Allow dataclasses.make_dataclass() to omit type information

[ericvsmith]

BPO	32278
Nosy	@rhettinger, @gpshead, @ericvsmith, @ilevkivskyi
PRs	bpo-32278: Add dataclasses.Data as an alias for typing.Any #4982 bpo-32278: Allow dataclasses.make_dataclass() to omit type information. #5115

^{Note: these values reflect the state of the issue at the time it was migrated and might not reflect the current state.}

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GitHub fields:

assignee = 'https://github.com/ericvsmith'
closed_at = <Date 2018-01-06.21:14:50.072>
created_at = <Date 2017-12-11.19:47:31.276>
labels = ['3.7', 'type-bug', 'library']
title = 'Allow dataclasses.make_dataclass() to omit type information'
updated_at = <Date 2018-01-06.21:14:50.071>
user = 'https://github.com/ericvsmith'

bugs.python.org fields:

activity = <Date 2018-01-06.21:14:50.071>
actor = 'eric.smith'
assignee = 'eric.smith'
closed = True
closed_date = <Date 2018-01-06.21:14:50.072>
closer = 'eric.smith'
components = ['Library (Lib)']
creation = <Date 2017-12-11.19:47:31.276>
creator = 'eric.smith'
dependencies = []
files = []
hgrepos = []
issue_num = 32278
keywords = ['patch']
message_count = 3.0
messages = ['308071', '308583', '309580']
nosy_count = 4.0
nosy_names = ['rhettinger', 'gregory.p.smith', 'eric.smith', 'levkivskyi']
pr_nums = ['4982', '5115']
priority = 'normal'
resolution = 'fixed'
stage = 'resolved'
status = 'closed'
superseder = None
type = 'behavior'
url = 'https://bugs.python.org/issue32278'
versions = ['Python 3.7']

[ericvsmith]

Make the typing information optional.

From Raymond Hettinger:

The make_dataclass() factory function in the dataclasses module currently requires type declarations. It would be nice if the type declarations were optional.

With typing (currently works):

    Point = NamedTuple('Point', [('x', float), ('y', float), ('z', float)])
    Point = make_dataclass('Point', [('x', float), ('y', float), ('z', float)])

Without typing (only the first currently works):

    Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y', 'z'])          # underlying store is a tuple
    Point = make_dataclass('Point', ['x', 'y', 'z'])      # underlying store is an instance dict

[ericvsmith]

I'm going to use "typing.Any" (as a string) if the type information is omitted in the call to make_dataclass(). That way I don't need to import typing.

[ericvsmith]

New changeset ed7d429 by Eric V. Smith in branch 'master':
bpo-32278: Allow dataclasses.make_dataclass() to omit type information. (gh-5115)
ed7d429