Volume

This is a home assignment task I completed during one of recruitment processes. Task description is available in ./doc/description.pdf.

How I approached the problem

What is the tricky part hidden in the challenge?

It becomes obvious quickly that in this case it's all about forks and loops. In the description you gave an examples of linear journeys only.

Is every set of hops valid?

Obviously not. There might be forks leading to nowhere, loops which make detecting starting and finishing points impossible, or set of hops may be simply empty. I included unit tests describing different cases in ./reduce_test.go.

Do I have to find the exact path?

No! I'm interested only in starting and finishing points. If graph contains loops, determining exact path may not be even possible, while solving first and last point may still be doable.

How to describe the problem?

Airports are vertices of the graph, hops are its directed edges.

How to detect if graph is solvable?

Conditions graph has to meet to be solvable:

• there is exactly one vertex having exactly one more outgoing edges than incoming ones - this is starting point
• there is exactly one vertex having exactly one more incoming edges than outgoing ones - this is finishing point
• there are 0 or more (but finite) vertices having exactly the same number of incoming and outgoing edges

So what am I dealing with exactly?

After looking at rules mentioned in the previous paragraph it becomes clear that I'm dealing with non-circular Eulerian graph and the task is about finding starting and finishing points of Eulerian path inside that graph.

Because those points may be detected just by looking at the edges around these single points I don't need to traverse the graph.

Algorithm

1. Count incoming and outgoing edges around each vertex of graph formed from hops.
2. Verify (by looking at counted numbers) that graph meets rules of non-circular Eulerian graph.
3. Select starting and finishing points.

The complexity of this algorithm is O(n), where n is the number of hops.

Loop

There is one interesting case. Suppose this is the list of hops:

(AAA, BBB), (BBB, CCC), (CCC, AAA)

Graph built from those edges forms a correct trip, however it is a circular Eulerian graph instead of non-circular one. So despite the fact that the trip exists, I'm not able to select starting and finishing points.

Making a statement that graph has to be non-circular I implicitly treat this case as invalid.

The only solvable circular graph is the one containing a series of hops containing same code everywhere e.g.: (AAA, AAA) or (AAA, AAA), (AAA, AAA), (AAA, AAA). In such a trivial case it's obvious that trip both started and ended in AAA.

Software design

This piece of software may be used as a standalone API server microservice or a library. There are two public functions defined:

• Run: starts API server, ./api.go
• Reduce: trip reduction logic, ./reduce.go

Main function is implemented in ./cmd/main.go

Tests

• main logic of the application is tested in ./reduce_test.go
• integration test for API server is in ./api_test.go

Running application

To start application execute:

go run ./cmd

by default server listens on port 8080 of al interfaces, to change that use --addr flag:

go run ./cmd --addr=localhost:8081

API format

• API endpoint is available at http://<address>/reduce
• Send post request with JSON body, e.g.: [["IND", "EWR"], ["SFO", "ATL"], ["GSO", "IND"], ["ATL", 'GSO"]]
• You will get an answer in JSON format, e.g.: ["SFO", "EWR"]

If everything is OK and result is availabl 200 http code is returned. If data are invalid (e.g.: problem can't be solved) you will get 400 instead.