diff --git a/Doc/library/ftplib.rst b/Doc/library/ftplib.rst
index e1baeff3f373bf1..27bafd8120a5098 100644
--- a/Doc/library/ftplib.rst
+++ b/Doc/library/ftplib.rst
@@ -276,6 +276,22 @@ FTP objects
       prints the line to :data:`sys.stdout`.
 
 
+   .. attribute:: FTP.prefer_epsv
+
+       A :class:`bool` that controls whether passive mode data connections
+       try the EPSV command (:rfc:`2428`) before falling back to PASV on IPv4
+       connections.  Defaults to ``True``.
+
+       EPSV responses contain only a port number and no IP address, making them
+       transparent to firewall FTP Application Layer Gateways (ALGs) that
+       commonly intercept and mangle PASV responses.  If the server does not
+       support EPSV, the connection falls back to PASV automatically.
+
+      Set to ``False`` to restore the legacy PASV-first behavior on IPv4.
+
+      .. versionadded:: 3.15
+
+
    .. method:: FTP.set_pasv(val)
 
       Enable "passive" mode if *val* is true, otherwise disable passive mode.
diff --git a/Lib/ftplib.py b/Lib/ftplib.py
index 2f092d50f31782b..ad31cea92343336 100644
--- a/Lib/ftplib.py
+++ b/Lib/ftplib.py
@@ -105,6 +105,10 @@ class FTP:
     passiveserver = True
     # Disables https://bugs.python.org/issue43285 security if set to True.
     trust_server_pasv_ipv4_address = False
+    # Prefer EPSV (RFC 2428) over PASV on IPv4 connections.
+    # EPSV is firewall-transparent (no IP in response) and works on both
+    # IPv4 and IPv6. Falls back to PASV if server doesn't support EPSV.
+    prefer_epsv = True
 
     def __init__(self, host='', user='', passwd='', acct='',
                  timeout=_GLOBAL_DEFAULT_TIMEOUT, source_address=None, *,
@@ -322,8 +326,20 @@ def makeport(self):
         return sock
 
     def makepasv(self):
-        """Internal: Does the PASV or EPSV handshake -> (address, port)"""
+        """Internal: Does the EPSV or PASV handshake -> (address, port)
+
+        Prefers EPSV (RFC 2428) on IPv4 when prefer_epsv is True, falling
+        back to PASV if the server does not support EPSV. EPSV is always
+        used on IPv6 regardless of prefer_epsv.
+        """
         if self.af == socket.AF_INET:
+            if self.prefer_epsv:
+                try:
+                    host, port = parse229(self.sendcmd('EPSV'),
+                                          self.sock.getpeername())
+                    return host, port
+                except error_perm:
+                    pass
             untrusted_host, port = parse227(self.sendcmd('PASV'))
             if self.trust_server_pasv_ipv4_address:
                 host = untrusted_host
diff --git a/Lib/test/test_ftplib.py b/Lib/test/test_ftplib.py
index f1eff9430f7351c..524303e136457b0 100644
--- a/Lib/test/test_ftplib.py
+++ b/Lib/test/test_ftplib.py
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ def cmd_eprt(self, arg):
 
     def cmd_epsv(self, arg):
         with socket.create_server((self.socket.getsockname()[0], 0),
-                                  family=socket.AF_INET6) as sock:
+                                  family=self.socket.family) as sock:
             sock.settimeout(TIMEOUT)
             port = sock.getsockname()[1]
             self.push('229 entering extended passive mode (|||%d|)' %port)
@@ -724,11 +724,31 @@ def test_makepasv(self):
         host, port = self.client.makepasv()
         conn = socket.create_connection((host, port), timeout=TIMEOUT)
         conn.close()
-        # IPv4 is in use, just make sure send_epsv has not been used
+        # IPv4 with prefer_epsv=True (default) should use EPSV
+        self.assertEqual(self.server.handler_instance.last_received_cmd, 'epsv')
+
+    def test_makepasv_prefer_epsv_disabled(self):
+        self.client.prefer_epsv = False
+        host, port = self.client.makepasv()
+        conn = socket.create_connection((host, port), timeout=TIMEOUT)
+        conn.close()
         self.assertEqual(self.server.handler_instance.last_received_cmd, 'pasv')
 
+    def test_makepasv_prefer_epsv_fallback_to_pasv(self):
+        # Simulate server not supporting EPSV by monkey-patching the handler
+        original_cmd_epsv = self.server.handler.cmd_epsv
+        self.server.handler.cmd_epsv = lambda self_handler, arg: self_handler.push('500 EPSV not understood')
+        try:
+            host, port = self.client.makepasv()
+            conn = socket.create_connection((host, port), timeout=TIMEOUT)
+            conn.close()
+            self.assertEqual(self.server.handler_instance.last_received_cmd, 'pasv')
+        finally:
+            self.server.handler.cmd_epsv = original_cmd_epsv
+
     def test_makepasv_issue43285_security_disabled(self):
         """Test the opt-in to the old vulnerable behavior."""
+        self.client.prefer_epsv = False
         self.client.trust_server_pasv_ipv4_address = True
         bad_host, port = self.client.makepasv()
         self.assertEqual(
@@ -739,6 +759,7 @@ def test_makepasv_issue43285_security_disabled(self):
                                  timeout=TIMEOUT).close()
 
     def test_makepasv_issue43285_security_enabled_default(self):
+        self.client.prefer_epsv = False
         self.assertFalse(self.client.trust_server_pasv_ipv4_address)
         trusted_host, port = self.client.makepasv()
         self.assertNotEqual(
diff --git a/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-05-22-12-00-00.gh-issue-127478.EpsvFtp.rst b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-05-22-12-00-00.gh-issue-127478.EpsvFtp.rst
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000000..fe08ce28e7299e4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2026-05-22-12-00-00.gh-issue-127478.EpsvFtp.rst
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+:mod:`ftplib`: Passive mode data connections now prefer EPSV (RFC 2428) over
+PASV on IPv4 connections, falling back to PASV if the server does not support
+EPSV. EPSV is firewall-transparent as it does not embed an IP address in the
+response, avoiding interference from firewall FTP Application Layer Gateways
+(ALGs). A new class attribute :attr:`~ftplib.FTP.prefer_epsv` (default
+``True``) controls this behavior.