Add type hint for (core.arrays).ranges

[xcz011]

• xref Annotate DataFrame (API exposed items from pandas.core.api) #26792
• tests added / passed
• passes git diff upstream/master -u -- "*.py" | flake8 --diff
• whatsnew entry

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #26936 into master will decrease coverage by 50.76%.
The diff coverage is 100%.

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #26936       +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage   91.87%   41.11%   -50.77%     
===========================================
  Files         180      180               
  Lines       50743    50744        +1     
===========================================
- Hits        46620    20861    -25759     
- Misses       4123    29883    +25760

Flag	Coverage Δ
#multiple	?
#single	41.11% <100%> (-0.09%)	⬇️

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
pandas/core/arrays/_ranges.py	53.33% <100%> (-45.32%)	⬇️
pandas/io/formats/latex.py	0% <0%> (-100%)	⬇️
pandas/plotting/_matplotlib/__init__.py	0% <0%> (-100%)	⬇️
pandas/io/gcs.py	0% <0%> (-100%)	⬇️
pandas/io/sas/sas_constants.py	0% <0%> (-100%)	⬇️
pandas/core/groupby/categorical.py	0% <0%> (-100%)	⬇️
pandas/tseries/plotting.py	0% <0%> (-100%)	⬇️
pandas/io/s3.py	0% <0%> (-100%)	⬇️
pandas/io/formats/html.py	0% <0%> (-99.37%)	⬇️
pandas/io/sas/sas7bdat.py	0% <0%> (-91.16%)	⬇️
... and 133 more

---

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[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #26936 into master will decrease coverage by <.01%.
The diff coverage is 100%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master   #26936      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   91.87%   91.86%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         180      180              
  Lines       50743    50744       +1     
==========================================
- Hits        46620    46617       -3     
- Misses       4123     4127       +4

Flag	Coverage Δ
#multiple	90.46% <100%> (ø)	⬆️
#single	41.11% <100%> (-0.09%)	⬇️

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
pandas/core/arrays/_ranges.py	98.66% <100%> (+0.01%)	⬆️
pandas/io/gbq.py	88.88% <0%> (-11.12%)	⬇️
pandas/core/frame.py	96.89% <0%> (-0.12%)	⬇️

---

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Δ = absolute <relative> (impact), ø = not affected, ? = missing data
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[jreback]

lgtm. @WillAyd

[WillAyd]

Thanks!