Fix recursive arguments in Representation

[Viicos]

Change Summary

Fixes #10463. I don't know if this handle all the cases (I first looked into the pprint module, which takes a different approach using a context dict. It may be more robust, but at least what we implement here handles trivial use cases such as the one from the issue without too many changes in the implementation).

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• The pull request title is a good summary of the changes - it will be used in the changelog
• Unit tests for the changes exist
• Tests pass on CI
• Documentation reflects the changes where applicable
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CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging #10480 will not alter performance

_{Comparing 10463 (ea50267) with main (43ed0d3)}

Summary

✅ 38 untouched benchmarks

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Coverage report

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File	Statements	Missing	Coverage	Coverage (new stmts)	Lines missing
pydantic
main.py
pydantic/_internal
_repr.py
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[Viicos]

https://docs.python.org/3/library/reprlib.html#reprlib.recursive_repr might also be interesting to look at

[sydney-runkle]

Nice. Definite improvement over our current behavior.