Project FreeBSD Wifibox

Wifibox deploys a Linux guest to drive a wireless networking card on the FreeBSD host system with the help of PCI pass-through. There have been guides on the Internet to suggest the use of such techniques to improve the wireless networking experience on FreeBSD, of which Wifibox tries to implement as a single easy-to-use software package.

• bhyve, a lightweight virtualization solution for FreeBSD, is utilized to run the embedded Linux system. This helps to achieve low resource footprint.

• Configuration files could be shared with the host system. For example, the guest may either use wpa_supplicant(8) or hostapd(8) and it is possible to import the host's wpa_supplicant.conf(5) and hostapd.conf(5) files without any changes.

• When configured by the guest, wpa_supplicant(8) or hostapd(8) control sockets could be exposed, which enables use of related utilities directly from the host, such as wpa_cli(8) or wpa_gui(8) from the net/wpa_supplicant_gui FreeBSD package, or hostapd_cli(8).

• Everything is shipped in a single FreeBSD package that can be easily installed and removed. It comes with an rc(8) system service that automatically launches the guest on boot and stops it on shutdown.

• A workaround is supplied for laptops to support suspend/resume.

Warning

This is a work-in-progress experimental software project without any guarantees or warranties. It is shared in the hope that is going to be useful and inspiring for others. By its nature, it is a workaround and shall be deprecated once the FreeBSD wireless drivers and networking stack are updated to catch up with Linux.

Wifibox does not necessarily offer a drop-in replacement for the wireless networking stack of FreeBSD. This is entirely determined by how the guest exposes network traffic for the host, which might happen via Network Address Translation (NAT) or bridging, for example. Be sure to consult the documentation of the guest itself before use.

Prerequisites

Before the installation, please check if those items are present on the target computer otherwise running the software might not be possible:

• A CPU that is supported by bhyve PCI pass-through (I/O MMU) with ~256 MB physical memory or less depending on the guest, and some disk space available for the guest virtual disk image.

• A PCI wireless card that is known to be supported by the recent Linux versions, but it is not performing well enough under FreeBSD. Also, the Linux driver has to support Message Signaled Interrupts (MSI) because that is required for the PCI pass-through to work. USB wireless adapters are not supported.

• A supported FreeBSD/amd64 system: 13.3-RELEASE or 14.0-RELEASE. Later versions will also probably work, but your mileage may vary.

• grub2-bhyve or the corresponding sysutils/grub2-bhyve FreeBSD package, so the Linux guest could be booted via GRUB 2.

• socat or the respective net/socat FreeBSD package, through which control sockets for wpa_supplicant(8) and hostapd(8) could be published on the host. The presence of socat is required only if this feature is activated, which depends on the guest configuration.

Installation

Use the net/wifibox FreeBSD port which is available at the freebsd-wifibox-port repository and automatically takes care of all the following details, installs a guest image, and offers proper removal of the installed files, hence it is a more convenient way to manage the whole installation process.

Manual Installation

Alternatively, a Makefile is present in this repository that can be used to install all the files, as described below. This workflow is mostly recommended for development and testing.

# make install \
    PREFIX=<prefix> \
    LOCALBASE=<prefix of the grub2-bhyve and socat packages> \
    GUEST_ROOT=<guest disk image location> \
    GUEST_MAN=<guest manual page location> \
    RECOVERY_METHOD=<method to use on suspend and resume>

By default, PREFIX is set to /usr/local. In addition to that, it is possible to set the LOCALBASE variable to tell if the prefix under which the grub-bhyve and socat utilities were installed is different.

The GUEST_ROOT variable should point to the directory that houses the files related to the guest. Note that these are not part of the repository and should be installed individually. For example, such files could be installed from the freebsd-wifibox-alpine repository.

• GRUB is going to be configured according to the contents of grub.cfg, and then the system is booted from the virtual disk image whose contents should be stored as disk.img.

• When needed, device.map could also be placed there to teach GRUB about the virtual disk image.

The RECOVERY_METHOD variable can be used to tell in which way Wifibox should be revived on a suspend/resume pair of events.

• The default value is restart_vmm, which means that guest will be stopped, and the vmm(4) kernel module will be reloaded then the guest will be restarted on resume.
• Another option is suspend_guest, which will stop the only guest on suspend and then start it again on resume.
• Finally, there is suspend_vmm, which will stop both the guest and unload the vmm(4) kernel module on suspend and implement the reverse on resume.
• The recovery mechanism itself could be disabled by setting this value to be empty.

Documentation

There is a manual page installed that can be used to learn about the basic usage and configuration.

# man wifibox

Compatibility

It has been reported working successfully on the following configurations:

CPU	Wireless NIC	Model	FreeBSD
AMD A6-9225	Realtek RTL8821CE	Lenovo IdeaPad 330-15AST	13.1-RELEASE, 14-CURRENT
AMD Ryzen 5 5600G	Intel Wi-Fi 6 AX-200	ASUS ROG STRIX B550-I GAMING	13-STABLE, 14-CURRENT
AMD Ryzen 7 5700U	Realtek RTL8852AE	HP 255 G8	13.2-RELEASE
AMD Ryzen 5 5600G	AMD RZ608 Wi-Fi 6E (MediaTek MT7921K)	ASUS ROG STRIX B550-I GAMING	13-STABLE, 14-CURRENT
AMD Ryzen 7 5700X	Intel Wi-Fi 6 AX-200	GigaByte X570S	13-STABLE, 14-CURRENT
AMD Ryzen 7 5700X	AMD RZ608 Wi-Fi 6E (MediaTek MT7921K)	GigaByte X570S	13-STABLE, 14-CURRENT
AMD Ryzen 7 5825U	Realtek RTL8852BE	HP Laptop 15s-eq3636nz	13.2-RC3
Intel Core i5-3210M	Broadcom BCM4331	Apple MacBook Pro A1278	13.2-RELEASE
Intel Core i5-5300U	Intel Wireless 7265	Lenovo ThinkPad T450	13.1-RELEASE
Intel Core i5-6300U	Intel Dual Band Wireless AC 8260	Lenovo ThinkPad X270	13.3-RELEASE, 14.0-RELEASE, 15-CURRENT (snapshot 20240314-220ee18f1964-268793)
Intel Core i5-10210U	Intel Dual Band Wireless AC 9500	System 76 Lemur Pro 'LEMP9'	13.0-RELEASE
Intel Core i5-8250U	Realtek RTL8822BE	Lenovo YOGA 730	13.2-RELEASE
Intel Core i7-4600M	Intel Centrino Advanced-N 6235	Dell Latitude E6440	13.0-RELEASE
Intel Core i7-7500U	Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless AC 8265	Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Gen5	13.2-RELEASE
Intel Core i7-7700K	Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless AC 3168	Desktop HP 820 NL	13.2-RELEASE
Intel Core i7-7820HQ	Intel(R) Wi-Fi 6E AX210/AX1675	Dell Precision 7720	13.3-RELEASE
Intel Core i7-8565U	Qualcomm Atheros QCA6174	Dell XPS 9380	13-STABLE
Intel Core i7-8650U	Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless AC 8265	Lenovo ThinkPad T480	13.1-RELEASE
Intel Core i7-8665U	Intel(R) Dual Band Wireless AC 9560	Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Carbon	GhostBSD 24.01.1

Feel free to submit a pull request or write an email to have your configuration added here!