diff --git a/src/cryptography/hazmat/asn1/asn1.py b/src/cryptography/hazmat/asn1/asn1.py
index 8c01f74985c6..d77581fcc600 100644
--- a/src/cryptography/hazmat/asn1/asn1.py
+++ b/src/cryptography/hazmat/asn1/asn1.py
@@ -463,7 +463,10 @@ def decorator(cls: type[U]) -> type[U]:
         inner = declarative_asn1.AnnotatedType(
             rust_type, declarative_asn1.Annotation()
         )
-        root = declarative_asn1.Type.ValueSet(cls, inner)
+        # Map from member value to member, used for O(1) lookups when
+        # decoding. This requires the member values to be hashable.
+        value_map = {member.value: member for member in members}
+        root = declarative_asn1.Type.ValueSet(cls, inner, value_map)
 
         setattr(cls, "__asn1_root__", root)
         return cls
diff --git a/src/rust/src/declarative_asn1/decode.rs b/src/rust/src/declarative_asn1/decode.rs
index a328045faa2d..a20c83fc4ed7 100644
--- a/src/rust/src/declarative_asn1/decode.rs
+++ b/src/rust/src/declarative_asn1/decode.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 // for complete details.
 
 use asn1::Parser;
-use pyo3::types::{PyAnyMethods, PyListMethods, PyTypeMethods};
+use pyo3::types::{PyAnyMethods, PyDictMethods, PyListMethods, PyTypeMethods};
 
 use crate::asn1::big_byte_slice_to_py_int;
 use crate::declarative_asn1::types::{
@@ -262,20 +262,13 @@ fn decode_value_set<'a>(
     parser: &mut Parser<'a>,
     cls: &pyo3::Py<pyo3::types::PyType>,
     inner_type: &AnnotatedType,
+    value_map: &pyo3::Py<pyo3::types::PyDict>,
     annotation: &Annotation,
 ) -> ParseResult<pyo3::Bound<'a, pyo3::PyAny>> {
     let inner_ann_type = value_set_inner_type(py, inner_type, annotation)?;
     let decoded = decode_annotated_type(py, parser, &inner_ann_type)?;
-    // NOTE: This is a linear scan over the members of the enum. If this
-    // ever becomes a performance problem, it could be replaced with a
-    // value -> member map stored in `Type::ValueSet` (keeping in mind
-    // that hash-based lookups won't work for the asn1 wrapper types,
-    // which implement `__eq__` but not `__hash__`).
-    for member in cls.bind(py).try_iter()? {
-        let member = member?;
-        if member.getattr(pyo3::intern!(py, "value"))?.eq(&decoded)? {
-            return Ok(member);
-        }
+    if let Some(member) = value_map.bind(py).get_item(&decoded)? {
+        return Ok(member);
     }
     Err(CryptographyError::Py(
         pyo3::exceptions::PyValueError::new_err(format!(
@@ -452,8 +445,8 @@ pub(crate) fn decode_annotated_type<'a>(
                 ))?
             }
         },
-        Type::ValueSet(cls, inner_type) => {
-            decode_value_set(py, parser, cls, inner_type.get(), annotation)?
+        Type::ValueSet(cls, inner_type, value_map) => {
+            decode_value_set(py, parser, cls, inner_type.get(), value_map, annotation)?
         }
         Type::PyBool() => decode_pybool(py, parser, encoding)?.into_any(),
         Type::PyInt() => decode_pyint(py, parser, encoding)?.into_any(),
diff --git a/src/rust/src/declarative_asn1/encode.rs b/src/rust/src/declarative_asn1/encode.rs
index 139978fc173b..669189b00a6e 100644
--- a/src/rust/src/declarative_asn1/encode.rs
+++ b/src/rust/src/declarative_asn1/encode.rs
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ impl asn1::Asn1Writable for AnnotatedTypeObject<'_> {
                     ),
                 ))
             }
-            Type::ValueSet(cls, inner_type) => {
+            Type::ValueSet(cls, inner_type, _) => {
                 if !value.is_instance(cls.bind(py))? {
                     return Err(CryptographyError::Py(
                         pyo3::exceptions::PyTypeError::new_err(format!(
diff --git a/src/rust/src/declarative_asn1/types.rs b/src/rust/src/declarative_asn1/types.rs
index 9eb6f470c36e..d296e493e941 100644
--- a/src/rust/src/declarative_asn1/types.rs
+++ b/src/rust/src/declarative_asn1/types.rs
@@ -38,8 +38,13 @@ pub enum Type {
     /// a single underlying ASN.1 type).
     /// The first element is the Python enum class, the second
     /// element is the (already converted) underlying type of the
-    /// member values.
-    ValueSet(pyo3::Py<pyo3::types::PyType>, pyo3::Py<AnnotatedType>),
+    /// member values, and the third element is a map from member
+    /// value to enum member, used when decoding.
+    ValueSet(
+        pyo3::Py<pyo3::types::PyType>,
+        pyo3::Py<AnnotatedType>,
+        pyo3::Py<pyo3::types::PyDict>,
+    ),
 
     // Python types that we map to canonical ASN.1 types
     //
@@ -686,7 +691,7 @@ pub(crate) fn is_tag_valid_for_type(
         Type::Choice(variants) => variants.bind(py).into_iter().any(|v| {
             is_tag_valid_for_variant(py, tag, v.cast::<Variant>().unwrap().get(), encoding)
         }),
-        Type::ValueSet(_, t) => is_tag_valid_for_type(py, tag, t.get().inner.get(), encoding),
+        Type::ValueSet(_, t, _) => is_tag_valid_for_type(py, tag, t.get().inner.get(), encoding),
         Type::PyBool() => check_tag_with_encoding(bool::TAG, encoding, tag),
         Type::PyInt() => check_tag_with_encoding(asn1::BigInt::TAG, encoding, tag),
         Type::PyBytes() => {
diff --git a/tests/hazmat/asn1/test_api.py b/tests/hazmat/asn1/test_api.py
index b9fe418d6931..46023518c83e 100644
--- a/tests/hazmat/asn1/test_api.py
+++ b/tests/hazmat/asn1/test_api.py
@@ -428,9 +428,13 @@ def test_fields_of_variant_type(self) -> None:
         choice = declarative_asn1.Type.Choice(my_list)
         assert choice._0 is my_list
 
-        value_set = declarative_asn1.Type.ValueSet(type(None), ann_type)
+        my_value_map: dict = {}
+        value_set = declarative_asn1.Type.ValueSet(
+            type(None), ann_type, my_value_map
+        )
         assert value_set._0 is type(None)
         assert value_set._1 is ann_type
+        assert value_set._2 is my_value_map
 
     def test_fields_of_variant_encoding(self) -> None:
         from cryptography.hazmat.bindings._rust import declarative_asn1