diff --git a/.ci/bwcVersions b/.ci/bwcVersions
index 144a8b71fca39..6a5db93053e3b 100644
--- a/.ci/bwcVersions
+++ b/.ci/bwcVersions
@@ -26,4 +26,5 @@ BWC_VERSION:
   - "2.10.1"
   - "2.11.0"
   - "2.11.1"
+  - "2.11.2"
   - "2.12.0"
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
index 65f909981595f..b74462afb27bd 100644
--- a/.gitattributes
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 * text eol=lf
+*.jar binary
 *.bat binary
 *.zip binary
 *.exe binary
diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
index 0defcaf727771..8c4f4d59ea1fc 100644
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -711,6 +711,14 @@ updates:
     labels:
       - "dependabot"
       - "dependencies"
+  - directory: /modules/crypto/
+    open-pull-requests-limit: 1
+    package-ecosystem: gradle
+    schedule:
+      interval: weekly
+    labels:
+      - "dependabot"
+      - "dependencies"
   - directory: /plugins/
     open-pull-requests-limit: 1
     package-ecosystem: gradle
diff --git a/.github/workflows/assemble.yml b/.github/workflows/assemble.yml
index 87cecdf38c072..382105364c048 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/assemble.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/assemble.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Set up JDK ${{ matrix.java }}
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
         with:
           java-version: ${{ matrix.java }}
           distribution: temurin
diff --git a/.github/workflows/lucene-snapshots.yml b/.github/workflows/lucene-snapshots.yml
index ec5893ea546a9..05ca93e7be2aa 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/lucene-snapshots.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lucene-snapshots.yml
@@ -7,7 +7,8 @@ on:
     # Inputs the workflow accepts.
     inputs:
       ref:
-        description:
+        description: 'Lucene ref in github.com/apache/lucene'
+        type: string
         required: false
         default: 'main'
 
@@ -21,33 +22,52 @@ jobs:
       contents: read
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Set up JDK 17
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v3
-        with:
-          java-version: '17'
-          distribution: 'adopt'
-
-      - name: Checkout Lucene
+      - name: Checkout Lucene ref:${{ github.event.inputs.ref }}
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           repository: 'apache/lucene'
-          path: lucene
           ref: ${{ github.event.inputs.ref }}
 
-      - name: Set hash
-        working-directory: ./lucene
+      - name: Get Java Min Version and Lucene Revision from Lucene Repository
         run: |
-          echo "REVISION=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-        id: version
+          java_version=`cat build.gradle | grep minJavaVersion | head -1 | grep -Eo '_[0-9]+$' | tr -d '_'`
+          echo "JAVA_VERSION=$java_version" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "REVISION=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD)" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Setup JDK ${{ env.JAVA_VERSION }}
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        with:
+          java-version: ${{ env.JAVA_VERSION }}
+          distribution: 'temurin'
 
       - name: Initialize gradle settings
-        working-directory: ./lucene
         run: ./gradlew localSettings
 
       - name: Publish Lucene to local maven repo.
-        working-directory: ./lucene
-        run: ./gradlew publishJarsPublicationToMavenLocal -Pversion.suffix=snapshot-${{ steps.version.outputs.REVISION }}
+        run: ./gradlew publishJarsPublicationToMavenLocal -Pversion.suffix=snapshot-${{ env.REVISION }}
+
+      - name: Configure AWS credentials
+        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v4
+        with:
+          role-to-assume: ${{ secrets.LUCENE_SNAPSHOTS_SECRET_ROLE }}
+          aws-region: us-east-1
+
+      - name: Get S3 Bucket
+        id: get_s3_bucket
+        run: |
+          lucene_snapshots_bucket=`aws secretsmanager get-secret-value --secret-id jenkins-artifact-bucket-name --query SecretString --output text`
+          echo "::add-mask::$lucene_snapshots_bucket"
+          echo "LUCENE_SNAPSHOTS_BUCKET=$lucene_snapshots_bucket" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Configure AWS credentials
+        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v4
+        with:
+          role-to-assume: ${{ secrets.LUCENE_SNAPSHOTS_S3_ROLE }}
+          aws-region: us-east-1
+
+      - name: Copy files to S3 with the aws CLI (New)
+        run: |
+          aws s3 cp ~/.m2/repository/org/apache/lucene/ s3://${{ steps.get_s3_bucket.outputs.LUCENE_SNAPSHOTS_BUCKET }}/snapshots/lucene/org/apache/lucene/  --recursive --no-progress
 
       - name: Configure AWS credentials
         uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v4
@@ -55,6 +75,7 @@ jobs:
           role-to-assume: ${{ secrets.LUCENE_SNAPSHOTS_ROLE }}
           aws-region: us-west-2
 
-      - name: Copy files to S3 with the aws CLI.
+        # We will remove this step once all the lucene snapshots old links are updated with the new one
+      - name: Copy files to S3 with the aws CLI (Old)
         run: |
           aws s3 cp ~/.m2/repository/org/apache/lucene/ s3://${{ secrets.LUCENE_SNAPSHOTS_BUCKET }}/snapshots/lucene/org/apache/lucene/  --recursive --no-progress
diff --git a/.github/workflows/precommit.yml b/.github/workflows/precommit.yml
index cd75eb47946a4..800aacec98516 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/precommit.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/precommit.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Set up JDK ${{ matrix.java }}
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
         with:
           java-version: ${{ matrix.java }}
           distribution: temurin
diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish-maven-snapshots.yml b/.github/workflows/publish-maven-snapshots.yml
index 93bbfb8bbeab8..1b2db22c7c20b 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/publish-maven-snapshots.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish-maven-snapshots.yml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - name: Set up JDK 17
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v3
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
         with:
           distribution: adopt
           java-version: 17
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index eff7656cc9f1c..444ca7c0d1ae8 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -12,17 +12,10 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
 - Introduce new dynamic cluster setting to control slice computation for concurrent segment search ([#9107](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/9107))
 - Implement on behalf of token passing for extensions ([#8679](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/8679), [#10664](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10664))
 - Provide service accounts tokens to extensions ([#9618](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/9618))
-- [Admission control] Add enhancements to FS stats to include read/write time, queue size and IO time ([#10541](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10541))
-- [Admission control] Add Resource usage collector service and resource usage tracker  ([#9890](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/9890))
-- [Remote cluster state] Change file names for remote cluster state ([#10557](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10557))
-- [Remote cluster state] Upload global metadata in cluster state to remote store([#10404](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10404))
-- [Remote cluster state] Download functionality of global metadata from remote store ([#10535](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10535))
-- [Remote cluster state] Restore global metadata from remote store when local state is lost after quorum loss ([#10404](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10404))
 - [AdmissionControl] Added changes for AdmissionControl Interceptor and AdmissionControlService for RateLimiting ([#9286](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/9286))
 - GHA to verify checklist items completion in PR descriptions ([#10800](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10800))
 - Allow to pass the list settings through environment variables (like [], ["a", "b", "c"], ...) ([#10625](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10625))
-- [Remote cluster state] Restore cluster state version during remote state auto restore ([#10853](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10853))
-- Add back half_float BKD based sort query optimization ([#11024](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11024))
+- [Admission Control] Integrate CPU AC with ResourceUsageCollector and add CPU AC stats to nodes/stats ([#10887](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10887))
 
 ### Dependencies
 - Bump `log4j-core` from 2.18.0 to 2.19.0
@@ -55,6 +48,7 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
 - Bumps jetty version to 9.4.52.v20230823 to fix GMS-2023-1857 ([#9822](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/9822))
 - Bump `org.eclipse.jgit` from 6.5.0 to 6.7.0 ([#10147](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10147))
 - Bump OpenTelemetry from 1.30.1 to 1.31.0 ([#10617](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10617))
+- Bump OpenTelemetry from 1.31.0 to 1.32.0 and OpenTelemetry Semconv from 1.21.0-alpha to 1.23.1-alpha ([#11305](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11305))
 
 ### Changed
 - [CCR] Add getHistoryOperationsFromTranslog method to fetch the history snapshot from translogs ([#3948](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/3948))
@@ -97,28 +91,43 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
 
 ## [Unreleased 2.x]
 ### Added
+- [Admission control] Add Resource usage collector service and resource usage tracker  ([#9890](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/9890))
+- [Admission control] Add enhancements to FS stats to include read/write time, queue size and IO time ([#10541](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10541))
+- [Remote cluster state] Change file names for remote cluster state ([#10557](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10557))
+- [Search Pipelines] Add request-scoped state shared between processors (and three new processors) ([#9405](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/9405))
 - Per request phase latency ([#10351](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/10351))
-- Request level coordinator slow logs ([#10650](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10650))
 - [Remote Store] Add repository stats for remote store([#10567](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10567))
-- Add search query categorizer ([#10255](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10255))
-- Introduce ConcurrentQueryProfiler to profile query using concurrent segment search path and support concurrency during rewrite and create weight ([10352](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10352))
-- Update the indexRandom function to create more segments for concurrent search tests ([10247](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10247))
+- [Remote cluster state] Upload global metadata in cluster state to remote store([#10404](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10404))
+- [Remote cluster state] Download functionality of global metadata from remote store ([#10535](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10535))
+- [Remote cluster state] Restore global metadata from remote store when local state is lost after quorum loss ([#10404](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10404))
 - [Remote cluster state] Make index and global metadata upload timeout dynamic cluster settings ([#10814](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10814))
+- Add search query categorizer ([#10255](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10255))
+- Per request phase latency ([#10351](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/10351))
 - Add cluster state stats ([#10670](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10670))
-- Adding slf4j license header to LoggerMessageFormat.java ([#11069](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11069))
+- [Remote cluster state] Restore cluster state version during remote state auto restore ([#10853](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10853))
+- Update the indexRandom function to create more segments for concurrent search tests ([10247](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10247))
+- Add support for query profiler with concurrent aggregation ([#9248](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/9248))
+- Introduce ConcurrentQueryProfiler to profile query using concurrent segment search path and support concurrency during rewrite and create weight ([10352](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10352))
+- Implement on behalf of token passing for extensions ([#8679](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/8679))
+- Provide service accounts tokens to extensions ([#9618](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/9618))
 - [Streaming Indexing] Introduce new experimental server HTTP transport based on Netty 4 and Project Reactor (Reactor Netty) ([#9672](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/9672))
+- Add back half_float BKD based sort query optimization ([#11024](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11024))
+- Request level coordinator slow logs ([#10650](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10650))
 - Add template snippets support for field and target_field in KV ingest processor ([#10040](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10040))
 - Allowing pipeline processors to access index mapping info by passing ingest service ref as part of the processor factory parameters ([#10307](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10307))
+- Make number of segment metadata files in remote segment store configurable ([#11329](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11329))
+- Allow changing number of replicas of searchable snapshot index ([#11317](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11317))
+- Adding slf4j license header to LoggerMessageFormat.java ([#11069](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11069))
 
 ### Dependencies
-- Bump `com.google.api.grpc:proto-google-common-protos` from 2.10.0 to 2.25.1 ([#10208](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10208), [#10298](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10298))
 - Bump Lucene from 9.7.0 to 9.8.0 ([10276](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10276))
+- Bump `commons-io:commons-io` from 2.13.0 to 2.15.1 ([#10294](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10294), [#11001](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11001), [#11002](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11002), [#11446](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11446))
+- Bump `com.google.api.grpc:proto-google-common-protos` from 2.10.0 to 2.25.1 ([#10208](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10208), [#10298](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10298))
 - Bump `com.netflix.nebula.ospackage-base` from 11.4.0 to 11.5.0 ([#10295](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10295))
-- Bump `org.bouncycastle:bc-fips` from 1.0.2.3 to 1.0.2.4 ([#10297](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10297))
 - Bump `org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper` from 3.9.0 to 3.9.1 ([#10506](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10506))
 - Bump `de.thetaphi:forbiddenapis` from 3.5.1 to 3.6 ([#10508](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10508))
-- Bump `commons-io:commons-io` from 2.13.0 to 2.14.0 ([#10294](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10294))
 - Bump `org.codehaus.woodstox:stax2-api` from 4.2.1 to 4.2.2 ([#10639](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10639))
+- Bump `org.bouncycastle:bc-fips` from 1.0.2.3 to 1.0.2.4 ([#10297](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10297))
 - Bump `com.google.http-client:google-http-client` from 1.43.2 to 1.43.3 ([#10635](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10635))
 - Bump `com.squareup.okio:okio` from 3.5.0 to 3.6.0 ([#10637](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10637))
 - Bump `org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-core` from 2.20.0 to 2.22.0 ([#10858](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10858), [#11000](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11000), [#11270](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11270))
@@ -127,6 +136,15 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
 - Bump `actions/github-script` from 6 to 7 ([#11271](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11271))
 - Bump `jackson` and `jackson_databind` from 2.15.2 to 2.16.0 ([#11273](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11273))
 - Bump `netty` from 4.1.100.Final to 4.1.101.Final ([#11294](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11294))
+- Bump `com.avast.gradle:gradle-docker-compose-plugin` from 0.16.12 to 0.17.5 ([#10163](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10163))
+- Bump `com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp` from 4.11.0 to 4.12.0 ([#10861](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10861))
+- Bump `org.apache.commons:commons-text` from 1.10.0 to 1.11.0 ([#11344](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11344))
+- Bump `reactor-netty-core` from 1.1.12 to 1.1.13 ([#11350](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11350))
+- Bump `com.gradle.enterprise` from 3.14.1 to 3.15.1 ([#11339](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11339))
+- Bump `actions/setup-java` from 3 to 4 ([#11447](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11447))
+- Bump `commons-net:commons-net` from 3.9.0 to 3.10.0 ([#11450](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11450))
+- Bump `org.apache.maven:maven-model` from 3.9.4 to 3.9.6 ([#11445](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11445))
+- Bump `org.apache.xmlbeans:xmlbeans` from 5.1.1 to 5.2.0 ([#11448](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11448))
 
 ### Changed
 - Mute the query profile IT with concurrent execution ([#9840](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/9840))
@@ -140,8 +158,12 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
 - Disallow removing some metadata fields by remove ingest processor ([#10895](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10895))
 - Refactor common parts from the Rounding class into a separate 'round' package ([#11023](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/11023))
 - Performance improvement for MultiTerm Queries on Keyword fields ([#7057](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/7057))
+- Performance improvement for date histogram aggregations without sub-aggregations ([#11083](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11083))
 - Disable concurrent aggs for Diversified Sampler and Sampler aggs ([#11087](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/11087))
 - Made leader/follower check timeout setting dynamic ([#10528](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10528))
+- Improve boolean parsing performance ([#11308](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11308))
+- Interpret byte array as primitive using VarHandles ([#11362](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11362))
+- Change error message when per shard document limit is breached ([#11312](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11312))
 
 ### Deprecated
 
@@ -159,6 +181,9 @@ The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
 - Fix per request latency last phase not tracked ([#10934](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/10934))
 - Fix for stuck update action in a bulk with `retry_on_conflict` property ([#11152](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/11152))
 - Fix the issue with DefaultSpanScope restoring wrong span in the TracerContextStorage upon detach ([#11316](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/11316))
+- Remove shadowJar from `lang-painless` module publication ([#11369](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/11369))
+- Fix remote shards balancer and remove unused variables ([#11167](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11167))
+- Fix bug where replication lag grows post primary relocation ([#11238](https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/pull/11238))
 
 ### Security
 
diff --git a/benchmarks/build.gradle b/benchmarks/build.gradle
index 02aa9319cc583..6b4634c7e791c 100644
--- a/benchmarks/build.gradle
+++ b/benchmarks/build.gradle
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ application {
 }
 
 base {
-  archivesBaseName = 'opensearch-benchmarks'
+  archivesName = 'opensearch-benchmarks'
 }
 
 test.enabled = false
diff --git a/build.gradle b/build.gradle
index 9d62e942a4431..b1cd1d532bfeb 100644
--- a/build.gradle
+++ b/build.gradle
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ allprojects {
         } else {
           // Link to non-shadowed dependant projects
           project.javadoc.dependsOn "${upstreamProject.path}:javadoc"
-          String externalLinkName = upstreamProject.base.archivesBaseName
+          String externalLinkName = upstreamProject.base.archivesName
           String artifactPath = dep.group.replaceAll('\\.', '/') + '/' + externalLinkName.replaceAll('\\.', '/') + '/' + dep.version
           String projectRelativePath = project.relativePath(upstreamProject.buildDir)
           project.javadoc.options.linksOffline artifactsHost + "/javadoc/" + artifactPath, "${projectRelativePath}/docs/javadoc/"
diff --git a/buildSrc/build.gradle b/buildSrc/build.gradle
index 6d3e0f018657e..b8db8504d5b85 100644
--- a/buildSrc/build.gradle
+++ b/buildSrc/build.gradle
@@ -109,15 +109,15 @@ dependencies {
   api 'com.netflix.nebula:nebula-publishing-plugin:20.3.0'
   api 'com.netflix.nebula:gradle-info-plugin:12.1.6'
   api 'org.apache.rat:apache-rat:0.15'
-  api 'commons-io:commons-io:2.13.0'
+  api 'commons-io:commons-io:2.15.1'
   api "net.java.dev.jna:jna:5.13.0"
   api 'com.github.johnrengelman:shadow:8.1.1'
   api 'org.jdom:jdom2:2.0.6.1'
   api "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:${props.getProperty('kotlin')}"
   api 'de.thetaphi:forbiddenapis:3.6'
-  api 'com.avast.gradle:gradle-docker-compose-plugin:0.16.12'
+  api 'com.avast.gradle:gradle-docker-compose-plugin:0.17.5'
   api "org.yaml:snakeyaml:${props.getProperty('snakeyaml')}"
-  api 'org.apache.maven:maven-model:3.9.4'
+  api 'org.apache.maven:maven-model:3.9.6'
   api 'com.networknt:json-schema-validator:1.0.86'
   api 'org.jruby.jcodings:jcodings:1.0.58'
   api 'org.jruby.joni:joni:2.2.1'
diff --git a/buildSrc/src/main/groovy/org/opensearch/gradle/plugin/PluginBuildPlugin.groovy b/buildSrc/src/main/groovy/org/opensearch/gradle/plugin/PluginBuildPlugin.groovy
index 556763333d279..13f5f8724c6f2 100644
--- a/buildSrc/src/main/groovy/org/opensearch/gradle/plugin/PluginBuildPlugin.groovy
+++ b/buildSrc/src/main/groovy/org/opensearch/gradle/plugin/PluginBuildPlugin.groovy
@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class PluginBuildPlugin implements Plugin<Project> {
             String name = extension1.name
 
             BasePluginExtension base = project.getExtensions().findByType(BasePluginExtension.class)
-            base.archivesBaseName = name
+            base.archivesName = name
             project.description = extension1.description
 
             if (extension1.name == null) {
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ class PluginBuildPlugin implements Plugin<Project> {
         // Only configure publishing if applied externally
         if (extension.hasClientJar) {
             project.pluginManager.apply('com.netflix.nebula.maven-base-publish')
-            // Only change Jar tasks, we don't want a -client zip so we can't change archivesBaseName
+            // Only change Jar tasks, we don't want a -client zip so we can't change archivesName
             project.tasks.withType(Jar) {
                 archiveBaseName = archiveBaseName.get() +  "-client"
             }
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ class PluginBuildPlugin implements Plugin<Project> {
             project.publishing.publications.nebula(MavenPublication).artifactId(extension.name + "-client")
             final BasePluginExtension base = project.getExtensions().findByType(BasePluginExtension.class)
             project.tasks.withType(GenerateMavenPom.class).configureEach { GenerateMavenPom generatePOMTask ->
-                generatePOMTask.destination = "${project.buildDir}/distributions/${base.archivesBaseName}-client-${project.versions.opensearch}.pom"
+                generatePOMTask.destination = "${project.buildDir}/distributions/${base.archivesName}-client-${project.versions.opensearch}.pom"
             }
         } else {
             if (project.plugins.hasPlugin(MavenPublishPlugin)) {
diff --git a/buildSrc/src/main/java/org/opensearch/gradle/PublishPlugin.java b/buildSrc/src/main/java/org/opensearch/gradle/PublishPlugin.java
index 97e923c366598..7ec21bba18c64 100644
--- a/buildSrc/src/main/java/org/opensearch/gradle/PublishPlugin.java
+++ b/buildSrc/src/main/java/org/opensearch/gradle/PublishPlugin.java
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ public void apply(Project project) {
     }
 
     private static String getArchivesBaseName(Project project) {
-        return project.getExtensions().getByType(BasePluginExtension.class).getArchivesBaseName();
+        return project.getExtensions().getByType(BasePluginExtension.class).getArchivesName().get();
     }
 
     /**Configuration generation of maven poms. */
diff --git a/buildSrc/src/main/java/org/opensearch/gradle/testfixtures/TestFixturesPlugin.java b/buildSrc/src/main/java/org/opensearch/gradle/testfixtures/TestFixturesPlugin.java
index 3aba941875115..c9e18426966f9 100644
--- a/buildSrc/src/main/java/org/opensearch/gradle/testfixtures/TestFixturesPlugin.java
+++ b/buildSrc/src/main/java/org/opensearch/gradle/testfixtures/TestFixturesPlugin.java
@@ -170,6 +170,7 @@ public void execute(Task task) {
                 .findFirst();
 
             composeExtension.getExecutable().set(dockerCompose.isPresent() ? dockerCompose.get() : "/usr/bin/docker");
+            composeExtension.getUseDockerComposeV2().set(false);
 
             tasks.named("composeUp").configure(t -> {
                 // Avoid running docker-compose tasks in parallel in CI due to some issues on certain Linux distributions
diff --git a/buildSrc/version.properties b/buildSrc/version.properties
index c11e0aa25fa48..74d655cfb1045 100644
--- a/buildSrc/version.properties
+++ b/buildSrc/version.properties
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ netty             = 4.1.101.Final
 joda              = 2.12.2
 
 # project reactor
-reactor_netty     = 1.1.12
+reactor_netty     = 1.1.13
 reactor           = 3.5.11
 
 # client dependencies
@@ -70,5 +70,5 @@ jzlib             = 1.1.3
 resteasy          = 6.2.4.Final
 
 # opentelemetry dependencies
-opentelemetry         = 1.31.0
-opentelemetrysemconv  = 1.21.0-alpha
+opentelemetry         = 1.32.0
+opentelemetrysemconv  = 1.23.1-alpha
diff --git a/client/benchmark/build.gradle b/client/benchmark/build.gradle
index 6fd5262f0ab4f..c1af5fa92e35c 100644
--- a/client/benchmark/build.gradle
+++ b/client/benchmark/build.gradle
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ apply plugin: 'application'
 
 base {
   group = 'org.opensearch.client'
-  archivesBaseName = 'client-benchmarks'
+  archivesName = 'client-benchmarks'
 }
 
 // Not published so no need to assemble
diff --git a/client/rest-high-level/build.gradle b/client/rest-high-level/build.gradle
index 770cb3f78ca47..fdc93d8037ce6 100644
--- a/client/rest-high-level/build.gradle
+++ b/client/rest-high-level/build.gradle
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ apply plugin: 'opensearch.rest-resources'
 
 base {
   group = 'org.opensearch.client'
-  archivesBaseName = 'opensearch-rest-high-level-client'
+  archivesName = 'opensearch-rest-high-level-client'
 }
 
 restResources {
diff --git a/client/rest/build.gradle b/client/rest/build.gradle
index 2c437c909fb03..ff3c322c5ccf7 100644
--- a/client/rest/build.gradle
+++ b/client/rest/build.gradle
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ java {
 
 base {
   group = 'org.opensearch.client'
-  archivesBaseName = 'opensearch-rest-client'
+  archivesName = 'opensearch-rest-client'
 }
 
 dependencies {
diff --git a/client/sniffer/build.gradle b/client/sniffer/build.gradle
index f645b2dbbc933..4b50a996d1f9f 100644
--- a/client/sniffer/build.gradle
+++ b/client/sniffer/build.gradle
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ java {
 
 base {
   group = 'org.opensearch.client'
-  archivesBaseName = 'opensearch-rest-client-sniffer'
+  archivesName = 'opensearch-rest-client-sniffer'
 }
 
 dependencies {
diff --git a/distribution/archives/darwin-arm64-tar/build.gradle b/distribution/archives/darwin-arm64-tar/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/archives/darwin-arm64-tar/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/archives/darwin-tar/build.gradle b/distribution/archives/darwin-tar/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/archives/darwin-tar/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/archives/freebsd-tar/build.gradle b/distribution/archives/freebsd-tar/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/archives/freebsd-tar/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/archives/integ-test-zip/build.gradle b/distribution/archives/integ-test-zip/build.gradle
index 9418223b0a44d..ffaea5e8ca771 100644
--- a/distribution/archives/integ-test-zip/build.gradle
+++ b/distribution/archives/integ-test-zip/build.gradle
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ apply plugin: 'com.netflix.nebula.maven-publish'
 
 base {
   group = "org.opensearch.distribution.integ-test-zip"
-  archivesBaseName = "opensearch"
+  archivesName = "opensearch"
 }
 
 integTest {
diff --git a/distribution/archives/jre-linux-tar/build.gradle b/distribution/archives/jre-linux-tar/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/archives/jre-linux-tar/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/archives/linux-arm64-tar/build.gradle b/distribution/archives/linux-arm64-tar/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/archives/linux-arm64-tar/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/archives/linux-ppc64le-tar/build.gradle b/distribution/archives/linux-ppc64le-tar/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/archives/linux-ppc64le-tar/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/archives/linux-s390x-tar/build.gradle b/distribution/archives/linux-s390x-tar/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/archives/linux-s390x-tar/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/archives/linux-tar/build.gradle b/distribution/archives/linux-tar/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/archives/linux-tar/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/archives/no-jdk-darwin-arm64-tar/build.gradle b/distribution/archives/no-jdk-darwin-arm64-tar/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/archives/no-jdk-darwin-arm64-tar/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/archives/no-jdk-darwin-tar/build.gradle b/distribution/archives/no-jdk-darwin-tar/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/archives/no-jdk-darwin-tar/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/archives/no-jdk-freebsd-tar/build.gradle b/distribution/archives/no-jdk-freebsd-tar/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/archives/no-jdk-freebsd-tar/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/archives/no-jdk-linux-arm64-tar/build.gradle b/distribution/archives/no-jdk-linux-arm64-tar/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/archives/no-jdk-linux-arm64-tar/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/archives/no-jdk-linux-ppc64le-tar/build.gradle b/distribution/archives/no-jdk-linux-ppc64le-tar/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/archives/no-jdk-linux-ppc64le-tar/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/archives/no-jdk-linux-tar/build.gradle b/distribution/archives/no-jdk-linux-tar/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/archives/no-jdk-linux-tar/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/archives/no-jdk-windows-zip/build.gradle b/distribution/archives/no-jdk-windows-zip/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/archives/no-jdk-windows-zip/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/archives/windows-zip/build.gradle b/distribution/archives/windows-zip/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/archives/windows-zip/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/docker/docker-arm64-build-context/build.gradle b/distribution/docker/docker-arm64-build-context/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/docker/docker-arm64-build-context/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/docker/docker-arm64-export/build.gradle b/distribution/docker/docker-arm64-export/build.gradle
index 3506c4e39c234..62f3dc68b0c8e 100644
--- a/distribution/docker/docker-arm64-export/build.gradle
+++ b/distribution/docker/docker-arm64-export/build.gradle
@@ -11,3 +11,5 @@
 
 // This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
 // export is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/docker/docker-export/build.gradle b/distribution/docker/docker-export/build.gradle
index 3506c4e39c234..62f3dc68b0c8e 100644
--- a/distribution/docker/docker-export/build.gradle
+++ b/distribution/docker/docker-export/build.gradle
@@ -11,3 +11,5 @@
 
 // This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
 // export is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/docker/docker-ppc64le-export/build.gradle b/distribution/docker/docker-ppc64le-export/build.gradle
index 820a0cdf69dfc..ae7def32c4d6c 100644
--- a/distribution/docker/docker-ppc64le-export/build.gradle
+++ b/distribution/docker/docker-ppc64le-export/build.gradle
@@ -10,3 +10,5 @@
 
 // This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
 // export is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/docker/docker-s390x-export/build.gradle b/distribution/docker/docker-s390x-export/build.gradle
index 3506c4e39c234..62f3dc68b0c8e 100644
--- a/distribution/docker/docker-s390x-export/build.gradle
+++ b/distribution/docker/docker-s390x-export/build.gradle
@@ -11,3 +11,5 @@
 
 // This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
 // export is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/packages/arm64-deb/build.gradle b/distribution/packages/arm64-deb/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/packages/arm64-deb/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/packages/arm64-no-jdk-deb/build.gradle b/distribution/packages/arm64-no-jdk-deb/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/packages/arm64-no-jdk-deb/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/packages/arm64-no-jdk-rpm/build.gradle b/distribution/packages/arm64-no-jdk-rpm/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/packages/arm64-no-jdk-rpm/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/packages/arm64-rpm/build.gradle b/distribution/packages/arm64-rpm/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/packages/arm64-rpm/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/packages/deb/build.gradle b/distribution/packages/deb/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/packages/deb/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/packages/no-jdk-arm64-deb/build.gradle b/distribution/packages/no-jdk-arm64-deb/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/packages/no-jdk-arm64-deb/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/packages/no-jdk-arm64-rpm/build.gradle b/distribution/packages/no-jdk-arm64-rpm/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/packages/no-jdk-arm64-rpm/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/packages/no-jdk-deb/build.gradle b/distribution/packages/no-jdk-deb/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/packages/no-jdk-deb/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/packages/no-jdk-rpm/build.gradle b/distribution/packages/no-jdk-rpm/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/packages/no-jdk-rpm/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/packages/rpm/build.gradle b/distribution/packages/rpm/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/distribution/packages/rpm/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/distribution/tools/launchers/build.gradle b/distribution/tools/launchers/build.gradle
index e75267f7c4a74..aee205a24dea3 100644
--- a/distribution/tools/launchers/build.gradle
+++ b/distribution/tools/launchers/build.gradle
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ dependencies {
 }
 
 base {
-  archivesBaseName = 'opensearch-launchers'
+  archivesName = 'opensearch-launchers'
 }
 
 tasks.withType(CheckForbiddenApis).configureEach {
diff --git a/distribution/tools/plugin-cli/build.gradle b/distribution/tools/plugin-cli/build.gradle
index b61a00aba04bc..f40fb1c4b0a9f 100644
--- a/distribution/tools/plugin-cli/build.gradle
+++ b/distribution/tools/plugin-cli/build.gradle
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 apply plugin: 'opensearch.build'
 
 base {
-  archivesBaseName = 'opensearch-plugin-cli'
+  archivesName = 'opensearch-plugin-cli'
 }
 
 dependencies {
diff --git a/distribution/tools/upgrade-cli/build.gradle b/distribution/tools/upgrade-cli/build.gradle
index 99824463f14f8..92c043132c021 100644
--- a/distribution/tools/upgrade-cli/build.gradle
+++ b/distribution/tools/upgrade-cli/build.gradle
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 apply plugin: 'opensearch.build'
 
 base {
-  archivesBaseName = 'opensearch-upgrade-cli'
+  archivesName = 'opensearch-upgrade-cli'
 }
 
 dependencies {
diff --git a/docs/build.gradle b/docs/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar
index 7f93135c49b76..d64cd4917707c 100644
Binary files a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar and b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.jar differ
diff --git a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
index adfb521550eb9..f1d76d80bbfa3 100644
--- a/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
+++ b/gradle/wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 distributionBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 distributionPath=wrapper/dists
-distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.4-all.zip
+distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-8.5-all.zip
 zipStoreBase=GRADLE_USER_HOME
 zipStorePath=wrapper/dists
-distributionSha256Sum=f2b9ed0faf8472cbe469255ae6c86eddb77076c75191741b4a462f33128dd419
+distributionSha256Sum=c16d517b50dd28b3f5838f0e844b7520b8f1eb610f2f29de7e4e04a1b7c9c79b
diff --git a/libs/common/build.gradle b/libs/common/build.gradle
index 973fe30d09842..4f89b81636420 100644
--- a/libs/common/build.gradle
+++ b/libs/common/build.gradle
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import org.opensearch.gradle.info.BuildParams
 apply plugin: 'opensearch.publish'
 
 base {
-  archivesBaseName = 'opensearch-common'
+  archivesName = 'opensearch-common'
 }
 
 dependencies {
diff --git a/libs/common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/Booleans.java b/libs/common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/Booleans.java
index 2ca061820b2eb..ab7ad37e92612 100644
--- a/libs/common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/Booleans.java
+++ b/libs/common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/Booleans.java
@@ -45,30 +45,72 @@ private Booleans() {
     /**
      * Parses a char[] representation of a boolean value to <code>boolean</code>.
      *
-     * @return <code>true</code> iff the sequence of chars is "true", <code>false</code> iff the sequence of chars is "false" or the
-     * provided default value iff either text is <code>null</code> or length == 0.
+     * @return <code>true</code> iff the sequence of chars is "true", <code>false</code> iff the sequence of
+     * chars is "false" or the provided default value iff either text is <code>null</code> or length == 0.
      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the string cannot be parsed to boolean.
      */
     public static boolean parseBoolean(char[] text, int offset, int length, boolean defaultValue) {
-        if (text == null || length == 0) {
+        if (text == null) {
             return defaultValue;
-        } else {
-            return parseBoolean(new String(text, offset, length));
         }
+
+        switch (length) {
+            case 0:
+                return defaultValue;
+            case 1:
+            case 2:
+            case 3:
+            default:
+                break;
+            case 4:
+                if (text[offset] == 't' && text[offset + 1] == 'r' && text[offset + 2] == 'u' && text[offset + 3] == 'e') {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                break;
+            case 5:
+                if (text[offset] == 'f'
+                    && text[offset + 1] == 'a'
+                    && text[offset + 2] == 'l'
+                    && text[offset + 3] == 's'
+                    && text[offset + 4] == 'e') {
+                    return false;
+                }
+                break;
+        }
+
+        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+            "Failed to parse value [" + new String(text, offset, length) + "] as only [true] or [false] are allowed."
+        );
     }
 
     /**
-     * returns true iff the sequence of chars is one of "true","false".
+     * Returns true iff the sequence of chars is one of "true", "false".
      *
      * @param text   sequence to check
      * @param offset offset to start
      * @param length length to check
      */
     public static boolean isBoolean(char[] text, int offset, int length) {
-        if (text == null || length == 0) {
+        if (text == null) {
             return false;
         }
-        return isBoolean(new String(text, offset, length));
+
+        switch (length) {
+            case 0:
+            case 1:
+            case 2:
+            case 3:
+            default:
+                return false;
+            case 4:
+                return text[offset] == 't' && text[offset + 1] == 'r' && text[offset + 2] == 'u' && text[offset + 3] == 'e';
+            case 5:
+                return text[offset] == 'f'
+                    && text[offset + 1] == 'a'
+                    && text[offset + 2] == 'l'
+                    && text[offset + 3] == 's'
+                    && text[offset + 4] == 'e';
+        }
     }
 
     public static boolean isBoolean(String value) {
@@ -91,63 +133,45 @@ public static boolean parseBoolean(String value) {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException("Failed to parse value [" + value + "] as only [true] or [false] are allowed.");
     }
 
-    private static boolean hasText(CharSequence str) {
-        if (str == null || str.length() == 0) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        int strLen = str.length();
-        for (int i = 0; i < strLen; i++) {
-            if (!Character.isWhitespace(str.charAt(i))) {
-                return true;
-            }
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
     /**
+     * Parses a string representation of a boolean value to <code>boolean</code>.
+     * Note the subtle difference between this and {@link #parseBoolean(char[], int, int, boolean)}; this returns the
+     * default value even when the value is non-zero length containing all whitespaces (possibly overlooked, but
+     * preserving this behavior for compatibility reasons). Use {@link #parseBooleanStrict(String, boolean)} instead.
      *
      * @param value text to parse.
-     * @param defaultValue The default value to return if the provided value is <code>null</code>.
+     * @param defaultValue The default value to return if the provided value is <code>null</code> or blank.
      * @return see {@link #parseBoolean(String)}
      */
+    @Deprecated
     public static boolean parseBoolean(String value, boolean defaultValue) {
-        if (hasText(value)) {
-            return parseBoolean(value);
-        }
-        return defaultValue;
-    }
-
-    public static Boolean parseBoolean(String value, Boolean defaultValue) {
-        if (hasText(value)) {
-            return parseBoolean(value);
+        if (value == null || value.isBlank()) {
+            return defaultValue;
         }
-        return defaultValue;
+        return parseBoolean(value);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Returns {@code false} if text is in "false", "0", "off", "no"; else, {@code true}.
-     *
-     * @deprecated Only kept to provide automatic upgrades for pre 6.0 indices. Use {@link #parseBoolean(String, Boolean)} instead.
-     */
     @Deprecated
-    public static Boolean parseBooleanLenient(String value, Boolean defaultValue) {
-        if (value == null) { // only for the null case we do that here!
+    public static Boolean parseBoolean(String value, Boolean defaultValue) {
+        if (value == null || value.isBlank()) {
             return defaultValue;
         }
-        return parseBooleanLenient(value, false);
+        return parseBoolean(value);
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns {@code false} if text is in "false", "0", "off", "no"; else, {@code true}.
+     * Parses a string representation of a boolean value to <code>boolean</code>.
+     * Analogous to {@link #parseBoolean(char[], int, int, boolean)}.
      *
-     * @deprecated Only kept to provide automatic upgrades for pre 6.0 indices. Use {@link #parseBoolean(String, boolean)} instead.
+     * @return <code>true</code> iff the sequence of chars is "true", <code>false</code> iff the sequence of
+     * chars is "false", or the provided default value iff either text is <code>null</code> or length == 0.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the string cannot be parsed to boolean.
      */
-    @Deprecated
-    public static boolean parseBooleanLenient(String value, boolean defaultValue) {
-        if (value == null) {
+    public static boolean parseBooleanStrict(String value, boolean defaultValue) {
+        if (value == null || value.length() == 0) {
             return defaultValue;
         }
-        return !(value.equals("false") || value.equals("0") || value.equals("off") || value.equals("no"));
+        return parseBoolean(value);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -163,71 +187,4 @@ public static boolean isFalse(String value) {
     public static boolean isTrue(String value) {
         return "true".equals(value);
     }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns {@code false} if text is in "false", "0", "off", "no"; else, {@code true}.
-     *
-     * @deprecated Only kept to provide automatic upgrades for pre 6.0 indices. Use {@link #parseBoolean(char[], int, int, boolean)} instead
-     */
-    @Deprecated
-    public static boolean parseBooleanLenient(char[] text, int offset, int length, boolean defaultValue) {
-        if (text == null || length == 0) {
-            return defaultValue;
-        }
-        if (length == 1) {
-            return text[offset] != '0';
-        }
-        if (length == 2) {
-            return !(text[offset] == 'n' && text[offset + 1] == 'o');
-        }
-        if (length == 3) {
-            return !(text[offset] == 'o' && text[offset + 1] == 'f' && text[offset + 2] == 'f');
-        }
-        if (length == 5) {
-            return !(text[offset] == 'f'
-                && text[offset + 1] == 'a'
-                && text[offset + 2] == 'l'
-                && text[offset + 3] == 's'
-                && text[offset + 4] == 'e');
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * returns true if the a sequence of chars is one of "true","false","on","off","yes","no","0","1"
-     *
-     * @param text   sequence to check
-     * @param offset offset to start
-     * @param length length to check
-     *
-     * @deprecated Only kept to provide automatic upgrades for pre 6.0 indices. Use {@link #isBoolean(char[], int, int)} instead.
-     */
-    @Deprecated
-    public static boolean isBooleanLenient(char[] text, int offset, int length) {
-        if (text == null || length == 0) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        if (length == 1) {
-            return text[offset] == '0' || text[offset] == '1';
-        }
-        if (length == 2) {
-            return (text[offset] == 'n' && text[offset + 1] == 'o') || (text[offset] == 'o' && text[offset + 1] == 'n');
-        }
-        if (length == 3) {
-            return (text[offset] == 'o' && text[offset + 1] == 'f' && text[offset + 2] == 'f')
-                || (text[offset] == 'y' && text[offset + 1] == 'e' && text[offset + 2] == 's');
-        }
-        if (length == 4) {
-            return (text[offset] == 't' && text[offset + 1] == 'r' && text[offset + 2] == 'u' && text[offset + 3] == 'e');
-        }
-        if (length == 5) {
-            return (text[offset] == 'f'
-                && text[offset + 1] == 'a'
-                && text[offset + 2] == 'l'
-                && text[offset + 3] == 's'
-                && text[offset + 4] == 'e');
-        }
-        return false;
-    }
-
 }
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/common/BooleansTests.java b/libs/common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/common/BooleansTests.java
similarity index 58%
rename from server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/common/BooleansTests.java
rename to libs/common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/common/BooleansTests.java
index 7e4a0ad8e456b..578ec742d126d 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/common/BooleansTests.java
+++ b/libs/common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/common/BooleansTests.java
@@ -34,10 +34,7 @@
 
 import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchTestCase;
 
-import java.util.Locale;
-
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
-import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.nullValue;
 
 public class BooleansTests extends OpenSearchTestCase {
     private static final String[] NON_BOOLEANS = new String[] {
@@ -81,8 +78,23 @@ public void testParseBooleanWithFallback() {
         assertFalse(Booleans.parseBoolean(null, Boolean.FALSE));
         assertTrue(Booleans.parseBoolean(null, Boolean.TRUE));
 
+        assertFalse(Booleans.parseBoolean("", false));
+        assertTrue(Booleans.parseBoolean("", true));
+        assertNull(Booleans.parseBoolean("", null));
+        assertFalse(Booleans.parseBoolean("", Boolean.FALSE));
+        assertTrue(Booleans.parseBoolean("", Boolean.TRUE));
+
+        assertFalse(Booleans.parseBoolean(" \t\n", false));
+        assertTrue(Booleans.parseBoolean(" \t\n", true));
+        assertNull(Booleans.parseBoolean(" \t\n", null));
+        assertFalse(Booleans.parseBoolean(" \t\n", Boolean.FALSE));
+        assertTrue(Booleans.parseBoolean(" \t\n", Boolean.TRUE));
+
         assertTrue(Booleans.parseBoolean("true", randomFrom(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE, null)));
         assertFalse(Booleans.parseBoolean("false", randomFrom(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE, null)));
+
+        assertTrue(Booleans.parseBoolean(new char[0], 0, 0, true));
+        assertFalse(Booleans.parseBoolean(new char[0], 0, 0, false));
     }
 
     public void testParseNonBooleanWithFallback() {
@@ -109,56 +121,12 @@ public void testParseNonBoolean() {
         }
     }
 
-    public void testIsBooleanLenient() {
-        String[] booleans = new String[] { "true", "false", "on", "off", "yes", "no", "0", "1" };
-        String[] notBooleans = new String[] { "11", "00", "sdfsdfsf", "F", "T" };
-        assertThat(Booleans.isBooleanLenient(null, 0, 1), is(false));
-
-        for (String b : booleans) {
-            String t = "prefix" + b + "suffix";
-            assertTrue(
-                "failed to recognize [" + b + "] as boolean",
-                Booleans.isBooleanLenient(t.toCharArray(), "prefix".length(), b.length())
-            );
-        }
-
-        for (String nb : notBooleans) {
-            String t = "prefix" + nb + "suffix";
-            assertFalse("recognized [" + nb + "] as boolean", Booleans.isBooleanLenient(t.toCharArray(), "prefix".length(), nb.length()));
-        }
-    }
-
-    public void testParseBooleanLenient() {
-        assertThat(Booleans.parseBooleanLenient(randomFrom("true", "on", "yes", "1"), randomBoolean()), is(true));
-        assertThat(Booleans.parseBooleanLenient(randomFrom("false", "off", "no", "0"), randomBoolean()), is(false));
-        assertThat(Booleans.parseBooleanLenient(randomFrom("true", "on", "yes").toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT), randomBoolean()), is(true));
-        assertThat(Booleans.parseBooleanLenient(null, false), is(false));
-        assertThat(Booleans.parseBooleanLenient(null, true), is(true));
-
-        assertThat(
-            Booleans.parseBooleanLenient(randomFrom("true", "on", "yes", "1"), randomFrom(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE, null)),
-            is(true)
-        );
-        assertThat(
-            Booleans.parseBooleanLenient(randomFrom("false", "off", "no", "0"), randomFrom(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE, null)),
-            is(false)
-        );
-        assertThat(
-            Booleans.parseBooleanLenient(
-                randomFrom("true", "on", "yes").toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT),
-                randomFrom(Boolean.TRUE, Boolean.FALSE, null)
-            ),
-            is(true)
-        );
-        assertThat(Booleans.parseBooleanLenient(null, Boolean.FALSE), is(false));
-        assertThat(Booleans.parseBooleanLenient(null, Boolean.TRUE), is(true));
-        assertThat(Booleans.parseBooleanLenient(null, null), nullValue());
-
-        char[] chars = randomFrom("true", "on", "yes", "1").toCharArray();
-        assertThat(Booleans.parseBooleanLenient(chars, 0, chars.length, randomBoolean()), is(true));
-        chars = randomFrom("false", "off", "no", "0").toCharArray();
-        assertThat(Booleans.parseBooleanLenient(chars, 0, chars.length, randomBoolean()), is(false));
-        chars = randomFrom("true", "on", "yes").toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT).toCharArray();
-        assertThat(Booleans.parseBooleanLenient(chars, 0, chars.length, randomBoolean()), is(true));
+    public void testParseBooleanStrict() {
+        assertTrue(Booleans.parseBooleanStrict("true", false));
+        assertFalse(Booleans.parseBooleanStrict("false", true));
+        assertTrue(Booleans.parseBooleanStrict(null, true));
+        assertFalse(Booleans.parseBooleanStrict("", false));
+        expectThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> Booleans.parseBooleanStrict("foobar", false));
+        expectThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> Booleans.parseBooleanStrict(" \t\n", false));
     }
 }
diff --git a/libs/core/build.gradle b/libs/core/build.gradle
index 46b6f4471731f..4850b5aea5c85 100644
--- a/libs/core/build.gradle
+++ b/libs/core/build.gradle
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ import org.opensearch.gradle.info.BuildParams
 apply plugin: 'opensearch.publish'
 
 base {
-  archivesBaseName = 'opensearch-core'
+  archivesName = 'opensearch-core'
 }
 
 // we want to keep the JDKs in our IDEs set to JDK 8 until minimum JDK is bumped to 11 so we do not include this source set in our IDEs
diff --git a/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/Version.java b/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/Version.java
index 8d9ee73a02c1d..d94be3f25b53d 100644
--- a/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/Version.java
+++ b/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/Version.java
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ public class Version implements Comparable<Version>, ToXContentFragment {
     public static final Version V_2_10_1 = new Version(2100199, org.apache.lucene.util.Version.LUCENE_9_7_0);
     public static final Version V_2_11_0 = new Version(2110099, org.apache.lucene.util.Version.LUCENE_9_7_0);
     public static final Version V_2_11_1 = new Version(2110199, org.apache.lucene.util.Version.LUCENE_9_7_0);
+    public static final Version V_2_11_2 = new Version(2110299, org.apache.lucene.util.Version.LUCENE_9_7_0);
     public static final Version V_2_12_0 = new Version(2120099, org.apache.lucene.util.Version.LUCENE_9_8_0);
     public static final Version V_3_0_0 = new Version(3000099, org.apache.lucene.util.Version.LUCENE_9_8_0);
     public static final Version CURRENT = V_3_0_0;
diff --git a/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/common/bytes/AbstractBytesReference.java b/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/common/bytes/AbstractBytesReference.java
index 8c1efcd00c24e..a2bf7e499dee8 100644
--- a/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/common/bytes/AbstractBytesReference.java
+++ b/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/common/bytes/AbstractBytesReference.java
@@ -53,11 +53,6 @@ public abstract class AbstractBytesReference implements BytesReference {
     private Integer hash = null;
     private static final int MAX_UTF16_LENGTH = Integer.MAX_VALUE >> 1;
 
-    @Override
-    public int getInt(int index) {
-        return (get(index) & 0xFF) << 24 | (get(index + 1) & 0xFF) << 16 | (get(index + 2) & 0xFF) << 8 | get(index + 3) & 0xFF;
-    }
-
     @Override
     public int indexOf(byte marker, int from) {
         final int to = length();
diff --git a/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/common/bytes/BytesArray.java b/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/common/bytes/BytesArray.java
index ae04ddcc19eee..d7a8414935143 100644
--- a/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/common/bytes/BytesArray.java
+++ b/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/common/bytes/BytesArray.java
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 
 package org.opensearch.core.common.bytes;
 
+import org.apache.lucene.util.BitUtil;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
 import org.opensearch.core.common.io.stream.StreamInput;
 
@@ -83,6 +84,11 @@ public byte get(int index) {
         return bytes[offset + index];
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public int getInt(int index) {
+        return (int) BitUtil.VH_BE_INT.get(bytes, offset + index);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public int length() {
         return length;
diff --git a/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/common/bytes/BytesReference.java b/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/common/bytes/BytesReference.java
index 9d24d3653397b..8cb65c9feb1ca 100644
--- a/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/common/bytes/BytesReference.java
+++ b/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/common/bytes/BytesReference.java
@@ -153,9 +153,11 @@ static BytesReference fromByteArray(ByteArray byteArray, int length) {
     byte get(int index);
 
     /**
-     * Returns the integer read from the 4 bytes (BE) starting at the given index.
+     * Returns the integer read from the 4 bytes (big endian) starting at the given index.
      */
-    int getInt(int index);
+    default int getInt(int index) {
+        return ((get(index) & 0xFF) << 24) | ((get(index + 1) & 0xFF) << 16) | ((get(index + 2) & 0xFF) << 8) | (get(index + 3) & 0xFF);
+    }
 
     /**
      * Finds the index of the first occurrence of the given marker between within the given bounds.
diff --git a/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/common/io/stream/BytesStreamInput.java b/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/common/io/stream/BytesStreamInput.java
index 30c84708728ef..cad43f817faaf 100644
--- a/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/common/io/stream/BytesStreamInput.java
+++ b/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/common/io/stream/BytesStreamInput.java
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 package org.opensearch.core.common.io.stream;
 
+import org.apache.lucene.util.BitUtil;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
 
 import java.io.EOFException;
@@ -121,4 +122,33 @@ public int read() throws IOException {
         return bytes[pos++] & 0xFF;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public short readShort() throws IOException {
+        if (available() < Short.BYTES) {
+            throw new EOFException();
+        }
+        short value = (short) BitUtil.VH_BE_SHORT.get(bytes, pos);
+        pos += Short.BYTES;
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int readInt() throws IOException {
+        if (available() < Integer.BYTES) {
+            throw new EOFException();
+        }
+        int value = (int) BitUtil.VH_BE_INT.get(bytes, pos);
+        pos += Integer.BYTES;
+        return value;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public long readLong() throws IOException {
+        if (available() < Long.BYTES) {
+            throw new EOFException();
+        }
+        long value = (long) BitUtil.VH_BE_LONG.get(bytes, pos);
+        pos += Long.BYTES;
+        return value;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/util/BytesRefUtils.java b/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/util/BytesRefUtils.java
index 30c9f182fcae6..2aad068534b9d 100644
--- a/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/util/BytesRefUtils.java
+++ b/libs/core/src/main/java/org/opensearch/core/util/BytesRefUtils.java
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 
 package org.opensearch.core.util;
 
+import org.apache.lucene.util.BitUtil;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRefArray;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRefBuilder;
@@ -103,12 +104,12 @@ public static int sortAndDedup(final BytesRefArray bytes, final int[] indices) {
         return uniqueCount;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Decodes a long value written as bytes in big endian order.
+     * @param bytes in big endian order
+     * @return long value
+     */
     public static long bytesToLong(BytesRef bytes) {
-        int high = (bytes.bytes[bytes.offset + 0] << 24) | ((bytes.bytes[bytes.offset + 1] & 0xff) << 16) | ((bytes.bytes[bytes.offset + 2]
-            & 0xff) << 8) | (bytes.bytes[bytes.offset + 3] & 0xff);
-        int low = (bytes.bytes[bytes.offset + 4] << 24) | ((bytes.bytes[bytes.offset + 5] & 0xff) << 16) | ((bytes.bytes[bytes.offset + 6]
-            & 0xff) << 8) | (bytes.bytes[bytes.offset + 7] & 0xff);
-        return (((long) high) << 32) | (low & 0x0ffffffffL);
+        return (long) BitUtil.VH_BE_LONG.get(bytes.bytes, bytes.offset);
     }
-
 }
diff --git a/libs/core/src/test/java/org/opensearch/core/util/BytesRefUtilsTests.java b/libs/core/src/test/java/org/opensearch/core/util/BytesRefUtilsTests.java
index 421263b883f2a..214f9292ae3a5 100644
--- a/libs/core/src/test/java/org/opensearch/core/util/BytesRefUtilsTests.java
+++ b/libs/core/src/test/java/org/opensearch/core/util/BytesRefUtilsTests.java
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRefArray;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRefBuilder;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.Counter;
-import org.opensearch.core.common.bytes.BytesReference;
 import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchTestCase;
 
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
@@ -90,8 +89,12 @@ public void testSortByteRefArray() {
     }
 
     public void testBytesToLong() {
-        final long value = randomLong();
-        final BytesReference buffer = BytesReference.fromByteBuffer(ByteBuffer.allocate(8).putLong(value).flip());
-        assertThat(BytesRefUtils.bytesToLong(buffer.toBytesRef()), equalTo(value));
+        long value = randomLong();
+        int paddingStart = randomIntBetween(0, 10);
+        int paddingEnd = randomIntBetween(0, 10);
+        byte[] bytes = new byte[paddingStart + Long.BYTES + paddingEnd];
+        ByteBuffer.wrap(bytes).putLong(paddingStart, value);
+        BytesRef bytesRef = new BytesRef(bytes, paddingStart, Long.BYTES);
+        assertThat(BytesRefUtils.bytesToLong(bytesRef), equalTo(value));
     }
 }
diff --git a/modules/lang-painless/build.gradle b/modules/lang-painless/build.gradle
index d7af8621c478a..fb51a0bb7f157 100644
--- a/modules/lang-painless/build.gradle
+++ b/modules/lang-painless/build.gradle
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@ import com.github.jengelman.gradle.plugins.shadow.ShadowBasePlugin
 
 apply plugin: 'opensearch.validate-rest-spec'
 apply plugin: 'opensearch.yaml-rest-test'
-apply plugin: 'com.github.johnrengelman.shadow'
 
 opensearchplugin {
   description 'An easy, safe and fast scripting language for OpenSearch'
@@ -62,30 +61,6 @@ dependencies {
   api project('spi')
 }
 
-test {
-  doFirst {
-    test.classpath -= project.files(project.tasks.named('shadowJar'))
-    test.classpath -= project.configurations.getByName(ShadowBasePlugin.CONFIGURATION_NAME)
-    test.classpath += project.extensions.getByType(SourceSetContainer).getByName(SourceSet.MAIN_SOURCE_SET_NAME).runtimeClasspath
-  }
-}
-
-shadowJar {
-  archiveClassifier.set('')
-  relocate 'org.objectweb', 'org.opensearch.repackage.org.objectweb'
-  dependencies {
-    include(dependency("org.ow2.asm:asm:${versions.asm}"))
-    include(dependency("org.ow2.asm:asm-util:${versions.asm}"))
-    include(dependency("org.ow2.asm:asm-tree:${versions.asm}"))
-    include(dependency("org.ow2.asm:asm-commons:${versions.asm}"))
-    include(dependency("org.ow2.asm:asm-analysis:${versions.asm}"))
-  }
-}
-
-tasks.validateNebulaPom.dependsOn tasks.generatePomFileForShadowPublication
-tasks.validateShadowPom.dependsOn tasks.generatePomFileForNebulaPublication
-tasks.withType(AbstractPublishToMaven)*.dependsOn "generatePomFileForShadowPublication", "generatePomFileForNebulaPublication"
-
 tasks.named("dependencyLicenses").configure {
   mapping from: /asm-.*/, to: 'asm'
 }
diff --git a/modules/lang-painless/spi/build.gradle b/modules/lang-painless/spi/build.gradle
index 59a77870b4987..32556f907fdc0 100644
--- a/modules/lang-painless/spi/build.gradle
+++ b/modules/lang-painless/spi/build.gradle
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ apply plugin: 'opensearch.publish'
 
 base {
   group = 'org.opensearch.plugin'
-  archivesBaseName = 'opensearch-scripting-painless-spi'
+  archivesName = 'opensearch-scripting-painless-spi'
 }
 
 dependencies {
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/BasicMap.java b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/BasicMap.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6ddc22420416b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/BasicMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
+import java.util.function.BiFunction;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+
+/**
+ * Helper for map abstractions passed to scripting processors. Throws {@link UnsupportedOperationException} for almost
+ * all methods. Subclasses just need to implement get and put.
+ */
+abstract class BasicMap implements Map<String, Object> {
+
+    /**
+     * No-args constructor.
+     */
+    protected BasicMap() {}
+
+    private static final String UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR = " Method not supported in Search pipeline script";
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean isEmpty() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("isEmpty" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    public int size() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("size" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
+        return get(key) != null;
+    }
+
+    public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("containsValue" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    public Object remove(Object key) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("remove" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    public void putAll(Map<? extends String, ?> m) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("putAll" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    public void clear() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("clear" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    public Set<String> keySet() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("keySet" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    public Collection<Object> values() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("values" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    public Set<Map.Entry<String, Object>> entrySet() {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("entrySet" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object getOrDefault(Object key, Object defaultValue) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("getOrDefault" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void forEach(BiConsumer<? super String, ? super Object> action) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("forEach" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super String, ? super Object, ?> function) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("replaceAll" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object putIfAbsent(String key, Object value) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("putIfAbsent" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("remove" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public boolean replace(String key, Object oldValue, Object newValue) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("replace" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object replace(String key, Object value) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("replace" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object computeIfAbsent(String key, Function<? super String, ?> mappingFunction) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("computeIfAbsent" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object computeIfPresent(String key, BiFunction<? super String, ? super Object, ?> remappingFunction) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("computeIfPresent" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object compute(String key, BiFunction<? super String, ? super Object, ?> remappingFunction) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("compute" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Object merge(String key, Object value, BiFunction<? super Object, ? super Object, ?> remappingFunction) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("merge" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/CollapseResponseProcessor.java b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/CollapseResponseProcessor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3e6c4fef6a559
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/CollapseResponseProcessor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common;
+
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
+import org.opensearch.common.document.DocumentField;
+import org.opensearch.ingest.ConfigurationUtils;
+import org.opensearch.search.SearchHit;
+import org.opensearch.search.SearchHits;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.AbstractProcessor;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.Processor;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.SearchResponseProcessor;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common.helpers.SearchResponseUtil;
+
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.Objects;
+
+/**
+ * A simple implementation of field collapsing on search responses. Note that this is not going to work as well as
+ * field collapsing at the shard level, as implemented with the "collapse" parameter in a search request. Mostly
+ * just using this to demo the oversample / truncate_hits processors.
+ */
+public class CollapseResponseProcessor extends AbstractProcessor implements SearchResponseProcessor {
+    /**
+     * Key to reference this processor type from a search pipeline.
+     */
+    public static final String TYPE = "collapse";
+    static final String COLLAPSE_FIELD = "field";
+    private final String collapseField;
+
+    private CollapseResponseProcessor(String tag, String description, boolean ignoreFailure, String collapseField) {
+        super(tag, description, ignoreFailure);
+        this.collapseField = Objects.requireNonNull(collapseField);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getType() {
+        return TYPE;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SearchResponse processResponse(SearchRequest request, SearchResponse response) {
+
+        if (response.getHits() != null) {
+            if (response.getHits().getCollapseField() != null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException(
+                    "Cannot collapse on " + collapseField + ". Results already collapsed on " + response.getHits().getCollapseField()
+                );
+            }
+            Map<String, SearchHit> collapsedHits = new LinkedHashMap<>();
+            List<Object> collapseValues = new ArrayList<>();
+            for (SearchHit hit : response.getHits()) {
+                Object fieldValue = null;
+                DocumentField docField = hit.getFields().get(collapseField);
+                if (docField != null) {
+                    if (docField.getValues().size() > 1) {
+                        throw new IllegalStateException(
+                            "Failed to collapse " + hit.getId() + ": doc has multiple values for field " + collapseField
+                        );
+                    }
+                    fieldValue = docField.getValues().get(0);
+                } else if (hit.getSourceAsMap() != null) {
+                    fieldValue = hit.getSourceAsMap().get(collapseField);
+                }
+                String fieldValueString;
+                if (fieldValue == null) {
+                    fieldValueString = "__missing__";
+                } else {
+                    fieldValueString = fieldValue.toString();
+                }
+
+                // Results are already sorted by sort criterion. Only keep the first hit for each field.
+                if (collapsedHits.containsKey(fieldValueString) == false) {
+                    collapsedHits.put(fieldValueString, hit);
+                    collapseValues.add(fieldValue);
+                }
+            }
+            SearchHit[] newHits = new SearchHit[collapsedHits.size()];
+            int i = 0;
+            for (SearchHit collapsedHit : collapsedHits.values()) {
+                newHits[i++] = collapsedHit;
+            }
+            SearchHits searchHits = new SearchHits(
+                newHits,
+                response.getHits().getTotalHits(),
+                response.getHits().getMaxScore(),
+                response.getHits().getSortFields(),
+                collapseField,
+                collapseValues.toArray()
+            );
+            return SearchResponseUtil.replaceHits(searchHits, response);
+        }
+        return response;
+    }
+
+    static class Factory implements Processor.Factory<SearchResponseProcessor> {
+
+        @Override
+        public CollapseResponseProcessor create(
+            Map<String, Processor.Factory<SearchResponseProcessor>> processorFactories,
+            String tag,
+            String description,
+            boolean ignoreFailure,
+            Map<String, Object> config,
+            PipelineContext pipelineContext
+        ) {
+            String collapseField = ConfigurationUtils.readStringProperty(TYPE, tag, config, COLLAPSE_FIELD);
+            return new CollapseResponseProcessor(tag, description, ignoreFailure, collapseField);
+        }
+    }
+
+}
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/OversampleRequestProcessor.java b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/OversampleRequestProcessor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..182cf6ba79504
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/OversampleRequestProcessor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common;
+
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
+import org.opensearch.ingest.ConfigurationUtils;
+import org.opensearch.search.SearchService;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.AbstractProcessor;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.PipelineProcessingContext;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.Processor;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.SearchRequestProcessor;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.StatefulSearchRequestProcessor;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common.helpers.ContextUtils;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common.helpers.ContextUtils.applyContextPrefix;
+
+/**
+ * Multiplies the "size" parameter on the {@link SearchRequest} by the given scaling factor, storing the original value
+ * in the request context as "original_size".
+ */
+public class OversampleRequestProcessor extends AbstractProcessor implements StatefulSearchRequestProcessor {
+
+    /**
+     * Key to reference this processor type from a search pipeline.
+     */
+    public static final String TYPE = "oversample";
+    static final String SAMPLE_FACTOR = "sample_factor";
+    static final String ORIGINAL_SIZE = "original_size";
+    private final double sampleFactor;
+    private final String contextPrefix;
+
+    private OversampleRequestProcessor(String tag, String description, boolean ignoreFailure, double sampleFactor, String contextPrefix) {
+        super(tag, description, ignoreFailure);
+        this.sampleFactor = sampleFactor;
+        this.contextPrefix = contextPrefix;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SearchRequest processRequest(SearchRequest request, PipelineProcessingContext requestContext) {
+        if (request.source() != null) {
+            int originalSize = request.source().size();
+            if (originalSize == -1) {
+                originalSize = SearchService.DEFAULT_SIZE;
+            }
+            requestContext.setAttribute(applyContextPrefix(contextPrefix, ORIGINAL_SIZE), originalSize);
+            int newSize = (int) Math.ceil(originalSize * sampleFactor);
+            request.source().size(newSize);
+        }
+        return request;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public String getType() {
+        return TYPE;
+    }
+
+    static class Factory implements Processor.Factory<SearchRequestProcessor> {
+        @Override
+        public OversampleRequestProcessor create(
+            Map<String, Processor.Factory<SearchRequestProcessor>> processorFactories,
+            String tag,
+            String description,
+            boolean ignoreFailure,
+            Map<String, Object> config,
+            PipelineContext pipelineContext
+        ) {
+            double sampleFactor = ConfigurationUtils.readDoubleProperty(TYPE, tag, config, SAMPLE_FACTOR);
+            if (sampleFactor < 1.0) {
+                throw ConfigurationUtils.newConfigurationException(TYPE, tag, SAMPLE_FACTOR, "Value must be >= 1.0");
+            }
+            String contextPrefix = ConfigurationUtils.readOptionalStringProperty(TYPE, tag, config, ContextUtils.CONTEXT_PREFIX_PARAMETER);
+            return new OversampleRequestProcessor(tag, description, ignoreFailure, sampleFactor, contextPrefix);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/ScriptRequestProcessor.java b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/ScriptRequestProcessor.java
index 90f71fd1754e4..a4052d0892ee6 100644
--- a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/ScriptRequestProcessor.java
+++ b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/ScriptRequestProcessor.java
@@ -23,9 +23,10 @@
 import org.opensearch.script.ScriptType;
 import org.opensearch.script.SearchScript;
 import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.AbstractProcessor;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.PipelineProcessingContext;
 import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.Processor;
 import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.SearchRequestProcessor;
-import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common.helpers.SearchRequestMap;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.StatefulSearchRequestProcessor;
 
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.util.HashMap;
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@
  * Processor that evaluates a script with a search request in its context
  * and then returns the modified search request.
  */
-public final class ScriptRequestProcessor extends AbstractProcessor implements SearchRequestProcessor {
+public final class ScriptRequestProcessor extends AbstractProcessor implements StatefulSearchRequestProcessor {
     /**
      * Key to reference this processor type from a search pipeline.
      */
@@ -72,15 +73,8 @@ public final class ScriptRequestProcessor extends AbstractProcessor implements S
         this.scriptService = scriptService;
     }
 
-    /**
-     * Executes the script with the search request in context.
-     *
-     * @param request The search request passed into the script context.
-     * @return The modified search request.
-     * @throws Exception if an error occurs while processing the request.
-     */
     @Override
-    public SearchRequest processRequest(SearchRequest request) throws Exception {
+    public SearchRequest processRequest(SearchRequest request, PipelineProcessingContext requestContext) throws Exception {
         // assert request is not null and source is not null
         if (request == null || request.source() == null) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("search request must not be null");
@@ -93,10 +87,33 @@ public SearchRequest processRequest(SearchRequest request) throws Exception {
             searchScript = precompiledSearchScript;
         }
         // execute the script with the search request in context
-        searchScript.execute(Map.of("_source", new SearchRequestMap(request)));
+        searchScript.execute(Map.of("_source", new SearchRequestMap(request), "request_context", new RequestContextMap(requestContext)));
         return request;
     }
 
+    private static class RequestContextMap extends BasicMap {
+        private final PipelineProcessingContext pipelinedRequestContext;
+
+        private RequestContextMap(PipelineProcessingContext pipelinedRequestContext) {
+            this.pipelinedRequestContext = pipelinedRequestContext;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Object get(Object key) {
+            if (key instanceof String) {
+                return pipelinedRequestContext.getAttribute(key.toString());
+            }
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public Object put(String key, Object value) {
+            Object originalValue = get(key);
+            pipelinedRequestContext.setAttribute(key, value);
+            return originalValue;
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Returns the type of the processor.
      *
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/SearchPipelineCommonModulePlugin.java b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/SearchPipelineCommonModulePlugin.java
index 49681b80fdead..5378a6721efb2 100644
--- a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/SearchPipelineCommonModulePlugin.java
+++ b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/SearchPipelineCommonModulePlugin.java
@@ -38,12 +38,21 @@ public Map<String, Processor.Factory<SearchRequestProcessor>> getRequestProcesso
             FilterQueryRequestProcessor.TYPE,
             new FilterQueryRequestProcessor.Factory(parameters.namedXContentRegistry),
             ScriptRequestProcessor.TYPE,
-            new ScriptRequestProcessor.Factory(parameters.scriptService)
+            new ScriptRequestProcessor.Factory(parameters.scriptService),
+            OversampleRequestProcessor.TYPE,
+            new OversampleRequestProcessor.Factory()
         );
     }
 
     @Override
     public Map<String, Processor.Factory<SearchResponseProcessor>> getResponseProcessors(Parameters parameters) {
-        return Map.of(RenameFieldResponseProcessor.TYPE, new RenameFieldResponseProcessor.Factory());
+        return Map.of(
+            RenameFieldResponseProcessor.TYPE,
+            new RenameFieldResponseProcessor.Factory(),
+            TruncateHitsResponseProcessor.TYPE,
+            new TruncateHitsResponseProcessor.Factory(),
+            CollapseResponseProcessor.TYPE,
+            new CollapseResponseProcessor.Factory()
+        );
     }
 }
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/SearchRequestMap.java b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/SearchRequestMap.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c6430b96dcbed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/SearchRequestMap.java
@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common;
+
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
+import org.opensearch.search.builder.SearchSourceBuilder;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * A custom implementation of {@link Map} that provides access to the properties of a {@link SearchRequest}'s
+ * {@link SearchSourceBuilder}. The class allows retrieving and modifying specific properties of the search request.
+ */
+class SearchRequestMap extends BasicMap implements Map<String, Object> {
+
+    private final SearchSourceBuilder source;
+
+    /**
+     * Constructs a new instance of the {@link SearchRequestMap} with the provided {@link SearchRequest}.
+     *
+     * @param searchRequest The SearchRequest containing the SearchSourceBuilder to be accessed.
+     */
+    public SearchRequestMap(SearchRequest searchRequest) {
+        source = searchRequest.source();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Checks if the SearchSourceBuilder is empty.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if the SearchSourceBuilder is empty, {@code false} otherwise.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public boolean isEmpty() {
+        return source == null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves the value associated with the specified property from the SearchSourceBuilder.
+     *
+     * @param key The SearchSourceBuilder property whose value is to be retrieved.
+     * @return The value associated with the specified property or null if the property has not been initialized.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the property name is not a String.
+     * @throws SearchRequestMapProcessingException if the property is not supported.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Object get(Object key) {
+        if (!(key instanceof String)) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("key must be a String");
+        }
+        // This is the explicit implementation of fetch value from source
+        switch ((String) key) {
+            case "from":
+                return source.from();
+            case "size":
+                return source.size();
+            case "explain":
+                return source.explain();
+            case "version":
+                return source.version();
+            case "seq_no_primary_term":
+                return source.seqNoAndPrimaryTerm();
+            case "track_scores":
+                return source.trackScores();
+            case "track_total_hits":
+                return source.trackTotalHitsUpTo();
+            case "min_score":
+                return source.minScore();
+            case "terminate_after":
+                return source.terminateAfter();
+            case "profile":
+                return source.profile();
+            default:
+                throw new SearchRequestMapProcessingException("Unsupported key: " + key);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the value for the specified property in the SearchSourceBuilder.
+     *
+     * @param key The property whose value is to be set.
+     * @param value The value to be set for the specified property.
+     * @return The original value associated with the property, or null if none existed.
+     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the property is not a String.
+     * @throws SearchRequestMapProcessingException if the property is not supported or an error occurs during the setting.
+     */
+    @Override
+    public Object put(String key, Object value) {
+        Object originalValue = get(key);
+        try {
+            switch (key) {
+                case "from":
+                    source.from((Integer) value);
+                    break;
+                case "size":
+                    source.size((Integer) value);
+                    break;
+                case "explain":
+                    source.explain((Boolean) value);
+                    break;
+                case "version":
+                    source.version((Boolean) value);
+                    break;
+                case "seq_no_primary_term":
+                    source.seqNoAndPrimaryTerm((Boolean) value);
+                    break;
+                case "track_scores":
+                    source.trackScores((Boolean) value);
+                    break;
+                case "track_total_hits":
+                    source.trackTotalHitsUpTo((Integer) value);
+                    break;
+                case "min_score":
+                    source.minScore((Float) value);
+                    break;
+                case "terminate_after":
+                    source.terminateAfter((Integer) value);
+                    break;
+                case "profile":
+                    source.profile((Boolean) value);
+                    break;
+                case "stats": // Not modifying stats, sorts, docvalue_fields, etc. as they require more complex handling
+                case "sort":
+                case "timeout":
+                case "docvalue_fields":
+                case "indices_boost":
+                default:
+                    throw new SearchRequestMapProcessingException("Unsupported SearchRequest source property: " + key);
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            throw new SearchRequestMapProcessingException("Error while setting value for SearchRequest source property: " + key, e);
+        }
+        return originalValue;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/helpers/SearchRequestMapProcessingException.java b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/SearchRequestMapProcessingException.java
similarity index 76%
rename from modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/helpers/SearchRequestMapProcessingException.java
rename to modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/SearchRequestMapProcessingException.java
index cb1e45a20b624..2f00d0f82c2f1 100644
--- a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/helpers/SearchRequestMapProcessingException.java
+++ b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/SearchRequestMapProcessingException.java
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
  * compatible open source license.
  */
 
-package org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common.helpers;
+package org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common;
 
 import org.opensearch.OpenSearchException;
 import org.opensearch.OpenSearchWrapperException;
@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@
 /**
  * An exception that indicates an error occurred while processing a {@link SearchRequestMap}.
  */
-public class SearchRequestMapProcessingException extends OpenSearchException implements OpenSearchWrapperException {
+class SearchRequestMapProcessingException extends OpenSearchException implements OpenSearchWrapperException {
 
     /**
      * Constructs a new SearchRequestMapProcessingException with the specified message.
      *
-     * @param msg The error message.
+     * @param msg  The error message.
      * @param args Arguments to substitute in the error message.
      */
     public SearchRequestMapProcessingException(String msg, Object... args) {
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ public SearchRequestMapProcessingException(String msg, Object... args) {
     /**
      * Constructs a new SearchRequestMapProcessingException with the specified message and cause.
      *
-     * @param msg The error message.
+     * @param msg   The error message.
      * @param cause The cause of the exception.
-     * @param args Arguments to substitute in the error message.
+     * @param args  Arguments to substitute in the error message.
      */
     public SearchRequestMapProcessingException(String msg, Throwable cause, Object... args) {
         super(msg, cause, args);
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/TruncateHitsResponseProcessor.java b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/TruncateHitsResponseProcessor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e3413bf41720f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/TruncateHitsResponseProcessor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common;
+
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
+import org.opensearch.ingest.ConfigurationUtils;
+import org.opensearch.search.SearchHit;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.AbstractProcessor;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.PipelineProcessingContext;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.Processor;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.SearchResponseProcessor;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.StatefulSearchResponseProcessor;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common.helpers.ContextUtils;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common.helpers.SearchResponseUtil;
+
+import java.util.Map;
+
+import static org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common.helpers.ContextUtils.applyContextPrefix;
+
+/**
+ * Truncates the returned search hits from the {@link SearchResponse}. If no target size is specified in the pipeline, then
+ * we try using the "original_size" value from the request context, which may have been set by {@link OversampleRequestProcessor}.
+ */
+public class TruncateHitsResponseProcessor extends AbstractProcessor implements StatefulSearchResponseProcessor {
+    /**
+     * Key to reference this processor type from a search pipeline.
+     */
+    public static final String TYPE = "truncate_hits";
+    static final String TARGET_SIZE = "target_size";
+    private final int targetSize;
+    private final String contextPrefix;
+
+    @Override
+    public String getType() {
+        return TYPE;
+    }
+
+    private TruncateHitsResponseProcessor(String tag, String description, boolean ignoreFailure, int targetSize, String contextPrefix) {
+        super(tag, description, ignoreFailure);
+        this.targetSize = targetSize;
+        this.contextPrefix = contextPrefix;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public SearchResponse processResponse(SearchRequest request, SearchResponse response, PipelineProcessingContext requestContext) {
+        int size;
+        if (targetSize < 0) { // No value specified in processor config. Use context value instead.
+            String key = applyContextPrefix(contextPrefix, OversampleRequestProcessor.ORIGINAL_SIZE);
+            Object o = requestContext.getAttribute(key);
+            if (o == null) {
+                throw new IllegalStateException("Must specify " + TARGET_SIZE + " unless an earlier processor set " + key);
+            }
+            size = (int) o;
+        } else {
+            size = targetSize;
+        }
+        if (response.getHits() != null && response.getHits().getHits().length > size) {
+            SearchHit[] newHits = new SearchHit[size];
+            System.arraycopy(response.getHits().getHits(), 0, newHits, 0, size);
+            return SearchResponseUtil.replaceHits(newHits, response);
+        }
+        return response;
+    }
+
+    static class Factory implements Processor.Factory<SearchResponseProcessor> {
+        @Override
+        public TruncateHitsResponseProcessor create(
+            Map<String, Processor.Factory<SearchResponseProcessor>> processorFactories,
+            String tag,
+            String description,
+            boolean ignoreFailure,
+            Map<String, Object> config,
+            PipelineContext pipelineContext
+        ) {
+            Integer targetSize = ConfigurationUtils.readIntProperty(TYPE, tag, config, TARGET_SIZE, null);
+            if (targetSize == null) {
+                // Use -1 as an "unset" marker to avoid repeated unboxing of an Integer.
+                targetSize = -1;
+            } else {
+                // Explicitly set values must be >= 0.
+                if (targetSize < 0) {
+                    throw ConfigurationUtils.newConfigurationException(TYPE, tag, TARGET_SIZE, "Value must be >= 0");
+                }
+            }
+            String contextPrefix = ConfigurationUtils.readOptionalStringProperty(TYPE, tag, config, ContextUtils.CONTEXT_PREFIX_PARAMETER);
+            return new TruncateHitsResponseProcessor(tag, description, ignoreFailure, targetSize, contextPrefix);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/helpers/ContextUtils.java b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/helpers/ContextUtils.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9697da85dbecf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/helpers/ContextUtils.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common.helpers;
+
+/**
+ * Helpers for working with request-scoped context.
+ */
+public final class ContextUtils {
+    private ContextUtils() {}
+
+    /**
+     * Parameter that can be passed to a stateful processor to avoid collisions between contextual variables by
+     * prefixing them with distinct qualifiers.
+     */
+    public static final String CONTEXT_PREFIX_PARAMETER = "context_prefix";
+
+    /**
+     * Replaces a "global" variable name with one scoped to a given context prefix (unless prefix is null or empty).
+     * @param contextPrefix the prefix qualifier for the variable
+     * @param variableName the generic "global" form of the context variable
+     * @return the variableName prefixed with contextPrefix followed by ".", or just variableName if contextPrefix is null or empty
+     */
+    public static String applyContextPrefix(String contextPrefix, String variableName) {
+        String contextVariable;
+        if (contextPrefix != null && contextPrefix.isEmpty() == false) {
+            contextVariable = contextPrefix + "." + variableName;
+        } else {
+            contextVariable = variableName;
+        }
+        return contextVariable;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/helpers/SearchRequestMap.java b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/helpers/SearchRequestMap.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 7af3ac66be146..0000000000000
--- a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/helpers/SearchRequestMap.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,395 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
- *
- * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
- * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
- * compatible open source license.
- */
-
-package org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common.helpers;
-
-import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
-import org.opensearch.search.builder.SearchSourceBuilder;
-
-import java.util.Collection;
-import java.util.Map;
-import java.util.Set;
-import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
-import java.util.function.BiFunction;
-import java.util.function.Function;
-
-/**
- * A custom implementation of {@link Map} that provides access to the properties of a {@link SearchRequest}'s
- * {@link SearchSourceBuilder}. The class allows retrieving and modifying specific properties of the search request.
- */
-public class SearchRequestMap implements Map<String, Object> {
-    private static final String UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR = " Method not supported in Search pipeline script";
-
-    private final SearchSourceBuilder source;
-
-    /**
-     * Constructs a new instance of the {@link SearchRequestMap} with the provided {@link SearchRequest}.
-     *
-     * @param searchRequest The SearchRequest containing the SearchSourceBuilder to be accessed.
-     */
-    public SearchRequestMap(SearchRequest searchRequest) {
-        source = searchRequest.source();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Retrieves the number of properties in the SearchSourceBuilder.
-     *
-     * @return The number of properties in the SearchSourceBuilder.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public int size() {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("size" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if the SearchSourceBuilder is empty.
-     *
-     * @return {@code true} if the SearchSourceBuilder is empty, {@code false} otherwise.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public boolean isEmpty() {
-        return source == null;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if the SearchSourceBuilder contains the specified property.
-     *
-     * @param key The property to check for.
-     * @return {@code true} if the SearchSourceBuilder contains the specified property, {@code false} otherwise.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
-        return get(key) != null;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Checks if the SearchSourceBuilder contains the specified value.
-     *
-     * @param value The value to check for.
-     * @return {@code true} if the SearchSourceBuilder contains the specified value, {@code false} otherwise.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("containsValue" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Retrieves the value associated with the specified property from the SearchSourceBuilder.
-     *
-     * @param key The SearchSourceBuilder property whose value is to be retrieved.
-     * @return The value associated with the specified property or null if the property has not been initialized.
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the property name is not a String.
-     * @throws SearchRequestMapProcessingException if the property is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public Object get(Object key) {
-        if (!(key instanceof String)) {
-            throw new IllegalArgumentException("key must be a String");
-        }
-        // This is the explicit implementation of fetch value from source
-        switch ((String) key) {
-            case "from":
-                return source.from();
-            case "size":
-                return source.size();
-            case "explain":
-                return source.explain();
-            case "version":
-                return source.version();
-            case "seq_no_primary_term":
-                return source.seqNoAndPrimaryTerm();
-            case "track_scores":
-                return source.trackScores();
-            case "track_total_hits":
-                return source.trackTotalHitsUpTo();
-            case "min_score":
-                return source.minScore();
-            case "terminate_after":
-                return source.terminateAfter();
-            case "profile":
-                return source.profile();
-            default:
-                throw new SearchRequestMapProcessingException("Unsupported key: " + key);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets the value for the specified property in the SearchSourceBuilder.
-     *
-     * @param key The property whose value is to be set.
-     * @param value The value to be set for the specified property.
-     * @return The original value associated with the property, or null if none existed.
-     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the property is not a String.
-     * @throws SearchRequestMapProcessingException if the property is not supported or an error occurs during the setting.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public Object put(String key, Object value) {
-        Object originalValue = get(key);
-        try {
-            switch (key) {
-                case "from":
-                    source.from((Integer) value);
-                    break;
-                case "size":
-                    source.size((Integer) value);
-                    break;
-                case "explain":
-                    source.explain((Boolean) value);
-                    break;
-                case "version":
-                    source.version((Boolean) value);
-                    break;
-                case "seq_no_primary_term":
-                    source.seqNoAndPrimaryTerm((Boolean) value);
-                    break;
-                case "track_scores":
-                    source.trackScores((Boolean) value);
-                    break;
-                case "track_total_hits":
-                    source.trackTotalHitsUpTo((Integer) value);
-                    break;
-                case "min_score":
-                    source.minScore((Float) value);
-                    break;
-                case "terminate_after":
-                    source.terminateAfter((Integer) value);
-                    break;
-                case "profile":
-                    source.profile((Boolean) value);
-                    break;
-                case "stats": // Not modifying stats, sorts, docvalue_fields, etc. as they require more complex handling
-                case "sort":
-                case "timeout":
-                case "docvalue_fields":
-                case "indices_boost":
-                default:
-                    throw new SearchRequestMapProcessingException("Unsupported SearchRequest source property: " + key);
-            }
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            throw new SearchRequestMapProcessingException("Error while setting value for SearchRequest source property: " + key, e);
-        }
-        return originalValue;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Removes the specified property from the SearchSourceBuilder.
-     *
-     * @param key The name of the property that will be removed.
-     * @return The value associated with the property before it was removed, or null if the property was not found.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public Object remove(Object key) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("remove" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Sets all the properties from the specified map to the SearchSourceBuilder.
-     *
-     * @param m The map containing the properties to be set.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void putAll(Map<? extends String, ?> m) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("putAll" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Removes all properties from the SearchSourceBuilder.
-     *
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void clear() {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("clear" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a set view of the property names in the SearchSourceBuilder.
-     *
-     * @return A set view of the property names in the SearchSourceBuilder.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public Set<String> keySet() {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("keySet" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a collection view of the property values in the SearchSourceBuilder.
-     *
-     * @return A collection view of the property values in the SearchSourceBuilder.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public Collection<Object> values() {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("values" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns a set view of the properties in the SearchSourceBuilder.
-     *
-     * @return A set view of the properties in the SearchSourceBuilder.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public Set<Entry<String, Object>> entrySet() {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("entrySet" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Returns the value to which the specified property has, or the defaultValue if the property is not present in the
-     * SearchSourceBuilder.
-     *
-     * @param key The property whose associated value is to be returned.
-     * @param defaultValue The default value to be returned if the property is not present.
-     * @return The value to which the specified property has, or the defaultValue if the property is not present.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public Object getOrDefault(Object key, Object defaultValue) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("getOrDefault" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Performs the given action for each property in the SearchSourceBuilder until all properties have been processed or the
-     * action throws an exception
-     *
-     * @param action The action to be performed for each property.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void forEach(BiConsumer<? super String, ? super Object> action) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("forEach" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Replaces each property's value with the result of invoking the given function on that property until all properties have
-     * been processed or the function throws an exception.
-     *
-     * @param function The function to apply to each property.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super String, ? super Object, ?> function) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("replaceAll" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * If the specified property is not already associated with a value, associates it with the given value and returns null,
-     * else returns the current value.
-     *
-     * @param key The property whose value is to be set if absent.
-     * @param value The value to be associated with the specified property.
-     * @return The current value associated with the property, or null if the property is not present.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public Object putIfAbsent(String key, Object value) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("putIfAbsent" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Removes the property only if it has the given value.
-     *
-     * @param key The property to be removed.
-     * @param value The value expected to be associated with the property.
-     * @return {@code true} if the entry was removed, {@code false} otherwise.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("remove" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Replaces the specified property only if it has the given value.
-     *
-     * @param key The property to be replaced.
-     * @param oldValue The value expected to be associated with the property.
-     * @param newValue The value to be associated with the property.
-     * @return {@code true} if the property was replaced, {@code false} otherwise.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public boolean replace(String key, Object oldValue, Object newValue) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("replace" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Replaces the specified property only if it has the given value.
-     *
-     * @param key The property to be replaced.
-     * @param value The value to be associated with the property.
-     * @return The previous value associated with the property, or null if the property was not found.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public Object replace(String key, Object value) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("replace" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * The computed value associated with the property, or null if the property is not present.
-     *
-     * @param key The property whose value is to be computed if absent.
-     * @param mappingFunction The function to compute a value based on the property.
-     * @return The computed value associated with the property, or null if the property is not present.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public Object computeIfAbsent(String key, Function<? super String, ?> mappingFunction) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("computeIfAbsent" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * If the value for the specified property is present, attempts to compute a new mapping given the property and its current
-     * mapped value.
-     *
-     * @param key The property for which the mapping is to be computed.
-     * @param remappingFunction The function to compute a new mapping.
-     * @return The new value associated with the property, or null if the property is not present.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public Object computeIfPresent(String key, BiFunction<? super String, ? super Object, ?> remappingFunction) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("computeIfPresent" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * If the value for the specified property is present, attempts to compute a new mapping given the property and its current
-     * mapped value, or removes the property if the computed value is null.
-     *
-     * @param key The property for which the mapping is to be computed.
-     * @param remappingFunction The function to compute a new mapping.
-     * @return The new value associated with the property, or null if the property is not present.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public Object compute(String key, BiFunction<? super String, ? super Object, ?> remappingFunction) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("compute" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * If the specified property is not already associated with a value or is associated with null, associates it with the
-     * given non-null value. Otherwise, replaces the associated value with the results of applying the given
-     * remapping function to the current and new values.
-     *
-     * @param key The property for which the mapping is to be merged.
-     * @param value The non-null value to be merged with the existing value.
-     * @param remappingFunction The function to merge the existing and new values.
-     * @return The new value associated with the property, or null if the property is not present.
-     * @throws UnsupportedOperationException always, as the method is not supported.
-     */
-    @Override
-    public Object merge(String key, Object value, BiFunction<? super Object, ? super Object, ?> remappingFunction) {
-        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("merge" + UNSUPPORTED_OP_ERR);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/helpers/SearchResponseUtil.java b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/helpers/SearchResponseUtil.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0710548c6429f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/helpers/SearchResponseUtil.java
@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common.helpers;
+
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchResponseSections;
+import org.opensearch.search.SearchHit;
+import org.opensearch.search.SearchHits;
+import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.InternalAggregations;
+import org.opensearch.search.internal.InternalSearchResponse;
+import org.opensearch.search.profile.SearchProfileShardResults;
+
+/**
+ * Helper methods for manipulating {@link SearchResponse}.
+ */
+public final class SearchResponseUtil {
+    private SearchResponseUtil() {
+
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Construct a new {@link SearchResponse} based on an existing one, replacing just the {@link SearchHits}.
+     * @param newHits new {@link SearchHits}
+     * @param response the existing search response
+     * @return a new search response where the {@link SearchHits} has been replaced
+     */
+    public static SearchResponse replaceHits(SearchHits newHits, SearchResponse response) {
+        SearchResponseSections searchResponseSections;
+        if (response.getAggregations() == null || response.getAggregations() instanceof InternalAggregations) {
+            // We either have no aggregations, or we have Writeable InternalAggregations.
+            // Either way, we can produce a Writeable InternalSearchResponse.
+            searchResponseSections = new InternalSearchResponse(
+                newHits,
+                (InternalAggregations) response.getAggregations(),
+                response.getSuggest(),
+                new SearchProfileShardResults(response.getProfileResults()),
+                response.isTimedOut(),
+                response.isTerminatedEarly(),
+                response.getNumReducePhases()
+            );
+        } else {
+            // We have non-Writeable Aggregations, so the whole SearchResponseSections is non-Writeable.
+            searchResponseSections = new SearchResponseSections(
+                newHits,
+                response.getAggregations(),
+                response.getSuggest(),
+                response.isTimedOut(),
+                response.isTerminatedEarly(),
+                new SearchProfileShardResults(response.getProfileResults()),
+                response.getNumReducePhases()
+            );
+        }
+
+        return new SearchResponse(
+            searchResponseSections,
+            response.getScrollId(),
+            response.getTotalShards(),
+            response.getSuccessfulShards(),
+            response.getSkippedShards(),
+            response.getTook().millis(),
+            response.getShardFailures(),
+            response.getClusters(),
+            response.pointInTimeId()
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Convenience method when only replacing the {@link SearchHit} array within the {@link SearchHits} in a {@link SearchResponse}.
+     * @param newHits the new array of {@link SearchHit} elements.
+     * @param response the search response to update
+     * @return a {@link SearchResponse} where the underlying array of {@link SearchHit} within the {@link SearchHits} has been replaced.
+     */
+    public static SearchResponse replaceHits(SearchHit[] newHits, SearchResponse response) {
+        if (response.getHits() == null) {
+            throw new IllegalStateException("Response must have hits");
+        }
+        SearchHits searchHits = new SearchHits(
+            newHits,
+            response.getHits().getTotalHits(),
+            response.getHits().getMaxScore(),
+            response.getHits().getSortFields(),
+            response.getHits().getCollapseField(),
+            response.getHits().getCollapseValues()
+        );
+        return replaceHits(searchHits, response);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/CollapseResponseProcessorTests.java b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/CollapseResponseProcessorTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..cda011f24fea1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/CollapseResponseProcessorTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common;
+
+import org.apache.lucene.search.TotalHits;
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
+import org.opensearch.common.document.DocumentField;
+import org.opensearch.core.common.bytes.BytesArray;
+import org.opensearch.search.SearchHit;
+import org.opensearch.search.SearchHits;
+import org.opensearch.search.internal.InternalSearchResponse;
+import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchTestCase;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class CollapseResponseProcessorTests extends OpenSearchTestCase {
+    public void testWithDocumentFields() {
+        testProcessor(true);
+    }
+
+    public void testWithSourceField() {
+        testProcessor(false);
+    }
+
+    private void testProcessor(boolean includeDocField) {
+        Map<String, Object> config = new HashMap<>(Map.of(CollapseResponseProcessor.COLLAPSE_FIELD, "groupid"));
+        CollapseResponseProcessor processor = new CollapseResponseProcessor.Factory().create(
+            Collections.emptyMap(),
+            null,
+            null,
+            false,
+            config,
+            null
+        );
+        int numHits = randomIntBetween(1, 100);
+        SearchResponse inputResponse = generateResponse(numHits, includeDocField);
+
+        SearchResponse processedResponse = processor.processResponse(new SearchRequest(), inputResponse);
+        if (numHits % 2 == 0) {
+            assertEquals(numHits / 2, processedResponse.getHits().getHits().length);
+        } else {
+            assertEquals(numHits / 2 + 1, processedResponse.getHits().getHits().length);
+        }
+        for (SearchHit collapsedHit : processedResponse.getHits()) {
+            assertEquals(0, collapsedHit.docId() % 2);
+        }
+        assertEquals("groupid", processedResponse.getHits().getCollapseField());
+        assertEquals(processedResponse.getHits().getHits().length, processedResponse.getHits().getCollapseValues().length);
+        for (int i = 0; i < processedResponse.getHits().getHits().length; i++) {
+            assertEquals(i, processedResponse.getHits().getCollapseValues()[i]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static SearchResponse generateResponse(int numHits, boolean includeDocField) {
+        SearchHit[] hitsArray = new SearchHit[numHits];
+        for (int i = 0; i < numHits; i++) {
+            Map<String, DocumentField> docFields;
+            int groupValue = i / 2;
+            if (includeDocField) {
+                docFields = Map.of("groupid", new DocumentField("groupid", List.of(groupValue)));
+            } else {
+                docFields = Collections.emptyMap();
+            }
+            SearchHit hit = new SearchHit(i, Integer.toString(i), docFields, Collections.emptyMap());
+            hit.sourceRef(new BytesArray("{\"groupid\": " + groupValue + "}"));
+            hitsArray[i] = hit;
+        }
+        SearchHits searchHits = new SearchHits(
+            hitsArray,
+            new TotalHits(Math.max(numHits, 1000), TotalHits.Relation.GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO),
+            1.0f
+        );
+        InternalSearchResponse internalSearchResponse = new InternalSearchResponse(searchHits, null, null, null, false, false, 0);
+        return new SearchResponse(internalSearchResponse, null, 1, 1, 0, 10, null, null);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/OversampleRequestProcessorTests.java b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/OversampleRequestProcessorTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..96e99dff9cc03
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/OversampleRequestProcessorTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common;
+
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
+import org.opensearch.search.builder.SearchSourceBuilder;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.PipelineProcessingContext;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common.helpers.ContextUtils;
+import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchTestCase;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class OversampleRequestProcessorTests extends OpenSearchTestCase {
+
+    public void testEmptySource() {
+        OversampleRequestProcessor.Factory factory = new OversampleRequestProcessor.Factory();
+        Map<String, Object> config = new HashMap<>(Map.of(OversampleRequestProcessor.SAMPLE_FACTOR, 3.0));
+        OversampleRequestProcessor processor = factory.create(Collections.emptyMap(), null, null, false, config, null);
+
+        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest();
+        PipelineProcessingContext context = new PipelineProcessingContext();
+        SearchRequest transformedRequest = processor.processRequest(request, context);
+        assertEquals(request, transformedRequest);
+        assertNull(context.getAttribute("original_size"));
+    }
+
+    public void testBasicBehavior() {
+        OversampleRequestProcessor.Factory factory = new OversampleRequestProcessor.Factory();
+        Map<String, Object> config = new HashMap<>(Map.of(OversampleRequestProcessor.SAMPLE_FACTOR, 3.0));
+        OversampleRequestProcessor processor = factory.create(Collections.emptyMap(), null, null, false, config, null);
+
+        SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder().size(10);
+        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest().source(sourceBuilder);
+        PipelineProcessingContext context = new PipelineProcessingContext();
+        SearchRequest transformedRequest = processor.processRequest(request, context);
+        assertEquals(30, transformedRequest.source().size());
+        assertEquals(10, context.getAttribute("original_size"));
+    }
+
+    public void testContextPrefix() {
+        OversampleRequestProcessor.Factory factory = new OversampleRequestProcessor.Factory();
+        Map<String, Object> config = new HashMap<>(
+            Map.of(OversampleRequestProcessor.SAMPLE_FACTOR, 3.0, ContextUtils.CONTEXT_PREFIX_PARAMETER, "foo")
+        );
+        OversampleRequestProcessor processor = factory.create(Collections.emptyMap(), null, null, false, config, null);
+
+        SearchSourceBuilder sourceBuilder = new SearchSourceBuilder().size(10);
+        SearchRequest request = new SearchRequest().source(sourceBuilder);
+        PipelineProcessingContext context = new PipelineProcessingContext();
+        SearchRequest transformedRequest = processor.processRequest(request, context);
+        assertEquals(30, transformedRequest.source().size());
+        assertEquals(10, context.getAttribute("foo.original_size"));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/ScriptRequestProcessorTests.java b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/ScriptRequestProcessorTests.java
index fde9757312e30..b372b220b71ac 100644
--- a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/ScriptRequestProcessorTests.java
+++ b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/ScriptRequestProcessorTests.java
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.script.ScriptType;
 import org.opensearch.script.SearchScript;
 import org.opensearch.search.builder.SearchSourceBuilder;
-import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common.helpers.SearchRequestMap;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.PipelineProcessingContext;
 import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchTestCase;
 import org.junit.Before;
 
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
-import static org.hamcrest.core.Is.is;
-
 public class ScriptRequestProcessorTests extends OpenSearchTestCase {
 
     private ScriptService scriptService;
@@ -87,7 +85,7 @@ public void testScriptingWithoutPrecompiledScriptFactory() throws Exception {
         searchRequest.source(createSearchSourceBuilder());
 
         assertNotNull(searchRequest);
-        processor.processRequest(searchRequest);
+        processor.processRequest(searchRequest, new PipelineProcessingContext());
         assertSearchRequest(searchRequest);
     }
 
@@ -104,7 +102,7 @@ public void testScriptingWithPrecompiledIngestScript() throws Exception {
         searchRequest.source(createSearchSourceBuilder());
 
         assertNotNull(searchRequest);
-        processor.processRequest(searchRequest);
+        processor.processRequest(searchRequest, new PipelineProcessingContext());
         assertSearchRequest(searchRequest);
     }
 
@@ -124,15 +122,15 @@ private SearchSourceBuilder createSearchSourceBuilder() {
     }
 
     private void assertSearchRequest(SearchRequest searchRequest) {
-        assertThat(searchRequest.source().from(), is(20));
-        assertThat(searchRequest.source().size(), is(30));
-        assertThat(searchRequest.source().explain(), is(false));
-        assertThat(searchRequest.source().version(), is(false));
-        assertThat(searchRequest.source().seqNoAndPrimaryTerm(), is(false));
-        assertThat(searchRequest.source().trackScores(), is(false));
-        assertThat(searchRequest.source().trackTotalHitsUpTo(), is(4));
-        assertThat(searchRequest.source().minScore(), is(2.0f));
-        assertThat(searchRequest.source().timeout(), is(new TimeValue(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)));
-        assertThat(searchRequest.source().terminateAfter(), is(6));
+        assertEquals(20, searchRequest.source().from());
+        assertEquals(30, searchRequest.source().size());
+        assertFalse(searchRequest.source().explain());
+        assertFalse(searchRequest.source().version());
+        assertFalse(searchRequest.source().seqNoAndPrimaryTerm());
+        assertFalse(searchRequest.source().trackScores());
+        assertEquals(4, searchRequest.source().trackTotalHitsUpTo().intValue());
+        assertEquals(2.0f, searchRequest.source().minScore(), 0.0001);
+        assertEquals(new TimeValue(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS), searchRequest.source().timeout());
+        assertEquals(6, searchRequest.source().terminateAfter());
     }
 }
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/helpers/SearchRequestMapTests.java b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/SearchRequestMapTests.java
similarity index 99%
rename from modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/helpers/SearchRequestMapTests.java
rename to modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/SearchRequestMapTests.java
index 5572f28335e1c..c982ada7b5ea5 100644
--- a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/helpers/SearchRequestMapTests.java
+++ b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/SearchRequestMapTests.java
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
  * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
  * compatible open source license.
  */
-package org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common.helpers;
+package org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common;
 
 import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
 import org.opensearch.search.builder.SearchSourceBuilder;
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/TruncateHitsResponseProcessorTests.java b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/TruncateHitsResponseProcessorTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7615225c7f77e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/common/TruncateHitsResponseProcessorTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common;
+
+import org.apache.lucene.search.TotalHits;
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
+import org.opensearch.search.SearchHit;
+import org.opensearch.search.SearchHits;
+import org.opensearch.search.internal.InternalSearchResponse;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.PipelineProcessingContext;
+import org.opensearch.search.pipeline.common.helpers.ContextUtils;
+import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchTestCase;
+
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+public class TruncateHitsResponseProcessorTests extends OpenSearchTestCase {
+
+    public void testBasicBehavior() {
+        int targetSize = randomInt(50);
+        TruncateHitsResponseProcessor.Factory factory = new TruncateHitsResponseProcessor.Factory();
+        Map<String, Object> config = new HashMap<>(Map.of(TruncateHitsResponseProcessor.TARGET_SIZE, targetSize));
+        TruncateHitsResponseProcessor processor = factory.create(Collections.emptyMap(), null, null, false, config, null);
+
+        int numHits = randomInt(100);
+        SearchResponse response = constructResponse(numHits);
+        SearchResponse transformedResponse = processor.processResponse(new SearchRequest(), response, new PipelineProcessingContext());
+        assertEquals(Math.min(targetSize, numHits), transformedResponse.getHits().getHits().length);
+    }
+
+    public void testTargetSizePassedViaContext() {
+        TruncateHitsResponseProcessor.Factory factory = new TruncateHitsResponseProcessor.Factory();
+        TruncateHitsResponseProcessor processor = factory.create(Collections.emptyMap(), null, null, false, Collections.emptyMap(), null);
+
+        int targetSize = randomInt(50);
+        int numHits = randomInt(100);
+        SearchResponse response = constructResponse(numHits);
+        PipelineProcessingContext requestContext = new PipelineProcessingContext();
+        requestContext.setAttribute("original_size", targetSize);
+        SearchResponse transformedResponse = processor.processResponse(new SearchRequest(), response, requestContext);
+        assertEquals(Math.min(targetSize, numHits), transformedResponse.getHits().getHits().length);
+    }
+
+    public void testTargetSizePassedViaContextWithPrefix() {
+        TruncateHitsResponseProcessor.Factory factory = new TruncateHitsResponseProcessor.Factory();
+        Map<String, Object> config = new HashMap<>(Map.of(ContextUtils.CONTEXT_PREFIX_PARAMETER, "foo"));
+        TruncateHitsResponseProcessor processor = factory.create(Collections.emptyMap(), null, null, false, config, null);
+
+        int targetSize = randomInt(50);
+        int numHits = randomInt(100);
+        SearchResponse response = constructResponse(numHits);
+        PipelineProcessingContext requestContext = new PipelineProcessingContext();
+        requestContext.setAttribute("foo.original_size", targetSize);
+        SearchResponse transformedResponse = processor.processResponse(new SearchRequest(), response, requestContext);
+        assertEquals(Math.min(targetSize, numHits), transformedResponse.getHits().getHits().length);
+    }
+
+    public void testTargetSizeMissing() {
+        TruncateHitsResponseProcessor.Factory factory = new TruncateHitsResponseProcessor.Factory();
+        TruncateHitsResponseProcessor processor = factory.create(Collections.emptyMap(), null, null, false, Collections.emptyMap(), null);
+
+        int numHits = randomInt(100);
+        SearchResponse response = constructResponse(numHits);
+        assertThrows(
+            IllegalStateException.class,
+            () -> processor.processResponse(new SearchRequest(), response, new PipelineProcessingContext())
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static SearchResponse constructResponse(int numHits) {
+        SearchHit[] hitsArray = new SearchHit[numHits];
+        for (int i = 0; i < numHits; i++) {
+            hitsArray[i] = new SearchHit(i, Integer.toString(i), Collections.emptyMap(), Collections.emptyMap());
+        }
+        SearchHits searchHits = new SearchHits(
+            hitsArray,
+            new TotalHits(Math.max(numHits, 1000), TotalHits.Relation.GREATER_THAN_OR_EQUAL_TO),
+            1.0f
+        );
+        InternalSearchResponse internalSearchResponse = new InternalSearchResponse(searchHits, null, null, null, false, false, 0);
+        return new SearchResponse(internalSearchResponse, null, 1, 1, 0, 10, null, null);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/yamlRestTest/resources/rest-api-spec/test/search_pipeline/60_oversample_truncate.yml b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/yamlRestTest/resources/rest-api-spec/test/search_pipeline/60_oversample_truncate.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1f9e95084322d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/yamlRestTest/resources/rest-api-spec/test/search_pipeline/60_oversample_truncate.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+---
+teardown:
+  - do:
+      search_pipeline.delete:
+        id: "my_pipeline"
+        ignore: 404
+
+---
+"Test state propagating from oversample to truncate_hits processor":
+  - do:
+      search_pipeline.put:
+        id: "my_pipeline"
+        body: >
+          {
+            "description": "_description",
+            "request_processors": [
+              {
+                "oversample" : {
+                  "sample_factor" : 2
+                }
+              }
+            ],
+            "response_processors": [
+              {
+                "collapse" : {
+                  "field" : "group_id"
+                }
+              },
+              {
+                "truncate_hits" : {}
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+  - match: { acknowledged: true }
+
+  - do:
+      index:
+        index: test
+        id: 1
+        body: {
+          "group_id": "a",
+          "popularity" : 1
+        }
+  - do:
+      index:
+        index: test
+        id: 2
+        body: {
+          "group_id": "a",
+          "popularity" : 2
+        }
+  - do:
+      index:
+        index: test
+        id: 3
+        body: {
+          "group_id": "b",
+          "popularity" : 3
+        }
+  - do:
+      index:
+        index: test
+        id: 4
+        body: {
+          "group_id": "b",
+          "popularity" : 4
+        }
+  - do:
+      indices.refresh:
+        index: test
+
+  - do:
+      search:
+        body: {
+          "query" : {
+            "function_score" : {
+              "field_value_factor" : {
+                "field" : "popularity"
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "size" : 2
+        }
+  - match: { hits.total.value: 4 }
+  - length: { hits.hits: 2 }
+  - match: { hits.hits.0._id: "4" }
+  - match: { hits.hits.1._id: "3" }
+
+  - do:
+      search:
+        search_pipeline: my_pipeline
+        body: {
+          "query" : {
+            "function_score" : {
+              "field_value_factor" : {
+                "field" : "popularity"
+              }
+            }
+          },
+          "size" : 2
+        }
+  - match: { hits.total.value: 4 }
+  - length: { hits.hits: 2 }
+  - match: { hits.hits.0._id: "4" }
+  - match: { hits.hits.1._id: "2" }
diff --git a/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/yamlRestTest/resources/rest-api-spec/test/search_pipeline/70_script_truncate.yml b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/yamlRestTest/resources/rest-api-spec/test/search_pipeline/70_script_truncate.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9c9f6747e9bdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/modules/search-pipeline-common/src/yamlRestTest/resources/rest-api-spec/test/search_pipeline/70_script_truncate.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+---
+teardown:
+  - do:
+      search_pipeline.delete:
+        id: "my_pipeline"
+        ignore: 404
+
+---
+"Test state propagating from script request to truncate_hits processor":
+  - do:
+      search_pipeline.put:
+        id: "my_pipeline"
+        body: >
+          {
+            "description": "_description",
+            "request_processors": [
+              {
+                "script" : {
+                  "source" : "ctx.request_context['foo.original_size'] = 2"
+                }
+              }
+            ],
+            "response_processors": [
+              {
+                "truncate_hits" : {
+                  "context_prefix" : "foo"
+                }
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+  - match: { acknowledged: true }
+
+  - do:
+      index:
+        index: test
+        id: 1
+        body: {}
+  - do:
+      index:
+        index: test
+        id: 2
+        body: {}
+  - do:
+      index:
+        index: test
+        id: 3
+        body: {}
+  - do:
+      index:
+        index: test
+        id: 4
+        body: {}
+  - do:
+      indices.refresh:
+        index: test
+
+  - do:
+      search:
+        body: {
+        }
+  - match: { hits.total.value: 4 }
+  - length: { hits.hits: 4 }
+
+  - do:
+      search:
+        search_pipeline: my_pipeline
+        body: {
+        }
+  - match: { hits.total.value: 4 }
+  - length: { hits.hits: 2 }
diff --git a/plugins/crypto-kms/src/main/java/org/opensearch/crypto/kms/KmsMasterKeyProvider.java b/plugins/crypto-kms/src/main/java/org/opensearch/crypto/kms/KmsMasterKeyProvider.java
index 9003e8bebd5ff..19e000628a9c8 100644
--- a/plugins/crypto-kms/src/main/java/org/opensearch/crypto/kms/KmsMasterKeyProvider.java
+++ b/plugins/crypto-kms/src/main/java/org/opensearch/crypto/kms/KmsMasterKeyProvider.java
@@ -59,7 +59,10 @@ public DataKeyPair generateDataPair() {
     @Override
     public byte[] decryptKey(byte[] encryptedKey) {
         try (AmazonKmsClientReference clientReference = clientReferenceSupplier.get()) {
-            DecryptRequest decryptRequest = DecryptRequest.builder().ciphertextBlob(SdkBytes.fromByteArray(encryptedKey)).build();
+            DecryptRequest decryptRequest = DecryptRequest.builder()
+                .ciphertextBlob(SdkBytes.fromByteArray(encryptedKey))
+                .encryptionContext(encryptionContext)
+                .build();
             DecryptResponse decryptResponse = SocketAccess.doPrivileged(() -> clientReference.get().decrypt(decryptRequest));
             return decryptResponse.plaintext().asByteArray();
         }
diff --git a/plugins/discovery-azure-classic/build.gradle b/plugins/discovery-azure-classic/build.gradle
index 1fed446016647..16f2d2c5f23c6 100644
--- a/plugins/discovery-azure-classic/build.gradle
+++ b/plugins/discovery-azure-classic/build.gradle
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ dependencies {
   api "org.apache.logging.log4j:log4j-1.2-api:${versions.log4j}"
   api "commons-codec:commons-codec:${versions.commonscodec}"
   api "commons-lang:commons-lang:2.6"
-  api "commons-io:commons-io:2.13.0"
+  api "commons-io:commons-io:2.15.0"
   api 'javax.mail:mail:1.4.7'
   api 'javax.inject:javax.inject:1'
   api "com.sun.jersey:jersey-client:${versions.jersey}"
diff --git a/plugins/discovery-azure-classic/licenses/commons-io-2.13.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/discovery-azure-classic/licenses/commons-io-2.13.0.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index c165136eb5822..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/discovery-azure-classic/licenses/commons-io-2.13.0.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-8bb2bc9b4df17e2411533a0708a69f983bf5e83b
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/discovery-azure-classic/licenses/commons-io-2.15.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/discovery-azure-classic/licenses/commons-io-2.15.0.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..73709383fd130
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/discovery-azure-classic/licenses/commons-io-2.15.0.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+5c3c2db10f6f797430a7f9c696b4d1273768c924
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/ingest-attachment/build.gradle b/plugins/ingest-attachment/build.gradle
index 8945c09fca28b..57a2493053956 100644
--- a/plugins/ingest-attachment/build.gradle
+++ b/plugins/ingest-attachment/build.gradle
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ dependencies {
   runtimeOnly "com.google.guava:guava:${versions.guava}"
   // Other dependencies
   api 'org.tukaani:xz:1.9'
-  api 'commons-io:commons-io:2.14.0'
+  api 'commons-io:commons-io:2.15.0'
   api "org.slf4j:slf4j-api:${versions.slf4j}"
 
   // character set detection
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ dependencies {
   api "org.apache.poi:poi:${versions.poi}"
   api "org.apache.poi:poi-ooxml-lite:${versions.poi}"
   api "commons-codec:commons-codec:${versions.commonscodec}"
-  api 'org.apache.xmlbeans:xmlbeans:5.1.1'
+  api 'org.apache.xmlbeans:xmlbeans:5.2.0'
   api 'org.apache.commons:commons-collections4:4.4'
   // MS Office
   api "org.apache.poi:poi-scratchpad:${versions.poi}"
diff --git a/plugins/ingest-attachment/licenses/commons-io-2.14.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/ingest-attachment/licenses/commons-io-2.14.0.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index 33c5cfe53e01d..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/ingest-attachment/licenses/commons-io-2.14.0.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-a4c6e1f6c196339473cd2e1b037f0eb97c62755b
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/ingest-attachment/licenses/commons-io-2.15.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/ingest-attachment/licenses/commons-io-2.15.0.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..73709383fd130
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/ingest-attachment/licenses/commons-io-2.15.0.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+5c3c2db10f6f797430a7f9c696b4d1273768c924
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/ingest-attachment/licenses/xmlbeans-5.1.1.jar.sha1 b/plugins/ingest-attachment/licenses/xmlbeans-5.1.1.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index 4d1d2ad0807e7..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/ingest-attachment/licenses/xmlbeans-5.1.1.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-48a369df0eccb509d46203104e4df9cb00f0f68b
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/ingest-attachment/licenses/xmlbeans-5.2.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/ingest-attachment/licenses/xmlbeans-5.2.0.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f34274d593697
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/ingest-attachment/licenses/xmlbeans-5.2.0.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+6198ac997b3f234f2b5393fa415f78fac2e06510
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/repository-azure/licenses/reactor-netty-core-1.1.12.jar.sha1 b/plugins/repository-azure/licenses/reactor-netty-core-1.1.12.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index 352d69396d0c9..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/repository-azure/licenses/reactor-netty-core-1.1.12.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-378dc5a375e6440099e837b22cf4b01341cbe4ea
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/repository-azure/licenses/reactor-netty-core-1.1.13.jar.sha1 b/plugins/repository-azure/licenses/reactor-netty-core-1.1.13.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5eaf96739ed72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/repository-azure/licenses/reactor-netty-core-1.1.13.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+faea23e582978a34f6a932b81e86206ec2314990
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/repository-azure/licenses/reactor-netty-http-1.1.12.jar.sha1 b/plugins/repository-azure/licenses/reactor-netty-http-1.1.12.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index 1bcb0e0c52950..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/repository-azure/licenses/reactor-netty-http-1.1.12.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-e839fadb8f45d8a7a2783466faedd03373366c23
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/repository-azure/licenses/reactor-netty-http-1.1.13.jar.sha1 b/plugins/repository-azure/licenses/reactor-netty-http-1.1.13.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..091125169c696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/repository-azure/licenses/reactor-netty-http-1.1.13.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+c5af7bc746050d080891a5446cca2c96a0c51d03
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3AsyncService.java b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3AsyncService.java
index 262304029a0d3..d691cad9c9d03 100644
--- a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3AsyncService.java
+++ b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3AsyncService.java
@@ -374,7 +374,7 @@ private static IrsaCredentials buildFromEnvironment(IrsaCredentials defaults) {
         return new IrsaCredentials(webIdentityTokenFile, roleArn, roleSessionName);
     }
 
-    private synchronized void releaseCachedClients() {
+    public synchronized void releaseCachedClients() {
         // the clients will shutdown when they will not be used anymore
         for (final AmazonAsyncS3Reference clientReference : clientsCache.values()) {
             clientReference.decRef();
diff --git a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3BlobContainer.java b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3BlobContainer.java
index c1180aab0e0c7..3a55fcb0bdbcd 100644
--- a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3BlobContainer.java
+++ b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3BlobContainer.java
@@ -91,6 +91,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.repositories.s3.async.UploadRequest;
 import org.opensearch.repositories.s3.utils.HttpRangeUtils;
 
+import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
@@ -188,10 +189,38 @@ public void asyncBlobUpload(WriteContext writeContext, ActionListener<Void> comp
             writeContext.getWritePriority(),
             writeContext.getUploadFinalizer(),
             writeContext.doRemoteDataIntegrityCheck(),
-            writeContext.getExpectedChecksum()
+            writeContext.getExpectedChecksum(),
+            blobStore.isUploadRetryEnabled()
         );
         try {
-            long partSize = blobStore.getAsyncTransferManager().calculateOptimalPartSize(writeContext.getFileSize());
+            if (uploadRequest.getContentLength() > ByteSizeUnit.GB.toBytes(10) && blobStore.isRedirectLargeUploads()) {
+                StreamContext streamContext = SocketAccess.doPrivileged(
+                    () -> writeContext.getStreamProvider(uploadRequest.getContentLength())
+                );
+                InputStreamContainer inputStream = streamContext.provideStream(0);
+                try {
+                    executeMultipartUpload(
+                        blobStore,
+                        uploadRequest.getKey(),
+                        inputStream.getInputStream(),
+                        uploadRequest.getContentLength()
+                    );
+                    completionListener.onResponse(null);
+                } catch (Exception ex) {
+                    logger.error(
+                        () -> new ParameterizedMessage(
+                            "Failed to upload large file {} of size {} ",
+                            uploadRequest.getKey(),
+                            uploadRequest.getContentLength()
+                        ),
+                        ex
+                    );
+                    completionListener.onFailure(ex);
+                }
+                return;
+            }
+            long partSize = blobStore.getAsyncTransferManager()
+                .calculateOptimalPartSize(writeContext.getFileSize(), writeContext.getWritePriority(), blobStore.isUploadRetryEnabled());
             StreamContext streamContext = SocketAccess.doPrivileged(() -> writeContext.getStreamProvider(partSize));
             try (AmazonAsyncS3Reference amazonS3Reference = SocketAccess.doPrivileged(blobStore::asyncClientReference)) {
 
@@ -537,8 +566,14 @@ void executeSingleUpload(final S3BlobStore blobStore, final String blobName, fin
 
         PutObjectRequest putObjectRequest = putObjectRequestBuilder.build();
         try (AmazonS3Reference clientReference = blobStore.clientReference()) {
+            final InputStream requestInputStream;
+            if (blobStore.isUploadRetryEnabled()) {
+                requestInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(input, (int) (blobSize + 1));
+            } else {
+                requestInputStream = input;
+            }
             SocketAccess.doPrivilegedVoid(
-                () -> clientReference.get().putObject(putObjectRequest, RequestBody.fromInputStream(input, blobSize))
+                () -> clientReference.get().putObject(putObjectRequest, RequestBody.fromInputStream(requestInputStream, blobSize))
             );
         } catch (final SdkException e) {
             throw new IOException("Unable to upload object [" + blobName + "] using a single upload", e);
@@ -578,6 +613,13 @@ void executeMultipartUpload(final S3BlobStore blobStore, final String blobName,
             createMultipartUploadRequestBuilder.serverSideEncryption(ServerSideEncryption.AES256);
         }
 
+        final InputStream requestInputStream;
+        if (blobStore.isUploadRetryEnabled()) {
+            requestInputStream = new BufferedInputStream(input, (int) (partSize + 1));
+        } else {
+            requestInputStream = input;
+        }
+
         CreateMultipartUploadRequest createMultipartUploadRequest = createMultipartUploadRequestBuilder.build();
         try (AmazonS3Reference clientReference = blobStore.clientReference()) {
             uploadId.set(
@@ -601,10 +643,9 @@ void executeMultipartUpload(final S3BlobStore blobStore, final String blobName,
                     .build();
 
                 bytesCount += uploadPartRequest.contentLength();
-
                 final UploadPartResponse uploadResponse = SocketAccess.doPrivileged(
                     () -> clientReference.get()
-                        .uploadPart(uploadPartRequest, RequestBody.fromInputStream(input, uploadPartRequest.contentLength()))
+                        .uploadPart(uploadPartRequest, RequestBody.fromInputStream(requestInputStream, uploadPartRequest.contentLength()))
                 );
                 parts.add(CompletedPart.builder().partNumber(uploadPartRequest.partNumber()).eTag(uploadResponse.eTag()).build());
             }
diff --git a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3BlobStore.java b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3BlobStore.java
index e8e043357e126..fc70fbb0db00e 100644
--- a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3BlobStore.java
+++ b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3BlobStore.java
@@ -56,8 +56,10 @@
 import static org.opensearch.repositories.s3.S3Repository.BUFFER_SIZE_SETTING;
 import static org.opensearch.repositories.s3.S3Repository.BULK_DELETE_SIZE;
 import static org.opensearch.repositories.s3.S3Repository.CANNED_ACL_SETTING;
+import static org.opensearch.repositories.s3.S3Repository.REDIRECT_LARGE_S3_UPLOAD;
 import static org.opensearch.repositories.s3.S3Repository.SERVER_SIDE_ENCRYPTION_SETTING;
 import static org.opensearch.repositories.s3.S3Repository.STORAGE_CLASS_SETTING;
+import static org.opensearch.repositories.s3.S3Repository.UPLOAD_RETRY_ENABLED;
 
 class S3BlobStore implements BlobStore {
 
@@ -71,6 +73,10 @@ class S3BlobStore implements BlobStore {
 
     private volatile ByteSizeValue bufferSize;
 
+    private volatile boolean redirectLargeUploads;
+
+    private volatile boolean uploadRetryEnabled;
+
     private volatile boolean serverSideEncryption;
 
     private volatile ObjectCannedACL cannedACL;
@@ -119,6 +125,9 @@ class S3BlobStore implements BlobStore {
         this.normalExecutorBuilder = normalExecutorBuilder;
         this.priorityExecutorBuilder = priorityExecutorBuilder;
         this.urgentExecutorBuilder = urgentExecutorBuilder;
+        // Settings to initialize blobstore with.
+        this.redirectLargeUploads = REDIRECT_LARGE_S3_UPLOAD.get(repositoryMetadata.settings());
+        this.uploadRetryEnabled = UPLOAD_RETRY_ENABLED.get(repositoryMetadata.settings());
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -130,6 +139,8 @@ public void reload(RepositoryMetadata repositoryMetadata) {
         this.cannedACL = initCannedACL(CANNED_ACL_SETTING.get(repositoryMetadata.settings()));
         this.storageClass = initStorageClass(STORAGE_CLASS_SETTING.get(repositoryMetadata.settings()));
         this.bulkDeletesSize = BULK_DELETE_SIZE.get(repositoryMetadata.settings());
+        this.redirectLargeUploads = REDIRECT_LARGE_S3_UPLOAD.get(repositoryMetadata.settings());
+        this.uploadRetryEnabled = UPLOAD_RETRY_ENABLED.get(repositoryMetadata.settings());
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -149,6 +160,14 @@ int getMaxRetries() {
         return service.settings(repositoryMetadata).maxRetries;
     }
 
+    public boolean isRedirectLargeUploads() {
+        return redirectLargeUploads;
+    }
+
+    public boolean isUploadRetryEnabled() {
+        return uploadRetryEnabled;
+    }
+
     public String bucket() {
         return bucket;
     }
diff --git a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3ClientSettings.java b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3ClientSettings.java
index 2392c66329e06..4fda0ee95a3ec 100644
--- a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3ClientSettings.java
+++ b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3ClientSettings.java
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ final class S3ClientSettings {
     static final Setting.AffixSetting<TimeValue> REQUEST_TIMEOUT_SETTING = Setting.affixKeySetting(
         PREFIX,
         "request_timeout",
-        key -> Setting.timeSetting(key, TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(2), Property.NodeScope)
+        key -> Setting.timeSetting(key, TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(5), Property.NodeScope)
     );
 
     /** The connection timeout for connecting to s3. */
@@ -198,14 +198,14 @@ final class S3ClientSettings {
     static final Setting.AffixSetting<Integer> MAX_CONNECTIONS_SETTING = Setting.affixKeySetting(
         PREFIX,
         "max_connections",
-        key -> Setting.intSetting(key, 100, Property.NodeScope)
+        key -> Setting.intSetting(key, 500, Property.NodeScope)
     );
 
     /** Connection acquisition timeout for new connections to S3. */
     static final Setting.AffixSetting<TimeValue> CONNECTION_ACQUISITION_TIMEOUT = Setting.affixKeySetting(
         PREFIX,
         "connection_acquisition_timeout",
-        key -> Setting.timeSetting(key, TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(2), Property.NodeScope)
+        key -> Setting.timeSetting(key, TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(15), Property.NodeScope)
     );
 
     /** The maximum pending connections to S3. */
diff --git a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3Repository.java b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3Repository.java
index 728a99b1220a6..f7772a57c9afd 100644
--- a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3Repository.java
+++ b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3Repository.java
@@ -147,6 +147,20 @@ class S3Repository extends MeteredBlobStoreRepository {
      */
     static final ByteSizeValue MAX_FILE_SIZE_USING_MULTIPART = new ByteSizeValue(5, ByteSizeUnit.TB);
 
+    /**
+     * Whether large uploads need to be redirected to slow sync s3 client.
+     */
+    static final Setting<Boolean> REDIRECT_LARGE_S3_UPLOAD = Setting.boolSetting(
+        "redirect_large_s3_upload",
+        true,
+        Setting.Property.NodeScope
+    );
+
+    /**
+     * Whether retry on uploads are enabled. This setting wraps inputstream with buffered stream to enable retries.
+     */
+    static final Setting<Boolean> UPLOAD_RETRY_ENABLED = Setting.boolSetting("s3_upload_retry_enabled", true, Setting.Property.NodeScope);
+
     /**
      * Minimum threshold below which the chunk is uploaded using a single request. Beyond this threshold,
      * the S3 repository will use the AWS Multipart Upload API to split the chunk into several parts, each of buffer_size length, and
@@ -391,7 +405,9 @@ public void reload(RepositoryMetadata newRepositoryMetadata) {
 
         // Reload configs for S3RepositoryPlugin
         service.settings(metadata);
+        service.releaseCachedClients();
         s3AsyncService.settings(metadata);
+        s3AsyncService.releaseCachedClients();
 
         // Reload configs for S3BlobStore
         BlobStore blobStore = getBlobStore();
diff --git a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3RepositoryPlugin.java b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3RepositoryPlugin.java
index 9ed232464d080..e7d2a4d024e60 100644
--- a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3RepositoryPlugin.java
+++ b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3RepositoryPlugin.java
@@ -99,23 +99,32 @@ public S3RepositoryPlugin(final Settings settings, final Path configPath) {
     @Override
     public List<ExecutorBuilder<?>> getExecutorBuilders(Settings settings) {
         List<ExecutorBuilder<?>> executorBuilders = new ArrayList<>();
-        int halfProcMaxAt5 = halfAllocatedProcessorsMaxFive(allocatedProcessors(settings));
+        int halfProc = halfNumberOfProcessors(allocatedProcessors(settings));
         executorBuilders.add(
             new FixedExecutorBuilder(settings, URGENT_FUTURE_COMPLETION, urgentPoolCount(settings), 10_000, URGENT_FUTURE_COMPLETION)
         );
-        executorBuilders.add(new ScalingExecutorBuilder(URGENT_STREAM_READER, 1, halfProcMaxAt5, TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(5)));
+        executorBuilders.add(new ScalingExecutorBuilder(URGENT_STREAM_READER, 1, halfProc, TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(5)));
         executorBuilders.add(
-            new FixedExecutorBuilder(settings, PRIORITY_FUTURE_COMPLETION, priorityPoolCount(settings), 10_000, PRIORITY_FUTURE_COMPLETION)
+            new ScalingExecutorBuilder(PRIORITY_FUTURE_COMPLETION, 1, allocatedProcessors(settings), TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(5))
         );
-        executorBuilders.add(new ScalingExecutorBuilder(PRIORITY_STREAM_READER, 1, halfProcMaxAt5, TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(5)));
+        executorBuilders.add(new ScalingExecutorBuilder(PRIORITY_STREAM_READER, 1, halfProc, TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(5)));
 
-        executorBuilders.add(new FixedExecutorBuilder(settings, FUTURE_COMPLETION, normalPoolCount(settings), 10_000, FUTURE_COMPLETION));
-        executorBuilders.add(new ScalingExecutorBuilder(STREAM_READER, 1, halfProcMaxAt5, TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(5)));
+        executorBuilders.add(
+            new ScalingExecutorBuilder(FUTURE_COMPLETION, 1, allocatedProcessors(settings), TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(5))
+        );
+        executorBuilders.add(
+            new ScalingExecutorBuilder(
+                STREAM_READER,
+                allocatedProcessors(settings),
+                4 * allocatedProcessors(settings),
+                TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(5)
+            )
+        );
         return executorBuilders;
     }
 
-    static int halfAllocatedProcessorsMaxFive(final int allocatedProcessors) {
-        return boundedBy((allocatedProcessors + 1) / 2, 1, 5);
+    static int halfNumberOfProcessors(int numberOfProcessors) {
+        return (numberOfProcessors + 1) / 2;
     }
 
     S3RepositoryPlugin(final Settings settings, final Path configPath, final S3Service service, final S3AsyncService s3AsyncService) {
@@ -252,7 +261,9 @@ public List<Setting<?>> getSettings() {
             S3ClientSettings.IDENTITY_TOKEN_FILE_SETTING,
             S3ClientSettings.ROLE_SESSION_NAME_SETTING,
             S3Repository.PARALLEL_MULTIPART_UPLOAD_MINIMUM_PART_SIZE_SETTING,
-            S3Repository.PARALLEL_MULTIPART_UPLOAD_ENABLED_SETTING
+            S3Repository.PARALLEL_MULTIPART_UPLOAD_ENABLED_SETTING,
+            S3Repository.REDIRECT_LARGE_S3_UPLOAD,
+            S3Repository.UPLOAD_RETRY_ENABLED
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3Service.java b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3Service.java
index b1b3e19eac275..24387fb98a425 100644
--- a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3Service.java
+++ b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3Service.java
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ private static IrsaCredentials buildFromEnviroment(IrsaCredentials defaults) {
         return new IrsaCredentials(webIdentityTokenFile, roleArn, roleSessionName);
     }
 
-    private synchronized void releaseCachedClients() {
+    public synchronized void releaseCachedClients() {
         // the clients will shutdown when they will not be used anymore
         for (final AmazonS3Reference clientReference : clientsCache.values()) {
             clientReference.decRef();
diff --git a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/StatsMetricPublisher.java b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/StatsMetricPublisher.java
index 0c63bfdb1ff97..8d2772d42ebca 100644
--- a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/StatsMetricPublisher.java
+++ b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/StatsMetricPublisher.java
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@
 import software.amazon.awssdk.metrics.MetricPublisher;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.metrics.MetricRecord;
 
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
 import org.opensearch.common.blobstore.BlobStore;
 
 import java.time.Duration;
@@ -21,6 +23,7 @@
 
 public class StatsMetricPublisher {
 
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger(StatsMetricPublisher.class);
     private final Stats stats = new Stats();
 
     private final Map<BlobStore.Metric, Stats> extendedStats = new HashMap<>() {
@@ -35,6 +38,7 @@ public class StatsMetricPublisher {
     public MetricPublisher listObjectsMetricPublisher = new MetricPublisher() {
         @Override
         public void publish(MetricCollection metricCollection) {
+            LOGGER.debug(() -> "List objects request metrics: " + metricCollection);
             for (MetricRecord<?> metricRecord : metricCollection) {
                 switch (metricRecord.metric().name()) {
                     case "ApiCallDuration":
@@ -64,6 +68,7 @@ public void close() {}
     public MetricPublisher deleteObjectsMetricPublisher = new MetricPublisher() {
         @Override
         public void publish(MetricCollection metricCollection) {
+            LOGGER.debug(() -> "Delete objects request metrics: " + metricCollection);
             for (MetricRecord<?> metricRecord : metricCollection) {
                 switch (metricRecord.metric().name()) {
                     case "ApiCallDuration":
@@ -93,6 +98,7 @@ public void close() {}
     public MetricPublisher getObjectMetricPublisher = new MetricPublisher() {
         @Override
         public void publish(MetricCollection metricCollection) {
+            LOGGER.debug(() -> "Get object request metrics: " + metricCollection);
             for (MetricRecord<?> metricRecord : metricCollection) {
                 switch (metricRecord.metric().name()) {
                     case "ApiCallDuration":
@@ -122,6 +128,7 @@ public void close() {}
     public MetricPublisher putObjectMetricPublisher = new MetricPublisher() {
         @Override
         public void publish(MetricCollection metricCollection) {
+            LOGGER.debug(() -> "Put object request metrics: " + metricCollection);
             for (MetricRecord<?> metricRecord : metricCollection) {
                 switch (metricRecord.metric().name()) {
                     case "ApiCallDuration":
@@ -151,6 +158,7 @@ public void close() {}
     public MetricPublisher multipartUploadMetricCollector = new MetricPublisher() {
         @Override
         public void publish(MetricCollection metricCollection) {
+            LOGGER.debug(() -> "Multi-part request metrics: " + metricCollection);
             for (MetricRecord<?> metricRecord : metricCollection) {
                 switch (metricRecord.metric().name()) {
                     case "ApiCallDuration":
diff --git a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/async/AsyncPartsHandler.java b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/async/AsyncPartsHandler.java
index 933ee6dc29513..b4c4ed0ecaa75 100644
--- a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/async/AsyncPartsHandler.java
+++ b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/async/AsyncPartsHandler.java
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@
 import org.opensearch.common.StreamContext;
 import org.opensearch.common.blobstore.stream.write.WritePriority;
 import org.opensearch.common.io.InputStreamContainer;
-import org.opensearch.core.common.unit.ByteSizeUnit;
 import org.opensearch.repositories.s3.SocketAccess;
+import org.opensearch.repositories.s3.StatsMetricPublisher;
 import org.opensearch.repositories.s3.io.CheckedContainer;
 
 import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ public class AsyncPartsHandler {
      * @param uploadId Upload Id against which multi-part is being performed
      * @param completedParts Reference of completed parts
      * @param inputStreamContainers Checksum containers
+     * @param statsMetricPublisher sdk metric publisher
      * @return list of completable futures
      * @throws IOException thrown in case of an IO error
      */
@@ -66,7 +67,9 @@ public static List<CompletableFuture<CompletedPart>> uploadParts(
         StreamContext streamContext,
         String uploadId,
         AtomicReferenceArray<CompletedPart> completedParts,
-        AtomicReferenceArray<CheckedContainer> inputStreamContainers
+        AtomicReferenceArray<CheckedContainer> inputStreamContainers,
+        StatsMetricPublisher statsMetricPublisher,
+        boolean uploadRetryEnabled
     ) throws IOException {
         List<CompletableFuture<CompletedPart>> futures = new ArrayList<>();
         for (int partIdx = 0; partIdx < streamContext.getNumberOfParts(); partIdx++) {
@@ -77,6 +80,7 @@ public static List<CompletableFuture<CompletedPart>> uploadParts(
                 .partNumber(partIdx + 1)
                 .key(uploadRequest.getKey())
                 .uploadId(uploadId)
+                .overrideConfiguration(o -> o.addMetricPublisher(statsMetricPublisher.multipartUploadMetricCollector))
                 .contentLength(inputStreamContainer.getContentLength());
             if (uploadRequest.doRemoteDataIntegrityCheck()) {
                 uploadPartRequestBuilder.checksumAlgorithm(ChecksumAlgorithm.CRC32);
@@ -91,7 +95,8 @@ public static List<CompletableFuture<CompletedPart>> uploadParts(
                 futures,
                 uploadPartRequestBuilder.build(),
                 inputStreamContainer,
-                uploadRequest
+                uploadRequest,
+                uploadRetryEnabled
             );
         }
 
@@ -128,6 +133,18 @@ public static void cleanUpParts(S3AsyncClient s3AsyncClient, UploadRequest uploa
         }));
     }
 
+    public static InputStream maybeRetryInputStream(
+        InputStream inputStream,
+        WritePriority writePriority,
+        boolean uploadRetryEnabled,
+        long contentLength
+    ) {
+        if (uploadRetryEnabled == true && (writePriority == WritePriority.HIGH || writePriority == WritePriority.URGENT)) {
+            return new BufferedInputStream(inputStream, (int) (contentLength + 1));
+        }
+        return inputStream;
+    }
+
     private static void uploadPart(
         S3AsyncClient s3AsyncClient,
         ExecutorService executorService,
@@ -138,7 +155,8 @@ private static void uploadPart(
         List<CompletableFuture<CompletedPart>> futures,
         UploadPartRequest uploadPartRequest,
         InputStreamContainer inputStreamContainer,
-        UploadRequest uploadRequest
+        UploadRequest uploadRequest,
+        boolean uploadRetryEnabled
     ) {
         Integer partNumber = uploadPartRequest.partNumber();
 
@@ -150,9 +168,13 @@ private static void uploadPart(
         } else {
             streamReadExecutor = executorService;
         }
-        // Buffered stream is needed to allow mark and reset ops during IO errors so that only buffered
-        // data can be retried instead of retrying whole file by the application.
-        InputStream inputStream = new BufferedInputStream(inputStreamContainer.getInputStream(), (int) (ByteSizeUnit.MB.toBytes(1) + 1));
+
+        InputStream inputStream = maybeRetryInputStream(
+            inputStreamContainer.getInputStream(),
+            uploadRequest.getWritePriority(),
+            uploadRetryEnabled,
+            uploadPartRequest.contentLength()
+        );
         CompletableFuture<UploadPartResponse> uploadPartResponseFuture = SocketAccess.doPrivileged(
             () -> s3AsyncClient.uploadPart(
                 uploadPartRequest,
diff --git a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/async/AsyncTransferManager.java b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/async/AsyncTransferManager.java
index 4f1ab9764702e..2259780c95276 100644
--- a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/async/AsyncTransferManager.java
+++ b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/async/AsyncTransferManager.java
@@ -34,11 +34,11 @@
 import org.opensearch.common.io.InputStreamContainer;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.ByteUtils;
 import org.opensearch.core.common.unit.ByteSizeUnit;
+import org.opensearch.core.common.unit.ByteSizeValue;
 import org.opensearch.repositories.s3.SocketAccess;
 import org.opensearch.repositories.s3.StatsMetricPublisher;
 import org.opensearch.repositories.s3.io.CheckedContainer;
 
-import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -146,7 +146,14 @@ private void uploadInParts(
                 handleException(returnFuture, () -> "Failed to initiate multipart upload", throwable);
             } else {
                 log.debug(() -> "Initiated new multipart upload, uploadId: " + createMultipartUploadResponse.uploadId());
-                doUploadInParts(s3AsyncClient, uploadRequest, streamContext, returnFuture, createMultipartUploadResponse.uploadId());
+                doUploadInParts(
+                    s3AsyncClient,
+                    uploadRequest,
+                    streamContext,
+                    returnFuture,
+                    createMultipartUploadResponse.uploadId(),
+                    statsMetricPublisher
+                );
             }
         });
     }
@@ -156,7 +163,8 @@ private void doUploadInParts(
         UploadRequest uploadRequest,
         StreamContext streamContext,
         CompletableFuture<Void> returnFuture,
-        String uploadId
+        String uploadId,
+        StatsMetricPublisher statsMetricPublisher
     ) {
 
         // The list of completed parts must be sorted
@@ -174,7 +182,9 @@ private void doUploadInParts(
                 streamContext,
                 uploadId,
                 completedParts,
-                inputStreamContainers
+                inputStreamContainers,
+                statsMetricPublisher,
+                uploadRequest.isUploadRetryEnabled()
             );
         } catch (Exception ex) {
             try {
@@ -198,7 +208,7 @@ private void doUploadInParts(
             }
             return null;
         })
-            .thenCompose(ignore -> completeMultipartUpload(s3AsyncClient, uploadRequest, uploadId, completedParts))
+            .thenCompose(ignore -> completeMultipartUpload(s3AsyncClient, uploadRequest, uploadId, completedParts, statsMetricPublisher))
             .handle(handleExceptionOrResponse(s3AsyncClient, uploadRequest, returnFuture, uploadId))
             .exceptionally(throwable -> {
                 handleException(returnFuture, () -> "Unexpected exception occurred", throwable);
@@ -245,7 +255,8 @@ private CompletableFuture<CompleteMultipartUploadResponse> completeMultipartUplo
         S3AsyncClient s3AsyncClient,
         UploadRequest uploadRequest,
         String uploadId,
-        AtomicReferenceArray<CompletedPart> completedParts
+        AtomicReferenceArray<CompletedPart> completedParts,
+        StatsMetricPublisher statsMetricPublisher
     ) {
 
         log.debug(() -> new ParameterizedMessage("Sending completeMultipartUploadRequest, uploadId: {}", uploadId));
@@ -254,6 +265,7 @@ private CompletableFuture<CompleteMultipartUploadResponse> completeMultipartUplo
             .bucket(uploadRequest.getBucket())
             .key(uploadRequest.getKey())
             .uploadId(uploadId)
+            .overrideConfiguration(o -> o.addMetricPublisher(statsMetricPublisher.multipartUploadMetricCollector))
             .multipartUpload(CompletedMultipartUpload.builder().parts(parts).build())
             .build();
 
@@ -291,10 +303,13 @@ private static void handleException(CompletableFuture<Void> returnFuture, Suppli
     /**
      * Calculates the optimal part size of each part request if the upload operation is carried out as multipart upload.
      */
-    public long calculateOptimalPartSize(long contentLengthOfSource) {
+    public long calculateOptimalPartSize(long contentLengthOfSource, WritePriority writePriority, boolean uploadRetryEnabled) {
         if (contentLengthOfSource < ByteSizeUnit.MB.toBytes(5)) {
             return contentLengthOfSource;
         }
+        if (uploadRetryEnabled && (writePriority == WritePriority.HIGH || writePriority == WritePriority.URGENT)) {
+            return new ByteSizeValue(5, ByteSizeUnit.MB).getBytes();
+        }
         double optimalPartSize = contentLengthOfSource / (double) MAX_UPLOAD_PARTS;
         optimalPartSize = Math.ceil(optimalPartSize);
         return (long) Math.max(optimalPartSize, minimumPartSize);
@@ -324,9 +339,13 @@ private void uploadInOneChunk(
         } else {
             streamReadExecutor = executorService;
         }
-        // Buffered stream is needed to allow mark and reset ops during IO errors so that only buffered
-        // data can be retried instead of retrying whole file by the application.
-        InputStream inputStream = new BufferedInputStream(inputStreamContainer.getInputStream(), (int) (ByteSizeUnit.MB.toBytes(1) + 1));
+
+        InputStream inputStream = AsyncPartsHandler.maybeRetryInputStream(
+            inputStreamContainer.getInputStream(),
+            uploadRequest.getWritePriority(),
+            uploadRequest.isUploadRetryEnabled(),
+            uploadRequest.getContentLength()
+        );
         CompletableFuture<Void> putObjectFuture = SocketAccess.doPrivileged(
             () -> s3AsyncClient.putObject(
                 putObjectRequestBuilder.build(),
diff --git a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/async/UploadRequest.java b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/async/UploadRequest.java
index 3804c8417eb9f..a5304dc4a97d6 100644
--- a/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/async/UploadRequest.java
+++ b/plugins/repository-s3/src/main/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/async/UploadRequest.java
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@ public class UploadRequest {
     private final boolean doRemoteDataIntegrityCheck;
     private final Long expectedChecksum;
 
+    private boolean uploadRetryEnabled;
+
     /**
      * Construct a new UploadRequest object
      *
@@ -43,7 +45,8 @@ public UploadRequest(
         WritePriority writePriority,
         CheckedConsumer<Boolean, IOException> uploadFinalizer,
         boolean doRemoteDataIntegrityCheck,
-        Long expectedChecksum
+        Long expectedChecksum,
+        boolean uploadRetryEnabled
     ) {
         this.bucket = bucket;
         this.key = key;
@@ -52,6 +55,7 @@ public UploadRequest(
         this.uploadFinalizer = uploadFinalizer;
         this.doRemoteDataIntegrityCheck = doRemoteDataIntegrityCheck;
         this.expectedChecksum = expectedChecksum;
+        this.uploadRetryEnabled = uploadRetryEnabled;
     }
 
     public String getBucket() {
@@ -81,4 +85,8 @@ public boolean doRemoteDataIntegrityCheck() {
     public Long getExpectedChecksum() {
         return expectedChecksum;
     }
+
+    public boolean isUploadRetryEnabled() {
+        return uploadRetryEnabled;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/plugins/repository-s3/src/test/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3BlobContainerMockClientTests.java b/plugins/repository-s3/src/test/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3BlobContainerMockClientTests.java
index 7c67519f2f3b0..8c7e196d7c812 100644
--- a/plugins/repository-s3/src/test/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3BlobContainerMockClientTests.java
+++ b/plugins/repository-s3/src/test/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3BlobContainerMockClientTests.java
@@ -9,7 +9,10 @@
 package org.opensearch.repositories.s3;
 
 import software.amazon.awssdk.core.async.AsyncRequestBody;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.core.exception.SdkException;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.core.sync.RequestBody;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.S3AsyncClient;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.S3Client;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.AbortMultipartUploadRequest;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.AbortMultipartUploadResponse;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.CompleteMultipartUploadRequest;
@@ -18,8 +21,10 @@
 import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.CreateMultipartUploadResponse;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.DeleteObjectRequest;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.DeleteObjectResponse;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.ObjectCannedACL;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.PutObjectRequest;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.PutObjectResponse;
+import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.StorageClass;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.UploadPartRequest;
 import software.amazon.awssdk.services.s3.model.UploadPartResponse;
 
@@ -37,6 +42,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.io.IOUtils;
 import org.opensearch.core.action.ActionListener;
+import org.opensearch.core.common.unit.ByteSizeUnit;
 import org.opensearch.core.common.unit.ByteSizeValue;
 import org.opensearch.repositories.s3.async.AsyncExecutorContainer;
 import org.opensearch.repositories.s3.async.AsyncTransferEventLoopGroup;
@@ -61,15 +67,21 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
+import java.util.stream.IntStream;
 
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
 import org.mockito.invocation.InvocationOnMock;
 
 import static org.opensearch.repositories.s3.S3Repository.BULK_DELETE_SIZE;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyLong;
+import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.any;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.doAnswer;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.doNothing;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
 public class S3BlobContainerMockClientTests extends OpenSearchTestCase implements ConfigPathSupport {
 
@@ -516,7 +528,7 @@ public InputStreamContainer apply(Integer partNo, Long size, Long position) thro
                     }
                 }, partSize, calculateLastPartSize(blobSize, partSize), calculateNumberOfParts(blobSize, partSize));
             }
-        }, blobSize, false, WritePriority.HIGH, uploadSuccess -> {
+        }, blobSize, false, WritePriority.NORMAL, uploadSuccess -> {
             assertTrue(uploadSuccess);
             if (throwExceptionOnFinalizeUpload) {
                 throw new RuntimeException();
@@ -546,4 +558,115 @@ private long calculateLastPartSize(long totalSize, long partSize) {
     private int calculateNumberOfParts(long contentLength, long partSize) {
         return (int) ((contentLength % partSize) == 0 ? contentLength / partSize : (contentLength / partSize) + 1);
     }
+
+    public void testFailureWhenLargeFileRedirected() throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        testLargeFilesRedirectedToSlowSyncClient(true);
+    }
+
+    public void testLargeFileRedirected() throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        testLargeFilesRedirectedToSlowSyncClient(false);
+    }
+
+    private void testLargeFilesRedirectedToSlowSyncClient(boolean expectException) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
+        final ByteSizeValue partSize = new ByteSizeValue(1024, ByteSizeUnit.MB);
+
+        int numberOfParts = 20;
+        final long lastPartSize = new ByteSizeValue(20, ByteSizeUnit.MB).getBytes();
+        final long blobSize = ((numberOfParts - 1) * partSize.getBytes()) + lastPartSize;
+        CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        AtomicReference<Exception> exceptionRef = new AtomicReference<>();
+        ActionListener<Void> completionListener = ActionListener.wrap(resp -> { countDownLatch.countDown(); }, ex -> {
+            exceptionRef.set(ex);
+            countDownLatch.countDown();
+        });
+
+        final String bucketName = randomAlphaOfLengthBetween(1, 10);
+
+        final BlobPath blobPath = new BlobPath();
+        if (randomBoolean()) {
+            IntStream.of(randomIntBetween(1, 5)).forEach(value -> blobPath.add("path_" + value));
+        }
+
+        final long bufferSize = ByteSizeUnit.MB.toBytes(randomIntBetween(5, 1024));
+
+        final S3BlobStore blobStore = mock(S3BlobStore.class);
+        when(blobStore.bucket()).thenReturn(bucketName);
+        when(blobStore.getStatsMetricPublisher()).thenReturn(new StatsMetricPublisher());
+        when(blobStore.bufferSizeInBytes()).thenReturn(bufferSize);
+
+        final boolean serverSideEncryption = randomBoolean();
+        when(blobStore.serverSideEncryption()).thenReturn(serverSideEncryption);
+
+        final StorageClass storageClass = randomFrom(StorageClass.values());
+        when(blobStore.getStorageClass()).thenReturn(storageClass);
+        when(blobStore.isRedirectLargeUploads()).thenReturn(true);
+
+        final ObjectCannedACL cannedAccessControlList = randomBoolean() ? randomFrom(ObjectCannedACL.values()) : null;
+        if (cannedAccessControlList != null) {
+            when(blobStore.getCannedACL()).thenReturn(cannedAccessControlList);
+        }
+
+        final S3Client client = mock(S3Client.class);
+        final AmazonS3Reference clientReference = Mockito.spy(new AmazonS3Reference(client));
+        doNothing().when(clientReference).close();
+        when(blobStore.clientReference()).thenReturn(clientReference);
+        final CreateMultipartUploadResponse createMultipartUploadResponse = CreateMultipartUploadResponse.builder()
+            .uploadId(randomAlphaOfLength(10))
+            .build();
+        when(client.createMultipartUpload(any(CreateMultipartUploadRequest.class))).thenReturn(createMultipartUploadResponse);
+        if (expectException) {
+            when(client.uploadPart(any(UploadPartRequest.class), any(RequestBody.class))).thenThrow(
+                SdkException.create("Expected upload part request to fail", new RuntimeException())
+            );
+        } else {
+            when(client.uploadPart(any(UploadPartRequest.class), any(RequestBody.class))).thenReturn(UploadPartResponse.builder().build());
+        }
+
+        // Fail the completion request
+        when(client.completeMultipartUpload(any(CompleteMultipartUploadRequest.class))).thenReturn(
+            CompleteMultipartUploadResponse.builder().build()
+        );
+        when(client.abortMultipartUpload(any(AbortMultipartUploadRequest.class))).thenReturn(
+            AbortMultipartUploadResponse.builder().build()
+        );
+
+        List<InputStream> openInputStreams = new ArrayList<>();
+        final S3BlobContainer s3BlobContainer = Mockito.spy(new S3BlobContainer(blobPath, blobStore));
+        s3BlobContainer.asyncBlobUpload(new WriteContext("write_large_blob", new StreamContextSupplier() {
+            @Override
+            public StreamContext supplyStreamContext(long partSize) {
+                return new StreamContext(new CheckedTriFunction<Integer, Long, Long, InputStreamContainer, IOException>() {
+                    @Override
+                    public InputStreamContainer apply(Integer partNo, Long size, Long position) throws IOException {
+                        InputStream inputStream = new OffsetRangeIndexInputStream(new ZeroIndexInput("desc", blobSize), size, position);
+                        openInputStreams.add(inputStream);
+                        return new InputStreamContainer(inputStream, size, position);
+                    }
+                }, partSize, calculateLastPartSize(blobSize, partSize), calculateNumberOfParts(blobSize, partSize));
+            }
+        }, blobSize, false, WritePriority.HIGH, uploadSuccess -> { assertTrue(uploadSuccess); }, false, null), completionListener);
+
+        assertTrue(countDownLatch.await(5000, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
+        if (expectException) {
+            assertNotNull(exceptionRef.get());
+        } else {
+            assertNull(exceptionRef.get());
+        }
+        verify(s3BlobContainer, times(1)).executeMultipartUpload(any(S3BlobStore.class), anyString(), any(InputStream.class), anyLong());
+
+        if (expectException) {
+            verify(client, times(1)).abortMultipartUpload(any(AbortMultipartUploadRequest.class));
+        } else {
+            verify(client, times(0)).abortMultipartUpload(any(AbortMultipartUploadRequest.class));
+        }
+
+        openInputStreams.forEach(inputStream -> {
+            try {
+                inputStream.close();
+            } catch (IOException ex) {
+                logger.error("Error closing input stream");
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
 }
diff --git a/plugins/repository-s3/src/test/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3ClientSettingsTests.java b/plugins/repository-s3/src/test/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3ClientSettingsTests.java
index 61c9c998b1dec..f27c8387b6e45 100644
--- a/plugins/repository-s3/src/test/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3ClientSettingsTests.java
+++ b/plugins/repository-s3/src/test/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/S3ClientSettingsTests.java
@@ -70,10 +70,10 @@ public void testThereIsADefaultClientByDefault() {
         assertThat(defaultSettings.protocol, is(Protocol.HTTPS));
         assertThat(defaultSettings.proxySettings, is(ProxySettings.NO_PROXY_SETTINGS));
         assertThat(defaultSettings.readTimeoutMillis, is(50 * 1000));
-        assertThat(defaultSettings.requestTimeoutMillis, is(120 * 1000));
+        assertThat(defaultSettings.requestTimeoutMillis, is(5 * 60 * 1000));
         assertThat(defaultSettings.connectionTimeoutMillis, is(10 * 1000));
         assertThat(defaultSettings.connectionTTLMillis, is(5 * 1000));
-        assertThat(defaultSettings.maxConnections, is(100));
+        assertThat(defaultSettings.maxConnections, is(500));
         assertThat(defaultSettings.maxRetries, is(3));
         assertThat(defaultSettings.throttleRetries, is(true));
     }
diff --git a/plugins/repository-s3/src/test/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/async/AsyncTransferManagerTests.java b/plugins/repository-s3/src/test/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/async/AsyncTransferManagerTests.java
index 2437547a80a6f..b753b847df869 100644
--- a/plugins/repository-s3/src/test/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/async/AsyncTransferManagerTests.java
+++ b/plugins/repository-s3/src/test/java/org/opensearch/repositories/s3/async/AsyncTransferManagerTests.java
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ public void testOneChunkUpload() {
             s3AsyncClient,
             new UploadRequest("bucket", "key", ByteSizeUnit.MB.toBytes(1), WritePriority.HIGH, uploadSuccess -> {
                 // do nothing
-            }, false, null),
+            }, false, null, true),
             new StreamContext((partIdx, partSize, position) -> {
                 streamRef.set(new ZeroInputStream(partSize));
                 return new InputStreamContainer(streamRef.get(), partSize, position);
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ public void testOneChunkUploadCorruption() {
             s3AsyncClient,
             new UploadRequest("bucket", "key", ByteSizeUnit.MB.toBytes(1), WritePriority.HIGH, uploadSuccess -> {
                 // do nothing
-            }, false, null),
+            }, false, null, true),
             new StreamContext(
                 (partIdx, partSize, position) -> new InputStreamContainer(new ZeroInputStream(partSize), partSize, position),
                 ByteSizeUnit.MB.toBytes(1),
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ public void testMultipartUpload() {
             s3AsyncClient,
             new UploadRequest("bucket", "key", ByteSizeUnit.MB.toBytes(5), WritePriority.HIGH, uploadSuccess -> {
                 // do nothing
-            }, true, 3376132981L),
+            }, true, 3376132981L, true),
             new StreamContext((partIdx, partSize, position) -> {
                 InputStream stream = new ZeroInputStream(partSize);
                 streams.add(stream);
@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ public void testMultipartUploadCorruption() {
             s3AsyncClient,
             new UploadRequest("bucket", "key", ByteSizeUnit.MB.toBytes(5), WritePriority.HIGH, uploadSuccess -> {
                 // do nothing
-            }, true, 0L),
+            }, true, 0L, true),
             new StreamContext(
                 (partIdx, partSize, position) -> new InputStreamContainer(new ZeroInputStream(partSize), partSize, position),
                 ByteSizeUnit.MB.toBytes(1),
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/build.gradle b/plugins/telemetry-otel/build.gradle
index f5c367cb7643b..9be83e30c3183 100644
--- a/plugins/telemetry-otel/build.gradle
+++ b/plugins/telemetry-otel/build.gradle
@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ thirdPartyAudit {
     'org.conscrypt.ConscryptHostnameVerifier',
     'org.openjsse.javax.net.ssl.SSLParameters',
     'org.openjsse.javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket',
+    'io.opentelemetry.api.events.EventBuilder',
     'io.opentelemetry.api.events.EventEmitter',
     'io.opentelemetry.api.events.EventEmitterBuilder',
     'io.opentelemetry.api.events.EventEmitterProvider',
@@ -86,7 +87,8 @@ thirdPartyAudit {
     'io.opentelemetry.sdk.autoconfigure.spi.metrics.ConfigurableMetricExporterProvider',
     'io.opentelemetry.sdk.autoconfigure.spi.traces.ConfigurableSpanExporterProvider',
     'kotlin.io.path.PathsKt',
-    'io.opentelemetry.sdk.autoconfigure.spi.traces.ConfigurableSpanExporterProvider'
+    'io.opentelemetry.sdk.autoconfigure.spi.traces.ConfigurableSpanExporterProvider',
+    'io.opentelemetry.sdk.autoconfigure.spi.internal.AutoConfigureListener'
   )
 }
 
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-api-1.31.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-api-1.31.0.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index eae141a8d1a23..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-api-1.31.0.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-bb24a44d73484c681c236aed84fe6c28d17f30e2
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-api-1.32.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-api-1.32.0.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2c038aad4b934
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-api-1.32.0.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+a5c081d8f877225732efe13908f350029c811709
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-context-1.31.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-context-1.31.0.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index 6e42973adc581..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-context-1.31.0.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-b8004737f7a970124e36ac71fde8eb88423e8cee
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-context-1.32.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-context-1.32.0.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3243f524432eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-context-1.32.0.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+c5f8bb68084ea5709a27e935907b1bb49d0bd049
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-common-1.31.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-common-1.31.0.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index b119468e7f88b..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-common-1.31.0.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-b7b4baf5f9af72d5eb8a231dfb114ae31c57150d
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-common-1.32.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-common-1.32.0.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1d7da47286ae0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-common-1.32.0.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+3643061da474061ffa7f2036a58a7a0d40212276
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-logging-1.31.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-logging-1.31.0.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index 8f653922d6418..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-logging-1.31.0.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-260e5363dad83a0ae65c16ad6a3dd2914e0db201
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-logging-1.32.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-logging-1.32.0.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3fab0e47adcbe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-logging-1.32.0.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+ab56c7223112fac13a66e3f667c5fc666f4a3707
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-1.31.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-1.31.0.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index 103da4720de96..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-1.31.0.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-b6454464425dfd81519070caeca3824558a2f1ae
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-1.32.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-1.32.0.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f93cf7a63bfad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-1.32.0.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+5752d171cd08ac84f9273258a315bc5f97e1187e
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-common-1.31.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-common-1.31.0.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index 3db07532ceea9..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-common-1.31.0.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-d8c22b6851bbc3dbf5d2387b9bde158ed5416ba4
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-common-1.32.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-common-1.32.0.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2fc33b62aee54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-otlp-common-1.32.0.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+6b41cd66a385d513b58b6617f20b701435b64abd
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-sender-okhttp-1.31.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-sender-okhttp-1.31.0.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index 10d9b7cdfe3e3..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-sender-okhttp-1.31.0.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-dd209381d58cfe81a989e29c9ca26d97c8dabd7a
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-sender-okhttp-1.32.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-sender-okhttp-1.32.0.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..99f758b047aa2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-exporter-sender-okhttp-1.32.0.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+9346006cead763247a786b5cabf3e1ae3c88eadb
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-extension-incubator-1.31.0-alpha.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-extension-incubator-1.31.0-alpha.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index 162890965a6eb..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-extension-incubator-1.31.0-alpha.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-6c9f5c063309d92b6dd28bff0667f54b63afd36f
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-extension-incubator-1.32.0-alpha.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-extension-incubator-1.32.0-alpha.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..705a342a684c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-extension-incubator-1.32.0-alpha.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+fab56e187e3fb3c70c18223184d53a76500114ab
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-1.31.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-1.31.0.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index d6ce31a31cc6f..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-1.31.0.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-2b2093be08a09ac536292bf6cecf8129cc7fb191
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-1.32.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-1.32.0.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..31818695cc774
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-1.32.0.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+504de8cc7dc68e84c8c7c2757522d934e9c50d35
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-common-1.31.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-common-1.31.0.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index 8a6a9705d836d..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-common-1.31.0.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-f492528288236e097e12fc1c45963dd82c70d33c
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-common-1.32.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-common-1.32.0.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3cf3080a98bd9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-common-1.32.0.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+454c7a6afab864de9f0c166246f28f16aaa824c1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-logs-1.31.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-logs-1.31.0.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index 37d79f5c573f7..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-logs-1.31.0.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-a63a203d3dc6f8875f8c26b9e3b522dc9a3f6280
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-logs-1.32.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-logs-1.32.0.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..41b0dca07556e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-logs-1.32.0.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+b054760243906af0a327a8f5bd99adc2826ccd88
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-metrics-1.31.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-metrics-1.31.0.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index 80179e4808f50..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-metrics-1.31.0.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-47cc23762fae728d68e4fda1dfb71986ae0b8b3e
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-metrics-1.32.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-metrics-1.32.0.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2f71fd5cc780a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-metrics-1.32.0.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+bff24f085193e105d4e23e3db27bf81ccb3d830e
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-1.31.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-1.31.0.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index fd917a58ba77c..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-1.31.0.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-a3941197cfb8ae9eb9e482073480c0c3918b746c
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-1.32.0.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-1.32.0.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f0060b8a0f78f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-sdk-trace-1.32.0.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+d80ad3210fa890a856a1d04379d134ab44a09501
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-semconv-1.21.0-alpha.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-semconv-1.21.0-alpha.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index 77b12c99464f6..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-semconv-1.21.0-alpha.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-207660e74d1e155272e9559fd4d27854b92fc6ac
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-semconv-1.23.1-alpha.jar.sha1 b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-semconv-1.23.1-alpha.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e730c83af905e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/telemetry-otel/licenses/opentelemetry-semconv-1.23.1-alpha.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+218e361772670212a46be5940010222d68e66f2a
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/transport-reactor-netty4/licenses/reactor-netty-core-1.1.12.jar.sha1 b/plugins/transport-reactor-netty4/licenses/reactor-netty-core-1.1.12.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index 352d69396d0c9..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/transport-reactor-netty4/licenses/reactor-netty-core-1.1.12.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-378dc5a375e6440099e837b22cf4b01341cbe4ea
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/transport-reactor-netty4/licenses/reactor-netty-core-1.1.13.jar.sha1 b/plugins/transport-reactor-netty4/licenses/reactor-netty-core-1.1.13.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5eaf96739ed72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/transport-reactor-netty4/licenses/reactor-netty-core-1.1.13.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+faea23e582978a34f6a932b81e86206ec2314990
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/transport-reactor-netty4/licenses/reactor-netty-http-1.1.12.jar.sha1 b/plugins/transport-reactor-netty4/licenses/reactor-netty-http-1.1.12.jar.sha1
deleted file mode 100644
index 1bcb0e0c52950..0000000000000
--- a/plugins/transport-reactor-netty4/licenses/reactor-netty-http-1.1.12.jar.sha1
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-e839fadb8f45d8a7a2783466faedd03373366c23
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/plugins/transport-reactor-netty4/licenses/reactor-netty-http-1.1.13.jar.sha1 b/plugins/transport-reactor-netty4/licenses/reactor-netty-http-1.1.13.jar.sha1
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..091125169c696
--- /dev/null
+++ b/plugins/transport-reactor-netty4/licenses/reactor-netty-http-1.1.13.jar.sha1
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+c5af7bc746050d080891a5446cca2c96a0c51d03
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/rest-api-spec/src/main/resources/rest-api-spec/test/search.aggregation/10_histogram.yml b/rest-api-spec/src/main/resources/rest-api-spec/test/search.aggregation/10_histogram.yml
index 3b16cdb13a22f..e7da9a0bc454c 100644
--- a/rest-api-spec/src/main/resources/rest-api-spec/test/search.aggregation/10_histogram.yml
+++ b/rest-api-spec/src/main/resources/rest-api-spec/test/search.aggregation/10_histogram.yml
@@ -598,7 +598,6 @@ setup:
   - match: { aggregations.histo.buckets.0.doc_count: 2 }
   - match: { profile.shards.0.aggregations.0.type: DateHistogramAggregator }
   - match: { profile.shards.0.aggregations.0.description: histo }
-  - match: { profile.shards.0.aggregations.0.breakdown.collect_count: 4 }
   - match: { profile.shards.0.aggregations.0.debug.total_buckets: 3 }
 
 ---
diff --git a/server/build.gradle b/server/build.gradle
index 17b8ff0469ad8..30e6c732c3e2d 100644
--- a/server/build.gradle
+++ b/server/build.gradle
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ publishing {
 }
 
 base {
-  archivesBaseName = 'opensearch'
+  archivesName = 'opensearch'
 }
 
 sourceSets {
diff --git a/server/cli/build.gradle b/server/cli/build.gradle
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..385d5ff27433e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/cli/build.gradle
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ *
+ * Modifications Copyright OpenSearch Contributors. See
+ * GitHub history for details.
+ */
+
+// This file is intentionally blank. All configuration of the
+// distribution is done in the parent project.
+
+// See please https://docs.gradle.org/8.5/userguide/upgrading_version_8.html#deprecated_missing_project_directory
diff --git a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/cluster/metadata/ClusterIndexRefreshIntervalIT.java b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/cluster/metadata/ClusterIndexRefreshIntervalIT.java
index 54824b67b7abc..25fa7ae7eb8eb 100644
--- a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/cluster/metadata/ClusterIndexRefreshIntervalIT.java
+++ b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/cluster/metadata/ClusterIndexRefreshIntervalIT.java
@@ -35,23 +35,27 @@
 import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.get.GetIndexRequest;
 import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.get.GetIndexResponse;
 import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.settings.put.UpdateSettingsRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.template.put.PutIndexTemplateRequest;
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.opensearch.common.unit.TimeValue;
 import org.opensearch.core.index.Index;
 import org.opensearch.index.IndexService;
 import org.opensearch.index.IndexSettings;
 import org.opensearch.indices.IndicesService;
+import org.opensearch.snapshots.AbstractSnapshotIntegTestCase;
 import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchIntegTestCase;
 import org.junit.Before;
 
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
 
 import static org.opensearch.indices.IndicesService.CLUSTER_DEFAULT_INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING;
 import static org.opensearch.indices.IndicesService.CLUSTER_MINIMUM_INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING;
 
-@OpenSearchIntegTestCase.ClusterScope(scope = OpenSearchIntegTestCase.Scope.TEST, numDataNodes = 0)
-public class ClusterIndexRefreshIntervalIT extends OpenSearchIntegTestCase {
+@OpenSearchIntegTestCase.ClusterScope(scope = OpenSearchIntegTestCase.Scope.TEST, numDataNodes = 2)
+public class ClusterIndexRefreshIntervalIT extends AbstractSnapshotIntegTestCase {
 
     public static final String INDEX_NAME = "test-index";
 
@@ -69,9 +73,39 @@ public void setUp() throws Exception {
         internalCluster().startClusterManagerOnlyNode();
     }
 
+    static void putIndexTemplate(String refreshInterval) {
+        PutIndexTemplateRequest request = new PutIndexTemplateRequest("my-template"); // <1>
+        request.patterns(Arrays.asList("pattern-1", "log-*")); // <2>
+
+        request.settings(
+            Settings.builder() // <1>
+                .put("index.number_of_shards", 1)
+                .put("index.number_of_replicas", 1)
+                .put("index.refresh_interval", refreshInterval)
+        );
+        assertTrue(client().admin().indices().putTemplate(request).actionGet().isAcknowledged());
+    }
+
+    public void testIndexTemplateCreationSucceedsWhenNoMinimumRefreshInterval() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        String clusterManagerName = internalCluster().getClusterManagerName();
+        List<String> dataNodes = new ArrayList<>(internalCluster().getDataNodeNames());
+        putIndexTemplate("2s");
+
+        // Test index creation using template with valid refresh interval
+        String indexName = "log-myindex-1";
+        createIndex(indexName);
+        ensureYellowAndNoInitializingShards(indexName);
+        ensureGreen(indexName);
+        GetIndexResponse getIndexResponse = client(clusterManagerName).admin().indices().getIndex(new GetIndexRequest()).get();
+        IndicesService indicesService = internalCluster().getInstance(IndicesService.class, randomFrom(dataNodes));
+        String uuid = getIndexResponse.getSettings().get(indexName).get(IndexMetadata.SETTING_INDEX_UUID);
+        IndexService indexService = indicesService.indexService(new Index(indexName, uuid));
+        assertEquals(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(2), indexService.getRefreshTaskInterval());
+    }
+
     public void testDefaultRefreshIntervalWithUpdateClusterAndIndexSettings() throws Exception {
         String clusterManagerName = internalCluster().getClusterManagerName();
-        List<String> dataNodes = internalCluster().startDataOnlyNodes(2);
+        List<String> dataNodes = new ArrayList<>(internalCluster().getDataNodeNames());
         createIndex(INDEX_NAME);
         ensureYellowAndNoInitializingShards(INDEX_NAME);
         ensureGreen(INDEX_NAME);
@@ -90,7 +124,7 @@ public void testDefaultRefreshIntervalWithUpdateClusterAndIndexSettings() throws
             .get();
         assertEquals(refreshInterval, indexService.getRefreshTaskInterval());
 
-        // Update of cluster.minimum.index.refresh_interval setting to value less than refreshInterval above will fail
+        // Update of cluster.minimum.index.refresh_interval setting to value more than default refreshInterval above will fail
         TimeValue invalidMinimumRefreshInterval = TimeValue.timeValueMillis(refreshInterval.millis() + randomIntBetween(1, 1000));
         IllegalArgumentException exceptionDuringMinUpdate = assertThrows(
             IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -205,7 +239,7 @@ public void testRefreshIntervalDisabled() throws ExecutionException, Interrupted
             .getAsTime(IndicesService.CLUSTER_MINIMUM_INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING.getKey(), TimeValue.MINUS_ONE);
         boolean createIndexSuccess = clusterMinimumRefreshInterval.equals(TimeValue.MINUS_ONE);
         String clusterManagerName = internalCluster().getClusterManagerName();
-        List<String> dataNodes = internalCluster().startDataOnlyNodes(2);
+        List<String> dataNodes = new ArrayList<>(internalCluster().getDataNodeNames());
         Settings settings = Settings.builder()
             .put(indexSettings())
             .put(IndexSettings.INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING.getKey(), IndexSettings.MINIMUM_REFRESH_INTERVAL)
@@ -236,7 +270,7 @@ protected TimeValue getMinRefreshIntervalForRefreshDisabled() {
 
     public void testInvalidRefreshInterval() {
         String invalidRefreshInterval = "-10s";
-        internalCluster().startDataOnlyNodes(2);
+        List<String> dataNodes = new ArrayList<>(internalCluster().getDataNodeNames());
         Settings settings = Settings.builder()
             .put(indexSettings())
             .put(IndexSettings.INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING.getKey(), invalidRefreshInterval)
@@ -251,7 +285,7 @@ public void testInvalidRefreshInterval() {
     }
 
     public void testCreateIndexWithExplicitNullRefreshInterval() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
-        List<String> dataNodes = internalCluster().startDataOnlyNodes(2);
+        List<String> dataNodes = new ArrayList<>(internalCluster().getDataNodeNames());
         Settings indexSettings = Settings.builder()
             .put(indexSettings())
             .putNull(IndexSettings.INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING.getKey())
@@ -278,7 +312,7 @@ public void testCreateIndexWithExplicitNullRefreshInterval() throws ExecutionExc
      * the index setting. The underlying index should continue to use the same refresh interval as earlier.
      */
     public void testClusterMinimumChangeOnIndexWithCustomRefreshInterval() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
-        List<String> dataNodes = internalCluster().startDataOnlyNodes(2);
+        List<String> dataNodes = new ArrayList<>(internalCluster().getDataNodeNames());
         TimeValue customRefreshInterval = TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(getDefaultRefreshInterval().getSeconds() + randomIntBetween(1, 5));
         Settings indexSettings = Settings.builder()
             .put(indexSettings())
diff --git a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/cluster/metadata/ClusterIndexRefreshIntervalWithNodeSettingsIT.java b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/cluster/metadata/ClusterIndexRefreshIntervalWithNodeSettingsIT.java
index 5fc7bfcbcd442..2817d0e6a5951 100644
--- a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/cluster/metadata/ClusterIndexRefreshIntervalWithNodeSettingsIT.java
+++ b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/cluster/metadata/ClusterIndexRefreshIntervalWithNodeSettingsIT.java
@@ -8,9 +8,27 @@
 
 package org.opensearch.cluster.metadata;
 
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.cluster.snapshots.restore.RestoreSnapshotResponse;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.get.GetIndexRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.get.GetIndexResponse;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.template.get.GetIndexTemplatesResponse;
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.opensearch.common.unit.TimeValue;
 import org.opensearch.indices.IndicesService;
+import org.opensearch.snapshots.SnapshotInfo;
+import org.opensearch.snapshots.SnapshotState;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+
+import static org.opensearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata.INDEX_NUMBER_OF_SHARDS_SETTING;
+import static org.opensearch.index.IndexSettings.INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING;
+import static org.opensearch.indices.IndicesService.CLUSTER_DEFAULT_INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING;
+import static org.opensearch.indices.IndicesService.CLUSTER_MINIMUM_INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING;
+import static org.opensearch.test.hamcrest.OpenSearchAssertions.assertIndexTemplateExists;
+import static org.opensearch.test.hamcrest.OpenSearchAssertions.assertIndexTemplateMissing;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
 
 public class ClusterIndexRefreshIntervalWithNodeSettingsIT extends ClusterIndexRefreshIntervalIT {
 
@@ -26,6 +44,166 @@ protected Settings nodeSettings(int nodeOrdinal) {
             .build();
     }
 
+    public void testIndexTemplateCreationFailsWithLessThanMinimumRefreshInterval() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        Throwable throwable = assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> putIndexTemplate("0s"));
+        assertEquals(
+            throwable.getMessage(),
+            String.format(
+                Locale.ROOT,
+                "invalid index.refresh_interval [%s]: cannot be smaller than cluster.minimum.index.refresh_interval [%s]",
+                "0s",
+                getMinRefreshIntervalForRefreshDisabled()
+            )
+        );
+    }
+
+    public void testIndexTemplateSnapshotRestoreWithLessThanMinimumRefreshInterval() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        putIndexTemplate("2s");
+        createRepository("test-repo", "fs");
+
+        final SnapshotInfo snapshotInfo = clusterAdmin().prepareCreateSnapshot("test-repo", "test-snap")
+            .setIndices()
+            .setWaitForCompletion(true)
+            .execute()
+            .get()
+            .getSnapshotInfo();
+        assertThat(snapshotInfo.state(), is(SnapshotState.SUCCESS));
+
+        assertThat(snapshotInfo.totalShards(), equalTo(0));
+        assertThat(snapshotInfo.successfulShards(), equalTo(0));
+
+        assertThat(client().admin().indices().prepareDeleteTemplate("my-template").get().isAcknowledged(), equalTo(true));
+
+        GetIndexTemplatesResponse getIndexTemplatesResponse = client().admin().indices().prepareGetTemplates().get();
+        assertIndexTemplateMissing(getIndexTemplatesResponse, "my-template");
+
+        String clusterManagerName = internalCluster().getClusterManagerName();
+        client(clusterManagerName).admin()
+            .cluster()
+            .prepareUpdateSettings()
+            .setTransientSettings(
+                Settings.builder()
+                    .put(CLUSTER_DEFAULT_INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING.getKey(), "5s")
+                    .put(CLUSTER_MINIMUM_INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING.getKey(), "4s")
+            )
+            .get();
+
+        logger.info("--> try restore cluster state -- should fail");
+        Throwable throwable = assertThrows(
+            IllegalArgumentException.class,
+            () -> clusterAdmin().prepareRestoreSnapshot("test-repo", "test-snap")
+                .setWaitForCompletion(true)
+                .setRestoreGlobalState(true)
+                .execute()
+                .actionGet()
+        );
+        assertEquals(
+            throwable.getMessage(),
+            "invalid index.refresh_interval [2s]: cannot be smaller than cluster.minimum.index.refresh_interval [4s]"
+        );
+
+        client(clusterManagerName).admin()
+            .cluster()
+            .prepareUpdateSettings()
+            .setTransientSettings(
+                Settings.builder()
+                    .put(CLUSTER_DEFAULT_INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING.getKey(), "5s")
+                    .put(CLUSTER_MINIMUM_INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING.getKey(), "1s")
+            )
+            .get();
+
+        logger.info("--> restore cluster state");
+        RestoreSnapshotResponse restoreSnapshotResponse = clusterAdmin().prepareRestoreSnapshot("test-repo", "test-snap")
+            .setWaitForCompletion(true)
+            .setRestoreGlobalState(true)
+            .execute()
+            .actionGet();
+        assertThat(restoreSnapshotResponse.getRestoreInfo().totalShards(), equalTo(0));
+
+        getIndexTemplatesResponse = client().admin().indices().prepareGetTemplates().get();
+        assertIndexTemplateExists(getIndexTemplatesResponse, "my-template");
+
+    }
+
+    public void testIndexSnapshotRestoreWithLessThanMinimumRefreshInterval() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        createIndex(
+            "my-index",
+            Settings.builder()
+                .put(indexSettings())
+                .put(INDEX_NUMBER_OF_SHARDS_SETTING.getKey(), 1)
+                .put(INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING.getKey(), "2s")
+                .build()
+        );
+
+        createRepository("test-repo", "fs");
+
+        final SnapshotInfo snapshotInfo = clusterAdmin().prepareCreateSnapshot("test-repo", "test-snap")
+            .setIndices()
+            .setWaitForCompletion(true)
+            .execute()
+            .get()
+            .getSnapshotInfo();
+        assertThat(snapshotInfo.state(), is(SnapshotState.SUCCESS));
+
+        assertThat(snapshotInfo.totalShards(), equalTo(1));
+        assertThat(snapshotInfo.successfulShards(), equalTo(1));
+
+        GetIndexResponse getIndexResponse = client().admin().indices().getIndex(new GetIndexRequest().indices("my-index")).get();
+        assertEquals(1, getIndexResponse.indices().length);
+        assertEquals("2s", getIndexResponse.getSetting("my-index", INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING.getKey()));
+
+        assertThat(client().admin().indices().prepareDelete("my-index").get().isAcknowledged(), equalTo(true));
+
+        getIndexResponse = client().admin().indices().getIndex(new GetIndexRequest()).get();
+        assertEquals(getIndexResponse.indices().length, 0);
+
+        String clusterManagerName = internalCluster().getClusterManagerName();
+        client(clusterManagerName).admin()
+            .cluster()
+            .prepareUpdateSettings()
+            .setTransientSettings(
+                Settings.builder()
+                    .put(CLUSTER_DEFAULT_INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING.getKey(), "5s")
+                    .put(CLUSTER_MINIMUM_INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING.getKey(), "4s")
+            )
+            .get();
+
+        logger.info("--> try restore cluster state -- should fail");
+        Throwable throwable = assertThrows(
+            IllegalArgumentException.class,
+            () -> clusterAdmin().prepareRestoreSnapshot("test-repo", "test-snap")
+                .setWaitForCompletion(true)
+                .setRestoreGlobalState(true)
+                .execute()
+                .actionGet()
+        );
+        assertEquals(
+            throwable.getMessage(),
+            "invalid index.refresh_interval [2s]: cannot be smaller than cluster.minimum.index.refresh_interval [4s]"
+        );
+
+        client(clusterManagerName).admin()
+            .cluster()
+            .prepareUpdateSettings()
+            .setTransientSettings(
+                Settings.builder()
+                    .put(CLUSTER_DEFAULT_INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING.getKey(), "5s")
+                    .put(CLUSTER_MINIMUM_INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING.getKey(), "1s")
+            )
+            .get();
+
+        logger.info("--> try restore cluster state -- should pass");
+        RestoreSnapshotResponse restoreSnapshotResponse = clusterAdmin().prepareRestoreSnapshot("test-repo", "test-snap")
+            .setWaitForCompletion(true)
+            .setRestoreGlobalState(true)
+            .execute()
+            .actionGet();
+        assertThat(restoreSnapshotResponse.getRestoreInfo().totalShards(), equalTo(1));
+
+        getIndexResponse = client().admin().indices().getIndex(new GetIndexRequest().indices("my-index")).get();
+        assertEquals(getIndexResponse.indices().length, 1);
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected TimeValue getMinRefreshIntervalForRefreshDisabled() {
         return TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1);
diff --git a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/MaxDocsLimitIT.java b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/MaxDocsLimitIT.java
index 385d33c359559..8321630d34229 100644
--- a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/MaxDocsLimitIT.java
+++ b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/MaxDocsLimitIT.java
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
 import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata;
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.opensearch.core.index.Index;
+import org.opensearch.core.index.shard.ShardId;
 import org.opensearch.core.rest.RestStatus;
 import org.opensearch.core.xcontent.MediaTypeRegistry;
 import org.opensearch.index.IndexSettings;
@@ -65,6 +67,7 @@
 public class MaxDocsLimitIT extends OpenSearchIntegTestCase {
 
     private static final AtomicInteger maxDocs = new AtomicInteger();
+    private static final ShardId shardId = new ShardId(new Index("test", "_na_"), 0);
 
     public static class TestEnginePlugin extends Plugin implements EnginePlugin {
         @Override
@@ -122,7 +125,10 @@ public void testMaxDocsLimit() throws Exception {
             IllegalArgumentException.class,
             () -> client().prepareDelete("test", "any-id").get()
         );
-        assertThat(deleteError.getMessage(), containsString("Number of documents in the index can't exceed [" + maxDocs.get() + "]"));
+        assertThat(
+            deleteError.getMessage(),
+            containsString("Number of documents in shard " + shardId + " exceeds the limit of [" + maxDocs.get() + "] documents per shard")
+        );
         client().admin().indices().prepareRefresh("test").get();
         SearchResponse searchResponse = client().prepareSearch("test")
             .setQuery(new MatchAllQueryBuilder())
@@ -208,7 +214,16 @@ static IndexingResult indexDocs(int numRequests, int numThreads) throws Exceptio
                         assertThat(resp.status(), equalTo(RestStatus.CREATED));
                     } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
                         numFailure.incrementAndGet();
-                        assertThat(e.getMessage(), containsString("Number of documents in the index can't exceed [" + maxDocs.get() + "]"));
+                        assertThat(
+                            e.getMessage(),
+                            containsString(
+                                "Number of documents in shard "
+                                    + shardId
+                                    + " exceeds the limit of ["
+                                    + maxDocs.get()
+                                    + "] documents per shard"
+                            )
+                        );
                     }
                 }
             });
diff --git a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/AdmissionControlMultiNodeIT.java b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/AdmissionControlMultiNodeIT.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0af3d31f9e846
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/AdmissionControlMultiNodeIT.java
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol;
+
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.cluster.health.ClusterHealthRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.cluster.health.ClusterHealthResponse;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.cluster.node.stats.NodesStatsRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.cluster.node.stats.NodesStatsResponse;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.cluster.settings.ClusterUpdateSettingsRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.stats.IndicesStatsResponse;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.stats.ShardStats;
+import org.opensearch.action.bulk.BulkRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.bulk.BulkResponse;
+import org.opensearch.action.index.IndexRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchPhaseExecutionException;
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.node.DiscoveryNodes;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.ShardRouting;
+import org.opensearch.common.UUIDs;
+import org.opensearch.common.collect.Tuple;
+import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.opensearch.common.unit.TimeValue;
+import org.opensearch.node.resource.tracker.ResourceTrackerSettings;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlMode;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.settings.CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.stats.AdmissionControllerStats;
+import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchIntegTestCase;
+import org.junit.After;
+import org.junit.Before;
+
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
+import static org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.AdmissionControlSettings.ADMISSION_CONTROL_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE;
+import static org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.settings.CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.INDEXING_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT;
+import static org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.settings.CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT;
+import static org.opensearch.test.hamcrest.OpenSearchAssertions.assertAcked;
+
+@OpenSearchIntegTestCase.ClusterScope(scope = OpenSearchIntegTestCase.Scope.TEST, numDataNodes = 2, numClientNodes = 1)
+public class AdmissionControlMultiNodeIT extends OpenSearchIntegTestCase {
+
+    public static final Settings settings = Settings.builder()
+        .put(ResourceTrackerSettings.GLOBAL_CPU_USAGE_AC_WINDOW_DURATION_SETTING.getKey(), TimeValue.timeValueMillis(500))
+        .put(ResourceTrackerSettings.GLOBAL_JVM_USAGE_AC_WINDOW_DURATION_SETTING.getKey(), TimeValue.timeValueMillis(500))
+        .put(ADMISSION_CONTROL_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(), AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED)
+        .put(SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.getKey(), 0)
+        .put(INDEXING_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.getKey(), 0)
+        .build();
+
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger(AdmissionControlMultiNodeIT.class);
+
+    public static final String INDEX_NAME = "test_index";
+
+    @Before
+    public void init() {
+        assertAcked(
+            prepareCreate(
+                INDEX_NAME,
+                Settings.builder().put(IndexMetadata.SETTING_NUMBER_OF_SHARDS, 1).put(IndexMetadata.SETTING_NUMBER_OF_REPLICAS, 1)
+            )
+        );
+        ensureGreen(INDEX_NAME);
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void cleanup() {
+        client().admin().indices().prepareDelete(INDEX_NAME).get();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Settings nodeSettings(int nodeOrdinal) {
+        return Settings.builder().put(super.nodeSettings(nodeOrdinal)).put(settings).build();
+    }
+
+    public void testAdmissionControlRejectionOnEnforced() {
+        Tuple<String, String> primaryReplicaNodeNames = getPrimaryReplicaNodeNames(INDEX_NAME);
+        String primaryName = primaryReplicaNodeNames.v1();
+        String replicaName = primaryReplicaNodeNames.v2();
+        String coordinatingOnlyNode = getCoordinatingOnlyNode();
+        AdmissionControlService admissionControlServicePrimary = internalCluster().getInstance(AdmissionControlService.class, primaryName);
+        AdmissionControlService admissionControlServiceReplica = internalCluster().getInstance(AdmissionControlService.class, replicaName);
+        final BulkRequest bulkRequest = new BulkRequest();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest(INDEX_NAME).id(UUIDs.base64UUID())
+                .source(Collections.singletonMap("key", randomAlphaOfLength(50)));
+            bulkRequest.add(request);
+        }
+        BulkResponse res = client(coordinatingOnlyNode).bulk(bulkRequest).actionGet();
+        assertEquals(429, res.getItems()[0].getFailure().getStatus().getStatus());
+        AdmissionControllerStats admissionControlPrimaryStats = admissionControlServicePrimary.stats()
+            .getAdmissionControllerStatsList()
+            .get(0);
+        assertEquals(admissionControlPrimaryStats.rejectionCount.get(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType()).longValue(), 1);
+        Arrays.stream(res.getItems()).forEach(bulkItemResponse -> {
+            assertTrue(bulkItemResponse.getFailureMessage().contains("OpenSearchRejectedExecutionException"));
+        });
+        SearchResponse searchResponse;
+        try {
+            searchResponse = client(coordinatingOnlyNode).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).get();
+        } catch (Exception exception) {
+            assertTrue(((SearchPhaseExecutionException) exception).getDetailedMessage().contains("OpenSearchRejectedExecutionException"));
+        }
+        AdmissionControllerStats primaryStats = admissionControlServicePrimary.stats().getAdmissionControllerStatsList().get(0);
+        assertEquals(primaryStats.rejectionCount.get(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType()).longValue(), 1);
+    }
+
+    public void testAdmissionControlEnforcedOnNonACEnabledActions() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        String coordinatingOnlyNode = getCoordinatingOnlyNode();
+        ClusterUpdateSettingsRequest updateSettingsRequest = new ClusterUpdateSettingsRequest();
+
+        updateSettingsRequest.transientSettings(
+            Settings.builder()
+                .put(
+                    CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
+                    AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED.getMode()
+                )
+        );
+        assertAcked(client().admin().cluster().updateSettings(updateSettingsRequest).actionGet());
+        NodesStatsRequest nodesStatsRequest = new NodesStatsRequest();
+        nodesStatsRequest.clear()
+            .indices(true)
+            .addMetrics(
+                NodesStatsRequest.Metric.JVM.metricName(),
+                NodesStatsRequest.Metric.OS.metricName(),
+                NodesStatsRequest.Metric.FS.metricName(),
+                NodesStatsRequest.Metric.PROCESS.metricName(),
+                NodesStatsRequest.Metric.ADMISSION_CONTROL.metricName()
+            );
+        NodesStatsResponse nodesStatsResponse = client(coordinatingOnlyNode).admin().cluster().nodesStats(nodesStatsRequest).actionGet();
+        ClusterHealthResponse clusterHealthResponse = client().admin().cluster().health(new ClusterHealthRequest()).actionGet();
+        assertEquals(200, clusterHealthResponse.status().getStatus());
+        assertFalse(nodesStatsResponse.hasFailures());
+    }
+
+    public void testAdmissionControlRejectionOnMonitor() {
+        Tuple<String, String> primaryReplicaNodeNames = getPrimaryReplicaNodeNames(INDEX_NAME);
+        String primaryName = primaryReplicaNodeNames.v1();
+        String replicaName = primaryReplicaNodeNames.v2();
+        String coordinatingOnlyNode = getCoordinatingOnlyNode();
+
+        AdmissionControlService admissionControlServicePrimary = internalCluster().getInstance(AdmissionControlService.class, primaryName);
+        AdmissionControlService admissionControlServiceReplica = internalCluster().getInstance(AdmissionControlService.class, replicaName);
+
+        ClusterUpdateSettingsRequest updateSettingsRequest = new ClusterUpdateSettingsRequest();
+
+        updateSettingsRequest.transientSettings(
+            Settings.builder()
+                .put(
+                    CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
+                    AdmissionControlMode.MONITOR.getMode()
+                )
+        );
+        assertAcked(client().admin().cluster().updateSettings(updateSettingsRequest).actionGet());
+
+        final BulkRequest bulkRequest = new BulkRequest();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest(INDEX_NAME).id(UUIDs.base64UUID())
+                .source(Collections.singletonMap("key", randomAlphaOfLength(50)));
+            bulkRequest.add(request);
+        }
+        BulkResponse res = client(coordinatingOnlyNode).bulk(bulkRequest).actionGet();
+        assertFalse(res.hasFailures());
+        AdmissionControllerStats admissionControlPrimaryStats = admissionControlServicePrimary.stats()
+            .getAdmissionControllerStatsList()
+            .get(0);
+        AdmissionControllerStats admissionControlReplicaStats = admissionControlServiceReplica.stats()
+            .getAdmissionControllerStatsList()
+            .get(0);
+        long primaryRejectionCount = admissionControlPrimaryStats.rejectionCount.getOrDefault(
+            AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType(),
+            new AtomicLong(0).longValue()
+        );
+        long replicaRejectionCount = admissionControlReplicaStats.rejectionCount.getOrDefault(
+            AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType(),
+            new AtomicLong(0).longValue()
+        );
+        assertEquals(primaryRejectionCount, 1);
+        assertEquals(replicaRejectionCount, 0);
+        SearchResponse searchResponse;
+        searchResponse = client(coordinatingOnlyNode).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).get();
+        admissionControlPrimaryStats = admissionControlServicePrimary.stats().getAdmissionControllerStatsList().get(0);
+        admissionControlReplicaStats = admissionControlServiceReplica.stats().getAdmissionControllerStatsList().get(0);
+        primaryRejectionCount = admissionControlPrimaryStats.getRejectionCount()
+            .getOrDefault(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType(), new AtomicLong(0).longValue());
+        replicaRejectionCount = admissionControlReplicaStats.getRejectionCount()
+            .getOrDefault(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType(), new AtomicLong(0).longValue());
+        assertTrue(primaryRejectionCount == 1 || replicaRejectionCount == 1);
+        assertFalse(primaryRejectionCount == 1 && replicaRejectionCount == 1);
+    }
+
+    public void testAdmissionControlRejectionOnDisabled() {
+        Tuple<String, String> primaryReplicaNodeNames = getPrimaryReplicaNodeNames(INDEX_NAME);
+        String primaryName = primaryReplicaNodeNames.v1();
+        String replicaName = primaryReplicaNodeNames.v2();
+        String coordinatingOnlyNode = getCoordinatingOnlyNode();
+
+        AdmissionControlService admissionControlServicePrimary = internalCluster().getInstance(AdmissionControlService.class, primaryName);
+        AdmissionControlService admissionControlServiceReplica = internalCluster().getInstance(AdmissionControlService.class, replicaName);
+
+        ClusterUpdateSettingsRequest updateSettingsRequest = new ClusterUpdateSettingsRequest();
+
+        updateSettingsRequest.transientSettings(
+            Settings.builder()
+                .put(
+                    CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
+                    AdmissionControlMode.DISABLED.getMode()
+                )
+        );
+        assertAcked(client().admin().cluster().updateSettings(updateSettingsRequest).actionGet());
+
+        final BulkRequest bulkRequest = new BulkRequest();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+            IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest(INDEX_NAME).id(UUIDs.base64UUID())
+                .source(Collections.singletonMap("key", randomAlphaOfLength(50)));
+            bulkRequest.add(request);
+        }
+        BulkResponse res = client(coordinatingOnlyNode).bulk(bulkRequest).actionGet();
+        assertFalse(res.hasFailures());
+        AdmissionControllerStats admissionControlPrimaryStats = admissionControlServicePrimary.stats()
+            .getAdmissionControllerStatsList()
+            .get(0);
+        AdmissionControllerStats admissionControlReplicaStats = admissionControlServiceReplica.stats()
+            .getAdmissionControllerStatsList()
+            .get(0);
+        long primaryRejectionCount = admissionControlPrimaryStats.rejectionCount.getOrDefault(
+            AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType(),
+            new AtomicLong(0).longValue()
+        );
+        long replicaRejectionCount = admissionControlReplicaStats.rejectionCount.getOrDefault(
+            AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType(),
+            new AtomicLong(0).longValue()
+        );
+        assertEquals(primaryRejectionCount, 0);
+        assertEquals(replicaRejectionCount, 0);
+        SearchResponse searchResponse;
+        searchResponse = client(coordinatingOnlyNode).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).get();
+        admissionControlPrimaryStats = admissionControlServicePrimary.stats().getAdmissionControllerStatsList().get(0);
+        admissionControlReplicaStats = admissionControlServiceReplica.stats().getAdmissionControllerStatsList().get(0);
+        primaryRejectionCount = admissionControlPrimaryStats.getRejectionCount()
+            .getOrDefault(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType(), new AtomicLong(0).longValue());
+        replicaRejectionCount = admissionControlReplicaStats.getRejectionCount()
+            .getOrDefault(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType(), new AtomicLong(0).longValue());
+        assertTrue(primaryRejectionCount == 0 && replicaRejectionCount == 0);
+    }
+
+    private Tuple<String, String> getPrimaryReplicaNodeNames(String indexName) {
+        IndicesStatsResponse response = client().admin().indices().prepareStats(indexName).get();
+        String primaryId = Stream.of(response.getShards())
+            .map(ShardStats::getShardRouting)
+            .filter(ShardRouting::primary)
+            .findAny()
+            .get()
+            .currentNodeId();
+        String replicaId = Stream.of(response.getShards())
+            .map(ShardStats::getShardRouting)
+            .filter(sr -> sr.primary() == false)
+            .findAny()
+            .get()
+            .currentNodeId();
+        DiscoveryNodes nodes = client().admin().cluster().prepareState().get().getState().nodes();
+        String primaryName = nodes.get(primaryId).getName();
+        String replicaName = nodes.get(replicaId).getName();
+        return new Tuple<>(primaryName, replicaName);
+    }
+
+    private String getCoordinatingOnlyNode() {
+        return client().admin()
+            .cluster()
+            .prepareState()
+            .get()
+            .getState()
+            .nodes()
+            .getCoordinatingOnlyNodes()
+            .values()
+            .iterator()
+            .next()
+            .getName();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/remotestore/BaseRemoteStoreRestoreIT.java b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/remotestore/BaseRemoteStoreRestoreIT.java
index 99c5d7fb2bae7..d29dacb001434 100644
--- a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/remotestore/BaseRemoteStoreRestoreIT.java
+++ b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/remotestore/BaseRemoteStoreRestoreIT.java
@@ -8,9 +8,7 @@
 
 package org.opensearch.remotestore;
 
-import org.opensearch.action.admin.cluster.remotestore.restore.RestoreRemoteStoreRequest;
 import org.opensearch.action.index.IndexResponse;
-import org.opensearch.action.support.PlainActionFuture;
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.opensearch.plugins.Plugin;
 import org.opensearch.test.transport.MockTransportService;
@@ -20,7 +18,6 @@
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
-import static org.opensearch.test.hamcrest.OpenSearchAssertions.assertAcked;
 import static org.opensearch.test.hamcrest.OpenSearchAssertions.assertHitCount;
 
 public class BaseRemoteStoreRestoreIT extends RemoteStoreBaseIntegTestCase {
@@ -49,18 +46,6 @@ protected void restore(String... indices) {
         restore(randomBoolean(), indices);
     }
 
-    protected void restore(boolean restoreAllShards, String... indices) {
-        if (restoreAllShards) {
-            assertAcked(client().admin().indices().prepareClose(indices));
-        }
-        client().admin()
-            .cluster()
-            .restoreRemoteStore(
-                new RestoreRemoteStoreRequest().indices(indices).restoreAllShards(restoreAllShards),
-                PlainActionFuture.newFuture()
-            );
-    }
-
     protected void verifyRestoredData(Map<String, Long> indexStats, String indexName, boolean indexMoreData) throws Exception {
         ensureYellowAndNoInitializingShards(indexName);
         ensureGreen(indexName);
diff --git a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/remotestore/RemoteStoreBaseIntegTestCase.java b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/remotestore/RemoteStoreBaseIntegTestCase.java
index 8b4981a15433a..8c15ebd0505d9 100644
--- a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/remotestore/RemoteStoreBaseIntegTestCase.java
+++ b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/remotestore/RemoteStoreBaseIntegTestCase.java
@@ -8,12 +8,16 @@
 
 package org.opensearch.remotestore;
 
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.cluster.remotestore.restore.RestoreRemoteStoreRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.get.GetIndexRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.get.GetIndexResponse;
 import org.opensearch.action.bulk.BulkItemResponse;
 import org.opensearch.action.bulk.BulkRequest;
 import org.opensearch.action.bulk.BulkResponse;
 import org.opensearch.action.index.IndexRequest;
 import org.opensearch.action.index.IndexRequestBuilder;
 import org.opensearch.action.index.IndexResponse;
+import org.opensearch.action.support.PlainActionFuture;
 import org.opensearch.action.support.WriteRequest;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.metadata.RepositoriesMetadata;
@@ -23,9 +27,13 @@
 import org.opensearch.common.UUIDs;
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.opensearch.core.common.unit.ByteSizeUnit;
+import org.opensearch.core.index.Index;
 import org.opensearch.index.IndexModule;
+import org.opensearch.index.IndexService;
 import org.opensearch.index.IndexSettings;
 import org.opensearch.index.mapper.MapperService;
+import org.opensearch.index.shard.IndexShard;
+import org.opensearch.indices.IndicesService;
 import org.opensearch.indices.replication.common.ReplicationType;
 import org.opensearch.repositories.RepositoriesService;
 import org.opensearch.repositories.blobstore.BlobStoreRepository;
@@ -43,6 +51,7 @@
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
@@ -51,6 +60,7 @@
 import static org.opensearch.node.remotestore.RemoteStoreNodeAttribute.REMOTE_STORE_REPOSITORY_TYPE_ATTRIBUTE_KEY_FORMAT;
 import static org.opensearch.node.remotestore.RemoteStoreNodeAttribute.REMOTE_STORE_SEGMENT_REPOSITORY_NAME_ATTRIBUTE_KEY;
 import static org.opensearch.node.remotestore.RemoteStoreNodeAttribute.REMOTE_STORE_TRANSLOG_REPOSITORY_NAME_ATTRIBUTE_KEY;
+import static org.opensearch.test.hamcrest.OpenSearchAssertions.assertAcked;
 
 public class RemoteStoreBaseIntegTestCase extends OpenSearchIntegTestCase {
     protected static final String REPOSITORY_NAME = "test-remote-store-repo";
@@ -380,4 +390,25 @@ public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs) {
 
         return filesExisting.get();
     }
+
+    protected IndexShard getIndexShard(String dataNode, String indexName) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        String clusterManagerName = internalCluster().getClusterManagerName();
+        IndicesService indicesService = internalCluster().getInstance(IndicesService.class, dataNode);
+        GetIndexResponse getIndexResponse = client(clusterManagerName).admin().indices().getIndex(new GetIndexRequest()).get();
+        String uuid = getIndexResponse.getSettings().get(indexName).get(IndexMetadata.SETTING_INDEX_UUID);
+        IndexService indexService = indicesService.indexService(new Index(indexName, uuid));
+        return indexService.getShard(0);
+    }
+
+    protected void restore(boolean restoreAllShards, String... indices) {
+        if (restoreAllShards) {
+            assertAcked(client().admin().indices().prepareClose(indices));
+        }
+        client().admin()
+            .cluster()
+            .restoreRemoteStore(
+                new RestoreRemoteStoreRequest().indices(indices).restoreAllShards(restoreAllShards),
+                PlainActionFuture.newFuture()
+            );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/remotestore/RemoteStoreIT.java b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/remotestore/RemoteStoreIT.java
index b3b4f8e10fd31..e1997fea3433a 100644
--- a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/remotestore/RemoteStoreIT.java
+++ b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/remotestore/RemoteStoreIT.java
@@ -8,44 +8,54 @@
 
 package org.opensearch.remotestore;
 
+import org.opensearch.OpenSearchException;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.cluster.health.ClusterHealthResponse;
 import org.opensearch.action.admin.cluster.settings.ClusterUpdateSettingsRequest;
 import org.opensearch.action.admin.cluster.snapshots.restore.RestoreSnapshotResponse;
 import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.delete.DeleteIndexRequest;
-import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.get.GetIndexRequest;
-import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.get.GetIndexResponse;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.flush.FlushRequest;
 import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.recovery.RecoveryResponse;
 import org.opensearch.action.admin.indices.settings.put.UpdateSettingsRequest;
 import org.opensearch.action.index.IndexResponse;
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchPhaseExecutionException;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.health.ClusterHealthStatus;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.RecoverySource;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.allocation.command.MoveAllocationCommand;
+import org.opensearch.common.Priority;
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.opensearch.common.unit.TimeValue;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.concurrent.BufferedAsyncIOProcessor;
-import org.opensearch.core.index.Index;
-import org.opensearch.index.IndexService;
 import org.opensearch.index.IndexSettings;
 import org.opensearch.index.shard.IndexShard;
+import org.opensearch.index.shard.IndexShardClosedException;
 import org.opensearch.index.translog.Translog.Durability;
 import org.opensearch.indices.IndicesService;
+import org.opensearch.indices.recovery.PeerRecoveryTargetService;
 import org.opensearch.indices.recovery.RecoverySettings;
 import org.opensearch.indices.recovery.RecoveryState;
 import org.opensearch.plugins.Plugin;
+import org.opensearch.test.InternalTestCluster;
 import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchIntegTestCase;
 import org.opensearch.test.transport.MockTransportService;
+import org.opensearch.transport.TransportService;
 import org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collection;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
 import static org.opensearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata.SETTING_NUMBER_OF_REPLICAS;
 import static org.opensearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata.SETTING_NUMBER_OF_SHARDS;
-import static org.opensearch.index.shard.RemoteStoreRefreshListener.LAST_N_METADATA_FILES_TO_KEEP;
 import static org.opensearch.indices.IndicesService.CLUSTER_REMOTE_TRANSLOG_BUFFER_INTERVAL_SETTING;
 import static org.opensearch.test.hamcrest.OpenSearchAssertions.assertAcked;
 import static org.opensearch.test.hamcrest.OpenSearchAssertions.assertHitCount;
@@ -167,7 +177,7 @@ public void testRemoteTranslogCleanup() throws Exception {
     }
 
     public void testStaleCommitDeletionWithInvokeFlush() throws Exception {
-        internalCluster().startNode();
+        String dataNode = internalCluster().startNode();
         createIndex(INDEX_NAME, remoteStoreIndexSettings(1, 10000l, -1));
         int numberOfIterations = randomIntBetween(5, 15);
         indexData(numberOfIterations, true, INDEX_NAME);
@@ -177,17 +187,20 @@ public void testStaleCommitDeletionWithInvokeFlush() throws Exception {
             .get()
             .getSetting(INDEX_NAME, IndexMetadata.SETTING_INDEX_UUID);
         Path indexPath = Path.of(String.valueOf(segmentRepoPath), indexUUID, "/0/segments/metadata");
+
+        IndexShard indexShard = getIndexShard(dataNode, INDEX_NAME);
+        int lastNMetadataFilesToKeep = indexShard.getRecoverySettings().getMinRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles();
         // Delete is async.
         assertBusy(() -> {
             int actualFileCount = getFileCount(indexPath);
-            if (numberOfIterations <= LAST_N_METADATA_FILES_TO_KEEP) {
+            if (numberOfIterations <= lastNMetadataFilesToKeep) {
                 MatcherAssert.assertThat(actualFileCount, is(oneOf(numberOfIterations - 1, numberOfIterations, numberOfIterations + 1)));
             } else {
                 // As delete is async its possible that the file gets created before the deletion or after
                 // deletion.
                 MatcherAssert.assertThat(
                     actualFileCount,
-                    is(oneOf(LAST_N_METADATA_FILES_TO_KEEP - 1, LAST_N_METADATA_FILES_TO_KEEP, LAST_N_METADATA_FILES_TO_KEEP + 1))
+                    is(oneOf(lastNMetadataFilesToKeep - 1, lastNMetadataFilesToKeep, lastNMetadataFilesToKeep + 1))
                 );
             }
         }, 30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
@@ -209,6 +222,44 @@ public void testStaleCommitDeletionWithoutInvokeFlush() throws Exception {
         MatcherAssert.assertThat(actualFileCount, is(oneOf(numberOfIterations - 1, numberOfIterations, numberOfIterations + 1)));
     }
 
+    public void testStaleCommitDeletionWithMinSegmentFiles_3() throws Exception {
+        Settings.Builder settings = Settings.builder()
+            .put(RecoverySettings.CLUSTER_REMOTE_INDEX_SEGMENT_METADATA_RETENTION_MAX_COUNT_SETTING.getKey(), "3");
+        internalCluster().startNode(settings);
+
+        createIndex(INDEX_NAME, remoteStoreIndexSettings(1, 10000l, -1));
+        int numberOfIterations = randomIntBetween(5, 15);
+        indexData(numberOfIterations, true, INDEX_NAME);
+        String indexUUID = client().admin()
+            .indices()
+            .prepareGetSettings(INDEX_NAME)
+            .get()
+            .getSetting(INDEX_NAME, IndexMetadata.SETTING_INDEX_UUID);
+        Path indexPath = Path.of(String.valueOf(segmentRepoPath), indexUUID, "/0/segments/metadata");
+        int actualFileCount = getFileCount(indexPath);
+        // We also allow (numberOfIterations + 1) as index creation also triggers refresh.
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(actualFileCount, is(oneOf(4)));
+    }
+
+    public void testStaleCommitDeletionWithMinSegmentFiles_Disabled() throws Exception {
+        Settings.Builder settings = Settings.builder()
+            .put(RecoverySettings.CLUSTER_REMOTE_INDEX_SEGMENT_METADATA_RETENTION_MAX_COUNT_SETTING.getKey(), "-1");
+        internalCluster().startNode(settings);
+
+        createIndex(INDEX_NAME, remoteStoreIndexSettings(1, 10000l, -1));
+        int numberOfIterations = randomIntBetween(12, 18);
+        indexData(numberOfIterations, true, INDEX_NAME);
+        String indexUUID = client().admin()
+            .indices()
+            .prepareGetSettings(INDEX_NAME)
+            .get()
+            .getSetting(INDEX_NAME, IndexMetadata.SETTING_INDEX_UUID);
+        Path indexPath = Path.of(String.valueOf(segmentRepoPath), indexUUID, "/0/segments/metadata");
+        int actualFileCount = getFileCount(indexPath);
+        // We also allow (numberOfIterations + 1) as index creation also triggers refresh.
+        MatcherAssert.assertThat(actualFileCount, is(oneOf(numberOfIterations + 1)));
+    }
+
     /**
      * Tests that when the index setting is not passed during index creation, the buffer interval picked up is the cluster
      * default.
@@ -222,7 +273,7 @@ public void testDefaultBufferInterval() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedEx
         ensureGreen(INDEX_NAME);
         assertClusterRemoteBufferInterval(IndexSettings.DEFAULT_REMOTE_TRANSLOG_BUFFER_INTERVAL, dataNode);
 
-        IndexShard indexShard = getIndexShard(dataNode);
+        IndexShard indexShard = getIndexShard(dataNode, INDEX_NAME);
         assertTrue(indexShard.getTranslogSyncProcessor() instanceof BufferedAsyncIOProcessor);
         assertBufferInterval(IndexSettings.DEFAULT_REMOTE_TRANSLOG_BUFFER_INTERVAL, indexShard);
 
@@ -255,7 +306,7 @@ public void testOverriddenBufferInterval() throws ExecutionException, Interrupte
         ensureYellowAndNoInitializingShards(INDEX_NAME);
         ensureGreen(INDEX_NAME);
 
-        IndexShard indexShard = getIndexShard(dataNode);
+        IndexShard indexShard = getIndexShard(dataNode, INDEX_NAME);
         assertTrue(indexShard.getTranslogSyncProcessor() instanceof BufferedAsyncIOProcessor);
         assertBufferInterval(bufferInterval, indexShard);
 
@@ -371,7 +422,7 @@ private void testRestrictSettingFalse(boolean setRestrictFalse, Durability durab
             .put(IndexSettings.INDEX_TRANSLOG_DURABILITY_SETTING.getKey(), durability)
             .build();
         createIndex(INDEX_NAME, indexSettings);
-        IndexShard indexShard = getIndexShard(dataNode);
+        IndexShard indexShard = getIndexShard(dataNode, INDEX_NAME);
         assertEquals(durability, indexShard.indexSettings().getTranslogDurability());
 
         durability = randomFrom(Durability.values());
@@ -404,7 +455,7 @@ public void testAsyncDurabilityThrowsExceptionWhenRestrictSettingTrue() throws E
 
         // Case 2 - Test update index fails
         createIndex(INDEX_NAME);
-        IndexShard indexShard = getIndexShard(dataNode);
+        IndexShard indexShard = getIndexShard(dataNode, INDEX_NAME);
         assertEquals(Durability.REQUEST, indexShard.indexSettings().getTranslogDurability());
         exception = assertThrows(
             IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -416,15 +467,6 @@ public void testAsyncDurabilityThrowsExceptionWhenRestrictSettingTrue() throws E
         assertEquals(expectedExceptionMsg, exception.getMessage());
     }
 
-    private IndexShard getIndexShard(String dataNode) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
-        String clusterManagerName = internalCluster().getClusterManagerName();
-        IndicesService indicesService = internalCluster().getInstance(IndicesService.class, dataNode);
-        GetIndexResponse getIndexResponse = client(clusterManagerName).admin().indices().getIndex(new GetIndexRequest()).get();
-        String uuid = getIndexResponse.getSettings().get(INDEX_NAME).get(IndexMetadata.SETTING_INDEX_UUID);
-        IndexService indexService = indicesService.indexService(new Index(INDEX_NAME, uuid));
-        return indexService.getShard(0);
-    }
-
     private void assertClusterRemoteBufferInterval(TimeValue expectedBufferInterval, String dataNode) {
         IndicesService indicesService = internalCluster().getInstance(IndicesService.class, dataNode);
         assertEquals(expectedBufferInterval, indicesService.getClusterRemoteTranslogBufferInterval());
@@ -516,7 +558,7 @@ public void testNoSearchIdleForAnyReplicaCount() throws ExecutionException, Inte
 
         createIndex(INDEX_NAME, remoteStoreIndexSettings(0));
         ensureGreen(INDEX_NAME);
-        IndexShard indexShard = getIndexShard(primaryShardNode);
+        IndexShard indexShard = getIndexShard(primaryShardNode, INDEX_NAME);
         assertFalse(indexShard.isSearchIdleSupported());
 
         String replicaShardNode = internalCluster().startDataOnlyNodes(1).get(0);
@@ -529,7 +571,235 @@ public void testNoSearchIdleForAnyReplicaCount() throws ExecutionException, Inte
         ensureGreen(INDEX_NAME);
         assertFalse(indexShard.isSearchIdleSupported());
 
-        indexShard = getIndexShard(replicaShardNode);
+        indexShard = getIndexShard(replicaShardNode, INDEX_NAME);
         assertFalse(indexShard.isSearchIdleSupported());
     }
+
+    public void testFallbackToNodeToNodeSegmentCopy() throws Exception {
+        internalCluster().startClusterManagerOnlyNode();
+        List<String> dataNodes = internalCluster().startDataOnlyNodes(2);
+
+        // 1. Create index with 0 replica
+        createIndex(INDEX_NAME, remoteStoreIndexSettings(0, 10000L, -1));
+        ensureGreen(INDEX_NAME);
+
+        // 2. Index docs
+        indexBulk(INDEX_NAME, 50);
+        flushAndRefresh(INDEX_NAME);
+
+        // 3. Delete data from remote segment store
+        String indexUUID = client().admin()
+            .indices()
+            .prepareGetSettings(INDEX_NAME)
+            .get()
+            .getSetting(INDEX_NAME, IndexMetadata.SETTING_INDEX_UUID);
+        Path segmentDataPath = Path.of(String.valueOf(segmentRepoPath), indexUUID, "/0/segments/data");
+
+        try (Stream<Path> files = Files.list(segmentDataPath)) {
+            files.forEach(p -> {
+                try {
+                    Files.delete(p);
+                } catch (IOException e) {
+                    // Ignore
+                }
+            });
+        }
+
+        // 4. Start recovery by changing number of replicas to 1
+        assertAcked(
+            client().admin()
+                .indices()
+                .prepareUpdateSettings(INDEX_NAME)
+                .setSettings(Settings.builder().put(IndexMetadata.SETTING_NUMBER_OF_REPLICAS, 1))
+        );
+
+        // 5. Ensure green and verify number of docs
+        ensureGreen(INDEX_NAME);
+        assertBusy(() -> {
+            assertHitCount(client(dataNodes.get(0)).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).setSize(0).get(), 50);
+            assertHitCount(client(dataNodes.get(1)).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).setSize(0).get(), 50);
+        });
+    }
+
+    public void testNoMultipleWriterDuringPrimaryRelocation() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
+        // In this test, we trigger a force flush on existing primary while the primary mode on new primary has been
+        // activated. There was a bug in primary relocation of remote store enabled indexes where the new primary
+        // starts uploading translog and segments even before the cluster manager has started this shard. With this test,
+        // we check that we do not overwrite any file on remote store. Here we will also increase the replica count to
+        // check that there are no duplicate metadata files for translog or upload.
+
+        internalCluster().startClusterManagerOnlyNode();
+        String oldPrimary = internalCluster().startDataOnlyNodes(1).get(0);
+        createIndex(INDEX_NAME, remoteStoreIndexSettings(0));
+        ensureGreen(INDEX_NAME);
+        indexBulk(INDEX_NAME, randomIntBetween(5, 10));
+        String newPrimary = internalCluster().startDataOnlyNodes(1).get(0);
+        ensureStableCluster(3);
+
+        IndexShard oldPrimaryIndexShard = getIndexShard(oldPrimary, INDEX_NAME);
+        CountDownLatch flushLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+        MockTransportService mockTargetTransportService = ((MockTransportService) internalCluster().getInstance(
+            TransportService.class,
+            oldPrimary
+        ));
+        mockTargetTransportService.addSendBehavior((connection, requestId, action, request, options) -> {
+            if (PeerRecoveryTargetService.Actions.HANDOFF_PRIMARY_CONTEXT.equals(action)) {
+                flushLatch.countDown();
+            }
+            connection.sendRequest(requestId, action, request, options);
+        });
+
+        logger.info("--> relocate the shard");
+        client().admin()
+            .cluster()
+            .prepareReroute()
+            .add(new MoveAllocationCommand(INDEX_NAME, 0, oldPrimary, newPrimary))
+            .execute()
+            .actionGet();
+
+        CountDownLatch flushDone = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        Thread flushThread = new Thread(() -> {
+            try {
+                flushLatch.await(2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+                oldPrimaryIndexShard.flush(new FlushRequest().waitIfOngoing(true).force(true));
+                // newPrimaryTranslogRepo.setSleepSeconds(0);
+            } catch (IndexShardClosedException e) {
+                // this is fine
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                throw new AssertionError(e);
+            } finally {
+                flushDone.countDown();
+            }
+        });
+        flushThread.start();
+        flushDone.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+        flushThread.join();
+
+        ClusterHealthResponse clusterHealthResponse = client().admin()
+            .cluster()
+            .prepareHealth()
+            .setWaitForStatus(ClusterHealthStatus.GREEN)
+            .setWaitForEvents(Priority.LANGUID)
+            .setWaitForNoRelocatingShards(true)
+            .setTimeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(5))
+            .execute()
+            .actionGet();
+        assertFalse(clusterHealthResponse.isTimedOut());
+
+        client().admin()
+            .indices()
+            .updateSettings(
+                new UpdateSettingsRequest(INDEX_NAME).settings(Settings.builder().put(IndexMetadata.SETTING_NUMBER_OF_REPLICAS, 1))
+            )
+            .get();
+
+        clusterHealthResponse = client().admin()
+            .cluster()
+            .prepareHealth()
+            .setWaitForStatus(ClusterHealthStatus.GREEN)
+            .setWaitForEvents(Priority.LANGUID)
+            .setWaitForNoRelocatingShards(true)
+            .setTimeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(5))
+            .execute()
+            .actionGet();
+        assertFalse(clusterHealthResponse.isTimedOut());
+    }
+
+    public void testResumeUploadAfterFailedPrimaryRelocation() throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException, IOException {
+        // In this test, we fail the hand off during the primary relocation. This will undo the drainRefreshes and
+        // drainSync performed as part of relocation handoff (before performing the handoff transport action).
+        // We validate the same here by failing the peer recovery and ensuring we can index afterward as well.
+
+        internalCluster().startClusterManagerOnlyNode();
+        String oldPrimary = internalCluster().startDataOnlyNodes(1).get(0);
+        createIndex(INDEX_NAME, remoteStoreIndexSettings(0));
+        ensureGreen(INDEX_NAME);
+        int docs = randomIntBetween(5, 10);
+        indexBulk(INDEX_NAME, docs);
+        flushAndRefresh(INDEX_NAME);
+        assertHitCount(client(oldPrimary).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).setSize(0).setPreference("_only_local").get(), docs);
+        String newPrimary = internalCluster().startDataOnlyNodes(1).get(0);
+        ensureStableCluster(3);
+
+        IndexShard oldPrimaryIndexShard = getIndexShard(oldPrimary, INDEX_NAME);
+        CountDownLatch handOffLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+
+        MockTransportService mockTargetTransportService = ((MockTransportService) internalCluster().getInstance(
+            TransportService.class,
+            oldPrimary
+        ));
+        mockTargetTransportService.addSendBehavior((connection, requestId, action, request, options) -> {
+            if (PeerRecoveryTargetService.Actions.HANDOFF_PRIMARY_CONTEXT.equals(action)) {
+                handOffLatch.countDown();
+                throw new OpenSearchException("failing recovery for test purposes");
+            }
+            connection.sendRequest(requestId, action, request, options);
+        });
+
+        logger.info("--> relocate the shard");
+        client().admin()
+            .cluster()
+            .prepareReroute()
+            .add(new MoveAllocationCommand(INDEX_NAME, 0, oldPrimary, newPrimary))
+            .execute()
+            .actionGet();
+
+        handOffLatch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
+
+        assertTrue(oldPrimaryIndexShard.isStartedPrimary());
+        assertEquals(oldPrimary, primaryNodeName(INDEX_NAME));
+        assertHitCount(client(oldPrimary).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).setSize(0).setPreference("_only_local").get(), docs);
+
+        SearchPhaseExecutionException ex = assertThrows(
+            SearchPhaseExecutionException.class,
+            () -> client(newPrimary).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).setSize(0).setPreference("_only_local").get()
+        );
+        assertEquals("all shards failed", ex.getMessage());
+
+        int moreDocs = randomIntBetween(5, 10);
+        indexBulk(INDEX_NAME, moreDocs);
+        flushAndRefresh(INDEX_NAME);
+        int uncommittedOps = randomIntBetween(5, 10);
+        indexBulk(INDEX_NAME, uncommittedOps);
+        assertHitCount(client(oldPrimary).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).setSize(0).setPreference("_only_local").get(), docs + moreDocs);
+        internalCluster().stopRandomNode(InternalTestCluster.nameFilter(primaryNodeName(INDEX_NAME)));
+
+        restore(true, INDEX_NAME);
+        ensureGreen(INDEX_NAME);
+        assertHitCount(
+            client(newPrimary).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).setSize(0).setPreference("_only_local").get(),
+            docs + moreDocs + uncommittedOps
+        );
+
+        String newNode = internalCluster().startDataOnlyNodes(1).get(0);
+        ensureStableCluster(3);
+        client().admin()
+            .cluster()
+            .prepareReroute()
+            .add(new MoveAllocationCommand(INDEX_NAME, 0, newPrimary, newNode))
+            .execute()
+            .actionGet();
+
+        ClusterHealthResponse clusterHealthResponse = client().admin()
+            .cluster()
+            .prepareHealth()
+            .setWaitForStatus(ClusterHealthStatus.GREEN)
+            .setWaitForEvents(Priority.LANGUID)
+            .setWaitForNoRelocatingShards(true)
+            .setTimeout(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(10))
+            .execute()
+            .actionGet();
+        assertFalse(clusterHealthResponse.isTimedOut());
+
+        ex = assertThrows(
+            SearchPhaseExecutionException.class,
+            () -> client(newPrimary).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).setSize(0).setPreference("_only_local").get()
+        );
+        assertEquals("all shards failed", ex.getMessage());
+        assertHitCount(
+            client(newNode).prepareSearch(INDEX_NAME).setSize(0).setPreference("_only_local").get(),
+            docs + moreDocs + uncommittedOps
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/remotestore/SegmentReplicationUsingRemoteStoreDisruptionIT.java b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/remotestore/SegmentReplicationUsingRemoteStoreDisruptionIT.java
index b7b3f1d14f422..d5cdc22a15478 100644
--- a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/remotestore/SegmentReplicationUsingRemoteStoreDisruptionIT.java
+++ b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/remotestore/SegmentReplicationUsingRemoteStoreDisruptionIT.java
@@ -8,10 +8,16 @@
 
 package org.opensearch.remotestore;
 
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.cluster.health.ClusterHealthResponse;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.cluster.stats.ClusterStatsResponse;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.allocation.command.MoveAllocationCommand;
+import org.opensearch.common.Priority;
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.opensearch.common.unit.TimeValue;
 import org.opensearch.core.index.Index;
 import org.opensearch.index.IndexService;
+import org.opensearch.index.ReplicationStats;
 import org.opensearch.index.shard.IndexShard;
 import org.opensearch.indices.IndicesService;
 import org.opensearch.indices.replication.SegmentReplicationState;
@@ -20,10 +26,12 @@
 import org.opensearch.indices.replication.common.ReplicationCollection;
 import org.opensearch.test.InternalTestCluster;
 import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchIntegTestCase;
+import org.opensearch.test.disruption.SlowClusterStateProcessing;
 
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.util.Optional;
 import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 /**
  * This class runs tests with remote store + segRep while blocking file downloads
@@ -111,6 +119,75 @@ public void testCancelReplicationWhileFetchingMetadata() throws Exception {
         cleanupRepo();
     }
 
+    public void testUpdateVisibleCheckpointWithLaggingClusterStateUpdates_primaryRelocation() throws Exception {
+        Path location = randomRepoPath().toAbsolutePath();
+        Settings nodeSettings = Settings.builder().put(buildRemoteStoreNodeAttributes(location, 0d, "metadata", Long.MAX_VALUE)).build();
+        internalCluster().startClusterManagerOnlyNode(nodeSettings);
+        internalCluster().startDataOnlyNodes(2, nodeSettings);
+        final Settings indexSettings = Settings.builder().put(indexSettings()).put(IndexMetadata.SETTING_NUMBER_OF_REPLICAS, 1).build();
+        createIndex(INDEX_NAME, indexSettings);
+        ensureGreen(INDEX_NAME);
+        final Set<String> dataNodeNames = internalCluster().getDataNodeNames();
+        final String replicaNode = getNode(dataNodeNames, false);
+        final String oldPrimary = getNode(dataNodeNames, true);
+
+        // index a doc.
+        client().prepareIndex(INDEX_NAME).setId("1").setSource("foo", randomInt()).get();
+        refresh(INDEX_NAME);
+
+        logger.info("--> start another node");
+        final String newPrimary = internalCluster().startDataOnlyNode(nodeSettings);
+        ClusterHealthResponse clusterHealthResponse = client().admin()
+            .cluster()
+            .prepareHealth()
+            .setWaitForEvents(Priority.LANGUID)
+            .setWaitForNodes("4")
+            .get();
+        assertEquals(clusterHealthResponse.isTimedOut(), false);
+
+        SlowClusterStateProcessing disruption = new SlowClusterStateProcessing(replicaNode, random(), 0, 0, 1000, 2000);
+        internalCluster().setDisruptionScheme(disruption);
+        disruption.startDisrupting();
+
+        // relocate the primary
+        logger.info("--> relocate the shard");
+        client().admin()
+            .cluster()
+            .prepareReroute()
+            .add(new MoveAllocationCommand(INDEX_NAME, 0, oldPrimary, newPrimary))
+            .execute()
+            .actionGet();
+        clusterHealthResponse = client().admin()
+            .cluster()
+            .prepareHealth()
+            .setWaitForEvents(Priority.LANGUID)
+            .setWaitForNoRelocatingShards(true)
+            .setTimeout(new TimeValue(5, TimeUnit.MINUTES))
+            .execute()
+            .actionGet();
+        assertEquals(clusterHealthResponse.isTimedOut(), false);
+
+        IndexShard newPrimary_shard = getIndexShard(newPrimary, INDEX_NAME);
+        IndexShard replica = getIndexShard(replicaNode, INDEX_NAME);
+        assertBusy(() -> {
+            assertEquals(
+                newPrimary_shard.getLatestReplicationCheckpoint().getSegmentInfosVersion(),
+                replica.getLatestReplicationCheckpoint().getSegmentInfosVersion()
+            );
+        });
+
+        assertBusy(() -> {
+            ClusterStatsResponse clusterStatsResponse = client().admin().cluster().prepareClusterStats().get();
+            ReplicationStats replicationStats = clusterStatsResponse.getIndicesStats().getSegments().getReplicationStats();
+            assertEquals(0L, replicationStats.maxBytesBehind);
+            assertEquals(0L, replicationStats.maxReplicationLag);
+            assertEquals(0L, replicationStats.totalBytesBehind);
+        });
+        disruption.stopDisrupting();
+        disableRepoConsistencyCheck("Remote Store Creates System Repository");
+        cleanupRepo();
+    }
+
     private String getNode(Set<String> dataNodeNames, boolean primary) {
         assertEquals(2, dataNodeNames.size());
         for (String name : dataNodeNames) {
diff --git a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/search/nested/SimpleNestedIT.java b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/search/nested/SimpleNestedIT.java
index 8b375841c2913..6d0b074c3a660 100644
--- a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/search/nested/SimpleNestedIT.java
+++ b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/search/nested/SimpleNestedIT.java
@@ -501,10 +501,6 @@ public void testExplain() throws Exception {
     }
 
     public void testSimpleNestedSorting() throws Exception {
-        assumeFalse(
-            "Concurrent search case muted pending fix: https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/11187",
-            internalCluster().clusterService().getClusterSettings().get(CLUSTER_CONCURRENT_SEGMENT_SEARCH_SETTING)
-        );
         assertAcked(
             prepareCreate("test").setSettings(Settings.builder().put(indexSettings()).put("index.refresh_interval", -1))
                 .setMapping(
@@ -604,10 +600,6 @@ public void testSimpleNestedSorting() throws Exception {
     }
 
     public void testSimpleNestedSortingWithNestedFilterMissing() throws Exception {
-        assumeFalse(
-            "Concurrent search case muted pending fix: https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/11187",
-            internalCluster().clusterService().getClusterSettings().get(CLUSTER_CONCURRENT_SEGMENT_SEARCH_SETTING)
-        );
         assertAcked(
             prepareCreate("test").setSettings(Settings.builder().put(indexSettings()).put("index.refresh_interval", -1))
                 .setMapping(
@@ -740,10 +732,6 @@ public void testSimpleNestedSortingWithNestedFilterMissing() throws Exception {
     }
 
     public void testNestedSortWithMultiLevelFiltering() throws Exception {
-        assumeFalse(
-            "Concurrent search case muted pending fix: https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/11187",
-            internalCluster().clusterService().getClusterSettings().get(CLUSTER_CONCURRENT_SEGMENT_SEARCH_SETTING)
-        );
         assertAcked(
             prepareCreate("test").setMapping(
                 "{\n"
@@ -986,10 +974,6 @@ public void testNestedSortWithMultiLevelFiltering() throws Exception {
 
     // https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/issues/31554
     public void testLeakingSortValues() throws Exception {
-        assumeFalse(
-            "Concurrent search case muted pending fix: https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/11187",
-            internalCluster().clusterService().getClusterSettings().get(CLUSTER_CONCURRENT_SEGMENT_SEARCH_SETTING)
-        );
         assertAcked(
             prepareCreate("test").setSettings(Settings.builder().put("number_of_shards", 1))
                 .setMapping(
@@ -1079,10 +1063,6 @@ public void testLeakingSortValues() throws Exception {
     }
 
     public void testSortNestedWithNestedFilter() throws Exception {
-        assumeFalse(
-            "Concurrent search case muted pending fix: https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/11187",
-            internalCluster().clusterService().getClusterSettings().get(CLUSTER_CONCURRENT_SEGMENT_SEARCH_SETTING)
-        );
         assertAcked(
             prepareCreate("test").setMapping(
                 XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()
@@ -1481,10 +1461,6 @@ public void testSortNestedWithNestedFilter() throws Exception {
 
     // Issue #9305
     public void testNestedSortingWithNestedFilterAsFilter() throws Exception {
-        assumeFalse(
-            "Concurrent search case muted pending fix: https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/11187",
-            internalCluster().clusterService().getClusterSettings().get(CLUSTER_CONCURRENT_SEGMENT_SEARCH_SETTING)
-        );
         assertAcked(
             prepareCreate("test").setMapping(
                 jsonBuilder().startObject()
diff --git a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/search/sort/FieldSortIT.java b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/search/sort/FieldSortIT.java
index c95b179c917e5..81e948640ee94 100644
--- a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/search/sort/FieldSortIT.java
+++ b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/search/sort/FieldSortIT.java
@@ -1863,10 +1863,6 @@ public void testSortMetaField() throws Exception {
      * Test case for issue 6150: https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/issues/6150
      */
     public void testNestedSort() throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
-        assumeFalse(
-            "Concurrent search case muted pending fix: https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/11258",
-            internalCluster().clusterService().getClusterSettings().get(CLUSTER_CONCURRENT_SEGMENT_SEARCH_SETTING)
-        );
         assertAcked(
             prepareCreate("test").setMapping(
                 XContentFactory.jsonBuilder()
diff --git a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/snapshots/SearchableSnapshotIT.java b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/snapshots/SearchableSnapshotIT.java
index 4478a3432e519..9a92ddc81852a 100644
--- a/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/snapshots/SearchableSnapshotIT.java
+++ b/server/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/opensearch/snapshots/SearchableSnapshotIT.java
@@ -458,7 +458,9 @@ private void testUpdateIndexSettingsOnlyNotAllowedSettings(String index) {
 
     private void testUpdateIndexSettingsOnlyAllowedSettings(String index) {
         final UpdateSettingsRequestBuilder builder = client().admin().indices().prepareUpdateSettings(index);
-        builder.setSettings(Map.of("index.max_result_window", 1000, "index.search.slowlog.threshold.query.warn", "10s"));
+        builder.setSettings(
+            Map.of("index.max_result_window", 1000, "index.search.slowlog.threshold.query.warn", "10s", "index.number_of_replicas", 0)
+        );
         AcknowledgedResponse settingsResponse = builder.execute().actionGet();
         assertThat(settingsResponse, notNullValue());
     }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/node/stats/NodeStats.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/node/stats/NodeStats.java
index 874713b51d627..8293a5bb27612 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/node/stats/NodeStats.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/node/stats/NodeStats.java
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.monitor.process.ProcessStats;
 import org.opensearch.node.AdaptiveSelectionStats;
 import org.opensearch.node.NodesResourceUsageStats;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.stats.AdmissionControlStats;
 import org.opensearch.repositories.RepositoriesStats;
 import org.opensearch.script.ScriptCacheStats;
 import org.opensearch.script.ScriptStats;
@@ -154,6 +155,9 @@ public class NodeStats extends BaseNodeResponse implements ToXContentFragment {
     @Nullable
     private RepositoriesStats repositoriesStats;
 
+    @Nullable
+    private AdmissionControlStats admissionControlStats;
+
     public NodeStats(StreamInput in) throws IOException {
         super(in);
         timestamp = in.readVLong();
@@ -225,6 +229,12 @@ public NodeStats(StreamInput in) throws IOException {
         } else {
             repositoriesStats = null;
         }
+        // TODO: change to V_2_12_0 on main after backport to 2.x
+        if (in.getVersion().onOrAfter(Version.V_3_0_0)) {
+            admissionControlStats = in.readOptionalWriteable(AdmissionControlStats::new);
+        } else {
+            admissionControlStats = null;
+        }
     }
 
     public NodeStats(
@@ -254,7 +264,8 @@ public NodeStats(
         @Nullable TaskCancellationStats taskCancellationStats,
         @Nullable SearchPipelineStats searchPipelineStats,
         @Nullable SegmentReplicationRejectionStats segmentReplicationRejectionStats,
-        @Nullable RepositoriesStats repositoriesStats
+        @Nullable RepositoriesStats repositoriesStats,
+        @Nullable AdmissionControlStats admissionControlStats
     ) {
         super(node);
         this.timestamp = timestamp;
@@ -283,6 +294,7 @@ public NodeStats(
         this.searchPipelineStats = searchPipelineStats;
         this.segmentReplicationRejectionStats = segmentReplicationRejectionStats;
         this.repositoriesStats = repositoriesStats;
+        this.admissionControlStats = admissionControlStats;
     }
 
     public long getTimestamp() {
@@ -435,6 +447,11 @@ public RepositoriesStats getRepositoriesStats() {
         return repositoriesStats;
     }
 
+    @Nullable
+    public AdmissionControlStats getAdmissionControlStats() {
+        return admissionControlStats;
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void writeTo(StreamOutput out) throws IOException {
         super.writeTo(out);
@@ -487,6 +504,10 @@ public void writeTo(StreamOutput out) throws IOException {
         if (out.getVersion().onOrAfter(Version.V_2_12_0)) {
             out.writeOptionalWriteable(repositoriesStats);
         }
+        // TODO: change to V_2_12_0 on main after backport to 2.x
+        if (out.getVersion().onOrAfter(Version.V_3_0_0)) {
+            out.writeOptionalWriteable(admissionControlStats);
+        }
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -587,6 +608,9 @@ public XContentBuilder toXContent(XContentBuilder builder, Params params) throws
         if (getRepositoriesStats() != null) {
             getRepositoriesStats().toXContent(builder, params);
         }
+        if (getAdmissionControlStats() != null) {
+            getAdmissionControlStats().toXContent(builder, params);
+        }
         return builder;
     }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/node/stats/NodesStatsRequest.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/node/stats/NodesStatsRequest.java
index 22a667e7e8f6f..1af56f10b95ee 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/node/stats/NodesStatsRequest.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/node/stats/NodesStatsRequest.java
@@ -218,7 +218,8 @@ public enum Metric {
         SEARCH_PIPELINE("search_pipeline"),
         RESOURCE_USAGE_STATS("resource_usage_stats"),
         SEGMENT_REPLICATION_BACKPRESSURE("segment_replication_backpressure"),
-        REPOSITORIES("repositories");
+        REPOSITORIES("repositories"),
+        ADMISSION_CONTROL("admission_control");
 
         private String metricName;
 
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/node/stats/TransportNodesStatsAction.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/node/stats/TransportNodesStatsAction.java
index 99cf42cfdc4d0..1df73d3b4394d 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/node/stats/TransportNodesStatsAction.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/node/stats/TransportNodesStatsAction.java
@@ -127,7 +127,8 @@ protected NodeStats nodeOperation(NodeStatsRequest nodeStatsRequest) {
             NodesStatsRequest.Metric.SEARCH_PIPELINE.containedIn(metrics),
             NodesStatsRequest.Metric.RESOURCE_USAGE_STATS.containedIn(metrics),
             NodesStatsRequest.Metric.SEGMENT_REPLICATION_BACKPRESSURE.containedIn(metrics),
-            NodesStatsRequest.Metric.REPOSITORIES.containedIn(metrics)
+            NodesStatsRequest.Metric.REPOSITORIES.containedIn(metrics),
+            NodesStatsRequest.Metric.ADMISSION_CONTROL.containedIn(metrics)
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/stats/TransportClusterStatsAction.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/stats/TransportClusterStatsAction.java
index 5efec8b876435..9c5dcc9e9de3f 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/stats/TransportClusterStatsAction.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/stats/TransportClusterStatsAction.java
@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ protected ClusterStatsNodeResponse nodeOperation(ClusterStatsNodeRequest nodeReq
             false,
             false,
             false,
+            false,
             false
         );
         List<ShardStats> shardsStats = new ArrayList<>();
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/indices/settings/put/TransportUpdateSettingsAction.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/indices/settings/put/TransportUpdateSettingsAction.java
index 1c57dc27df8c6..14c985f1d3427 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/indices/settings/put/TransportUpdateSettingsAction.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/indices/settings/put/TransportUpdateSettingsAction.java
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.transport.TransportService;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
 
@@ -77,7 +78,8 @@ public class TransportUpdateSettingsAction extends TransportClusterManagerNodeAc
         "index.max_script_fields",
         "index.max_terms_count",
         "index.max_regex_length",
-        "index.highlight.max_analyzed_offset"
+        "index.highlight.max_analyzed_offset",
+        "index.number_of_replicas"
     );
 
     private final static String[] ALLOWLIST_REMOTE_SNAPSHOT_SETTINGS_PREFIXES = { "index.search.slowlog" };
@@ -145,10 +147,10 @@ protected ClusterBlockException checkBlock(UpdateSettingsRequest request, Cluste
             }
         }
 
+        final String[] requestIndexNames = Arrays.stream(requestIndices).map(Index::getName).toArray(String[]::new);
         return allowSearchableSnapshotSettingsUpdate
             ? null
-            : state.blocks()
-                .indicesBlockedException(ClusterBlockLevel.METADATA_WRITE, indexNameExpressionResolver.concreteIndexNames(state, request));
+            : state.blocks().indicesBlockedException(ClusterBlockLevel.METADATA_WRITE, requestIndexNames);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/bulk/TransportShardBulkAction.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/bulk/TransportShardBulkAction.java
index 268a6ed6f85b8..b8517f53ff294 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/bulk/TransportShardBulkAction.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/bulk/TransportShardBulkAction.java
@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.indices.IndicesService;
 import org.opensearch.indices.SystemIndices;
 import org.opensearch.node.NodeClosedException;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
 import org.opensearch.tasks.Task;
 import org.opensearch.telemetry.tracing.Tracer;
 import org.opensearch.threadpool.ThreadPool;
@@ -180,7 +181,8 @@ public TransportShardBulkAction(
             false,
             indexingPressureService,
             systemIndices,
-            tracer
+            tracer,
+            AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING
         );
         this.updateHelper = updateHelper;
         this.mappingUpdatedAction = mappingUpdatedAction;
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchRequestOperationsListener.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchRequestOperationsListener.java
index 056cb474eaf32..19ce0beb3c493 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchRequestOperationsListener.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchRequestOperationsListener.java
@@ -20,17 +20,17 @@
  * @opensearch.internal
  */
 @InternalApi
-interface SearchRequestOperationsListener {
+abstract class SearchRequestOperationsListener {
 
-    void onPhaseStart(SearchPhaseContext context);
+    abstract void onPhaseStart(SearchPhaseContext context);
 
-    void onPhaseEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext);
+    abstract void onPhaseEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext);
 
-    void onPhaseFailure(SearchPhaseContext context);
+    abstract void onPhaseFailure(SearchPhaseContext context);
 
-    default void onRequestStart(SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {}
+    void onRequestStart(SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {}
 
-    default void onRequestEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {}
+    void onRequestEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {}
 
     /**
      * Holder of Composite Listeners
@@ -38,17 +38,17 @@ default void onRequestEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searc
      * @opensearch.internal
      */
 
-    final class CompositeListener implements SearchRequestOperationsListener {
+    static final class CompositeListener extends SearchRequestOperationsListener {
         private final List<SearchRequestOperationsListener> listeners;
         private final Logger logger;
 
-        public CompositeListener(List<SearchRequestOperationsListener> listeners, Logger logger) {
+        CompositeListener(List<SearchRequestOperationsListener> listeners, Logger logger) {
             this.listeners = listeners;
             this.logger = logger;
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onPhaseStart(SearchPhaseContext context) {
+        void onPhaseStart(SearchPhaseContext context) {
             for (SearchRequestOperationsListener listener : listeners) {
                 try {
                     listener.onPhaseStart(context);
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ public void onPhaseStart(SearchPhaseContext context) {
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onPhaseEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {
+        void onPhaseEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {
             for (SearchRequestOperationsListener listener : listeners) {
                 try {
                     listener.onPhaseEnd(context, searchRequestContext);
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public void onPhaseEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searchRe
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onPhaseFailure(SearchPhaseContext context) {
+        void onPhaseFailure(SearchPhaseContext context) {
             for (SearchRequestOperationsListener listener : listeners) {
                 try {
                     listener.onPhaseFailure(context);
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ public void onPhaseFailure(SearchPhaseContext context) {
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onRequestStart(SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {
+        void onRequestStart(SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {
             for (SearchRequestOperationsListener listener : listeners) {
                 try {
                     listener.onRequestStart(searchRequestContext);
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchRequestSlowLog.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchRequestSlowLog.java
index 6a0d60ffd3984..a55cfd463a78f 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchRequestSlowLog.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchRequestSlowLog.java
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@
  *
  * @opensearch.internal
  */
-public final class SearchRequestSlowLog implements SearchRequestOperationsListener {
+public final class SearchRequestSlowLog extends SearchRequestOperationsListener {
     private static final Charset UTF_8 = StandardCharsets.UTF_8;
 
     private long warnThreshold;
@@ -134,19 +134,19 @@ public SearchRequestSlowLog(ClusterService clusterService) {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void onPhaseStart(SearchPhaseContext context) {}
+    void onPhaseStart(SearchPhaseContext context) {}
 
     @Override
-    public void onPhaseEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {}
+    void onPhaseEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {}
 
     @Override
-    public void onPhaseFailure(SearchPhaseContext context) {}
+    void onPhaseFailure(SearchPhaseContext context) {}
 
     @Override
-    public void onRequestStart(SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {}
+    void onRequestStart(SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {}
 
     @Override
-    public void onRequestEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {
+    void onRequestEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {
         long tookInNanos = System.nanoTime() - searchRequestContext.getAbsoluteStartNanos();
 
         if (warnThreshold >= 0 && tookInNanos > warnThreshold && level.isLevelEnabledFor(SlowLogLevel.WARN)) {
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchRequestStats.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchRequestStats.java
index 2813c41e043ee..262750849eaa9 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchRequestStats.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchRequestStats.java
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
  * @opensearch.api
  */
 @PublicApi(since = "2.11.0")
-public final class SearchRequestStats implements SearchRequestOperationsListener {
+public final class SearchRequestStats extends SearchRequestOperationsListener {
     Map<SearchPhaseName, StatsHolder> phaseStatsMap = new EnumMap<>(SearchPhaseName.class);
 
     @Inject
@@ -46,12 +46,12 @@ public long getPhaseMetric(SearchPhaseName searchPhaseName) {
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void onPhaseStart(SearchPhaseContext context) {
+    void onPhaseStart(SearchPhaseContext context) {
         phaseStatsMap.get(context.getCurrentPhase().getSearchPhaseName()).current.inc();
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void onPhaseEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {
+    void onPhaseEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {
         StatsHolder phaseStats = phaseStatsMap.get(context.getCurrentPhase().getSearchPhaseName());
         phaseStats.current.dec();
         phaseStats.total.inc();
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ public void onPhaseEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searchRe
     }
 
     @Override
-    public void onPhaseFailure(SearchPhaseContext context) {
+    void onPhaseFailure(SearchPhaseContext context) {
         phaseStatsMap.get(context.getCurrentPhase().getSearchPhaseName()).current.dec();
     }
 
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchTransportService.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchTransportService.java
index a723937afd2ed..64c738f633f2e 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchTransportService.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchTransportService.java
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.core.common.io.stream.StreamOutput;
 import org.opensearch.core.common.io.stream.Writeable;
 import org.opensearch.core.transport.TransportResponse;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
 import org.opensearch.search.SearchPhaseResult;
 import org.opensearch.search.SearchService;
 import org.opensearch.search.dfs.DfsSearchResult;
@@ -542,6 +543,9 @@ public static void registerRequestHandler(TransportService transportService, Sea
         transportService.registerRequestHandler(
             DFS_ACTION_NAME,
             ThreadPool.Names.SAME,
+            false,
+            true,
+            AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH,
             ShardSearchRequest::new,
             (request, channel, task) -> searchService.executeDfsPhase(
                 request,
@@ -556,6 +560,9 @@ public static void registerRequestHandler(TransportService transportService, Sea
         transportService.registerRequestHandler(
             QUERY_ACTION_NAME,
             ThreadPool.Names.SAME,
+            false,
+            true,
+            AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH,
             ShardSearchRequest::new,
             (request, channel, task) -> {
                 searchService.executeQueryPhase(
@@ -575,6 +582,9 @@ public static void registerRequestHandler(TransportService transportService, Sea
         transportService.registerRequestHandler(
             QUERY_ID_ACTION_NAME,
             ThreadPool.Names.SAME,
+            false,
+            true,
+            AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH,
             QuerySearchRequest::new,
             (request, channel, task) -> {
                 searchService.executeQueryPhase(
@@ -633,6 +643,7 @@ public static void registerRequestHandler(TransportService transportService, Sea
             ThreadPool.Names.SAME,
             true,
             true,
+            AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH,
             ShardFetchSearchRequest::new,
             (request, channel, task) -> {
                 searchService.executeFetchPhase(
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/TransportSearchAction.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/TransportSearchAction.java
index 62886f7e9d981..05f4308df74fa 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/TransportSearchAction.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/search/TransportSearchAction.java
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ private Map<String, Float> resolveIndexBoosts(SearchRequest searchRequest, Clust
      *
      * @opensearch.internal
      */
-    static final class SearchTimeProvider implements SearchRequestOperationsListener {
+    static final class SearchTimeProvider extends SearchRequestOperationsListener {
 
         private final long absoluteStartMillis;
         private final long relativeStartNanos;
@@ -352,10 +352,10 @@ SearchResponse.PhaseTook getPhaseTook() {
         Map<SearchPhaseName, Long> phaseStatsMap = new EnumMap<>(SearchPhaseName.class);
 
         @Override
-        public void onPhaseStart(SearchPhaseContext context) {}
+        void onPhaseStart(SearchPhaseContext context) {}
 
         @Override
-        public void onPhaseEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {
+        void onPhaseEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searchRequestContext) {
             phaseStatsMap.put(
                 context.getCurrentPhase().getSearchPhaseName(),
                 TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(System.nanoTime() - context.getCurrentPhase().getStartTimeInNanos())
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ public void onPhaseEnd(SearchPhaseContext context, SearchRequestContext searchRe
         }
 
         @Override
-        public void onPhaseFailure(SearchPhaseContext context) {}
+        void onPhaseFailure(SearchPhaseContext context) {}
 
         public Long getPhaseTookTime(SearchPhaseName searchPhaseName) {
             return phaseStatsMap.get(searchPhaseName);
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/support/replication/TransportReplicationAction.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/support/replication/TransportReplicationAction.java
index ddebdc5530e70..95f998e2d89c2 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/support/replication/TransportReplicationAction.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/support/replication/TransportReplicationAction.java
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.indices.IndexClosedException;
 import org.opensearch.indices.IndicesService;
 import org.opensearch.node.NodeClosedException;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
 import org.opensearch.tasks.Task;
 import org.opensearch.threadpool.ThreadPool;
 import org.opensearch.transport.ConnectTransportException;
@@ -201,6 +202,40 @@ protected TransportReplicationAction(
         String executor,
         boolean syncGlobalCheckpointAfterOperation,
         boolean forceExecutionOnPrimary
+    ) {
+        this(
+            settings,
+            actionName,
+            transportService,
+            clusterService,
+            indicesService,
+            threadPool,
+            shardStateAction,
+            actionFilters,
+            requestReader,
+            replicaRequestReader,
+            executor,
+            syncGlobalCheckpointAfterOperation,
+            forceExecutionOnPrimary,
+            null
+        );
+    }
+
+    protected TransportReplicationAction(
+        Settings settings,
+        String actionName,
+        TransportService transportService,
+        ClusterService clusterService,
+        IndicesService indicesService,
+        ThreadPool threadPool,
+        ShardStateAction shardStateAction,
+        ActionFilters actionFilters,
+        Writeable.Reader<Request> requestReader,
+        Writeable.Reader<ReplicaRequest> replicaRequestReader,
+        String executor,
+        boolean syncGlobalCheckpointAfterOperation,
+        boolean forceExecutionOnPrimary,
+        AdmissionControlActionType admissionControlActionType
     ) {
         super(actionName, actionFilters, transportService.getTaskManager());
         this.threadPool = threadPool;
@@ -219,14 +254,8 @@ protected TransportReplicationAction(
 
         transportService.registerRequestHandler(actionName, ThreadPool.Names.SAME, requestReader, this::handleOperationRequest);
 
-        transportService.registerRequestHandler(
-            transportPrimaryAction,
-            executor,
-            forceExecutionOnPrimary,
-            true,
-            in -> new ConcreteShardRequest<>(requestReader, in),
-            this::handlePrimaryRequest
-        );
+        // This method will register Primary Request Handler Based on AdmissionControlActionType
+        registerPrimaryRequestHandler(requestReader, admissionControlActionType);
 
         // we must never reject on because of thread pool capacity on replicas
         transportService.registerRequestHandler(
@@ -247,6 +276,38 @@ protected TransportReplicationAction(
         clusterSettings.addSettingsUpdateConsumer(REPLICATION_RETRY_TIMEOUT, (v) -> retryTimeout = v);
     }
 
+    /**
+     *  This method will register handler as based on admissionControlActionType and AdmissionControlHandler will be
+     *  invoked for registered action
+     * @param requestReader instance of the request reader
+     * @param admissionControlActionType type of AdmissionControlActionType
+     */
+    private void registerPrimaryRequestHandler(
+        Writeable.Reader<Request> requestReader,
+        AdmissionControlActionType admissionControlActionType
+    ) {
+        if (admissionControlActionType != null) {
+            transportService.registerRequestHandler(
+                transportPrimaryAction,
+                executor,
+                forceExecutionOnPrimary,
+                true,
+                admissionControlActionType,
+                in -> new ConcreteShardRequest<>(requestReader, in),
+                this::handlePrimaryRequest
+            );
+        } else {
+            transportService.registerRequestHandler(
+                transportPrimaryAction,
+                executor,
+                forceExecutionOnPrimary,
+                true,
+                in -> new ConcreteShardRequest<>(requestReader, in),
+                this::handlePrimaryRequest
+            );
+        }
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected void doExecute(Task task, Request request, ActionListener<Response> listener) {
         assert request.shardId() != null : "request shardId must be set";
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/support/replication/TransportWriteAction.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/support/replication/TransportWriteAction.java
index 9ebfa8cfd0df8..27f9e6dee83de 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/support/replication/TransportWriteAction.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/action/support/replication/TransportWriteAction.java
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.index.translog.Translog.Location;
 import org.opensearch.indices.IndicesService;
 import org.opensearch.indices.SystemIndices;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
 import org.opensearch.telemetry.tracing.Span;
 import org.opensearch.telemetry.tracing.SpanBuilder;
 import org.opensearch.telemetry.tracing.SpanScope;
@@ -104,7 +105,8 @@ protected TransportWriteAction(
         boolean forceExecutionOnPrimary,
         IndexingPressureService indexingPressureService,
         SystemIndices systemIndices,
-        Tracer tracer
+        Tracer tracer,
+        AdmissionControlActionType admissionControlActionType
     ) {
         // We pass ThreadPool.Names.SAME to the super class as we control the dispatching to the
         // ThreadPool.Names.WRITE/ThreadPool.Names.SYSTEM_WRITE thread pools in this class.
@@ -121,7 +123,8 @@ protected TransportWriteAction(
             replicaRequest,
             ThreadPool.Names.SAME,
             true,
-            forceExecutionOnPrimary
+            forceExecutionOnPrimary,
+            admissionControlActionType
         );
         this.executorFunction = executorFunction;
         this.indexingPressureService = indexingPressureService;
@@ -129,6 +132,43 @@ protected TransportWriteAction(
         this.tracer = tracer;
     }
 
+    protected TransportWriteAction(
+        Settings settings,
+        String actionName,
+        TransportService transportService,
+        ClusterService clusterService,
+        IndicesService indicesService,
+        ThreadPool threadPool,
+        ShardStateAction shardStateAction,
+        ActionFilters actionFilters,
+        Writeable.Reader<Request> request,
+        Writeable.Reader<ReplicaRequest> replicaRequest,
+        Function<IndexShard, String> executorFunction,
+        boolean forceExecutionOnPrimary,
+        IndexingPressureService indexingPressureService,
+        SystemIndices systemIndices,
+        Tracer tracer
+    ) {
+        this(
+            settings,
+            actionName,
+            transportService,
+            clusterService,
+            indicesService,
+            threadPool,
+            shardStateAction,
+            actionFilters,
+            request,
+            replicaRequest,
+            executorFunction,
+            forceExecutionOnPrimary,
+            indexingPressureService,
+            systemIndices,
+            tracer,
+            null
+        );
+    }
+
     protected String executor(IndexShard shard) {
         return executorFunction.apply(shard);
     }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/metadata/MetadataCreateIndexService.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/metadata/MetadataCreateIndexService.java
index 8d76a39712ee3..2704dccd46076 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/metadata/MetadataCreateIndexService.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/metadata/MetadataCreateIndexService.java
@@ -1496,7 +1496,7 @@ public static void validateTranslogRetentionSettings(Settings indexSettings) {
      * @param requestSettings settings passed in during index create/update request
      * @param clusterSettings cluster setting
      */
-    static void validateRefreshIntervalSettings(Settings requestSettings, ClusterSettings clusterSettings) {
+    public static void validateRefreshIntervalSettings(Settings requestSettings, ClusterSettings clusterSettings) {
         if (IndexSettings.INDEX_REFRESH_INTERVAL_SETTING.exists(requestSettings) == false) {
             return;
         }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/metadata/MetadataIndexTemplateService.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/metadata/MetadataIndexTemplateService.java
index 1093ac09777e7..5b03d3f7b19ce 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/metadata/MetadataIndexTemplateService.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/metadata/MetadataIndexTemplateService.java
@@ -93,6 +93,7 @@
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 
 import static org.opensearch.cluster.metadata.MetadataCreateDataStreamService.validateTimestampFieldMapping;
+import static org.opensearch.cluster.metadata.MetadataCreateIndexService.validateRefreshIntervalSettings;
 import static org.opensearch.indices.cluster.IndicesClusterStateService.AllocatedIndices.IndexRemovalReason.NO_LONGER_ASSIGNED;
 
 /**
@@ -1529,6 +1530,9 @@ private void validate(String name, @Nullable Settings settings, List<String> ind
                 Optional.empty()
             );
             validationErrors.addAll(indexSettingsValidation);
+
+            // validate index refresh interval settings
+            validateRefreshIntervalSettings(settings, clusterService.getClusterSettings());
         }
 
         if (indexPatterns.stream().anyMatch(Regex::isMatchAllPattern)) {
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/allocator/LocalShardsBalancer.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/allocator/LocalShardsBalancer.java
index 75448520a499c..45f64a5b29b04 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/allocator/LocalShardsBalancer.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/allocator/LocalShardsBalancer.java
@@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ public class LocalShardsBalancer extends ShardsBalancer {
 
     private final float threshold;
     private final Metadata metadata;
-    private final float avgShardsPerNode;
 
     private final float avgPrimaryShardsPerNode;
     private final BalancedShardsAllocator.NodeSorter sorter;
@@ -85,7 +84,6 @@ public LocalShardsBalancer(
         this.threshold = threshold;
         this.routingNodes = allocation.routingNodes();
         this.metadata = allocation.metadata();
-        avgShardsPerNode = ((float) metadata.getTotalNumberOfShards()) / routingNodes.size();
         avgPrimaryShardsPerNode = (float) (StreamSupport.stream(metadata.spliterator(), false)
             .mapToInt(IndexMetadata::getNumberOfShards)
             .sum()) / routingNodes.size();
@@ -663,7 +661,6 @@ MoveDecision decideMove(final ShardRouting shardRouting) {
         RoutingNode targetNode = null;
         final List<NodeAllocationResult> nodeExplanationMap = explain ? new ArrayList<>() : null;
         int weightRanking = 0;
-        int targetNodeProcessed = 0;
         for (BalancedShardsAllocator.ModelNode currentNode : sorter.modelNodes) {
             if (currentNode != sourceNode) {
                 RoutingNode target = currentNode.getRoutingNode();
@@ -677,7 +674,6 @@ MoveDecision decideMove(final ShardRouting shardRouting) {
                         continue;
                     }
                 }
-                targetNodeProcessed++;
                 // don't use canRebalance as we want hard filtering rules to apply. See #17698
                 Decision allocationDecision = allocation.deciders().canAllocate(shardRouting, target, allocation);
                 if (explain) {
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/allocator/RemoteShardsBalancer.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/allocator/RemoteShardsBalancer.java
index cbbcd61fc5295..8a14ce3f1a288 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/allocator/RemoteShardsBalancer.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/allocator/RemoteShardsBalancer.java
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ private void tryAllocateUnassignedShard(Queue<RoutingNode> nodeQueue, ShardRouti
                     allocation.metadata(),
                     allocation.routingTable()
                 );
-                ShardRouting initShard = routingNodes.initializeShard(shard, node.nodeId(), null, shardSize, allocation.changes());
+                routingNodes.initializeShard(shard, node.nodeId(), null, shardSize, allocation.changes());
                 nodeQueue.offer(node);
                 allocated = true;
                 break;
@@ -444,7 +444,6 @@ private void tryAllocateUnassignedShard(Queue<RoutingNode> nodeQueue, ShardRouti
 
                 // Break out if all nodes in the queue have been checked for this shard
                 if (nodeQueue.stream().allMatch(rn -> nodesCheckedForShard.contains(rn.nodeId()))) {
-                    throttled = true;
                     break;
                 }
             }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/decider/AllocationDeciders.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/decider/AllocationDeciders.java
index 22c3156fb3537..1263efd19ac46 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/decider/AllocationDeciders.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/decider/AllocationDeciders.java
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ public Decision canAllocateAnyShardToNode(RoutingNode node, RoutingAllocation al
         Decision.Multi ret = new Decision.Multi();
         for (AllocationDecider decider : allocations) {
             Decision decision = decider.canAllocateAnyShardToNode(node, allocation);
-            if (decision.type().canPremptivelyReturn()) {
+            if (decision.type().canPreemptivelyReturn()) {
                 if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                     logger.trace("Shard can not be allocated on node [{}] due to [{}]", node.nodeId(), decider.getClass().getSimpleName());
                 }
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ public Decision canMoveAway(ShardRouting shardRouting, RoutingAllocation allocat
         for (AllocationDecider decider : allocations) {
             Decision decision = decider.canMoveAway(shardRouting, allocation);
             // short track if a NO is returned.
-            if (decision.type().canPremptivelyReturn()) {
+            if (decision.type().canPreemptivelyReturn()) {
                 if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                     logger.trace("Shard [{}] can not be moved away due to [{}]", shardRouting, decider.getClass().getSimpleName());
                 }
@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ public Decision canMoveAnyShard(RoutingAllocation allocation) {
         for (AllocationDecider decider : allocations) {
             Decision decision = decider.canMoveAnyShard(allocation);
             // short track if a NO is returned.
-            if (decision.type().canPremptivelyReturn()) {
+            if (decision.type().canPreemptivelyReturn()) {
                 if (allocation.debugDecision() == false) {
                     return decision;
                 } else {
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/decider/Decision.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/decider/Decision.java
index ac5a18c3fcb21..938c457606c79 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/decider/Decision.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/decider/Decision.java
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ public boolean higherThan(Type other) {
             return false;
         }
 
-        public boolean canPremptivelyReturn() {
+        public boolean canPreemptivelyReturn() {
             return this == THROTTLE || this == NO;
         }
 
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/Rounding.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/Rounding.java
index 5a740b8527704..6f5f1e4328758 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/Rounding.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/Rounding.java
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
 import java.time.ZoneId;
 import java.time.ZoneOffset;
+import java.time.format.TextStyle;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
 import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit;
 import java.time.temporal.IsoFields;
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Locale;
 import java.util.Objects;
+import java.util.OptionalLong;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 
 /**
@@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ long roundFloor(long utcMillis) {
                 return DateUtils.roundFloor(utcMillis, ratio);
             }
 
-            long extraLocalOffsetLookup() {
+            public long extraLocalOffsetLookup() {
                 return ratio;
             }
         };
@@ -1368,4 +1370,40 @@ public static Rounding read(StreamInput in) throws IOException {
                 throw new OpenSearchException("unknown rounding id [" + id + "]");
         }
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Extracts the interval value from the {@link Rounding} instance
+     * @param rounding {@link Rounding} instance
+     * @return the interval value from the {@link Rounding} instance or {@code OptionalLong.empty()}
+     * if the interval is not available
+     */
+    public static OptionalLong getInterval(Rounding rounding) {
+        long interval = 0;
+
+        if (rounding instanceof TimeUnitRounding) {
+            interval = (((TimeUnitRounding) rounding).unit).extraLocalOffsetLookup();
+            if (!isUTCTimeZone(((TimeUnitRounding) rounding).timeZone)) {
+                // Fast filter aggregation cannot be used if it needs time zone rounding
+                return OptionalLong.empty();
+            }
+        } else if (rounding instanceof TimeIntervalRounding) {
+            interval = ((TimeIntervalRounding) rounding).interval;
+            if (!isUTCTimeZone(((TimeIntervalRounding) rounding).timeZone)) {
+                // Fast filter aggregation cannot be used if it needs time zone rounding
+                return OptionalLong.empty();
+            }
+        } else {
+            return OptionalLong.empty();
+        }
+
+        return OptionalLong.of(interval);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Helper function for checking if the time zone requested for date histogram
+     * aggregation is utc or not
+     */
+    private static boolean isUTCTimeZone(final ZoneId zoneId) {
+        return "Z".equals(zoneId.getDisplayName(TextStyle.FULL, Locale.ENGLISH));
+    }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/lucene/store/ByteArrayIndexInput.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/lucene/store/ByteArrayIndexInput.java
index 6eb613daf5133..bb273b14c42e2 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/lucene/store/ByteArrayIndexInput.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/lucene/store/ByteArrayIndexInput.java
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 
 import org.apache.lucene.store.IndexInput;
 import org.apache.lucene.store.RandomAccessInput;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.BitUtil;
 
 import java.io.EOFException;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -121,47 +122,25 @@ public void readBytes(final byte[] b, final int offset, int len) throws IOExcept
     @Override
     public byte readByte(long pos) throws IOException {
         validatePos(pos, Byte.BYTES);
-        return internalReadByte(pos);
+        return bytes[offset + (int) pos];
     }
 
     @Override
     public short readShort(long pos) throws IOException {
         validatePos(pos, Short.BYTES);
-        return internalReadShort(pos);
+        return (short) BitUtil.VH_LE_SHORT.get(bytes, offset + (int) pos);
     }
 
     @Override
     public int readInt(long pos) throws IOException {
         validatePos(pos, Integer.BYTES);
-        return internalReadInt(pos);
+        return (int) BitUtil.VH_LE_INT.get(bytes, offset + (int) pos);
     }
 
     @Override
     public long readLong(long pos) throws IOException {
         validatePos(pos, Long.BYTES);
-        return internalReadLong(pos);
-    }
-
-    private byte internalReadByte(long pos) {
-        return bytes[offset + (int) pos];
-    }
-
-    private short internalReadShort(long pos) {
-        final byte p1 = internalReadByte(pos);
-        final byte p2 = internalReadByte(pos + 1);
-        return (short) (((p2 & 0xFF) << 8) | (p1 & 0xFF));
-    }
-
-    private int internalReadInt(long pos) {
-        final short p1 = internalReadShort(pos);
-        final short p2 = internalReadShort(pos + Short.BYTES);
-        return ((p2 & 0xFFFF) << 16) | (p1 & 0xFFFF);
-    }
-
-    public long internalReadLong(long pos) {
-        final int p1 = internalReadInt(pos);
-        final int p2 = internalReadInt(pos + Integer.BYTES);
-        return (((long) p2) << 32) | (p1 & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+        return (long) BitUtil.VH_LE_LONG.get(bytes, offset + (int) pos);
     }
 
     private void validatePos(long pos, int len) throws EOFException {
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/network/NetworkModule.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/network/NetworkModule.java
index 821d48fccf48c..2edf3967c61b0 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/network/NetworkModule.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/network/NetworkModule.java
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.http.HttpServerTransport;
 import org.opensearch.index.shard.PrimaryReplicaSyncer.ResyncTask;
 import org.opensearch.plugins.NetworkPlugin;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
 import org.opensearch.tasks.RawTaskStatus;
 import org.opensearch.tasks.Task;
 import org.opensearch.telemetry.tracing.Tracer;
@@ -153,9 +154,6 @@ public NetworkModule(
         List<TransportInterceptor> transportInterceptors
     ) {
         this.settings = settings;
-        if (transportInterceptors != null) {
-            transportInterceptors.forEach(this::registerTransportInterceptor);
-        }
         for (NetworkPlugin plugin : plugins) {
             Map<String, Supplier<HttpServerTransport>> httpTransportFactory = plugin.getHttpTransports(
                 settings,
@@ -192,6 +190,10 @@ public NetworkModule(
                 registerTransportInterceptor(interceptor);
             }
         }
+        // Adding last because interceptors are triggered from last to first order from the list
+        if (transportInterceptors != null) {
+            transportInterceptors.forEach(this::registerTransportInterceptor);
+        }
     }
 
     /** Adds a transport implementation that can be selected by setting {@link #TRANSPORT_TYPE_KEY}. */
@@ -299,6 +301,30 @@ public <T extends TransportRequest> TransportRequestHandler<T> interceptHandler(
             return actualHandler;
         }
 
+        /**
+         * Intercept the transport action and perform admission control if applicable
+         * @param action The action the request handler is associated with
+         * @param executor The executor the request handling will be executed on
+         * @param forceExecution Force execution on the executor queue and never reject it
+         * @param actualHandler The handler itself that implements the request handling
+         * @param admissionControlActionType Admission control based on resource usage limits of provided action type
+         * @return returns the actual TransportRequestHandler after intercepting all previous handlers
+         * @param <T>
+         */
+        @Override
+        public <T extends TransportRequest> TransportRequestHandler<T> interceptHandler(
+            String action,
+            String executor,
+            boolean forceExecution,
+            TransportRequestHandler<T> actualHandler,
+            AdmissionControlActionType admissionControlActionType
+        ) {
+            for (TransportInterceptor interceptor : this.transportInterceptors) {
+                actualHandler = interceptor.interceptHandler(action, executor, forceExecution, actualHandler, admissionControlActionType);
+            }
+            return actualHandler;
+        }
+
         @Override
         public AsyncSender interceptSender(AsyncSender sender) {
             for (TransportInterceptor interceptor : this.transportInterceptors) {
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/settings/ClusterSettings.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/settings/ClusterSettings.java
index a817e63328110..ab0ea89f4734d 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/settings/ClusterSettings.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/common/settings/ClusterSettings.java
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.persistent.decider.EnableAssignmentDecider;
 import org.opensearch.plugins.PluginsService;
 import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.AdmissionControlSettings;
-import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.settings.CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.settings.CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings;
 import org.opensearch.repositories.fs.FsRepository;
 import org.opensearch.rest.BaseRestHandler;
 import org.opensearch.script.ScriptService;
@@ -292,6 +292,7 @@ public void apply(Settings value, Settings current, Settings previous) {
                 RecoverySettings.INDICES_RECOVERY_MAX_CONCURRENT_FILE_CHUNKS_SETTING,
                 RecoverySettings.INDICES_RECOVERY_MAX_CONCURRENT_OPERATIONS_SETTING,
                 RecoverySettings.INDICES_RECOVERY_MAX_CONCURRENT_REMOTE_STORE_STREAMS_SETTING,
+                RecoverySettings.CLUSTER_REMOTE_INDEX_SEGMENT_METADATA_RETENTION_MAX_COUNT_SETTING,
                 ThrottlingAllocationDecider.CLUSTER_ROUTING_ALLOCATION_NODE_INITIAL_PRIMARIES_RECOVERIES_SETTING,
                 ThrottlingAllocationDecider.CLUSTER_ROUTING_ALLOCATION_NODE_INITIAL_REPLICAS_RECOVERIES_SETTING,
                 ThrottlingAllocationDecider.CLUSTER_ROUTING_ALLOCATION_NODE_CONCURRENT_INCOMING_RECOVERIES_SETTING,
@@ -698,9 +699,9 @@ public void apply(Settings value, Settings current, Settings previous) {
                 IndicesService.CLUSTER_REMOTE_TRANSLOG_BUFFER_INTERVAL_SETTING,
                 IndicesService.CLUSTER_REMOTE_INDEX_RESTRICT_ASYNC_DURABILITY_SETTING,
                 AdmissionControlSettings.ADMISSION_CONTROL_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE,
-                CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE,
-                CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.INDEXING_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT,
-                CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT
+                CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE,
+                CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.INDEXING_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT,
+                CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT
             )
         )
     );
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/Engine.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/Engine.java
index dbc8a1aead65c..c945d082c9a35 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/Engine.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/Engine.java
@@ -1321,6 +1321,7 @@ public void failEngine(String reason, @Nullable Exception failure) {
                     // clean all unreferenced files on best effort basis created during failed merge and reset the
                     // shard state back to last Lucene Commit.
                     if (shouldCleanupUnreferencedFiles() && isMergeFailureDueToIOException(failure, reason)) {
+                        logger.info("Cleaning up unreferenced files as merge failed due to: {}", reason);
                         cleanUpUnreferencedFiles();
                     }
 
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/EngineConfig.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/EngineConfig.java
index af65e993fcf26..bf3e10d684c94 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/EngineConfig.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/EngineConfig.java
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ public final class EngineConfig {
     private final LongSupplier globalCheckpointSupplier;
     private final Supplier<RetentionLeases> retentionLeasesSupplier;
     private final boolean isReadOnlyReplica;
-    private final BooleanSupplier primaryModeSupplier;
+    private final BooleanSupplier startedPrimarySupplier;
     private final Comparator<LeafReader> leafSorter;
 
     /**
@@ -287,7 +287,7 @@ private EngineConfig(Builder builder) {
         this.primaryTermSupplier = builder.primaryTermSupplier;
         this.tombstoneDocSupplier = builder.tombstoneDocSupplier;
         this.isReadOnlyReplica = builder.isReadOnlyReplica;
-        this.primaryModeSupplier = builder.primaryModeSupplier;
+        this.startedPrimarySupplier = builder.startedPrimarySupplier;
         this.translogFactory = builder.translogFactory;
         this.leafSorter = builder.leafSorter;
     }
@@ -495,11 +495,11 @@ public boolean isReadOnlyReplica() {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns the underlying primaryModeSupplier.
+     * Returns the underlying startedPrimarySupplier.
      * @return the primary mode supplier.
      */
-    public BooleanSupplier getPrimaryModeSupplier() {
-        return primaryModeSupplier;
+    public BooleanSupplier getStartedPrimarySupplier() {
+        return startedPrimarySupplier;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -577,7 +577,7 @@ public static class Builder {
         private TombstoneDocSupplier tombstoneDocSupplier;
         private TranslogDeletionPolicyFactory translogDeletionPolicyFactory;
         private boolean isReadOnlyReplica;
-        private BooleanSupplier primaryModeSupplier;
+        private BooleanSupplier startedPrimarySupplier;
         private TranslogFactory translogFactory = new InternalTranslogFactory();
         Comparator<LeafReader> leafSorter;
 
@@ -701,8 +701,8 @@ public Builder readOnlyReplica(boolean isReadOnlyReplica) {
             return this;
         }
 
-        public Builder primaryModeSupplier(BooleanSupplier primaryModeSupplier) {
-            this.primaryModeSupplier = primaryModeSupplier;
+        public Builder startedPrimarySupplier(BooleanSupplier startedPrimarySupplier) {
+            this.startedPrimarySupplier = startedPrimarySupplier;
             return this;
         }
 
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/EngineConfigFactory.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/EngineConfigFactory.java
index 38eea92b6c757..77e2f1c55201d 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/EngineConfigFactory.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/EngineConfigFactory.java
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ public EngineConfig newEngineConfig(
         LongSupplier primaryTermSupplier,
         EngineConfig.TombstoneDocSupplier tombstoneDocSupplier,
         boolean isReadOnlyReplica,
-        BooleanSupplier primaryModeSupplier,
+        BooleanSupplier startedPrimarySupplier,
         TranslogFactory translogFactory,
         Comparator<LeafReader> leafSorter
     ) {
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ public EngineConfig newEngineConfig(
             .primaryTermSupplier(primaryTermSupplier)
             .tombstoneDocSupplier(tombstoneDocSupplier)
             .readOnlyReplica(isReadOnlyReplica)
-            .primaryModeSupplier(primaryModeSupplier)
+            .startedPrimarySupplier(startedPrimarySupplier)
             .translogFactory(translogFactory)
             .leafSorter(leafSorter)
             .build();
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/InternalEngine.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/InternalEngine.java
index 8e1627af274c5..e204656d3f106 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/InternalEngine.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/InternalEngine.java
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ public void onFailure(String reason, Exception ex) {
                     new CompositeTranslogEventListener(Arrays.asList(internalTranslogEventListener, translogEventListener), shardId),
                     this::ensureOpen,
                     engineConfig.getTranslogFactory(),
-                    engineConfig.getPrimaryModeSupplier()
+                    engineConfig.getStartedPrimarySupplier()
                 );
                 this.translogManager = translogManagerRef;
                 this.softDeletesPolicy = newSoftDeletesPolicy();
@@ -1412,7 +1412,9 @@ private Exception tryAcquireInFlightDocs(Operation operation, int addingDocs) {
         final long totalDocs = indexWriter.getPendingNumDocs() + inFlightDocCount.addAndGet(addingDocs);
         if (totalDocs > maxDocs) {
             releaseInFlightDocs(addingDocs);
-            return new IllegalArgumentException("Number of documents in the index can't exceed [" + maxDocs + "]");
+            return new IllegalArgumentException(
+                "Number of documents in shard " + shardId + " exceeds the limit of [" + maxDocs + "] documents per shard"
+            );
         } else {
             return null;
         }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/NRTReplicationEngine.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/NRTReplicationEngine.java
index 3b55c4e648f1c..ed8dba2f8902d 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/NRTReplicationEngine.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/NRTReplicationEngine.java
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ public void onAfterTranslogSync() {
                 },
                 this,
                 engineConfig.getTranslogFactory(),
-                engineConfig.getPrimaryModeSupplier()
+                engineConfig.getStartedPrimarySupplier()
             );
             this.translogManager = translogManagerRef;
             success = true;
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/NoOpEngine.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/NoOpEngine.java
index ca31d5518df47..9071b0e7a1eb3 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/NoOpEngine.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/NoOpEngine.java
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ public void trimUnreferencedTranslogFiles() throws TranslogException {
                                         engineConfig.getGlobalCheckpointSupplier(),
                                         engineConfig.getPrimaryTermSupplier(),
                                         seqNo -> {},
-                                        engineConfig.getPrimaryModeSupplier()
+                                        engineConfig.getStartedPrimarySupplier()
                                     )
                             ) {
                                 translog.trimUnreferencedReaders();
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/ReadOnlyEngine.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/ReadOnlyEngine.java
index 80cef214a08cd..7ff3145055df8 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/ReadOnlyEngine.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/ReadOnlyEngine.java
@@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ private static TranslogStats translogStats(final EngineConfig config, final Segm
                     config.getGlobalCheckpointSupplier(),
                     config.getPrimaryTermSupplier(),
                     seqNo -> {},
-                    config.getPrimaryModeSupplier()
+                    config.getStartedPrimarySupplier()
                 )
         ) {
             return translog.stats();
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/mapper/BooleanFieldMapper.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/mapper/BooleanFieldMapper.java
index 22eeed205e2c8..3c7925809415a 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/mapper/BooleanFieldMapper.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/mapper/BooleanFieldMapper.java
@@ -193,7 +193,7 @@ protected Boolean parseSourceValue(Object value) {
                         return (Boolean) value;
                     } else {
                         String textValue = value.toString();
-                        return Booleans.parseBoolean(textValue.toCharArray(), 0, textValue.length(), false);
+                        return Booleans.parseBooleanStrict(textValue, false);
                     }
                 }
             };
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/mapper/DateFieldMapper.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/mapper/DateFieldMapper.java
index 3b832628695fe..d98e6ea6af83d 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/mapper/DateFieldMapper.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/mapper/DateFieldMapper.java
@@ -409,6 +409,16 @@ public long parse(String value) {
             return resolution.convert(DateFormatters.from(dateTimeFormatter().parse(value), dateTimeFormatter().locale()).toInstant());
         }
 
+        public long convertNanosToMillis(long nanoSecondsSinceEpoch) {
+            if (resolution.numericType.equals(NumericType.DATE_NANOSECONDS)) return DateUtils.toMilliSeconds(nanoSecondsSinceEpoch);
+            return nanoSecondsSinceEpoch;
+        }
+
+        public long convertRoundedMillisToNanos(long milliSecondsSinceEpoch) {
+            if (resolution.numericType.equals(NumericType.DATE_NANOSECONDS)) return DateUtils.toNanoSeconds(milliSecondsSinceEpoch);
+            return milliSecondsSinceEpoch;
+        }
+
         @Override
         public ValueFetcher valueFetcher(QueryShardContext context, SearchLookup searchLookup, String format) {
             DateFormatter defaultFormatter = dateTimeFormatter();
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/seqno/ReplicationTracker.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/seqno/ReplicationTracker.java
index 3113428ec60ef..7b9c1d3aa548f 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/seqno/ReplicationTracker.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/seqno/ReplicationTracker.java
@@ -1322,8 +1322,10 @@ private SegmentReplicationShardStats buildShardStats(final String allocationId,
             allocationId,
             cps.checkpointTimers.size(),
             bytesBehind,
-            cps.checkpointTimers.values().stream().mapToLong(SegmentReplicationLagTimer::time).max().orElse(0),
-            cps.checkpointTimers.values().stream().mapToLong(SegmentReplicationLagTimer::totalElapsedTime).max().orElse(0),
+            bytesBehind > 0L ? cps.checkpointTimers.values().stream().mapToLong(SegmentReplicationLagTimer::time).max().orElse(0) : 0,
+            bytesBehind > 0L
+                ? cps.checkpointTimers.values().stream().mapToLong(SegmentReplicationLagTimer::totalElapsedTime).max().orElse(0)
+                : 0,
             cps.lastCompletedReplicationLag
         );
     }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/CheckpointRefreshListener.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/CheckpointRefreshListener.java
index 85d744e58265f..675d60ec2b63d 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/CheckpointRefreshListener.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/CheckpointRefreshListener.java
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
  *
  * @opensearch.internal
  */
-public class CheckpointRefreshListener extends CloseableRetryableRefreshListener {
+public class CheckpointRefreshListener extends ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener {
 
     protected static Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(CheckpointRefreshListener.class);
 
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/IndexShard.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/IndexShard.java
index f1873ac659400..cbb246219546b 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/IndexShard.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/IndexShard.java
@@ -345,6 +345,7 @@ Runnable getGlobalCheckpointSyncer() {
 
     private final List<ReferenceManager.RefreshListener> internalRefreshListener = new ArrayList<>();
     private final RemoteStoreFileDownloader fileDownloader;
+    private final RecoverySettings recoverySettings;
 
     public IndexShard(
         final ShardRouting shardRouting,
@@ -469,6 +470,7 @@ public boolean shouldCache(Query query) {
             ? false
             : mapperService.documentMapper().mappers().containsTimeStampField();
         this.remoteStoreStatsTrackerFactory = remoteStoreStatsTrackerFactory;
+        this.recoverySettings = recoverySettings;
         this.fileDownloader = new RemoteStoreFileDownloader(shardRouting.shardId(), threadPool, recoverySettings);
     }
 
@@ -567,6 +569,10 @@ public String getNodeId() {
         return translogConfig.getNodeId();
     }
 
+    public RecoverySettings getRecoverySettings() {
+        return recoverySettings;
+    }
+
     public RemoteStoreFileDownloader getFileDownloader() {
         return fileDownloader;
     }
@@ -845,6 +851,9 @@ public void relocated(
         final Runnable performSegRep
     ) throws IllegalIndexShardStateException, IllegalStateException, InterruptedException {
         assert shardRouting.primary() : "only primaries can be marked as relocated: " + shardRouting;
+        // The below list of releasable ensures that if the relocation does not happen, we undo the activity of close and
+        // acquire all permits. This will ensure that the remote store uploads can still be done by the existing primary shard.
+        List<Releasable> releasablesOnHandoffFailures = new ArrayList<>(2);
         try (Releasable forceRefreshes = refreshListeners.forceRefreshes()) {
             indexShardOperationPermits.blockOperations(30, TimeUnit.MINUTES, () -> {
                 forceRefreshes.close();
@@ -857,11 +866,15 @@ public void relocated(
                     maybeSync();
                 }
 
-                // Ensures all in-flight remote store operations drain, before we perform the handoff.
-                internalRefreshListener.stream()
-                    .filter(refreshListener -> refreshListener instanceof Closeable)
-                    .map(refreshListener -> (Closeable) refreshListener)
-                    .close();
+                // Ensures all in-flight remote store refreshes drain, before we perform the performSegRep.
+                for (ReferenceManager.RefreshListener refreshListener : internalRefreshListener) {
+                    if (refreshListener instanceof ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener) {
+                        releasablesOnHandoffFailures.add(((ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener) refreshListener).drainRefreshes());
+                    }
+                }
+
+                // Ensure all in-flight remote store translog upload drains, before we perform the performSegRep.
+                releasablesOnHandoffFailures.add(getEngine().translogManager().drainSync());
 
                 // no shard operation permits are being held here, move state from started to relocated
                 assert indexShardOperationPermits.getActiveOperationsCount() == OPERATIONS_BLOCKED
@@ -896,6 +909,13 @@ public void relocated(
             // Fail primary relocation source and target shards.
             failShard("timed out waiting for relocation hand-off to complete", null);
             throw new IndexShardClosedException(shardId(), "timed out waiting for relocation hand-off to complete");
+        } catch (Exception ex) {
+            assert replicationTracker.isPrimaryMode();
+            // If the primary mode is still true after the end of handoff attempt, it basically means that the relocation
+            // failed. The existing primary will continue to be the primary, so we need to allow the segments and translog
+            // upload to resume.
+            Releasables.close(releasablesOnHandoffFailures);
+            throw ex;
         }
     }
 
@@ -1744,8 +1764,8 @@ public final boolean shouldProcessCheckpoint(ReplicationCheckpoint requestCheckp
         if (isSegmentReplicationAllowed() == false) {
             return false;
         }
-        ReplicationCheckpoint localCheckpoint = getLatestReplicationCheckpoint();
-        if (localCheckpoint.isAheadOf(requestCheckpoint)) {
+        final ReplicationCheckpoint localCheckpoint = getLatestReplicationCheckpoint();
+        if (requestCheckpoint.isAheadOf(localCheckpoint) == false) {
             logger.trace(
                 () -> new ParameterizedMessage(
                     "Ignoring new replication checkpoint - Shard is already on checkpoint {} that is ahead of {}",
@@ -1755,12 +1775,6 @@ public final boolean shouldProcessCheckpoint(ReplicationCheckpoint requestCheckp
             );
             return false;
         }
-        if (localCheckpoint.equals(requestCheckpoint)) {
-            logger.trace(
-                () -> new ParameterizedMessage("Ignoring new replication checkpoint - Shard is already on checkpoint {}", requestCheckpoint)
-            );
-            return false;
-        }
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -3865,10 +3879,10 @@ private EngineConfig newEngineConfig(LongSupplier globalCheckpointSupplier) thro
             circuitBreakerService,
             globalCheckpointSupplier,
             replicationTracker::getRetentionLeases,
-            () -> getOperationPrimaryTerm(),
+            this::getOperationPrimaryTerm,
             tombstoneDocSupplier(),
             isReadOnlyReplica,
-            replicationTracker::isPrimaryMode,
+            this::isStartedPrimary,
             translogFactorySupplier.apply(indexSettings, shardRouting),
             isTimeSeriesDescSortOptimizationEnabled() ? DataStream.TIMESERIES_LEAF_SORTER : null // DESC @timestamp default order for
             // timeseries
@@ -3883,6 +3897,15 @@ public boolean isRemoteTranslogEnabled() {
         return indexSettings() != null && indexSettings().isRemoteTranslogStoreEnabled();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * This checks if we are in state to upload to remote store. Until the cluster-manager informs the shard through
+     * cluster state, the shard will not be in STARTED state. This method is used to prevent pre-emptive segment or
+     * translog uploads.
+     */
+    public boolean isStartedPrimary() {
+        return getReplicationTracker().isPrimaryMode() && state() == IndexShardState.STARTED;
+    }
+
     /**
      * @return true if segment reverse search optimization is enabled for time series based workload.
      */
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/CloseableRetryableRefreshListener.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener.java
similarity index 80%
rename from server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/CloseableRetryableRefreshListener.java
rename to server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener.java
index 3ee74e5267718..757275932c5f1 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/CloseableRetryableRefreshListener.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener.java
@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@
 
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.ReferenceManager;
+import org.opensearch.common.lease.Releasable;
+import org.opensearch.common.lease.Releasables;
 import org.opensearch.common.unit.TimeValue;
 import org.opensearch.threadpool.ThreadPool;
 
-import java.io.Closeable;
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Objects;
 import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
@@ -22,11 +23,11 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 
 /**
- * RefreshListener that runs afterRefresh method if and only if there is a permit available. Once the listener
- * is closed, all the permits are acquired and there are no available permits to afterRefresh. This abstract class provides
+ * RefreshListener that runs afterRefresh method if and only if there is a permit available. Once the {@code drainRefreshes()}
+ * is called, all the permits are acquired and there are no available permits to afterRefresh. This abstract class provides
  * necessary abstract methods to schedule retry.
  */
-public abstract class CloseableRetryableRefreshListener implements ReferenceManager.RefreshListener, Closeable {
+public abstract class ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener implements ReferenceManager.RefreshListener {
 
     /**
      * Total permits = 1 ensures that there is only single instance of runAfterRefreshWithPermit that is running at a time.
@@ -34,6 +35,8 @@ public abstract class CloseableRetryableRefreshListener implements ReferenceMana
      */
     private static final int TOTAL_PERMITS = 1;
 
+    private static final TimeValue DRAIN_TIMEOUT = TimeValue.timeValueMinutes(10);
+
     private final AtomicBoolean closed = new AtomicBoolean(false);
 
     private final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(TOTAL_PERMITS);
@@ -45,11 +48,11 @@ public abstract class CloseableRetryableRefreshListener implements ReferenceMana
      */
     private final AtomicBoolean retryScheduled = new AtomicBoolean(false);
 
-    public CloseableRetryableRefreshListener() {
+    public ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener() {
         this.threadPool = null;
     }
 
-    public CloseableRetryableRefreshListener(ThreadPool threadPool) {
+    public ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener(ThreadPool threadPool) {
         assert Objects.nonNull(threadPool);
         this.threadPool = threadPool;
     }
@@ -184,23 +187,38 @@ private void scheduleRetry(boolean afterRefreshSuccessful, boolean didRefresh) {
      */
     protected abstract boolean performAfterRefreshWithPermit(boolean didRefresh);
 
-    @Override
-    public final void close() throws IOException {
+    public final Releasable drainRefreshes() {
         try {
-            if (semaphore.tryAcquire(TOTAL_PERMITS, 10, TimeUnit.MINUTES)) {
+            TimeValue timeout = getDrainTimeout();
+            if (semaphore.tryAcquire(TOTAL_PERMITS, timeout.seconds(), TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
                 boolean result = closed.compareAndSet(false, true);
                 assert result && semaphore.availablePermits() == 0;
                 getLogger().info("All permits are acquired and refresh listener is closed");
+                return Releasables.releaseOnce(() -> {
+                    semaphore.release(TOTAL_PERMITS);
+                    boolean wasClosed = closed.getAndSet(false);
+                    assert semaphore.availablePermits() == TOTAL_PERMITS : "Available permits is " + semaphore.availablePermits();
+                    assert wasClosed : "RefreshListener is not closed before reopening it";
+                    getLogger().info("All permits are released and refresh listener is open");
+                });
             } else {
-                throw new TimeoutException("timeout while closing gated refresh listener");
+                throw new TimeoutException("Timeout while acquiring all permits");
             }
         } catch (InterruptedException | TimeoutException e) {
-            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to close the closeable retryable listener", e);
+            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to acquire all permits", e);
         }
     }
 
     protected abstract Logger getLogger();
 
+    // Made available for unit testing purpose only
+    /**
+     * Returns the timeout which is used while draining refreshes.
+     */
+    TimeValue getDrainTimeout() {
+        return DRAIN_TIMEOUT;
+    }
+
     // Visible for testing
     /**
      * Returns if the retry is scheduled or not.
@@ -210,4 +228,14 @@ public final void close() throws IOException {
     boolean getRetryScheduledStatus() {
         return retryScheduled.get();
     }
+
+    // Visible for testing
+    int availablePermits() {
+        return semaphore.availablePermits();
+    }
+
+    // Visible for testing
+    boolean isClosed() {
+        return closed.get();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/RemoteStoreRefreshListener.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/RemoteStoreRefreshListener.java
index dd40327298874..d96a7e7c95ecf 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/RemoteStoreRefreshListener.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/RemoteStoreRefreshListener.java
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@
  *
  * @opensearch.internal
  */
-public final class RemoteStoreRefreshListener extends CloseableRetryableRefreshListener {
+public final class RemoteStoreRefreshListener extends ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener {
 
     private final Logger logger;
 
@@ -79,8 +79,6 @@ public final class RemoteStoreRefreshListener extends CloseableRetryableRefreshL
     );
 
     public static final Set<String> EXCLUDE_FILES = Set.of("write.lock");
-    // Visible for testing
-    public static final int LAST_N_METADATA_FILES_TO_KEEP = 10;
 
     private final IndexShard indexShard;
     private final Directory storeDirectory;
@@ -205,7 +203,7 @@ private boolean syncSegments() {
                 // is considered as a first refresh post commit. A cleanup of stale commit files is triggered.
                 // This is done to avoid delete post each refresh.
                 if (isRefreshAfterCommit()) {
-                    remoteDirectory.deleteStaleSegmentsAsync(LAST_N_METADATA_FILES_TO_KEEP);
+                    remoteDirectory.deleteStaleSegmentsAsync(indexShard.getRecoverySettings().getMinRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles());
                 }
 
                 try (GatedCloseable<SegmentInfos> segmentInfosGatedCloseable = indexShard.getSegmentInfosSnapshot()) {
@@ -486,11 +484,10 @@ private void initializeRemoteDirectoryOnTermUpdate() throws IOException {
     /**
      * This checks for readiness of the index shard and primary mode. This has separated from shouldSync since we use the
      * returned value of this method for scheduling retries in syncSegments method.
-     * @return true iff primaryMode is true and index shard is not in closed state.
+     * @return true iff the shard is a started with primary mode true or it is local or snapshot recovery.
      */
     private boolean isReadyForUpload() {
-        boolean isReady = (indexShard.getReplicationTracker().isPrimaryMode() && indexShard.state() != IndexShardState.CLOSED)
-            || isLocalOrSnapshotRecovery();
+        boolean isReady = indexShard.isStartedPrimary() || isLocalOrSnapshotRecovery();
 
         if (isReady == false) {
             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("Skipped syncing segments with");
@@ -503,11 +500,11 @@ private boolean isReadyForUpload() {
             if (indexShard.getEngineOrNull() != null) {
                 sb.append(" engineType=").append(indexShard.getEngine().getClass().getSimpleName());
             }
-            if (isLocalOrSnapshotRecovery() == false) {
+            if (indexShard.recoveryState() != null) {
                 sb.append(" recoverySourceType=").append(indexShard.recoveryState().getRecoverySource().getType());
                 sb.append(" primary=").append(indexShard.shardRouting.primary());
             }
-            logger.trace(sb.toString());
+            logger.info(sb.toString());
         }
         return isReady;
     }
@@ -516,8 +513,8 @@ private boolean isLocalOrSnapshotRecovery() {
         // In this case when the primary mode is false, we need to upload segments to Remote Store
         // This is required in case of snapshots/shrink/ split/clone where we need to durable persist
         // all segments to remote before completing the recovery to ensure durability.
-
         return (indexShard.state() == IndexShardState.RECOVERING && indexShard.shardRouting.primary())
+            && indexShard.recoveryState() != null
             && (indexShard.recoveryState().getRecoverySource().getType() == RecoverySource.Type.LOCAL_SHARDS
                 || indexShard.recoveryState().getRecoverySource().getType() == RecoverySource.Type.SNAPSHOT);
     }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/store/RemoteSegmentStoreDirectory.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/store/RemoteSegmentStoreDirectory.java
index c7d0d5713925f..7b57fabdf1486 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/store/RemoteSegmentStoreDirectory.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/store/RemoteSegmentStoreDirectory.java
@@ -727,6 +727,12 @@ public Map<String, UploadedSegmentMetadata> getSegmentsUploadedToRemoteStore() {
      * @throws IOException in case of I/O error while reading from / writing to remote segment store
      */
     public void deleteStaleSegments(int lastNMetadataFilesToKeep) throws IOException {
+        if (lastNMetadataFilesToKeep == -1) {
+            logger.info(
+                "Stale segment deletion is disabled if cluster.remote_store.index.segment_metadata.retention.max_count is set to -1"
+            );
+            return;
+        }
         List<String> sortedMetadataFileList = remoteMetadataDirectory.listFilesByPrefixInLexicographicOrder(
             MetadataFilenameUtils.METADATA_PREFIX,
             Integer.MAX_VALUE
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/BufferedChecksumStreamInput.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/BufferedChecksumStreamInput.java
index 8c9ccc3b487df..f75f27b7bcb91 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/BufferedChecksumStreamInput.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/BufferedChecksumStreamInput.java
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 package org.opensearch.index.translog;
 
 import org.apache.lucene.store.BufferedChecksum;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.BitUtil;
 import org.opensearch.core.common.io.stream.FilterStreamInput;
 import org.opensearch.core.common.io.stream.StreamInput;
 
@@ -92,22 +93,21 @@ public void readBytes(byte[] b, int offset, int len) throws IOException {
     public short readShort() throws IOException {
         final byte[] buf = buffer.get();
         readBytes(buf, 0, 2);
-        return (short) (((buf[0] & 0xFF) << 8) | (buf[1] & 0xFF));
+        return (short) BitUtil.VH_BE_SHORT.get(buf, 0);
     }
 
     @Override
     public int readInt() throws IOException {
         final byte[] buf = buffer.get();
         readBytes(buf, 0, 4);
-        return ((buf[0] & 0xFF) << 24) | ((buf[1] & 0xFF) << 16) | ((buf[2] & 0xFF) << 8) | (buf[3] & 0xFF);
+        return (int) BitUtil.VH_BE_INT.get(buf, 0);
     }
 
     @Override
     public long readLong() throws IOException {
         final byte[] buf = buffer.get();
         readBytes(buf, 0, 8);
-        return (((long) (((buf[0] & 0xFF) << 24) | ((buf[1] & 0xFF) << 16) | ((buf[2] & 0xFF) << 8) | (buf[3] & 0xFF))) << 32) | ((((buf[4]
-            & 0xFF) << 24) | ((buf[5] & 0xFF) << 16) | ((buf[6] & 0xFF) << 8) | (buf[7] & 0xFF)) & 0xFFFFFFFFL);
+        return (long) BitUtil.VH_BE_LONG.get(buf, 0);
     }
 
     @Override
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/InternalTranslogFactory.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/InternalTranslogFactory.java
index d7be1250c0b5b..415d7dc4d1a9d 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/InternalTranslogFactory.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/InternalTranslogFactory.java
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ public Translog newTranslog(
         LongSupplier globalCheckpointSupplier,
         LongSupplier primaryTermSupplier,
         LongConsumer persistedSequenceNumberConsumer,
-        BooleanSupplier primaryModeSupplier
+        BooleanSupplier startedPrimarySupplier
     ) throws IOException {
 
         return new LocalTranslog(
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/InternalTranslogManager.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/InternalTranslogManager.java
index 4d0fc13d433c6..a22c538286a88 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/InternalTranslogManager.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/InternalTranslogManager.java
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.message.ParameterizedMessage;
 import org.apache.lucene.store.AlreadyClosedException;
+import org.opensearch.common.lease.Releasable;
 import org.opensearch.common.logging.Loggers;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.concurrent.ReleasableLock;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.io.IOUtils;
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ public InternalTranslogManager(
         TranslogEventListener translogEventListener,
         LifecycleAware engineLifeCycleAware,
         TranslogFactory translogFactory,
-        BooleanSupplier primaryModeSupplier
+        BooleanSupplier startedPrimarySupplier
     ) throws IOException {
         this.shardId = shardId;
         this.readLock = readLock;
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ public InternalTranslogManager(
             if (tracker != null) {
                 tracker.markSeqNoAsPersisted(seqNo);
             }
-        }, translogUUID, translogFactory, primaryModeSupplier);
+        }, translogUUID, translogFactory, startedPrimarySupplier);
         assert translog.getGeneration() != null;
         this.translog = translog;
         assert pendingTranslogRecovery.get() == false : "translog recovery can't be pending before we set it";
@@ -301,10 +302,16 @@ public void setMinSeqNoToKeep(long seqNo) {
         translog.setMinSeqNoToKeep(seqNo);
     }
 
+    @Override
     public void onDelete() {
         translog.onDelete();
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public Releasable drainSync() {
+        return translog.drainSync();
+    }
+
     @Override
     public Translog.TranslogGeneration getTranslogGeneration() {
         return translog.getGeneration();
@@ -362,7 +369,7 @@ protected Translog openTranslog(
         LongConsumer persistedSequenceNumberConsumer,
         String translogUUID,
         TranslogFactory translogFactory,
-        BooleanSupplier primaryModeSupplier
+        BooleanSupplier startedPrimarySupplier
     ) throws IOException {
         return translogFactory.newTranslog(
             translogConfig,
@@ -371,7 +378,7 @@ protected Translog openTranslog(
             globalCheckpointSupplier,
             primaryTermSupplier,
             persistedSequenceNumberConsumer,
-            primaryModeSupplier
+            startedPrimarySupplier
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/LocalTranslog.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/LocalTranslog.java
index 22dba3973cfc1..7664631e0ed07 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/LocalTranslog.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/LocalTranslog.java
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 package org.opensearch.index.translog;
 
+import org.opensearch.common.lease.Releasable;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.concurrent.ReleasableLock;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.io.IOUtils;
 
@@ -140,6 +141,11 @@ public TranslogStats stats() {
         }
     }
 
+    @Override
+    Releasable drainSync() {
+        return () -> {}; // noop
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void close() throws IOException {
         assert Translog.calledFromOutsideOrViaTragedyClose()
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/NoOpTranslogManager.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/NoOpTranslogManager.java
index 3e6a8e69edfbb..b4aa7865570a6 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/NoOpTranslogManager.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/NoOpTranslogManager.java
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 package org.opensearch.index.translog;
 
+import org.opensearch.common.lease.Releasable;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.concurrent.ReleasableLock;
 import org.opensearch.core.index.shard.ShardId;
 
@@ -121,8 +122,14 @@ public Translog.Snapshot newChangesSnapshot(long fromSeqNo, long toSeqNo, boolea
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Translog snapshot unsupported with no-op translogs");
     }
 
+    @Override
     public void onDelete() {}
 
+    @Override
+    public Releasable drainSync() {
+        return () -> {};
+    }
+
     @Override
     public Translog.TranslogGeneration getTranslogGeneration() {
         return null;
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/RemoteBlobStoreInternalTranslogFactory.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/RemoteBlobStoreInternalTranslogFactory.java
index 1e2cb388e690e..e100ffaabf13d 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/RemoteBlobStoreInternalTranslogFactory.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/RemoteBlobStoreInternalTranslogFactory.java
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ public Translog newTranslog(
         LongSupplier globalCheckpointSupplier,
         LongSupplier primaryTermSupplier,
         LongConsumer persistedSequenceNumberConsumer,
-        BooleanSupplier primaryModeSupplier
+        BooleanSupplier startedPrimarySupplier
     ) throws IOException {
 
         assert repository instanceof BlobStoreRepository : "repository should be instance of BlobStoreRepository";
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ public Translog newTranslog(
             persistedSequenceNumberConsumer,
             blobStoreRepository,
             threadPool,
-            primaryModeSupplier,
+            startedPrimarySupplier,
             remoteTranslogTransferTracker
         );
     }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/RemoteFsTranslog.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/RemoteFsTranslog.java
index 8fb420e8fa1da..7b969a37e4aa6 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/RemoteFsTranslog.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/RemoteFsTranslog.java
@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@
 package org.opensearch.index.translog;
 
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.service.ClusterService;
 import org.opensearch.common.SetOnce;
 import org.opensearch.common.lease.Releasable;
+import org.opensearch.common.lease.Releasables;
 import org.opensearch.common.logging.Loggers;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.concurrent.ReleasableLock;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.io.IOUtils;
@@ -38,6 +40,9 @@
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.Semaphore;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 import java.util.function.BooleanSupplier;
 import java.util.function.LongConsumer;
 import java.util.function.LongSupplier;
@@ -53,10 +58,9 @@
 public class RemoteFsTranslog extends Translog {
 
     private final Logger logger;
-    private final BlobStoreRepository blobStoreRepository;
     private final TranslogTransferManager translogTransferManager;
     private final FileTransferTracker fileTransferTracker;
-    private final BooleanSupplier primaryModeSupplier;
+    private final BooleanSupplier startedPrimarySupplier;
     private final RemoteTranslogTransferTracker remoteTranslogTransferTracker;
     private volatile long maxRemoteTranslogGenerationUploaded;
 
@@ -75,6 +79,11 @@ public class RemoteFsTranslog extends Translog {
     // Semaphore used to allow only single remote generation to happen at a time
     private final Semaphore remoteGenerationDeletionPermits = new Semaphore(REMOTE_DELETION_PERMITS);
 
+    // These permits exist to allow any inflight background triggered upload.
+    private static final int SYNC_PERMIT = 1;
+    private final Semaphore syncPermit = new Semaphore(SYNC_PERMIT);
+    private final AtomicBoolean pauseSync = new AtomicBoolean(false);
+
     public RemoteFsTranslog(
         TranslogConfig config,
         String translogUUID,
@@ -84,13 +93,12 @@ public RemoteFsTranslog(
         LongConsumer persistedSequenceNumberConsumer,
         BlobStoreRepository blobStoreRepository,
         ThreadPool threadPool,
-        BooleanSupplier primaryModeSupplier,
+        BooleanSupplier startedPrimarySupplier,
         RemoteTranslogTransferTracker remoteTranslogTransferTracker
     ) throws IOException {
         super(config, translogUUID, deletionPolicy, globalCheckpointSupplier, primaryTermSupplier, persistedSequenceNumberConsumer);
         logger = Loggers.getLogger(getClass(), shardId);
-        this.blobStoreRepository = blobStoreRepository;
-        this.primaryModeSupplier = primaryModeSupplier;
+        this.startedPrimarySupplier = startedPrimarySupplier;
         this.remoteTranslogTransferTracker = remoteTranslogTransferTracker;
         fileTransferTracker = new FileTransferTracker(shardId, remoteTranslogTransferTracker);
         this.translogTransferManager = buildTranslogTransferManager(
@@ -267,6 +275,16 @@ public void rollGeneration() throws IOException {
     }
 
     private boolean prepareAndUpload(Long primaryTerm, Long generation) throws IOException {
+        // During primary relocation, both the old and new primary have engine created with RemoteFsTranslog and having
+        // ReplicationTracker.primaryMode() as true. However, before we perform the `internal:index/shard/replication/segments_sync`
+        // action which re-downloads the segments and translog on the new primary. We are ensuring 2 things here -
+        // 1. Using startedPrimarySupplier, we prevent the new primary to do pre-emptive syncs
+        // 2. Using syncPermits, we prevent syncs at the desired time during primary relocation.
+        if (startedPrimarySupplier.getAsBoolean() == false || syncPermit.tryAcquire(SYNC_PERMIT) == false) {
+            logger.debug("skipped uploading translog for {} {} syncPermits={}", primaryTerm, generation, syncPermit.availablePermits());
+            // NO-OP
+            return false;
+        }
         long maxSeqNo = -1;
         try (Releasable ignored = writeLock.acquire()) {
             if (generation == null || generation == current.getGeneration()) {
@@ -316,16 +334,6 @@ private boolean prepareAndUpload(Long primaryTerm, Long generation) throws IOExc
     }
 
     private boolean upload(long primaryTerm, long generation, long maxSeqNo) throws IOException {
-        // During primary relocation (primary-primary peer recovery), both the old and the new primary have engine
-        // created with the RemoteFsTranslog. Both primaries are equipped to upload the translogs. The primary mode check
-        // below ensures that the real primary only is uploading. Before the primary mode is set as true for the new
-        // primary, the engine is reset to InternalEngine which also initialises the RemoteFsTranslog which in turns
-        // downloads all the translogs from remote store and does a flush before the relocation finishes.
-        if (primaryModeSupplier.getAsBoolean() == false) {
-            logger.debug("skipped uploading translog for {} {}", primaryTerm, generation);
-            // NO-OP
-            return true;
-        }
         logger.trace("uploading translog for {} {}", primaryTerm, generation);
         try (
             TranslogCheckpointTransferSnapshot transferSnapshotProvider = new TranslogCheckpointTransferSnapshot.Builder(
@@ -341,6 +349,8 @@ private boolean upload(long primaryTerm, long generation, long maxSeqNo) throws
                 transferSnapshotProvider,
                 new RemoteFsTranslogTransferListener(generation, primaryTerm, maxSeqNo)
             );
+        } finally {
+            syncPermit.release(SYNC_PERMIT);
         }
 
     }
@@ -423,11 +433,39 @@ protected void setMinSeqNoToKeep(long seqNo) {
         this.minSeqNoToKeep = seqNo;
     }
 
+    @Override
+    protected Releasable drainSync() {
+        try {
+            if (syncPermit.tryAcquire(SYNC_PERMIT, 1, TimeUnit.MINUTES)) {
+                boolean result = pauseSync.compareAndSet(false, true);
+                assert result && syncPermit.availablePermits() == 0;
+                logger.info("All inflight remote translog syncs finished and further syncs paused");
+                return Releasables.releaseOnce(() -> {
+                    syncPermit.release(SYNC_PERMIT);
+                    boolean wasSyncPaused = pauseSync.getAndSet(false);
+                    assert syncPermit.availablePermits() == SYNC_PERMIT : "Available permits is " + syncPermit.availablePermits();
+                    assert wasSyncPaused : "RemoteFsTranslog sync was not paused before re-enabling it";
+                    logger.info("Resumed remote translog sync back on relocation failure");
+                });
+            } else {
+                throw new TimeoutException("Timeout while acquiring all permits");
+            }
+        } catch (TimeoutException | InterruptedException e) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to acquire all permits", e);
+        }
+    }
+
     @Override
     public void trimUnreferencedReaders() throws IOException {
         // clean up local translog files and updates readers
         super.trimUnreferencedReaders();
 
+        // This is to ensure that after the permits are acquired during primary relocation, there are no further modification on remote
+        // store.
+        if (startedPrimarySupplier.getAsBoolean() == false || pauseSync.get()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
         // Since remote generation deletion is async, this ensures that only one generation deletion happens at a time.
         // Remote generations involves 2 async operations - 1) Delete translog generation files 2) Delete metadata files
         // We try to acquire 2 permits and if we can not, we return from here itself.
@@ -505,11 +543,7 @@ public static void cleanup(Repository repository, ShardId shardId, ThreadPool th
     }
 
     protected void onDelete() {
-        if (primaryModeSupplier.getAsBoolean() == false) {
-            logger.trace("skipped delete translog");
-            // NO-OP
-            return;
-        }
+        ClusterService.assertClusterOrClusterManagerStateThread();
         // clean up all remote translog files
         translogTransferManager.delete();
     }
@@ -570,4 +604,9 @@ public void onUploadFailed(TransferSnapshot transferSnapshot, Exception ex) thro
     public long getMinUnreferencedSeqNoInSegments(long minUnrefCheckpointInLastCommit) {
         return minSeqNoToKeep;
     }
+
+    // Visible for testing
+    int availablePermits() {
+        return syncPermit.availablePermits();
+    }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/Translog.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/Translog.java
index 8b4662238ed25..9f877e87415dd 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/Translog.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/Translog.java
@@ -1817,6 +1817,11 @@ protected void setMinSeqNoToKeep(long seqNo) {}
 
     protected void onDelete() {}
 
+    /**
+     * Drains ongoing syncs to the underlying store. It returns a releasable which can be closed to resume the syncs back.
+     */
+    abstract Releasable drainSync();
+
     /**
      * deletes all files associated with a reader. package-private to be able to simulate node failures at this point
      */
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/TranslogFactory.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/TranslogFactory.java
index a139b10f563b2..4300435093b5d 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/TranslogFactory.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/TranslogFactory.java
@@ -32,6 +32,6 @@ Translog newTranslog(
         final LongSupplier globalCheckpointSupplier,
         final LongSupplier primaryTermSupplier,
         final LongConsumer persistedSequenceNumberConsumer,
-        final BooleanSupplier primaryModeSupplier
+        final BooleanSupplier startedPrimarySupplier
     ) throws IOException;
 }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/TranslogManager.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/TranslogManager.java
index 4279e0289c1dc..e1a0b7d1c1293 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/TranslogManager.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/TranslogManager.java
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 package org.opensearch.index.translog;
 
 import org.opensearch.common.annotation.PublicApi;
+import org.opensearch.common.lease.Releasable;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
@@ -135,5 +136,10 @@ public interface TranslogManager {
      */
     void onDelete();
 
+    /**
+     * Drains ongoing syncs to the underlying store. It returns a releasable which can be closed to resume the syncs back.
+     */
+    Releasable drainSync();
+
     Translog.TranslogGeneration getTranslogGeneration();
 }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/WriteOnlyTranslogManager.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/WriteOnlyTranslogManager.java
index adeeb213b2913..a7a524ad78e95 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/WriteOnlyTranslogManager.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/WriteOnlyTranslogManager.java
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ public WriteOnlyTranslogManager(
         TranslogEventListener translogEventListener,
         LifecycleAware engineLifecycleAware,
         TranslogFactory translogFactory,
-        BooleanSupplier primaryModeSupplier
+        BooleanSupplier startedPrimarySupplier
     ) throws IOException {
         super(
             translogConfig,
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ public WriteOnlyTranslogManager(
             translogEventListener,
             engineLifecycleAware,
             translogFactory,
-            primaryModeSupplier
+            startedPrimarySupplier
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/recovery/PeerRecoveryTargetService.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/recovery/PeerRecoveryTargetService.java
index 6bfcb8d9fa3d0..4232d32987e86 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/recovery/PeerRecoveryTargetService.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/recovery/PeerRecoveryTargetService.java
@@ -247,7 +247,18 @@ private void doRecovery(final long recoveryId, final StartRecoveryRequest preExi
                     indexShard.prepareForIndexRecovery();
                     final boolean hasRemoteSegmentStore = indexShard.indexSettings().isRemoteStoreEnabled();
                     if (hasRemoteSegmentStore) {
-                        indexShard.syncSegmentsFromRemoteSegmentStore(false, recoveryTarget::setLastAccessTime);
+                        // ToDo: This is a temporary mitigation to not fail the peer recovery flow in case there is
+                        // an exception while downloading segments from remote store. For remote backed indexes, we
+                        // plan to revamp this flow so that node-node segment copy will not happen.
+                        // GitHub Issue to track the revamp: https://github.com/opensearch-project/OpenSearch/issues/11331
+                        try {
+                            indexShard.syncSegmentsFromRemoteSegmentStore(false, recoveryTarget::setLastAccessTime);
+                        } catch (Exception e) {
+                            logger.error(
+                                "Exception while downloading segment files from remote store, will continue with peer to peer segment copy",
+                                e
+                            );
+                        }
                     }
                     final boolean hasRemoteTranslog = recoveryTarget.state().getPrimary() == false && indexShard.isRemoteTranslogEnabled();
                     final boolean hasNoTranslog = indexShard.indexSettings().isRemoteSnapshot();
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/recovery/RecoverySettings.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/recovery/RecoverySettings.java
index d91bfc19ee833..5351ae7fe08dd 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/recovery/RecoverySettings.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/recovery/RecoverySettings.java
@@ -157,6 +157,25 @@ public class RecoverySettings {
         Property.NodeScope
     );
 
+    /**
+     * Controls minimum number of metadata files to keep in remote segment store.
+     * {@code value < 1} will disable deletion of stale segment metadata files.
+     */
+    public static final Setting<Integer> CLUSTER_REMOTE_INDEX_SEGMENT_METADATA_RETENTION_MAX_COUNT_SETTING = Setting.intSetting(
+        "cluster.remote_store.index.segment_metadata.retention.max_count",
+        10,
+        -1,
+        v -> {
+            if (v == 0) {
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    "Value 0 is not allowed for this setting as it would delete all the data from remote segment store"
+                );
+            }
+        },
+        Property.NodeScope,
+        Property.Dynamic
+    );
+
     // choose 512KB-16B to ensure that the resulting byte[] is not a humongous allocation in G1.
     public static final ByteSizeValue DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE = new ByteSizeValue(512 * 1024 - 16, ByteSizeUnit.BYTES);
 
@@ -171,6 +190,7 @@ public class RecoverySettings {
     private volatile TimeValue internalActionTimeout;
     private volatile TimeValue internalActionRetryTimeout;
     private volatile TimeValue internalActionLongTimeout;
+    private volatile int minRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles;
 
     private volatile ByteSizeValue chunkSize = DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE;
 
@@ -212,6 +232,11 @@ public RecoverySettings(Settings settings, ClusterSettings clusterSettings) {
             this::setInternalActionLongTimeout
         );
         clusterSettings.addSettingsUpdateConsumer(INDICES_RECOVERY_ACTIVITY_TIMEOUT_SETTING, this::setActivityTimeout);
+        minRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles = CLUSTER_REMOTE_INDEX_SEGMENT_METADATA_RETENTION_MAX_COUNT_SETTING.get(settings);
+        clusterSettings.addSettingsUpdateConsumer(
+            CLUSTER_REMOTE_INDEX_SEGMENT_METADATA_RETENTION_MAX_COUNT_SETTING,
+            this::setMinRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles
+        );
     }
 
     public RateLimiter rateLimiter() {
@@ -307,4 +332,12 @@ public int getMaxConcurrentRemoteStoreStreams() {
     private void setMaxConcurrentRemoteStoreStreams(int maxConcurrentRemoteStoreStreams) {
         this.maxConcurrentRemoteStoreStreams = maxConcurrentRemoteStoreStreams;
     }
+
+    private void setMinRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles(int minRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles) {
+        this.minRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles = minRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles;
+    }
+
+    public int getMinRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles() {
+        return this.minRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationTargetService.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationTargetService.java
index cb738d74000bc..d6db154a4e0e3 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationTargetService.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationTargetService.java
@@ -15,10 +15,13 @@
 import org.opensearch.ExceptionsHelper;
 import org.opensearch.OpenSearchCorruptionException;
 import org.opensearch.action.support.ChannelActionListener;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.ClusterChangedEvent;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.ClusterStateListener;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.node.DiscoveryNode;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.ShardRouting;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.service.ClusterService;
 import org.opensearch.common.Nullable;
+import org.opensearch.common.lifecycle.AbstractLifecycleComponent;
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.CancellableThreads;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.concurrent.AbstractRunnable;
@@ -26,6 +29,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.core.action.ActionListener;
 import org.opensearch.core.index.shard.ShardId;
 import org.opensearch.core.transport.TransportResponse;
+import org.opensearch.index.IndexService;
 import org.opensearch.index.shard.IndexEventListener;
 import org.opensearch.index.shard.IndexShard;
 import org.opensearch.index.shard.IndexShardState;
@@ -61,7 +65,7 @@
  *
  * @opensearch.internal
  */
-public class SegmentReplicationTargetService implements IndexEventListener {
+public class SegmentReplicationTargetService extends AbstractLifecycleComponent implements ClusterStateListener, IndexEventListener {
 
     private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(SegmentReplicationTargetService.class);
 
@@ -144,6 +148,53 @@ public SegmentReplicationTargetService(
         );
     }
 
+    @Override
+    protected void doStart() {
+        if (DiscoveryNode.isDataNode(clusterService.getSettings())) {
+            clusterService.addListener(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void doStop() {
+        if (DiscoveryNode.isDataNode(clusterService.getSettings())) {
+            clusterService.removeListener(this);
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void doClose() throws IOException {
+
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void clusterChanged(ClusterChangedEvent event) {
+        if (event.routingTableChanged()) {
+            for (IndexService indexService : indicesService) {
+                if (indexService.getIndexSettings().isSegRepEnabled() && event.indexRoutingTableChanged(indexService.index().getName())) {
+                    for (IndexShard shard : indexService) {
+                        if (shard.routingEntry().primary() == false) {
+                            // for this shard look up its primary routing, if it has completed a relocation trigger replication
+                            final String previousNode = event.previousState()
+                                .routingTable()
+                                .shardRoutingTable(shard.shardId())
+                                .primaryShard()
+                                .currentNodeId();
+                            final String currentNode = event.state()
+                                .routingTable()
+                                .shardRoutingTable(shard.shardId())
+                                .primaryShard()
+                                .currentNodeId();
+                            if (previousNode.equals(currentNode) == false) {
+                                processLatestReceivedCheckpoint(shard, Thread.currentThread());
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Cancel any replications on this node for a replica that is about to be closed.
      */
@@ -395,7 +446,7 @@ private DiscoveryNode getPrimaryNode(ShardRouting primaryShard) {
     // visible to tests
     protected boolean processLatestReceivedCheckpoint(IndexShard replicaShard, Thread thread) {
         final ReplicationCheckpoint latestPublishedCheckpoint = latestReceivedCheckpoint.get(replicaShard.shardId());
-        if (latestPublishedCheckpoint != null && latestPublishedCheckpoint.isAheadOf(replicaShard.getLatestReplicationCheckpoint())) {
+        if (latestPublishedCheckpoint != null) {
             logger.trace(
                 () -> new ParameterizedMessage(
                     "Processing latest received checkpoint for shard {} {}",
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/node/Node.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/node/Node.java
index 5e4fbb6d86172..4cbf8dc191a9d 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/node/Node.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/node/Node.java
@@ -898,12 +898,24 @@ protected Node(
 
             final RestController restController = actionModule.getRestController();
 
-            final AdmissionControlService admissionControlService = new AdmissionControlService(
+            final NodeResourceUsageTracker nodeResourceUsageTracker = new NodeResourceUsageTracker(
+                threadPool,
                 settings,
-                clusterService.getClusterSettings(),
+                clusterService.getClusterSettings()
+            );
+            final ResourceUsageCollectorService resourceUsageCollectorService = new ResourceUsageCollectorService(
+                nodeResourceUsageTracker,
+                clusterService,
                 threadPool
             );
 
+            final AdmissionControlService admissionControlService = new AdmissionControlService(
+                settings,
+                clusterService,
+                threadPool,
+                resourceUsageCollectorService
+            );
+
             AdmissionControlTransportInterceptor admissionControlTransportInterceptor = new AdmissionControlTransportInterceptor(
                 admissionControlService
             );
@@ -1105,16 +1117,6 @@ protected Node(
                 transportService.getTaskManager(),
                 taskCancellationMonitoringSettings
             );
-            final NodeResourceUsageTracker nodeResourceUsageTracker = new NodeResourceUsageTracker(
-                threadPool,
-                settings,
-                clusterService.getClusterSettings()
-            );
-            final ResourceUsageCollectorService resourceUsageCollectorService = new ResourceUsageCollectorService(
-                nodeResourceUsageTracker,
-                clusterService,
-                threadPool
-            );
             this.nodeService = new NodeService(
                 settings,
                 threadPool,
@@ -1139,7 +1141,8 @@ protected Node(
                 taskCancellationMonitoringService,
                 resourceUsageCollectorService,
                 segmentReplicationStatsTracker,
-                repositoryService
+                repositoryService,
+                admissionControlService
             );
 
             final SearchService searchService = newSearchService(
@@ -1411,6 +1414,7 @@ public Node start() throws NodeValidationException {
         assert transportService.getLocalNode().equals(localNodeFactory.getNode())
             : "transportService has a different local node than the factory provided";
         injector.getInstance(PeerRecoverySourceService.class).start();
+        injector.getInstance(SegmentReplicationTargetService.class).start();
         injector.getInstance(SegmentReplicationSourceService.class).start();
 
         final RemoteClusterStateService remoteClusterStateService = injector.getInstance(RemoteClusterStateService.class);
@@ -1599,6 +1603,7 @@ public synchronized void close() throws IOException {
         toClose.add(injector.getInstance(IndicesStore.class));
         toClose.add(injector.getInstance(PeerRecoverySourceService.class));
         toClose.add(injector.getInstance(SegmentReplicationSourceService.class));
+        toClose.add(injector.getInstance(SegmentReplicationTargetService.class));
         toClose.add(() -> stopWatch.stop().start("cluster"));
         toClose.add(injector.getInstance(ClusterService.class));
         toClose.add(() -> stopWatch.stop().start("node_connections_service"));
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/node/NodeService.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/node/NodeService.java
index 49dde0b81cac7..15cc8f3d20bb3 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/node/NodeService.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/node/NodeService.java
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.ingest.IngestService;
 import org.opensearch.monitor.MonitorService;
 import org.opensearch.plugins.PluginsService;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.AdmissionControlService;
 import org.opensearch.repositories.RepositoriesService;
 import org.opensearch.script.ScriptService;
 import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.support.AggregationUsageService;
@@ -96,7 +97,7 @@ public class NodeService implements Closeable {
     private final FileCache fileCache;
     private final TaskCancellationMonitoringService taskCancellationMonitoringService;
     private final RepositoriesService repositoriesService;
-
+    private final AdmissionControlService admissionControlService;
     private final SegmentReplicationStatsTracker segmentReplicationStatsTracker;
 
     NodeService(
@@ -123,7 +124,8 @@ public class NodeService implements Closeable {
         TaskCancellationMonitoringService taskCancellationMonitoringService,
         ResourceUsageCollectorService resourceUsageCollectorService,
         SegmentReplicationStatsTracker segmentReplicationStatsTracker,
-        RepositoriesService repositoriesService
+        RepositoriesService repositoriesService,
+        AdmissionControlService admissionControlService
     ) {
         this.settings = settings;
         this.threadPool = threadPool;
@@ -148,6 +150,7 @@ public class NodeService implements Closeable {
         this.taskCancellationMonitoringService = taskCancellationMonitoringService;
         this.resourceUsageCollectorService = resourceUsageCollectorService;
         this.repositoriesService = repositoriesService;
+        this.admissionControlService = admissionControlService;
         clusterService.addStateApplier(ingestService);
         clusterService.addStateApplier(searchPipelineService);
         this.segmentReplicationStatsTracker = segmentReplicationStatsTracker;
@@ -232,7 +235,8 @@ public NodeStats stats(
         boolean searchPipelineStats,
         boolean resourceUsageStats,
         boolean segmentReplicationTrackerStats,
-        boolean repositoriesStats
+        boolean repositoriesStats,
+        boolean admissionControl
     ) {
         // for indices stats we want to include previous allocated shards stats as well (it will
         // only be applied to the sensible ones to use, like refresh/merge/flush/indexing stats)
@@ -263,7 +267,8 @@ public NodeStats stats(
             taskCancellation ? this.taskCancellationMonitoringService.stats() : null,
             searchPipelineStats ? this.searchPipelineService.stats() : null,
             segmentReplicationTrackerStats ? this.segmentReplicationStatsTracker.getTotalRejectionStats() : null,
-            repositoriesStats ? this.repositoriesService.getRepositoriesStats() : null
+            repositoriesStats ? this.repositoriesService.getRepositoriesStats() : null,
+            admissionControl ? this.admissionControlService.stats() : null
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/AdmissionControlService.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/AdmissionControlService.java
index 2cc409b0e4465..adca6992833bd 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/AdmissionControlService.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/AdmissionControlService.java
@@ -10,10 +10,14 @@
 
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
-import org.opensearch.common.settings.ClusterSettings;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.service.ClusterService;
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.opensearch.node.ResourceUsageCollectorService;
 import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers.AdmissionController;
-import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers.CPUBasedAdmissionController;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers.CpuBasedAdmissionController;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.stats.AdmissionControlStats;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.stats.AdmissionControllerStats;
 import org.opensearch.threadpool.ThreadPool;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
@@ -21,7 +25,7 @@
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentMap;
 
-import static org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.settings.CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER;
+import static org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers.CpuBasedAdmissionController.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER;
 
 /**
  * Admission control Service that bootstraps and manages all the Admission Controllers in OpenSearch.
@@ -29,23 +33,31 @@
 public class AdmissionControlService {
     private final ThreadPool threadPool;
     public final AdmissionControlSettings admissionControlSettings;
-    private final ConcurrentMap<String, AdmissionController> ADMISSION_CONTROLLERS;
+    private final ConcurrentMap<String, AdmissionController> admissionControllers;
     private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(AdmissionControlService.class);
-    private final ClusterSettings clusterSettings;
+    private final ClusterService clusterService;
     private final Settings settings;
+    private final ResourceUsageCollectorService resourceUsageCollectorService;
 
     /**
      *
      * @param settings Immutable settings instance
-     * @param clusterSettings ClusterSettings Instance
+     * @param clusterService ClusterService Instance
      * @param threadPool ThreadPool Instance
+     * @param resourceUsageCollectorService Instance used to get node resource usage stats
      */
-    public AdmissionControlService(Settings settings, ClusterSettings clusterSettings, ThreadPool threadPool) {
+    public AdmissionControlService(
+        Settings settings,
+        ClusterService clusterService,
+        ThreadPool threadPool,
+        ResourceUsageCollectorService resourceUsageCollectorService
+    ) {
         this.threadPool = threadPool;
-        this.admissionControlSettings = new AdmissionControlSettings(clusterSettings, settings);
-        this.ADMISSION_CONTROLLERS = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
-        this.clusterSettings = clusterSettings;
+        this.admissionControlSettings = new AdmissionControlSettings(clusterService.getClusterSettings(), settings);
+        this.admissionControllers = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+        this.clusterService = clusterService;
         this.settings = settings;
+        this.resourceUsageCollectorService = resourceUsageCollectorService;
         this.initialise();
     }
 
@@ -58,10 +70,14 @@ private void initialise() {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Handler to trigger registered admissionController
+     *
+     * @param action Transport action name
+     * @param admissionControlActionType admissionControllerActionType value
      */
-    public void applyTransportAdmissionControl(String action) {
-        this.ADMISSION_CONTROLLERS.forEach((name, admissionController) -> { admissionController.apply(action); });
+    public void applyTransportAdmissionControl(String action, AdmissionControlActionType admissionControlActionType) {
+        this.admissionControllers.forEach(
+            (name, admissionController) -> { admissionController.apply(action, admissionControlActionType); }
+        );
     }
 
     /**
@@ -70,7 +86,7 @@ public void applyTransportAdmissionControl(String action) {
      */
     public void registerAdmissionController(String admissionControllerName) {
         AdmissionController admissionController = this.controllerFactory(admissionControllerName);
-        this.ADMISSION_CONTROLLERS.put(admissionControllerName, admissionController);
+        this.admissionControllers.put(admissionControllerName, admissionController);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -79,7 +95,12 @@ public void registerAdmissionController(String admissionControllerName) {
     private AdmissionController controllerFactory(String admissionControllerName) {
         switch (admissionControllerName) {
             case CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER:
-                return new CPUBasedAdmissionController(admissionControllerName, this.settings, this.clusterSettings);
+                return new CpuBasedAdmissionController(
+                    admissionControllerName,
+                    this.resourceUsageCollectorService,
+                    this.clusterService,
+                    this.settings
+                );
             default:
                 throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not Supported AdmissionController : " + admissionControllerName);
         }
@@ -90,7 +111,7 @@ private AdmissionController controllerFactory(String admissionControllerName) {
      * @return list of the registered admissionControllers
      */
     public List<AdmissionController> getAdmissionControllers() {
-        return new ArrayList<>(this.ADMISSION_CONTROLLERS.values());
+        return new ArrayList<>(this.admissionControllers.values());
     }
 
     /**
@@ -99,6 +120,21 @@ public List<AdmissionController> getAdmissionControllers() {
      * @return instance of the AdmissionController Instance
      */
     public AdmissionController getAdmissionController(String controllerName) {
-        return this.ADMISSION_CONTROLLERS.getOrDefault(controllerName, null);
+        return this.admissionControllers.getOrDefault(controllerName, null);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Return admission control stats
+     */
+    public AdmissionControlStats stats() {
+        List<AdmissionControllerStats> statsList = new ArrayList<>();
+        if (this.admissionControllers.size() > 0) {
+            this.admissionControllers.forEach((controllerName, admissionController) -> {
+                AdmissionControllerStats admissionControllerStats = new AdmissionControllerStats(admissionController);
+                statsList.add(admissionControllerStats);
+            });
+            return new AdmissionControlStats(statsList);
+        }
+        return null;
     }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/controllers/AdmissionController.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/controllers/AdmissionController.java
index 00564a9967f31..2246ce34dd399 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/controllers/AdmissionController.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/controllers/AdmissionController.java
@@ -8,8 +8,14 @@
 
 package org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers;
 
+import org.opensearch.cluster.service.ClusterService;
+import org.opensearch.common.util.concurrent.ConcurrentCollections;
+import org.opensearch.node.ResourceUsageCollectorService;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
 import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlMode;
 
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
 
 /**
@@ -19,17 +25,25 @@
  */
 public abstract class AdmissionController {
 
-    private final AtomicLong rejectionCount;
     private final String admissionControllerName;
+    final ResourceUsageCollectorService resourceUsageCollectorService;
+    public final Map<String, AtomicLong> rejectionCountMap;
+    public final ClusterService clusterService;
 
     /**
-     *
-     * @param rejectionCount initialised rejectionCount value for AdmissionController
-     * @param admissionControllerName name of the admissionController
+     * @param admissionControllerName       name of the admissionController
+     * @param resourceUsageCollectorService instance used to get resource usage stats of the node
+     * @param clusterService instance of the clusterService
      */
-    public AdmissionController(AtomicLong rejectionCount, String admissionControllerName) {
-        this.rejectionCount = rejectionCount;
+    public AdmissionController(
+        String admissionControllerName,
+        ResourceUsageCollectorService resourceUsageCollectorService,
+        ClusterService clusterService
+    ) {
         this.admissionControllerName = admissionControllerName;
+        this.resourceUsageCollectorService = resourceUsageCollectorService;
+        this.clusterService = clusterService;
+        this.rejectionCountMap = ConcurrentCollections.newConcurrentMap();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -41,10 +55,17 @@ public boolean isEnabledForTransportLayer(AdmissionControlMode admissionControlM
     }
 
     /**
-     * Increment the tracking-objects and apply the admission control if threshold is breached.
-     * Mostly applicable while applying admission controller
+     *
+     * @return true if admissionController is Enforced Mode else false
+     */
+    public Boolean isAdmissionControllerEnforced(AdmissionControlMode admissionControlMode) {
+        return admissionControlMode == AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply admission control based on the resource usage for an action
      */
-    public abstract void apply(String action);
+    public abstract void apply(String action, AdmissionControlActionType admissionControlActionType);
 
     /**
      * @return name of the admission-controller
@@ -54,17 +75,31 @@ public String getName() {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Adds the rejection count for the controller. Primarily used when copying controller states.
-     * @param count To add the value of the tracking resource object as the provided count
+     * Add rejection count to the rejection count metric tracked by the admission controller
      */
-    public void addRejectionCount(long count) {
-        this.rejectionCount.addAndGet(count);
+    public void addRejectionCount(String admissionControlActionType, long count) {
+        if (!this.rejectionCountMap.containsKey(admissionControlActionType)) {
+            this.rejectionCountMap.put(admissionControlActionType, new AtomicLong(0));
+        }
+        this.rejectionCountMap.get(admissionControlActionType).getAndAdd(count);
     }
 
     /**
      * @return current value of the rejection count metric tracked by the admission-controller.
      */
-    public long getRejectionCount() {
-        return this.rejectionCount.get();
+    public long getRejectionCount(String admissionControlActionType) {
+        if (this.rejectionCountMap.containsKey(admissionControlActionType)) {
+            return this.rejectionCountMap.get(admissionControlActionType).get();
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get rejection stats of the admission controller
+     */
+    public Map<String, Long> getRejectionStats() {
+        Map<String, Long> rejectionStats = new HashMap<>();
+        rejectionCountMap.forEach((actionType, count) -> rejectionStats.put(actionType, count.get()));
+        return rejectionStats;
     }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/controllers/CPUBasedAdmissionController.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/controllers/CPUBasedAdmissionController.java
deleted file mode 100644
index 3a8956b2cce87..0000000000000
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/controllers/CPUBasedAdmissionController.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
- *
- * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
- * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
- * compatible open source license.
- */
-
-package org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers;
-
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
-import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
-import org.opensearch.common.settings.ClusterSettings;
-import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
-import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.settings.CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings;
-
-import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
-
-/**
- *  Class for CPU Based Admission Controller in OpenSearch, which aims to provide CPU utilisation admission control.
- *  It provides methods to apply admission control if configured limit has been reached
- */
-public class CPUBasedAdmissionController extends AdmissionController {
-    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger(CPUBasedAdmissionController.class);
-    public CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings settings;
-
-    /**
-     *
-     * @param admissionControllerName State of the admission controller
-     */
-    public CPUBasedAdmissionController(String admissionControllerName, Settings settings, ClusterSettings clusterSettings) {
-        super(new AtomicLong(0), admissionControllerName);
-        this.settings = new CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings(clusterSettings, settings);
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * This function will take of applying admission controller based on CPU usage
-     * @param action is the transport action
-     */
-    @Override
-    public void apply(String action) {
-        // TODO Will extend this logic further currently just incrementing rejectionCount
-        if (this.isEnabledForTransportLayer(this.settings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode())) {
-            this.applyForTransportLayer(action);
-        }
-    }
-
-    private void applyForTransportLayer(String actionName) {
-        // currently incrementing counts to evaluate the controller triggering as expected and using in testing so limiting to 10
-        // TODO will update rejection logic further in next PR's
-        if (this.getRejectionCount() < 10) {
-            this.addRejectionCount(1);
-        }
-    }
-}
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/controllers/CpuBasedAdmissionController.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/controllers/CpuBasedAdmissionController.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5c180346c05e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/controllers/CpuBasedAdmissionController.java
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers;
+
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
+import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.service.ClusterService;
+import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.opensearch.core.concurrency.OpenSearchRejectedExecutionException;
+import org.opensearch.node.NodeResourceUsageStats;
+import org.opensearch.node.ResourceUsageCollectorService;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.settings.CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings;
+
+import java.util.Locale;
+import java.util.Optional;
+
+/**
+ *  Class for CPU Based Admission Controller in OpenSearch, which aims to provide CPU utilisation admission control.
+ *  It provides methods to apply admission control if configured limit has been reached
+ */
+public class CpuBasedAdmissionController extends AdmissionController {
+    public static final String CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER = "global_cpu_usage";
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LogManager.getLogger(CpuBasedAdmissionController.class);
+    public CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings settings;
+
+    /**
+     * @param admissionControllerName       Name of the admission controller
+     * @param resourceUsageCollectorService Instance used to get node resource usage stats
+     * @param clusterService                ClusterService Instance
+     * @param settings                      Immutable settings instance
+     */
+    public CpuBasedAdmissionController(
+        String admissionControllerName,
+        ResourceUsageCollectorService resourceUsageCollectorService,
+        ClusterService clusterService,
+        Settings settings
+    ) {
+        super(admissionControllerName, resourceUsageCollectorService, clusterService);
+        this.settings = new CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings(clusterService.getClusterSettings(), settings);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply admission control based on process CPU usage
+     * @param action is the transport action
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void apply(String action, AdmissionControlActionType admissionControlActionType) {
+        if (this.isEnabledForTransportLayer(this.settings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode())) {
+            this.applyForTransportLayer(action, admissionControlActionType);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Apply transport layer admission control if configured limit has been reached
+     */
+    private void applyForTransportLayer(String actionName, AdmissionControlActionType admissionControlActionType) {
+        if (isLimitsBreached(actionName, admissionControlActionType)) {
+            this.addRejectionCount(admissionControlActionType.getType(), 1);
+            if (this.isAdmissionControllerEnforced(this.settings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode())) {
+                throw new OpenSearchRejectedExecutionException(
+                    String.format(
+                        Locale.ROOT,
+                        "CPU usage admission controller rejected the request for action [%s] as CPU limit reached",
+                        admissionControlActionType.name()
+                    )
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check if the configured resource usage limits are breached for the action
+     */
+    private boolean isLimitsBreached(String actionName, AdmissionControlActionType admissionControlActionType) {
+        // check if cluster state is ready
+        if (clusterService.state() != null && clusterService.state().nodes() != null) {
+            long maxCpuLimit = this.getCpuRejectionThreshold(admissionControlActionType);
+            Optional<NodeResourceUsageStats> nodePerformanceStatistics = this.resourceUsageCollectorService.getNodeStatistics(
+                this.clusterService.state().nodes().getLocalNodeId()
+            );
+            if (nodePerformanceStatistics.isPresent()) {
+                double cpuUsage = nodePerformanceStatistics.get().getCpuUtilizationPercent();
+                if (cpuUsage >= maxCpuLimit) {
+                    LOGGER.warn(
+                        "CpuBasedAdmissionController limit reached as the current CPU "
+                            + "usage [{}] exceeds the allowed limit [{}] for transport action [{}] in admissionControlMode [{}]",
+                        cpuUsage,
+                        maxCpuLimit,
+                        actionName,
+                        this.settings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode()
+                    );
+                    return true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Get CPU rejection threshold based on action type
+     */
+    private long getCpuRejectionThreshold(AdmissionControlActionType admissionControlActionType) {
+        switch (admissionControlActionType) {
+            case SEARCH:
+                return this.settings.getSearchCPULimit();
+            case INDEXING:
+                return this.settings.getIndexingCPULimit();
+            default:
+                throw new IllegalArgumentException(
+                    String.format(
+                        Locale.ROOT,
+                        "Admission control not Supported for AdmissionControlActionType: %s",
+                        admissionControlActionType.getType()
+                    )
+                );
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/enums/TransportActionType.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/enums/AdmissionControlActionType.java
similarity index 85%
rename from server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/enums/TransportActionType.java
rename to server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/enums/AdmissionControlActionType.java
index f2fdca0cfe49b..8cf6e973ceb64 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/enums/TransportActionType.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/enums/AdmissionControlActionType.java
@@ -13,13 +13,13 @@
 /**
  * Enums that defines the type of the transport requests
  */
-public enum TransportActionType {
+public enum AdmissionControlActionType {
     INDEXING("indexing"),
     SEARCH("search");
 
     private final String type;
 
-    TransportActionType(String uriType) {
+    AdmissionControlActionType(String uriType) {
         this.type = uriType;
     }
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ public String getType() {
         return type;
     }
 
-    public static TransportActionType fromName(String name) {
+    public static AdmissionControlActionType fromName(String name) {
         name = name.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
         switch (name) {
             case "indexing":
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/settings/CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/settings/CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.java
similarity index 82%
rename from server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/settings/CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.java
rename to server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/settings/CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.java
index 141e9b68db145..1bddd1446a4c4 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/settings/CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/settings/CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.java
@@ -14,29 +14,22 @@
 import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.AdmissionControlSettings;
 import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlMode;
 
-import java.util.Arrays;
-import java.util.List;
-
 /**
  * Settings related to cpu based admission controller.
  * @opensearch.internal
  */
-public class CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings {
-    public static final String CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER = "global_cpu_usage";
+public class CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings {
 
     /**
-     * Default parameters for the CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings
+     * Default parameters for the CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings
      */
     public static class Defaults {
-        public static final long CPU_USAGE = 95;
-        public static List<String> TRANSPORT_LAYER_DEFAULT_URI_TYPE = Arrays.asList("indexing", "search");
+        public static final long CPU_USAGE_LIMIT = 95;
     }
 
     private AdmissionControlMode transportLayerMode;
     private Long searchCPULimit;
     private Long indexingCPULimit;
-
-    private final List<String> transportActionsList;
     /**
      * Feature level setting to operate in shadow-mode or in enforced-mode. If enforced field is set
      * rejection will be performed, otherwise only rejection metrics will be populated.
@@ -54,7 +47,7 @@ public static class Defaults {
      */
     public static final Setting<Long> SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT = Setting.longSetting(
         "admission_control.search.cpu_usage.limit",
-        Defaults.CPU_USAGE,
+        Defaults.CPU_USAGE_LIMIT,
         Setting.Property.Dynamic,
         Setting.Property.NodeScope
     );
@@ -64,18 +57,17 @@ public static class Defaults {
      */
     public static final Setting<Long> INDEXING_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT = Setting.longSetting(
         "admission_control.indexing.cpu_usage.limit",
-        Defaults.CPU_USAGE,
+        Defaults.CPU_USAGE_LIMIT,
         Setting.Property.Dynamic,
         Setting.Property.NodeScope
     );
 
     // currently limited to one setting will add further more settings in follow-up PR's
-    public CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings(ClusterSettings clusterSettings, Settings settings) {
+    public CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings(ClusterSettings clusterSettings, Settings settings) {
         this.transportLayerMode = CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.get(settings);
         clusterSettings.addSettingsUpdateConsumer(CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE, this::setTransportLayerMode);
         this.searchCPULimit = SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.get(settings);
         this.indexingCPULimit = INDEXING_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.get(settings);
-        this.transportActionsList = Defaults.TRANSPORT_LAYER_DEFAULT_URI_TYPE;
         clusterSettings.addSettingsUpdateConsumer(INDEXING_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT, this::setIndexingCPULimit);
         clusterSettings.addSettingsUpdateConsumer(SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT, this::setSearchCPULimit);
     }
@@ -103,8 +95,4 @@ public void setIndexingCPULimit(Long indexingCPULimit) {
     public void setSearchCPULimit(Long searchCPULimit) {
         this.searchCPULimit = searchCPULimit;
     }
-
-    public List<String> getTransportActionsList() {
-        return transportActionsList;
-    }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/stats/AdmissionControlStats.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/stats/AdmissionControlStats.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..39909c571c63e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/stats/AdmissionControlStats.java
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.stats;
+
+import org.opensearch.core.common.io.stream.StreamInput;
+import org.opensearch.core.common.io.stream.StreamOutput;
+import org.opensearch.core.common.io.stream.Writeable;
+import org.opensearch.core.xcontent.ToXContentFragment;
+import org.opensearch.core.xcontent.XContentBuilder;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.List;
+
+/**
+ * Class for admission control stats used as part of node stats
+ * @opensearch.internal
+ */
+public class AdmissionControlStats implements ToXContentFragment, Writeable {
+
+    private final List<AdmissionControllerStats> admissionControllerStatsList;
+
+    /**
+     *
+     * @param admissionControllerStatsList list of admissionControllerStats
+     */
+    public AdmissionControlStats(List<AdmissionControllerStats> admissionControllerStatsList) {
+        this.admissionControllerStatsList = admissionControllerStatsList;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     *
+     * @param in the stream to read from
+     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
+     */
+    public AdmissionControlStats(StreamInput in) throws IOException {
+        this.admissionControllerStatsList = in.readList(AdmissionControllerStats::new);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write this into the {@linkplain StreamOutput}.
+     *
+     * @param out the output stream to write entity content to
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(StreamOutput out) throws IOException {
+        out.writeList(this.admissionControllerStatsList);
+    }
+
+    public List<AdmissionControllerStats> getAdmissionControllerStatsList() {
+        return admissionControllerStatsList;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public XContentBuilder toXContent(XContentBuilder builder, Params params) throws IOException {
+        builder.startObject("admission_control");
+        for (AdmissionControllerStats admissionControllerStats : this.admissionControllerStatsList) {
+            builder.field(admissionControllerStats.getAdmissionControllerName(), admissionControllerStats);
+        }
+        return builder.endObject();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/stats/AdmissionControllerStats.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/stats/AdmissionControllerStats.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3895cac3eaa07
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/stats/AdmissionControllerStats.java
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.stats;
+
+import org.opensearch.core.common.io.stream.StreamInput;
+import org.opensearch.core.common.io.stream.StreamOutput;
+import org.opensearch.core.common.io.stream.Writeable;
+import org.opensearch.core.xcontent.ToXContentFragment;
+import org.opensearch.core.xcontent.XContentBuilder;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers.AdmissionController;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * Class for admission controller ( such as CPU ) stats which includes rejection count for each action type
+ * @opensearch.internal
+ */
+public class AdmissionControllerStats implements Writeable, ToXContentFragment {
+    public Map<String, Long> rejectionCount;
+    public String admissionControllerName;
+
+    public AdmissionControllerStats(AdmissionController admissionController) {
+        this.rejectionCount = admissionController.getRejectionStats();
+        this.admissionControllerName = admissionController.getName();
+    }
+
+    public AdmissionControllerStats(StreamInput in) throws IOException {
+        this.rejectionCount = in.readMap(StreamInput::readString, StreamInput::readLong);
+        this.admissionControllerName = in.readString();
+    }
+
+    public String getAdmissionControllerName() {
+        return admissionControllerName;
+    }
+
+    public Map<String, Long> getRejectionCount() {
+        return rejectionCount;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes this instance into a {@link StreamOutput}
+     * @param out the {@link StreamOutput} to write to
+     * @throws IOException if an error occurs while writing to the StreamOutput
+     */
+    @Override
+    public void writeTo(StreamOutput out) throws IOException {
+        out.writeMap(this.rejectionCount, StreamOutput::writeString, StreamOutput::writeLong);
+        out.writeString(this.admissionControllerName);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public XContentBuilder toXContent(XContentBuilder builder, Params params) throws IOException {
+        builder.startObject();
+        builder.startObject("transport");
+        {
+            builder.startObject("rejection_count");
+            {
+                for (Map.Entry<String, Long> rejectionCountEntry : this.rejectionCount.entrySet()) {
+                    builder.field(rejectionCountEntry.getKey(), rejectionCountEntry.getValue());
+                }
+            }
+            builder.endObject();
+        }
+        builder.endObject();
+        return builder.endObject();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/stats/package-info.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/stats/package-info.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7c96dcd569d64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/stats/package-info.java
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+/**
+ * This package contains stats related classes for the admissionController Feature
+ */
+package org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.stats;
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/transport/AdmissionControlTransportHandler.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/transport/AdmissionControlTransportHandler.java
index 7d0f5fbc17a51..1e8f309234f90 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/transport/AdmissionControlTransportHandler.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/transport/AdmissionControlTransportHandler.java
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
 import org.opensearch.core.concurrency.OpenSearchRejectedExecutionException;
 import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.AdmissionControlService;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
 import org.opensearch.tasks.Task;
 import org.opensearch.transport.TransportChannel;
 import org.opensearch.transport.TransportRequest;
@@ -28,18 +29,21 @@ public class AdmissionControlTransportHandler<T extends TransportRequest> implem
     protected final Logger log = LogManager.getLogger(this.getClass());
     AdmissionControlService admissionControlService;
     boolean forceExecution;
+    AdmissionControlActionType admissionControlActionType;
 
     public AdmissionControlTransportHandler(
         String action,
         TransportRequestHandler<T> actualHandler,
         AdmissionControlService admissionControlService,
-        boolean forceExecution
+        boolean forceExecution,
+        AdmissionControlActionType admissionControlActionType
     ) {
         super();
         this.action = action;
         this.actualHandler = actualHandler;
         this.admissionControlService = admissionControlService;
         this.forceExecution = forceExecution;
+        this.admissionControlActionType = admissionControlActionType;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -50,15 +54,16 @@ public AdmissionControlTransportHandler(
      */
     @Override
     public void messageReceived(T request, TransportChannel channel, Task task) throws Exception {
-        // intercept all the transport requests here and apply admission control
-        try {
-            // TODO Need to evaluate if we need to apply admission control or not if force Execution is true will update in next PR.
-            this.admissionControlService.applyTransportAdmissionControl(this.action);
-        } catch (final OpenSearchRejectedExecutionException openSearchRejectedExecutionException) {
-            log.warn(openSearchRejectedExecutionException.getMessage());
-            channel.sendResponse(openSearchRejectedExecutionException);
-        } catch (final Exception e) {
-            throw e;
+        // skip admission control if force execution is true
+        if (!this.forceExecution) {
+            // intercept the transport requests here and apply admission control
+            try {
+                this.admissionControlService.applyTransportAdmissionControl(this.action, this.admissionControlActionType);
+            } catch (final OpenSearchRejectedExecutionException openSearchRejectedExecutionException) {
+                log.warn(openSearchRejectedExecutionException.getMessage());
+                channel.sendResponse(openSearchRejectedExecutionException);
+                return;
+            }
         }
         actualHandler.messageReceived(request, channel, task);
     }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/transport/AdmissionControlTransportInterceptor.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/transport/AdmissionControlTransportInterceptor.java
index 01cfcbd780006..ae1520bca769d 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/transport/AdmissionControlTransportInterceptor.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/transport/AdmissionControlTransportInterceptor.java
@@ -9,12 +9,13 @@
 package org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.transport;
 
 import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.AdmissionControlService;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
 import org.opensearch.transport.TransportInterceptor;
 import org.opensearch.transport.TransportRequest;
 import org.opensearch.transport.TransportRequestHandler;
 
 /**
- * This class allows throttling to intercept requests on both the sender and the receiver side.
+ * This class allows throttling by intercepting requests on both the sender and the receiver side.
  */
 public class AdmissionControlTransportInterceptor implements TransportInterceptor {
 
@@ -33,8 +34,15 @@ public <T extends TransportRequest> TransportRequestHandler<T> interceptHandler(
         String action,
         String executor,
         boolean forceExecution,
-        TransportRequestHandler<T> actualHandler
+        TransportRequestHandler<T> actualHandler,
+        AdmissionControlActionType admissionControlActionType
     ) {
-        return new AdmissionControlTransportHandler<>(action, actualHandler, this.admissionControlService, forceExecution);
+        return new AdmissionControlTransportHandler<>(
+            action,
+            actualHandler,
+            this.admissionControlService,
+            forceExecution,
+            admissionControlActionType
+        );
     }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/aggregations/bucket/histogram/AutoDateHistogramAggregator.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/aggregations/bucket/histogram/AutoDateHistogramAggregator.java
index b4f1e78f77aaf..a71c15d551927 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/aggregations/bucket/histogram/AutoDateHistogramAggregator.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/aggregations/bucket/histogram/AutoDateHistogramAggregator.java
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
 import org.apache.lucene.index.LeafReaderContext;
 import org.apache.lucene.index.SortedNumericDocValues;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreMode;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.Weight;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.CollectionUtil;
 import org.opensearch.common.Rounding;
 import org.opensearch.common.Rounding.Prepared;
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.common.util.IntArray;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.LongArray;
 import org.opensearch.core.common.util.ByteArray;
+import org.opensearch.index.mapper.DateFieldMapper;
 import org.opensearch.search.DocValueFormat;
 import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.Aggregator;
 import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.AggregatorFactories;
@@ -125,9 +127,13 @@ static AutoDateHistogramAggregator build(
      * {@link MergingBucketsDeferringCollector#mergeBuckets(long[])}.
      */
     private MergingBucketsDeferringCollector deferringCollector;
+    private final Weight[] filters;
+    private final DateFieldMapper.DateFieldType fieldType;
 
     protected final RoundingInfo[] roundingInfos;
     protected final int targetBuckets;
+    protected int roundingIdx;
+    protected Rounding.Prepared preparedRounding;
 
     private AutoDateHistogramAggregator(
         String name,
@@ -148,8 +154,51 @@ private AutoDateHistogramAggregator(
         this.formatter = valuesSourceConfig.format();
         this.roundingInfos = roundingInfos;
         this.roundingPreparer = roundingPreparer;
+        this.preparedRounding = prepareRounding(0);
+
+        FilterRewriteHelper.FilterContext filterContext = FilterRewriteHelper.buildFastFilterContext(
+            parent(),
+            subAggregators.length,
+            context,
+            b -> getMinimumRounding(b[0], b[1]),
+            // Passing prepared rounding as supplier to ensure the correct prepared
+            // rounding is set as it is done during getMinimumRounding
+            () -> preparedRounding,
+            valuesSourceConfig,
+            fc -> FilterRewriteHelper.getAggregationBounds(context, fc.field())
+        );
+        if (filterContext != null) {
+            fieldType = filterContext.fieldType;
+            filters = filterContext.filters;
+        } else {
+            fieldType = null;
+            filters = null;
+        }
     }
 
+    private Rounding getMinimumRounding(final long low, final long high) {
+        // max - min / targetBuckets = bestDuration
+        // find the right innerInterval this bestDuration belongs to
+        // since we cannot exceed targetBuckets, bestDuration should go up,
+        // so the right innerInterval should be an upper bound
+        long bestDuration = (high - low) / targetBuckets;
+        while (roundingIdx < roundingInfos.length - 1) {
+            final RoundingInfo curRoundingInfo = roundingInfos[roundingIdx];
+            final int temp = curRoundingInfo.innerIntervals[curRoundingInfo.innerIntervals.length - 1];
+            // If the interval duration is covered by the maximum inner interval,
+            // we can start with this outer interval for creating the buckets
+            if (bestDuration <= temp * curRoundingInfo.roughEstimateDurationMillis) {
+                break;
+            }
+            roundingIdx++;
+        }
+
+        preparedRounding = prepareRounding(roundingIdx);
+        return roundingInfos[roundingIdx].rounding;
+    }
+
+    protected abstract LongKeyedBucketOrds getBucketOrds();
+
     @Override
     public final ScoreMode scoreMode() {
         if (valuesSource != null && valuesSource.needsScores()) {
@@ -176,7 +225,32 @@ public final LeafBucketCollector getLeafCollector(LeafReaderContext ctx, LeafBuc
         if (valuesSource == null) {
             return LeafBucketCollector.NO_OP_COLLECTOR;
         }
-        return getLeafCollector(valuesSource.longValues(ctx), sub);
+
+        final SortedNumericDocValues values = valuesSource.longValues(ctx);
+        final LeafBucketCollector iteratingCollector = getLeafCollector(values, sub);
+
+        // Need to be declared as final and array for usage within the
+        // LeafBucketCollectorBase subclass below
+        final boolean[] useOpt = new boolean[1];
+        useOpt[0] = filters != null;
+
+        return new LeafBucketCollectorBase(sub, values) {
+            @Override
+            public void collect(int doc, long owningBucketOrd) throws IOException {
+                // Try fast filter aggregation if the filters have been created
+                // Skip if tried before and gave incorrect/incomplete results
+                if (useOpt[0]) {
+                    useOpt[0] = FilterRewriteHelper.tryFastFilterAggregation(ctx, filters, fieldType, (key, count) -> {
+                        incrementBucketDocCount(
+                            FilterRewriteHelper.getBucketOrd(getBucketOrds().add(owningBucketOrd, preparedRounding.round(key))),
+                            count
+                        );
+                    });
+                }
+
+                iteratingCollector.collect(doc, owningBucketOrd);
+            }
+        };
     }
 
     protected final InternalAggregation[] buildAggregations(
@@ -247,8 +321,6 @@ protected final void merge(long[] mergeMap, long newNumBuckets) {
      * @opensearch.internal
      */
     private static class FromSingle extends AutoDateHistogramAggregator {
-        private int roundingIdx;
-        private Rounding.Prepared preparedRounding;
         /**
          * Map from value to bucket ordinals.
          * <p>
@@ -286,10 +358,14 @@ private static class FromSingle extends AutoDateHistogramAggregator {
                 metadata
             );
 
-            preparedRounding = prepareRounding(0);
             bucketOrds = new LongKeyedBucketOrds.FromSingle(context.bigArrays());
         }
 
+        @Override
+        protected LongKeyedBucketOrds getBucketOrds() {
+            return bucketOrds;
+        }
+
         @Override
         protected LeafBucketCollector getLeafCollector(SortedNumericDocValues values, LeafBucketCollector sub) throws IOException {
             return new LeafBucketCollectorBase(sub, values) {
@@ -507,6 +583,11 @@ private static class FromMany extends AutoDateHistogramAggregator {
             liveBucketCountUnderestimate = context.bigArrays().newIntArray(1, true);
         }
 
+        @Override
+        protected LongKeyedBucketOrds getBucketOrds() {
+            return bucketOrds;
+        }
+
         @Override
         protected LeafBucketCollector getLeafCollector(SortedNumericDocValues values, LeafBucketCollector sub) throws IOException {
             return new LeafBucketCollectorBase(sub, values) {
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/aggregations/bucket/histogram/DateHistogramAggregator.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/aggregations/bucket/histogram/DateHistogramAggregator.java
index f602eea7a9b12..8437e1dce9fe0 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/aggregations/bucket/histogram/DateHistogramAggregator.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/aggregations/bucket/histogram/DateHistogramAggregator.java
@@ -34,10 +34,12 @@
 import org.apache.lucene.index.LeafReaderContext;
 import org.apache.lucene.index.SortedNumericDocValues;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreMode;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.Weight;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.CollectionUtil;
 import org.opensearch.common.Nullable;
 import org.opensearch.common.Rounding;
 import org.opensearch.common.lease.Releasables;
+import org.opensearch.index.mapper.DateFieldMapper;
 import org.opensearch.search.DocValueFormat;
 import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.Aggregator;
 import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.AggregatorFactories;
@@ -48,6 +50,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.LeafBucketCollectorBase;
 import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.bucket.BucketsAggregator;
 import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.bucket.terms.LongKeyedBucketOrds;
+import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.support.FieldContext;
 import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.support.ValuesSource;
 import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.support.ValuesSourceConfig;
 import org.opensearch.search.internal.SearchContext;
@@ -66,7 +69,6 @@
  * @opensearch.internal
  */
 class DateHistogramAggregator extends BucketsAggregator implements SizedBucketAggregator {
-
     private final ValuesSource.Numeric valuesSource;
     private final DocValueFormat formatter;
     private final Rounding rounding;
@@ -76,12 +78,12 @@ class DateHistogramAggregator extends BucketsAggregator implements SizedBucketAg
     private final Rounding.Prepared preparedRounding;
     private final BucketOrder order;
     private final boolean keyed;
-
     private final long minDocCount;
     private final LongBounds extendedBounds;
     private final LongBounds hardBounds;
-
+    private final Weight[] filters;
     private final LongKeyedBucketOrds bucketOrds;
+    private final DateFieldMapper.DateFieldType fieldType;
 
     DateHistogramAggregator(
         String name,
@@ -99,7 +101,6 @@ class DateHistogramAggregator extends BucketsAggregator implements SizedBucketAg
         CardinalityUpperBound cardinality,
         Map<String, Object> metadata
     ) throws IOException {
-
         super(name, factories, aggregationContext, parent, CardinalityUpperBound.MANY, metadata);
         this.rounding = rounding;
         this.preparedRounding = preparedRounding;
@@ -114,6 +115,35 @@ class DateHistogramAggregator extends BucketsAggregator implements SizedBucketAg
         this.formatter = valuesSourceConfig.format();
 
         bucketOrds = LongKeyedBucketOrds.build(context.bigArrays(), cardinality);
+
+        FilterRewriteHelper.FilterContext filterContext = FilterRewriteHelper.buildFastFilterContext(
+            parent,
+            subAggregators.length,
+            context,
+            x -> rounding,
+            () -> preparedRounding,
+            valuesSourceConfig,
+            this::computeBounds
+        );
+        if (filterContext != null) {
+            fieldType = filterContext.fieldType;
+            filters = filterContext.filters;
+        } else {
+            filters = null;
+            fieldType = null;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private long[] computeBounds(final FieldContext fieldContext) throws IOException {
+        final long[] bounds = FilterRewriteHelper.getAggregationBounds(context, fieldContext.field());
+        if (bounds != null) {
+            // Update min/max limit if user specified any hard bounds
+            if (hardBounds != null) {
+                bounds[0] = Math.max(bounds[0], hardBounds.getMin());
+                bounds[1] = Math.min(bounds[1], hardBounds.getMax() - 1); // hard bounds max is exclusive
+            }
+        }
+        return bounds;
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -129,10 +159,27 @@ public LeafBucketCollector getLeafCollector(LeafReaderContext ctx, LeafBucketCol
         if (valuesSource == null) {
             return LeafBucketCollector.NO_OP_COLLECTOR;
         }
+
+        // Need to be declared as final and array for usage within the
+        // LeafBucketCollectorBase subclass below
+        final boolean[] useOpt = new boolean[1];
+        useOpt[0] = filters != null;
+
         SortedNumericDocValues values = valuesSource.longValues(ctx);
         return new LeafBucketCollectorBase(sub, values) {
             @Override
             public void collect(int doc, long owningBucketOrd) throws IOException {
+                // Try fast filter aggregation if the filters have been created
+                // Skip if tried before and gave incorrect/incomplete results
+                if (useOpt[0]) {
+                    useOpt[0] = FilterRewriteHelper.tryFastFilterAggregation(ctx, filters, fieldType, (key, count) -> {
+                        incrementBucketDocCount(
+                            FilterRewriteHelper.getBucketOrd(bucketOrds.add(owningBucketOrd, preparedRounding.round(key))),
+                            count
+                        );
+                    });
+                }
+
                 if (values.advanceExact(doc)) {
                     int valuesCount = values.docValueCount();
 
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/aggregations/bucket/histogram/FilterRewriteHelper.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/aggregations/bucket/histogram/FilterRewriteHelper.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..29cecd5b382cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/aggregations/bucket/histogram/FilterRewriteHelper.java
@@ -0,0 +1,259 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.search.aggregations.bucket.histogram;
+
+import org.apache.lucene.index.LeafReaderContext;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.PointValues;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.CollectionTerminatedException;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.ConstantScoreQuery;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexOrDocValuesQuery;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.MatchAllDocsQuery;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.PointRangeQuery;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreMode;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.Weight;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.NumericUtils;
+import org.opensearch.common.CheckedFunction;
+import org.opensearch.common.Rounding;
+import org.opensearch.common.lucene.search.function.FunctionScoreQuery;
+import org.opensearch.index.mapper.DateFieldMapper;
+import org.opensearch.index.query.DateRangeIncludingNowQuery;
+import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.support.FieldContext;
+import org.opensearch.search.aggregations.support.ValuesSourceConfig;
+import org.opensearch.search.internal.SearchContext;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Map;
+import java.util.OptionalLong;
+import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
+import java.util.function.Function;
+import java.util.function.Supplier;
+
+/**
+ * Helpers functions to rewrite and optimize aggregations using
+ * range filter queries
+ *
+ * @opensearch.internal
+ */
+public class FilterRewriteHelper {
+
+    static class FilterContext {
+        final DateFieldMapper.DateFieldType fieldType;
+        final Weight[] filters;
+
+        public FilterContext(DateFieldMapper.DateFieldType fieldType, Weight[] filters) {
+            this.fieldType = fieldType;
+            this.filters = filters;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static final int MAX_NUM_FILTER_BUCKETS = 1024;
+    private static final Map<Class<?>, Function<Query, Query>> queryWrappers;
+
+    // Initialize the wrappers map for unwrapping the query
+    static {
+        queryWrappers = new HashMap<>();
+        queryWrappers.put(ConstantScoreQuery.class, q -> ((ConstantScoreQuery) q).getQuery());
+        queryWrappers.put(FunctionScoreQuery.class, q -> ((FunctionScoreQuery) q).getSubQuery());
+        queryWrappers.put(DateRangeIncludingNowQuery.class, q -> ((DateRangeIncludingNowQuery) q).getQuery());
+        queryWrappers.put(IndexOrDocValuesQuery.class, q -> ((IndexOrDocValuesQuery) q).getIndexQuery());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Recursively unwraps query into the concrete form
+     * for applying the optimization
+     */
+    private static Query unwrapIntoConcreteQuery(Query query) {
+        while (queryWrappers.containsKey(query.getClass())) {
+            query = queryWrappers.get(query.getClass()).apply(query);
+        }
+
+        return query;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Finds the min and max bounds for segments within the passed search context
+     */
+    private static long[] getIndexBoundsFromLeaves(final SearchContext context, final String fieldName) throws IOException {
+        final List<LeafReaderContext> leaves = context.searcher().getIndexReader().leaves();
+        long min = Long.MAX_VALUE, max = Long.MIN_VALUE;
+        // Since the query does not specify bounds for aggregation, we can
+        // build the global min/max from local min/max within each segment
+        for (LeafReaderContext leaf : leaves) {
+            final PointValues values = leaf.reader().getPointValues(fieldName);
+            if (values != null) {
+                min = Math.min(min, NumericUtils.sortableBytesToLong(values.getMinPackedValue(), 0));
+                max = Math.max(max, NumericUtils.sortableBytesToLong(values.getMaxPackedValue(), 0));
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (min == Long.MAX_VALUE || max == Long.MIN_VALUE) return null;
+
+        return new long[] { min, max };
+    }
+
+    static long[] getAggregationBounds(final SearchContext context, final String fieldName) throws IOException {
+        final Query cq = unwrapIntoConcreteQuery(context.query());
+        final long[] indexBounds = getIndexBoundsFromLeaves(context, fieldName);
+        if (cq instanceof PointRangeQuery) {
+            final PointRangeQuery prq = (PointRangeQuery) cq;
+            // Ensure that the query and aggregation are on the same field
+            if (prq.getField().equals(fieldName)) {
+                return new long[] {
+                    // Minimum bound for aggregation is the max between query and global
+                    Math.max(NumericUtils.sortableBytesToLong(prq.getLowerPoint(), 0), indexBounds[0]),
+                    // Maximum bound for aggregation is the min between query and global
+                    Math.min(NumericUtils.sortableBytesToLong(prq.getUpperPoint(), 0), indexBounds[1]) };
+            }
+        } else if (cq instanceof MatchAllDocsQuery) {
+            return indexBounds;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates the range query filters for aggregations using the interval, min/max
+     * bounds and the rounding values
+     */
+    private static Weight[] createFilterForAggregations(
+        final SearchContext context,
+        final Rounding rounding,
+        final Rounding.Prepared preparedRounding,
+        final String field,
+        final DateFieldMapper.DateFieldType fieldType,
+        final long low,
+        final long high
+    ) throws IOException {
+        final OptionalLong intervalOpt = Rounding.getInterval(rounding);
+        if (intervalOpt.isEmpty()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        final long interval = intervalOpt.getAsLong();
+        // Calculate the number of buckets using range and interval
+        long roundedLow = preparedRounding.round(fieldType.convertNanosToMillis(low));
+        long prevRounded = roundedLow;
+        int bucketCount = 0;
+        while (roundedLow <= fieldType.convertNanosToMillis(high)) {
+            bucketCount++;
+            // Below rounding is needed as the interval could return in
+            // non-rounded values for something like calendar month
+            roundedLow = preparedRounding.round(roundedLow + interval);
+            if (prevRounded == roundedLow) break;
+            prevRounded = roundedLow;
+        }
+
+        Weight[] filters = null;
+        if (bucketCount > 0 && bucketCount <= MAX_NUM_FILTER_BUCKETS) {
+            int i = 0;
+            filters = new Weight[bucketCount];
+            roundedLow = preparedRounding.round(fieldType.convertNanosToMillis(low));
+            while (i < bucketCount) {
+                // Calculate the lower bucket bound
+                final byte[] lower = new byte[8];
+                NumericUtils.longToSortableBytes(i == 0 ? low : fieldType.convertRoundedMillisToNanos(roundedLow), lower, 0);
+                // Calculate the upper bucket bound
+                final byte[] upper = new byte[8];
+                roundedLow = preparedRounding.round(roundedLow + interval);
+                // Subtract -1 if the minimum is roundedLow as roundedLow itself
+                // is included in the next bucket
+                NumericUtils.longToSortableBytes(
+                    i + 1 == bucketCount ? high : fieldType.convertRoundedMillisToNanos(roundedLow) - 1,
+                    upper,
+                    0
+                );
+                filters[i++] = context.searcher().createWeight(new PointRangeQuery(field, lower, upper, 1) {
+                    @Override
+                    protected String toString(int dimension, byte[] value) {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                }, ScoreMode.COMPLETE_NO_SCORES, 1);
+            }
+        }
+
+        return filters;
+    }
+
+    static FilterContext buildFastFilterContext(
+        final Object parent,
+        final int subAggLength,
+        SearchContext context,
+        Function<long[], Rounding> roundingFunction,
+        Supplier<Rounding.Prepared> preparedRoundingSupplier,
+        ValuesSourceConfig valuesSourceConfig,
+        CheckedFunction<FieldContext, long[], IOException> computeBounds
+    ) throws IOException {
+        // Create the filters for fast aggregation only if the query is instance
+        // of point range query and there aren't any parent/sub aggregations
+        if (parent == null && subAggLength == 0 && valuesSourceConfig.missing() == null && valuesSourceConfig.script() == null) {
+            final FieldContext fieldContext = valuesSourceConfig.fieldContext();
+            if (fieldContext != null) {
+                final String fieldName = fieldContext.field();
+                final long[] bounds = computeBounds.apply(fieldContext);
+                if (bounds != null) {
+                    assert fieldContext.fieldType() instanceof DateFieldMapper.DateFieldType;
+                    final DateFieldMapper.DateFieldType fieldType = (DateFieldMapper.DateFieldType) fieldContext.fieldType();
+                    final Rounding rounding = roundingFunction.apply(bounds);
+                    final Weight[] filters = FilterRewriteHelper.createFilterForAggregations(
+                        context,
+                        rounding,
+                        preparedRoundingSupplier.get(),
+                        fieldName,
+                        fieldType,
+                        bounds[0],
+                        bounds[1]
+                    );
+                    return new FilterContext(fieldType, filters);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    static long getBucketOrd(long bucketOrd) {
+        if (bucketOrd < 0) { // already seen
+            bucketOrd = -1 - bucketOrd;
+        }
+
+        return bucketOrd;
+    }
+
+    static boolean tryFastFilterAggregation(
+        final LeafReaderContext ctx,
+        final Weight[] filters,
+        final DateFieldMapper.DateFieldType fieldType,
+        final BiConsumer<Long, Integer> incrementDocCount
+    ) throws IOException {
+        final int[] counts = new int[filters.length];
+        int i;
+        for (i = 0; i < filters.length; i++) {
+            counts[i] = filters[i].count(ctx);
+            if (counts[i] == -1) {
+                // Cannot use the optimization if any of the counts
+                // is -1 indicating the segment might have deleted documents
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        for (i = 0; i < filters.length; i++) {
+            if (counts[i] > 0) {
+                incrementDocCount.accept(
+                    fieldType.convertNanosToMillis(
+                        NumericUtils.sortableBytesToLong(((PointRangeQuery) filters[i].getQuery()).getLowerPoint(), 0)
+                    ),
+                    counts[i]
+                );
+            }
+        }
+        throw new CollectionTerminatedException();
+    }
+}
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/Pipeline.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/Pipeline.java
index 8bab961423f91..c88dfb2060393 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/Pipeline.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/Pipeline.java
@@ -119,7 +119,8 @@ protected void afterResponseProcessor(Processor processor, long timeInNanos) {}
 
     protected void onResponseProcessorFailed(Processor processor) {}
 
-    void transformRequest(SearchRequest request, ActionListener<SearchRequest> requestListener) throws SearchPipelineProcessingException {
+    void transformRequest(SearchRequest request, ActionListener<SearchRequest> requestListener, PipelineProcessingContext requestContext)
+        throws SearchPipelineProcessingException {
         if (searchRequestProcessors.isEmpty()) {
             requestListener.onResponse(request);
             return;
@@ -137,7 +138,7 @@ void transformRequest(SearchRequest request, ActionListener<SearchRequest> reque
             return;
         }
 
-        ActionListener<SearchRequest> finalListener = getTerminalSearchRequestActionListener(requestListener);
+        ActionListener<SearchRequest> finalListener = getTerminalSearchRequestActionListener(requestListener, requestContext);
 
         // Chain listeners back-to-front
         ActionListener<SearchRequest> currentListener = finalListener;
@@ -147,7 +148,7 @@ void transformRequest(SearchRequest request, ActionListener<SearchRequest> reque
             currentListener = ActionListener.wrap(r -> {
                 long start = relativeTimeSupplier.getAsLong();
                 beforeRequestProcessor(processor);
-                processor.processRequestAsync(r, ActionListener.wrap(rr -> {
+                processor.processRequestAsync(r, requestContext, ActionListener.wrap(rr -> {
                     long took = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(relativeTimeSupplier.getAsLong() - start);
                     afterRequestProcessor(processor, took);
                     nextListener.onResponse(rr);
@@ -176,13 +177,16 @@ void transformRequest(SearchRequest request, ActionListener<SearchRequest> reque
         currentListener.onResponse(request);
     }
 
-    private ActionListener<SearchRequest> getTerminalSearchRequestActionListener(ActionListener<SearchRequest> requestListener) {
+    private ActionListener<SearchRequest> getTerminalSearchRequestActionListener(
+        ActionListener<SearchRequest> requestListener,
+        PipelineProcessingContext requestContext
+    ) {
         final long pipelineStart = relativeTimeSupplier.getAsLong();
 
         return ActionListener.wrap(r -> {
             long took = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(relativeTimeSupplier.getAsLong() - pipelineStart);
             afterTransformRequest(took);
-            requestListener.onResponse(new PipelinedRequest(this, r));
+            requestListener.onResponse(new PipelinedRequest(this, r, requestContext));
         }, e -> {
             long took = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(relativeTimeSupplier.getAsLong() - pipelineStart);
             afterTransformRequest(took);
@@ -191,7 +195,11 @@ private ActionListener<SearchRequest> getTerminalSearchRequestActionListener(Act
         });
     }
 
-    ActionListener<SearchResponse> transformResponseListener(SearchRequest request, ActionListener<SearchResponse> responseListener) {
+    ActionListener<SearchResponse> transformResponseListener(
+        SearchRequest request,
+        ActionListener<SearchResponse> responseListener,
+        PipelineProcessingContext requestContext
+    ) {
         if (searchResponseProcessors.isEmpty()) {
             // No response transformation necessary
             return responseListener;
@@ -219,7 +227,7 @@ ActionListener<SearchResponse> transformResponseListener(SearchRequest request,
             responseListener = ActionListener.wrap(r -> {
                 beforeResponseProcessor(processor);
                 final long start = relativeTimeSupplier.getAsLong();
-                processor.processResponseAsync(request, r, ActionListener.wrap(rr -> {
+                processor.processResponseAsync(request, r, requestContext, ActionListener.wrap(rr -> {
                     long took = TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS.toMillis(relativeTimeSupplier.getAsLong() - start);
                     afterResponseProcessor(processor, took);
                     currentFinalListener.onResponse(rr);
@@ -257,14 +265,15 @@ <Result extends SearchPhaseResult> void runSearchPhaseResultsTransformer(
         SearchPhaseResults<Result> searchPhaseResult,
         SearchPhaseContext context,
         String currentPhase,
-        String nextPhase
+        String nextPhase,
+        PipelineProcessingContext requestContext
     ) throws SearchPipelineProcessingException {
         try {
             for (SearchPhaseResultsProcessor searchPhaseResultsProcessor : searchPhaseResultsProcessors) {
                 if (currentPhase.equals(searchPhaseResultsProcessor.getBeforePhase().getName())
                     && nextPhase.equals(searchPhaseResultsProcessor.getAfterPhase().getName())) {
                     try {
-                        searchPhaseResultsProcessor.process(searchPhaseResult, context);
+                        searchPhaseResultsProcessor.process(searchPhaseResult, context, requestContext);
                     } catch (Exception e) {
                         if (searchPhaseResultsProcessor.isIgnoreFailure()) {
                             logger.warn(
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/PipelineProcessingContext.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/PipelineProcessingContext.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a1f2b8b99d958
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/PipelineProcessingContext.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.search.pipeline;
+
+import java.util.HashMap;
+import java.util.Map;
+
+/**
+ * A holder for state that is passed through each processor in the pipeline.
+ */
+public class PipelineProcessingContext {
+    private final Map<String, Object> attributes = new HashMap<>();
+
+    /**
+     * Set a generic attribute in the state for this request. Overwrites any existing value.
+     *
+     * @param name the name of the attribute to set
+     * @param value the value to set on the attributen
+     */
+    public void setAttribute(String name, Object value) {
+        attributes.put(name, value);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Retrieves a generic attribute value from the state for this request.
+     * @param name the name of the attribute
+     * @return the value of the attribute if previously set (and null otherwise)
+     */
+    public Object getAttribute(String name) {
+        return attributes.get(name);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/PipelinedRequest.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/PipelinedRequest.java
index 77dfc6bcd4fc5..d550fbb768133 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/PipelinedRequest.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/PipelinedRequest.java
@@ -22,18 +22,20 @@
  */
 public final class PipelinedRequest extends SearchRequest {
     private final Pipeline pipeline;
+    private final PipelineProcessingContext requestContext;
 
-    PipelinedRequest(Pipeline pipeline, SearchRequest transformedRequest) {
+    PipelinedRequest(Pipeline pipeline, SearchRequest transformedRequest, PipelineProcessingContext requestContext) {
         super(transformedRequest);
         this.pipeline = pipeline;
+        this.requestContext = requestContext;
     }
 
     public void transformRequest(ActionListener<SearchRequest> requestListener) {
-        pipeline.transformRequest(this, requestListener);
+        pipeline.transformRequest(this, requestListener, requestContext);
     }
 
     public ActionListener<SearchResponse> transformResponseListener(ActionListener<SearchResponse> responseListener) {
-        return pipeline.transformResponseListener(this, responseListener);
+        return pipeline.transformResponseListener(this, responseListener, requestContext);
     }
 
     public <Result extends SearchPhaseResult> void transformSearchPhaseResults(
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ public <Result extends SearchPhaseResult> void transformSearchPhaseResults(
         final String currentPhase,
         final String nextPhase
     ) {
-        pipeline.runSearchPhaseResultsTransformer(searchPhaseResult, searchPhaseContext, currentPhase, nextPhase);
+        pipeline.runSearchPhaseResultsTransformer(searchPhaseResult, searchPhaseContext, currentPhase, nextPhase, requestContext);
     }
 
     // Visible for testing
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/Processor.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/Processor.java
index 0120d68ceb5aa..a06383fbe9cef 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/Processor.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/Processor.java
@@ -21,13 +21,6 @@
  * @opensearch.internal
  */
 public interface Processor {
-    /**
-     * Processor configuration key to let the factory know the context for pipeline creation.
-     * <p>
-     * See {@link PipelineSource}.
-     */
-    String PIPELINE_SOURCE = "pipeline_source";
-
     /**
      * Gets the type of processor
      */
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchPhaseResultsProcessor.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchPhaseResultsProcessor.java
index 772dc8758bace..a64266cfb2a2b 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchPhaseResultsProcessor.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchPhaseResultsProcessor.java
@@ -32,6 +32,22 @@ <Result extends SearchPhaseResult> void process(
         final SearchPhaseContext searchPhaseContext
     );
 
+    /**
+     * Processes the {@link SearchPhaseResults} obtained from a SearchPhase which will be returned to next
+     * SearchPhase. Receives the {@link PipelineProcessingContext} passed to other processors.
+     * @param searchPhaseResult {@link SearchPhaseResults}
+     * @param searchPhaseContext {@link SearchContext}
+     * @param requestContext {@link PipelineProcessingContext}
+     * @param <Result> {@link SearchPhaseResult}
+     */
+    default <Result extends SearchPhaseResult> void process(
+        final SearchPhaseResults<Result> searchPhaseResult,
+        final SearchPhaseContext searchPhaseContext,
+        final PipelineProcessingContext requestContext
+    ) {
+        process(searchPhaseResult, searchPhaseContext);
+    }
+
     /**
      * The phase which should have run before, this processor can start executing.
      * @return {@link SearchPhaseName}
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchPipelineService.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchPipelineService.java
index 580fe1b7c4216..2175b5d135394 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchPipelineService.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchPipelineService.java
@@ -408,7 +408,8 @@ public PipelinedRequest resolvePipeline(SearchRequest searchRequest) {
                 pipeline = pipelineHolder.pipeline;
             }
         }
-        return new PipelinedRequest(pipeline, searchRequest);
+        PipelineProcessingContext requestContext = new PipelineProcessingContext();
+        return new PipelinedRequest(pipeline, searchRequest, requestContext);
     }
 
     Map<String, Processor.Factory<SearchRequestProcessor>> getRequestProcessorFactories() {
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchRequestProcessor.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchRequestProcessor.java
index 427c9e4ab694c..30adc9b0afbe8 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchRequestProcessor.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchRequestProcessor.java
@@ -15,18 +15,27 @@
  * Interface for a search pipeline processor that modifies a search request.
  */
 public interface SearchRequestProcessor extends Processor {
-
     /**
-     * Transform a {@link SearchRequest}. Executed on the coordinator node before any {@link org.opensearch.action.search.SearchPhase}
-     * executes.
-     * <p>
+     * Process a SearchRequest without receiving request-scoped state.
      * Implement this method if the processor makes no asynchronous calls.
-     * @param request the executed {@link SearchRequest}
-     * @return a new {@link SearchRequest} (or the input {@link SearchRequest} if no changes)
-     * @throws Exception if an error occurs during processing
+     * @param request the search request (which may have been modified by an earlier processor)
+     * @return the modified search request
+     * @throws Exception implementation-specific processing exception
      */
     SearchRequest processRequest(SearchRequest request) throws Exception;
 
+    /**
+     * Process a SearchRequest, with request-scoped state shared across processors in the pipeline
+     * Implement this method if the processor makes no asynchronous calls.
+     * @param request the search request (which may have been modified by an earlier processor)
+     * @param requestContext request-scoped state shared across processors in the pipeline
+     * @return the modified search request
+     * @throws Exception implementation-specific processing exception
+     */
+    default SearchRequest processRequest(SearchRequest request, PipelineProcessingContext requestContext) throws Exception {
+        return processRequest(request);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Transform a {@link SearchRequest}. Executed on the coordinator node before any {@link org.opensearch.action.search.SearchPhase}
      * executes.
@@ -35,9 +44,13 @@ public interface SearchRequestProcessor extends Processor {
      * @param request the executed {@link SearchRequest}
      * @param requestListener callback to be invoked on successful processing or on failure
      */
-    default void processRequestAsync(SearchRequest request, ActionListener<SearchRequest> requestListener) {
+    default void processRequestAsync(
+        SearchRequest request,
+        PipelineProcessingContext requestContext,
+        ActionListener<SearchRequest> requestListener
+    ) {
         try {
-            requestListener.onResponse(processRequest(request));
+            requestListener.onResponse(processRequest(request, requestContext));
         } catch (Exception e) {
             requestListener.onFailure(e);
         }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchResponseProcessor.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchResponseProcessor.java
index 21136ce208fee..98591ab9d0def 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchResponseProcessor.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchResponseProcessor.java
@@ -21,24 +21,47 @@ public interface SearchResponseProcessor extends Processor {
      * Transform a {@link SearchResponse}, possibly based on the executed {@link SearchRequest}.
      * <p>
      * Implement this method if the processor makes no asynchronous calls.
-     * @param request the executed {@link SearchRequest}
+     *
+     * @param request  the executed {@link SearchRequest}
      * @param response the current {@link SearchResponse}, possibly modified by earlier processors
      * @return a modified {@link SearchResponse} (or the input {@link SearchResponse} if no changes)
      * @throws Exception if an error occurs during processing
      */
     SearchResponse processResponse(SearchRequest request, SearchResponse response) throws Exception;
 
+    /**
+     * Process a SearchResponse, with request-scoped state shared across processors in the pipeline
+     * <p>
+     * Implement this method if the processor makes no asynchronous calls.
+     *
+     * @param request        the (maybe transformed) search request
+     * @param response       the search response (which may have been modified by an earlier processor)
+     * @param requestContext request-scoped state shared across processors in the pipeline
+     * @return the modified search response
+     * @throws Exception implementation-specific processing exception
+     */
+    default SearchResponse processResponse(SearchRequest request, SearchResponse response, PipelineProcessingContext requestContext)
+        throws Exception {
+        return processResponse(request, response);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Transform a {@link SearchResponse}, possibly based on the executed {@link SearchRequest}.
      * <p>
      * Expert method: Implement this if the processor needs to make asynchronous calls. Otherwise, implement processResponse.
-     * @param request the executed {@link SearchRequest}
-     * @param response the current {@link SearchResponse}, possibly modified by earlier processors
+     *
+     * @param request          the executed {@link SearchRequest}
+     * @param response         the current {@link SearchResponse}, possibly modified by earlier processors
      * @param responseListener callback to be invoked on successful processing or on failure
      */
-    default void processResponseAsync(SearchRequest request, SearchResponse response, ActionListener<SearchResponse> responseListener) {
+    default void processResponseAsync(
+        SearchRequest request,
+        SearchResponse response,
+        PipelineProcessingContext requestContext,
+        ActionListener<SearchResponse> responseListener
+    ) {
         try {
-            responseListener.onResponse(processResponse(request, response));
+            responseListener.onResponse(processResponse(request, response, requestContext));
         } catch (Exception e) {
             responseListener.onFailure(e);
         }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/StatefulSearchRequestProcessor.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/StatefulSearchRequestProcessor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..67e1c1147cb87
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/StatefulSearchRequestProcessor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.search.pipeline;
+
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
+
+/**
+ * A specialization of {@link SearchRequestProcessor} that makes use of the request-scoped processor state.
+ * Implementors must implement the processRequest method that accepts request-scoped processor state.
+ */
+public interface StatefulSearchRequestProcessor extends SearchRequestProcessor {
+    @Override
+    default SearchRequest processRequest(SearchRequest request) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    SearchRequest processRequest(SearchRequest request, PipelineProcessingContext requestContext) throws Exception;
+}
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/StatefulSearchResponseProcessor.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/StatefulSearchResponseProcessor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..f0842d24e1b56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/StatefulSearchResponseProcessor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.search.pipeline;
+
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
+
+/**
+ * A specialization of {@link SearchResponseProcessor} that makes use of the request-scoped processor state.
+ * Implementors must implement the processResponse method that accepts request-scoped processor state.
+ */
+public interface StatefulSearchResponseProcessor extends SearchResponseProcessor {
+    @Override
+    default SearchResponse processResponse(SearchRequest request, SearchResponse response) {
+        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    SearchResponse processResponse(SearchRequest request, SearchResponse response, PipelineProcessingContext requestContext)
+        throws Exception;
+}
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/profile/query/ConcurrentQueryProfileBreakdown.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/profile/query/ConcurrentQueryProfileBreakdown.java
index e1d41227a22f7..99169b42c05f0 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/profile/query/ConcurrentQueryProfileBreakdown.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/search/profile/query/ConcurrentQueryProfileBreakdown.java
@@ -185,20 +185,22 @@ Map<Collector, Map<String, Long>> buildSliceLevelBreakdown() {
                     }
                     final Map<String, Long> currentSliceLeafBreakdownMap = contexts.get(sliceLeaf).toBreakdownMap();
                     // get the count for current leaf timing type
+                    final long sliceLeafTimingTypeCount = currentSliceLeafBreakdownMap.get(timingTypeCountKey);
                     currentSliceBreakdown.compute(
                         timingTypeCountKey,
-                        (key, value) -> (value == null)
-                            ? currentSliceLeafBreakdownMap.get(timingTypeCountKey)
-                            : value + currentSliceLeafBreakdownMap.get(timingTypeCountKey)
+                        (key, value) -> (value == null) ? sliceLeafTimingTypeCount : value + sliceLeafTimingTypeCount
                     );
 
-                    // compute the sliceEndTime for timingType using max of endTime across slice leaves
-                    final long sliceLeafTimingTypeEndTime = currentSliceLeafBreakdownMap.get(timingTypeStartKey)
-                        + currentSliceLeafBreakdownMap.get(timingType.toString());
-                    currentSliceBreakdown.compute(
-                        timingTypeSliceEndTimeKey,
-                        (key, value) -> (value == null) ? sliceLeafTimingTypeEndTime : Math.max(value, sliceLeafTimingTypeEndTime)
-                    );
+                    if (sliceLeafTimingTypeCount == 0L) {
+                        // In case where a slice with multiple leaves, it is possible that any one of the leaves has 0 invocations for a
+                        // specific breakdown type. We should skip the slice start/end time computation for any leaf with 0 invocations on a
+                        // timing type, as 0 does not represent an actual timing.
+                        // For example, a slice has 0 invocations for a breakdown type from its leading leaves. Another example, let's
+                        // consider a slice with three leaves: leaf A with a score count of 5, leaf B with a score count of 0,
+                        // and leaf C with a score count of 4. In this situation, we only compute the timing type slice start/end time based
+                        // on leaf A and leaf C. This is because leaf B has a start time of zero.
+                        continue;
+                    }
 
                     // compute the sliceStartTime for timingType using min of startTime across slice leaves
                     final long sliceLeafTimingTypeStartTime = currentSliceLeafBreakdownMap.get(timingTypeStartKey);
@@ -206,6 +208,22 @@ Map<Collector, Map<String, Long>> buildSliceLevelBreakdown() {
                         timingTypeSliceStartTimeKey,
                         (key, value) -> (value == null) ? sliceLeafTimingTypeStartTime : Math.min(value, sliceLeafTimingTypeStartTime)
                     );
+
+                    // compute the sliceEndTime for timingType using max of endTime across slice leaves
+                    final long sliceLeafTimingTypeEndTime = sliceLeafTimingTypeStartTime + currentSliceLeafBreakdownMap.get(
+                        timingType.toString()
+                    );
+                    currentSliceBreakdown.compute(
+                        timingTypeSliceEndTimeKey,
+                        (key, value) -> (value == null) ? sliceLeafTimingTypeEndTime : Math.max(value, sliceLeafTimingTypeEndTime)
+                    );
+                }
+                // Only when we've checked all leaves in a slice and still find no invocations, then we should set the slice start/end time
+                // to the default 0L. This is because buildQueryBreakdownMap expects timingTypeSliceStartTimeKey and
+                // timingTypeSliceEndTimeKey in the slice level breakdowns.
+                if (currentSliceBreakdown.get(timingTypeCountKey) != null && currentSliceBreakdown.get(timingTypeCountKey) == 0L) {
+                    currentSliceBreakdown.put(timingTypeSliceStartTimeKey, 0L);
+                    currentSliceBreakdown.put(timingTypeSliceEndTimeKey, 0L);
                 }
                 // compute sliceMaxEndTime as max of sliceEndTime across all timing types
                 sliceMaxEndTime = Math.max(sliceMaxEndTime, currentSliceBreakdown.getOrDefault(timingTypeSliceEndTimeKey, Long.MIN_VALUE));
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/snapshots/RestoreService.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/snapshots/RestoreService.java
index 955ec71f30360..9d2c7eb882fa1 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/snapshots/RestoreService.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/snapshots/RestoreService.java
@@ -429,6 +429,10 @@ public ClusterState execute(ClusterState currentState) {
                                     createIndexService.validateIndexName(renamedIndexName, currentState);
                                     createIndexService.validateDotIndex(renamedIndexName, isHidden);
                                     createIndexService.validateIndexSettings(renamedIndexName, snapshotIndexMetadata.getSettings(), false);
+                                    MetadataCreateIndexService.validateRefreshIntervalSettings(
+                                        snapshotIndexMetadata.getSettings(),
+                                        clusterSettings
+                                    );
                                     IndexMetadata.Builder indexMdBuilder = IndexMetadata.builder(snapshotIndexMetadata)
                                         .state(IndexMetadata.State.OPEN)
                                         .index(renamedIndexName);
@@ -578,6 +582,7 @@ public ClusterState execute(ClusterState currentState) {
                             if (metadata.templates() != null) {
                                 // TODO: Should all existing templates be deleted first?
                                 for (final IndexTemplateMetadata cursor : metadata.templates().values()) {
+                                    MetadataCreateIndexService.validateRefreshIntervalSettings(cursor.settings(), clusterSettings);
                                     mdBuilder.put(cursor);
                                 }
                             }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/transport/TransportInterceptor.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/transport/TransportInterceptor.java
index 9ee2db6d39893..e8efbeb7de3f9 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/transport/TransportInterceptor.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/transport/TransportInterceptor.java
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.cluster.node.DiscoveryNode;
 import org.opensearch.core.common.io.stream.Writeable.Reader;
 import org.opensearch.core.transport.TransportResponse;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
 
 /**
  * This interface allows plugins to intercept requests on both the sender and the receiver side.
@@ -57,6 +58,19 @@ default <T extends TransportRequest> TransportRequestHandler<T> interceptHandler
         return actualHandler;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * This is called for handlers that needs admission control support
+     */
+    default <T extends TransportRequest> TransportRequestHandler<T> interceptHandler(
+        String action,
+        String executor,
+        boolean forceExecution,
+        TransportRequestHandler<T> actualHandler,
+        AdmissionControlActionType admissionControlActionType
+    ) {
+        return interceptHandler(action, executor, forceExecution, actualHandler);
+    }
+
     /**
      * This is called up-front providing the actual low level {@link AsyncSender} that performs the low level send request.
      * The returned sender is used to send all requests that come in via
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/transport/TransportService.java b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/transport/TransportService.java
index 5aeed72f306db..a1697b1898eeb 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/transport/TransportService.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/opensearch/transport/TransportService.java
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.core.service.ReportingService;
 import org.opensearch.core.transport.TransportResponse;
 import org.opensearch.node.NodeClosedException;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
 import org.opensearch.tasks.Task;
 import org.opensearch.tasks.TaskManager;
 import org.opensearch.telemetry.tracing.Span;
@@ -1200,6 +1201,40 @@ public <Request extends TransportRequest> void registerRequestHandler(
         transport.registerRequestHandler(reg);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Registers a new request handler with admission control support
+     *
+     * @param action                The action the request handler is associated with
+     * @param executor              The executor the request handling will be executed on
+     * @param forceExecution        Force execution on the executor queue and never reject it
+     * @param canTripCircuitBreaker Check the request size and raise an exception in case the limit is breached.
+     * @param admissionControlActionType Admission control based on resource usage limits of provided action type
+     * @param requestReader               The request class that will be used to construct new instances for streaming
+     * @param handler               The handler itself that implements the request handling
+     */
+    public <Request extends TransportRequest> void registerRequestHandler(
+        String action,
+        String executor,
+        boolean forceExecution,
+        boolean canTripCircuitBreaker,
+        AdmissionControlActionType admissionControlActionType,
+        Writeable.Reader<Request> requestReader,
+        TransportRequestHandler<Request> handler
+    ) {
+        validateActionName(action);
+        handler = interceptor.interceptHandler(action, executor, forceExecution, handler, admissionControlActionType);
+        RequestHandlerRegistry<Request> reg = new RequestHandlerRegistry<>(
+            action,
+            requestReader,
+            taskManager,
+            handler,
+            executor,
+            forceExecution,
+            canTripCircuitBreaker
+        );
+        transport.registerRequestHandler(reg);
+    }
+
     /**
      * called by the {@link Transport} implementation when an incoming request arrives but before
      * any parsing of it has happened (with the exception of the requestId and action)
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/node/stats/NodeStatsTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/node/stats/NodeStatsTests.java
index 80f4ebf5d737a..b8ab5c935fa34 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/node/stats/NodeStatsTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/node/stats/NodeStatsTests.java
@@ -66,6 +66,11 @@
 import org.opensearch.node.NodeResourceUsageStats;
 import org.opensearch.node.NodesResourceUsageStats;
 import org.opensearch.node.ResponseCollectorService;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers.AdmissionController;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers.CpuBasedAdmissionController;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.stats.AdmissionControlStats;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.stats.AdmissionControllerStats;
 import org.opensearch.script.ScriptCacheStats;
 import org.opensearch.script.ScriptStats;
 import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchTestCase;
@@ -540,15 +545,44 @@ public void testSerialization() throws IOException {
                     assertEquals(replicationStats.getTotalBytesBehind(), deserializedReplicationStats.getTotalBytesBehind());
                     assertEquals(replicationStats.getMaxReplicationLag(), deserializedReplicationStats.getMaxReplicationLag());
                 }
+                AdmissionControlStats admissionControlStats = nodeStats.getAdmissionControlStats();
+                AdmissionControlStats deserializedAdmissionControlStats = deserializedNodeStats.getAdmissionControlStats();
+                if (admissionControlStats == null) {
+                    assertNull(deserializedAdmissionControlStats);
+                } else {
+                    assertEquals(
+                        admissionControlStats.getAdmissionControllerStatsList().size(),
+                        deserializedAdmissionControlStats.getAdmissionControllerStatsList().size()
+                    );
+                    AdmissionControllerStats admissionControllerStats = admissionControlStats.getAdmissionControllerStatsList().get(0);
+                    AdmissionControllerStats deserializedAdmissionControllerStats = deserializedAdmissionControlStats
+                        .getAdmissionControllerStatsList()
+                        .get(0);
+                    assertEquals(
+                        admissionControllerStats.getAdmissionControllerName(),
+                        deserializedAdmissionControllerStats.getAdmissionControllerName()
+                    );
+                    assertEquals(1, (long) admissionControllerStats.getRejectionCount().get(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType()));
+                    assertEquals(
+                        admissionControllerStats.getRejectionCount().get(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType()),
+                        deserializedAdmissionControllerStats.getRejectionCount().get(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType())
+                    );
+
+                    assertEquals(2, (long) admissionControllerStats.getRejectionCount().get(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType()));
+                    assertEquals(
+                        admissionControllerStats.getRejectionCount().get(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType()),
+                        deserializedAdmissionControllerStats.getRejectionCount().get(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType())
+                    );
+                }
             }
         }
     }
 
-    public static NodeStats createNodeStats() {
+    public static NodeStats createNodeStats() throws IOException {
         return createNodeStats(false);
     }
 
-    public static NodeStats createNodeStats(boolean remoteStoreStats) {
+    public static NodeStats createNodeStats(boolean remoteStoreStats) throws IOException {
         DiscoveryNode node = new DiscoveryNode(
             "test_node",
             buildNewFakeTransportAddress(),
@@ -862,6 +896,26 @@ public static NodeStats createNodeStats(boolean remoteStoreStats) {
             clusterManagerThrottlingStats = new ClusterManagerThrottlingStats();
             clusterManagerThrottlingStats.onThrottle("test-task", randomInt());
         }
+
+        AdmissionControlStats admissionControlStats = null;
+        if (frequently()) {
+            AdmissionController admissionController = new AdmissionController(
+                CpuBasedAdmissionController.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER,
+                null,
+                null
+            ) {
+                @Override
+                public void apply(String action, AdmissionControlActionType admissionControlActionType) {
+                    return;
+                }
+            };
+            admissionController.addRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType(), 1);
+            admissionController.addRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType(), 2);
+            AdmissionControllerStats stats = new AdmissionControllerStats(admissionController);
+            List<AdmissionControllerStats> statsList = new ArrayList();
+            statsList.add(stats);
+            admissionControlStats = new AdmissionControlStats(statsList);
+        }
         ScriptCacheStats scriptCacheStats = scriptStats != null ? scriptStats.toScriptCacheStats() : null;
 
         WeightedRoutingStats weightedRoutingStats = null;
@@ -899,7 +953,8 @@ public static NodeStats createNodeStats(boolean remoteStoreStats) {
             null,
             null,
             segmentReplicationRejectionStats,
-            null
+            null,
+            admissionControlStats
         );
     }
 
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/stats/ClusterStatsNodesTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/stats/ClusterStatsNodesTests.java
index a0c45f95ef7c0..40a30342b86b9 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/stats/ClusterStatsNodesTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/action/admin/cluster/stats/ClusterStatsNodesTests.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.core.xcontent.MediaTypeRegistry;
 import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchTestCase;
 
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.Iterator;
@@ -87,7 +88,13 @@ public void testNetworkTypesToXContent() throws Exception {
     }
 
     public void testIngestStats() throws Exception {
-        NodeStats nodeStats = randomValueOtherThanMany(n -> n.getIngestStats() == null, NodeStatsTests::createNodeStats);
+        NodeStats nodeStats = randomValueOtherThanMany(n -> n.getIngestStats() == null, () -> {
+            try {
+                return NodeStatsTests.createNodeStats();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new RuntimeException(e);
+            }
+        });
 
         SortedMap<String, long[]> processorStats = new TreeMap<>();
         nodeStats.getIngestStats().getProcessorStats().values().forEach(stats -> {
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchRequestOperationsListenerSupport.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchRequestOperationsListenerSupport.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..58a4c4a4e555d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/action/search/SearchRequestOperationsListenerSupport.java
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.action.search;
+
+/**
+ * Helper interface to access package protected {@link SearchRequestOperationsListener} from test cases.
+ */
+public interface SearchRequestOperationsListenerSupport {
+    default void onPhaseStart(SearchRequestOperationsListener listener, SearchPhaseContext context) {
+        listener.onPhaseStart(context);
+    }
+
+    default void onPhaseEnd(SearchRequestOperationsListener listener, SearchPhaseContext context) {
+        listener.onPhaseEnd(context, new SearchRequestContext());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/cluster/DiskUsageTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/cluster/DiskUsageTests.java
index f037b75dc16a3..ff47ec3015697 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/cluster/DiskUsageTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/cluster/DiskUsageTests.java
@@ -193,6 +193,7 @@ public void testFillDiskUsage() {
                 null,
                 null,
                 null,
+                null,
                 null
             ),
             new NodeStats(
@@ -222,6 +223,7 @@ public void testFillDiskUsage() {
                 null,
                 null,
                 null,
+                null,
                 null
             ),
             new NodeStats(
@@ -251,6 +253,7 @@ public void testFillDiskUsage() {
                 null,
                 null,
                 null,
+                null,
                 null
             )
         );
@@ -311,6 +314,7 @@ public void testFillDiskUsageSomeInvalidValues() {
                 null,
                 null,
                 null,
+                null,
                 null
             ),
             new NodeStats(
@@ -340,6 +344,7 @@ public void testFillDiskUsageSomeInvalidValues() {
                 null,
                 null,
                 null,
+                null,
                 null
             ),
             new NodeStats(
@@ -369,6 +374,7 @@ public void testFillDiskUsageSomeInvalidValues() {
                 null,
                 null,
                 null,
+                null,
                 null
             )
         );
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/RemoteShardsAllocateUnassignedTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/RemoteShardsAllocateUnassignedTests.java
index ed178ed7e1526..0be1a1f36118d 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/RemoteShardsAllocateUnassignedTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/RemoteShardsAllocateUnassignedTests.java
@@ -13,11 +13,16 @@
 import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.RoutingNodes;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.RoutingPool;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.ShardRouting;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.UnassignedInfo;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.allocation.allocator.RemoteShardsBalancer;
 
 import java.util.HashMap;
 import java.util.Map;
 
+import static org.opensearch.cluster.routing.UnassignedInfo.AllocationStatus.DECIDERS_NO;
+import static org.opensearch.cluster.routing.UnassignedInfo.AllocationStatus.DECIDERS_THROTTLED;
+import static org.opensearch.cluster.routing.UnassignedInfo.AllocationStatus.NO_ATTEMPT;
+
 public class RemoteShardsAllocateUnassignedTests extends RemoteShardsBalancerBaseTestCase {
 
     /**
@@ -89,6 +94,38 @@ public void testPrimaryAllocation() {
         }
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Test remote unassigned shard allocation when deciders make NO or THROTTLED decision.
+     */
+    public void testNoRemoteAllocation() {
+        final int localOnlyNodes = 10;
+        final int remoteCapableNodes = 5;
+        final int localIndices = 2;
+        final int remoteIndices = 1;
+        final ClusterState oldState = createInitialCluster(localOnlyNodes, remoteCapableNodes, localIndices, remoteIndices);
+        final boolean throttle = randomBoolean();
+        final AllocationService service = this.createRejectRemoteAllocationService(throttle);
+        final ClusterState newState = allocateShardsAndBalance(oldState, service);
+        final RoutingNodes routingNodes = newState.getRoutingNodes();
+        final RoutingAllocation allocation = getRoutingAllocation(newState, routingNodes);
+
+        assertEquals(totalShards(remoteIndices), routingNodes.unassigned().size());
+
+        for (ShardRouting shard : newState.getRoutingTable().allShards()) {
+            if (RoutingPool.getShardPool(shard, allocation) == RoutingPool.REMOTE_CAPABLE) {
+                assertTrue(shard.unassigned());
+                if (shard.primary()) {
+                    final UnassignedInfo.AllocationStatus expect = throttle ? DECIDERS_THROTTLED : DECIDERS_NO;
+                    assertEquals(expect, shard.unassignedInfo().getLastAllocationStatus());
+                } else {
+                    assertEquals(NO_ATTEMPT, shard.unassignedInfo().getLastAllocationStatus());
+                }
+            } else {
+                assertFalse(shard.unassigned());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Test remote unassigned shard allocation when remote capable nodes fail to come up.
      */
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/RemoteShardsBalancerBaseTestCase.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/RemoteShardsBalancerBaseTestCase.java
index dbb08a999877d..a1db6cd83ab6c 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/RemoteShardsBalancerBaseTestCase.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/cluster/routing/allocation/RemoteShardsBalancerBaseTestCase.java
@@ -20,7 +20,9 @@
 import org.opensearch.cluster.metadata.Metadata;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.node.DiscoveryNodeRole;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.node.DiscoveryNodes;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.RoutingNode;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.RoutingNodes;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.RoutingPool;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.RoutingTable;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.ShardRouting;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.UnassignedInfo;
@@ -28,6 +30,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.allocation.allocator.ShardsAllocator;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.allocation.decider.AllocationDecider;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.allocation.decider.AllocationDeciders;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.allocation.decider.Decision;
 import org.opensearch.common.SuppressForbidden;
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.ClusterSettings;
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
@@ -201,6 +204,36 @@ public AllocationService createRemoteCapableAllocationService(String excludeNode
         );
     }
 
+    public AllocationService createRejectRemoteAllocationService(boolean throttle) {
+        Settings settings = Settings.Builder.EMPTY_SETTINGS;
+        return new OpenSearchAllocationTestCase.MockAllocationService(
+            createRejectRemoteAllocationDeciders(throttle),
+            new TestGatewayAllocator(),
+            createShardAllocator(settings),
+            EmptyClusterInfoService.INSTANCE,
+            SNAPSHOT_INFO_SERVICE_WITH_NO_SHARD_SIZES
+        );
+    }
+
+    public AllocationDeciders createRejectRemoteAllocationDeciders(boolean throttle) {
+        Settings settings = Settings.Builder.EMPTY_SETTINGS;
+        List<AllocationDecider> deciders = new ArrayList<>(
+            ClusterModule.createAllocationDeciders(settings, EMPTY_CLUSTER_SETTINGS, Collections.emptyList())
+        );
+        deciders.add(new AllocationDecider() {
+            @Override
+            public Decision canAllocate(ShardRouting shardRouting, RoutingNode node, RoutingAllocation allocation) {
+                if (RoutingPool.REMOTE_CAPABLE.equals(RoutingPool.getShardPool(shardRouting, allocation))) {
+                    return throttle ? Decision.THROTTLE : Decision.NO;
+                } else {
+                    return Decision.ALWAYS;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+        Collections.shuffle(deciders, random());
+        return new AllocationDeciders(deciders);
+    }
+
     public AllocationDeciders createAllocationDeciders() {
         Settings settings = Settings.Builder.EMPTY_SETTINGS;
         return randomAllocationDeciders(settings, EMPTY_CLUSTER_SETTINGS, random());
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/common/network/NetworkModuleTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/common/network/NetworkModuleTests.java
index ab51cafb039c2..de4bdcac6c2b2 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/common/network/NetworkModuleTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/common/network/NetworkModuleTests.java
@@ -474,13 +474,29 @@ public List<TransportInterceptor> getTransportInterceptors(
         try {
             transportInterceptor.interceptHandler("foo/bar/boom", null, true, null);
         } catch (Exception e) {
-            assertEquals(0, called.get());
+            assertEquals(1, called.get());
             assertEquals(1, called1.get());
         }
+
+        coreTransportInterceptors = new ArrayList<>();
+        coreTransportInterceptors.add(interceptor);
+        module = newNetworkModule(settings, coreTransportInterceptors, new NetworkPlugin() {
+            @Override
+            public List<TransportInterceptor> getTransportInterceptors(
+                NamedWriteableRegistry namedWriteableRegistry,
+                ThreadContext threadContext
+            ) {
+                assertNotNull(threadContext);
+                return Collections.singletonList(interceptor1);
+            }
+        });
+
+        transportInterceptor = module.getTransportInterceptor();
+
         try {
             transportInterceptor.interceptHandler("foo/baz/boom", null, false, null);
         } catch (Exception e) {
-            assertEquals(0, called.get());
+            assertEquals(1, called.get());
             assertEquals(2, called1.get());
         }
     }
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/IndexServiceTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/IndexServiceTests.java
index db9f4bd305c79..14451ef21726e 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/IndexServiceTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/IndexServiceTests.java
@@ -452,12 +452,7 @@ public void testAsyncTranslogTrimTaskOnClosedIndex() throws Exception {
         assertTrue(indexService.getTrimTranslogTask().mustReschedule());
 
         final Engine readOnlyEngine = getEngine(indexService.getShard(0));
-        assertBusy(
-            () -> assertThat(
-                readOnlyEngine.translogManager().getTranslogStats().getTranslogSizeInBytes(),
-                equalTo((long) Translog.DEFAULT_HEADER_SIZE_IN_BYTES)
-            )
-        );
+        assertBusy(() -> assertTrue(isTranslogEmpty(readOnlyEngine)));
 
         assertAcked(client().admin().indices().prepareOpen("test").setWaitForActiveShards(ActiveShardCount.DEFAULT));
 
@@ -467,6 +462,12 @@ public void testAsyncTranslogTrimTaskOnClosedIndex() throws Exception {
         assertThat(translog.stats().estimatedNumberOfOperations(), equalTo(0));
     }
 
+    boolean isTranslogEmpty(Engine engine) {
+        long tlogSize = engine.translogManager().getTranslogStats().getTranslogSizeInBytes();
+        // translog contains 1(or 2 in some corner cases) empty readers.
+        return tlogSize == Translog.DEFAULT_HEADER_SIZE_IN_BYTES || tlogSize == 2 * Translog.DEFAULT_HEADER_SIZE_IN_BYTES;
+    }
+
     public void testIllegalFsyncInterval() {
         Settings settings = Settings.builder()
             .put(IndexSettings.INDEX_TRANSLOG_SYNC_INTERVAL_SETTING.getKey(), "0ms") // disable
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/InternalEngineTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/InternalEngineTests.java
index 81d8bccb86c60..5b586524d0bfc 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/InternalEngineTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/engine/InternalEngineTests.java
@@ -7801,7 +7801,9 @@ public void testMaxDocsOnPrimary() throws Exception {
                     assertNotNull(result.getFailure());
                     assertThat(
                         result.getFailure().getMessage(),
-                        containsString("Number of documents in the index can't exceed [" + maxDocs + "]")
+                        containsString(
+                            "Number of documents in shard " + shardId + " exceeds the limit of [" + maxDocs + "] documents per shard"
+                        )
                     );
                     assertThat(result.getSeqNo(), equalTo(UNASSIGNED_SEQ_NO));
                     assertThat(engine.getLocalCheckpointTracker().getMaxSeqNo(), equalTo(maxSeqNo));
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/search/stats/SearchStatsTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/search/stats/SearchStatsTests.java
index 98c7b8e4b2bde..52b272094cd86 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/search/stats/SearchStatsTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/search/stats/SearchStatsTests.java
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchPhase;
 import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchPhaseContext;
 import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchPhaseName;
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchRequestOperationsListenerSupport;
 import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchRequestStats;
 import org.opensearch.index.search.stats.SearchStats.Stats;
 import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchTestCase;
@@ -47,7 +48,7 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
-public class SearchStatsTests extends OpenSearchTestCase {
+public class SearchStatsTests extends OpenSearchTestCase implements SearchRequestOperationsListenerSupport {
 
     // https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/issues/7644
     public void testShardLevelSearchGroupStats() throws Exception {
@@ -84,8 +85,8 @@ public void testShardLevelSearchGroupStats() throws Exception {
             when(mockSearchPhase.getStartTimeInNanos()).thenReturn(System.nanoTime() - TimeUnit.SECONDS.toNanos(paramValue));
             when(mockSearchPhase.getSearchPhaseName()).thenReturn(searchPhaseName);
             for (int iterator = 0; iterator < paramValue; iterator++) {
-                testRequestStats.onPhaseStart(ctx);
-                testRequestStats.onPhaseEnd(ctx, null /* not needed */);
+                onPhaseStart(testRequestStats, ctx);
+                onPhaseEnd(testRequestStats, ctx);
             }
         }
         searchStats1.setSearchRequestStats(testRequestStats);
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/CloseableRetryableRefreshListenerTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/ReleasableRetryableRefreshListenerTests.java
similarity index 66%
rename from server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/CloseableRetryableRefreshListenerTests.java
rename to server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/ReleasableRetryableRefreshListenerTests.java
index 01242063caa77..a0641c365a2a1 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/CloseableRetryableRefreshListenerTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/ReleasableRetryableRefreshListenerTests.java
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
 import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
+import org.opensearch.common.lease.Releasable;
 import org.opensearch.common.unit.TimeValue;
 import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchTestCase;
 import org.opensearch.threadpool.TestThreadPool;
@@ -26,9 +27,9 @@
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
 import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
 
-public class CloseableRetryableRefreshListenerTests extends OpenSearchTestCase {
+public class ReleasableRetryableRefreshListenerTests extends OpenSearchTestCase {
 
-    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(CloseableRetryableRefreshListenerTests.class);
+    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(ReleasableRetryableRefreshListenerTests.class);
 
     private ThreadPool threadPool;
 
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ public void init() {
     public void testPerformAfterRefresh() throws IOException {
 
         CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(2);
-        CloseableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new CloseableRetryableRefreshListener(mock(ThreadPool.class)) {
+        ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener(mock(ThreadPool.class)) {
             @Override
             protected boolean performAfterRefreshWithPermit(boolean didRefresh) {
                 countDownLatch.countDown();
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ protected Logger getLogger() {
         // Second invocation of afterRefresh method
         testRefreshListener.afterRefresh(true);
         assertEquals(0, countDownLatch.getCount());
-        testRefreshListener.close();
+        testRefreshListener.drainRefreshes();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -75,7 +76,7 @@ protected Logger getLogger() {
     public void testCloseAfterRefresh() throws IOException {
         final int initialCount = randomIntBetween(10, 100);
         final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(initialCount);
-        CloseableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new CloseableRetryableRefreshListener(mock(ThreadPool.class)) {
+        ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener(mock(ThreadPool.class)) {
             @Override
             protected boolean performAfterRefreshWithPermit(boolean didRefresh) {
                 countDownLatch.countDown();
@@ -98,7 +99,7 @@ protected Logger getLogger() {
         assertEquals(initialCount - refreshCount, countDownLatch.getCount());
 
         // Closing the refresh listener so that no further afterRefreshes are executed going forward
-        testRefreshListener.close();
+        testRefreshListener.drainRefreshes();
 
         for (int i = 0; i < initialCount - refreshCount; i++) {
             testRefreshListener.afterRefresh(true);
@@ -112,7 +113,7 @@ protected Logger getLogger() {
     public void testNoRetry() throws IOException {
         int initialCount = randomIntBetween(10, 100);
         final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(initialCount);
-        CloseableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new CloseableRetryableRefreshListener(mock(ThreadPool.class)) {
+        ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener(mock(ThreadPool.class)) {
             @Override
             protected boolean performAfterRefreshWithPermit(boolean didRefresh) {
                 countDownLatch.countDown();
@@ -129,9 +130,9 @@ protected Logger getLogger() {
         };
         testRefreshListener.afterRefresh(true);
         assertEquals(initialCount - 1, countDownLatch.getCount());
-        testRefreshListener.close();
+        testRefreshListener.drainRefreshes();
 
-        testRefreshListener = new CloseableRetryableRefreshListener(threadPool) {
+        testRefreshListener = new ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener(threadPool) {
             @Override
             protected boolean performAfterRefreshWithPermit(boolean didRefresh) {
                 countDownLatch.countDown();
@@ -148,9 +149,9 @@ protected Logger getLogger() {
         };
         testRefreshListener.afterRefresh(true);
         assertEquals(initialCount - 2, countDownLatch.getCount());
-        testRefreshListener.close();
+        testRefreshListener.drainRefreshes();
 
-        testRefreshListener = new CloseableRetryableRefreshListener(threadPool) {
+        testRefreshListener = new ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener(threadPool) {
             @Override
             protected boolean performAfterRefreshWithPermit(boolean didRefresh) {
                 countDownLatch.countDown();
@@ -172,9 +173,9 @@ protected Logger getLogger() {
         };
         testRefreshListener.afterRefresh(true);
         assertEquals(initialCount - 3, countDownLatch.getCount());
-        testRefreshListener.close();
+        testRefreshListener.drainRefreshes();
 
-        testRefreshListener = new CloseableRetryableRefreshListener(threadPool) {
+        testRefreshListener = new ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener(threadPool) {
             @Override
             protected boolean performAfterRefreshWithPermit(boolean didRefresh) {
                 countDownLatch.countDown();
@@ -196,7 +197,7 @@ protected Logger getLogger() {
         };
         testRefreshListener.afterRefresh(true);
         assertEquals(initialCount - 4, countDownLatch.getCount());
-        testRefreshListener.close();
+        testRefreshListener.drainRefreshes();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -205,7 +206,7 @@ protected Logger getLogger() {
     public void testRetry() throws Exception {
         int initialCount = randomIntBetween(10, 20);
         final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(initialCount);
-        CloseableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new CloseableRetryableRefreshListener(threadPool) {
+        ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener(threadPool) {
             @Override
             protected boolean performAfterRefreshWithPermit(boolean didRefresh) {
                 countDownLatch.countDown();
@@ -237,7 +238,7 @@ protected boolean isRetryEnabled() {
         };
         testRefreshListener.afterRefresh(true);
         assertBusy(() -> assertEquals(0, countDownLatch.getCount()));
-        testRefreshListener.close();
+        testRefreshListener.drainRefreshes();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -246,7 +247,7 @@ protected boolean isRetryEnabled() {
     public void testCloseWithRetryPending() throws IOException {
         int initialCount = randomIntBetween(10, 20);
         final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(initialCount);
-        CloseableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new CloseableRetryableRefreshListener(threadPool) {
+        ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener(threadPool) {
             @Override
             protected boolean performAfterRefreshWithPermit(boolean didRefresh) {
                 countDownLatch.countDown();
@@ -272,13 +273,14 @@ protected Logger getLogger() {
             }
         };
         testRefreshListener.afterRefresh(randomBoolean());
-        testRefreshListener.close();
+        testRefreshListener.drainRefreshes();
         assertNotEquals(0, countDownLatch.getCount());
+        assertRefreshListenerClosed(testRefreshListener);
     }
 
     public void testCloseWaitsForAcquiringAllPermits() throws Exception {
         final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(1);
-        CloseableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new CloseableRetryableRefreshListener(threadPool) {
+        ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener(threadPool) {
             @Override
             protected boolean performAfterRefreshWithPermit(boolean didRefresh) {
                 try {
@@ -307,13 +309,14 @@ protected Logger getLogger() {
         });
         thread.start();
         assertBusy(() -> assertEquals(0, countDownLatch.getCount()));
-        testRefreshListener.close();
+        testRefreshListener.drainRefreshes();
+        assertRefreshListenerClosed(testRefreshListener);
     }
 
     public void testScheduleRetryAfterClose() throws Exception {
         // This tests that once the listener has been closed, even the retries would not be scheduled.
         final AtomicLong runCount = new AtomicLong();
-        CloseableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new CloseableRetryableRefreshListener(threadPool) {
+        ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener(threadPool) {
             @Override
             protected boolean performAfterRefreshWithPermit(boolean didRefresh) {
                 try {
@@ -358,8 +361,8 @@ protected TimeValue getNextRetryInterval() {
         Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
             try {
                 Thread.sleep(500);
-                testRefreshListener.close();
-            } catch (IOException | InterruptedException e) {
+                testRefreshListener.drainRefreshes();
+            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                 throw new AssertionError(e);
             }
         });
@@ -368,13 +371,14 @@ protected TimeValue getNextRetryInterval() {
         thread1.join();
         thread2.join();
         assertBusy(() -> assertEquals(1, runCount.get()));
+        assertRefreshListenerClosed(testRefreshListener);
     }
 
     public void testConcurrentScheduleRetry() throws Exception {
         // This tests that there can be only 1 retry that can be scheduled at a time.
         final AtomicLong runCount = new AtomicLong();
         final AtomicInteger retryCount = new AtomicInteger(0);
-        CloseableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new CloseableRetryableRefreshListener(threadPool) {
+        ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener(threadPool) {
             @Override
             protected boolean performAfterRefreshWithPermit(boolean didRefresh) {
                 retryCount.incrementAndGet();
@@ -408,7 +412,8 @@ protected boolean isRetryEnabled() {
         testRefreshListener.afterRefresh(true);
         testRefreshListener.afterRefresh(true);
         assertBusy(() -> assertEquals(3, runCount.get()));
-        testRefreshListener.close();
+        testRefreshListener.drainRefreshes();
+        assertRefreshListenerClosed(testRefreshListener);
     }
 
     public void testExceptionDuringThreadPoolSchedule() throws Exception {
@@ -417,7 +422,7 @@ public void testExceptionDuringThreadPoolSchedule() throws Exception {
         AtomicInteger runCount = new AtomicInteger();
         ThreadPool mockThreadPool = mock(ThreadPool.class);
         when(mockThreadPool.schedule(any(), any(), any())).thenThrow(new RuntimeException());
-        CloseableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new CloseableRetryableRefreshListener(mockThreadPool) {
+        ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener(mockThreadPool) {
             @Override
             protected boolean performAfterRefreshWithPermit(boolean didRefresh) {
                 runCount.incrementAndGet();
@@ -450,7 +455,121 @@ protected boolean isRetryEnabled() {
         assertThrows(RuntimeException.class, () -> testRefreshListener.afterRefresh(true));
         assertBusy(() -> assertFalse(testRefreshListener.getRetryScheduledStatus()));
         assertEquals(1, runCount.get());
-        testRefreshListener.close();
+        testRefreshListener.drainRefreshes();
+        assertRefreshListenerClosed(testRefreshListener);
+    }
+
+    public void testTimeoutDuringClose() throws Exception {
+        // This test checks the expected behaviour when the drainRefreshes times out.
+        ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener(mock(ThreadPool.class)) {
+            @Override
+            protected boolean performAfterRefreshWithPermit(boolean didRefresh) {
+                try {
+                    Thread.sleep(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(2).millis());
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    throw new AssertionError(e);
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void beforeRefresh() {}
+
+            @Override
+            protected Logger getLogger() {
+                return logger;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            TimeValue getDrainTimeout() {
+                return TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(1);
+            }
+        };
+        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
+            try {
+                testRefreshListener.afterRefresh(true);
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new AssertionError(e);
+            }
+        });
+        thread1.start();
+        assertBusy(() -> assertEquals(0, testRefreshListener.availablePermits()));
+        RuntimeException ex = assertThrows(RuntimeException.class, testRefreshListener::drainRefreshes);
+        assertEquals("Failed to acquire all permits", ex.getMessage());
+        thread1.join();
+    }
+
+    public void testThreadInterruptDuringClose() throws Exception {
+        // This test checks the expected behaviour when the thread performing the drainRefresh is interrupted.
+        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(2);
+        ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener(mock(ThreadPool.class)) {
+            @Override
+            protected boolean performAfterRefreshWithPermit(boolean didRefresh) {
+                try {
+                    Thread.sleep(TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(2).millis());
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    throw new AssertionError(e);
+                }
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void beforeRefresh() {}
+
+            @Override
+            protected Logger getLogger() {
+                return logger;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            TimeValue getDrainTimeout() {
+                return TimeValue.timeValueSeconds(2);
+            }
+        };
+        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
+            try {
+                testRefreshListener.afterRefresh(true);
+                latch.countDown();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new AssertionError(e);
+            }
+        });
+        Thread thread2 = new Thread(() -> {
+            RuntimeException ex = assertThrows(RuntimeException.class, testRefreshListener::drainRefreshes);
+            assertEquals("Failed to acquire all permits", ex.getMessage());
+            latch.countDown();
+        });
+        thread1.start();
+        assertBusy(() -> assertEquals(0, testRefreshListener.availablePermits()));
+        thread2.start();
+        thread2.interrupt();
+        thread1.join();
+        thread2.join();
+        assertEquals(0, latch.getCount());
+    }
+
+    public void testResumeRefreshesAfterDrainRefreshes() {
+        // This test checks the expected behaviour when the refresh listener is drained, but then refreshes are resumed again
+        // by closing the releasables acquired by calling the drainRefreshes method.
+        ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener = new ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener(mock(ThreadPool.class)) {
+            @Override
+            protected boolean performAfterRefreshWithPermit(boolean didRefresh) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            @Override
+            public void beforeRefresh() {}
+
+            @Override
+            protected Logger getLogger() {
+                return logger;
+            }
+        };
+        assertRefreshListenerOpen(testRefreshListener);
+        Releasable releasable = testRefreshListener.drainRefreshes();
+        assertRefreshListenerClosed(testRefreshListener);
+        releasable.close();
+        assertRefreshListenerOpen(testRefreshListener);
     }
 
     @After
@@ -458,4 +577,14 @@ public void tearDown() throws Exception {
         super.tearDown();
         terminate(threadPool);
     }
+
+    private void assertRefreshListenerClosed(ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener) {
+        assertTrue(testRefreshListener.isClosed());
+        assertEquals(0, testRefreshListener.availablePermits());
+    }
+
+    private void assertRefreshListenerOpen(ReleasableRetryableRefreshListener testRefreshListener) {
+        assertFalse(testRefreshListener.isClosed());
+        assertEquals(1, testRefreshListener.availablePermits());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/RemoteStoreRefreshListenerTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/RemoteStoreRefreshListenerTests.java
index 51814283c5eb3..811d6a722d0f6 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/RemoteStoreRefreshListenerTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/shard/RemoteStoreRefreshListenerTests.java
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.index.store.RemoteSegmentStoreDirectory.MetadataFilenameUtils;
 import org.opensearch.index.store.Store;
 import org.opensearch.index.store.lockmanager.RemoteStoreLockManager;
+import org.opensearch.indices.recovery.RecoverySettings;
 import org.opensearch.indices.replication.checkpoint.SegmentReplicationCheckpointPublisher;
 import org.opensearch.indices.replication.common.ReplicationType;
 import org.opensearch.threadpool.ThreadPool;
@@ -237,7 +238,7 @@ public void testAfterMultipleCommits() throws IOException {
         setup(true, 3);
         assertDocs(indexShard, "1", "2", "3");
 
-        for (int i = 0; i < RemoteStoreRefreshListener.LAST_N_METADATA_FILES_TO_KEEP + 3; i++) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < indexShard.getRecoverySettings().getMinRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles() + 3; i++) {
             indexDocs(4 * (i + 1), 4);
             flushShard(indexShard);
         }
@@ -319,7 +320,7 @@ public void testRefreshSuccessOnFirstAttempt() throws Exception {
         // This is the case of isRetry=false, shouldRetry=false
         // Succeed on 1st attempt
         int succeedOnAttempt = 1;
-        // We spy on IndexShard.getReplicationTracker() to validate that we have tried running remote time as per the expectation.
+        // We spy on IndexShard.isPrimaryStarted() to validate that we have tried running remote time as per the expectation.
         CountDownLatch refreshCountLatch = new CountDownLatch(succeedOnAttempt);
         // We spy on IndexShard.getEngine() to validate that we have successfully hit the terminal code for ascertaining successful upload.
         // Value has been set as 3 as during a successful upload IndexShard.getEngine() is hit thrice and with mockito we are counting down
@@ -340,7 +341,7 @@ public void testRefreshSuccessOnSecondAttempt() throws Exception {
         // This covers 2 cases - 1) isRetry=false, shouldRetry=true 2) isRetry=true, shouldRetry=false
         // Succeed on 2nd attempt
         int succeedOnAttempt = 2;
-        // We spy on IndexShard.getReplicationTracker() to validate that we have tried running remote time as per the expectation.
+        // We spy on IndexShard.isPrimaryStarted() to validate that we have tried running remote time as per the expectation.
         CountDownLatch refreshCountLatch = new CountDownLatch(succeedOnAttempt);
         // We spy on IndexShard.getEngine() to validate that we have successfully hit the terminal code for ascertaining successful upload.
         // Value has been set as 3 as during a successful upload IndexShard.getEngine() is hit thrice and with mockito we are counting down
@@ -364,7 +365,7 @@ public void testRefreshSuccessOnSecondAttempt() throws Exception {
     public void testRefreshSuccessAfterFailureInFirstAttemptAfterSnapshotAndMetadataUpload() throws Exception {
         int succeedOnAttempt = 1;
         int checkpointPublishSucceedOnAttempt = 2;
-        // We spy on IndexShard.getReplicationTracker() to validate that we have tried running remote time as per the expectation.
+        // We spy on IndexShard.isPrimaryStarted() to validate that we have tried running remote time as per the expectation.
         CountDownLatch refreshCountLatch = new CountDownLatch(succeedOnAttempt);
         // We spy on IndexShard.getEngine() to validate that we have successfully hit the terminal code for ascertaining successful upload.
         // Value has been set as 6 as during a successful upload IndexShard.getEngine() is hit thrice and here we are running the flow twice
@@ -386,7 +387,7 @@ public void testRefreshSuccessOnThirdAttempt() throws Exception {
         // This covers 3 cases - 1) isRetry=false, shouldRetry=true 2) isRetry=true, shouldRetry=false 3) isRetry=True, shouldRetry=true
         // Succeed on 3rd attempt
         int succeedOnAttempt = 3;
-        // We spy on IndexShard.getReplicationTracker() to validate that we have tried running remote time as per the expectation.
+        // We spy on IndexShard.isPrimaryStarted() to validate that we have tried running remote time as per the expectation.
         CountDownLatch refreshCountLatch = new CountDownLatch(succeedOnAttempt);
         // We spy on IndexShard.getEngine() to validate that we have successfully hit the terminal code for ascertaining successful upload.
         // Value has been set as 3 as during a successful upload IndexShard.getEngine() is hit thrice and with mockito we are counting down
@@ -478,6 +479,7 @@ private Tuple<RemoteStoreRefreshListener, RemoteStoreStatsTrackerFactory> mockIn
         IndexShard shard = mock(IndexShard.class);
         Store store = mock(Store.class);
         when(shard.store()).thenReturn(store);
+        when(shard.state()).thenReturn(IndexShardState.STARTED);
         when(store.directory()).thenReturn(indexShard.store().directory());
 
         // Mock (RemoteSegmentStoreDirectory) ((FilterDirectory) ((FilterDirectory) indexShard.remoteStore().directory())
@@ -499,13 +501,12 @@ private Tuple<RemoteStoreRefreshListener, RemoteStoreStatsTrackerFactory> mockIn
         when(shard.getThreadPool()).thenReturn(threadPool);
 
         // Mock indexShard.getReplicationTracker().isPrimaryMode()
-
         doAnswer(invocation -> {
             if (Objects.nonNull(refreshCountLatch)) {
                 refreshCountLatch.countDown();
             }
-            return indexShard.getReplicationTracker();
-        }).when(shard).getReplicationTracker();
+            return true;
+        }).when(shard).isStartedPrimary();
 
         AtomicLong counter = new AtomicLong();
         // Mock indexShard.getSegmentInfosSnapshot()
@@ -550,6 +551,9 @@ private Tuple<RemoteStoreRefreshListener, RemoteStoreStatsTrackerFactory> mockIn
         RemoteStoreStatsTrackerFactory remoteStoreStatsTrackerFactory = indexShard.getRemoteStoreStatsTrackerFactory();
         when(shard.indexSettings()).thenReturn(indexShard.indexSettings());
         when(shard.shardId()).thenReturn(indexShard.shardId());
+        RecoverySettings recoverySettings = mock(RecoverySettings.class);
+        when(recoverySettings.getMinRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles()).thenReturn(10);
+        when(shard.getRecoverySettings()).thenReturn(recoverySettings);
         RemoteSegmentTransferTracker tracker = remoteStoreStatsTrackerFactory.getRemoteSegmentTransferTracker(indexShard.shardId());
         RemoteStoreRefreshListener refreshListener = new RemoteStoreRefreshListener(shard, emptyCheckpointPublisher, tracker);
         refreshListener.afterRefresh(true);
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/RemoteFsTranslogTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/RemoteFsTranslogTests.java
index 3cb65610fab58..6bfab278993ed 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/RemoteFsTranslogTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/RemoteFsTranslogTests.java
@@ -25,6 +25,8 @@
 import org.opensearch.common.blobstore.fs.FsBlobContainer;
 import org.opensearch.common.blobstore.fs.FsBlobStore;
 import org.opensearch.common.bytes.ReleasableBytesReference;
+import org.opensearch.common.lease.Releasable;
+import org.opensearch.common.lease.Releasables;
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.ClusterSettings;
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.concurrent.AbstractRunnable;
@@ -125,7 +127,6 @@ public class RemoteFsTranslogTests extends OpenSearchTestCase {
     private ThreadPool threadPool;
     private final static String METADATA_DIR = "metadata";
     private final static String DATA_DIR = "data";
-
     AtomicInteger writeCalls = new AtomicInteger();
     BlobStoreRepository repository;
 
@@ -133,6 +134,8 @@ public class RemoteFsTranslogTests extends OpenSearchTestCase {
 
     TestTranslog.FailSwitch fail;
 
+    TestTranslog.SlowDownWriteSwitch slowDown;
+
     private LongConsumer getPersistedSeqNoConsumer() {
         return seqNo -> {
             final LongConsumer consumer = persistedSeqNoConsumer.get();
@@ -228,13 +231,15 @@ private BlobStoreRepository createRepository() {
         final ClusterService clusterService = BlobStoreTestUtil.mockClusterService(repositoryMetadata);
         fail = new TestTranslog.FailSwitch();
         fail.failNever();
+        slowDown = new TestTranslog.SlowDownWriteSwitch();
         final FsRepository repository = new ThrowingBlobRepository(
             repositoryMetadata,
             createEnvironment(),
             xContentRegistry(),
             clusterService,
             new RecoverySettings(Settings.EMPTY, new ClusterSettings(Settings.EMPTY, ClusterSettings.BUILT_IN_CLUSTER_SETTINGS)),
-            fail
+            fail,
+            slowDown
         ) {
             @Override
             protected void assertSnapshotOrGenericThread() {
@@ -819,6 +824,79 @@ public void testMetadataFileDeletion() throws Exception {
         }
     }
 
+    public void testDrainSync() throws Exception {
+        // This test checks following scenarios -
+        // 1. During ongoing uploads, the available permits are 0.
+        // 2. During an upload, if drainSync is called, it will wait for it to acquire and available permits are 0.
+        // 3. After drainSync, if trimUnreferencedReaders is attempted, we do not delete from remote store.
+        // 4. After drainSync, if an upload is an attempted, we do not upload to remote store.
+        ArrayList<Translog.Operation> ops = new ArrayList<>();
+        assertEquals(0, translog.allUploaded().size());
+        assertEquals(1, translog.readers.size());
+
+        addToTranslogAndListAndUpload(translog, ops, new Translog.Index(String.valueOf(0), 0, primaryTerm.get(), new byte[] { 1 }));
+        assertEquals(4, translog.allUploaded().size());
+        assertEquals(2, translog.readers.size());
+        assertBusy(() -> assertEquals(1, blobStoreTransferService.listAll(getTranslogDirectory().add(METADATA_DIR)).size()));
+
+        translog.setMinSeqNoToKeep(0);
+        translog.trimUnreferencedReaders();
+        assertEquals(1, translog.readers.size());
+
+        // Case 1 - During ongoing uploads, the available permits are 0.
+        slowDown.setSleepSeconds(2);
+        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
+        Thread thread1 = new Thread(() -> {
+            try {
+                addToTranslogAndListAndUpload(translog, ops, new Translog.Index(String.valueOf(1), 1, primaryTerm.get(), new byte[] { 1 }));
+                assertEquals(2, blobStoreTransferService.listAll(getTranslogDirectory().add(METADATA_DIR)).size());
+                latch.countDown();
+            } catch (IOException e) {
+                throw new AssertionError(e);
+            }
+        });
+        thread1.start();
+        assertBusy(() -> assertEquals(0, translog.availablePermits()));
+        // Case 2 - During an upload, if drainSync is called, it will wait for it to acquire and available permits are 0.
+        Releasable releasable = translog.drainSync();
+        assertBusy(() -> assertEquals(0, latch.getCount()));
+        assertEquals(0, translog.availablePermits());
+        slowDown.setSleepSeconds(0);
+        assertEquals(6, translog.allUploaded().size());
+        assertEquals(2, translog.readers.size());
+        Set<String> mdFiles = blobStoreTransferService.listAll(getTranslogDirectory().add(METADATA_DIR));
+
+        // Case 3 - After drainSync, if trimUnreferencedReaders is attempted, we do not delete from remote store.
+        translog.setMinSeqNoToKeep(1);
+        translog.trimUnreferencedReaders();
+        assertEquals(1, translog.readers.size());
+        assertEquals(6, translog.allUploaded().size());
+        assertEquals(mdFiles, blobStoreTransferService.listAll(getTranslogDirectory().add(METADATA_DIR)));
+
+        // Case 4 - After drainSync, if an upload is an attempted, we do not upload to remote store.
+        Translog.Location loc = addToTranslogAndListAndUpload(
+            translog,
+            ops,
+            new Translog.Index(String.valueOf(2), 2, primaryTerm.get(), new byte[] { 1 })
+        );
+        assertEquals(1, translog.readers.size());
+        assertEquals(6, translog.allUploaded().size());
+        assertEquals(mdFiles, blobStoreTransferService.listAll(getTranslogDirectory().add(METADATA_DIR)));
+
+        // Refill the permits back
+        Releasables.close(releasable);
+        addToTranslogAndListAndUpload(translog, ops, new Translog.Index(String.valueOf(3), 3, primaryTerm.get(), new byte[] { 1 }));
+        assertEquals(2, translog.readers.size());
+        assertEquals(8, translog.allUploaded().size());
+        assertEquals(3, blobStoreTransferService.listAll(getTranslogDirectory().add(METADATA_DIR)).size());
+
+        translog.setMinSeqNoToKeep(3);
+        translog.trimUnreferencedReaders();
+        assertEquals(1, translog.readers.size());
+        assertBusy(() -> assertEquals(4, translog.allUploaded().size()));
+        assertBusy(() -> assertEquals(1, blobStoreTransferService.listAll(getTranslogDirectory().add(METADATA_DIR)).size()));
+    }
+
     private BlobPath getTranslogDirectory() {
         return repository.basePath().add(shardId.getIndex().getUUID()).add(String.valueOf(shardId.id())).add(TRANSLOG);
     }
@@ -1624,9 +1702,10 @@ public void testDownloadWithRetries() throws IOException {
     }
 
     public class ThrowingBlobRepository extends FsRepository {
-        private final Environment environment;
 
-        private TestTranslog.FailSwitch fail;
+        private final Environment environment;
+        private final TestTranslog.FailSwitch fail;
+        private final TestTranslog.SlowDownWriteSwitch slowDown;
 
         public ThrowingBlobRepository(
             RepositoryMetadata metadata,
@@ -1634,33 +1713,43 @@ public ThrowingBlobRepository(
             NamedXContentRegistry namedXContentRegistry,
             ClusterService clusterService,
             RecoverySettings recoverySettings,
-            TestTranslog.FailSwitch fail
+            TestTranslog.FailSwitch fail,
+            TestTranslog.SlowDownWriteSwitch slowDown
         ) {
             super(metadata, environment, namedXContentRegistry, clusterService, recoverySettings);
             this.environment = environment;
             this.fail = fail;
+            this.slowDown = slowDown;
         }
 
         protected BlobStore createBlobStore() throws Exception {
             final String location = REPOSITORIES_LOCATION_SETTING.get(getMetadata().settings());
             final Path locationFile = environment.resolveRepoFile(location);
-            return new ThrowingBlobStore(bufferSize, locationFile, isReadOnly(), fail);
+            return new ThrowingBlobStore(bufferSize, locationFile, isReadOnly(), fail, slowDown);
         }
     }
 
     private class ThrowingBlobStore extends FsBlobStore {
 
-        private TestTranslog.FailSwitch fail;
+        private final TestTranslog.FailSwitch fail;
+        private final TestTranslog.SlowDownWriteSwitch slowDown;
 
-        public ThrowingBlobStore(int bufferSizeInBytes, Path path, boolean readonly, TestTranslog.FailSwitch fail) throws IOException {
+        public ThrowingBlobStore(
+            int bufferSizeInBytes,
+            Path path,
+            boolean readonly,
+            TestTranslog.FailSwitch fail,
+            TestTranslog.SlowDownWriteSwitch slowDown
+        ) throws IOException {
             super(bufferSizeInBytes, path, readonly);
             this.fail = fail;
+            this.slowDown = slowDown;
         }
 
         @Override
         public BlobContainer blobContainer(BlobPath path) {
             try {
-                return new ThrowingBlobContainer(this, path, buildAndCreate(path), fail);
+                return new ThrowingBlobContainer(this, path, buildAndCreate(path), fail, slowDown);
             } catch (IOException ex) {
                 throw new OpenSearchException("failed to create blob container", ex);
             }
@@ -1670,17 +1759,33 @@ public BlobContainer blobContainer(BlobPath path) {
     private class ThrowingBlobContainer extends FsBlobContainer {
 
         private TestTranslog.FailSwitch fail;
-
-        public ThrowingBlobContainer(FsBlobStore blobStore, BlobPath blobPath, Path path, TestTranslog.FailSwitch fail) {
+        private final TestTranslog.SlowDownWriteSwitch slowDown;
+
+        public ThrowingBlobContainer(
+            FsBlobStore blobStore,
+            BlobPath blobPath,
+            Path path,
+            TestTranslog.FailSwitch fail,
+            TestTranslog.SlowDownWriteSwitch slowDown
+        ) {
             super(blobStore, blobPath, path);
             this.fail = fail;
+            this.slowDown = slowDown;
         }
 
+        @Override
         public void writeBlobAtomic(final String blobName, final InputStream inputStream, final long blobSize, boolean failIfAlreadyExists)
             throws IOException {
             if (fail.fail()) {
                 throw new IOException("blob container throwing error");
             }
+            if (slowDown.getSleepSeconds() > 0) {
+                try {
+                    Thread.sleep(slowDown.getSleepSeconds() * 1000L);
+                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
+                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
+                }
+            }
             super.writeBlobAtomic(blobName, inputStream, blobSize, failIfAlreadyExists);
         }
     }
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/TestTranslog.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/TestTranslog.java
index fd4be1d7a8635..01c8844b51b02 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/TestTranslog.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/index/translog/TestTranslog.java
@@ -335,6 +335,18 @@ public void onceFailedFailAlways() {
         }
     }
 
+    static class SlowDownWriteSwitch {
+        private volatile int sleepSeconds;
+
+        public void setSleepSeconds(int sleepSeconds) {
+            this.sleepSeconds = sleepSeconds;
+        }
+
+        public int getSleepSeconds() {
+            return sleepSeconds;
+        }
+    }
+
     static class SortedSnapshot implements Translog.Snapshot {
         private final Translog.Snapshot snapshot;
         private List<Translog.Operation> operations = null;
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/indices/recovery/RecoverySettingsDynamicUpdateTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/indices/recovery/RecoverySettingsDynamicUpdateTests.java
index 75639661f539d..18e7dfb375132 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/indices/recovery/RecoverySettingsDynamicUpdateTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/indices/recovery/RecoverySettingsDynamicUpdateTests.java
@@ -96,4 +96,49 @@ public void testInternalLongActionTimeout() {
         );
         assertEquals(new TimeValue(duration, timeUnit), recoverySettings.internalActionLongTimeout());
     }
+
+    public void testSegmentMetadataRetention() {
+        // Default value
+        assertEquals(10, recoverySettings.getMinRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles());
+
+        // Setting value < default (10)
+        clusterSettings.applySettings(
+            Settings.builder().put(RecoverySettings.CLUSTER_REMOTE_INDEX_SEGMENT_METADATA_RETENTION_MAX_COUNT_SETTING.getKey(), 5).build()
+        );
+        assertEquals(5, recoverySettings.getMinRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles());
+
+        // Setting min value
+        clusterSettings.applySettings(
+            Settings.builder().put(RecoverySettings.CLUSTER_REMOTE_INDEX_SEGMENT_METADATA_RETENTION_MAX_COUNT_SETTING.getKey(), -1).build()
+        );
+        assertEquals(-1, recoverySettings.getMinRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles());
+
+        // Setting value > default (10)
+        clusterSettings.applySettings(
+            Settings.builder().put(RecoverySettings.CLUSTER_REMOTE_INDEX_SEGMENT_METADATA_RETENTION_MAX_COUNT_SETTING.getKey(), 15).build()
+        );
+        assertEquals(15, recoverySettings.getMinRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles());
+
+        // Setting value to 0 should fail and retain the existing value
+        assertThrows(
+            IllegalArgumentException.class,
+            () -> clusterSettings.applySettings(
+                Settings.builder()
+                    .put(RecoverySettings.CLUSTER_REMOTE_INDEX_SEGMENT_METADATA_RETENTION_MAX_COUNT_SETTING.getKey(), 0)
+                    .build()
+            )
+        );
+        assertEquals(15, recoverySettings.getMinRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles());
+
+        // Setting value < -1 should fail and retain the existing value
+        assertThrows(
+            IllegalArgumentException.class,
+            () -> clusterSettings.applySettings(
+                Settings.builder()
+                    .put(RecoverySettings.CLUSTER_REMOTE_INDEX_SEGMENT_METADATA_RETENTION_MAX_COUNT_SETTING.getKey(), -5)
+                    .build()
+            )
+        );
+        assertEquals(15, recoverySettings.getMinRemoteSegmentMetadataFiles());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationTargetServiceTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationTargetServiceTests.java
index 252f3975bab25..f284a425a417b 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationTargetServiceTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/indices/replication/SegmentReplicationTargetServiceTests.java
@@ -12,11 +12,18 @@
 import org.opensearch.ExceptionsHelper;
 import org.opensearch.OpenSearchException;
 import org.opensearch.Version;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.ClusterChangedEvent;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.ClusterName;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.ClusterState;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.metadata.IndexMetadata;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.node.DiscoveryNode;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.node.DiscoveryNodes;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.IndexRoutingTable;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.RecoverySource;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.RoutingTable;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.ShardRouting;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.ShardRoutingState;
+import org.opensearch.cluster.routing.UnassignedInfo;
 import org.opensearch.cluster.service.ClusterService;
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.ClusterSettings;
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
@@ -24,6 +31,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.core.action.ActionListener;
 import org.opensearch.core.index.shard.ShardId;
 import org.opensearch.core.transport.TransportResponse;
+import org.opensearch.index.IndexService;
 import org.opensearch.index.engine.NRTReplicationEngineFactory;
 import org.opensearch.index.replication.TestReplicationSource;
 import org.opensearch.index.shard.IndexShard;
@@ -51,6 +59,7 @@
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Collections;
 import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
 import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
@@ -91,6 +100,8 @@ public class SegmentReplicationTargetServiceTests extends IndexShardTestCase {
     private SegmentReplicationState state;
     private ReplicationCheckpoint initialCheckpoint;
 
+    private ClusterState clusterState;
+
     private static final long TRANSPORT_TIMEOUT = 30000;// 30sec
 
     @Override
@@ -129,7 +140,7 @@ public void setUp() throws Exception {
 
         indicesService = mock(IndicesService.class);
         ClusterService clusterService = mock(ClusterService.class);
-        ClusterState clusterState = mock(ClusterState.class);
+        clusterState = mock(ClusterState.class);
         RoutingTable mockRoutingTable = mock(RoutingTable.class);
         when(clusterService.state()).thenReturn(clusterState);
         when(clusterState.routingTable()).thenReturn(mockRoutingTable);
@@ -465,9 +476,22 @@ public void testStartReplicationListenerFailure() throws InterruptedException {
         verify(spy, (never())).updateVisibleCheckpoint(eq(0L), eq(replicaShard));
     }
 
-    public void testDoNotProcessLatestCheckpointIfItIsbehind() {
-        sut.updateLatestReceivedCheckpoint(replicaShard.getLatestReplicationCheckpoint(), replicaShard);
-        assertFalse(sut.processLatestReceivedCheckpoint(replicaShard, null));
+    public void testDoNotProcessLatestCheckpointIfCheckpointIsBehind() {
+        SegmentReplicationTargetService service = spy(sut);
+        doReturn(mock(SegmentReplicationTarget.class)).when(service).startReplication(any(), any(), any());
+        ReplicationCheckpoint checkpoint = replicaShard.getLatestReplicationCheckpoint();
+        service.updateLatestReceivedCheckpoint(checkpoint, replicaShard);
+        service.processLatestReceivedCheckpoint(replicaShard, null);
+        verify(service, times(0)).startReplication(eq(replicaShard), eq(checkpoint), any());
+    }
+
+    public void testProcessLatestCheckpointIfCheckpointAhead() {
+        SegmentReplicationTargetService service = spy(sut);
+        doNothing().when(service).startReplication(any());
+        doReturn(mock(SegmentReplicationTarget.class)).when(service).startReplication(any(), any(), any());
+        service.updateLatestReceivedCheckpoint(aheadCheckpoint, replicaShard);
+        service.processLatestReceivedCheckpoint(replicaShard, null);
+        verify(service, times(1)).startReplication(eq(replicaShard), eq(aheadCheckpoint), any());
     }
 
     public void testOnNewCheckpointInvokedOnClosedShardDoesNothing() throws IOException {
@@ -617,4 +641,46 @@ public void onReplicationFailure(SegmentReplicationState state, ReplicationFaile
         target.cancel("test");
         sut.startReplication(target);
     }
+
+    public void testProcessCheckpointOnClusterStateUpdate() {
+        // set up mocks on indicies & index service to return our replica's index & shard.
+        IndexService indexService = mock(IndexService.class);
+        when(indexService.iterator()).thenReturn(Set.of(replicaShard).iterator());
+        when(indexService.getIndexSettings()).thenReturn(replicaShard.indexSettings());
+        when(indexService.index()).thenReturn(replicaShard.routingEntry().index());
+        when(indicesService.iterator()).thenReturn(Set.of(indexService).iterator());
+
+        // create old & new cluster states
+        final String targetNodeId = "targetNodeId";
+        ShardRouting initialRouting = primaryShard.routingEntry().relocate(targetNodeId, 0L);
+        assertEquals(ShardRoutingState.RELOCATING, initialRouting.state());
+
+        ShardRouting targetRouting = ShardRouting.newUnassigned(
+            primaryShard.shardId(),
+            true,
+            RecoverySource.PeerRecoverySource.INSTANCE,
+            new UnassignedInfo(UnassignedInfo.Reason.REINITIALIZED, "test")
+        ).initialize(targetNodeId, initialRouting.allocationId().getId(), 0L).moveToStarted();
+        assertEquals(targetNodeId, targetRouting.currentNodeId());
+        assertEquals(ShardRoutingState.STARTED, targetRouting.state());
+        ClusterState oldState = ClusterState.builder(ClusterName.DEFAULT)
+            .routingTable(
+                RoutingTable.builder()
+                    .add(IndexRoutingTable.builder(primaryShard.shardId().getIndex()).addShard(initialRouting).build())
+                    .build()
+            )
+            .build();
+        ClusterState newState = ClusterState.builder(ClusterName.DEFAULT)
+            .routingTable(
+                RoutingTable.builder()
+                    .add(IndexRoutingTable.builder(primaryShard.shardId().getIndex()).addShard(targetRouting).build())
+                    .build()
+            )
+            .build();
+
+        // spy so we can verify process is invoked
+        SegmentReplicationTargetService spy = spy(sut);
+        spy.clusterChanged(new ClusterChangedEvent("ignored", oldState, newState));
+        verify(spy, times(1)).processLatestReceivedCheckpoint(eq(replicaShard), any());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/AdmissionControlServiceTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/AdmissionControlServiceTests.java
index bac4eaf3fd677..7a67ffc8c7c5d 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/AdmissionControlServiceTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/AdmissionControlServiceTests.java
@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.ClusterSettings;
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers.AdmissionController;
-import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers.CPUBasedAdmissionController;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers.CpuBasedAdmissionController;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
 import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlMode;
-import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.settings.CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.settings.CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings;
 import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchTestCase;
 import org.opensearch.threadpool.TestThreadPool;
 import org.opensearch.threadpool.ThreadPool;
@@ -46,13 +47,13 @@ public void tearDown() throws Exception {
     }
 
     public void testWhenAdmissionControllerRegistered() {
-        admissionControlService = new AdmissionControlService(Settings.EMPTY, clusterService.getClusterSettings(), threadPool);
+        admissionControlService = new AdmissionControlService(Settings.EMPTY, clusterService, threadPool, null);
         assertEquals(admissionControlService.getAdmissionControllers().size(), 1);
     }
 
     public void testRegisterInvalidAdmissionController() {
         String test = "TEST";
-        admissionControlService = new AdmissionControlService(Settings.EMPTY, clusterService.getClusterSettings(), threadPool);
+        admissionControlService = new AdmissionControlService(Settings.EMPTY, clusterService, threadPool, null);
         assertEquals(admissionControlService.getAdmissionControllers().size(), 1);
         IllegalArgumentException ex = expectThrows(
             IllegalArgumentException.class,
@@ -62,12 +63,12 @@ public void testRegisterInvalidAdmissionController() {
     }
 
     public void testAdmissionControllerSettings() {
-        admissionControlService = new AdmissionControlService(Settings.EMPTY, clusterService.getClusterSettings(), threadPool);
+        admissionControlService = new AdmissionControlService(Settings.EMPTY, clusterService, threadPool, null);
         AdmissionControlSettings admissionControlSettings = admissionControlService.admissionControlSettings;
         List<AdmissionController> admissionControllerList = admissionControlService.getAdmissionControllers();
         assertEquals(admissionControllerList.size(), 1);
-        CPUBasedAdmissionController cpuBasedAdmissionController = (CPUBasedAdmissionController) admissionControlService
-            .getAdmissionController(CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER);
+        CpuBasedAdmissionController cpuBasedAdmissionController = (CpuBasedAdmissionController) admissionControlService
+            .getAdmissionController(CpuBasedAdmissionController.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER);
         assertEquals(
             admissionControlSettings.isTransportLayerAdmissionControlEnabled(),
             cpuBasedAdmissionController.isEnabledForTransportLayer(
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@ public void testAdmissionControllerSettings() {
         Settings newSettings = Settings.builder()
             .put(settings)
             .put(
-                CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
+                CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
                 AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED.getMode()
             )
             .build();
@@ -105,36 +106,53 @@ public void testAdmissionControllerSettings() {
 
     public void testApplyAdmissionControllerDisabled() {
         this.action = "indices:data/write/bulk[s][p]";
-        admissionControlService = new AdmissionControlService(Settings.EMPTY, clusterService.getClusterSettings(), threadPool);
-        admissionControlService.applyTransportAdmissionControl(this.action);
+        admissionControlService = new AdmissionControlService(Settings.EMPTY, clusterService, threadPool, null);
+        admissionControlService.applyTransportAdmissionControl(this.action, null);
         List<AdmissionController> admissionControllerList = admissionControlService.getAdmissionControllers();
-        admissionControllerList.forEach(admissionController -> { assertEquals(admissionController.getRejectionCount(), 0); });
+        admissionControllerList.forEach(admissionController -> {
+            assertEquals(admissionController.getRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType()), 0);
+        });
     }
 
     public void testApplyAdmissionControllerEnabled() {
         this.action = "indices:data/write/bulk[s][p]";
-        admissionControlService = new AdmissionControlService(Settings.EMPTY, clusterService.getClusterSettings(), threadPool);
-        admissionControlService.applyTransportAdmissionControl(this.action);
+        admissionControlService = new AdmissionControlService(Settings.EMPTY, clusterService, threadPool, null);
+        admissionControlService.applyTransportAdmissionControl(this.action, null);
         assertEquals(
-            admissionControlService.getAdmissionController(CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER)
-                .getRejectionCount(),
+            admissionControlService.getAdmissionController(CpuBasedAdmissionController.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER)
+                .getRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType()),
             0
         );
 
         Settings settings = Settings.builder()
             .put(
-                CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
+                CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
                 AdmissionControlMode.MONITOR.getMode()
             )
             .build();
         clusterService.getClusterSettings().applySettings(settings);
-        admissionControlService.applyTransportAdmissionControl(this.action);
         List<AdmissionController> admissionControllerList = admissionControlService.getAdmissionControllers();
         assertEquals(admissionControllerList.size(), 1);
+    }
+
+    public void testApplyAdmissionControllerEnforced() {
+        this.action = "indices:data/write/bulk[s][p]";
+        admissionControlService = new AdmissionControlService(Settings.EMPTY, clusterService, threadPool, null);
+        admissionControlService.applyTransportAdmissionControl(this.action, null);
         assertEquals(
-            admissionControlService.getAdmissionController(CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER)
-                .getRejectionCount(),
-            1
+            admissionControlService.getAdmissionController(CpuBasedAdmissionController.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER)
+                .getRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType()),
+            0
         );
+
+        Settings settings = Settings.builder()
+            .put(
+                CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
+                AdmissionControlMode.MONITOR.getMode()
+            )
+            .build();
+        clusterService.getClusterSettings().applySettings(settings);
+        List<AdmissionController> admissionControllerList = admissionControlService.getAdmissionControllers();
+        assertEquals(admissionControllerList.size(), 1);
     }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/AdmissionControlSingleNodeTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/AdmissionControlSingleNodeTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..a1694b2c3cee2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/AdmissionControlSingleNodeTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol;
+
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.cluster.settings.ClusterUpdateSettingsRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.cluster.state.ClusterStateRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.admin.cluster.state.ClusterStateResponse;
+import org.opensearch.action.bulk.BulkRequestBuilder;
+import org.opensearch.action.bulk.BulkResponse;
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchPhaseExecutionException;
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
+import org.opensearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
+import org.opensearch.common.action.ActionFuture;
+import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.opensearch.common.unit.TimeValue;
+import org.opensearch.node.ResourceUsageCollectorService;
+import org.opensearch.node.resource.tracker.ResourceTrackerSettings;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlMode;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.stats.AdmissionControllerStats;
+import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchSingleNodeTestCase;
+import org.junit.After;
+
+import static org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.AdmissionControlSettings.ADMISSION_CONTROL_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE;
+import static org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.settings.CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.INDEXING_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT;
+import static org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.settings.CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT;
+import static org.opensearch.test.hamcrest.OpenSearchAssertions.assertAcked;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
+
+/**
+ * Single node integration tests for admission control
+ */
+public class AdmissionControlSingleNodeTests extends OpenSearchSingleNodeTestCase {
+
+    @Override
+    protected boolean resetNodeAfterTest() {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    @After
+    public void cleanup() {
+        assertAcked(
+            client().admin()
+                .cluster()
+                .prepareUpdateSettings()
+                .setPersistentSettings(Settings.builder().putNull("*"))
+                .setTransientSettings(Settings.builder().putNull("*"))
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Settings nodeSettings() {
+        return Settings.builder()
+            .put(super.nodeSettings())
+            .put(ResourceTrackerSettings.GLOBAL_CPU_USAGE_AC_WINDOW_DURATION_SETTING.getKey(), TimeValue.timeValueMillis(500))
+            .put(ResourceTrackerSettings.GLOBAL_JVM_USAGE_AC_WINDOW_DURATION_SETTING.getKey(), TimeValue.timeValueMillis(500))
+            .put(ADMISSION_CONTROL_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(), AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED)
+            .put(SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.getKey(), 0)
+            .put(INDEXING_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.getKey(), 0)
+            .build();
+    }
+
+    public void testAdmissionControlRejectionEnforcedMode() throws Exception {
+        ensureGreen();
+        assertBusy(() -> assertEquals(1, getInstanceFromNode(ResourceUsageCollectorService.class).getAllNodeStatistics().size()));
+        // Thread.sleep(700);
+        client().admin().indices().prepareCreate("index").execute().actionGet();
+        BulkRequestBuilder bulk = client().prepareBulk();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            bulk.add(client().prepareIndex("index").setSource("foo", "bar " + i));
+        }
+        // Verify that cluster state is updated
+        ActionFuture<ClusterStateResponse> future2 = client().admin().cluster().state(new ClusterStateRequest());
+        assertThat(future2.isDone(), is(true));
+
+        // verify bulk request hits 429
+        BulkResponse res = client().bulk(bulk.request()).actionGet();
+        assertEquals(429, res.getItems()[0].getFailure().getStatus().getStatus());
+        AdmissionControlService admissionControlService = getInstanceFromNode(AdmissionControlService.class);
+        AdmissionControllerStats acStats = admissionControlService.stats().getAdmissionControllerStatsList().get(0);
+        assertEquals(1, (long) acStats.getRejectionCount().get(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType()));
+        client().admin().indices().prepareRefresh("index").get();
+
+        // verify search request hits 429
+        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest("index");
+        try {
+            client().search(searchRequest).actionGet();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            assertTrue(((SearchPhaseExecutionException) e).getDetailedMessage().contains("OpenSearchRejectedExecutionException"));
+        }
+        acStats = admissionControlService.stats().getAdmissionControllerStatsList().get(0);
+        assertEquals(1, (long) acStats.getRejectionCount().get(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType()));
+    }
+
+    public void testAdmissionControlRejectionMonitorOnlyMode() throws Exception {
+        assertBusy(() -> assertEquals(1, getInstanceFromNode(ResourceUsageCollectorService.class).getAllNodeStatistics().size()));
+        // Verify that cluster state is updated
+        ActionFuture<ClusterStateResponse> future2 = client().admin().cluster().state(new ClusterStateRequest());
+        assertThat(future2.isDone(), is(true));
+
+        ClusterUpdateSettingsRequest updateSettingsRequest = new ClusterUpdateSettingsRequest();
+        updateSettingsRequest.transientSettings(
+            Settings.builder()
+                .put(super.nodeSettings())
+                .put(ADMISSION_CONTROL_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(), AdmissionControlMode.MONITOR.getMode())
+        );
+        assertAcked(client().admin().cluster().updateSettings(updateSettingsRequest).actionGet());
+
+        BulkRequestBuilder bulk = client().prepareBulk();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            bulk.add(client().prepareIndex("index").setSource("foo", "bar " + i));
+        }
+        // verify bulk request success but admission control having rejections stats
+        BulkResponse res = client().bulk(bulk.request()).actionGet();
+        assertFalse(res.hasFailures());
+        AdmissionControlService admissionControlService = getInstanceFromNode(AdmissionControlService.class);
+        AdmissionControllerStats acStats = admissionControlService.stats().getAdmissionControllerStatsList().get(0);
+        assertEquals(1, (long) acStats.getRejectionCount().get(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType()));
+        client().admin().indices().prepareRefresh("index").get();
+
+        // verify search request success but admission control having rejections stats
+        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest("index");
+        SearchResponse searchResponse = client().search(searchRequest).actionGet();
+        assertEquals(3, searchResponse.getHits().getHits().length);
+        acStats = admissionControlService.stats().getAdmissionControllerStatsList().get(0);
+        assertEquals(1, (long) acStats.getRejectionCount().get(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType()));
+    }
+
+    public void testAdmissionControlRejectionDisabledMode() throws Exception {
+        assertBusy(() -> assertEquals(1, getInstanceFromNode(ResourceUsageCollectorService.class).getAllNodeStatistics().size()));
+        // Verify that cluster state is updated
+        ActionFuture<ClusterStateResponse> future2 = client().admin().cluster().state(new ClusterStateRequest());
+        assertThat(future2.isDone(), is(true));
+
+        ClusterUpdateSettingsRequest updateSettingsRequest = new ClusterUpdateSettingsRequest();
+        updateSettingsRequest.transientSettings(
+            Settings.builder().put(super.nodeSettings()).put(ADMISSION_CONTROL_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(), AdmissionControlMode.DISABLED)
+        );
+        assertAcked(client().admin().cluster().updateSettings(updateSettingsRequest).actionGet());
+
+        BulkRequestBuilder bulk = client().prepareBulk();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            bulk.add(client().prepareIndex("index").setSource("foo", "bar " + i));
+        }
+        // verify bulk request success and no rejections
+        BulkResponse res = client().bulk(bulk.request()).actionGet();
+        assertFalse(res.hasFailures());
+        AdmissionControlService admissionControlService = getInstanceFromNode(AdmissionControlService.class);
+        AdmissionControllerStats acStats = admissionControlService.stats().getAdmissionControllerStatsList().get(0);
+        assertEquals(0, acStats.getRejectionCount().size());
+        client().admin().indices().prepareRefresh("index").get();
+
+        // verify search request success and no rejections
+        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest("index");
+        SearchResponse searchResponse = client().search(searchRequest).actionGet();
+        assertEquals(3, searchResponse.getHits().getHits().length);
+        acStats = admissionControlService.stats().getAdmissionControllerStatsList().get(0);
+        assertEquals(0, acStats.getRejectionCount().size());
+
+    }
+
+    public void testAdmissionControlWithinLimits() throws Exception {
+        assertBusy(() -> assertEquals(1, getInstanceFromNode(ResourceUsageCollectorService.class).getAllNodeStatistics().size()));
+        // Verify that cluster state is updated
+        ActionFuture<ClusterStateResponse> future2 = client().admin().cluster().state(new ClusterStateRequest());
+        assertThat(future2.isDone(), is(true));
+
+        ClusterUpdateSettingsRequest updateSettingsRequest = new ClusterUpdateSettingsRequest();
+        updateSettingsRequest.transientSettings(
+            Settings.builder()
+                .put(super.nodeSettings())
+                .put(ADMISSION_CONTROL_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(), AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED)
+                .put(SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.getKey(), 101)
+                .put(INDEXING_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.getKey(), 101)
+        );
+        assertAcked(client().admin().cluster().updateSettings(updateSettingsRequest).actionGet());
+
+        BulkRequestBuilder bulk = client().prepareBulk();
+        for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+            bulk.add(client().prepareIndex("index").setSource("foo", "bar " + i));
+        }
+        // verify bulk request success and no rejections
+        BulkResponse res = client().bulk(bulk.request()).actionGet();
+        assertFalse(res.hasFailures());
+        AdmissionControlService admissionControlService = getInstanceFromNode(AdmissionControlService.class);
+        AdmissionControllerStats acStats = admissionControlService.stats().getAdmissionControllerStatsList().get(0);
+        assertEquals(0, acStats.getRejectionCount().size());
+        client().admin().indices().prepareRefresh("index").get();
+
+        // verify search request success and no rejections
+        SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest("index");
+        SearchResponse searchResponse = client().search(searchRequest).actionGet();
+        assertEquals(3, searchResponse.getHits().getHits().length);
+        acStats = admissionControlService.stats().getAdmissionControllerStatsList().get(0);
+        assertEquals(0, acStats.getRejectionCount().size());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/controllers/CPUBasedAdmissionControllerTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/controllers/CPUBasedAdmissionControllerTests.java
deleted file mode 100644
index af6ec0749e709..0000000000000
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/controllers/CPUBasedAdmissionControllerTests.java
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
- *
- * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
- * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
- * compatible open source license.
- */
-
-package org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers;
-
-import org.opensearch.cluster.service.ClusterService;
-import org.opensearch.common.settings.ClusterSettings;
-import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
-import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlMode;
-import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.settings.CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings;
-import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchTestCase;
-import org.opensearch.threadpool.TestThreadPool;
-import org.opensearch.threadpool.ThreadPool;
-
-public class CPUBasedAdmissionControllerTests extends OpenSearchTestCase {
-    private ClusterService clusterService;
-    private ThreadPool threadPool;
-    CPUBasedAdmissionController admissionController = null;
-
-    String action = "TEST_ACTION";
-
-    @Override
-    public void setUp() throws Exception {
-        super.setUp();
-        threadPool = new TestThreadPool("admission_controller_settings_test");
-        clusterService = new ClusterService(
-            Settings.EMPTY,
-            new ClusterSettings(Settings.EMPTY, ClusterSettings.BUILT_IN_CLUSTER_SETTINGS),
-            threadPool
-        );
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
-        super.tearDown();
-        threadPool.shutdownNow();
-    }
-
-    public void testCheckDefaultParameters() {
-        admissionController = new CPUBasedAdmissionController(
-            CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER,
-            Settings.EMPTY,
-            clusterService.getClusterSettings()
-        );
-        assertEquals(admissionController.getName(), CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER);
-        assertEquals(admissionController.getRejectionCount(), 0);
-        assertEquals(admissionController.settings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode(), AdmissionControlMode.DISABLED);
-        assertFalse(
-            admissionController.isEnabledForTransportLayer(admissionController.settings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode())
-        );
-    }
-
-    public void testCheckUpdateSettings() {
-        admissionController = new CPUBasedAdmissionController(
-            CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER,
-            Settings.EMPTY,
-            clusterService.getClusterSettings()
-        );
-        Settings settings = Settings.builder()
-            .put(
-                CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
-                AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED.getMode()
-            )
-            .build();
-        clusterService.getClusterSettings().applySettings(settings);
-
-        assertEquals(admissionController.getName(), CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER);
-        assertEquals(admissionController.getRejectionCount(), 0);
-        assertEquals(admissionController.settings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode(), AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED);
-        assertTrue(admissionController.isEnabledForTransportLayer(admissionController.settings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode()));
-    }
-
-    public void testApplyControllerWithDefaultSettings() {
-        admissionController = new CPUBasedAdmissionController(
-            CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER,
-            Settings.EMPTY,
-            clusterService.getClusterSettings()
-        );
-        assertEquals(admissionController.getRejectionCount(), 0);
-        assertEquals(admissionController.settings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode(), AdmissionControlMode.DISABLED);
-        action = "indices:data/write/bulk[s][p]";
-        admissionController.apply(action);
-        assertEquals(admissionController.getRejectionCount(), 0);
-    }
-
-    public void testApplyControllerWhenSettingsEnabled() {
-        Settings settings = Settings.builder()
-            .put(
-                CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
-                AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED.getMode()
-            )
-            .build();
-        admissionController = new CPUBasedAdmissionController(
-            CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER,
-            settings,
-            clusterService.getClusterSettings()
-        );
-        assertTrue(admissionController.isEnabledForTransportLayer(admissionController.settings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode()));
-        assertEquals(admissionController.getRejectionCount(), 0);
-        action = "indices:data/write/bulk[s][p]";
-        admissionController.apply(action);
-        assertEquals(admissionController.getRejectionCount(), 1);
-    }
-}
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/controllers/CpuBasedAdmissionControllerTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/controllers/CpuBasedAdmissionControllerTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e72c0cd58ed64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/controllers/CpuBasedAdmissionControllerTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers;
+
+import org.opensearch.cluster.service.ClusterService;
+import org.opensearch.common.settings.ClusterSettings;
+import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.opensearch.node.ResourceUsageCollectorService;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlMode;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.settings.CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings;
+import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchTestCase;
+import org.opensearch.threadpool.TestThreadPool;
+import org.opensearch.threadpool.ThreadPool;
+
+import org.mockito.Mockito;
+
+public class CpuBasedAdmissionControllerTests extends OpenSearchTestCase {
+    private ClusterService clusterService;
+    private ThreadPool threadPool;
+    CpuBasedAdmissionController admissionController = null;
+    String action = "TEST_ACTION";
+
+    @Override
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        threadPool = new TestThreadPool("admission_controller_settings_test");
+        clusterService = new ClusterService(
+            Settings.EMPTY,
+            new ClusterSettings(Settings.EMPTY, ClusterSettings.BUILT_IN_CLUSTER_SETTINGS),
+            threadPool
+        );
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+        threadPool.shutdownNow();
+    }
+
+    public void testCheckDefaultParameters() {
+        admissionController = new CpuBasedAdmissionController(
+            CpuBasedAdmissionController.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER,
+            null,
+            clusterService,
+            Settings.EMPTY
+        );
+        assertEquals(admissionController.getName(), CpuBasedAdmissionController.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER);
+        assertEquals(admissionController.getRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType()), 0);
+        assertEquals(admissionController.settings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode(), AdmissionControlMode.DISABLED);
+        assertFalse(
+            admissionController.isEnabledForTransportLayer(admissionController.settings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode())
+        );
+    }
+
+    public void testCheckUpdateSettings() {
+        admissionController = new CpuBasedAdmissionController(
+            CpuBasedAdmissionController.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER,
+            null,
+            clusterService,
+            Settings.EMPTY
+        );
+        Settings settings = Settings.builder()
+            .put(
+                CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
+                AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED.getMode()
+            )
+            .build();
+        clusterService.getClusterSettings().applySettings(settings);
+
+        assertEquals(admissionController.getName(), CpuBasedAdmissionController.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER);
+        assertEquals(admissionController.getRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType()), 0);
+        assertEquals(admissionController.settings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode(), AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED);
+        assertTrue(admissionController.isEnabledForTransportLayer(admissionController.settings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode()));
+    }
+
+    public void testApplyControllerWithDefaultSettings() {
+        ResourceUsageCollectorService rs = Mockito.mock(ResourceUsageCollectorService.class);
+        admissionController = new CpuBasedAdmissionController(
+            CpuBasedAdmissionController.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER,
+            rs,
+            clusterService,
+            Settings.EMPTY
+        );
+        assertEquals(admissionController.getRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType()), 0);
+        assertEquals(admissionController.settings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode(), AdmissionControlMode.DISABLED);
+        action = "indices:data/write/bulk[s][p]";
+        admissionController.apply(action, AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING);
+        assertEquals(admissionController.getRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType()), 0);
+    }
+
+    public void testApplyControllerWhenSettingsEnabled() throws Exception {
+        Settings settings = Settings.builder()
+            .put(
+                CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
+                AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED.getMode()
+            )
+            .build();
+        ResourceUsageCollectorService rs = Mockito.mock(ResourceUsageCollectorService.class);
+        admissionController = new CpuBasedAdmissionController(
+            CpuBasedAdmissionController.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER,
+            rs,
+            clusterService,
+            settings
+        );
+        assertTrue(admissionController.isEnabledForTransportLayer(admissionController.settings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode()));
+        assertTrue(
+            admissionController.isAdmissionControllerEnforced(admissionController.settings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode())
+        );
+        assertEquals(admissionController.getRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType()), 0);
+        // we can assert admission control and rejections as part of ITs
+    }
+
+    public void testRejectionCount() {
+        Settings settings = Settings.builder()
+            .put(
+                CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
+                AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED.getMode()
+            )
+            .build();
+        ResourceUsageCollectorService rs = Mockito.mock(ResourceUsageCollectorService.class);
+        admissionController = new CpuBasedAdmissionController(
+            CpuBasedAdmissionController.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER,
+            rs,
+            clusterService,
+            settings
+        );
+        admissionController.addRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType(), 1);
+        admissionController.addRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType(), 3);
+        assertEquals(admissionController.getRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType()), 1);
+        assertEquals(admissionController.getRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType()), 3);
+        admissionController.addRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType(), 1);
+        admissionController.addRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType(), 2);
+        assertEquals(admissionController.getRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType()), 2);
+        assertEquals(admissionController.getRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType()), 5);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/enums/TransportActionTypeTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/enums/AdmissionControlActionTypeTests.java
similarity index 53%
rename from server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/enums/TransportActionTypeTests.java
rename to server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/enums/AdmissionControlActionTypeTests.java
index 02f582c26f54e..15a25e6cbca1c 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/enums/TransportActionTypeTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/enums/AdmissionControlActionTypeTests.java
@@ -10,18 +10,18 @@
 
 import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchTestCase;
 
-public class TransportActionTypeTests extends OpenSearchTestCase {
+public class AdmissionControlActionTypeTests extends OpenSearchTestCase {
 
     public void testValidActionType() {
-        assertEquals(TransportActionType.SEARCH.getType(), "search");
-        assertEquals(TransportActionType.INDEXING.getType(), "indexing");
-        assertEquals(TransportActionType.fromName("search"), TransportActionType.SEARCH);
-        assertEquals(TransportActionType.fromName("indexing"), TransportActionType.INDEXING);
+        assertEquals(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType(), "search");
+        assertEquals(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType(), "indexing");
+        assertEquals(AdmissionControlActionType.fromName("search"), AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH);
+        assertEquals(AdmissionControlActionType.fromName("indexing"), AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING);
     }
 
     public void testInValidActionType() {
         String name = "test";
-        IllegalArgumentException ex = expectThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> TransportActionType.fromName(name));
+        IllegalArgumentException ex = expectThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> AdmissionControlActionType.fromName(name));
         assertEquals(ex.getMessage(), "Not Supported TransportAction Type: " + name);
     }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/settings/CPUBasedAdmissionControlSettingsTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/settings/CPUBasedAdmissionControlSettingsTests.java
index 43103926a69a2..11688e2f30d4b 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/settings/CPUBasedAdmissionControlSettingsTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/settings/CPUBasedAdmissionControlSettingsTests.java
@@ -47,16 +47,16 @@ public void testSettingsExists() {
             "All the cpu based admission controller settings should be supported built in settings",
             settings.containsAll(
                 Arrays.asList(
-                    CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE,
-                    CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT,
-                    CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.INDEXING_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT
+                    CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE,
+                    CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT,
+                    CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.INDEXING_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT
                 )
             )
         );
     }
 
     public void testDefaultSettings() {
-        CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings cpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings = new CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings(
+        CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings cpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings = new CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings(
             clusterService.getClusterSettings(),
             Settings.EMPTY
         );
@@ -64,7 +64,6 @@ public void testDefaultSettings() {
         assertEquals(cpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode(), AdmissionControlMode.DISABLED);
         assertEquals(cpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.getIndexingCPULimit().longValue(), percent);
         assertEquals(cpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.getSearchCPULimit().longValue(), percent);
-        assertEquals(cpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.getTransportActionsList(), Arrays.asList("indexing", "search"));
     }
 
     public void testGetConfiguredSettings() {
@@ -72,13 +71,13 @@ public void testGetConfiguredSettings() {
         long indexingPercent = 85;
         Settings settings = Settings.builder()
             .put(
-                CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
+                CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
                 AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED.getMode()
             )
-            .put(CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.INDEXING_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.getKey(), indexingPercent)
+            .put(CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.INDEXING_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.getKey(), indexingPercent)
             .build();
 
-        CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings cpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings = new CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings(
+        CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings cpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings = new CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings(
             clusterService.getClusterSettings(),
             settings
         );
@@ -90,16 +89,16 @@ public void testGetConfiguredSettings() {
     public void testUpdateAfterGetDefaultSettings() {
         long percent = 95;
         long searchPercent = 80;
-        CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings cpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings = new CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings(
+        CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings cpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings = new CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings(
             clusterService.getClusterSettings(),
             Settings.EMPTY
         );
         Settings settings = Settings.builder()
             .put(
-                CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
+                CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
                 AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED.getMode()
             )
-            .put(CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.getKey(), searchPercent)
+            .put(CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.getKey(), searchPercent)
             .build();
         clusterService.getClusterSettings().applySettings(settings);
         assertEquals(cpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode(), AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED);
@@ -113,13 +112,13 @@ public void testUpdateAfterGetConfiguredSettings() {
         long searchPercent = 80;
         Settings settings = Settings.builder()
             .put(
-                CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
+                CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
                 AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED.getMode()
             )
-            .put(CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.getKey(), searchPercent)
+            .put(CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.getKey(), searchPercent)
             .build();
 
-        CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings cpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings = new CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings(
+        CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings cpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings = new CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings(
             clusterService.getClusterSettings(),
             settings
         );
@@ -129,10 +128,10 @@ public void testUpdateAfterGetConfiguredSettings() {
 
         Settings updatedSettings = Settings.builder()
             .put(
-                CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
+                CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
                 AdmissionControlMode.MONITOR.getMode()
             )
-            .put(CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.INDEXING_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.getKey(), indexingPercent)
+            .put(CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.INDEXING_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.getKey(), indexingPercent)
             .build();
         clusterService.getClusterSettings().applySettings(updatedSettings);
         assertEquals(cpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.getTransportLayerAdmissionControllerMode(), AdmissionControlMode.MONITOR);
@@ -143,7 +142,7 @@ public void testUpdateAfterGetConfiguredSettings() {
 
         updatedSettings = Settings.builder()
             .put(updatedSettings)
-            .put(CPUBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.getKey(), searchPercent)
+            .put(CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.SEARCH_CPU_USAGE_LIMIT.getKey(), searchPercent)
             .build();
         clusterService.getClusterSettings().applySettings(updatedSettings);
 
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/stats/AdmissionControlStatsTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/stats/AdmissionControlStatsTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7b4db5f787d6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/stats/AdmissionControlStatsTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.stats;
+
+import org.opensearch.cluster.service.ClusterService;
+import org.opensearch.common.settings.ClusterSettings;
+import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.opensearch.common.xcontent.json.JsonXContent;
+import org.opensearch.core.xcontent.ToXContent;
+import org.opensearch.core.xcontent.XContentBuilder;
+import org.opensearch.node.ResourceUsageCollectorService;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers.AdmissionController;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers.CpuBasedAdmissionController;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlMode;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.settings.CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings;
+import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchTestCase;
+import org.opensearch.threadpool.TestThreadPool;
+import org.opensearch.threadpool.ThreadPool;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+
+public class AdmissionControlStatsTests extends OpenSearchTestCase {
+    AdmissionController admissionController;
+    AdmissionControllerStats admissionControllerStats;
+    AdmissionControlStats admissionControlStats;
+    private ThreadPool threadPool;
+
+    @Override
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        Settings settings = Settings.builder()
+            .put(
+                CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
+                AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED.getMode()
+            )
+            .build();
+        threadPool = new TestThreadPool("admission_controller_settings_test");
+        ClusterService clusterService = new ClusterService(
+            Settings.EMPTY,
+            new ClusterSettings(Settings.EMPTY, ClusterSettings.BUILT_IN_CLUSTER_SETTINGS),
+            threadPool
+        );
+        admissionController = new CpuBasedAdmissionController(
+            CpuBasedAdmissionController.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER,
+            mock(ResourceUsageCollectorService.class),
+            clusterService,
+            settings
+        );
+        admissionControllerStats = new AdmissionControllerStats(admissionController);
+        List<AdmissionControllerStats> admissionControllerStats = new ArrayList<>();
+        admissionControlStats = new AdmissionControlStats(admissionControllerStats);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+        threadPool.shutdownNow();
+    }
+
+    public void testDefaults() throws IOException {
+        assertEquals(admissionControlStats.getAdmissionControllerStatsList().size(), 0);
+    }
+
+    public void testRejectionCount() throws IOException {
+        admissionController.addRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType(), 11);
+        admissionController.addRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType(), 1);
+        admissionControllerStats = new AdmissionControllerStats(admissionController);
+        admissionControlStats = new AdmissionControlStats(List.of(admissionControllerStats));
+        XContentBuilder builder = JsonXContent.contentBuilder();
+        builder.startObject();
+        builder = admissionControlStats.toXContent(builder, ToXContent.EMPTY_PARAMS);
+        builder.endObject();
+        String response = builder.toString();
+        assertEquals(
+            response,
+            "{\"admission_control\":{\"global_cpu_usage\":{\"transport\":{\"rejection_count\":{\"search\":11,\"indexing\":1}}}}}"
+        );
+        AdmissionControlStats admissionControlStats1 = admissionControlStats;
+        assertEquals(admissionControlStats.hashCode(), admissionControlStats1.hashCode());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/stats/AdmissionControllerStatsTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/stats/AdmissionControllerStatsTests.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..fe0399e79a5f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/stats/AdmissionControllerStatsTests.java
@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+/*
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
+ *
+ * The OpenSearch Contributors require contributions made to
+ * this file be licensed under the Apache-2.0 license or a
+ * compatible open source license.
+ */
+
+package org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.stats;
+
+import org.opensearch.cluster.service.ClusterService;
+import org.opensearch.common.settings.ClusterSettings;
+import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
+import org.opensearch.common.xcontent.json.JsonXContent;
+import org.opensearch.core.xcontent.ToXContent;
+import org.opensearch.core.xcontent.XContentBuilder;
+import org.opensearch.node.ResourceUsageCollectorService;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers.AdmissionController;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.controllers.CpuBasedAdmissionController;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlActionType;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.enums.AdmissionControlMode;
+import org.opensearch.ratelimitting.admissioncontrol.settings.CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings;
+import org.opensearch.test.OpenSearchTestCase;
+import org.opensearch.threadpool.TestThreadPool;
+import org.opensearch.threadpool.ThreadPool;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
+
+public class AdmissionControllerStatsTests extends OpenSearchTestCase {
+    AdmissionController admissionController;
+    AdmissionControllerStats admissionControllerStats;
+    private ThreadPool threadPool;
+
+    @Override
+    public void setUp() throws Exception {
+        super.setUp();
+        Settings settings = Settings.builder()
+            .put(
+                CpuBasedAdmissionControllerSettings.CPU_BASED_ADMISSION_CONTROLLER_TRANSPORT_LAYER_MODE.getKey(),
+                AdmissionControlMode.ENFORCED.getMode()
+            )
+            .build();
+        threadPool = new TestThreadPool("admission_controller_settings_test");
+        ClusterService clusterService = new ClusterService(
+            Settings.EMPTY,
+            new ClusterSettings(Settings.EMPTY, ClusterSettings.BUILT_IN_CLUSTER_SETTINGS),
+            threadPool
+        );
+        admissionController = new CpuBasedAdmissionController("TEST", mock(ResourceUsageCollectorService.class), clusterService, settings);
+        admissionControllerStats = new AdmissionControllerStats(admissionController);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
+        super.tearDown();
+        threadPool.shutdownNow();
+    }
+
+    public void testDefaults() throws IOException {
+        assertEquals(admissionControllerStats.getRejectionCount().size(), 0);
+        assertEquals(admissionControllerStats.getAdmissionControllerName(), "TEST");
+    }
+
+    public void testRejectionCount() throws IOException {
+        admissionController.addRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType(), 11);
+        admissionController.addRejectionCount(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType(), 1);
+        admissionControllerStats = new AdmissionControllerStats(admissionController);
+        long searchRejection = admissionControllerStats.getRejectionCount().getOrDefault(AdmissionControlActionType.SEARCH.getType(), 0L);
+        long indexingRejection = admissionControllerStats.getRejectionCount()
+            .getOrDefault(AdmissionControlActionType.INDEXING.getType(), 0L);
+        assertEquals(searchRejection, 11);
+        assertEquals(indexingRejection, 1);
+        XContentBuilder builder = JsonXContent.contentBuilder();
+        builder = admissionControllerStats.toXContent(builder, ToXContent.EMPTY_PARAMS);
+        String response = builder.toString();
+        assertEquals(response, "{\"transport\":{\"rejection_count\":{\"search\":11,\"indexing\":1}}}");
+        AdmissionControllerStats admissionControllerStats1 = admissionControllerStats;
+        assertEquals(admissionControllerStats.hashCode(), admissionControllerStats1.hashCode());
+    }
+}
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/transport/AdmissionControlTransportHandlerTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/transport/AdmissionControlTransportHandlerTests.java
index 03d4819a94045..0c95769e19489 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/transport/AdmissionControlTransportHandlerTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/ratelimitting/admissioncontrol/transport/AdmissionControlTransportHandlerTests.java
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ public void testHandlerInvoked() throws Exception {
             action,
             handler,
             mock(AdmissionControlService.class),
-            false
+            false,
+            null
         );
         admissionControlTransportHandler.messageReceived(mock(TransportRequest.class), mock(TransportChannel.class), mock(Task.class));
         assertEquals(1, handler.count);
@@ -38,33 +39,32 @@ public void testHandlerInvoked() throws Exception {
     public void testHandlerInvokedRejectedException() throws Exception {
         String action = "TEST";
         AdmissionControlService admissionControlService = mock(AdmissionControlService.class);
-        doThrow(new OpenSearchRejectedExecutionException()).when(admissionControlService).applyTransportAdmissionControl(action);
+        doThrow(new OpenSearchRejectedExecutionException()).when(admissionControlService).applyTransportAdmissionControl(action, null);
         InterceptingRequestHandler<TransportRequest> handler = new InterceptingRequestHandler<>(action);
         admissionControlTransportHandler = new AdmissionControlTransportHandler<TransportRequest>(
             action,
             handler,
             admissionControlService,
-            false
+            false,
+            null
         );
-        try {
-            admissionControlTransportHandler.messageReceived(mock(TransportRequest.class), mock(TransportChannel.class), mock(Task.class));
-        } catch (OpenSearchRejectedExecutionException exception) {
-            assertEquals(0, handler.count);
-            handler.messageReceived(mock(TransportRequest.class), mock(TransportChannel.class), mock(Task.class));
-        }
+        admissionControlTransportHandler.messageReceived(mock(TransportRequest.class), mock(TransportChannel.class), mock(Task.class));
+        assertEquals(0, handler.count);
+        handler.messageReceived(mock(TransportRequest.class), mock(TransportChannel.class), mock(Task.class));
         assertEquals(1, handler.count);
     }
 
     public void testHandlerInvokedRandomException() throws Exception {
         String action = "TEST";
         AdmissionControlService admissionControlService = mock(AdmissionControlService.class);
-        doThrow(new NullPointerException()).when(admissionControlService).applyTransportAdmissionControl(action);
+        doThrow(new NullPointerException()).when(admissionControlService).applyTransportAdmissionControl(action, null);
         InterceptingRequestHandler<TransportRequest> handler = new InterceptingRequestHandler<>(action);
         admissionControlTransportHandler = new AdmissionControlTransportHandler<TransportRequest>(
             action,
             handler,
             admissionControlService,
-            false
+            false,
+            null
         );
         try {
             admissionControlTransportHandler.messageReceived(mock(TransportRequest.class), mock(TransportChannel.class), mock(Task.class));
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/aggregations/bucket/histogram/AutoDateHistogramAggregatorTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/aggregations/bucket/histogram/AutoDateHistogramAggregatorTests.java
index 37cd7a42c7cdf..dda053af78b30 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/aggregations/bucket/histogram/AutoDateHistogramAggregatorTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/aggregations/bucket/histogram/AutoDateHistogramAggregatorTests.java
@@ -969,6 +969,7 @@ private void indexSampleData(List<ZonedDateTime> dataset, RandomIndexWriter inde
         for (final ZonedDateTime date : dataset) {
             final long instant = date.toInstant().toEpochMilli();
             document.add(new SortedNumericDocValuesField(DATE_FIELD, instant));
+            document.add(new LongPoint(DATE_FIELD, instant));
             document.add(new LongPoint(INSTANT_FIELD, instant));
             document.add(new SortedNumericDocValuesField(NUMERIC_FIELD, i));
             indexWriter.addDocument(document);
diff --git a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchPipelineServiceTests.java b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchPipelineServiceTests.java
index 98d2a7e84d672..f5851e669a2da 100644
--- a/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchPipelineServiceTests.java
+++ b/server/src/test/java/org/opensearch/search/pipeline/SearchPipelineServiceTests.java
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 import org.opensearch.common.settings.Settings;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.concurrent.AtomicArray;
 import org.opensearch.common.util.concurrent.OpenSearchExecutors;
+import org.opensearch.common.xcontent.XContentType;
 import org.opensearch.core.action.ActionListener;
 import org.opensearch.core.common.breaker.CircuitBreaker;
 import org.opensearch.core.common.breaker.NoopCircuitBreaker;
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
+import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicReference;
 import java.util.function.Consumer;
 
 import static org.mockito.ArgumentMatchers.anyString;
@@ -1378,4 +1380,92 @@ public void testExtraParameterInProcessorConfig() {
             fail("Wrong exception type: " + e.getClass());
         }
     }
+
+    private static class FakeStatefulRequestProcessor extends AbstractProcessor implements StatefulSearchRequestProcessor {
+        private final String type;
+        private final Consumer<PipelineProcessingContext> stateConsumer;
+
+        public FakeStatefulRequestProcessor(String type, Consumer<PipelineProcessingContext> stateConsumer) {
+            super(null, null, false);
+            this.type = type;
+            this.stateConsumer = stateConsumer;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getType() {
+            return type;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public SearchRequest processRequest(SearchRequest request, PipelineProcessingContext requestContext) throws Exception {
+            stateConsumer.accept(requestContext);
+            return request;
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static class FakeStatefulResponseProcessor extends AbstractProcessor implements StatefulSearchResponseProcessor {
+        private final String type;
+        private final Consumer<PipelineProcessingContext> stateConsumer;
+
+        public FakeStatefulResponseProcessor(String type, Consumer<PipelineProcessingContext> stateConsumer) {
+            super(null, null, false);
+            this.type = type;
+            this.stateConsumer = stateConsumer;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public String getType() {
+            return type;
+        }
+
+        @Override
+        public SearchResponse processResponse(SearchRequest request, SearchResponse response, PipelineProcessingContext requestContext)
+            throws Exception {
+            stateConsumer.accept(requestContext);
+            return response;
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testStatefulProcessors() throws Exception {
+        AtomicReference<String> contextHolder = new AtomicReference<>();
+        SearchPipelineService searchPipelineService = createWithProcessors(
+            Map.of(
+                "write_context",
+                (pf, t, d, igf, cfg, ctx) -> new FakeStatefulRequestProcessor("write_context", (c) -> c.setAttribute("a", "b"))
+            ),
+            Map.of(
+                "read_context",
+                (pf, t, d, igf, cfg, ctx) -> new FakeStatefulResponseProcessor(
+                    "read_context",
+                    (c) -> contextHolder.set((String) c.getAttribute("a"))
+                )
+            ),
+            Collections.emptyMap()
+        );
+
+        SearchPipelineMetadata metadata = new SearchPipelineMetadata(
+            Map.of(
+                "p1",
+                new PipelineConfiguration(
+                    "p1",
+                    new BytesArray(
+                        "{\"request_processors\" : [ { \"write_context\": {} } ], \"response_processors\": [ { \"read_context\": {} }] }"
+                    ),
+                    XContentType.JSON
+                )
+            )
+        );
+        ClusterState clusterState = ClusterState.builder(new ClusterName("_name")).build();
+        ClusterState previousState = clusterState;
+        clusterState = ClusterState.builder(clusterState)
+            .metadata(Metadata.builder().putCustom(SearchPipelineMetadata.TYPE, metadata))
+            .build();
+        searchPipelineService.applyClusterState(new ClusterChangedEvent("", clusterState, previousState));
+
+        PipelinedRequest request = searchPipelineService.resolvePipeline(new SearchRequest().pipeline("p1"));
+        assertNull(contextHolder.get());
+        syncExecutePipeline(request, new SearchResponse(null, null, 0, 0, 0, 0, null, null));
+        assertNotNull(contextHolder.get());
+        assertEquals("b", contextHolder.get());
+    }
 }
diff --git a/settings.gradle b/settings.gradle
index 13cc6669e3d33..139d45013710f 100644
--- a/settings.gradle
+++ b/settings.gradle
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
  */
 
 plugins {
-  id "com.gradle.enterprise" version "3.14.1"
+  id "com.gradle.enterprise" version "3.15.1"
 }
 
 ext.disableBuildCache = hasProperty('DISABLE_BUILD_CACHE') || System.getenv().containsKey('DISABLE_BUILD_CACHE')
diff --git a/test/fixtures/hdfs-fixture/build.gradle b/test/fixtures/hdfs-fixture/build.gradle
index 13345fcb20de1..2b56a0fc3f993 100644
--- a/test/fixtures/hdfs-fixture/build.gradle
+++ b/test/fixtures/hdfs-fixture/build.gradle
@@ -65,10 +65,10 @@ dependencies {
   api "org.eclipse.jetty:jetty-server:${versions.jetty}"
   api "org.eclipse.jetty.websocket:javax-websocket-server-impl:${versions.jetty}"
   api 'org.apache.zookeeper:zookeeper:3.9.1'
-  api "org.apache.commons:commons-text:1.10.0"
-  api "commons-net:commons-net:3.9.0"
+  api "org.apache.commons:commons-text:1.11.0"
+  api "commons-net:commons-net:3.10.0"
   runtimeOnly "com.google.guava:guava:${versions.guava}"
-  runtimeOnly("com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.11.0") {
+  runtimeOnly("com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:4.12.0") {
     exclude group: "com.squareup.okio"
   }
   runtimeOnly "com.squareup.okio:okio:3.6.0"
diff --git a/test/framework/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/MockInternalClusterInfoService.java b/test/framework/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/MockInternalClusterInfoService.java
index 2ba4de5e54a67..1ad6083074025 100644
--- a/test/framework/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/MockInternalClusterInfoService.java
+++ b/test/framework/src/main/java/org/opensearch/cluster/MockInternalClusterInfoService.java
@@ -123,7 +123,8 @@ List<NodeStats> adjustNodesStats(List<NodeStats> nodesStats) {
                 nodeStats.getTaskCancellationStats(),
                 nodeStats.getSearchPipelineStats(),
                 nodeStats.getSegmentReplicationRejectionStats(),
-                nodeStats.getRepositoriesStats()
+                nodeStats.getRepositoriesStats(),
+                nodeStats.getAdmissionControlStats()
             );
         }).collect(Collectors.toList());
     }
diff --git a/test/framework/src/main/java/org/opensearch/test/InternalTestCluster.java b/test/framework/src/main/java/org/opensearch/test/InternalTestCluster.java
index 952cd6c085966..c2b964aa96212 100644
--- a/test/framework/src/main/java/org/opensearch/test/InternalTestCluster.java
+++ b/test/framework/src/main/java/org/opensearch/test/InternalTestCluster.java
@@ -2735,6 +2735,7 @@ public void ensureEstimatedStats() {
                     false,
                     false,
                     false,
+                    false,
                     false
                 );
                 assertThat(