Add native_thread_id to PyThreadState

[P403n1x87]

BPO	43879
Nosy	@pitrou, @vstinner, @P403n1x87, @shreyanavigyan
PRs	bpo-43879: Add native_thread_id field to PyThreadState #25458

^{Note: these values reflect the state of the issue at the time it was migrated and might not reflect the current state.}

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GitHub fields:

assignee = None
closed_at = <Date 2021-05-26.14:40:40.186>
created_at = <Date 2021-04-17.09:18:44.507>
labels = ['expert-C-API', 'type-feature', '3.11']
title = 'Add native_thread_id to PyThreadState'
updated_at = <Date 2021-05-26.14:40:40.185>
user = 'https://github.com/P403n1x87'

bugs.python.org fields:

activity = <Date 2021-05-26.14:40:40.185>
actor = 'vstinner'
assignee = 'none'
closed = True
closed_date = <Date 2021-05-26.14:40:40.186>
closer = 'vstinner'
components = ['C API']
creation = <Date 2021-04-17.09:18:44.507>
creator = 'Gabriele Tornetta'
dependencies = []
files = []
hgrepos = []
issue_num = 43879
keywords = ['patch']
message_count = 2.0
messages = ['391276', '394438']
nosy_count = 5.0
nosy_names = ['pitrou', 'vstinner', 'python-dev', 'Gabriele Tornetta', 'shreyanavigyan']
pr_nums = ['25458']
priority = 'normal'
resolution = 'fixed'
stage = 'resolved'
status = 'closed'
superseder = None
type = 'enhancement'
url = 'https://bugs.python.org/issue43879'
versions = ['Python 3.11']

[P403n1x87]

I would like to propose adding the native_id field to the PyThreadState structure to store the result of PyThread_get_thread_native_id. On some systems, like Linux, it is not easy to retrieve this information from outside of the Python interpreter process.

Tools like Austin (https://github.com/P403n1x87/austin) could benefit from this for CPU time sampling. Currently, if one wants to retrieve the TID from a PyThreadState instance is to regard thread_id as a pointer to a struct pthread structure, loop over all the Python threads to find the one that has the PID for TID and infer the offset of the tid field within struct pthread, which is not ideal.

[vstinner]

New changeset 90a6c07 by Gabriele N. Tornetta in branch 'main':
bpo-43879: Add native_thread_id field to PyThreadState (GH-25458)
90a6c07