diff --git a/packages/keyring/src/index.spec.ts b/packages/keyring/src/index.spec.ts
index 5a9516020d..8f6df0dc2f 100644
--- a/packages/keyring/src/index.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/keyring/src/index.spec.ts
@@ -358,7 +358,7 @@ describe('keypair', (): void => {
     });
 
     it('creates with dev phrase with derivation path specified', (): void => {
-      const pair = keyring.createFromUri(PHRASE, undefined, undefined, undefined, 2048);
+      const pair = keyring.createFromUri(PHRASE);
 
       expect(
         pair.address
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ describe('keypair', (): void => {
 
     it('creates with dev phrase with derivation path specified - addFromUri', (): void => {
       expect(
-        keyring.addFromUri(PHRASE, undefined, undefined, undefined, 2048).address
+        keyring.addFromUri(PHRASE).address
       ).toEqual(ETH_ADDRESS_ONE);
     });
 
@@ -375,12 +375,12 @@ describe('keypair', (): void => {
       const keyringUntyped = new Keyring();
 
       expect(
-        keyringUntyped.addFromUri(PHRASE, {}, 'ethereum', undefined, 2048).address
+        keyringUntyped.addFromUri(PHRASE, {}, 'ethereum').address
       ).toEqual(ETH_ADDRESS_ONE);
     });
 
     it('encodes a pair toJSON (and decodes)', (): void => {
-      const pair = keyring.createFromUri(PHRASE, undefined, undefined, undefined, 2048);
+      const pair = keyring.createFromUri(PHRASE);
       const json = pair.toJson('password');
 
       expect(json.address).toEqual('0x0381351b1b46d2602b0992bb5d5531f9c1696b0812feb2534b6884adc47e2e1d8b'); // this is the public key (different from address for ethereum)
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ describe('keypair', (): void => {
     });
 
     it('encodes a pair toJSON and back', (): void => {
-      const pairOriginal = keyring.createFromUri(PHRASE, undefined, undefined, undefined, 2048);
+      const pairOriginal = keyring.createFromUri(PHRASE);
       const json = pairOriginal.toJson('password');
       const pair = keyring.addFromJson(
         json
diff --git a/packages/keyring/src/keyring.ts b/packages/keyring/src/keyring.ts
index 4e47ca2503..452347a5ba 100644
--- a/packages/keyring/src/keyring.ts
+++ b/packages/keyring/src/keyring.ts
@@ -152,15 +152,10 @@ export class Keyring implements KeyringInstance {
    * @name addFromUri
    * @summary Creates an account via an suri
    * @description Extracts the phrase, path and password from a SURI format for specifying secret keys `<secret>/<soft-key>//<hard-key>///<password>` (the `///password` may be omitted, and `/<soft-key>` and `//<hard-key>` maybe repeated and mixed). The secret can be a hex string, mnemonic phrase or a string (to be padded)
-   * @param _suri
-   * @param meta
-   * @param type The supported types of pairs. Either 'ed25519' | 'sr25519' | 'ecdsa' | 'ethereum'.
-   * @param wordlist - Optional custom wordlist for mnemonic.
-   * @param rounds - Optional: Number of PBKDF2 iterations to run (default: 210000 (when onlyJS = true) or 2048 (when onlyJS = false).
-  */
-  public addFromUri (suri: string, meta: KeyringPair$Meta = {}, type: KeypairType = this.type, wordlist?: string[], rounds?: number): KeyringPair {
+   */
+  public addFromUri (suri: string, meta: KeyringPair$Meta = {}, type: KeypairType = this.type, wordlist?: string[]): KeyringPair {
     return this.addPair(
-      this.createFromUri(suri, meta, type, wordlist, rounds)
+      this.createFromUri(suri, meta, type, wordlist)
     );
   }
 
@@ -207,14 +202,8 @@ export class Keyring implements KeyringInstance {
    * @name createFromUri
    * @summary Creates a Keypair from an suri
    * @description This creates a pair from the suri, but does not add it to the keyring
-   *
-   * @param _suri
-   * @param meta
-   * @param type The supported types of pairs. Either 'ed25519' | 'sr25519' | 'ecdsa' | 'ethereum'.
-   * @param wordlist - Optional custom wordlist for mnemonic.
-   * @param rounds - Optional: Number of PBKDF2 iterations to run (default: 210000 (when onlyJS = true) or 2048 (when onlyJS = false).
    */
-  public createFromUri (_suri: string, meta: KeyringPair$Meta = {}, type: KeypairType = this.type, wordlist?: string[], rounds?: number): KeyringPair {
+  public createFromUri (_suri: string, meta: KeyringPair$Meta = {}, type: KeypairType = this.type, wordlist?: string[]): KeyringPair {
     // here we only aut-add the dev phrase if we have a hard-derived path
     const suri = _suri.startsWith('//')
       ? `${DEV_PHRASE}${_suri}`
@@ -230,8 +219,8 @@ export class Keyring implements KeyringInstance {
 
       if ([12, 15, 18, 21, 24].includes(parts.length)) {
         seed = type === 'ethereum'
-          ? mnemonicToLegacySeed(phrase, '', false, 64, rounds)
-          : mnemonicToMiniSecret(phrase, password, wordlist, false, rounds);
+          ? mnemonicToLegacySeed(phrase, '', false, 64)
+          : mnemonicToMiniSecret(phrase, password, wordlist);
       } else {
         if (phrase.length > 32) {
           throw new Error('specified phrase is not a valid mnemonic and is invalid as a raw seed at > 32 bytes');
diff --git a/packages/keyring/src/suri.spec.ts b/packages/keyring/src/suri.spec.ts
index 72d81cd12d..519395a13e 100644
--- a/packages/keyring/src/suri.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/keyring/src/suri.spec.ts
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ describe('keyring.addFromUri', (): void => {
     describe(`${type}`, (): void => {
       tests.forEach(({ pk, ss, uri }): void => {
         it(`creates ${uri}`, (): void => {
-          const pair = keyring.addFromUri(uri, {}, type as KeypairType, undefined, 2048);
+          const pair = keyring.addFromUri(uri, {}, type as KeypairType);
 
           expect(u8aToHex(pair.publicKey)).toEqual(pk);
           expect(pair.address).toEqual(ss);
diff --git a/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ethereum/index.spec.ts b/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ethereum/index.spec.ts
index 50bd19cf62..733e6a2740 100644
--- a/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ethereum/index.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ethereum/index.spec.ts
@@ -39,14 +39,14 @@ describe('hdEthereum', (): void => {
   ]);
 
   it('derives the right key pair from a mnemonic', (): void => {
-    const key = hdEthereum(mnemonicToLegacySeed(PHRASE, '', false, 64, 2048));
+    const key = hdEthereum(mnemonicToLegacySeed(PHRASE, '', false, 64));
 
     expect(key.publicKey).toEqual(PUBLIC);
     expect(key.secretKey).toEqual(SECRET);
   });
 
   it('derives the right key pair from a mnemonic and a derivation path', (): void => {
-    const key = hdEthereum(mnemonicToLegacySeed(PHRASE, '', false, 64, 2048), derivationPath);
+    const key = hdEthereum(mnemonicToLegacySeed(PHRASE, '', false, 64), derivationPath);
 
     expect(key.publicKey).toEqual(PUBLICDERIVED);
     expect(key.secretKey).toEqual(SECRETDERIVED);
diff --git a/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ledger/index.spec.ts b/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ledger/index.spec.ts
index 836964ec73..7adcb14ac9 100644
--- a/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ledger/index.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ledger/index.spec.ts
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ describe('ledgerDerive', (): void => {
     tests.forEach(({ ed25519, index: [account, address], mnemonic }, index): void => {
       it(`derives a known ed25519 seed for ${network} (${index})`, (): void => {
         expect(u8aToHex(
-          hdLedger(mnemonic, `m/44'/${slip44}'/${account}'/0'/${address}'`, 2048)
+          hdLedger(mnemonic, `m/44'/${slip44}'/${account}'/0'/${address}'`)
             .secretKey
             .slice(0, 32)
         )).toEqual(ed25519);
diff --git a/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ledger/index.ts b/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ledger/index.ts
index f954e9f52a..818b2aafdf 100644
--- a/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ledger/index.ts
+++ b/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ledger/index.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { HARDENED, hdValidatePath } from '../validatePath.js';
 import { ledgerDerivePrivate } from './derivePrivate.js';
 import { ledgerMaster } from './master.js';
 
-export function hdLedger (_mnemonic: string, path: string, rounds?: number): Keypair {
+export function hdLedger (_mnemonic: string, path: string): Keypair {
   const words = _mnemonic
     .split(' ')
     .map((s) => s.trim())
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ export function hdLedger (_mnemonic: string, path: string, rounds?: number): Key
   }
 
   const parts = path.split('/').slice(1);
-  let seed = ledgerMaster(mnemonic, password, rounds);
+  let seed = ledgerMaster(mnemonic, password);
 
   for (const p of parts) {
     const n = parseInt(p.replace(/'$/, ''), 10);
diff --git a/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ledger/master.spec.ts b/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ledger/master.spec.ts
index ec0d3acc23..d96d5a7d0f 100644
--- a/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ledger/master.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ledger/master.spec.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ const XPRV = '0x402b03cd9c8bed9ba9f9bd6cd9c315ce9fcc59c7c25d37c85a36096617e69d41
 describe('ledgerDerive', (): void => {
   it('derives a known master xprv', (): void => {
     expect(u8aToHex(
-      ledgerMaster(MNEMONIC, undefined, 2048)
+      ledgerMaster(MNEMONIC)
     )).toEqual(XPRV);
   });
 });
diff --git a/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ledger/master.ts b/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ledger/master.ts
index cf43a3d05e..3b4b1a9dca 100644
--- a/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ledger/master.ts
+++ b/packages/util-crypto/src/hd/ledger/master.ts
@@ -8,17 +8,9 @@ import { mnemonicToSeedSync } from '../../mnemonic/bip39.js';
 
 const ED25519_CRYPTO = 'ed25519 seed';
 
-/**
- * Gets an xprv from a mnemonic
- *
- * @param mnemonic - The BIP-39 mnemonic phrase to derive the secret from.
- * @param password - Optional: password to secure the seed (default: empty string).
- * @param wordlist - Optional custom wordlist for mnemonic.
- * @param onlyJs - Optional: If `true`, forces use of the JavaScript implementation instead of WASM.
- * @param rounds - Optional: Number of PBKDF2 iterations to run (default: 210000).
-*/
-export function ledgerMaster (mnemonic: string, password?: string, rounds?: number): Uint8Array {
-  const seed = mnemonicToSeedSync(mnemonic, password, rounds);
+// gets an xprv from a mnemonic
+export function ledgerMaster (mnemonic: string, password?: string): Uint8Array {
+  const seed = mnemonicToSeedSync(mnemonic, password);
   const chainCode = hmacShaAsU8a(ED25519_CRYPTO, new Uint8Array([1, ...seed]), 256);
   let priv;
 
diff --git a/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/bip39.ts b/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/bip39.ts
index fcb5b213e4..c04f93b912 100644
--- a/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/bip39.ts
+++ b/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/bip39.ts
@@ -47,16 +47,10 @@ function deriveChecksumBits (entropyBuffer: Uint8Array): string {
   ).slice(0, (entropyBuffer.length * 8) / 32);
 }
 
-/*
- * @param mnemonic - The BIP-39 mnemonic phrase to derive the secret from.
- * @param password - Optional: password to secure the seed (default: empty string).
- * @param rounds - Optional: Number of PBKDF2 iterations to run (default: 210000).
-*/
-export function mnemonicToSeedSync (mnemonic: string, password?: string, rounds?: number): Uint8Array {
+export function mnemonicToSeedSync (mnemonic: string, password?: string): Uint8Array {
   return pbkdf2Encode(
     stringToU8a(normalize(mnemonic)),
-    stringToU8a(`mnemonic${normalize(password)}`),
-    rounds
+    stringToU8a(`mnemonic${normalize(password)}`)
   ).password;
 }
 
diff --git a/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/toLegacySeed.spec.ts b/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/toLegacySeed.spec.ts
index 78cdb42975..79b66225ac 100644
--- a/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/toLegacySeed.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/toLegacySeed.spec.ts
@@ -21,8 +21,8 @@ describe('mnemonicToLegacySeed', (): void => {
     it(`generates Wasm & Js equivalents for password=${password || 'undefined'}`, (): void => {
       expect(
         u8aEq(
-          mnemonicToLegacySeed(MNEMONIC, password, true, 32, 2048),
-          mnemonicToLegacySeed(MNEMONIC, password, false, 32, 2048)
+          mnemonicToLegacySeed(MNEMONIC, password, true),
+          mnemonicToLegacySeed(MNEMONIC, password, false)
         )
       ).toEqual(true);
     });
@@ -32,19 +32,19 @@ describe('mnemonicToLegacySeed', (): void => {
     describe(`onlyJs=${(onlyJs && 'true') || 'false'}`, (): void => {
       it('generates a valid 64bytes seed', (): void => {
         expect(
-          u8aToHex(mnemonicToLegacySeed(MNEMONIC, undefined, onlyJs, 64, 2048))
+          u8aToHex(mnemonicToLegacySeed(MNEMONIC, undefined, onlyJs, 64))
         ).toEqual(SEED_64);
       });
 
       it('generates a valid 32bytes seed', (): void => {
         expect(
-          u8aToHex(mnemonicToLegacySeed(MNEMONIC, undefined, onlyJs, 32, 2048))
+          u8aToHex(mnemonicToLegacySeed(MNEMONIC, undefined, onlyJs))
         ).toEqual(SEED_32);
       });
 
       it('fails with non-mnemonics', (): void => {
         expect(
-          () => mnemonicToLegacySeed('foo bar baz', undefined, onlyJs, 32, 2048)
+          () => mnemonicToLegacySeed('foo bar baz', undefined, onlyJs)
         ).toThrow(/mnemonic specified/);
       });
     });
diff --git a/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/toLegacySeed.ts b/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/toLegacySeed.ts
index 188898cc8e..3249642092 100644
--- a/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/toLegacySeed.ts
+++ b/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/toLegacySeed.ts
@@ -23,14 +23,8 @@ import { mnemonicValidate } from './validate.js';
  *   console.log(`Seed generated from mnemonic: ${mnemonicToLegacySeed(mnemonic)}`); => u8a
  * }
  * ```
- *
- * @param mnemonic - The BIP-39 mnemonic phrase to derive the secret from.
- * @param password - Optional: password to secure the seed (default: empty string).
- * @param onlyJs - Optional: If `true`, forces use of the JavaScript implementation instead of WASM.
- * @param byteLength - Optional: Either 32 or 64. Default is 32
- * @param rounds - Optional: Number of PBKDF2 iterations to run (default: 210000).
-*/
-export function mnemonicToLegacySeed (mnemonic: string, password = '', onlyJs?: boolean, byteLength: 32 | 64 = 32, rounds?: number): Uint8Array {
+ */
+export function mnemonicToLegacySeed (mnemonic: string, password = '', onlyJs?: boolean, byteLength: 32 | 64 = 32): Uint8Array {
   if (!mnemonicValidate(mnemonic)) {
     throw new Error('Invalid bip39 mnemonic specified');
   } else if (![32, 64].includes(byteLength)) {
@@ -40,6 +34,6 @@ export function mnemonicToLegacySeed (mnemonic: string, password = '', onlyJs?:
   return byteLength === 32
     ? !hasBigInt || (!onlyJs && isReady())
       ? bip39ToSeed(mnemonic, password)
-      : mnemonicToSeedSync(mnemonic, password, rounds).subarray(0, 32)
-    : mnemonicToSeedSync(mnemonic, password, rounds);
+      : mnemonicToSeedSync(mnemonic, password).subarray(0, 32)
+    : mnemonicToSeedSync(mnemonic, password);
 }
diff --git a/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/toMiniSecret.spec.ts b/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/toMiniSecret.spec.ts
index 37580f26be..e1e5f554dc 100644
--- a/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/toMiniSecret.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/toMiniSecret.spec.ts
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ describe('mnemonicToMiniSecret', (): void => {
     it(`generates Wasm & Js equivalents for password=${password || 'undefined'}`, (): void => {
       expect(
         u8aEq(
-          mnemonicToMiniSecret(MNEMONIC, password, undefined, true, 2048),
-          mnemonicToMiniSecret(MNEMONIC, password, undefined, false, 2048)
+          mnemonicToMiniSecret(MNEMONIC, password, undefined, true),
+          mnemonicToMiniSecret(MNEMONIC, password, undefined, false)
         )
       ).toEqual(true);
     });
@@ -31,10 +31,10 @@ describe('mnemonicToMiniSecret', (): void => {
     const mnemonic = '엉덩이 능동적 숫자 팩시밀리 비난 서적 파출소 도움 독창적 인생 상류 먼지 답변 음반 수박 사업 노란색 공사 우체국 특급 도대체 금지 굉장히 고무신';
 
     expect(
-      () => mnemonicToMiniSecret(mnemonic, 'testing', undefined, false, 2048)
+      () => mnemonicToMiniSecret(mnemonic, 'testing')
     ).toThrow();
     expect(
-      u8aToHex(mnemonicToMiniSecret(mnemonic, 'testing', koreanWords, false, 2048))
+      u8aToHex(mnemonicToMiniSecret(mnemonic, 'testing', koreanWords))
     ).toEqual('0xefa278a62535581767a2f49cb542ed91b65fb911e1b05e7a09c702b257f10c13');
   });
 
@@ -42,20 +42,20 @@ describe('mnemonicToMiniSecret', (): void => {
     describe(`onlyJs=${(onlyJs && 'true') || 'false'}`, (): void => {
       it('generates a valid seed', (): void => {
         expect(
-          u8aToHex(mnemonicToMiniSecret(MNEMONIC, undefined, undefined, onlyJs, 2048))
+          u8aToHex(mnemonicToMiniSecret(MNEMONIC, undefined, undefined, onlyJs))
         ).toEqual(SEED);
       });
 
       it('fails with non-mnemonics', (): void => {
         expect(
-          () => mnemonicToMiniSecret('foo bar baz', undefined, undefined, onlyJs, 2048)
+          () => mnemonicToMiniSecret('foo bar baz', undefined, undefined, onlyJs)
         ).toThrow(/mnemonic specified/);
       });
 
       tests.forEach(([mnemonic, , seed], index): void => {
         it(`Created correct seed for ${index}`, (): void => {
           expect(
-            u8aToHex(mnemonicToMiniSecret(mnemonic, 'Substrate', undefined, onlyJs, 2048))
+            u8aToHex(mnemonicToMiniSecret(mnemonic, 'Substrate', undefined, onlyJs))
           ).toEqual(
             // mini returned here, only check first 32-bytes (64 hex + 2 prefix)
             seed.substring(0, 66)
diff --git a/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/toMiniSecret.ts b/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/toMiniSecret.ts
index caed179f7b..7e70484a0c 100644
--- a/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/toMiniSecret.ts
+++ b/packages/util-crypto/src/mnemonic/toMiniSecret.ts
@@ -8,14 +8,7 @@ import { pbkdf2Encode } from '../pbkdf2/index.js';
 import { mnemonicToEntropy } from './toEntropy.js';
 import { mnemonicValidate } from './validate.js';
 
-/**
- * @param mnemonic - The BIP-39 mnemonic phrase to derive the secret from.
- * @param password - Optional: password to secure the seed (default: empty string).
- * @param wordlist - Optional custom wordlist for mnemonic.
- * @param onlyJs - Optional: If `true`, forces use of the JavaScript implementation instead of WASM.
- * @param rounds - Optional: Number of PBKDF2 iterations to run (default: 210000 (when onlyJS = true) or 2048 (when onlyJS = false).
-*/
-export function mnemonicToMiniSecret (mnemonic: string, password = '', wordlist?: string[], onlyJs?: boolean, rounds?: number): Uint8Array {
+export function mnemonicToMiniSecret (mnemonic: string, password = '', wordlist?: string[], onlyJs?: boolean): Uint8Array {
   if (!mnemonicValidate(mnemonic, wordlist, onlyJs)) {
     throw new Error('Invalid bip39 mnemonic specified');
   } else if (!wordlist && !onlyJs && isReady()) {
@@ -26,5 +19,5 @@ export function mnemonicToMiniSecret (mnemonic: string, password = '', wordlist?
   const salt = stringToU8a(`mnemonic${password}`);
 
   // return the first 32 bytes as the seed
-  return pbkdf2Encode(entropy, salt, rounds).password.slice(0, 32);
+  return pbkdf2Encode(entropy, salt).password.slice(0, 32);
 }
diff --git a/packages/util-crypto/src/pbkdf2/encode.spec.ts b/packages/util-crypto/src/pbkdf2/encode.spec.ts
index 071b934dc5..69f112e1ae 100644
--- a/packages/util-crypto/src/pbkdf2/encode.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/util-crypto/src/pbkdf2/encode.spec.ts
@@ -49,6 +49,6 @@ describe('pbkdf2Encode', (): void => {
   }
 
   perfWasm('pbkdf2Encode', 8, (input, onlyJs) =>
-    pbkdf2Encode(input, input, 2048, onlyJs)
+    pbkdf2Encode(input, input, undefined, onlyJs)
   );
 });
diff --git a/packages/util-crypto/src/pbkdf2/encode.ts b/packages/util-crypto/src/pbkdf2/encode.ts
index b5c86125bb..2c2a6dea16 100644
--- a/packages/util-crypto/src/pbkdf2/encode.ts
+++ b/packages/util-crypto/src/pbkdf2/encode.ts
@@ -15,14 +15,7 @@ interface Result {
   salt: Uint8Array;
 }
 
-export function pbkdf2Encode (passphrase?: string | Uint8Array, salt: Uint8Array = randomAsU8a(), rounds = 210000, onlyJs?: boolean): Result {
-  // When using the JS implementation (pbkdf2Js), large iteration counts can
-  // cause excessive computation time or memory usage. In that case, we cap
-  // the number of rounds to 2048 to ensure reliable performance.
-  if (onlyJs && rounds > 2048) {
-    rounds = 2048;
-  }
-
+export function pbkdf2Encode (passphrase?: string | Uint8Array, salt: Uint8Array = randomAsU8a(), rounds = 2048, onlyJs?: boolean): Result {
   const u8aPass = u8aToU8a(passphrase);
   const u8aSalt = u8aToU8a(salt);