandle.asTypeCache can retain classes from unloading

Reviewers

Paul Sandoz (@PaulSandoz - Reviewer) ⚠️ Review applies to 8715481
Mandy Chung (@mlchung - Reviewer) ⚠️ Review applies to 8715481
Peter Levart (@plevart - Reviewer)

Contributors

Peter Levart <plevart@openjdk.org>
Vladimir Ivanov <vlivanov@openjdk.org>

Reviewing

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bridgekeeper · 2021-08-25T09:32:20Z

👋 Welcome back vlivanov! A progress list of the required criteria for merging this PR into master will be added to the body of your pull request. There are additional pull request commands available for use with this pull request.

openjdk · 2021-08-25T09:34:19Z

@iwanowww The following label will be automatically applied to this pull request:

core-libs

When this pull request is ready to be reviewed, an "RFR" email will be sent to the corresponding mailing list. If you would like to change these labels, use the /label pull request command.

iwanowww · 2021-08-25T09:44:46Z

/contributor add plevart
/contributor add vlivanov

openjdk · 2021-08-25T09:45:25Z

@iwanowww
Contributor Peter Levart <plevart@openjdk.org> successfully added.

openjdk · 2021-08-25T09:47:19Z

@iwanowww
Contributor Vladimir Ivanov <vlivanov@openjdk.org> successfully added.

mlbridge · 2021-08-25T11:25:36Z

Webrevs

PaulSandoz

Looks good.

I guess it is not that common for the soft ref to get instantiated i.e. for the case of the ~common class loader of type, MTC say, and the ~common classoader of newType, NMTC say, then NMTC is not an ancestor of MTC.

It's possible that asTypeCache and asTypeSoftCache could both be non-null i.e. we don't null out one of them, buy does not seem a problem.

src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandle.java

openjdk · 2021-08-26T18:14:21Z

@iwanowww This change now passes all automated pre-integration checks.

ℹ️ This project also has non-automated pre-integration requirements. Please see the file CONTRIBUTING.md for details.

After integration, the commit message for the final commit will be:

8078641: MethodHandle.asTypeCache can retain classes from unloading

Co-authored-by: Peter Levart <plevart@openjdk.org>
Co-authored-by: Vladimir Ivanov <vlivanov@openjdk.org>
Reviewed-by: psandoz, mchung, plevart

You can use pull request commands such as /summary, /contributor and /issue to adjust it as needed.

At the time when this comment was updated there had been 112 new commits pushed to the master branch:

ff4018b: 8268148: unchecked warnings handle ? and ? extends Object differently
8c37909: 8273234: extended 'for' with expression of type tvar causes the compiler to crash
28ba78e: 8244675: assert(IncrementalInline || (_late_inlines.length() == 0 && !has_mh_late_inlines()))
d05494f: 8266239: Some duplicated javac command-line options have repeated effect
93eec9a: 8272776: NullPointerException not reported
7b023a3: 8273257: jshell doesn't compile a sealed hierarchy with a sealed interface and a non-sealed leaf
f17ee0c: 8273263: Incorrect recovery attribution of record component type when j.l.Record is unavailable
fa9c865: 8273112: -Xloggc: should override -verbose:gc
dd87181: 8214761: Bug in parallel Kahan summation implementation
7fff22a: 8272805: Avoid looking up standard charsets
... and 102 more: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/compare/7f80683cfeee3c069f48d5bce45fa92b2381b518...master

As there are no conflicts, your changes will automatically be rebased on top of these commits when integrating. If you prefer to avoid this automatic rebasing, please check the documentation for the /integrate command for further details.

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mlchung

Thanks for fixing this. JEP 416 depends on this.

src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandle.java

iwanowww · 2021-09-01T16:19:07Z

Thanks for the reviews, Paul and Mandy.

What do you think about the latest version?

mlchung · 2021-09-01T17:28:38Z

src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandle.java

+
+    /* Returns true when {@code loader} keeps {@code cls} either directly or indirectly through the loader delegation chain. */
+    private static boolean keepsAlive(Class<?> cls, ClassLoader loader) {
+        return keepsAlive(cls.getClassLoader(), loader);


Suggested change

return keepsAlive(cls.getClassLoader(), loader);

ClassLoader defLoader = cls.getClassLoader();

if (isBuiltinLoader(defLoader)) {

return true; // built-in loaders are always reachable

}

return keepsAlive(defLoader, loader);

I think it's clearer to check if cls is not defined by any builtin loader here and then check if loader keeps cls alive.

So keepsAlive(ClassLoader loader1, ClassLoader loader2) is not needed and replace line 935 and 940 to keepsAlive(Class, ClassLoader) instead.

Sounds good.

Incorporated your suggestions along with some minor refactorings.

mlchung · 2021-09-03T00:09:17Z

This looks good to me.

For the change of MethodHandle::asType to a final method, this needs a CSR. Is this spec change intentional? I wonder if MethodHandle should be a sealed class instead. In any case, maybe you can consider the spec change as a separate issue.

iwanowww · 2021-09-03T12:01:12Z

For the change of MethodHandle::asType to a final method, this needs a CSR.

It is not allowed to extend/subclass MethodHandle outside java.lang.invoke package.
So, the aforementioned change doesn't have any compatibility risks. Do I miss something important?

    /**
     * Package-private constructor for the method handle implementation hierarchy.
     * Method handle inheritance will be contained completely within
     * the {@code java.lang.invoke} package.
     */
    // @param type type (permanently assigned) of the new method handle
    /*non-public*/
    MethodHandle(MethodType type, LambdaForm form) {

plevart · 2021-09-03T14:20:09Z

src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandle.java

+        }
+        if (asTypeSoftCache != null) {
+            atc = asTypeSoftCache.get();
+            if (newType == atc.type) {


NPE is possible here! act can be null as it is a result of SoftReference::get

Good catch! Fixed.

plevart · 2021-09-03T14:20:09Z

src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandle.java

+            return atc; // cache hit
+        }
+        if (asTypeSoftCache != null) {
+            atc = asTypeSoftCache.get();


NPE is possible here too! asTypeSoftCache is a non-volatile field which is read twice. First time in the if (...) condition, 2nd time in the line that de-references it to call .get(). This is a data-race since concurrent thread may be setting this field from null to non-null. Those two reads may get reordered. 1st read may return non-null while 2nd may return null. This can be avoided if the field is read just once by introducing a local variable to store its value.

plevart · 2021-09-03T14:20:09Z

src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandle.java

+        return loader;
+    }
+
+    /* Returns true when {@code loader} keeps {@code mt} either directly or indirectly through the loader delegation chain. */


Well, to be precise, loader can't keep mt alive. It would be better to say "keeps mt components alive" ...

plevart · 2021-09-03T14:20:09Z

src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/invoke/MethodHandle.java

+        ClassLoader defLoader = cls.getClassLoader();
+        if (isBuiltinLoader(defLoader)) {
+            return true; // built-in loaders are always reachable
+        }


No need for special case here. isAncestorLoaderOf(defLoader, loader) already handles this case.

Though the check is redundant, I find the current version clearer.

plevart · 2021-09-03T15:26:31Z

This looks good to me now.

stuart-marks · 2021-09-03T18:19:59Z

Did we want this to use a soft reference or a weak reference? The original bug report mentions weak references, and the typical approach for preventing caches from holding onto things unnecessarily is to use weak references. I haven't thought through the implications of using soft instead of weak references. (Sorry if I missed any discussion on this issue.)

iwanowww · 2021-09-03T18:51:26Z

Other MethodHandle/LambdaForm caches in java.lang.invoke deliberately rely on SoftReferences. (Only MethodType table uses WeakReference, but it is there for interning purposes.) MH adaptations are quite expensive (and may involve class loading), so it's beneficial to keep the result around for an extended period of time when circumstances allow.

On the other hand, MH.asType() case is special because it can hold user classes around which makes effective memory footprint of cached value much higher. So, WeakReference would enable more prompt recycling of heap memory at the expense of higher cache miss rate.

Personally, I'm in favor SoftReference here since it allows to get most of performance benefits out of the cache while preserving the correctness w.r.t. heap exhaustion.

stuart-marks · 2021-09-08T00:55:04Z

I don't have a strong opinion on whether this should use a SoftReference or a WeakReference. (In fact, one might say that I have a phantom opinion.) The main thing was that the bug report mentioned WeakReference but the commit here uses SoftReferences, and I didn't see any discussion about this change. You gave some reasons above for why SoftReference is preferable, and that's ok with me.

iwanowww · 2021-09-08T11:26:05Z

Thanks for the reviews, Mandy, Paul, Peter, and Stuart.

/integrate

openjdk · 2021-09-08T11:27:28Z

Going to push as commit 21012f2.
Since your change was applied there have been 150 commits pushed to the master branch:

1855574: 8273038: ChannelInputStream.transferTo() uses FileChannel.transferTo(FileChannel)
6750c34: 8270533: AArch64: size_fits_all_mem_uses should return false if its output is a CAS
a66629a: 8254167: G1: Record regions where evacuation failed to provide targeted iteration
286a1f6: 8273440: Zero: Disable runtime/Unsafe/InternalErrorTest.java
7d24a33: 8273318: Some containers/docker/TestJFREvents.java configs are running out of memory
1513dc7: 8271603: Unnecessary Vector usage in java.desktop
ea4907a: 8273047: test jfr/api/consumer/TestRecordedFrame.java timing out
4eacdb3: 8273104: Refactoring option parser for UL
8884d2f: 8273462: ProblemList vmTestbase/vm/mlvm/anonloader/stress/oome/heap/Test.java in -Xcomp mode
d6d6c06: 8273246: Amend the test java/nio/channels/DatagramChannel/ManySourcesAndTargets.java to execute in othervm mode
... and 140 more: https://git.openjdk.java.net/jdk/compare/7f80683cfeee3c069f48d5bce45fa92b2381b518...master

Your commit was automatically rebased without conflicts.

openjdk · 2021-09-08T11:27:45Z

@iwanowww Pushed as commit 21012f2.

💡 You may see a message that your pull request was closed with unmerged commits. This can be safely ignored.

mlchung · 2021-09-09T16:15:43Z

For the change of MethodHandle::asType to a final method, this needs a CSR.

It is not allowed to extend/subclass MethodHandle outside java.lang.invoke package.
So, the aforementioned change doesn't have any compatibility risks. Do I miss something important?
    /**
     * Package-private constructor for the method handle implementation hierarchy.
     * Method handle inheritance will be contained completely within
     * the {@code java.lang.invoke} package.
     */
    // @param type type (permanently assigned) of the new method handle
    /*non-public*/
    MethodHandle(MethodType type, LambdaForm form) {

Sorry for the late reply as I was on vacation and just return today.

Thanks for the clarification. I missed the fact that MethodHandle has no public constructor and cannot be extended. This is fine.

Vladimir Ivanov added 2 commits Aug 25, 2021

keepsAlive logic

84b5df3

Introduce 2nd level MethodHandle.asType cache

7ac1417

openjdk bot added the core-libs label Aug 25, 2021

Remove the assert

8715481

iwanowww marked this pull request as ready for review Aug 25, 2021

openjdk bot added the rfr label Aug 25, 2021

PaulSandoz approved these changes Aug 26, 2021

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openjdk / jdk Public

8078641: MethodHandle.asTypeCache can retain classes from unloading #5246

8078641: MethodHandle.asTypeCache can retain classes from unloading #5246

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8078641: MethodHandle.asTypeCache can retain classes from unloading #5246

8078641: MethodHandle.asTypeCache can retain classes from unloading #5246

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