diff --git a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/VERSIONS b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/VERSIONS
index f5e30c4602b4d..5099a94c93bc2 100644
--- a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/VERSIONS
+++ b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/VERSIONS
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # The structure of this file is as follows:
 # - Blank lines and comments starting with `#` are ignored.
 # - Lines contain the name of a module, followed by a colon,
-#   a space, and a version range (for example: `symbol: 2.7-3.9`).
+#   a space, and a version range (for example: `symbol: 3.0-3.9`).
 #
 # Version ranges may be of the form "X.Y-A.B" or "X.Y-". The
 # first form means that a module was introduced in version X.Y and last
@@ -12,57 +12,57 @@
 # If a submodule is not listed separately, it has the same lifetime as
 # its parent module.
 #
-# Python versions before 2.7 are ignored, so any module that was already
-# present in 2.7 will have "2.7" as its minimum version. Version ranges
+# Python versions before 3.0 are ignored, so any module that was already
+# present in 3.0 will have "3.0" as its minimum version. Version ranges
 # for unsupported versions of Python 3 are generally accurate but we do
 # not guarantee their correctness.
 
-__future__: 2.7-
-__main__: 2.7-
-_ast: 2.7-
-_bisect: 2.7-
+__future__: 3.0-
+__main__: 3.0-
+_ast: 3.0-
+_bisect: 3.0-
 _bootlocale: 3.4-3.9
-_codecs: 2.7-
+_codecs: 3.0-
 _collections_abc: 3.3-
 _compat_pickle: 3.1-
 _compression: 3.5-
-_csv: 2.7-
-_ctypes: 2.7-
-_curses: 2.7-
+_csv: 3.0-
+_ctypes: 3.0-
+_curses: 3.0-
 _decimal: 3.3-
 _dummy_thread: 3.0-3.8
-_dummy_threading: 2.7-3.8
-_heapq: 2.7-
+_dummy_threading: 3.0-3.8
+_heapq: 3.0-
 _imp: 3.0-
-_json: 2.7-
-_locale: 2.7-
-_markupbase: 2.7-
-_msi: 2.7-
+_json: 3.0-
+_locale: 3.0-
+_markupbase: 3.0-
+_msi: 3.0-
 _operator: 3.4-
-_osx_support: 2.7-
+_osx_support: 3.0-
 _posixsubprocess: 3.2-
 _py_abc: 3.7-
 _pydecimal: 3.5-
-_random: 2.7-
+_random: 3.0-
 _sitebuiltins: 3.4-
-_socket: 3.0-  # present in 2.7 at runtime, but not in typeshed
+_socket: 3.0-  # present in 3.0 at runtime, but not in typeshed
 _stat: 3.4-
-_thread: 2.7-
-_threading_local: 2.7-
-_tkinter: 2.7-
+_thread: 3.0-
+_threading_local: 3.0-
+_tkinter: 3.0-
 _tracemalloc: 3.4-
-_typeshed: 2.7-  # not present at runtime, only for type checking
-_warnings: 2.7-
-_weakref: 2.7-
-_weakrefset: 2.7-
+_typeshed: 3.0-  # not present at runtime, only for type checking
+_warnings: 3.0-
+_weakref: 3.0-
+_weakrefset: 3.0-
 _winapi: 3.3-
-abc: 2.7-
-aifc: 2.7-
-antigravity: 2.7-
-argparse: 2.7-
-array: 2.7-
-ast: 2.7-
-asynchat: 2.7-3.11
+abc: 3.0-
+aifc: 3.0-3.12
+antigravity: 3.0-
+argparse: 3.0-
+array: 3.0-
+ast: 3.0-
+asynchat: 3.0-3.11
 asyncio: 3.4-
 asyncio.mixins: 3.10-
 asyncio.exceptions: 3.8-
@@ -73,83 +73,83 @@ asyncio.taskgroups: 3.11-
 asyncio.threads: 3.9-
 asyncio.timeouts: 3.11-
 asyncio.trsock: 3.8-
-asyncore: 2.7-3.11
-atexit: 2.7-
-audioop: 2.7-
-base64: 2.7-
-bdb: 2.7-
-binascii: 2.7-
-binhex: 2.7-3.10
-bisect: 2.7-
+asyncore: 3.0-3.11
+atexit: 3.0-
+audioop: 3.0-3.12
+base64: 3.0-
+bdb: 3.0-
+binascii: 3.0-
+binhex: 3.0-3.10
+bisect: 3.0-
 builtins: 3.0-
-bz2: 2.7-
-cProfile: 2.7-
-calendar: 2.7-
-cgi: 2.7-
-cgitb: 2.7-
-chunk: 2.7-
-cmath: 2.7-
-cmd: 2.7-
-code: 2.7-
-codecs: 2.7-
-codeop: 2.7-
-collections: 2.7-
+bz2: 3.0-
+cProfile: 3.0-
+calendar: 3.0-
+cgi: 3.0-3.12
+cgitb: 3.0-3.12
+chunk: 3.0-3.12
+cmath: 3.0-
+cmd: 3.0-
+code: 3.0-
+codecs: 3.0-
+codeop: 3.0-
+collections: 3.0-
 collections.abc: 3.3-
-colorsys: 2.7-
-compileall: 2.7-
+colorsys: 3.0-
+compileall: 3.0-
 concurrent: 3.2-
 configparser: 3.0-
-contextlib: 2.7-
+contextlib: 3.0-
 contextvars: 3.7-
-copy: 2.7-
-copyreg: 2.7-
-crypt: 2.7-
-csv: 2.7-
-ctypes: 2.7-
-curses: 2.7-
+copy: 3.0-
+copyreg: 3.0-
+crypt: 3.0-3.12
+csv: 3.0-
+ctypes: 3.0-
+curses: 3.0-
 dataclasses: 3.7-
-datetime: 2.7-
-dbm: 2.7-
-decimal: 2.7-
-difflib: 2.7-
-dis: 2.7-
-distutils: 2.7-3.11
-distutils.command.bdist_msi: 2.7-3.10
-distutils.command.bdist_wininst: 2.7-3.9
-doctest: 2.7-
-dummy_threading: 2.7-3.8
-email: 2.7-
-encodings: 2.7-
-ensurepip: 2.7-
+datetime: 3.0-
+dbm: 3.0-
+decimal: 3.0-
+difflib: 3.0-
+dis: 3.0-
+distutils: 3.0-3.11
+distutils.command.bdist_msi: 3.0-3.10
+distutils.command.bdist_wininst: 3.0-3.9
+doctest: 3.0-
+dummy_threading: 3.0-3.8
+email: 3.0-
+encodings: 3.0-
+ensurepip: 3.0-
 enum: 3.4-
-errno: 2.7-
+errno: 3.0-
 faulthandler: 3.3-
-fcntl: 2.7-
-filecmp: 2.7-
-fileinput: 2.7-
-fnmatch: 2.7-
-formatter: 2.7-3.9
-fractions: 2.7-
-ftplib: 2.7-
-functools: 2.7-
-gc: 2.7-
-genericpath: 2.7-
-getopt: 2.7-
-getpass: 2.7-
-gettext: 2.7-
-glob: 2.7-
+fcntl: 3.0-
+filecmp: 3.0-
+fileinput: 3.0-
+fnmatch: 3.0-
+formatter: 3.0-3.9
+fractions: 3.0-
+ftplib: 3.0-
+functools: 3.0-
+gc: 3.0-
+genericpath: 3.0-
+getopt: 3.0-
+getpass: 3.0-
+gettext: 3.0-
+glob: 3.0-
 graphlib: 3.9-
-grp: 2.7-
-gzip: 2.7-
-hashlib: 2.7-
-heapq: 2.7-
-hmac: 2.7-
+grp: 3.0-
+gzip: 3.0-
+hashlib: 3.0-
+heapq: 3.0-
+hmac: 3.0-
 html: 3.0-
 http: 3.0-
-imaplib: 2.7-
-imghdr: 2.7-
-imp: 2.7-3.11
-importlib: 2.7-
+imaplib: 3.0-
+imghdr: 3.0-3.12
+imp: 3.0-3.11
+importlib: 3.0-
 importlib._abc: 3.10-
 importlib.metadata: 3.8-
 importlib.metadata._meta: 3.10-
@@ -159,150 +159,151 @@ importlib.resources.abc: 3.11-
 importlib.resources.readers: 3.11-
 importlib.resources.simple: 3.11-
 importlib.simple: 3.11-
-inspect: 2.7-
-io: 2.7-
+inspect: 3.0-
+io: 3.0-
 ipaddress: 3.3-
-itertools: 2.7-
-json: 2.7-
-keyword: 2.7-
-lib2to3: 2.7-
-linecache: 2.7-
-locale: 2.7-
-logging: 2.7-
+itertools: 3.0-
+json: 3.0-
+keyword: 3.0-
+lib2to3: 3.0-
+linecache: 3.0-
+locale: 3.0-
+logging: 3.0-
 lzma: 3.3-
-macpath: 2.7-3.7
-mailbox: 2.7-
-mailcap: 2.7-
-marshal: 2.7-
-math: 2.7-
-mimetypes: 2.7-
-mmap: 2.7-
-modulefinder: 2.7-
-msilib: 2.7-
-msvcrt: 2.7-
-multiprocessing: 2.7-
+macpath: 3.0-3.7
+mailbox: 3.0-
+mailcap: 3.0-3.12
+marshal: 3.0-
+math: 3.0-
+mimetypes: 3.0-
+mmap: 3.0-
+modulefinder: 3.0-
+msilib: 3.0-3.12
+msvcrt: 3.0-
+multiprocessing: 3.0-
 multiprocessing.resource_tracker: 3.8-
 multiprocessing.shared_memory: 3.8-
-netrc: 2.7-
-nis: 2.7-
-nntplib: 2.7-
-nt: 2.7-
-ntpath: 2.7-
-nturl2path: 2.7-
-numbers: 2.7-
-opcode: 2.7-
-operator: 2.7-
-optparse: 2.7-
-os: 2.7-
-ossaudiodev: 2.7-
-parser: 2.7-3.9
+netrc: 3.0-
+nis: 3.0-3.12
+nntplib: 3.0-3.12
+nt: 3.0-
+ntpath: 3.0-
+nturl2path: 3.0-
+numbers: 3.0-
+opcode: 3.0-
+operator: 3.0-
+optparse: 3.0-
+os: 3.0-
+ossaudiodev: 3.0-3.12
+parser: 3.0-3.9
 pathlib: 3.4-
-pdb: 2.7-
-pickle: 2.7-
-pickletools: 2.7-
-pipes: 2.7-
-pkgutil: 2.7-
-platform: 2.7-
-plistlib: 2.7-
-poplib: 2.7-
-posix: 2.7-
-posixpath: 2.7-
-pprint: 2.7-
-profile: 2.7-
-pstats: 2.7-
-pty: 2.7-
-pwd: 2.7-
-py_compile: 2.7-
-pyclbr: 2.7-
-pydoc: 2.7-
-pydoc_data: 2.7-
-pyexpat: 2.7-
+pdb: 3.0-
+pickle: 3.0-
+pickletools: 3.0-
+pipes: 3.0-3.12
+pkgutil: 3.0-
+platform: 3.0-
+plistlib: 3.0-
+poplib: 3.0-
+posix: 3.0-
+posixpath: 3.0-
+pprint: 3.0-
+profile: 3.0-
+pstats: 3.0-
+pty: 3.0-
+pwd: 3.0-
+py_compile: 3.0-
+pyclbr: 3.0-
+pydoc: 3.0-
+pydoc_data: 3.0-
+pyexpat: 3.0-
 queue: 3.0-
-quopri: 2.7-
-random: 2.7-
-re: 2.7-
-readline: 2.7-
+quopri: 3.0-
+random: 3.0-
+re: 3.0-
+readline: 3.0-
 reprlib: 3.0-
-resource: 2.7-
-rlcompleter: 2.7-
-runpy: 2.7-
-sched: 2.7-
+resource: 3.0-
+rlcompleter: 3.0-
+runpy: 3.0-
+sched: 3.0-
 secrets: 3.6-
-select: 2.7-
+select: 3.0-
 selectors: 3.4-
-shelve: 2.7-
-shlex: 2.7-
-shutil: 2.7-
-signal: 2.7-
-site: 2.7-
-smtpd: 2.7-3.11
-smtplib: 2.7-
-sndhdr: 2.7-
-socket: 2.7-
+shelve: 3.0-
+shlex: 3.0-
+shutil: 3.0-
+signal: 3.0-
+site: 3.0-
+smtpd: 3.0-3.11
+smtplib: 3.0-
+sndhdr: 3.0-3.12
+socket: 3.0-
 socketserver: 3.0-
-spwd: 2.7-
-sqlite3: 2.7-
-sre_compile: 2.7-
-sre_constants: 2.7-
-sre_parse: 2.7-
-ssl: 2.7-
-stat: 2.7-
+spwd: 3.0-3.12
+sqlite3: 3.0-
+sre_compile: 3.0-
+sre_constants: 3.0-
+sre_parse: 3.0-
+ssl: 3.0-
+stat: 3.0-
 statistics: 3.4-
-string: 2.7-
-stringprep: 2.7-
-struct: 2.7-
-subprocess: 2.7-
-sunau: 2.7-
-symbol: 2.7-3.9
-symtable: 2.7-
-sys: 2.7-
+string: 3.0-
+stringprep: 3.0-
+struct: 3.0-
+subprocess: 3.0-
+sunau: 3.0-3.12
+symbol: 3.0-3.9
+symtable: 3.0-
+sys: 3.0-
 sys._monitoring: 3.12-  # Doesn't actually exist. See comments in the stub.
-sysconfig: 2.7-
-syslog: 2.7-
-tabnanny: 2.7-
-tarfile: 2.7-
-telnetlib: 2.7-
-tempfile: 2.7-
-termios: 2.7-
-textwrap: 2.7-
-this: 2.7-
-threading: 2.7-
-time: 2.7-
-timeit: 2.7-
+sysconfig: 3.0-
+syslog: 3.0-
+tabnanny: 3.0-
+tarfile: 3.0-
+telnetlib: 3.0-3.12
+tempfile: 3.0-
+termios: 3.0-
+textwrap: 3.0-
+this: 3.0-
+threading: 3.0-
+time: 3.0-
+timeit: 3.0-
 tkinter: 3.0-
-token: 2.7-
-tokenize: 2.7-
+token: 3.0-
+tokenize: 3.0-
 tomllib: 3.11-
-trace: 2.7-
-traceback: 2.7-
+trace: 3.0-
+traceback: 3.0-
 tracemalloc: 3.4-
-tty: 2.7-
-turtle: 2.7-
-types: 2.7-
+tty: 3.0-
+turtle: 3.0-
+types: 3.0-
 typing: 3.5-
-typing_extensions: 2.7-
-unicodedata: 2.7-
-unittest: 2.7-
+typing_extensions: 3.0-
+unicodedata: 3.0-
+unittest: 3.0-
 unittest._log: 3.9-
 unittest.async_case: 3.8-
-urllib: 2.7-
-uu: 2.7-
-uuid: 2.7-
+urllib: 3.0-
+uu: 3.0-3.12
+uuid: 3.0-
 venv: 3.3-
-warnings: 2.7-
-wave: 2.7-
-weakref: 2.7-
-webbrowser: 2.7-
+warnings: 3.0-
+wave: 3.0-
+weakref: 3.0-
+webbrowser: 3.0-
 winreg: 3.0-
-winsound: 2.7-
-wsgiref: 2.7-
+winsound: 3.0-
+wsgiref: 3.0-
 wsgiref.types: 3.11-
-xdrlib: 2.7-
-xml: 2.7-
+xdrlib: 3.0-3.12
+xml: 3.0-
 xmlrpc: 3.0-
 xxlimited: 3.2-
 zipapp: 3.5-
-zipfile: 2.7-
-zipimport: 2.7-
-zlib: 2.7-
+zipfile: 3.0-
+zipfile._path: 3.12-
+zipimport: 3.0-
+zlib: 3.0-
 zoneinfo: 3.9-
diff --git a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/_ast.pyi b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/_ast.pyi
index 0302133fc6f9a..0fbf66f7fedae 100644
--- a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/_ast.pyi
+++ b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/_ast.pyi
@@ -586,7 +586,9 @@ if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
         patterns: list[pattern]
 
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
-    class type_param(AST): ...
+    class type_param(AST):
+        end_lineno: int
+        end_col_offset: int
 
     class TypeVar(type_param):
         __match_args__ = ("name", "bound")
diff --git a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/_thread.pyi b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/_thread.pyi
index dba8664fbf132..8bd0b179607bc 100644
--- a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/_thread.pyi
+++ b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/_thread.pyi
@@ -46,3 +46,8 @@ if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
 
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
     def daemon_threads_allowed() -> bool: ...
+
+class _local:
+    def __getattribute__(self, __name: str) -> Any: ...
+    def __setattr__(self, __name: str, __value: Any) -> None: ...
+    def __delattr__(self, __name: str) -> None: ...
diff --git a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/asyncore.pyi b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/asyncore.pyi
index 47c8e2207022a..36d1862fdda78 100644
--- a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/asyncore.pyi
+++ b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/asyncore.pyi
@@ -83,6 +83,7 @@ if sys.platform != "win32":
         def write(self, data: bytes, flags: int = ...) -> int: ...
         def close(self) -> None: ...
         def fileno(self) -> int: ...
+        def __del__(self) -> None: ...
 
     class file_dispatcher(dispatcher):
         def __init__(self, fd: FileDescriptorLike, map: _MapType | None = None) -> None: ...
diff --git a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/base64.pyi b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/base64.pyi
index 24830cbfba048..4629c95d0949b 100644
--- a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/base64.pyi
+++ b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/base64.pyi
@@ -27,13 +27,13 @@ if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
     __all__ += ["b32hexencode", "b32hexdecode"]
 
 def b64encode(s: ReadableBuffer, altchars: ReadableBuffer | None = None) -> bytes: ...
-def b64decode(s: str | ReadableBuffer, altchars: ReadableBuffer | None = None, validate: bool = False) -> bytes: ...
+def b64decode(s: str | ReadableBuffer, altchars: str | ReadableBuffer | None = None, validate: bool = False) -> bytes: ...
 def standard_b64encode(s: ReadableBuffer) -> bytes: ...
 def standard_b64decode(s: str | ReadableBuffer) -> bytes: ...
 def urlsafe_b64encode(s: ReadableBuffer) -> bytes: ...
 def urlsafe_b64decode(s: str | ReadableBuffer) -> bytes: ...
 def b32encode(s: ReadableBuffer) -> bytes: ...
-def b32decode(s: str | ReadableBuffer, casefold: bool = False, map01: bytes | None = None) -> bytes: ...
+def b32decode(s: str | ReadableBuffer, casefold: bool = False, map01: str | ReadableBuffer | None = None) -> bytes: ...
 def b16encode(s: ReadableBuffer) -> bytes: ...
 def b16decode(s: str | ReadableBuffer, casefold: bool = False) -> bytes: ...
 
diff --git a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/concurrent/futures/process.pyi b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/concurrent/futures/process.pyi
index 000e7a43503ac..d3706a9c15a6f 100644
--- a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/concurrent/futures/process.pyi
+++ b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/concurrent/futures/process.pyi
@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@ from multiprocessing.context import BaseContext, Process
 from multiprocessing.queues import Queue, SimpleQueue
 from threading import Lock, Semaphore, Thread
 from types import TracebackType
-from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar, overload
+from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
 from weakref import ref
 
 from ._base import BrokenExecutor, Executor, Future
 
 _T = TypeVar("_T")
+_Ts = TypeVarTuple("_Ts")
 
 _threads_wakeups: MutableMapping[Any, Any]
 _global_shutdown: bool
@@ -109,8 +111,8 @@ if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
     def _process_worker(
         call_queue: Queue[_CallItem],
         result_queue: SimpleQueue[_ResultItem],
-        initializer: Callable[..., object] | None,
-        initargs: tuple[Any, ...],
+        initializer: Callable[[Unpack[_Ts]], object] | None,
+        initargs: tuple[Unpack[_Ts]],
         max_tasks: int | None = None,
     ) -> None: ...
 
@@ -118,8 +120,8 @@ else:
     def _process_worker(
         call_queue: Queue[_CallItem],
         result_queue: SimpleQueue[_ResultItem],
-        initializer: Callable[..., object] | None,
-        initargs: tuple[Any, ...],
+        initializer: Callable[[Unpack[_Ts]], object] | None,
+        initargs: tuple[Unpack[_Ts]],
     ) -> None: ...
 
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
@@ -169,22 +171,61 @@ class ProcessPoolExecutor(Executor):
     _result_queue: SimpleQueue[Any]
     _work_ids: Queue[Any]
     if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+        @overload
         def __init__(
             self,
             max_workers: int | None = None,
             mp_context: BaseContext | None = None,
-            initializer: Callable[..., object] | None = None,
-            initargs: tuple[Any, ...] = (),
+            initializer: Callable[[], object] | None = None,
+            initargs: tuple[()] = (),
+            *,
+            max_tasks_per_child: int | None = None,
+        ) -> None: ...
+        @overload
+        def __init__(
+            self,
+            max_workers: int | None = None,
+            mp_context: BaseContext | None = None,
+            *,
+            initializer: Callable[[Unpack[_Ts]], object],
+            initargs: tuple[Unpack[_Ts]],
+            max_tasks_per_child: int | None = None,
+        ) -> None: ...
+        @overload
+        def __init__(
+            self,
+            max_workers: int | None,
+            mp_context: BaseContext | None,
+            initializer: Callable[[Unpack[_Ts]], object],
+            initargs: tuple[Unpack[_Ts]],
             *,
             max_tasks_per_child: int | None = None,
         ) -> None: ...
     else:
+        @overload
+        def __init__(
+            self,
+            max_workers: int | None = None,
+            mp_context: BaseContext | None = None,
+            initializer: Callable[[], object] | None = None,
+            initargs: tuple[()] = (),
+        ) -> None: ...
+        @overload
         def __init__(
             self,
             max_workers: int | None = None,
             mp_context: BaseContext | None = None,
-            initializer: Callable[..., object] | None = None,
-            initargs: tuple[Any, ...] = (),
+            *,
+            initializer: Callable[[Unpack[_Ts]], object],
+            initargs: tuple[Unpack[_Ts]],
+        ) -> None: ...
+        @overload
+        def __init__(
+            self,
+            max_workers: int | None,
+            mp_context: BaseContext | None,
+            initializer: Callable[[Unpack[_Ts]], object],
+            initargs: tuple[Unpack[_Ts]],
         ) -> None: ...
     if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
         def _start_executor_manager_thread(self) -> None: ...
diff --git a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/concurrent/futures/thread.pyi b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/concurrent/futures/thread.pyi
index 0b00d524aa3d1..f38cf2c57963d 100644
--- a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/concurrent/futures/thread.pyi
+++ b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/concurrent/futures/thread.pyi
@@ -2,11 +2,14 @@ import queue
 import sys
 from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Mapping, Set as AbstractSet
 from threading import Lock, Semaphore, Thread
-from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar
+from typing import Any, Generic, TypeVar, overload
+from typing_extensions import TypeVarTuple, Unpack
 from weakref import ref
 
 from ._base import BrokenExecutor, Executor, Future
 
+_Ts = TypeVarTuple("_Ts")
+
 _threads_queues: Mapping[Any, Any]
 _shutdown: bool
 _global_shutdown_lock: Lock
@@ -31,8 +34,8 @@ class _WorkItem(Generic[_S]):
 def _worker(
     executor_reference: ref[Any],
     work_queue: queue.SimpleQueue[Any],
-    initializer: Callable[..., object],
-    initargs: tuple[Any, ...],
+    initializer: Callable[[Unpack[_Ts]], object],
+    initargs: tuple[Unpack[_Ts]],
 ) -> None: ...
 
 class BrokenThreadPool(BrokenExecutor): ...
@@ -48,12 +51,30 @@ class ThreadPoolExecutor(Executor):
     _initializer: Callable[..., None] | None
     _initargs: tuple[Any, ...]
     _work_queue: queue.SimpleQueue[_WorkItem[Any]]
+    @overload
     def __init__(
         self,
         max_workers: int | None = None,
         thread_name_prefix: str = "",
-        initializer: Callable[..., object] | None = None,
-        initargs: tuple[Any, ...] = (),
+        initializer: Callable[[], object] | None = None,
+        initargs: tuple[()] = (),
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        max_workers: int | None = None,
+        thread_name_prefix: str = "",
+        *,
+        initializer: Callable[[Unpack[_Ts]], object],
+        initargs: tuple[Unpack[_Ts]],
+    ) -> None: ...
+    @overload
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        max_workers: int | None,
+        thread_name_prefix: str,
+        initializer: Callable[[Unpack[_Ts]], object],
+        initargs: tuple[Unpack[_Ts]],
     ) -> None: ...
     def _adjust_thread_count(self) -> None: ...
     def _initializer_failed(self) -> None: ...
diff --git a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/http/client.pyi b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/http/client.pyi
index 20223695a1a82..fb5450730f607 100644
--- a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/http/client.pyi
+++ b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/http/client.pyi
@@ -99,6 +99,24 @@ responses: dict[int, str]
 
 class HTTPMessage(email.message.Message):
     def getallmatchingheaders(self, name: str) -> list[str]: ...  # undocumented
+    # override below all of Message's methods that use `_HeaderType` / `_HeaderTypeParam` with `str`
+    # `HTTPMessage` breaks the Liskov substitution principle by only intending for `str` headers
+    # This is easier than making `Message` generic
+    def __getitem__(self, name: str) -> str | None: ...
+    def __setitem__(self, name: str, val: str) -> None: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    def values(self) -> list[str]: ...
+    def items(self) -> list[tuple[str, str]]: ...
+    @overload
+    def get(self, name: str, failobj: None = None) -> str | None: ...
+    @overload
+    def get(self, name: str, failobj: _T) -> str | _T: ...
+    @overload
+    def get_all(self, name: str, failobj: None = None) -> list[str] | None: ...
+    @overload
+    def get_all(self, name: str, failobj: _T) -> list[str] | _T: ...
+    def replace_header(self, _name: str, _value: str) -> None: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    def set_raw(self, name: str, value: str) -> None: ...  # type: ignore[override]
+    def raw_items(self) -> Iterator[tuple[str, str]]: ...
 
 def parse_headers(fp: io.BufferedIOBase, _class: Callable[[], email.message.Message] = ...) -> HTTPMessage: ...
 
diff --git a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/os/__init__.pyi b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/os/__init__.pyi
index 7d4b8adcd00ae..e92dd7a095d6a 100644
--- a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/os/__init__.pyi
+++ b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/os/__init__.pyi
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ from . import path as _path
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
     from types import GenericAlias
 
+if sys.platform != "win32":
+    from resource import struct_rusage
+
 # This unnecessary alias is to work around various errors
 path = _path
 
@@ -962,8 +965,8 @@ else:
 
         def waitid(__idtype: int, __ident: int, __options: int) -> waitid_result | None: ...
 
-    def wait3(options: int) -> tuple[int, int, Any]: ...
-    def wait4(pid: int, options: int) -> tuple[int, int, Any]: ...
+    def wait3(options: int) -> tuple[int, int, struct_rusage]: ...
+    def wait4(pid: int, options: int) -> tuple[int, int, struct_rusage]: ...
     def WCOREDUMP(__status: int) -> bool: ...
     def WIFCONTINUED(status: int) -> bool: ...
     def WIFSTOPPED(status: int) -> bool: ...
diff --git a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/selectors.pyi b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/selectors.pyi
index 043df9253316b..a857d0e242ab5 100644
--- a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/selectors.pyi
+++ b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/selectors.pyi
@@ -31,49 +31,37 @@ class BaseSelector(metaclass=ABCMeta):
     def __enter__(self) -> Self: ...
     def __exit__(self, *args: Unused) -> None: ...
 
-class SelectSelector(BaseSelector):
+class _BaseSelectorImpl(BaseSelector, metaclass=ABCMeta):
     def register(self, fileobj: FileDescriptorLike, events: _EventMask, data: Any = None) -> SelectorKey: ...
     def unregister(self, fileobj: FileDescriptorLike) -> SelectorKey: ...
-    def select(self, timeout: float | None = None) -> list[tuple[SelectorKey, _EventMask]]: ...
+    def modify(self, fileobj: FileDescriptorLike, events: _EventMask, data: Any = None) -> SelectorKey: ...
     def get_map(self) -> Mapping[FileDescriptorLike, SelectorKey]: ...
 
+class SelectSelector(_BaseSelectorImpl):
+    def select(self, timeout: float | None = None) -> list[tuple[SelectorKey, _EventMask]]: ...
+
+class _PollLikeSelector(_BaseSelectorImpl):
+    def select(self, timeout: float | None = None) -> list[tuple[SelectorKey, _EventMask]]: ...
+
 if sys.platform != "win32":
-    class PollSelector(BaseSelector):
-        def register(self, fileobj: FileDescriptorLike, events: _EventMask, data: Any = None) -> SelectorKey: ...
-        def unregister(self, fileobj: FileDescriptorLike) -> SelectorKey: ...
-        def select(self, timeout: float | None = None) -> list[tuple[SelectorKey, _EventMask]]: ...
-        def get_map(self) -> Mapping[FileDescriptorLike, SelectorKey]: ...
+    class PollSelector(_PollLikeSelector): ...
 
 if sys.platform == "linux":
-    class EpollSelector(BaseSelector):
+    class EpollSelector(_PollLikeSelector):
         def fileno(self) -> int: ...
-        def register(self, fileobj: FileDescriptorLike, events: _EventMask, data: Any = None) -> SelectorKey: ...
-        def unregister(self, fileobj: FileDescriptorLike) -> SelectorKey: ...
-        def select(self, timeout: float | None = None) -> list[tuple[SelectorKey, _EventMask]]: ...
-        def get_map(self) -> Mapping[FileDescriptorLike, SelectorKey]: ...
 
-class DevpollSelector(BaseSelector):
+class DevpollSelector(_PollLikeSelector):
     def fileno(self) -> int: ...
-    def register(self, fileobj: FileDescriptorLike, events: _EventMask, data: Any = ...) -> SelectorKey: ...
-    def unregister(self, fileobj: FileDescriptorLike) -> SelectorKey: ...
-    def select(self, timeout: float | None = ...) -> list[tuple[SelectorKey, _EventMask]]: ...
-    def get_map(self) -> Mapping[FileDescriptorLike, SelectorKey]: ...
 
 if sys.platform != "win32":
-    class KqueueSelector(BaseSelector):
+    class KqueueSelector(_BaseSelectorImpl):
         def fileno(self) -> int: ...
-        def register(self, fileobj: FileDescriptorLike, events: _EventMask, data: Any = None) -> SelectorKey: ...
-        def unregister(self, fileobj: FileDescriptorLike) -> SelectorKey: ...
         def select(self, timeout: float | None = None) -> list[tuple[SelectorKey, _EventMask]]: ...
-        def get_map(self) -> Mapping[FileDescriptorLike, SelectorKey]: ...
 
 # Not a real class at runtime, it is just a conditional alias to other real selectors.
 # The runtime logic is more fine-grained than a `sys.platform` check;
 # not really expressible in the stubs
-class DefaultSelector(BaseSelector):
-    def register(self, fileobj: FileDescriptorLike, events: _EventMask, data: Any = None) -> SelectorKey: ...
-    def unregister(self, fileobj: FileDescriptorLike) -> SelectorKey: ...
+class DefaultSelector(_BaseSelectorImpl):
     def select(self, timeout: float | None = None) -> list[tuple[SelectorKey, _EventMask]]: ...
-    def get_map(self) -> Mapping[FileDescriptorLike, SelectorKey]: ...
     if sys.platform != "win32":
         def fileno(self) -> int: ...
diff --git a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/threading.pyi b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/threading.pyi
index badd09cae0518..bcd73823c63f7 100644
--- a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/threading.pyi
+++ b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/threading.pyi
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import _thread
 import sys
 from _typeshed import ProfileFunction, TraceFunction
 from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Mapping
@@ -68,12 +69,8 @@ def stack_size(size: int = ...) -> int: ...
 
 TIMEOUT_MAX: float
 
-class ThreadError(Exception): ...
-
-class local:
-    def __getattribute__(self, __name: str) -> Any: ...
-    def __setattr__(self, __name: str, __value: Any) -> None: ...
-    def __delattr__(self, __name: str) -> None: ...
+ThreadError = _thread.error
+local = _thread._local
 
 class Thread:
     name: str
diff --git a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/unittest/_log.pyi b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/unittest/_log.pyi
index 4de5d502e0049..011a970d8bbce 100644
--- a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/unittest/_log.pyi
+++ b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/unittest/_log.pyi
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import logging
 import sys
 from types import TracebackType
 from typing import ClassVar, Generic, NamedTuple, TypeVar
-from unittest.case import TestCase
+from unittest.case import TestCase, _BaseTestCaseContext
 
 _L = TypeVar("_L", None, _LoggingWatcher)
 
@@ -10,9 +10,8 @@ class _LoggingWatcher(NamedTuple):
     records: list[logging.LogRecord]
     output: list[str]
 
-class _AssertLogsContext(Generic[_L]):
+class _AssertLogsContext(_BaseTestCaseContext, Generic[_L]):
     LOGGING_FORMAT: ClassVar[str]
-    test_case: TestCase
     logger_name: str
     level: int
     msg: None
diff --git a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/unittest/case.pyi b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/unittest/case.pyi
index 7efe6cdc96624..d66f027324f13 100644
--- a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/unittest/case.pyi
+++ b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/unittest/case.pyi
@@ -25,8 +25,26 @@ _P = ParamSpec("_P")
 DIFF_OMITTED: str
 
 class _BaseTestCaseContext:
+    test_case: TestCase
     def __init__(self, test_case: TestCase) -> None: ...
 
+class _AssertRaisesBaseContext(_BaseTestCaseContext):
+    expected: type[BaseException] | tuple[type[BaseException], ...]
+    expected_regex: Pattern[str] | None
+    obj_name: str | None
+    msg: str | None
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        expected: type[BaseException] | tuple[type[BaseException], ...],
+        test_case: TestCase,
+        expected_regex: str | Pattern[str] | None = None,
+    ) -> None: ...
+
+    # This returns Self if args is the empty list, and None otherwise.
+    # but it's not possible to construct an overload which expresses that
+    def handle(self, name: str, args: list[Any], kwargs: dict[str, Any]) -> Any: ...
+
 if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
     from unittest._log import _AssertLogsContext, _LoggingWatcher
 else:
@@ -41,7 +59,6 @@ else:
 
     class _AssertLogsContext(_BaseTestCaseContext, Generic[_L]):
         LOGGING_FORMAT: ClassVar[str]
-        test_case: TestCase
         logger_name: str
         level: int
         msg: None
@@ -310,7 +327,7 @@ class FunctionTestCase(TestCase):
     def __hash__(self) -> int: ...
     def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool: ...
 
-class _AssertRaisesContext(Generic[_E]):
+class _AssertRaisesContext(_AssertRaisesBaseContext, Generic[_E]):
     exception: _E
     def __enter__(self) -> Self: ...
     def __exit__(
@@ -319,7 +336,7 @@ class _AssertRaisesContext(Generic[_E]):
     if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
         def __class_getitem__(cls, item: Any) -> GenericAlias: ...
 
-class _AssertWarnsContext:
+class _AssertWarnsContext(_AssertRaisesBaseContext):
     warning: WarningMessage
     filename: str
     lineno: int
diff --git a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/zipfile.pyi b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/zipfile/__init__.pyi
similarity index 98%
rename from mypy/typeshed/stdlib/zipfile.pyi
rename to mypy/typeshed/stdlib/zipfile/__init__.pyi
index 5483b84fe6f64..83982be3be08b 100644
--- a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/zipfile.pyi
+++ b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/zipfile/__init__.pyi
@@ -227,7 +227,10 @@ class ZipInfo:
     def is_dir(self) -> bool: ...
     def FileHeader(self, zip64: bool | None = None) -> bytes: ...
 
-if sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    from zipfile._path import CompleteDirs as CompleteDirs, Path as Path
+
+elif sys.version_info >= (3, 8):
     class CompleteDirs(ZipFile):
         def resolve_dir(self, name: str) -> str: ...
         @overload
diff --git a/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/zipfile/_path.pyi b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/zipfile/_path.pyi
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..3cf034aec8f40
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mypy/typeshed/stdlib/zipfile/_path.pyi
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+import sys
+from _typeshed import StrPath
+from collections.abc import Iterator, Sequence
+from io import TextIOWrapper
+from os import PathLike
+from typing import IO, overload
+from typing_extensions import Literal, Self, TypeAlias
+from zipfile import ZipFile
+
+_ReadWriteBinaryMode: TypeAlias = Literal["r", "w", "rb", "wb"]
+
+if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+    class InitializedState:
+        def __init__(self, *args: object, **kwargs: object) -> None: ...
+        def __getstate__(self) -> tuple[list[object], dict[object, object]]: ...
+        def __setstate__(self, state: Sequence[tuple[list[object], dict[object, object]]]) -> None: ...
+
+    class CompleteDirs(InitializedState, ZipFile):
+        def resolve_dir(self, name: str) -> str: ...
+        @overload
+        @classmethod
+        def make(cls, source: ZipFile) -> CompleteDirs: ...
+        @overload
+        @classmethod
+        def make(cls, source: StrPath | IO[bytes]) -> Self: ...
+
+    class Path:
+        root: CompleteDirs
+        def __init__(self, root: ZipFile | StrPath | IO[bytes], at: str = "") -> None: ...
+        @property
+        def name(self) -> str: ...
+        @property
+        def parent(self) -> PathLike[str]: ...  # undocumented
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+            @property
+            def filename(self) -> PathLike[str]: ...  # undocumented
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 11):
+            @property
+            def suffix(self) -> str: ...
+            @property
+            def suffixes(self) -> list[str]: ...
+            @property
+            def stem(self) -> str: ...
+
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 9):
+            @overload
+            def open(
+                self,
+                mode: Literal["r", "w"] = "r",
+                encoding: str | None = None,
+                errors: str | None = None,
+                newline: str | None = None,
+                line_buffering: bool = ...,
+                write_through: bool = ...,
+                *,
+                pwd: bytes | None = None,
+            ) -> TextIOWrapper: ...
+            @overload
+            def open(self, mode: Literal["rb", "wb"], *, pwd: bytes | None = None) -> IO[bytes]: ...
+        else:
+            def open(
+                self, mode: _ReadWriteBinaryMode = "r", pwd: bytes | None = None, *, force_zip64: bool = False
+            ) -> IO[bytes]: ...
+
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+            def iterdir(self) -> Iterator[Self]: ...
+        else:
+            def iterdir(self) -> Iterator[Path]: ...
+
+        def is_dir(self) -> bool: ...
+        def is_file(self) -> bool: ...
+        def exists(self) -> bool: ...
+        def read_text(
+            self,
+            encoding: str | None = ...,
+            errors: str | None = ...,
+            newline: str | None = ...,
+            line_buffering: bool = ...,
+            write_through: bool = ...,
+        ) -> str: ...
+        def read_bytes(self) -> bytes: ...
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 10):
+            def joinpath(self, *other: StrPath) -> Path: ...
+        else:
+            def joinpath(self, add: StrPath) -> Path: ...  # undocumented
+        if sys.version_info >= (3, 12):
+            def glob(self, pattern: str) -> Iterator[Self]: ...
+            def rglob(self, pattern: str) -> Iterator[Self]: ...
+            def is_symlink(self) -> Literal[False]: ...
+            def relative_to(self, other: Path, *extra: StrPath) -> str: ...
+            def match(self, path_pattern: str) -> bool: ...
+            def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool: ...
+            def __hash__(self) -> int: ...
+
+        def __truediv__(self, add: StrPath) -> Path: ...