diff --git a/torchtitan/config/job_config.py b/torchtitan/config/job_config.py
index 2f87ab064..304f84bda 100644
--- a/torchtitan/config/job_config.py
+++ b/torchtitan/config/job_config.py
@@ -239,6 +239,9 @@ class Training:
     deterministic: bool = False
     """Use deterministic algorithms wherever possible, may be slower"""
 
+    debug_moe_force_load_balance: bool = False
+    """If True, we force each experts to get the same amount of tokens via round-robin. This option is for debugging usage only."""
+
 
 @dataclass
 class Parallelism:
diff --git a/torchtitan/experiments/llama4/model/args.py b/torchtitan/experiments/llama4/model/args.py
index 9d17de816..e34d4d3cc 100644
--- a/torchtitan/experiments/llama4/model/args.py
+++ b/torchtitan/experiments/llama4/model/args.py
@@ -72,6 +72,10 @@ def update_from_config(self, job_config: JobConfig, **kwargs) -> None:
                 "CP support for FlexAttention is still in progress."
             )
 
+        self.moe_args._debug_force_load_balance = (
+            job_config.training.debug_moe_force_load_balance
+        )
+
     def get_nparams_and_flops(
         self, model: nn.Module, seq_len: int
     ) -> tuple[int, float]:
diff --git a/torchtitan/experiments/qwen3/model/args.py b/torchtitan/experiments/qwen3/model/args.py
index 7828291f0..5fd98fdce 100644
--- a/torchtitan/experiments/qwen3/model/args.py
+++ b/torchtitan/experiments/qwen3/model/args.py
@@ -55,6 +55,10 @@ def update_from_config(self, job_config: JobConfig, **kwargs) -> None:
             )
         self.max_seq_len = seq_len
 
+        self.moe_args._debug_force_load_balance = (
+            job_config.training.debug_moe_force_load_balance
+        )
+
     def get_nparams_and_flops(
         self, model: nn.Module, seq_len: int
     ) -> tuple[int, float]:
diff --git a/torchtitan/models/deepseek_v3/model/args.py b/torchtitan/models/deepseek_v3/model/args.py
index 238880247..3bac6e82f 100644
--- a/torchtitan/models/deepseek_v3/model/args.py
+++ b/torchtitan/models/deepseek_v3/model/args.py
@@ -106,6 +106,10 @@ def update_from_config(self, job_config: JobConfig, **kwargs) -> None:
                 "CP support for FlexAttention is still in progress."
             )
 
+        self.moe_args._debug_force_load_balance = (
+            job_config.training.debug_moe_force_load_balance
+        )
+
     def get_nparams_and_flops(
         self, model: nn.Module, seq_len: int
     ) -> tuple[int, float]:
diff --git a/torchtitan/models/moe.py b/torchtitan/models/moe.py
index 9f519dc04..ab3f4226e 100644
--- a/torchtitan/models/moe.py
+++ b/torchtitan/models/moe.py
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ class MoEArgs:
     use_grouped_mm: bool = True  # grouped mm or for-loop for the experts computation
     load_balance_coeff: float | None = 1e-3
 
+    _debug_force_load_balance: bool = False
+    # if True, we force each experts get same amount of token via round-robin
+
 
 # can be used as dense FFN layer or shared experts in MoE layers
 class FeedForward(nn.Module):
@@ -180,6 +183,7 @@ def __init__(
         score_func: Literal["softmax", "sigmoid"],
         route_norm: bool,
         route_scale: float,
+        _debug_force_load_balance: bool = False,
     ):
         super().__init__()
         self.gate = nn.Linear(dim, num_experts, bias=False)
@@ -188,6 +192,24 @@ def __init__(
         self.score_func = score_func
         self.route_norm = route_norm
         self.route_scale = route_scale
+        self._debug_force_load_balance = _debug_force_load_balance
+
+    def _debug_force_load_balance_routing(
+        self, scores: torch.Tensor
+    ) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
+        """Balanced round-robin expert assignment.
+        Returns (selected_experts_indices [N, K] LongTensor, top_scores [N, K] FloatTensor).
+        """
+        n_tokens = scores.size(0)
+        # Round-robin indices with exact balance
+        selected_experts_indices = (
+            torch.arange(
+                n_tokens * self.top_k, device=scores.device, dtype=torch.int64
+            ).reshape(n_tokens, self.top_k)
+            % self.num_experts
+        )
+        top_scores = scores.gather(dim=1, index=selected_experts_indices)  # [N,K]
+        return selected_experts_indices, top_scores
 
     def forward(
         self, x: torch.Tensor, expert_bias: torch.Tensor | None = None
@@ -231,6 +253,13 @@ def forward(
                 scores, k=self.top_k, dim=1
             )
 
+        # debug override: balanced round-robin routing
+        if self._debug_force_load_balance:
+            (
+                selected_experts_indices,
+                top_scores,
+            ) = self._debug_force_load_balance_routing(scores)
+
         if self.route_norm:
             denominator = top_scores.sum(dim=-1, keepdim=True) + 1e-20
             top_scores = top_scores / denominator
@@ -329,6 +358,7 @@ def __init__(self, moe_args: MoEArgs, dim: int, hidden_dim: int):
             score_func=moe_args.score_func,
             route_norm=moe_args.route_norm,
             route_scale=moe_args.route_scale,
+            _debug_force_load_balance=moe_args._debug_force_load_balance,
         )
         self.reorderer = TokenReorderer(num_experts=num_experts, top_k=moe_args.top_k)
         self.shared_experts = (