Allow WithJsonSchema to inject $refs w/ http or https links

[dAIsySHEng1]

Change Summary

• Problem: Pydantic throws a KeyError when WithJsonSchema is used with a $ref that defines an external JSON Schema via an https link.
• Fix: Add try-excepts to skip lookup if it is failing for a link that begins w/ https or http (suggested by Adrian).

Related issue number

fix #9783

Checklist

• The pull request title is a good summary of the changes - it will be used in the changelog
• Unit tests for the changes exist
• Tests pass on CI
• Documentation reflects the changes where applicable
• My PR is ready to review, please add a comment including the phrase "please review" to assign reviewers

[codspeed-hq]

CodSpeed Performance Report

Merging #9863 will not alter performance

_{Comparing dAIsySHEng1:json-schema-external-link (5a9ec8c) with main (929543c)}

Summary

✅ 17 untouched benchmarks

[sydney-runkle]

This looks great! I left a few suggestions for a syntax simplification :)

[sydney-runkle]

@dAIsySHEng1,

Let's add a test. Looks great otherwise!

[reversefold]

typing.Annotated was introduced in Python 3.9, so we should probably skip this new test in any version lower than that.

[sydney-runkle]

@adriangb, let's touch base on this one early next week as well 👍

[sydney-runkle]

@dAIsySHEng1,

Great work here! Apologies on the delayed review. Hope you have a great semester!

[github-actions]

Coverage report

This PR does not seem to contain any modification to coverable code.