diff --git a/src/python/pants/engine/native.py b/src/python/pants/engine/native.py
index 153390e6992..6c40338f01a 100644
--- a/src/python/pants/engine/native.py
+++ b/src/python/pants/engine/native.py
@@ -202,6 +202,7 @@
                             TypeId,
                             Buffer,
                             Buffer,
+                            Buffer,
                             BufferBuffer,
                             TypeIdBuffer,
                             Buffer,
@@ -802,6 +803,7 @@ def new_scheduler(self,
                     root_subject_types,
                     build_root,
                     work_dir,
+                    local_store_dir,
                     ignore_patterns,
                     execution_options,
                     construct_directory_digest,
@@ -865,6 +867,7 @@ def tc(constraint):
         # Project tree.
         self.context.utf8_buf(build_root),
         self.context.utf8_buf(work_dir),
+        self.context.utf8_buf(local_store_dir),
         self.context.utf8_buf_buf(ignore_patterns),
         self.to_ids_buf(root_subject_types),
         # Remote execution config.
diff --git a/src/python/pants/engine/scheduler.py b/src/python/pants/engine/scheduler.py
index 23ab6cdb4ca..9d0ac976ee2 100644
--- a/src/python/pants/engine/scheduler.py
+++ b/src/python/pants/engine/scheduler.py
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ def __init__(
     native,
     project_tree,
     work_dir,
+    local_store_dir,
     rules,
     execution_options,
     include_trace_on_error=True,
@@ -92,6 +93,7 @@ def __init__(
     :param native: An instance of engine.native.Native.
     :param project_tree: An instance of ProjectTree for the current build root.
     :param work_dir: The pants work dir.
+    :param local_store_dir: The directory to use for storing the engine's LMDB store in.
     :param rules: A set of Rules which is used to compute values in the graph.
     :param execution_options: Execution options for (remote) processes.
     :param include_trace_on_error: Include the trace through the graph upon encountering errors.
@@ -119,6 +121,7 @@ def __init__(
       root_subject_types=self._root_subject_types,
       build_root=project_tree.build_root,
       work_dir=work_dir,
+      local_store_dir=local_store_dir,
       ignore_patterns=project_tree.ignore_patterns,
       execution_options=execution_options,
       construct_directory_digest=Digest,
diff --git a/src/python/pants/init/engine_initializer.py b/src/python/pants/init/engine_initializer.py
index 344cd9edfa5..f8590fec5aa 100644
--- a/src/python/pants/init/engine_initializer.py
+++ b/src/python/pants/init/engine_initializer.py
@@ -256,6 +256,7 @@ def setup_legacy_graph(native, bootstrap_options, build_configuration):
     return EngineInitializer.setup_legacy_graph_extended(
       bootstrap_options.pants_ignore,
       bootstrap_options.pants_workdir,
+      bootstrap_options.local_store_dir,
       bootstrap_options.build_file_imports,
       build_configuration,
       native=native,
@@ -271,6 +272,7 @@ def setup_legacy_graph(native, bootstrap_options, build_configuration):
   def setup_legacy_graph_extended(
     pants_ignore_patterns,
     workdir,
+    local_store_dir,
     build_file_imports_behavior,
     build_configuration,
     build_root=None,
@@ -287,6 +289,7 @@ def setup_legacy_graph_extended(
     :param list pants_ignore_patterns: A list of path ignore patterns for FileSystemProjectTree,
                                        usually taken from the '--pants-ignore' global option.
     :param str workdir: The pants workdir.
+    :param local_store_dir: The directory to use for storing the engine's LMDB store in.
     :param build_file_imports_behavior: How to behave if a BUILD file being parsed tries to use
       import statements. Valid values: "allow", "warn", "error".
     :type build_file_imports_behavior: string
@@ -360,6 +363,7 @@ def setup_legacy_graph_extended(
       native,
       project_tree,
       workdir,
+      local_store_dir,
       rules,
       execution_options,
       include_trace_on_error=include_trace_on_error,
diff --git a/src/python/pants/option/global_options.py b/src/python/pants/option/global_options.py
index d492968c645..baf193fbdd5 100644
--- a/src/python/pants/option/global_options.py
+++ b/src/python/pants/option/global_options.py
@@ -277,6 +277,11 @@ def register_bootstrap_options(cls, register):
              advanced=True,
              help='Whether to allow import statements in BUILD files')
 
+    register('--local-store-dir', advanced=True,
+             help="Directory to use for engine's local file store.",
+             # This default is also hard-coded into the engine's rust code in
+             # fs::Store::default_path
+             default=os.path.expanduser('~/.cache/pants/lmdb_store'))
     register('--remote-store-server', advanced=True,
              help='host:port of grpc server to use as remote execution file store.')
     register('--remote-store-thread-count', type=int, advanced=True,
diff --git a/src/rust/engine/fs/src/store.rs b/src/rust/engine/fs/src/store.rs
index b95d9fe3b4a..d7db8836a3c 100644
--- a/src/rust/engine/fs/src/store.rs
+++ b/src/rust/engine/fs/src/store.rs
@@ -119,6 +119,7 @@ impl Store {
     })
   }
 
+  // This default is also hard-coded into the Python options code in global_options.py
   pub fn default_path() -> PathBuf {
     match dirs::home_dir() {
       Some(home_dir) => home_dir.join(".cache").join("pants").join("lmdb_store"),
diff --git a/src/rust/engine/src/context.rs b/src/rust/engine/src/context.rs
index 46e989f5716..a44a675a40f 100644
--- a/src/rust/engine/src/context.rs
+++ b/src/rust/engine/src/context.rs
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ impl Core {
     build_root: &Path,
     ignore_patterns: &[String],
     work_dir: PathBuf,
+    local_store_dir: PathBuf,
     remote_store_server: Option<String>,
     remote_execution_server: Option<String>,
     remote_instance_name: Option<String>,
@@ -88,13 +89,12 @@ impl Core {
 
     let fs_pool2 = fs_pool.clone();
     let store_and_command_runner = Resettable::new(move || {
-      let store_path = Store::default_path();
-
-      let store = safe_create_dir_all_ioerror(&store_path)
-        .map_err(|e| format!("Error making directory {:?}: {:?}", store_path, e))
+      let local_store_dir = local_store_dir.clone();
+      let store = safe_create_dir_all_ioerror(&local_store_dir)
+        .map_err(|e| format!("Error making directory {:?}: {:?}", local_store_dir, e))
         .and_then(|()| match &remote_store_server {
           Some(ref address) => Store::with_remote(
-            store_path,
+            local_store_dir,
             fs_pool2.clone(),
             address,
             remote_instance_name.clone(),
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ impl Core {
             remote_store_chunk_bytes,
             remote_store_chunk_upload_timeout,
           ),
-          None => Store::local_only(store_path, fs_pool2.clone()),
+          None => Store::local_only(local_store_dir, fs_pool2.clone()),
         }).unwrap_or_else(|e| panic!("Could not initialize Store: {:?}", e));
 
       let underlying_command_runner: Box<CommandRunner> = match &remote_execution_server {
diff --git a/src/rust/engine/src/lib.rs b/src/rust/engine/src/lib.rs
index 7650290fbf5..17036465146 100644
--- a/src/rust/engine/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/rust/engine/src/lib.rs
@@ -255,6 +255,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn scheduler_create(
   type_bytes: TypeId,
   build_root_buf: Buffer,
   work_dir_buf: Buffer,
+  local_store_dir_buf: Buffer,
   ignore_patterns_buf: BufferBuffer,
   root_type_ids: TypeIdBuffer,
   remote_store_server: Buffer,
@@ -336,6 +337,7 @@ pub extern "C" fn scheduler_create(
     build_root_buf.to_os_string().as_ref(),
     &ignore_patterns,
     PathBuf::from(work_dir_buf.to_os_string()),
+    PathBuf::from(local_store_dir_buf.to_os_string()),
     if remote_store_server_string.is_empty() {
       None
     } else {
diff --git a/tests/python/pants_test/engine/legacy/test_graph.py b/tests/python/pants_test/engine/legacy/test_graph.py
index 4c66f66f574..f02d0587216 100644
--- a/tests/python/pants_test/engine/legacy/test_graph.py
+++ b/tests/python/pants_test/engine/legacy/test_graph.py
@@ -58,18 +58,20 @@ def graph_helper(self,
                    path_ignore_patterns=None):
 
     with temporary_dir() as work_dir:
-      path_ignore_patterns = path_ignore_patterns or []
-      build_config = build_configuration or self._default_build_config()
-      # TODO: This test should be swapped to using TestBase.
-      graph_helper = EngineInitializer.setup_legacy_graph_extended(
-        path_ignore_patterns,
-        work_dir,
-        build_file_imports_behavior,
-        build_configuration=build_config,
-        native=self._native,
-        include_trace_on_error=include_trace_on_error
-      )
-      yield graph_helper
+      with temporary_dir() as local_store_dir:
+        path_ignore_patterns = path_ignore_patterns or []
+        build_config = build_configuration or self._default_build_config()
+        # TODO: This test should be swapped to using TestBase.
+        graph_helper = EngineInitializer.setup_legacy_graph_extended(
+          path_ignore_patterns,
+          work_dir,
+          local_store_dir,
+          build_file_imports_behavior,
+          build_configuration=build_config,
+          native=self._native,
+          include_trace_on_error=include_trace_on_error
+        )
+        yield graph_helper
 
   @contextmanager
   def open_scheduler(self, specs, build_configuration=None):
diff --git a/tests/python/pants_test/engine/scheduler_test_base.py b/tests/python/pants_test/engine/scheduler_test_base.py
index 63122018bd4..59fc0b8e0c5 100644
--- a/tests/python/pants_test/engine/scheduler_test_base.py
+++ b/tests/python/pants_test/engine/scheduler_test_base.py
@@ -53,9 +53,11 @@ def mk_scheduler(self,
     rules = rules or []
     work_dir = work_dir or self._create_work_dir()
     project_tree = project_tree or self.mk_fs_tree(work_dir=work_dir)
+    local_store_dir = os.path.realpath(safe_mkdtemp())
     scheduler = Scheduler(self._native,
                           project_tree,
                           work_dir,
+                          local_store_dir,
                           rules,
                           DEFAULT_EXECUTION_OPTIONS,
                           include_trace_on_error=include_trace_on_error)
diff --git a/tests/python/pants_test/engine/test_fs.py b/tests/python/pants_test/engine/test_fs.py
index eb59fd96e19..d99a5085569 100644
--- a/tests/python/pants_test/engine/test_fs.py
+++ b/tests/python/pants_test/engine/test_fs.py
@@ -414,8 +414,7 @@ def test_materialize_directories(self):
         text_type("63949aa823baf765eff07b946050d76ec0033144c785a94d3ebd82baa931cd16"),
         80
       )
-      scheduler = self.mk_scheduler(rules=create_fs_rules())
-      scheduler.materialize_directories((DirectoryToMaterialize(text_type(dir_path), digest),))
+      self.scheduler.materialize_directories((DirectoryToMaterialize(text_type(dir_path), digest),))
 
       created_file = os.path.join(dir_path, "roland")
       with open(created_file, 'r') as f:
@@ -471,9 +470,8 @@ def prime_store_with_roland_digest(self):
     with temporary_dir() as temp_dir:
       with open(os.path.join(temp_dir, "roland"), "w") as f:
         f.write("European Burmese")
-      scheduler = self.mk_scheduler(rules=create_fs_rules())
       globs = PathGlobs(("*",), ())
-      snapshot = scheduler.capture_snapshots((PathGlobsAndRoot(globs, text_type(temp_dir)),))[0]
+      snapshot = self.scheduler.capture_snapshots((PathGlobsAndRoot(globs, text_type(temp_dir)),))[0]
       self.assert_snapshot_equals(snapshot, ["roland"], Digest(
         text_type("63949aa823baf765eff07b946050d76ec0033144c785a94d3ebd82baa931cd16"),
         80
@@ -482,45 +480,49 @@ def prime_store_with_roland_digest(self):
   pantsbuild_digest = Digest("63652768bd65af8a4938c415bdc25e446e97c473308d26b3da65890aebacf63f", 18)
 
   def test_download(self):
-    with http_server(StubHandler) as port:
-      url = UrlToFetch("http://localhost:{}/CNAME".format(port), self.pantsbuild_digest)
-      snapshot, = self.scheduler.product_request(Snapshot, subjects=[url])
-      self.assert_snapshot_equals(snapshot, ["CNAME"], Digest(
-        text_type("16ba2118adbe5b53270008790e245bbf7088033389461b08640a4092f7f647cf"),
-        81
-      ))
+    with self.isolated_local_store():
+      with http_server(StubHandler) as port:
+        url = UrlToFetch("http://localhost:{}/CNAME".format(port), self.pantsbuild_digest)
+        snapshot, = self.scheduler.product_request(Snapshot, subjects=[url])
+        self.assert_snapshot_equals(snapshot, ["CNAME"], Digest(
+          text_type("16ba2118adbe5b53270008790e245bbf7088033389461b08640a4092f7f647cf"),
+          81
+        ))
 
   def test_download_missing_file(self):
-    with http_server(StubHandler) as port:
-      url = UrlToFetch("http://localhost:{}/notfound".format(port), self.pantsbuild_digest)
-      with self.assertRaises(ExecutionError) as cm:
-        self.scheduler.product_request(Snapshot, subjects=[url])
-      self.assertIn('404', str(cm.exception))
+    with self.isolated_local_store():
+      with http_server(StubHandler) as port:
+        url = UrlToFetch("http://localhost:{}/notfound".format(port), self.pantsbuild_digest)
+        with self.assertRaises(ExecutionError) as cm:
+          self.scheduler.product_request(Snapshot, subjects=[url])
+        self.assertIn('404', str(cm.exception))
 
   def test_download_wrong_digest(self):
-    with http_server(StubHandler) as port:
-      url = UrlToFetch(
-        "http://localhost:{}/CNAME".format(port),
-        Digest(
-          self.pantsbuild_digest.fingerprint,
-          self.pantsbuild_digest.serialized_bytes_length + 1,
-        ),
-      )
-      with self.assertRaises(ExecutionError) as cm:
-        self.scheduler.product_request(Snapshot, subjects=[url])
-      self.assertIn('wrong digest', str(cm.exception).lower())
+    with self.isolated_local_store():
+      with http_server(StubHandler) as port:
+        url = UrlToFetch(
+          "http://localhost:{}/CNAME".format(port),
+          Digest(
+            self.pantsbuild_digest.fingerprint,
+            self.pantsbuild_digest.serialized_bytes_length + 1,
+          ),
+        )
+        with self.assertRaises(ExecutionError) as cm:
+          self.scheduler.product_request(Snapshot, subjects=[url])
+        self.assertIn('wrong digest', str(cm.exception).lower())
 
   # It's a shame that this isn't hermetic, but setting up valid local HTTPS certificates is a pain.
   def test_download_https(self):
-    url = UrlToFetch("https://www.pantsbuild.org/CNAME", Digest(
-      "63652768bd65af8a4938c415bdc25e446e97c473308d26b3da65890aebacf63f",
-      18,
-    ))
-    snapshot, = self.scheduler.product_request(Snapshot, subjects=[url])
-    self.assert_snapshot_equals(snapshot, ["CNAME"], Digest(
-      text_type("16ba2118adbe5b53270008790e245bbf7088033389461b08640a4092f7f647cf"),
-      81
-    ))
+    with self.isolated_local_store():
+      url = UrlToFetch("https://www.pantsbuild.org/CNAME", Digest(
+        "63652768bd65af8a4938c415bdc25e446e97c473308d26b3da65890aebacf63f",
+        18,
+      ))
+      snapshot, = self.scheduler.product_request(Snapshot, subjects=[url])
+      self.assert_snapshot_equals(snapshot, ["CNAME"], Digest(
+        text_type("16ba2118adbe5b53270008790e245bbf7088033389461b08640a4092f7f647cf"),
+        81
+      ))
 
 
 class StubHandler(BaseHTTPRequestHandler):
diff --git a/tests/python/pants_test/engine/util.py b/tests/python/pants_test/engine/util.py
index bd2df965f1c..1a7989c10c1 100644
--- a/tests/python/pants_test/engine/util.py
+++ b/tests/python/pants_test/engine/util.py
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 from pants.engine.selectors import Get
 from pants.engine.struct import Struct
 from pants.option.global_options import DEFAULT_EXECUTION_OPTIONS
+from pants.util.dirutil import safe_mkdtemp
 from pants.util.memo import memoized
 from pants.util.objects import SubclassesOf
 from pants_test.option.util.fakes import create_options_for_optionables
@@ -100,6 +101,7 @@ def create_scheduler(rules, validate=True, native=None):
     native,
     FileSystemProjectTree(os.getcwd()),
     './.pants.d',
+    safe_mkdtemp(),
     rules,
     execution_options=DEFAULT_EXECUTION_OPTIONS,
     validate=validate,
diff --git a/tests/python/pants_test/test_base.py b/tests/python/pants_test/test_base.py
index 217429db0fc..624e2fcaf63 100644
--- a/tests/python/pants_test/test_base.py
+++ b/tests/python/pants_test/test_base.py
@@ -35,8 +35,8 @@
 from pants.source.source_root import SourceRootConfig
 from pants.subsystem.subsystem import Subsystem
 from pants.task.goal_options_mixin import GoalOptionsMixin
-from pants.util.dirutil import (recursive_dirname, relative_symlink, safe_mkdir, safe_open,
-                                safe_rmtree)
+from pants.util.dirutil import (recursive_dirname, relative_symlink, safe_mkdir, safe_mkdtemp,
+                                safe_open, safe_rmtree)
 from pants.util.memo import memoized_method
 from pants_test.base.context_utils import create_context_from_options
 from pants_test.engine.util import init_native
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ class TestBase(unittest.TestCase):
   """
 
   _scheduler = None
+  _local_store_dir = None
   _build_graph = None
   _address_mapper = None
 
@@ -341,6 +342,22 @@ def _reset_engine(self):
       self._build_graph.reset()
       self._scheduler.invalidate_all_files()
 
+  @classmethod
+  def aggressively_reset_scheduler(cls):
+    cls._scheduler = None
+    if cls._local_store_dir is not None:
+      safe_rmtree(cls._local_store_dir)
+
+  @classmethod
+  @contextmanager
+  def isolated_local_store(cls):
+    cls.aggressively_reset_scheduler()
+    cls._init_engine()
+    try:
+      yield
+    finally:
+      cls.aggressively_reset_scheduler()
+
   @property
   def build_root(self):
     return self._build_root()
@@ -365,11 +382,15 @@ def _init_engine(cls):
     if cls._scheduler is not None:
       return
 
+    cls._local_store_dir = os.path.realpath(safe_mkdtemp())
+    safe_mkdir(cls._local_store_dir)
+
     # NB: This uses the long form of initialization because it needs to directly specify
     # `cls.alias_groups` rather than having them be provided by bootstrap options.
     graph_session = EngineInitializer.setup_legacy_graph_extended(
       pants_ignore_patterns=None,
       workdir=cls._pants_workdir(),
+      local_store_dir=cls._local_store_dir,
       build_file_imports_behavior='allow',
       native=init_native(),
       build_configuration=cls.build_config(),