diff --git a/internal/identity/oauth/apple/apple.go b/internal/identity/oauth/apple/apple.go
index 53878606f7f..bed70fa9496 100644
--- a/internal/identity/oauth/apple/apple.go
+++ b/internal/identity/oauth/apple/apple.go
@@ -130,16 +130,9 @@ func (p *Provider) Authenticate(ctx context.Context, code string, v identity.Sta
 
 // Refresh renews a user's session.
 func (p *Provider) Refresh(ctx context.Context, t *oauth2.Token, v identity.State) (*oauth2.Token, error) {
-	if t == nil {
-		return nil, oidc.ErrMissingAccessToken
-	}
-	if t.RefreshToken == "" {
-		return nil, oidc.ErrMissingRefreshToken
-	}
-
-	newToken, err := p.oauth.TokenSource(ctx, t).Token()
+	newToken, err := oidc.Refresh(ctx, p.oauth, t)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("identity/apple: refresh failed: %w", err)
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	if rawIDToken, ok := newToken.Extra("id_token").(string); ok {
diff --git a/internal/identity/oidc/oidc.go b/internal/identity/oidc/oidc.go
index 832a62a8518..d13e3634f0d 100644
--- a/internal/identity/oidc/oidc.go
+++ b/internal/identity/oidc/oidc.go
@@ -213,16 +213,9 @@ func (p *Provider) Refresh(ctx context.Context, t *oauth2.Token, v identity.Stat
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	if t == nil {
-		return nil, ErrMissingAccessToken
-	}
-	if t.RefreshToken == "" {
-		return nil, ErrMissingRefreshToken
-	}
-
-	newToken, err := oa.TokenSource(ctx, t).Token()
+	newToken, err := Refresh(ctx, oa, t)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("identity/oidc: refresh failed: %w", err)
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	// Many identity providers _will not_ return `id_token` on refresh
diff --git a/internal/identity/oidc/refresh.go b/internal/identity/oidc/refresh.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..a2c1a216c26
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/identity/oidc/refresh.go
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+package oidc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
+)
+
+// Refresh requests a new oauth2.Token based on an existing Token and the
+// provided Config. The existing Token must contain a refresh token.
+func Refresh(ctx context.Context, cfg *oauth2.Config, t *oauth2.Token) (*oauth2.Token, error) {
+	if t == nil || t.RefreshToken == "" {
+		return nil, ErrMissingRefreshToken
+	}
+
+	// Note: the TokenSource returned by oauth2.Config has its own threshold
+	// for determining when to attempt a refresh. In order to force a refresh
+	// we can remove the current AccessToken.
+	t = &oauth2.Token{
+		TokenType:    t.TokenType,
+		RefreshToken: t.RefreshToken,
+	}
+	newToken, err := cfg.TokenSource(ctx, t).Token()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("identity/oidc: refresh failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	return newToken, nil
+}
diff --git a/internal/identity/oidc/refresh_test.go b/internal/identity/oidc/refresh_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..6ac7f067bf2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/identity/oidc/refresh_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+package oidc
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
+)
+
+func TestRefresh(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ctx, clearTimeout := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	t.Cleanup(clearTimeout)
+
+	s := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		w.Write([]byte(`{
+			"access_token": "NEW_TOKEN",
+			"refresh_token": "NEW_REFRESH_TOKEN",
+			"expires_in": 3600
+		}`))
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(s.Close)
+
+	cfg := &oauth2.Config{Endpoint: oauth2.Endpoint{TokenURL: s.URL}}
+
+	token := &oauth2.Token{
+		AccessToken:  "OLD_TOKEN",
+		RefreshToken: "OLD_REFRESH_TOKEN",
+
+		// Even if a token is not expiring soon, Refresh() should still perform
+		// the refresh.
+		Expiry: time.Now().Add(time.Hour),
+	}
+	require.True(t, token.Valid())
+
+	newToken, err := Refresh(ctx, cfg, token)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, "NEW_TOKEN", newToken.AccessToken)
+	assert.Equal(t, "NEW_REFRESH_TOKEN", newToken.RefreshToken)
+}
+
+func TestRefresh_errors(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ctx, clearTimeout := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
+	t.Cleanup(clearTimeout)
+
+	s := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Write([]byte("{}"))
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(s.Close)
+
+	cfg := &oauth2.Config{Endpoint: oauth2.Endpoint{TokenURL: s.URL}}
+
+	_, err := Refresh(ctx, cfg, nil)
+	assert.Equal(t, ErrMissingRefreshToken, err)
+
+	_, err = Refresh(ctx, cfg, &oauth2.Token{})
+	assert.Equal(t, ErrMissingRefreshToken, err)
+
+	_, err = Refresh(ctx, cfg, &oauth2.Token{RefreshToken: "REFRESH_TOKEN"})
+	assert.Equal(t, "identity/oidc: refresh failed: oauth2: server response missing access_token",
+		err.Error())
+}