HTML5 introduces the ability to write
<meta charset="utf-8"/>
in place of
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
The serialization spec (for HTML and XHTML output methods) ignores this.
(a) it requires the serializer to add a meta element in the second form rather than the first.
(b) when removing existing meta elements, it requires the second form to be deleted, but not the first. This may result in invalid (X)HTML in which both elements are present.