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Compound period layout update
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layout: post | ||
title: Compound Period | ||
title: Compound period | ||
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The compound period (also called the *16-bar period* because its typical form is 16 bars long) is made of *two themes* instead of *two phrases*. Like an [8-bar period](period.html), the two halves of the compound period exhibit [antecedent](themeFunctions.html#antecedent) and [consequent](themeFunctions.html#consequent) function. To distinguish them, we will call these "large antecedents" and "large consequents." | ||
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The thematic types available to the two halves of the compound period must be conducive to the functions of antecedent and consequent. Thus, | ||
<ul> | ||
<li>the initiating phrase of the *large antecedent*, usually four bars long, will act as a basic idea - either presentation, antecedent, or compound basic idea; | ||
<li>the concluding half, also typically four bars long, will act as a contrasting idea and will always be a continuation;</li> | ||
<li>the *large consequent* should return the BI from the first theme (often varied), and its concluding CI will end with a strong cadence.</li> | ||
</ul> | ||
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- the initiating phrase of the *large antecedent*, usually four bars long, will act as a basic idea - either presentation, antecedent, or compound basic idea; | ||
- the concluding half, also typically four bars long, will act as a contrasting idea and will always be a continuation; | ||
- the *large consequent* should return the BI from the first theme (often varied), and its concluding CI will end with a strong cadence. | ||
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These functional requirements tend to result in three types of compound period. | ||
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###A Compound Period Comprised of Two Sentences | ||
## A Compound Period Comprised of Two Sentences | ||
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Both sentences in the compound period will have the same basic idea, each exhibiting presentation function. In the first sentence, the presentation is followed by a continuation that ends with a weak cadence. In the second, the continuation culminates in a strong cadence, most commonly a PAC. | ||
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<img src="Graphics/ClassicalThemes/16period-sent.svg" onerror="this.src='Graphics/ClassicalThemes/16period-sent.png'"> | ||
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<img src="Graphics/ClassicalThemes/16period-sent.svg" onerror="this.src='Graphics/ClassicalThemes/16period-sent.png'" /> | ||
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<figure> | ||
<img src="/Graphics/form/k284-ii.png"> | ||
<figcaption>Compound Period (Sent. + Sent.): Mozart, Piano Sonata in D major, K. 284, II, mm. 1–8 </figcaption> | ||
</figure> | ||
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<iframe src="https://embed.spotify.com/?uri=spotify%3Atrack%3A5nBf5P09DwNUA9XbwKueVI" width="300" height="80" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true"></iframe> | ||
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The large antecedent is constructed as a sentence whose basic idea is a presentation and whose contrasting idea is a continuation. Following the HC in m. 8, the next phrase restates the presentational basic idea in varied form. The final four measures culminate in a PAC. | ||
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###A Compound Period Comprised of Two Hybrids | ||
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## A Compound Period Comprised of Two Hybrids | ||
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If the initiating phrase is composed of an antecedent, rather than a presentation, the 8-bar antecedent phrase will be a hybrid of the ["antecedent + continuation"](hybridThemes.html#hybrid-1) variety. | ||
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<img src="Graphics/ClassicalThemes/16period-hybrid1.svg" onerror="this.src='Graphics/ClassicalThemes/16period-hybrid1.png'"> | ||
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<img src="Graphics/ClassicalThemes/16period-hybrid1.svg" onerror="this.src='Graphics/ClassicalThemes/16period-hybrid1.png'" /> | ||
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<figure> | ||
<img src="/Graphics/form/k332.png"> | ||
<figcaption>Compound Period (Hybrid 1 + Hybrid 1): Mozart, Piano Sonata in F major, K. 332, I, mm. 41–56 </figcaption> | ||
</figure> | ||
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In this example the large antecedent begins with a small antecedent, comprising mm. 41-44, that acts as a basic idea. In the large consequent, this basic idea returns (mm. 49-52) in varied form. | ||
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<iframe src="https://embed.spotify.com/?uri=spotify%3Atrack%3A0z0t5ihTRm0XSZSw8iRZ0T" width="300" height="80" frameborder="0" allowtransparency="true"></iframe> | ||
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By contrast, if the initiating phrase is composed of a ["compound basic idea"](hybridThemes.html#the-compound-basic-idea), the large antecedent will be a type-3 hybrid: compound basic idea + continuation. This type of compound period is *very similar* to the previous variety. The only distinction is that the initiating phrase will not culminate in a cadence, thus giving the theme's initiation a looser quality. | ||
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<img src="Graphics/ClassicalThemes/16period-hybrid3.svg" onerror="this.src='Graphics/ClassicalThemes/16period-hybrid3.png'"> | ||
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<img src="Graphics/ClassicalThemes/16period-hybrid3.svg" onerror="this.src='Graphics/ClassicalThemes/16period-hybrid3.png'" /> | ||
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