diff --git a/CHANGES b/CHANGES
index eb6ab49f..ce5c3dfc 100644
--- a/CHANGES
+++ b/CHANGES
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ Version 3.1.2 - in development
 - Updated pep8 synonym wrappers for better type checking compatibility. PR submitted
   by Ricardo Coccioli.
 
+- Some code refactoring to reduce code nesting, PRs submitted by InSync.
+
 
 Version 3.1.1 - July, 2023
 --------------------------
diff --git a/pyparsing/core.py b/pyparsing/core.py
index 9f1e50c2..041ff6e6 100644
--- a/pyparsing/core.py
+++ b/pyparsing/core.py
@@ -1289,7 +1289,7 @@ def scan_string(
         except ParseBaseException as exc:
             if ParserElement.verbose_stacktrace:
                 raise
-            
+
             # catch and re-raise exception from here, clears out pyparsing internal stack trace
             raise exc.with_traceback(None)
 
@@ -2316,7 +2316,7 @@ def must_skip(t):
             def show_skip(t):
                 if t._skipped.as_list()[-1:] == [""]:
                     t.pop("_skipped")
-                    t["_skipped"] = "missing <" + repr(self.anchor) + ">"
+                    t["_skipped"] = f"missing <{self.anchor!r}>"
 
             return (
                 self.anchor + skipper().add_parse_action(must_skip)
@@ -2927,8 +2927,8 @@ def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
         elif self.maxSpecified and loc < instrlen and instring[loc] in bodychars:
             throwException = True
         elif self.asKeyword and (
-            start > 0 and instring[start - 1] in bodychars
-            or loc < instrlen and instring[loc] in bodychars
+            (start > 0 and instring[start - 1] in bodychars)
+            or (loc < instrlen and instring[loc] in bodychars)
         ):
             throwException = True
 
@@ -3782,7 +3782,7 @@ def ignore(self, other) -> ParserElement:
         return self
 
     def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}:({str(self.exprs)})"
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}:({self.exprs})"
 
     def streamline(self) -> ParserElement:
         if self.streamlined:
@@ -4032,7 +4032,7 @@ def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
         # strip off redundant inner {}'s
         while len(inner) > 1 and inner[0 :: len(inner) - 1] == "{}":
             inner = inner[1:-1]
-        return "{" + inner + "}"
+        return f"{{{inner}}}"
 
 
 class Or(ParseExpression):
@@ -4154,9 +4154,7 @@ def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
                 maxException.msg = self.errmsg
             raise maxException
 
-        raise ParseException(
-            instring, loc, "no defined alternatives to match", self
-        )
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, "no defined alternatives to match", self)
 
     def __ixor__(self, other):
         if isinstance(other, str_type):
@@ -4166,7 +4164,7 @@ def __ixor__(self, other):
         return self.append(other)  # Or([self, other])
 
     def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
-        return "{" + " ^ ".join(str(e) for e in self.exprs) + "}"
+        return f"{{{' ^ '.join(str(e) for e in self.exprs)}}}"
 
     def _setResultsName(self, name, listAllMatches=False):
         if (
@@ -4263,9 +4261,7 @@ def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
                 maxException.msg = self.errmsg
             raise maxException
 
-        raise ParseException(
-            instring, loc, "no defined alternatives to match", self
-        )
+        raise ParseException(instring, loc, "no defined alternatives to match", self)
 
     def __ior__(self, other):
         if isinstance(other, str_type):
@@ -4275,7 +4271,7 @@ def __ior__(self, other):
         return self.append(other)  # MatchFirst([self, other])
 
     def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
-        return "{" + " | ".join(str(e) for e in self.exprs) + "}"
+        return f"{{{' | '.join(str(e) for e in self.exprs)}}}"
 
     def _setResultsName(self, name, listAllMatches=False):
         if (
@@ -4472,7 +4468,7 @@ def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
         return loc, total_results
 
     def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
-        return "{" + " & ".join(str(e) for e in self.exprs) + "}"
+        return f"{{{' & '.join(str(e) for e in self.exprs)}}}"
 
 
 class ParseElementEnhance(ParserElement):
@@ -4570,7 +4566,7 @@ def validate(self, validateTrace=None) -> None:
         self._checkRecursion([])
 
     def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
-        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}:({str(self.expr)})"
+        return f"{self.__class__.__name__}:({self.expr})"
 
     # Compatibility synonyms
     # fmt: off
@@ -4805,9 +4801,7 @@ def parseImpl(self, instring, loc=0, doActions=True):
         for offset in range(1, min(loc, self.retreat + 1) + 1):
             try:
                 # print('trying', offset, instring_slice, repr(instring_slice[loc - offset:]))
-                _, ret = test_expr._parse(
-                    instring_slice, len(instring_slice) - offset
-                )
+                _, ret = test_expr._parse(instring_slice, len(instring_slice) - offset)
             except ParseBaseException as pbe:
                 last_expr = pbe
             else:
@@ -4900,7 +4894,7 @@ def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
         return loc, []
 
     def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
-        return "~{" + str(self.expr) + "}"
+        return f"~{{{self.expr}}}"
 
 
 class _MultipleMatch(ParseElementEnhance):
@@ -5005,7 +4999,7 @@ class OneOrMore(_MultipleMatch):
     """
 
     def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
-        return "{" + str(self.expr) + "}..."
+        return f"{{{self.expr}}}..."
 
 
 class ZeroOrMore(_MultipleMatch):
@@ -5039,7 +5033,7 @@ def parseImpl(self, instring, loc, doActions=True):
             return loc, ParseResults([], name=self.resultsName)
 
     def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
-        return "[" + str(self.expr) + "]..."
+        return f"[{self.expr}]..."
 
 
 class DelimitedList(ParseElementEnhance):
@@ -5103,7 +5097,8 @@ def __init__(
         super().__init__(delim_list_expr, savelist=True)
 
     def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
-        return "{0} [{1} {0}]...".format(self.content.streamline(), self.raw_delim)
+        content_expr = self.content.streamline()
+        return f"{content_expr} [{self.raw_delim} {content_expr}]..."
 
 
 class _NullToken:
@@ -5185,7 +5180,7 @@ def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
         # strip off redundant inner {}'s
         while len(inner) > 1 and inner[0 :: len(inner) - 1] == "{}":
             inner = inner[1:-1]
-        return "[" + inner + "]"
+        return f"[{inner}]"
 
 
 Optional = Opt
@@ -5570,7 +5565,7 @@ def _generateDefaultName(self) -> str:
             else:
                 retString = "None"
         finally:
-            return self.__class__.__name__ + ": " + retString
+            return f"{self.__class__.__name__}: {retString}"
 
     def copy(self) -> ParserElement:
         if self.expr is not None:
@@ -5881,7 +5876,7 @@ def z(*paArgs):
         thisFunc = f.__name__
         s, l, t = paArgs[-3:]
         if len(paArgs) > 3:
-            thisFunc = paArgs[0].__class__.__name__ + "." + thisFunc
+            thisFunc = f"{paArgs[0].__class__.__name__}.{thisFunc}"
         sys.stderr.write(f">>entering {thisFunc}(line: {line(l, s)!r}, {l}, {t!r})\n")
         try:
             ret = f(*paArgs)
diff --git a/pyparsing/exceptions.py b/pyparsing/exceptions.py
index 11ba941f..5d21223a 100644
--- a/pyparsing/exceptions.py
+++ b/pyparsing/exceptions.py
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ def explain_exception(exc, depth=16):
         ret = []
         if isinstance(exc, ParseBaseException):
             ret.append(exc.line)
-            ret.append(" " * (exc.column - 1) + "^")
+            ret.append(f"{' ' * (exc.column - 1)}^")
         ret.append(f"{type(exc).__name__}: {exc}")
 
         if depth <= 0:
@@ -96,18 +96,14 @@ def explain_exception(exc, depth=16):
 
             f_self = frm.f_locals.get("self", None)
             if isinstance(f_self, ParserElement):
-                if not frm.f_code.co_name.startswith(
-                    ("parseImpl", "_parseNoCache")
-                ):
+                if not frm.f_code.co_name.startswith(("parseImpl", "_parseNoCache")):
                     continue
                 if id(f_self) in seen:
                     continue
                 seen.add(id(f_self))
 
                 self_type = type(f_self)
-                ret.append(
-                    f"{self_type.__module__}.{self_type.__name__} - {f_self}"
-                )
+                ret.append(f"{self_type.__module__}.{self_type.__name__} - {f_self}")
 
             elif f_self is not None:
                 self_type = type(f_self)
diff --git a/pyparsing/helpers.py b/pyparsing/helpers.py
index 27d0d577..9a12f8dd 100644
--- a/pyparsing/helpers.py
+++ b/pyparsing/helpers.py
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ def count_field_parse_action(s, l, t):
         intExpr = intExpr.copy()
     intExpr.set_name("arrayLen")
     intExpr.add_parse_action(count_field_parse_action, call_during_try=True)
-    return (intExpr + array_expr).set_name("(len) " + str(expr) + "...")
+    return (intExpr + array_expr).set_name(f"(len) {expr}...")
 
 
 def match_previous_literal(expr: ParserElement) -> ParserElement:
diff --git a/pyparsing/results.py b/pyparsing/results.py
index ab05f33c..31b33102 100644
--- a/pyparsing/results.py
+++ b/pyparsing/results.py
@@ -193,13 +193,9 @@ def __init__(
 
         if asList:
             if isinstance(toklist, ParseResults):
-                self[name] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(
-                    ParseResults(toklist._toklist), 0
-                )
+                self[name] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(ParseResults(toklist._toklist), 0)
             else:
-                self[name] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(
-                    ParseResults(toklist[0]), 0
-                )
+                self[name] = _ParseResultsWithOffset(ParseResults(toklist[0]), 0)
             self[name]._name = name
             return
 
diff --git a/pyparsing/testing.py b/pyparsing/testing.py
index ab71808c..014fe730 100644
--- a/pyparsing/testing.py
+++ b/pyparsing/testing.py
@@ -194,9 +194,7 @@ def assertRunTestResults(
                 # expected should be a tuple containing a list and/or a dict or an exception,
                 # and optional failure message string
                 # an empty tuple will skip any result validation
-                fail_msg = next(
-                    (exp for exp in expected if isinstance(exp, str)), None
-                )
+                fail_msg = next((exp for exp in expected if isinstance(exp, str)), None)
                 expected_exception = next(
                     (
                         exp
diff --git a/pyparsing/unicode.py b/pyparsing/unicode.py
index 1ba4f858..426b8b23 100644
--- a/pyparsing/unicode.py
+++ b/pyparsing/unicode.py
@@ -103,8 +103,7 @@ def identbodychars(cls):
         plus the digits 0-9, and · (Unicode MIDDLE DOT)
         """
         identifier_chars = set(
-            c for c in cls._chars_for_ranges
-            if ("_" + c).isidentifier()
+            c for c in cls._chars_for_ranges if ("_" + c).isidentifier()
         )
         return "".join(sorted(identifier_chars | set(cls.identchars + "0123456789·")))