Yes, imagine that you load a Spatialite table to QGIS (via setting a connection and selecting a table) and then you run the "Convert format" tool (could be any OGR algorithm) using such layer as parameter. This will call ogrLayerName with the aforementioned URI at https://github.com/qgis/QGIS/blob/master_2/python/plugins/processing/algs/gdal/ogr2ogr.py#L141

I'm working on a related issue here. I'll take your commit as a basis but resort to the old if clauses right before returning "invalid-uri". This is how it looks now. I'll push the commit in some hours.