diff --git a/Lib/test/test_mmap.py b/Lib/test/test_mmap.py
index a1cf5384ada5b5..7f33db5c8efccc 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_mmap.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_mmap.py
@@ -899,35 +899,69 @@ def test_madvise(self):
         self.assertEqual(m.madvise(mmap.MADV_NORMAL, 0, 2), None)
         self.assertEqual(m.madvise(mmap.MADV_NORMAL, 0, size), None)
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(os.name == 'nt', 'requires Windows')
-    def test_resize_up_when_mapped_to_pagefile(self):
+    def test_resize_up_anonymous_mapping(self):
         """If the mmap is backed by the pagefile ensure a resize up can happen
         and that the original data is still in place
         """
         start_size = PAGESIZE
         new_size = 2 * start_size
-        data = bytes(random.getrandbits(8) for _ in range(start_size))
+        data = random.randbytes(start_size)
 
-        m = mmap.mmap(-1, start_size)
-        m[:] = data
-        m.resize(new_size)
-        self.assertEqual(len(m), new_size)
-        self.assertEqual(m[:start_size], data[:start_size])
+        with mmap.mmap(-1, start_size) as m:
+            m[:] = data
+            if sys.platform.startswith(('linux', 'android')):
+                # Can't expand a shared anonymous mapping on Linux.
+                # See https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=8691
+                with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                    m.resize(new_size)
+            else:
+                try:
+                    m.resize(new_size)
+                except SystemError:
+                    pass
+                else:
+                    self.assertEqual(len(m), new_size)
+                    self.assertEqual(m[:start_size], data)
+                    self.assertEqual(m[start_size:], b'\0' * (new_size - start_size))
 
-    @unittest.skipUnless(os.name == 'nt', 'requires Windows')
-    def test_resize_down_when_mapped_to_pagefile(self):
+    @unittest.skipUnless(os.name == 'posix', 'requires Posix')
+    def test_resize_up_private_anonymous_mapping(self):
+        start_size = PAGESIZE
+        new_size = 2 * start_size
+        data = random.randbytes(start_size)
+
+        with mmap.mmap(-1, start_size, flags=mmap.MAP_PRIVATE) as m:
+            m[:] = data
+            try:
+                m.resize(new_size)
+            except SystemError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(len(m), new_size)
+                self.assertEqual(m[:start_size], data)
+                self.assertEqual(m[start_size:], b'\0' * (new_size - start_size))
+
+    def test_resize_down_anonymous_mapping(self):
         """If the mmap is backed by the pagefile ensure a resize down up can happen
         and that a truncated form of the original data is still in place
         """
-        start_size = PAGESIZE
+        start_size = 2 * PAGESIZE
         new_size = start_size // 2
-        data = bytes(random.getrandbits(8) for _ in range(start_size))
+        data = random.randbytes(start_size)
 
-        m = mmap.mmap(-1, start_size)
-        m[:] = data
-        m.resize(new_size)
-        self.assertEqual(len(m), new_size)
-        self.assertEqual(m[:new_size], data[:new_size])
+        with mmap.mmap(-1, start_size) as m:
+            m[:] = data
+            try:
+                m.resize(new_size)
+            except SystemError:
+                pass
+            else:
+                self.assertEqual(len(m), new_size)
+                self.assertEqual(m[:], data[:new_size])
+                if sys.platform.startswith(('linux', 'android')):
+                    # Can't expand to its original size.
+                    with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                        m.resize(start_size)
 
     @unittest.skipUnless(os.name == 'nt', 'requires Windows')
     def test_resize_fails_if_mapping_held_elsewhere(self):
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-08-28-13-20-09.gh-issue-138204.8oLOud.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-08-28-13-20-09.gh-issue-138204.8oLOud.rst
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..8eb5497f5da545
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-08-28-13-20-09.gh-issue-138204.8oLOud.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Forbid expansion of shared anonymous :mod:`memory maps <mmap>` on Linux,
+which caused a bus error.
diff --git a/Modules/mmapmodule.c b/Modules/mmapmodule.c
index 4cc888004c3c27..0e1a709835e328 100644
--- a/Modules/mmapmodule.c
+++ b/Modules/mmapmodule.c
@@ -120,6 +120,7 @@ typedef struct {
 #ifdef UNIX
     int fd;
     _Bool trackfd;
+    int flags;
 #endif
 
     PyObject *weakreflist;
@@ -871,6 +872,13 @@ mmap_resize_method(mmap_object *self,
 #else
         void *newmap;
 
+#ifdef __linux__
+        if (self->fd == -1 && !(self->flags & MAP_PRIVATE) && new_size > self->size) {
+            PyErr_Format(PyExc_ValueError,
+                "mmap: can't expand a shared anonymous mapping on Linux");
+            return NULL;
+        }
+#endif
         if (self->fd != -1 && ftruncate(self->fd, self->offset + new_size) == -1) {
             PyErr_SetFromErrno(PyExc_OSError);
             return NULL;
@@ -1651,6 +1659,7 @@ new_mmap_object(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwdict)
     else {
         m_obj->fd = -1;
     }
+    m_obj->flags = flags;
 
     Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS
     m_obj->data = mmap(NULL, map_size, prot, flags, fd, offset);