diff --git a/src/librustc_lint/builtin.rs b/src/librustc_lint/builtin.rs
index 4bcf31ef0bfc5..ea624b9ed3003 100644
--- a/src/librustc_lint/builtin.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_lint/builtin.rs
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ use rustc_hir::def::{DefKind, Res};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::{ForeignItemKind, GenericParamKind, PatKind};
 use rustc_hir::{HirId, HirIdSet, Node};
+use rustc_index::vec::Idx;
 use rustc_middle::lint::LintDiagnosticBuilder;
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::{GenericArgKind, Subst};
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, layout::LayoutError, Ty, TyCtxt};
@@ -2162,6 +2163,40 @@ impl ClashingExternDeclarations {
             ckind: CItemKind,
         ) -> bool {
             debug!("structurally_same_type_impl(cx, a = {:?}, b = {:?})", a, b);
+            let tcx = cx.tcx;
+
+            // Given a transparent newtype, reach through and grab the inner
+            // type unless the newtype makes the type non-null.
+            let non_transparent_ty = |ty: Ty<'tcx>| -> Ty<'tcx> {
+                let mut ty = ty;
+                loop {
+                    if let ty::Adt(def, substs) = ty.kind {
+                        let is_transparent = def.subst(tcx, substs).repr.transparent();
+                        let is_non_null = crate::types::nonnull_optimization_guaranteed(tcx, &def);
+                        debug!(
+                            "non_transparent_ty({:?}) -- type is transparent? {}, type is non-null? {}",
+                            ty, is_transparent, is_non_null
+                        );
+                        if is_transparent && !is_non_null {
+                            debug_assert!(def.variants.len() == 1);
+                            let v = &def.variants[VariantIdx::new(0)];
+                            ty = v
+                                .transparent_newtype_field(tcx)
+                                .expect(
+                                    "single-variant transparent structure with zero-sized field",
+                                )
+                                .ty(tcx, substs);
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+                    debug!("non_transparent_ty -> {:?}", ty);
+                    return ty;
+                }
+            };
+
+            let a = non_transparent_ty(a);
+            let b = non_transparent_ty(b);
+
             if !seen_types.insert((a, b)) {
                 // We've encountered a cycle. There's no point going any further -- the types are
                 // structurally the same.
diff --git a/src/librustc_lint/types.rs b/src/librustc_lint/types.rs
index 4ca5f23ebfe6c..35c462c24c8e8 100644
--- a/src/librustc_lint/types.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_lint/types.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use rustc_index::vec::Idx;
 use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{sign_extend, truncate};
 use rustc_middle::ty::layout::{IntegerExt, SizeSkeleton};
 use rustc_middle::ty::subst::SubstsRef;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{self, AdtKind, Ty, TypeFoldable};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, AdtKind, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable};
 use rustc_span::source_map;
 use rustc_span::symbol::sym;
 use rustc_span::{Span, DUMMY_SP};
@@ -527,22 +527,26 @@ enum FfiResult<'tcx> {
     FfiUnsafe { ty: Ty<'tcx>, reason: String, help: Option<String> },
 }
 
+crate fn nonnull_optimization_guaranteed<'tcx>(tcx: TyCtxt<'tcx>, def: &ty::AdtDef) -> bool {
+    tcx.get_attrs(def.did)
+        .iter()
+        .any(|a| tcx.sess.check_name(a, sym::rustc_nonnull_optimization_guaranteed))
+}
+
 /// Is type known to be non-null?
-fn ty_is_known_nonnull<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>, mode: CItemKind) -> bool {
+crate fn ty_is_known_nonnull<'tcx>(cx: &LateContext<'tcx>, ty: Ty<'tcx>, mode: CItemKind) -> bool {
     let tcx = cx.tcx;
     match ty.kind {
         ty::FnPtr(_) => true,
         ty::Ref(..) => true,
         ty::Adt(def, _) if def.is_box() && matches!(mode, CItemKind::Definition) => true,
         ty::Adt(def, substs) if def.repr.transparent() && !def.is_union() => {
-            let guaranteed_nonnull_optimization = tcx
-                .get_attrs(def.did)
-                .iter()
-                .any(|a| tcx.sess.check_name(a, sym::rustc_nonnull_optimization_guaranteed));
+            let marked_non_null = nonnull_optimization_guaranteed(tcx, &def);
 
-            if guaranteed_nonnull_optimization {
+            if marked_non_null {
                 return true;
             }
+
             for variant in &def.variants {
                 if let Some(field) = variant.transparent_newtype_field(tcx) {
                     if ty_is_known_nonnull(cx, field.ty(tcx, substs), mode) {
diff --git a/src/test/ui/lint/clashing-extern-fn.rs b/src/test/ui/lint/clashing-extern-fn.rs
index 44cef19b0d34b..41f0baecf24a8 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/lint/clashing-extern-fn.rs
+++ b/src/test/ui/lint/clashing-extern-fn.rs
@@ -182,7 +182,9 @@ mod same_sized_members_clash {
             y: f32,
             z: f32,
         }
-        extern "C" { fn origin() -> Point3; }
+        extern "C" {
+            fn origin() -> Point3;
+        }
     }
     mod b {
         #[repr(C)]
@@ -191,8 +193,9 @@ mod same_sized_members_clash {
             y: i32,
             z: i32, // NOTE: Incorrectly redeclared as i32
         }
-        extern "C" { fn origin() -> Point3; }
-        //~^ WARN `origin` redeclared with a different signature
+        extern "C" {
+            fn origin() -> Point3; //~ WARN `origin` redeclared with a different signature
+        }
     }
 }
 
@@ -258,6 +261,78 @@ mod non_zero_and_non_null {
     }
 }
 
+// See #75739
+mod non_zero_transparent {
+    mod a1 {
+        use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
+        extern "C" {
+            fn f1() -> NonZeroUsize;
+        }
+    }
+
+    mod b1 {
+        #[repr(transparent)]
+        struct X(NonZeroUsize);
+        use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
+        extern "C" {
+            fn f1() -> X;
+        }
+    }
+
+    mod a2 {
+        use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
+        extern "C" {
+            fn f2() -> NonZeroUsize;
+        }
+    }
+
+    mod b2 {
+        #[repr(transparent)]
+        struct X1(NonZeroUsize);
+
+        #[repr(transparent)]
+        struct X(X1);
+
+        use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
+        extern "C" {
+            // Same case as above, but with two layers of newtyping.
+            fn f2() -> X;
+        }
+    }
+
+    mod a3 {
+        #[repr(transparent)]
+        struct X(core::ptr::NonNull<i32>);
+
+        use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
+        extern "C" {
+            fn f3() -> X;
+        }
+    }
+
+    mod b3 {
+        extern "C" {
+            fn f3() -> core::ptr::NonNull<i32>;
+        }
+    }
+
+    mod a4 {
+        #[repr(transparent)]
+        enum E {
+            X(std::num::NonZeroUsize),
+        }
+        extern "C" {
+            fn f4() -> E;
+        }
+    }
+
+    mod b4 {
+        extern "C" {
+            fn f4() -> std::num::NonZeroUsize;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 mod null_optimised_enums {
     mod a {
         extern "C" {
diff --git a/src/test/ui/lint/clashing-extern-fn.stderr b/src/test/ui/lint/clashing-extern-fn.stderr
index cca0c4c59eb19..0a18f05ba2903 100644
--- a/src/test/ui/lint/clashing-extern-fn.stderr
+++ b/src/test/ui/lint/clashing-extern-fn.stderr
@@ -106,19 +106,19 @@ LL |             fn draw_point(p: Point);
               found `unsafe extern "C" fn(sameish_members::b::Point)`
 
 warning: `origin` redeclared with a different signature
-  --> $DIR/clashing-extern-fn.rs:194:22
+  --> $DIR/clashing-extern-fn.rs:197:13
    |
-LL |         extern "C" { fn origin() -> Point3; }
-   |                      ---------------------- `origin` previously declared here
+LL |             fn origin() -> Point3;
+   |             ---------------------- `origin` previously declared here
 ...
-LL |         extern "C" { fn origin() -> Point3; }
-   |                      ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ this signature doesn't match the previous declaration
+LL |             fn origin() -> Point3;
+   |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ this signature doesn't match the previous declaration
    |
    = note: expected `unsafe extern "C" fn() -> same_sized_members_clash::a::Point3`
               found `unsafe extern "C" fn() -> same_sized_members_clash::b::Point3`
 
 warning: `transparent_incorrect` redeclared with a different signature
-  --> $DIR/clashing-extern-fn.rs:217:13
+  --> $DIR/clashing-extern-fn.rs:220:13
    |
 LL |             fn transparent_incorrect() -> T;
    |             -------------------------------- `transparent_incorrect` previously declared here
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ LL |             fn transparent_incorrect() -> isize;
               found `unsafe extern "C" fn() -> isize`
 
 warning: `missing_return_type` redeclared with a different signature
-  --> $DIR/clashing-extern-fn.rs:235:13
+  --> $DIR/clashing-extern-fn.rs:238:13
    |
 LL |             fn missing_return_type() -> usize;
    |             ---------------------------------- `missing_return_type` previously declared here
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ LL |             fn missing_return_type();
               found `unsafe extern "C" fn()`
 
 warning: `non_zero_usize` redeclared with a different signature
-  --> $DIR/clashing-extern-fn.rs:253:13
+  --> $DIR/clashing-extern-fn.rs:256:13
    |
 LL |             fn non_zero_usize() -> core::num::NonZeroUsize;
    |             ----------------------------------------------- `non_zero_usize` previously declared here
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ LL |             fn non_zero_usize() -> usize;
               found `unsafe extern "C" fn() -> usize`
 
 warning: `non_null_ptr` redeclared with a different signature
-  --> $DIR/clashing-extern-fn.rs:255:13
+  --> $DIR/clashing-extern-fn.rs:258:13
    |
 LL |             fn non_null_ptr() -> core::ptr::NonNull<usize>;
    |             ----------------------------------------------- `non_null_ptr` previously declared here
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ LL |             fn non_null_ptr() -> *const usize;
               found `unsafe extern "C" fn() -> *const usize`
 
 warning: `option_non_zero_usize_incorrect` redeclared with a different signature
-  --> $DIR/clashing-extern-fn.rs:281:13
+  --> $DIR/clashing-extern-fn.rs:356:13
    |
 LL |             fn option_non_zero_usize_incorrect() -> usize;
    |             ---------------------------------------------- `option_non_zero_usize_incorrect` previously declared here
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ LL |             fn option_non_zero_usize_incorrect() -> isize;
               found `unsafe extern "C" fn() -> isize`
 
 warning: `option_non_null_ptr_incorrect` redeclared with a different signature
-  --> $DIR/clashing-extern-fn.rs:283:13
+  --> $DIR/clashing-extern-fn.rs:358:13
    |
 LL |             fn option_non_null_ptr_incorrect() -> *const usize;
    |             --------------------------------------------------- `option_non_null_ptr_incorrect` previously declared here