From 0d117a13f2fff3ae1984d074ace57f8be597e3a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Dec 2023 13:25:39 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 01/12] gh-59616: Support os.chmod(follow_symlinks=True) and
 os.lchmod() on Windows

---
 Lib/os.py                      |   1 +
 Lib/tempfile.py                |   2 +-
 Lib/test/libregrtest/main.py   |   1 +
 Lib/test/test_posix.py         | 114 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h |   9 +--
 Modules/posixmodule.c          |  86 +++++++++++++++++++------
 6 files changed, 186 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Lib/os.py b/Lib/os.py
index a17946750ea7e7..8c4b93250918eb 100644
--- a/Lib/os.py
+++ b/Lib/os.py
@@ -171,6 +171,7 @@ def _add(str, fn):
     _add("HAVE_FSTATAT",    "stat")
     _add("HAVE_LCHFLAGS",   "chflags")
     _add("HAVE_LCHMOD",     "chmod")
+    _add("MS_WINDOWS",      "chmod")
     if _exists("lchown"): # mac os x10.3
         _add("HAVE_LCHOWN", "chown")
     _add("HAVE_LINKAT",     "link")
diff --git a/Lib/tempfile.py b/Lib/tempfile.py
index cbfc172a789b25..b5a15f7b72c872 100644
--- a/Lib/tempfile.py
+++ b/Lib/tempfile.py
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ def _dont_follow_symlinks(func, path, *args):
     # Pass follow_symlinks=False, unless not supported on this platform.
     if func in _os.supports_follow_symlinks:
         func(path, *args, follow_symlinks=False)
-    elif _os.name == 'nt' or not _os.path.islink(path):
+    elif not _os.path.islink(path):
         func(path, *args)
 
 def _resetperms(path):
diff --git a/Lib/test/libregrtest/main.py b/Lib/test/libregrtest/main.py
index 7ca1b1cb65ae40..63fac1d6c38b70 100644
--- a/Lib/test/libregrtest/main.py
+++ b/Lib/test/libregrtest/main.py
@@ -492,6 +492,7 @@ def _run_tests(self, selected: TestTuple, tests: TestList | None) -> int:
                                          self.fail_rerun)
 
     def run_tests(self, selected: TestTuple, tests: TestList | None) -> int:
+        selected = ('test_posix', 'test_tempfile')
         os.makedirs(self.tmp_dir, exist_ok=True)
         work_dir = get_work_dir(self.tmp_dir)
 
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_posix.py b/Lib/test/test_posix.py
index 1722c84727bbd8..b03037e924cf70 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_posix.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_posix.py
@@ -21,8 +21,10 @@
 
 try:
     import posix
+    nt = None
 except ImportError:
-    import nt as posix
+    import nt
+    posix = nt
 
 try:
     import pwd
@@ -935,6 +937,116 @@ def test_utime(self):
         posix.utime(os_helper.TESTFN, (int(now), int(now)))
         posix.utime(os_helper.TESTFN, (now, now))
 
+    def check_chmod(self, chmod_func, target, **kwargs):
+        mode = os.stat(target).st_mode
+        try:
+            chmod_func(target, mode & ~stat.S_IWRITE, **kwargs)
+            self.assertEqual(os.stat(target).st_mode, mode & ~stat.S_IWRITE)
+            if stat.S_ISREG(mode):
+                try:
+                    with open(target, 'wb+'):
+                        pass
+                except PermissionError:
+                    pass
+            chmod_func(target, mode | stat.S_IWRITE, **kwargs)
+            self.assertEqual(os.stat(target).st_mode, mode | stat.S_IWRITE)
+            if stat.S_ISREG(mode):
+                with open(target, 'wb+'):
+                    pass
+        finally:
+            posix.chmod(target, mode)
+
+    def test_chmod_file(self):
+        self.check_chmod(posix.chmod, os_helper.TESTFN)
+
+    def tempdir(self):
+        target = os_helper.TESTFN + 'd'
+        posix.mkdir(target)
+        self.addCleanup(posix.rmdir, target)
+        return target
+
+    def test_chmod_dir(self):
+        target = self.tempdir()
+        self.check_chmod(posix.chmod, target)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(posix, 'lchmod'), 'test needs os.lchmod()')
+    def test_lchmod_file(self):
+        self.check_chmod(posix.lchmod, os_helper.TESTFN)
+        self.check_chmod(posix.chmod, os_helper.TESTFN, follow_symlinks=False)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(posix, 'lchmod'), 'test needs os.lchmod()')
+    def test_lchmod_dir(self):
+        target = self.tempdir()
+        self.check_chmod(posix.lchmod, target)
+        self.check_chmod(posix.chmod, target, follow_symlinks=False)
+
+    def check_chmod_link(self, chmod_func, target, link, **kwargs):
+        target_mode = os.stat(target).st_mode
+        link_mode = os.lstat(link).st_mode
+        try:
+            chmod_func(link, target_mode & ~stat.S_IWRITE, **kwargs)
+            self.assertEqual(os.stat(target).st_mode, target_mode & ~stat.S_IWRITE)
+            self.assertEqual(os.lstat(link).st_mode, link_mode)
+            chmod_func(link, target_mode | stat.S_IWRITE)
+            self.assertEqual(os.stat(target).st_mode, target_mode | stat.S_IWRITE)
+            self.assertEqual(os.lstat(link).st_mode, link_mode)
+        finally:
+            posix.chmod(target, target_mode)
+
+    def check_lchmod_link(self, chmod_func, target, link, **kwargs):
+        target_mode = os.stat(target).st_mode
+        link_mode = os.lstat(link).st_mode
+        chmod_func(link, link_mode & ~stat.S_IWRITE, **kwargs)
+        self.assertEqual(os.stat(target).st_mode, target_mode)
+        self.assertEqual(os.lstat(link).st_mode, link_mode & ~stat.S_IWRITE)
+        chmod_func(link, link_mode | stat.S_IWRITE)
+        self.assertEqual(os.stat(target).st_mode, target_mode)
+        self.assertEqual(os.lstat(link).st_mode, link_mode | stat.S_IWRITE)
+
+    @os_helper.skip_unless_symlink
+    def test_chmod_file_symlink(self):
+        target = os_helper.TESTFN
+        link = os_helper.TESTFN + '-link'
+        os.symlink(target, link)
+        self.addCleanup(posix.unlink, link)
+        if os.name == 'nt':
+            self.check_lchmod_link(posix.chmod, target, link)
+        else:
+            self.check_chmod_link(posix.chmod, target, link)
+        self.check_chmod_link(posix.chmod, target, link, follow_symlinks=True)
+
+    @os_helper.skip_unless_symlink
+    def test_chmod_dir_symlink(self):
+        target = self.tempdir()
+        link = os_helper.TESTFN + '-link'
+        os.symlink(target, link, target_is_directory=True)
+        self.addCleanup(posix.unlink, link)
+        if os.name == 'nt':
+            self.check_lchmod_link(posix.chmod, target, link)
+        else:
+            self.check_chmod_link(posix.chmod, target, link)
+        self.check_chmod_link(posix.chmod, target, link, follow_symlinks=True)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(posix, 'lchmod'), 'test needs os.lchmod()')
+    @os_helper.skip_unless_symlink
+    def test_lchmod_file_symlink(self):
+        target = os_helper.TESTFN
+        link = os_helper.TESTFN + '-link'
+        os.symlink(target, link)
+        self.addCleanup(posix.unlink, link)
+        self.check_lchmod_link(posix.chmod, target, link, follow_symlinks=False)
+        self.check_lchmod_link(posix.lchmod, target, link)
+
+    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(posix, 'lchmod'), 'test needs os.lchmod()')
+    @os_helper.skip_unless_symlink
+    def test_lchmod_dir_symlink(self):
+        target = self.tempdir()
+        link = os_helper.TESTFN + '-link'
+        os.symlink(target, link)
+        self.addCleanup(posix.unlink, link)
+        self.check_lchmod_link(posix.chmod, target, link, follow_symlinks=False)
+        self.check_lchmod_link(posix.lchmod, target, link)
+
     def _test_chflags_regular_file(self, chflags_func, target_file, **kwargs):
         st = os.stat(target_file)
         self.assertTrue(hasattr(st, 'st_flags'))
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
index 9d6cd337f4a2f4..7be35476abd4f4 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
@@ -493,7 +493,8 @@ os_fchdir(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *k
 #endif /* defined(HAVE_FCHDIR) */
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(os_chmod__doc__,
-"chmod($module, /, path, mode, *, dir_fd=None, follow_symlinks=True)\n"
+"chmod($module, /, path, mode, *, dir_fd=None,\n"
+"      follow_symlinks=_CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS)\n"
 "--\n"
 "\n"
 "Change the access permissions of a file.\n"
@@ -677,7 +678,7 @@ os_fchmod(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *k
 
 #endif /* defined(HAVE_FCHMOD) */
 
-#if defined(HAVE_LCHMOD)
+#if (defined(HAVE_LCHMOD) || defined(MS_WINDOWS))
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(os_lchmod__doc__,
 "lchmod($module, /, path, mode)\n"
@@ -747,7 +748,7 @@ os_lchmod(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *k
     return return_value;
 }
 
-#endif /* defined(HAVE_LCHMOD) */
+#endif /* (defined(HAVE_LCHMOD) || defined(MS_WINDOWS)) */
 
 #if defined(HAVE_CHFLAGS)
 
@@ -12421,4 +12422,4 @@ os__supports_virtual_terminal(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 #ifndef OS__SUPPORTS_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_METHODDEF
     #define OS__SUPPORTS_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(OS__SUPPORTS_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=ff0ec3371de19904 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=3009d169f2bf20e7 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/posixmodule.c b/Modules/posixmodule.c
index ddbb4cd43babfc..756ed13bda59ce 100644
--- a/Modules/posixmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/posixmodule.c
@@ -3309,6 +3309,27 @@ os_fchdir_impl(PyObject *module, int fd)
 }
 #endif /* HAVE_FCHDIR */
 
+#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
+# define CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS 0
+#else
+# define CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS 1
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
+static int
+win32_lchmod(LPCWSTR path, int mode)
+{
+    DWORD attr = GetFileAttributesW(path);
+    if (attr == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+    if (mode & _S_IWRITE)
+        attr &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
+    else
+        attr |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
+    return SetFileAttributesW(path, attr);
+}
+#endif
 
 /*[clinic input]
 os.chmod
@@ -3331,7 +3352,7 @@ os.chmod
         and path should be relative; path will then be relative to that
         directory.
 
-    follow_symlinks: bool = True
+    follow_symlinks: bool(c_default="CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS") = _CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS
         If False, and the last element of the path is a symbolic link,
         chmod will modify the symbolic link itself instead of the file
         the link points to.
@@ -3348,43 +3369,55 @@ dir_fd and follow_symlinks may not be implemented on your platform.
 static PyObject *
 os_chmod_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path, int mode, int dir_fd,
               int follow_symlinks)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=5cf6a94915cc7bff input=674a14bc998de09d]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=5cf6a94915cc7bff input=b28ffee79f567860]*/
 {
     int result;
 
-#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
-    DWORD attr;
-#endif
-
 #ifdef HAVE_FCHMODAT
     int fchmodat_nofollow_unsupported = 0;
     int fchmodat_unsupported = 0;
 #endif
 
-#if !(defined(HAVE_FCHMODAT) || defined(HAVE_LCHMOD))
+#if !(defined(HAVE_FCHMODAT) || defined(HAVE_LCHMOD) || defined(MS_WINDOWS))
     if (follow_symlinks_specified("chmod", follow_symlinks))
         return NULL;
 #endif
 
-    if (PySys_Audit("os.chmod", "Oii", path->object, mode,
-                    dir_fd == DEFAULT_DIR_FD ? -1 : dir_fd) < 0) {
+    if (PySys_Audit("os.chmod", "OiiO", path->object, mode,
+                    dir_fd == DEFAULT_DIR_FD ? -1 : dir_fd,
+                    follow_symlinks ? Py_True : Py_False) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
 #ifdef MS_WINDOWS
+    result = 0;
     Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
-    attr = GetFileAttributesW(path->wide);
-    if (attr == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES)
-        result = 0;
+    if (follow_symlinks) {
+        HANDLE hfile;
+        FILE_BASIC_INFO info;
+
+        hfile = CreateFileW(path->wide,
+                            FILE_READ_ATTRIBUTES|FILE_WRITE_ATTRIBUTES,
+                            0, NULL,
+                            OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_FLAG_BACKUP_SEMANTICS, NULL);
+        if (hfile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
+            if (GetFileInformationByHandleEx(hfile, FileBasicInfo,
+                                             &info, sizeof(info)))
+            {
+                if (mode & _S_IWRITE)
+                    info.FileAttributes &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
+                else
+                    info.FileAttributes |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
+                result = SetFileInformationByHandle(hfile, FileBasicInfo,
+                                                    &info, sizeof(info));
+            }
+            CloseHandle(hfile);
+        }
+    }
     else {
-        if (mode & _S_IWRITE)
-            attr &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
-        else
-            attr |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
-        result = SetFileAttributesW(path->wide, attr);
+        result = win32_lchmod(path->wide, mode);
     }
     Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
-
     if (!result) {
         return path_error(path);
     }
@@ -3514,7 +3547,7 @@ os_fchmod_impl(PyObject *module, int fd, int mode)
 #endif /* HAVE_FCHMOD */
 
 
-#ifdef HAVE_LCHMOD
+#if defined(HAVE_LCHMOD) || defined(MS_WINDOWS)
 /*[clinic input]
 os.lchmod
 
@@ -3532,9 +3565,18 @@ os_lchmod_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path, int mode)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=082344022b51a1d5 input=90c5663c7465d24f]*/
 {
     int res;
-    if (PySys_Audit("os.chmod", "Oii", path->object, mode, -1) < 0) {
+    if (PySys_Audit("os.chmod", "OiiO", path->object, mode, -1, Py_False) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
+#ifdef MS_WINDOWS
+    Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
+    res = win32_lchmod(path->wide, mode);
+    Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
+    if (!res) {
+        path_error(path);
+        return NULL;
+    }
+#else /* MS_WINDOWS */
     Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
     res = lchmod(path->narrow, mode);
     Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
@@ -3542,9 +3584,10 @@ os_lchmod_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path, int mode)
         path_error(path);
         return NULL;
     }
+#endif /* MS_WINDOWS */
     Py_RETURN_NONE;
 }
-#endif /* HAVE_LCHMOD */
+#endif /* HAVE_LCHMOD || MS_WINDOWS */
 
 
 #ifdef HAVE_CHFLAGS
@@ -16927,6 +16970,7 @@ all_ins(PyObject *m)
     if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "_LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_USER_DIRS", LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_USER_DIRS)) return -1;
     if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "_LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DLL_LOAD_DIR", LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DLL_LOAD_DIR)) return -1;
 #endif
+    if (PyModule_Add(m, "_CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS", PyBool_FromLong(CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS))) return -1;
 
     return 0;
 }

From a69e8cc7e44fdb048e58cb574ccf5fad1f6761ec Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Dec 2023 15:45:22 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 02/12] Fix tests on Windows.

---
 Lib/test/test_posix.py         | 30 ++++++++++++++++++------------
 Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h |  2 +-
 2 files changed, 19 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_posix.py b/Lib/test/test_posix.py
index b03037e924cf70..35593f8a7a3c5e 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_posix.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_posix.py
@@ -940,16 +940,18 @@ def test_utime(self):
     def check_chmod(self, chmod_func, target, **kwargs):
         mode = os.stat(target).st_mode
         try:
-            chmod_func(target, mode & ~stat.S_IWRITE, **kwargs)
-            self.assertEqual(os.stat(target).st_mode, mode & ~stat.S_IWRITE)
+            new_mode = mode & ~(stat.S_IWOTH | stat.S_IWGRP | stat.S_IWUSR)
+            chmod_func(target, new_mode, **kwargs)
+            self.assertEqual(os.stat(target).st_mode, new_mode)
             if stat.S_ISREG(mode):
                 try:
                     with open(target, 'wb+'):
                         pass
                 except PermissionError:
                     pass
-            chmod_func(target, mode | stat.S_IWRITE, **kwargs)
-            self.assertEqual(os.stat(target).st_mode, mode | stat.S_IWRITE)
+            new_mode = mode | (stat.S_IWOTH | stat.S_IWGRP | stat.S_IWUSR)
+            chmod_func(target, new_mode, **kwargs)
+            self.assertEqual(os.stat(target).st_mode, new_mode)
             if stat.S_ISREG(mode):
                 with open(target, 'wb+'):
                     pass
@@ -984,11 +986,13 @@ def check_chmod_link(self, chmod_func, target, link, **kwargs):
         target_mode = os.stat(target).st_mode
         link_mode = os.lstat(link).st_mode
         try:
-            chmod_func(link, target_mode & ~stat.S_IWRITE, **kwargs)
-            self.assertEqual(os.stat(target).st_mode, target_mode & ~stat.S_IWRITE)
+            new_mode = target_mode & ~(stat.S_IWOTH | stat.S_IWGRP | stat.S_IWUSR)
+            chmod_func(link, new_mode, **kwargs)
+            self.assertEqual(os.stat(target).st_mode, new_mode)
             self.assertEqual(os.lstat(link).st_mode, link_mode)
-            chmod_func(link, target_mode | stat.S_IWRITE)
-            self.assertEqual(os.stat(target).st_mode, target_mode | stat.S_IWRITE)
+            new_mode = target_mode | (stat.S_IWOTH | stat.S_IWGRP | stat.S_IWUSR)
+            chmod_func(link, new_mode, **kwargs)
+            self.assertEqual(os.stat(target).st_mode, new_mode)
             self.assertEqual(os.lstat(link).st_mode, link_mode)
         finally:
             posix.chmod(target, target_mode)
@@ -996,12 +1000,14 @@ def check_chmod_link(self, chmod_func, target, link, **kwargs):
     def check_lchmod_link(self, chmod_func, target, link, **kwargs):
         target_mode = os.stat(target).st_mode
         link_mode = os.lstat(link).st_mode
-        chmod_func(link, link_mode & ~stat.S_IWRITE, **kwargs)
+        new_mode = link_mode & ~(stat.S_IWOTH | stat.S_IWGRP | stat.S_IWUSR)
+        chmod_func(link, new_mode, **kwargs)
         self.assertEqual(os.stat(target).st_mode, target_mode)
-        self.assertEqual(os.lstat(link).st_mode, link_mode & ~stat.S_IWRITE)
-        chmod_func(link, link_mode | stat.S_IWRITE)
+        self.assertEqual(os.lstat(link).st_mode, new_mode)
+        new_mode = link_mode | (stat.S_IWOTH | stat.S_IWGRP | stat.S_IWUSR)
+        chmod_func(link, new_mode, **kwargs)
         self.assertEqual(os.stat(target).st_mode, target_mode)
-        self.assertEqual(os.lstat(link).st_mode, link_mode | stat.S_IWRITE)
+        self.assertEqual(os.lstat(link).st_mode, new_mode)
 
     @os_helper.skip_unless_symlink
     def test_chmod_file_symlink(self):
diff --git a/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
index 7be35476abd4f4..780ef8b7561dd1 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ os_chmod(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kw
     path_t path = PATH_T_INITIALIZE("chmod", "path", 0, PATH_HAVE_FCHMOD);
     int mode;
     int dir_fd = DEFAULT_DIR_FD;
-    int follow_symlinks = 1;
+    int follow_symlinks = CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS;
 
     args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywords(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser, 2, 2, 0, argsbuf);
     if (!args) {

From 167c00de5e8be8027075ba8265568fa2d4b3c5e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Dec 2023 16:16:54 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 03/12] Fix clinic.

---
 Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h | 6 +++---
 Modules/posixmodule.c          | 6 +++---
 Tools/clinic/clinic.py         | 2 +-
 3 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
index 780ef8b7561dd1..fd9d5e32546008 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ os_fchdir(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *k
 
 PyDoc_STRVAR(os_chmod__doc__,
 "chmod($module, /, path, mode, *, dir_fd=None,\n"
-"      follow_symlinks=_CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS)\n"
+"      follow_symlinks=(os.name != \'nt\'))\n"
 "--\n"
 "\n"
 "Change the access permissions of a file.\n"
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ os_chmod(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kw
     path_t path = PATH_T_INITIALIZE("chmod", "path", 0, PATH_HAVE_FCHMOD);
     int mode;
     int dir_fd = DEFAULT_DIR_FD;
-    int follow_symlinks = CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS;
+    int follow_symlinks = 1;
 
     args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywords(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser, 2, 2, 0, argsbuf);
     if (!args) {
@@ -12422,4 +12422,4 @@ os__supports_virtual_terminal(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 #ifndef OS__SUPPORTS_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_METHODDEF
     #define OS__SUPPORTS_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(OS__SUPPORTS_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=3009d169f2bf20e7 input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=81970b640280cfec input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/posixmodule.c b/Modules/posixmodule.c
index 756ed13bda59ce..ab52909d4765e1 100644
--- a/Modules/posixmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/posixmodule.c
@@ -3352,7 +3352,8 @@ os.chmod
         and path should be relative; path will then be relative to that
         directory.
 
-    follow_symlinks: bool(c_default="CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS") = _CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS
+    follow_symlinks: bool(c_default="CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS", \
+                          py_default="(os.name != 'nt')") = True
         If False, and the last element of the path is a symbolic link,
         chmod will modify the symbolic link itself instead of the file
         the link points to.
@@ -3369,7 +3370,7 @@ dir_fd and follow_symlinks may not be implemented on your platform.
 static PyObject *
 os_chmod_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path, int mode, int dir_fd,
               int follow_symlinks)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=5cf6a94915cc7bff input=b28ffee79f567860]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=5cf6a94915cc7bff input=5c073e3dff76c1a4]*/
 {
     int result;
 
@@ -16970,7 +16971,6 @@ all_ins(PyObject *m)
     if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "_LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_USER_DIRS", LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_USER_DIRS)) return -1;
     if (PyModule_AddIntConstant(m, "_LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DLL_LOAD_DIR", LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DLL_LOAD_DIR)) return -1;
 #endif
-    if (PyModule_Add(m, "_CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS", PyBool_FromLong(CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS))) return -1;
 
     return 0;
 }
diff --git a/Tools/clinic/clinic.py b/Tools/clinic/clinic.py
index 816ce0e6efed61..f44df2a1893024 100755
--- a/Tools/clinic/clinic.py
+++ b/Tools/clinic/clinic.py
@@ -3697,7 +3697,7 @@ def converter_init(self, *, accept: TypeSet = {object}) -> None:
             self.format_unit = 'i'
         elif accept != {object}:
             fail(f"bool_converter: illegal 'accept' argument {accept!r}")
-        if self.default is not unspecified:
+        if self.default is not unspecified and self.default is not unknown:
             self.default = bool(self.default)
             self.c_default = str(int(self.default))
 

From ac3ed22376dcd0ad84cef38581aa75cfee829dfd Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Dec 2023 16:41:07 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 04/12] Fix clinic and Windows again.

---
 Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h | 4 ++--
 Modules/posixmodule.c          | 4 ++--
 2 files changed, 4 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h b/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
index fd9d5e32546008..f36872a1eb7a0f 100644
--- a/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
+++ b/Modules/clinic/posixmodule.c.h
@@ -563,7 +563,7 @@ os_chmod(PyObject *module, PyObject *const *args, Py_ssize_t nargs, PyObject *kw
     path_t path = PATH_T_INITIALIZE("chmod", "path", 0, PATH_HAVE_FCHMOD);
     int mode;
     int dir_fd = DEFAULT_DIR_FD;
-    int follow_symlinks = 1;
+    int follow_symlinks = CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS;
 
     args = _PyArg_UnpackKeywords(args, nargs, NULL, kwnames, &_parser, 2, 2, 0, argsbuf);
     if (!args) {
@@ -12422,4 +12422,4 @@ os__supports_virtual_terminal(PyObject *module, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
 #ifndef OS__SUPPORTS_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_METHODDEF
     #define OS__SUPPORTS_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_METHODDEF
 #endif /* !defined(OS__SUPPORTS_VIRTUAL_TERMINAL_METHODDEF) */
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=81970b640280cfec input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=1be15e60a553b40d input=a9049054013a1b77]*/
diff --git a/Modules/posixmodule.c b/Modules/posixmodule.c
index ab52909d4765e1..ec5edfc4a8562e 100644
--- a/Modules/posixmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/posixmodule.c
@@ -3353,7 +3353,7 @@ os.chmod
         directory.
 
     follow_symlinks: bool(c_default="CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS", \
-                          py_default="(os.name != 'nt')") = True
+                          py_default="(os.name != 'nt')") = CHMOD_DEFAULT_FOLLOW_SYMLINKS
         If False, and the last element of the path is a symbolic link,
         chmod will modify the symbolic link itself instead of the file
         the link points to.
@@ -3370,7 +3370,7 @@ dir_fd and follow_symlinks may not be implemented on your platform.
 static PyObject *
 os_chmod_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path, int mode, int dir_fd,
               int follow_symlinks)
-/*[clinic end generated code: output=5cf6a94915cc7bff input=5c073e3dff76c1a4]*/
+/*[clinic end generated code: output=5cf6a94915cc7bff input=fcf115d174b9f3d8]*/
 {
     int result;
 

From 62a69c9a57753b28423dbe5f372f5c153f42c1df Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Dec 2023 17:09:08 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 05/12] Update docs.

---
 Doc/library/os.rst                              | 17 ++++++++++++-----
 ...023-12-13-17-08-21.gh-issue-59616.JNlWSs.rst |  2 ++
 Modules/posixmodule.c                           |  2 +-
 3 files changed, 15 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-12-13-17-08-21.gh-issue-59616.JNlWSs.rst

diff --git a/Doc/library/os.rst b/Doc/library/os.rst
index e5ac9afc3c6fd9..2261556dc93ba0 100644
--- a/Doc/library/os.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/os.rst
@@ -999,7 +999,7 @@ as internal buffering of data.
    docs for :func:`chmod` for possible values of *mode*.  As of Python 3.3, this
    is equivalent to ``os.chmod(fd, mode)``.
 
-   .. audit-event:: os.chmod path,mode,dir_fd os.fchmod
+   .. audit-event:: os.chmod path,mode,dir_fd,follow_symlinks os.fchmod
 
    .. availability:: Unix.
 
@@ -2027,7 +2027,7 @@ features:
       Accepts a :term:`path-like object`.
 
 
-.. function:: chmod(path, mode, *, dir_fd=None, follow_symlinks=True)
+.. function:: chmod(path, mode, *, dir_fd=None, follow_symlinks=(os.name != 'nt'))
 
    Change the mode of *path* to the numeric *mode*. *mode* may take one of the
    following values (as defined in the :mod:`stat` module) or bitwise ORed
@@ -2062,11 +2062,12 @@ features:
       Although Windows supports :func:`chmod`, you can only set the file's
       read-only flag with it (via the ``stat.S_IWRITE`` and ``stat.S_IREAD``
       constants or a corresponding integer value).  All other bits are ignored.
+      By default, :func:`chmod` on Windows does not follow symlinks.
 
       The function is limited on Emscripten and WASI, see
       :ref:`wasm-availability` for more information.
 
-   .. audit-event:: os.chmod path,mode,dir_fd os.chmod
+   .. audit-event:: os.chmod path,mode,dir_fd,follow_symlinks os.chmod
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
       Added support for specifying *path* as an open file descriptor,
@@ -2075,6 +2076,9 @@ features:
    .. versionchanged:: 3.6
       Accepts a :term:`path-like object`.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
+      Added support for the *follow_symlinks* argument on Windows.
+
 
 .. function:: chown(path, uid, gid, *, dir_fd=None, follow_symlinks=True)
 
@@ -2160,13 +2164,16 @@ features:
    for possible values of *mode*.  As of Python 3.3, this is equivalent to
    ``os.chmod(path, mode, follow_symlinks=False)``.
 
-   .. audit-event:: os.chmod path,mode,dir_fd os.lchmod
+   .. audit-event:: os.chmod path,mode,dir_fd,follow_symlinks os.lchmod
 
-   .. availability:: Unix.
+   .. availability:: Unix, Windows.
 
    .. versionchanged:: 3.6
       Accepts a :term:`path-like object`.
 
+   .. versionchanged:: 3.13
+      Added support on Windows.
+
 .. function:: lchown(path, uid, gid)
 
    Change the owner and group id of *path* to the numeric *uid* and *gid*.  This
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-12-13-17-08-21.gh-issue-59616.JNlWSs.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-12-13-17-08-21.gh-issue-59616.JNlWSs.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..ce85a314bb5043
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-12-13-17-08-21.gh-issue-59616.JNlWSs.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Add support of :func:`os.lchmod` and the *follow_symlinks* argument in
+:func:`os.chmod` on Windows.
diff --git a/Modules/posixmodule.c b/Modules/posixmodule.c
index ec5edfc4a8562e..c71f8aa15bf175 100644
--- a/Modules/posixmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/posixmodule.c
@@ -3531,7 +3531,7 @@ os_fchmod_impl(PyObject *module, int fd, int mode)
     int res;
     int async_err = 0;
 
-    if (PySys_Audit("os.chmod", "iii", fd, mode, -1) < 0) {
+    if (PySys_Audit("os.chmod", "iiiO", fd, mode, -1, Py_False) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
 

From aebcd68a3d0e095468de3e98f958a9a5d9f34f5b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Dec 2023 17:10:40 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 06/12] Run all tests.

---
 Lib/test/libregrtest/main.py | 1 -
 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Lib/test/libregrtest/main.py b/Lib/test/libregrtest/main.py
index 63fac1d6c38b70..7ca1b1cb65ae40 100644
--- a/Lib/test/libregrtest/main.py
+++ b/Lib/test/libregrtest/main.py
@@ -492,7 +492,6 @@ def _run_tests(self, selected: TestTuple, tests: TestList | None) -> int:
                                          self.fail_rerun)
 
     def run_tests(self, selected: TestTuple, tests: TestList | None) -> int:
-        selected = ('test_posix', 'test_tempfile')
         os.makedirs(self.tmp_dir, exist_ok=True)
         work_dir = get_work_dir(self.tmp_dir)
 

From 1f47f6a626d63b277b11f98223d93348f7fcbf4b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Dec 2023 17:13:12 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 07/12] What's New.

---
 Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst | 4 ++++
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+)

diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst
index d599ba9ae6fac8..3401887996d599 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst
@@ -261,6 +261,10 @@ os
   CPU resources of a container system without having to modify the container (application code).
   (Contributed by Donghee Na in :gh:`109595`)
 
+* Add support of :func:`os.lchmod` and the *follow_symlinks* argument
+  in :func:`os.chmod` on Windows.
+  (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`59616`)
+
 pathlib
 -------
 

From 3f3e25a8886346b858f502d06e9d65feabf3525c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Dec 2023 17:28:13 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 08/12] Revert auditing changes.

---
 Doc/library/os.rst    | 6 +++---
 Modules/posixmodule.c | 9 ++++-----
 2 files changed, 7 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Doc/library/os.rst b/Doc/library/os.rst
index 2261556dc93ba0..552363eed42887 100644
--- a/Doc/library/os.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/os.rst
@@ -999,7 +999,7 @@ as internal buffering of data.
    docs for :func:`chmod` for possible values of *mode*.  As of Python 3.3, this
    is equivalent to ``os.chmod(fd, mode)``.
 
-   .. audit-event:: os.chmod path,mode,dir_fd,follow_symlinks os.fchmod
+   .. audit-event:: os.chmod path,mode,dir_fd os.fchmod
 
    .. availability:: Unix.
 
@@ -2067,7 +2067,7 @@ features:
       The function is limited on Emscripten and WASI, see
       :ref:`wasm-availability` for more information.
 
-   .. audit-event:: os.chmod path,mode,dir_fd,follow_symlinks os.chmod
+   .. audit-event:: os.chmod path,mode,dir_fd os.chmod
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.3
       Added support for specifying *path* as an open file descriptor,
@@ -2164,7 +2164,7 @@ features:
    for possible values of *mode*.  As of Python 3.3, this is equivalent to
    ``os.chmod(path, mode, follow_symlinks=False)``.
 
-   .. audit-event:: os.chmod path,mode,dir_fd,follow_symlinks os.lchmod
+   .. audit-event:: os.chmod path,mode,dir_fd os.lchmod
 
    .. availability:: Unix, Windows.
 
diff --git a/Modules/posixmodule.c b/Modules/posixmodule.c
index c71f8aa15bf175..591f81cd5421c1 100644
--- a/Modules/posixmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/posixmodule.c
@@ -3384,9 +3384,8 @@ os_chmod_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path, int mode, int dir_fd,
         return NULL;
 #endif
 
-    if (PySys_Audit("os.chmod", "OiiO", path->object, mode,
-                    dir_fd == DEFAULT_DIR_FD ? -1 : dir_fd,
-                    follow_symlinks ? Py_True : Py_False) < 0) {
+    if (PySys_Audit("os.chmod", "Oii", path->object, mode,
+                    dir_fd == DEFAULT_DIR_FD ? -1 : dir_fd) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -3531,7 +3530,7 @@ os_fchmod_impl(PyObject *module, int fd, int mode)
     int res;
     int async_err = 0;
 
-    if (PySys_Audit("os.chmod", "iiiO", fd, mode, -1, Py_False) < 0) {
+    if (PySys_Audit("os.chmod", "iii", fd, mode, -1) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
@@ -3566,7 +3565,7 @@ os_lchmod_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path, int mode)
 /*[clinic end generated code: output=082344022b51a1d5 input=90c5663c7465d24f]*/
 {
     int res;
-    if (PySys_Audit("os.chmod", "OiiO", path->object, mode, -1, Py_False) < 0) {
+    if (PySys_Audit("os.chmod", "Oii", path->object, mode, -1) < 0) {
         return NULL;
     }
 #ifdef MS_WINDOWS

From 5f5f826b8163197b715f753348cb29c991ada3f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Dec 2023 20:22:35 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 09/12] Fix test_shutil on Windows.

---
 Lib/test/test_shutil.py | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/Lib/test/test_shutil.py b/Lib/test/test_shutil.py
index b29d316352f219..5ce8e5d77fbbf3 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_shutil.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_shutil.py
@@ -1132,10 +1132,11 @@ def test_copymode_symlink_to_symlink(self):
         os.lchmod(src_link, stat.S_IRWXO|stat.S_IRWXG)
         # link to link
         os.lchmod(dst_link, stat.S_IRWXO)
+        old_mode = os.stat(dst).st_mode
         shutil.copymode(src_link, dst_link, follow_symlinks=False)
         self.assertEqual(os.lstat(src_link).st_mode,
                          os.lstat(dst_link).st_mode)
-        self.assertNotEqual(os.stat(src).st_mode, os.stat(dst).st_mode)
+        self.assertEqual(os.stat(dst).st_mode, old_mode)
         # src link - use chmod
         os.lchmod(dst_link, stat.S_IRWXO)
         shutil.copymode(src_link, dst, follow_symlinks=False)

From 64883ace5f7482398657b7cb4b999b728eaddbb2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 13 Dec 2023 20:40:55 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 10/12] Lie to Sphinx.

---
 Doc/library/os.rst | 4 ++--
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Doc/library/os.rst b/Doc/library/os.rst
index 552363eed42887..1b54f9ed505774 100644
--- a/Doc/library/os.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/os.rst
@@ -2027,7 +2027,7 @@ features:
       Accepts a :term:`path-like object`.
 
 
-.. function:: chmod(path, mode, *, dir_fd=None, follow_symlinks=(os.name != 'nt'))
+.. function:: chmod(path, mode, *, dir_fd=None, follow_symlinks=True)
 
    Change the mode of *path* to the numeric *mode*. *mode* may take one of the
    following values (as defined in the :mod:`stat` module) or bitwise ORed
@@ -2062,7 +2062,7 @@ features:
       Although Windows supports :func:`chmod`, you can only set the file's
       read-only flag with it (via the ``stat.S_IWRITE`` and ``stat.S_IREAD``
       constants or a corresponding integer value).  All other bits are ignored.
-      By default, :func:`chmod` on Windows does not follow symlinks.
+      The default value of *follow_symlinks* on Windows is ``False``.
 
       The function is limited on Emscripten and WASI, see
       :ref:`wasm-availability` for more information.

From 37725be0abae3bd4f4e8c2972ef7187985a5ebc0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Dec 2023 08:27:01 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 11/12] Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Erlend E. Aasland <erlend.aasland@protonmail.com>
---
 Modules/posixmodule.c | 14 +++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Modules/posixmodule.c b/Modules/posixmodule.c
index 591f81cd5421c1..b464a28e63b8ac 100644
--- a/Modules/posixmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/posixmodule.c
@@ -3323,10 +3323,12 @@ win32_lchmod(LPCWSTR path, int mode)
     if (attr == INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES) {
         return 0;
     }
-    if (mode & _S_IWRITE)
+    if (mode & _S_IWRITE) {
         attr &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
-    else
+    }
+    else {
         attr |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
+    }
     return SetFileAttributesW(path, attr);
 }
 #endif
@@ -3404,14 +3406,16 @@ os_chmod_impl(PyObject *module, path_t *path, int mode, int dir_fd,
             if (GetFileInformationByHandleEx(hfile, FileBasicInfo,
                                              &info, sizeof(info)))
             {
-                if (mode & _S_IWRITE)
+                if (mode & _S_IWRITE) {
                     info.FileAttributes &= ~FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
-                else
+                }
+                else {
                     info.FileAttributes |= FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY;
+                }
                 result = SetFileInformationByHandle(hfile, FileBasicInfo,
                                                     &info, sizeof(info));
             }
-            CloseHandle(hfile);
+            (void)CloseHandle(hfile);
         }
     }
     else {

From 17b0faf626eab239ce13004c48811bdcdfdec57c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Serhiy Storchaka <storchaka@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 14 Dec 2023 09:34:36 +0200
Subject: [PATCH 12/12] Add more warnings about the default value.

---
 Doc/library/os.rst                                             | 2 +-
 Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst                                          | 2 ++
 .../next/Library/2023-12-13-17-08-21.gh-issue-59616.JNlWSs.rst | 3 ++-
 3 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/Doc/library/os.rst b/Doc/library/os.rst
index c9bb61c54f93b8..f4566a6684e14c 100644
--- a/Doc/library/os.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/os.rst
@@ -2062,7 +2062,7 @@ features:
       Although Windows supports :func:`chmod`, you can only set the file's
       read-only flag with it (via the ``stat.S_IWRITE`` and ``stat.S_IREAD``
       constants or a corresponding integer value).  All other bits are ignored.
-      The default value of *follow_symlinks* on Windows is ``False``.
+      The default value of *follow_symlinks* is ``False`` on Windows.
 
       The function is limited on Emscripten and WASI, see
       :ref:`wasm-availability` for more information.
diff --git a/Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst b/Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst
index 3401887996d599..bd2ae653100a43 100644
--- a/Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst
+++ b/Doc/whatsnew/3.13.rst
@@ -263,6 +263,8 @@ os
 
 * Add support of :func:`os.lchmod` and the *follow_symlinks* argument
   in :func:`os.chmod` on Windows.
+  Note that the default value of *follow_symlinks* in :func:`!os.lchmod` is
+  ``False`` on Windows.
   (Contributed by Serhiy Storchaka in :gh:`59616`)
 
 pathlib
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-12-13-17-08-21.gh-issue-59616.JNlWSs.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-12-13-17-08-21.gh-issue-59616.JNlWSs.rst
index ce85a314bb5043..793ae63b4c1ff5 100644
--- a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-12-13-17-08-21.gh-issue-59616.JNlWSs.rst
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2023-12-13-17-08-21.gh-issue-59616.JNlWSs.rst
@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 Add support of :func:`os.lchmod` and the *follow_symlinks* argument in
-:func:`os.chmod` on Windows.
+:func:`os.chmod` on Windows. Note that the default value of *follow_symlinks*
+in :func:`!os.lchmod` is ``False`` on Windows.