From 34ec55c691437b872f4f8471e8dbdc3d3b0c621f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DavisVaughan Date: Mon, 1 Mar 2021 13:14:00 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 1/3] Swap to tzdb data --- DESCRIPTION | 2 ++ R/zzz.R | 2 +- tools/update | 9 ++------ tools/update-database.R | 50 ----------------------------------------- 4 files changed, 5 insertions(+), 58 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 tools/update-database.R diff --git a/DESCRIPTION b/DESCRIPTION index b7fda989..dc5fa1ea 100644 --- a/DESCRIPTION +++ b/DESCRIPTION @@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ Depends: Imports: ellipsis, rlang, + tzdb, vctrs (>= 0.3.6.9000) Suggests: covr, @@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ LinkingTo: VignetteBuilder: knitr Remotes: + DavisVaughan/tzdb, r-lib/vctrs Config/testthat/edition: 3 Encoding: UTF-8 diff --git a/R/zzz.R b/R/zzz.R index a810597f..6170d1a2 100644 --- a/R/zzz.R +++ b/R/zzz.R @@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ .onLoad <- function(libname, pkgname) { clock_init_utils() - tzdata <- system.file("tzdata", package = "clock", mustWork = TRUE) + tzdata <- tzdb::tzdb_path(type = "text") clock_set_install(tzdata) vctrs::s3_register("pillar::pillar_shaft", "clock_calendar", pillar_shaft.clock_calendar) diff --git a/tools/update b/tools/update index 6b724c8d..c0314bdb 100644 --- a/tools/update +++ b/tools/update @@ -1,12 +1,7 @@ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Updating `clock` dependencies -1. Update the version in `update-database.R`. +1. Run `update-date-library.R` to update the headers and `tz.cpp` in `src/`. -2. Run `update-database.R` to update `inst/tzdata/` and - `inst/tzdata/windowsZones.xml`. - -3. Run `update-date-library.R` to update the headers and `tz.cpp` in `src/`. - -4. Go back through `tz.cpp` and comment out all uses to `std::cerr()`, which +2. Go back through `tz.cpp` and comment out all uses to `std::cerr()`, which R CMD Check doesn't like. And ensure that any custom additions are kept. diff --git a/tools/update-database.R b/tools/update-database.R deleted file mode 100644 index e7c14343..00000000 --- a/tools/update-database.R +++ /dev/null @@ -1,50 +0,0 @@ -library(here) -library(fs) - -# Notes about this updater: -# -# Don't forget to update the version below. -# -# This updater will download all the required information and will place it -# in the right place. The next few paragraphs describe what it downloads in -# case you have to do it manually for some reason. -# -# The time zone database is downloaded from: https://www.iana.org/time-zones. -# If you are going to do it manually for some reason, choose the latest -# version, and grab the one with JUST the data, in the format like -# `tzdata2019c.tar.gz`. Uncompress it, and then take the contents of the -# folder and move them into `inst/tzdata/`. -# -# On Windows, we also need a `windowsZone.xml` mapping file. -# It can be found here if you need to download it manually: -# https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicode-org/cldr/master/common/supplemental/windowsZones.xml. -# Download this file and place it in `inst/tzdata` as `windowsZones.xml`. - -# Update the version! -version <- "2021a" - -# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -# Download the time zone database - -file <- paste0("tzdata", version, ".tar.gz") - -path_base <- "https://data.iana.org/time-zones/releases/" -path_version <- path(path_base, file) - -dir_temp <- tempdir() -path_temp <- tempfile(fileext = ".tar.gz", tmpdir = dir_temp) - -download.file(path_version, path_temp) - -untar(path_temp, exdir = here("inst", "tzdata")) - -unlink(path_temp) -unlink(dir_temp, recursive = TRUE, force = TRUE) - -# ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -# Download the Windows mapping file - -windows_mapping_url <- "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicode-org/cldr/master/common/supplemental/windowsZones.xml" -path_dest_windows_mapping <- here("inst/tzdata/windowsZones.xml") - -download.file(windows_mapping_url, path_dest_windows_mapping) From 1be016cccbf5f4ebacd7be5986671b47458a55ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DavisVaughan Date: Mon, 1 Mar 2021 13:14:17 -0500 Subject: [PATCH 2/3] Remove current `tzdata/` --- inst/tzdata/CONTRIBUTING | 92 - inst/tzdata/LICENSE | 5 - inst/tzdata/Makefile | 1130 ------- inst/tzdata/NEWS | 5190 --------------------------------- inst/tzdata/README | 52 - inst/tzdata/africa | 1651 ----------- inst/tzdata/antarctica | 358 --- inst/tzdata/asia | 3938 ------------------------- inst/tzdata/australasia | 2188 -------------- inst/tzdata/backward | 133 - inst/tzdata/backzone | 777 ----- inst/tzdata/calendars | 173 -- inst/tzdata/checklinks.awk | 48 - inst/tzdata/checktab.awk | 193 -- inst/tzdata/etcetera | 78 - inst/tzdata/europe | 4196 -------------------------- inst/tzdata/factory | 12 - inst/tzdata/iso3166.tab | 274 -- inst/tzdata/leap-seconds.list | 255 -- inst/tzdata/leapseconds | 82 - inst/tzdata/leapseconds.awk | 240 -- inst/tzdata/northamerica | 3790 ------------------------ inst/tzdata/southamerica | 1965 ------------- inst/tzdata/theory.html | 1457 --------- inst/tzdata/version | 1 - inst/tzdata/windowsZones.xml | 795 ----- inst/tzdata/ziguard.awk | 132 - inst/tzdata/zishrink.awk | 318 -- inst/tzdata/zone.tab | 451 --- inst/tzdata/zone1970.tab | 383 --- inst/tzdata/zoneinfo2tdf.pl | 53 - 31 files changed, 30410 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/CONTRIBUTING delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/LICENSE delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/Makefile delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/NEWS delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/README delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/africa delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/antarctica delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/asia delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/australasia delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/backward delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/backzone delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/calendars delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/checklinks.awk delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/checktab.awk delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/etcetera delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/europe delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/factory delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/iso3166.tab delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/leap-seconds.list delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/leapseconds delete mode 100755 inst/tzdata/leapseconds.awk delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/northamerica delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/southamerica delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/theory.html delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/version delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/windowsZones.xml delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/ziguard.awk delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/zishrink.awk delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/zone.tab delete mode 100644 inst/tzdata/zone1970.tab delete mode 100755 inst/tzdata/zoneinfo2tdf.pl diff --git a/inst/tzdata/CONTRIBUTING b/inst/tzdata/CONTRIBUTING deleted file mode 100644 index 01336fce..00000000 --- a/inst/tzdata/CONTRIBUTING +++ /dev/null @@ -1,92 +0,0 @@ -Contributing to the tz code and data - -The time zone database is by no means authoritative: governments -change timekeeping rules erratically and sometimes with little -warning, the data entries do not cover all of civil time before -1970, and undoubtedly errors remain in the code and data. Feel -free to fill gaps or fix mistakes, and please email improvements -to tz@iana.org for use in the future. In your email, please give -reliable sources that reviewers can check. - ------ - -Developers can contribute technical changes to the source code and -data as follows. - -To email small changes, please run a POSIX shell command like -'diff -u old/europe new/europe >myfix.patch', and attach -myfix.patch to the email. - -For more-elaborate or possibly-controversial changes, -such as renaming, adding or removing zones, please read - or the file -theory.html. It is also good to browse the mailing list archives - for examples of patches that tend -to work well. Additions to data should contain commentary citing -reliable sources as justification. Citations should use https: URLs -if available. - -Please submit changes against either the latest release in - or the master branch of the development -repository. The latter is preferred. If you use Git the following -workflow may be helpful: - - * Copy the development repository. - - git clone https://github.com/eggert/tz.git - cd tz - - * Get current with the master branch. - - git checkout master - git pull - - * Switch to a new branch for the changes. Choose a different - branch name for each change set. - - git checkout -b mybranch - - * Sleuth by using 'git blame'. For example, when fixing data for - Africa/Sao_Tome, if the command 'git blame africa' outputs a line - '2951fa3b (Paul Eggert 2018-01-08 09:03:13 -0800 1068) Zone - Africa/Sao_Tome 0:26:56 - LMT 1884', commit 2951fa3b should - provide some justification for the 'Zone Africa/Sao_Tome' line. - - * Edit source files. Include commentary that justifies the - changes by citing reliable sources. - - * Debug the changes, e.g.: - - make check - make install - ./zdump -v America/Los_Angeles - - * For each separable change, commit it in the new branch, e.g.: - - git add northamerica - git commit - - See recent 'git log' output for the commit-message style. - - * Create patch files 0001-*, 0002-*, ... - - git format-patch master - - * After reviewing the patch files, send the patches to tz@iana.org - for others to review. - - git send-email master - - For an archived example of such an email, see - . - - * Start anew by getting current with the master branch again - (the second step above). - -Please do not create issues or pull requests on GitHub, as the -proper procedure for proposing and distributing patches is via -email as illustrated above. - ------ - -This file is in the public domain. diff --git a/inst/tzdata/LICENSE b/inst/tzdata/LICENSE deleted file mode 100644 index 8ba4399c..00000000 --- a/inst/tzdata/LICENSE +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5 +0,0 @@ -Unless specified below, all files in the tz code and data (including -this LICENSE file) are in the public domain. - -If the files date.c, newstrftime.3, and strftime.c are present, they -contain material derived from BSD and use the BSD 3-clause license. diff --git a/inst/tzdata/Makefile b/inst/tzdata/Makefile deleted file mode 100644 index 1136af92..00000000 --- a/inst/tzdata/Makefile +++ /dev/null @@ -1,1130 +0,0 @@ -# Make and install tzdb code and data. - -# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of -# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. - -# Package name for the code distribution. -PACKAGE= tzcode - -# Version number for the distribution, overridden in the 'tarballs' rule below. -VERSION= unknown - -# Email address for bug reports. -BUGEMAIL= tz@iana.org - -# DATAFORM selects the data format. -# Available formats represent essentially the same data, albeit -# possibly with minor discrepancies that users are not likely to notice. -# To get new features and the best data right away, use: -# DATAFORM= vanguard -# To wait a while before using new features, to give downstream users -# time to upgrade zic (the default), use: -# DATAFORM= main -# To wait even longer for new features, use: -# DATAFORM= rearguard -# Rearguard users might also want "ZFLAGS = -b fat"; see below. -DATAFORM= main - -# Change the line below for your timezone (after finding the one you want in -# one of the $(TDATA) source files, or adding it to a source file). -# Alternatively, if you discover you've got the wrong timezone, you can just -# 'zic -l -' to remove it, or 'zic -l rightzone' to change it. -# Use the command -# make zonenames -# to get a list of the values you can use for LOCALTIME. - -LOCALTIME= GMT - -# The POSIXRULES macro controls interpretation of nonstandard and obsolete -# POSIX-like TZ settings like TZ='EET-2EEST' that lack DST transition rules. -# Such a setting uses the rules in a template file to determine -# "spring forward" and "fall back" days and times; the environment -# variable itself specifies UT offsets of standard and daylight saving time. -# -# If POSIXRULES is '-', no template is installed; this is the default. -# -# Any other value for POSIXRULES is obsolete and should not be relied on, as: -# * It does not work correctly in popular implementations such as GNU/Linux. -# * It does not work in the tzdb implementation for timestamps after 2037. -# * It is incompatible with 'zic -b slim' if POSIXRULES specifies transitions -# at standard time or UT rather than at local time. -# In short, software should avoid ruleless settings like TZ='EET-2EEST' -# and so should not depend on the value of POSIXRULES. -# -# If, despite the above, you want a template for handling these settings, -# you can change the line below (after finding the timezone you want in the -# one of the $(TDATA) source files, or adding it to a source file). -# Alternatively, if you discover you've got the wrong timezone, you can just -# 'zic -p -' to remove it, or 'zic -p rightzone' to change it. -# Use the command -# make zonenames -# to get a list of the values you can use for POSIXRULES. - -POSIXRULES= - - -# Also see TZDEFRULESTRING below, which takes effect only -# if the time zone files cannot be accessed. - - -# Installation locations. -# -# The defaults are suitable for Debian, except that if REDO is -# posix_right or right_posix then files that Debian puts under -# /usr/share/zoneinfo/posix and /usr/share/zoneinfo/right are instead -# put under /usr/share/zoneinfo-posix and /usr/share/zoneinfo-leaps, -# respectively. Problems with the Debian approach are discussed in -# the commentary for the right_posix rule (below). - -# Destination directory, which can be used for staging. -# 'make DESTDIR=/stage install' installs under /stage (e.g., to -# /stage/etc/localtime instead of to /etc/localtime). Files under -# /stage are not intended to work as-is, but can be copied by hand to -# the root directory later. If DESTDIR is empty, 'make install' does -# not stage, but installs directly into production locations. -DESTDIR = - -# Everything is installed into subdirectories of TOPDIR, and used there. -# TOPDIR should be empty (meaning the root directory), -# or a directory name that does not end in "/". -# TOPDIR should be empty or an absolute name unless you're just testing. -TOPDIR = - -# The default local timezone is taken from the file TZDEFAULT. -TZDEFAULT = $(TOPDIR)/etc/localtime - -# The subdirectory containing installed program and data files, and -# likewise for installed files that can be shared among architectures. -# These should be relative file names. -USRDIR = usr -USRSHAREDIR = $(USRDIR)/share - -# "Compiled" timezone information is placed in the "TZDIR" directory -# (and subdirectories). -# TZDIR_BASENAME should not contain "/" and should not be ".", ".." or empty. -TZDIR_BASENAME= zoneinfo -TZDIR = $(TOPDIR)/$(USRSHAREDIR)/$(TZDIR_BASENAME) - -# The "tzselect" and (if you do "make INSTALL") "date" commands go in: -BINDIR = $(TOPDIR)/$(USRDIR)/bin - -# The "zdump" command goes in: -ZDUMPDIR = $(BINDIR) - -# The "zic" command goes in: -ZICDIR = $(TOPDIR)/$(USRDIR)/sbin - -# Manual pages go in subdirectories of. . . -MANDIR = $(TOPDIR)/$(USRSHAREDIR)/man - -# Library functions are put in an archive in LIBDIR. -LIBDIR = $(TOPDIR)/$(USRDIR)/lib - - -# Types to try, as an alternative to time_t. -TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES = $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_HEAD) $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_TAIL) -TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_HEAD = int64_t -TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_TAIL = int32_t uint32_t uint64_t - -# What kind of TZif data files to generate. (TZif is the binary time -# zone data format that zic generates; see Internet RFC 8536.) -# If you want only POSIX time, with time values interpreted as -# seconds since the epoch (not counting leap seconds), use -# REDO= posix_only -# below. If you want only "right" time, with values interpreted -# as seconds since the epoch (counting leap seconds), use -# REDO= right_only -# below. If you want both sets of data available, with leap seconds not -# counted normally, use -# REDO= posix_right -# below. If you want both sets of data available, with leap seconds counted -# normally, use -# REDO= right_posix -# below. POSIX mandates that leap seconds not be counted; for compatibility -# with it, use "posix_only" or "posix_right". Use POSIX time on systems with -# leap smearing; this can work better than unsmeared "right" time with -# applications that are not leap second aware, and is closer to unsmeared -# "right" time than unsmeared POSIX time is (e.g., 0.5 vs 1.0 s max error). - -REDO= posix_right - -# Whether to put an "Expires" line in the leapseconds file. -# Use EXPIRES_LINE=1 to put the line in, 0 to omit it. -# The EXPIRES_LINE value matters only if REDO's value contains "right". -# If you change EXPIRES_LINE, remove the leapseconds file before running "make". -# zic's support for the Expires line was introduced in tzdb 2020a, -# and EXPIRES_LINE defaults to 0 for now so that the leapseconds file -# can be given to older zic implementations. -EXPIRES_LINE= 0 - -# To install data in text form that has all the information of the TZif data, -# (optionally incorporating leap second information), use -# TZDATA_TEXT= tzdata.zi leapseconds -# To install text data without leap second information (e.g., because -# REDO='posix_only'), use -# TZDATA_TEXT= tzdata.zi -# To avoid installing text data, use -# TZDATA_TEXT= - -TZDATA_TEXT= leapseconds tzdata.zi - -# For backward-compatibility links for old zone names, use -# BACKWARD= backward -# To omit these links, use -# BACKWARD= - -BACKWARD= backward - -# If you want out-of-scope and often-wrong data from the file 'backzone', use -# PACKRATDATA= backzone -# To omit this data, use -# PACKRATDATA= - -PACKRATDATA= - -# The name of a locale using the UTF-8 encoding, used during self-tests. -# The tests are skipped if the name does not appear to work on this system. - -UTF8_LOCALE= en_US.utf8 - -# Non-default libraries needed to link. -LDLIBS= - -# Add the following to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line as needed to override -# defaults specified in the source code. "-DFOO" is equivalent to "-DFOO=1". -# -DDEPRECATE_TWO_DIGIT_YEARS for optional runtime warnings about strftime -# formats that generate only the last two digits of year numbers -# -DEPOCH_LOCAL if the 'time' function returns local time not UT -# -DEPOCH_OFFSET=N if the 'time' function returns a value N greater -# than what POSIX specifies, assuming local time is UT. -# For example, N is 252460800 on AmigaOS. -# -DHAVE_DECL_ASCTIME_R=0 if does not declare asctime_r -# -DHAVE_DECL_ENVIRON if declares 'environ' -# -DHAVE_DIRECT_H if mkdir needs (MS-Windows) -# -DHAVE_GENERIC=0 if _Generic does not work -# -DHAVE_GETTEXT if 'gettext' works (e.g., GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, Solaris) -# -DHAVE_INCOMPATIBLE_CTIME_R if your system's time.h declares -# ctime_r and asctime_r incompatibly with the POSIX standard -# (Solaris when _POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS is not defined). -# -DHAVE_INTTYPES_H if you have a non-C99 compiler with -# -DHAVE_LINK=0 if your system lacks a link function -# -DHAVE_LOCALTIME_R=0 if your system lacks a localtime_r function -# -DHAVE_LOCALTIME_RZ=0 if you do not want zdump to use localtime_rz -# localtime_rz can make zdump significantly faster, but is nonstandard. -# -DHAVE_POSIX_DECLS=0 if your system's include files do not declare -# functions like 'link' or variables like 'tzname' required by POSIX -# -DHAVE_SNPRINTF=0 if your system lacks the snprintf function -# -DHAVE_STDBOOL_H if you have a non-C99 compiler with -# -DHAVE_STDINT_H if you have a non-C99 compiler with -# -DHAVE_STRFTIME_L if declares locale_t and strftime_l -# -DHAVE_STRDUP=0 if your system lacks the strdup function -# -DHAVE_STRTOLL=0 if your system lacks the strtoll function -# -DHAVE_SYMLINK=0 if your system lacks the symlink function -# -DHAVE_SYS_STAT_H=0 if your compiler lacks a -# -DHAVE_SYS_WAIT_H=0 if your compiler lacks a -# -DHAVE_TZSET=0 if your system lacks a tzset function -# -DHAVE_UNISTD_H=0 if your compiler lacks a -# -Dlocale_t=XXX if your system uses XXX instead of locale_t -# -DRESERVE_STD_EXT_IDS if your platform reserves standard identifiers -# with external linkage, e.g., applications cannot define 'localtime'. -# -Dssize_t=long on hosts like MS-Windows that lack ssize_t -# -DSUPPRESS_TZDIR to not prepend TZDIR to file names; this has -# security implications and is not recommended for general use -# -DTHREAD_SAFE to make localtime.c thread-safe, as POSIX requires; -# not needed by the main-program tz code, which is single-threaded. -# Append other compiler flags as needed, e.g., -pthread on GNU/Linux. -# -Dtime_tz=\"T\" to use T as the time_t type, rather than the system time_t -# This is intended for internal use only; it mangles external names. -# -DTZ_DOMAIN=\"foo\" to use "foo" for gettext domain name; default is "tz" -# -DTZ_DOMAINDIR=\"/path\" to use "/path" for gettext directory; -# the default is system-supplied, typically "/usr/lib/locale" -# -DTZDEFRULESTRING=\",date/time,date/time\" to default to the specified -# DST transitions if the time zone files cannot be accessed -# -DUNINIT_TRAP if reading uninitialized storage can cause problems -# other than simply getting garbage data -# -DUSE_LTZ=0 to build zdump with the system time zone library -# Also set TZDOBJS=zdump.o and CHECK_TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES= below. -# -DZIC_BLOAT_DEFAULT=\"fat\" to default zic's -b option to "fat", and -# similarly for "slim". Fat TZif files work around incompatibilities -# and bugs in some TZif readers, notably readers that mishandle 64-bit -# data in TZif files. Slim TZif files are more efficient and do not -# work around these incompatibilities and bugs. If not given, the -# default is "slim". -# -DZIC_MAX_ABBR_LEN_WO_WARN=3 -# (or some other number) to set the maximum time zone abbreviation length -# that zic will accept without a warning (the default is 6) -# $(GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS) if you are using recent GCC and want lots of checking -# Select instrumentation via "make GCC_INSTRUMENT='whatever'". -GCC_INSTRUMENT = \ - -fsanitize=undefined -fsanitize-address-use-after-scope \ - -fsanitize-undefined-trap-on-error -fstack-protector -GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS = -DGCC_LINT -g3 -O3 -fno-common \ - $(GCC_INSTRUMENT) \ - -Wall -Wextra \ - -Walloc-size-larger-than=100000 -Warray-bounds=2 \ - -Wbad-function-cast -Wcast-align=strict -Wdate-time \ - -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wdouble-promotion \ - -Wformat=2 -Wformat-overflow=2 -Wformat-signedness -Wformat-truncation \ - -Winit-self -Wjump-misses-init -Wlogical-op \ - -Wmissing-declarations -Wmissing-prototypes -Wnested-externs \ - -Wold-style-definition -Woverlength-strings -Wpointer-arith \ - -Wshadow -Wshift-overflow=2 -Wstrict-prototypes -Wstringop-overflow=4 \ - -Wstringop-truncation -Wsuggest-attribute=cold \ - -Wsuggest-attribute=const -Wsuggest-attribute=format \ - -Wsuggest-attribute=malloc \ - -Wsuggest-attribute=noreturn -Wsuggest-attribute=pure \ - -Wtrampolines -Wundef -Wuninitialized -Wunused \ - -Wvariadic-macros -Wvla -Wwrite-strings \ - -Wno-address -Wno-format-nonliteral -Wno-sign-compare \ - -Wno-type-limits -Wno-unused-parameter -# -# If your system has a "GMT offset" field in its "struct tm"s -# (or if you decide to add such a field in your system's "time.h" file), -# add the name to a define such as -# -DTM_GMTOFF=tm_gmtoff -# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. If not defined, the code attempts to -# guess TM_GMTOFF from other macros; define NO_TM_GMTOFF to suppress this. -# Similarly, if your system has a "zone abbreviation" field, define -# -DTM_ZONE=tm_zone -# and define NO_TM_ZONE to suppress any guessing. These two fields are not -# required by POSIX, but are widely available on GNU/Linux and BSD systems. -# -# The next batch of options control support for external variables -# exported by tzcode. In practice these variables are less useful -# than TM_GMTOFF and TM_ZONE. However, most of them are standardized. -# # -# # To omit or support the external variable "tzname", add one of: -# # -DHAVE_TZNAME=0 # do not support "tzname" -# # -DHAVE_TZNAME=1 # support "tzname", which is defined by system library -# # -DHAVE_TZNAME=2 # support and define "tzname" -# # to the "CFLAGS=" line. "tzname" is required by POSIX 1988 and later. -# # If not defined, the code attempts to guess HAVE_TZNAME from other macros. -# # Warning: unless time_tz is also defined, HAVE_TZNAME=1 can cause -# # crashes when combined with some platforms' standard libraries, -# # presumably due to memory allocation issues. -# # -# # To omit or support the external variables "timezone" and "daylight", add -# # -DUSG_COMPAT=0 # do not support -# # -DUSG_COMPAT=1 # support, and variables are defined by system library -# # -DUSG_COMPAT=2 # support and define variables -# # to the "CFLAGS=" line; "timezone" and "daylight" are inspired by -# # Unix Systems Group code and are required by POSIX 2008 (with XSI) and later. -# # If not defined, the code attempts to guess USG_COMPAT from other macros. -# # -# # To support the external variable "altzone", add -# # -DALTZONE=0 # do not support -# # -DALTZONE=1 # support "altzone", which is defined by system library -# # -DALTZONE=2 # support and define "altzone" -# # to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line; although "altzone" appeared in -# # System V Release 3.1 it has not been standardized. -# # If not defined, the code attempts to guess ALTZONE from other macros. -# -# If you want functions that were inspired by early versions of X3J11's work, -# add -# -DSTD_INSPIRED -# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. This arranges for the functions -# "offtime", "timelocal", "timegm", "timeoff", -# "posix2time", and "time2posix" to be added to the time conversion library. -# "offtime" is like "gmtime" except that it accepts a second (long) argument -# that gives an offset to add to the time_t when converting it. -# "timelocal" is equivalent to "mktime". -# "timegm" is like "timelocal" except that it turns a struct tm into -# a time_t using UT (rather than local time as "timelocal" does). -# "timeoff" is like "timegm" except that it accepts a second (long) argument -# that gives an offset to use when converting to a time_t. -# "posix2time" and "time2posix" are described in an included manual page. -# X3J11's work does not describe any of these functions. -# These functions may well disappear in future releases of the time -# conversion package. -# -# If you don't want functions that were inspired by NetBSD, add -# -DNETBSD_INSPIRED=0 -# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. Otherwise, the functions -# "localtime_rz", "mktime_z", "tzalloc", and "tzfree" are added to the -# time library, and if STD_INSPIRED is also defined the functions -# "posix2time_z" and "time2posix_z" are added as well. -# The functions ending in "_z" (or "_rz") are like their unsuffixed -# (or suffixed-by-"_r") counterparts, except with an extra first -# argument of opaque type timezone_t that specifies the timezone. -# "tzalloc" allocates a timezone_t value, and "tzfree" frees it. -# -# If you want to allocate state structures in localtime, add -# -DALL_STATE -# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. Storage is obtained by calling malloc. -# -# NIST-PCTS:151-2, Version 1.4, (1993-12-03) is a test suite put -# out by the National Institute of Standards and Technology -# which claims to test C and Posix conformance. If you want to pass PCTS, add -# -DPCTS -# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. -# -# If you want strict compliance with XPG4 as of 1994-04-09, add -# -DXPG4_1994_04_09 -# to the end of the "CFLAGS=" line. This causes "strftime" to always return -# 53 as a week number (rather than 52 or 53) for January days before -# January's first Monday when a "%V" format is used and January 1 -# falls on a Friday, Saturday, or Sunday. - -CFLAGS= - -# Linker flags. Default to $(LFLAGS) for backwards compatibility -# to release 2012h and earlier. - -LDFLAGS= $(LFLAGS) - -# For leap seconds, this Makefile uses LEAPSECONDS='-L leapseconds' in -# submake command lines. The default is no leap seconds. - -LEAPSECONDS= - -# The zic command and its arguments. - -zic= ./zic -ZIC= $(zic) $(ZFLAGS) - -# To shrink the size of installed TZif files, -# append "-r @N" to omit data before N-seconds-after-the-Epoch. -# To grow the files and work around older application bugs, append "-b fat"; -# see ZIC_BLOAT_DEFAULT above. -# See the zic man page for more about -b and -r. -ZFLAGS= - -# How to use zic to install TZif files. - -ZIC_INSTALL= $(ZIC) -d '$(DESTDIR)$(TZDIR)' $(LEAPSECONDS) - -# The name of a Posix-compliant 'awk' on your system. -# Older 'mawk' versions, such as the 'mawk' in Ubuntu 16.04, might dump core; -# on Ubuntu you can work around this with -# AWK= gawk -AWK= awk - -# The full path name of a Posix-compliant shell, preferably one that supports -# the Korn shell's 'select' statement as an extension. -# These days, Bash is the most popular. -# It should be OK to set this to /bin/sh, on platforms where /bin/sh -# lacks 'select' or doesn't completely conform to Posix, but /bin/bash -# is typically nicer if it works. -KSHELL= /bin/bash - -# Name of curl , used for HTML validation. -CURL= curl - -# Name of GNU Privacy Guard , used to sign distributions. -GPG= gpg - -# This expensive test requires USE_LTZ. -# To suppress it, define this macro to be empty. -CHECK_TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES = check_time_t_alternatives - -# SAFE_CHAR is a regular expression that matches a safe character. -# Some parts of this distribution are limited to safe characters; 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exit 1; } - mv $@.out $@ - -# Check that zishrink.awk does not alter the data, and that ziguard.awk -# preserves main-format data. -check_zishrink: check_zishrink_posix check_zishrink_right -check_zishrink_posix check_zishrink_right: \ - zic leapseconds $(PACKRATDATA) $(TDATA) $(DATAFORM).zi tzdata.zi - rm -fr $@.dir $@-t.dir $@-shrunk.dir - mkdir $@.dir $@-t.dir $@-shrunk.dir - case $@ in \ - *_right) leap='-L leapseconds';; \ - *) leap=;; \ - esac && \ - $(ZIC) $$leap -d $@.dir $(DATAFORM).zi && \ - $(ZIC) $$leap -d $@-shrunk.dir tzdata.zi && \ - case $(DATAFORM) in \ - main) \ - $(ZIC) $$leap -d $@-t.dir $(TDATA) && \ - $(AWK) '/^Rule/' $(TDATA) | \ - $(ZIC) $$leap -d $@-t.dir - $(PACKRATDATA) && \ - diff -r $@.dir $@-t.dir;; \ - esac - diff -r $@.dir $@-shrunk.dir - rm -fr $@.dir $@-t.dir $@-shrunk.dir - touch $@ - -clean_misc: - rm -fr check_*.dir - rm -f *.o *.out $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES) \ - check_* core typecheck_* \ - date tzselect version.h zdump zic libtz.a -clean: clean_misc - rm -fr *.dir tzdb-*/ - rm -f *.zi $(TZS_NEW) - -maintainer-clean: clean - @echo 'This command is intended for maintainers to use; it' - @echo 'deletes files that may need special tools to rebuild.' - rm -f leapseconds version $(MANTXTS) $(TZS) *.asc *.tar.* - -names: - @echo $(ENCHILADA) - -public: check check_public $(CHECK_TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES) \ - tarballs signatures - -date.1.txt: date.1 -newctime.3.txt: newctime.3 -newstrftime.3.txt: newstrftime.3 -newtzset.3.txt: newtzset.3 -time2posix.3.txt: time2posix.3 -tzfile.5.txt: tzfile.5 -tzselect.8.txt: tzselect.8 -zdump.8.txt: zdump.8 -zic.8.txt: zic.8 - -$(MANTXTS): workman.sh - LC_ALL=C sh workman.sh `expr $@ : '\(.*\)\.txt$$'` >$@.out - mv $@.out $@ - -# Set file timestamps deterministically if possible, -# so that tarballs containing the timestamps are reproducible. -# -# '$(SET_TIMESTAMP_N) N DEST A B C ...' sets the timestamp of the -# file DEST to the maximum of the timestamps of the files A B C ..., -# plus N if GNU ls and touch are available. -SET_TIMESTAMP_N = sh -c '\ - n=$$0 dest=$$1; shift; \ - touch -cmr `ls -t "$$@" | sed 1q` "$$dest" && \ - if test $$n != 0 && \ - lsout=`ls -n --time-style="+%s" "$$dest" 2>/dev/null`; then \ - set x $$lsout && \ - touch -cmd @`expr $$7 + $$n` "$$dest"; \ - else :; fi' -# If DEST depends on A B C ... in this Makefile, callers should use -# $(SET_TIMESTAMP_DEP) DEST A B C ..., for the benefit of any -# downstream 'make' that considers equal timestamps to be out of date. -# POSIX allows this 'make' behavior, and HP-UX 'make' does it. -# If all that matters is that the timestamp be reproducible -# and plausible, use $(SET_TIMESTAMP). -SET_TIMESTAMP = $(SET_TIMESTAMP_N) 0 -SET_TIMESTAMP_DEP = $(SET_TIMESTAMP_N) 1 - -# Set the timestamps to those of the git repository, if available, -# and if the files have not changed since then. -# This uses GNU 'ls --time-style=+%s', which outputs the seconds count, -# and GNU 'touch -d@N FILE', where N is the number of seconds since 1970. -# If git or GNU is absent, don't bother to sync with git timestamps. -# Also, set the timestamp of each prebuilt file like 'leapseconds' -# to be the maximum of the files it depends on. -set-timestamps.out: $(EIGHT_YARDS) - rm -f $@ - if (type git) >/dev/null 2>&1 && \ - files=`git ls-files $(EIGHT_YARDS)` && \ - touch -md @1 test.out; then \ - rm -f test.out && \ - for file in $$files; do \ - if git diff --quiet $$file; then \ - time=`git log -1 --format='tformat:%ct' $$file` && \ - touch -cmd @$$time $$file; \ - else \ - echo >&2 "$$file: warning: does not match repository"; \ - fi || exit; \ - done; \ - fi - $(SET_TIMESTAMP_DEP) leapseconds $(LEAP_DEPS) - for file in `ls $(MANTXTS) | sed 's/\.txt$$//'`; do \ - $(SET_TIMESTAMP_DEP) $$file.txt $$file workman.sh || \ - exit; \ - done - $(SET_TIMESTAMP_DEP) version $(VERSION_DEPS) - $(SET_TIMESTAMP_DEP) tzdata.zi $(TZDATA_ZI_DEPS) - touch $@ -set-tzs-timestamp.out: $(TZS) - $(SET_TIMESTAMP_DEP) $(TZS) $(TZS_DEPS) - touch $@ - -# The zics below ensure that each data file can stand on its own. -# We also do an all-files run to catch links to links. - -check_public: $(VERSION_DEPS) - rm -fr public.dir - mkdir public.dir - ln $(VERSION_DEPS) public.dir - cd public.dir && $(MAKE) CFLAGS='$(GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS)' ALL - for i in $(TDATA_TO_CHECK) public.dir/tzdata.zi \ - public.dir/vanguard.zi public.dir/main.zi \ - public.dir/rearguard.zi; \ - do \ - public.dir/zic -v -d public.dir/zoneinfo $$i 2>&1 || exit; \ - done - public.dir/zic -v -d public.dir/zoneinfo-all $(TDATA_TO_CHECK) - rm -fr public.dir - touch $@ - -# Check that the code works under various alternative -# implementations of time_t. -check_time_t_alternatives: $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES) -$(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_TAIL): $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_HEAD) -$(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES): $(VERSION_DEPS) - rm -fr $@.dir - mkdir $@.dir - ln $(VERSION_DEPS) $@.dir - case $@ in \ - int32_t) range=-2147483648,2147483648;; \ - u*) range=0,4294967296;; \ - *) range=-4294967296,4294967296;; \ - esac && \ - wd=`pwd` && \ - zones=`$(AWK) '/^[^#]/ { print $$3 }' /dev/null; then \ - quiet_option='-q'; \ - else \ - quiet_option=''; \ - fi && \ - diff $$quiet_option -r $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_HEAD).dir/etc \ - $@.dir/etc && \ - diff $$quiet_option -r \ - $(TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES_HEAD).dir/usr/share \ - $@.dir/usr/share; \ - } - touch $@ - -TRADITIONAL_ASC = \ - tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz.asc \ - tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz.asc -REARGUARD_ASC = \ - tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.tar.gz.asc -ALL_ASC = $(TRADITIONAL_ASC) $(REARGUARD_ASC) \ - tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz.asc - -tarballs rearguard_tarballs traditional_tarballs \ -signatures rearguard_signatures traditional_signatures: \ - version set-timestamps.out rearguard.zi - VERSION=`cat version` && \ - $(MAKE) AWK='$(AWK)' VERSION="$$VERSION" $@_version - -# These *_version rules are intended for use if VERSION is set by some -# other means. Ordinarily these rules are used only by the above -# non-_version rules, which set VERSION on the 'make' command line. -tarballs_version: traditional_tarballs_version rearguard_tarballs_version \ - tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz -rearguard_tarballs_version: \ - tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.tar.gz -traditional_tarballs_version: \ - tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz -signatures_version: $(ALL_ASC) -rearguard_signatures_version: $(REARGUARD_ASC) -traditional_signatures_version: $(TRADITIONAL_ASC) - -tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz: set-timestamps.out - LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \ - tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - \ - $(COMMON) $(DOCS) $(SOURCES) | \ - gzip $(GZIPFLAGS) >$@.out - mv $@.out $@ - -tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz: set-timestamps.out - LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \ - tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - $(COMMON) $(DATA) $(MISC) | \ - gzip $(GZIPFLAGS) >$@.out - mv $@.out $@ - -tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.tar.gz: rearguard.zi set-timestamps.out - rm -fr tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir - mkdir tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir - ln $(COMMON) $(DATA) $(MISC) tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir - cd tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir && \ - rm -f $(TDATA) $(PACKRATDATA) version - for f in $(TDATA) $(PACKRATDATA); do \ - rearf=tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir/$$f; \ - $(AWK) -v DATAFORM=rearguard -f ziguard.awk $$f >$$rearf && \ - $(SET_TIMESTAMP_DEP) $$rearf ziguard.awk $$f || exit; \ - done - sed '1s/$$/-rearguard/' \ - tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir/version - : The dummy pacificnew pacifies TZUpdater 2.3.1 and earlier. - TZ=UTC0 touch -mt 202010122253.00 \ - tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir/pacificnew - touch -cmr version tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir/version - LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \ - (cd tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.dir && \ - tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - \ - $(COMMON) $(DATA) $(MISC) pacificnew | \ - gzip $(GZIPFLAGS)) >$@.out - mv $@.out $@ - -tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz: set-timestamps.out set-tzs-timestamp.out - rm -fr tzdb-$(VERSION) - mkdir tzdb-$(VERSION) - ln $(ENCHILADA) tzdb-$(VERSION) - $(SET_TIMESTAMP) tzdb-$(VERSION) tzdb-$(VERSION)/* - LC_ALL=C && export LC_ALL && \ - tar $(TARFLAGS) -cf - tzdb-$(VERSION) | lzip -9 >$@.out - mv $@.out $@ - -tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz.asc: tzcode$(VERSION).tar.gz -tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz.asc: tzdata$(VERSION).tar.gz -tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.tar.gz.asc: tzdata$(VERSION)-rearguard.tar.gz -tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz.asc: tzdb-$(VERSION).tar.lz -$(ALL_ASC): - $(GPG) --armor --detach-sign $? - -TYPECHECK_CFLAGS = $(CFLAGS) -DTYPECHECK -D__time_t_defined -D_TIME_T -typecheck: typecheck_long_long typecheck_unsigned -typecheck_long_long typecheck_unsigned: $(VERSION_DEPS) - rm -fr $@.dir - mkdir $@.dir - ln $(VERSION_DEPS) $@.dir - cd $@.dir && \ - case $@ in \ - *_long_long) i="long long";; \ - *_unsigned ) i="unsigned" ;; \ - esac && \ - typecheck_cflags='' && \ - $(MAKE) \ - CFLAGS="$(TYPECHECK_CFLAGS) \"-Dtime_t=$$i\"" \ - TOPDIR="`pwd`" \ - install - $@.dir/zdump -i -c 1970,1971 Europe/Rome - touch $@ - -zonenames: tzdata.zi - @$(AWK) '/^Z/ { print $$2 } /^L/ { print $$3 }' tzdata.zi - -asctime.o: private.h tzfile.h -date.o: private.h -difftime.o: private.h -localtime.o: private.h tzfile.h -strftime.o: private.h tzfile.h -zdump.o: version.h -zic.o: private.h tzfile.h version.h - -.PHONY: ALL INSTALL all -.PHONY: check check_time_t_alternatives -.PHONY: check_web check_zishrink -.PHONY: clean clean_misc dummy.zd force_tzs -.PHONY: install install_data maintainer-clean names -.PHONY: posix_only posix_packrat posix_right public -.PHONY: rearguard_signatures rearguard_signatures_version -.PHONY: rearguard_tarballs rearguard_tarballs_version -.PHONY: right_only right_posix signatures signatures_version -.PHONY: tarballs tarballs_version -.PHONY: traditional_signatures traditional_signatures_version -.PHONY: traditional_tarballs traditional_tarballs_version -.PHONY: typecheck -.PHONY: zonenames zones -.PHONY: $(ZDS) diff --git a/inst/tzdata/NEWS b/inst/tzdata/NEWS deleted file mode 100644 index a60847be..00000000 --- a/inst/tzdata/NEWS +++ /dev/null @@ -1,5190 +0,0 @@ -News for the tz database - -Release 2021a - 2021-01-24 10:54:57 -0800 - - Changes to future timestamps - - South Sudan changes from +03 to +02 on 2021-02-01 at 00:00. - (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - -Release 2020f - 2020-12-29 00:17:46 -0800 - - Change to build procedure - - 'make rearguard_tarballs' no longer generates a bad rearguard.zi, - fixing a 2020e bug. (Problem reported by Deborah Goldsmith.) - - -Release 2020e - 2020-12-22 15:14:34 -0800 - - Briefly: - Volgograd switches to Moscow time on 2020-12-27 at 02:00. - - Changes to future timestamps - - Volgograd changes time zone from +04 to +03 on 2020-12-27 at 02:00. - (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev and Stepan Golosunov.) - - Changes to past timestamps - - Correct many pre-1986 transitions, fixing entries originally - derived from Shanks. The fixes include: - - Australia: several 1917 through 1971 transitions - - Bahamas: several 1941 through 1945 transitions - - Bermuda: several 1917 through 1956 transitions - - Belize: several 1942 through 1968 transitions - - Ghana: several 1915 through 1956 transitions - - Israel and Palestine: several 1940 through 1985 transitions - - Kenya and adjacent: several 1908 through 1960 transitions - - Nigeria and adjacent: correcting LMT in Lagos, and several 1905 - through 1919 transitions - - Seychelles: the introduction of standard time in 1907, not 1906 - - Vanuatu: DST in 1973-1974, and a corrected 1984 transition - (Thanks to P Chan.) - - Because of the Australia change, Australia/Currie (King Island) is - no longer needed, as it is identical to Australia/Hobart for all - timestamps since 1970 and was therefore created by mistake. - Australia/Currie has been moved to the 'backward' file and its - corrected data moved to the 'backzone' file. - - Changes to past time zone abbreviations and DST flags - - To better match legislation in Turks and Caicos, the 2015 shift to - year-round observance of -04 is now modeled as AST throughout before - returning to Eastern Time with US DST in 2018, rather than as - maintaining EDT until 2015-11-01. (Thanks to P Chan.) - - Changes to documentation - - The zic man page now documents zic's coalescing of transitions - when a zone falls back just before DST springs forward. - - -Release 2020d - 2020-10-21 11:24:13 -0700 - - Briefly: - Palestine ends DST earlier than predicted, on 2020-10-24. - - Changes to past and future timestamps - - Palestine ends DST on 2020-10-24 at 01:00, instead of 2020-10-31 - as previously predicted (thanks to Sharef Mustafa.) Its - 2019-10-26 fall-back was at 00:00, not 01:00 (thanks to Steffen - Thorsen.) Its 2015-10-23 transition was at 01:00 not 00:00, and - its spring 2020 transition was on March 28 at 00:00, not March 27 - (thanks to Pierre Cashon.) This affects Asia/Gaza and - Asia/Hebron. Assume future spring and fall transitions will be on - the Saturday preceding the last Sunday of March and October, - respectively. - - -Release 2020c - 2020-10-16 11:15:53 -0700 - - Briefly: - Fiji starts DST later than usual, on 2020-12-20. - - Changes to future timestamps - - Fiji will start DST on 2020-12-20, instead of 2020-11-08 as - previously predicted. DST will still end on 2021-01-17. - (Thanks to Raymond Kumar and Alan Mintz.) Assume for now that - the later-than-usual start date is a one-time departure from the - recent pattern. - - Changes to build procedure - - Rearguard tarballs now contain an empty file pacificnew. - Some older downstream software expects this file to exist. - (Problem reported by Mike Cullinan.) - - -Release 2020b - 2020-10-06 18:35:04 -0700 - - Briefly: - Revised predictions for Morocco's changes starting in 2023. - Canada's Yukon changes to -07 on 2020-11-01, not 2020-03-08. - Macquarie Island has stayed in sync with Tasmania since 2011. - Casey, Antarctica is at +08 in winter and +11 in summer. - zic no longer supports -y, nor the TYPE field of Rules. - - Changes to future timestamps - - Morocco's spring-forward after Ramadan is now predicted to occur - no sooner than two days after Ramadan, instead of one day. - (Thanks to Milamber.) The first altered prediction is for 2023, - now predicted to spring-forward on April 30 instead of April 23. - - Changes to past and future timestamps - - Casey Station, Antarctica has been using +08 in winter and +11 in - summer since 2018. The most recent transition from +08 to +11 was - 2020-10-04 00:01. Also, Macquarie Island has been staying in - sync with Tasmania since 2011. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Changes to past and future time zone abbreviations and DST flags - - Canada's Yukon, represented by America/Whitehorse and - America/Dawson, changes its time zone rules from -08/-07 to - permanent -07 on 2020-11-01, not on 2020-03-08 as 2020a had it. - This change affects only the time zone abbreviation (MST vs PDT) - and daylight saving flag for the period between the two dates. - (Thanks to Andrew G. Smith.) - - Changes to past timestamps - - Correct several transitions for Hungary for 1918/1983. - For example, the 1983-09-25 fall-back was at 01:00, not 03:00. - (Thanks to Géza Nyáry.) Also, the 1890 transition to standard - time was on 11-01, not 10-01 (thanks to Michael Deckers). - - The 1891 French transition was on March 16, not March 15. The - 1911-03-11 French transition was at midnight, not a minute later. - Monaco's transitions were on 1892-06-01 and 1911-03-29, not - 1891-03-15 and 1911-03-11. (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) - - Changes to code - - Support for zic's long-obsolete '-y YEARISTYPE' option has been - removed and, with it, so has support for the TYPE field in Rule - lines, which is now reserved for compatibility with earlier zic. - These features were previously deprecated in release 2015f. - (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) - - zic now defaults to '-b slim' instead of to '-b fat'. - - zic's new '-l -' and '-p -' options uninstall any existing - localtime and posixrules files, respectively. - - The undocumented and ineffective tzsetwall function has been - removed. - - Changes to build procedure - - The Makefile now defaults POSIXRULES to '-', so the posixrules - feature (obsolete as of 2019b) is no longer installed by default. - - Changes to documentation and commentary - - The long-obsolete files pacificnew, systemv, and yearistype.sh have - been removed from the distribution. (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) - - -Release 2020a - 2020-04-23 16:03:47 -0700 - - Briefly: - Morocco springs forward on 2020-05-31, not 2020-05-24. - Canada's Yukon advanced to -07 year-round on 2020-03-08. - America/Nuuk renamed from America/Godthab. - zic now supports expiration dates for leap second lists. - - Changes to future timestamps - - Morocco's second spring-forward transition in 2020 will be May 31, - not May 24 as predicted earlier. (Thanks to Semlali Naoufal.) - Adjust future-year predictions to use the first Sunday after the - day after Ramadan, not the first Sunday after Ramadan. - - Canada's Yukon, represented by America/Whitehorse and - America/Dawson, advanced to -07 year-round, beginning with its - spring-forward transition on 2020-03-08, and will not fall back on - 2020-11-01. Although a government press release calls this - "permanent Pacific Daylight Saving Time", we prefer MST for - consistency with nearby Dawson Creek, Creston, and Fort Nelson. - (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) - - Changes to past timestamps - - Shanghai observed DST in 1919. (Thanks to Phake Nick.) - - Changes to timezone identifiers - - To reflect current usage in English better, America/Godthab has - been renamed to America/Nuuk. A backwards-compatibility link - remains for the old name. - - Changes to code - - localtime.c no longer mishandles timestamps after the last - transition in a TZif file with leap seconds and with daylight - saving time transitions projected into the indefinite future. - For example, with TZ='America/Los_Angeles' with leap seconds, - zdump formerly reported a DST transition on 2038-03-14 - from 01:59:32.999... to 02:59:33 instead of the correct transition - from 01:59:59.999... to 03:00:00. - - zic -L now supports an Expires line in the leapseconds file, and - truncates the TZif output accordingly. This propagates leap - second expiration information into the TZif file, and avoids the - abovementioned localtime.c bug as well as similar bugs present in - many client implementations. If no Expires line is present, zic - -L instead truncates the TZif output based on the #expires comment - present in leapseconds files distributed by tzdb 2018f and later; - however, this usage is obsolescent. For now, the distributed - leapseconds file has an Expires line that is commented out, so - that the file can be fed to older versions of zic which ignore the - commented-out line. Future tzdb distributions are planned to - contain a leapseconds file with an Expires line. - - The configuration macros HAVE_TZNAME and USG_COMPAT should now be - set to 1 if the system library supports the feature, and 2 if not. - As before, these macros are nonzero if tzcode should support the - feature, zero otherwise. - - The configuration macro ALTZONE now has the same values with the - same meaning as HAVE_TZNAME and USG_COMPAT. - - The code's defense against CRLF in leap-seconds.list is now - portable to POSIX awk. (Problem reported by Deborah Goldsmith.) - - Although the undocumented tzsetwall function is not changed in - this release, it is now deprecated in preparation for removal in - future releases. Due to POSIX requirements, tzsetwall has not - worked for some time. Any code that uses it should instead use - tzalloc(NULL) or, if portability trumps thread-safety, should - unset the TZ environment variable. - - Changes to commentary - - The Îles-de-la-Madeleine and the Listuguj reserve are noted as - following America/Halifax, and comments about Yukon's "south" and - "north" have been corrected to say "east" and "west". (Thanks to - Jeffery Nichols.) - - -Release 2019c - 2019-09-11 08:59:48 -0700 - - Briefly: - Fiji observes DST from 2019-11-10 to 2020-01-12. - Norfolk Island starts observing Australian-style DST. - - Changes to future timestamps - - Fiji's next DST transitions will be 2019-11-10 and 2020-01-12 - instead of 2019-11-03 and 2020-01-19. (Thanks to Raymond Kumar.) - Adjust future guesses accordingly. - - Norfolk Island will observe Australian-style DST starting in - spring 2019. The first transition is on 2019-10-06. (Thanks to - Kyle Czech and Michael Deckers.) - - Changes to past timestamps - - Many corrections to time in Turkey from 1940 through 1985. - (Thanks to Oya Vulaş via Alois Treindl, and to Kıvanç Yazan.) - - The Norfolk Island 1975-03-02 transition was at 02:00 standard - time, not 02:00 DST. (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) - - South Korea observed DST from 1948 through 1951. Although this - info was supposed to appear in release 2014j, a typo inadvertently - suppressed the change. (Thanks to Alois Treindl.) - - Detroit observed DST in 1967 and 1968 following the US DST rules, - except that its 1967 DST began on June 14 at 00:01. (Thanks to - Alois Treindl for pointing out that the old data entries were - probably wrong.) - - Fix several errors in pre-1970 transitions in Perry County, IN. - (Thanks to Alois Triendl for pointing out the 1967/9 errors.) - - Edmonton did not observe DST in 1967 or 1969. In 1946 Vancouver - ended DST on 09-29 not 10-13, and Vienna ended DST on 10-07 not - 10-06. In 1945 Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) switched from +01/+02 - to +02/+03 on 04-10 not 01-01, and its +02/+03 is abbreviated - EET/EEST, not CET/CEST. (Thanks to Alois Triendl.) In 1946 - Königsberg switched to +03 on 04-07 not 01-01. - - In 1946 Louisville switched from CST to CDT on 04-28 at 00:01, not - 01-01 at 00:00. (Thanks to Alois Treindl and Michael Deckers.) - Also, it switched from CST to CDT on 1950-04-30, not 1947-04-27. - - The 1892-05-01 transition in Brussels was at 00:17:30, not at noon. - (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) - - Changes to past time zone abbreviations and DST flags - - Hong Kong Winter Time, observed from 1941-10-01 to 1941-12-25, - is now flagged as DST and is abbreviated HKWT not HKT. - - Changes to code - - leapseconds.awk now relies only on its input data, rather than - also relying on its comments. (Inspired by code from Dennis - Ferguson and Chris Woodbury.) - - The code now defends against CRLFs in leap-seconds.list. - (Thanks to Brian Inglis and Chris Woodbury.) - - Changes to documentation and commentary - - theory.html discusses leap seconds. (Thanks to Steve Summit.) - - Nashville's newspapers dueled about the time of day in the 1950s. - (Thanks to John Seigenthaler.) - - Liechtenstein observed Swiss DST in 1941/2. - (Thanks to Alois Treindl.) - - -Release 2019b - 2019-07-01 00:09:53 -0700 - - Briefly: - Brazil no longer observes DST. - 'zic -b slim' outputs smaller TZif files; please try it out. - Palestine's 2019 spring-forward transition was on 03-29, not 03-30. - - Changes to future timestamps - - Brazil has canceled DST and will stay on standard time indefinitely. - (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen, Marcus Diniz, and Daniel Soares de - Oliveira.) - - Predictions for Morocco now go through 2087 instead of 2037, to - work around a problem on newlib when using TZif files output by - zic 2019a or earlier. (Problem reported by David Gauchard.) - - Changes to past and future timestamps - - Palestine's 2019 spring transition was 03-29 at 00:00, not 03-30 - at 01:00. (Thanks to Sharef Mustafa and Even Scharning.) Guess - future transitions to be March's last Friday at 00:00. - - Changes to past timestamps - - Hong Kong's 1941-06-15 spring-forward transition was at 03:00, not - 03:30. Its 1945 transition from JST to HKT was on 11-18 at 02:00, - not 09-15 at 00:00. In 1946 its spring-forward transition was on - 04-21 at 00:00, not the previous day at 03:30. From 1946 through - 1952 its fall-back transitions occurred at 04:30, not at 03:30. - In 1947 its fall-back transition was on 11-30, not 12-30. - (Thanks to P Chan.) - - Changes to past time zone abbreviations - - Italy's 1866 transition to Rome Mean Time was on December 12, not - September 22. This affects only the time zone abbreviation for - Europe/Rome between those dates. (Thanks to Stephen Trainor and - Luigi Rosa.) - - Changes affecting metadata only - - Add info about the Crimea situation in zone1970.tab and zone.tab. - (Problem reported by Serhii Demediuk.) - - Changes to code - - zic's new -b option supports a way to control data bloat and to - test for year-2038 bugs in software that reads TZif files. - 'zic -b fat' and 'zic -b slim' generate larger and smaller output; - for example, changing from fat to slim shrinks the Europe/London - file from 3648 to 1599 bytes, saving about 56%. Fat and slim - files represent the same set of timestamps and use the same TZif - format as documented in tzfile(5) and in Internet RFC 8536. - Fat format attempts to work around bugs or incompatibilities in - older software, notably software that mishandles 64-bit TZif data - or uses obsolete TZ strings like "EET-2EEST" that lack DST rules. - Slim format is more efficient and does not work around 64-bit bugs - or obsolete TZ strings. Currently zic defaults to fat format - unless you compile with -DZIC_BLOAT_DEFAULT=\"slim\"; this - out-of-the-box default is intended to change in future releases - as the buggy software often mishandles timestamps anyway. - - zic no longer treats a set of rules ending in 2037 specially. - Previously, zic assumed that such a ruleset meant that future - timestamps could not be predicted, and therefore omitted a - POSIX-like TZ string in the TZif output. The old behavior is no - longer needed for current tzdata, and caused problems with newlib - when used with older tzdata (reported by David Gauchard). - - zic no longer generates some artifact transitions. For example, - Europe/London no longer has a no-op transition in January 1996. - - Changes to build procedure - - tzdata.zi now assumes zic 2017c or later. This shrinks tzdata.zi - by a percent or so. - - Changes to documentation and commentary - - The Makefile now documents the POSIXRULES macro as being obsolete, - and similarly, zic's -p POSIXRULES option is now documented as - being obsolete. Although the POSIXRULES feature still exists and - works as before, in practice it is rarely used for its intended - purpose, and it does not work either in the default reference - implementation (for timestamps after 2037) or in common - implementations such as GNU/Linux (for contemporary timestamps). - Since POSIXRULES was designed primarily as a temporary transition - facility for System V platforms that died off decades ago, it is - being decommissioned rather than institutionalized. - - New info on Bonin Islands and Marcus (thanks to Wakaba and Phake Nick). - - -Release 2019a - 2019-03-25 22:01:33 -0700 - - Briefly: - Palestine "springs forward" on 2019-03-30 instead of 2019-03-23. - Metlakatla "fell back" to rejoin Alaska Time on 2019-01-20 at 02:00. - - Changes to past and future timestamps - - Palestine will not start DST until 2019-03-30, instead of 2019-03-23 as - previously predicted. Adjust our prediction by guessing that spring - transitions will be between 24 and 30 March, which matches recent practice - since 2016. (Thanks to Even Scharning and Tim Parenti.) - - Metlakatla ended its observance of Pacific standard time, - rejoining Alaska Time, on 2019-01-20 at 02:00. (Thanks to Ryan - Stanley and Tim Parenti.) - - Changes to past timestamps - - Israel observed DST in 1980 (08-02/09-13) and 1984 (05-05/08-25). - (Thanks to Alois Treindl and Isaac Starkman.) - - Changes to time zone abbreviations - - Etc/UCT is now a backward-compatibility link to Etc/UTC, instead - of being a separate zone that generates the abbreviation "UCT", - which nowadays is typically a typo. (Problem reported by Isiah - Meadows.) - - Changes to code - - zic now has an -r option to limit the time range of output data. - For example, 'zic -r @1000000000' limits the output data to - timestamps starting 1000000000 seconds after the Epoch. - This helps shrink output size and can be useful for applications - not needing the full timestamp history, such as TZDIST truncation; - see Internet RFC 8536 section 5.1. (Inspired by a feature request - from Christopher Wong, helped along by bug reports from Wong and - from Tim Parenti.) - - Changes to documentation - - Mention Internet RFC 8536 (February 2019), which documents TZif. - - tz-link.html now cites tzdata-meta - . - - -Release 2018i - 2018-12-30 11:05:43 -0800 - - Briefly: - São Tomé and Príncipe switches from +01 to +00 on 2019-01-01. - - Changes to future timestamps - - Due to a change in government, São Tomé and Príncipe switches back - from +01 to +00 on 2019-01-01 at 02:00. (Thanks to Vadim - Nasardinov and Michael Deckers.) - - -Release 2018h - 2018-12-23 17:59:32 -0800 - - Briefly: - Qyzylorda, Kazakhstan moved from +06 to +05 on 2018-12-21. - New zone Asia/Qostanay because Qostanay, Kazakhstan didn't move. - Metlakatla, Alaska observes PST this winter only. - Guess Morocco will continue to adjust clocks around Ramadan. - Add predictions for Iran from 2038 through 2090. - - Changes to future timestamps - - Guess that Morocco will continue to fall back just before and - spring forward just after Ramadan, the practice since 2012. - (Thanks to Maamar Abdelkader.) This means Morocco will observe - negative DST during Ramadan in main and vanguard formats, and in - rearguard format it stays in the +00 timezone and observes - ordinary DST in all months other than Ramadan. As before, extend - this guesswork to the year 2037. As a consequence, Morocco is - scheduled to observe three DST transitions in some Gregorian years - (e.g., 2033) due to the mismatch between the Gregorian and Islamic - calendars. - - The table of exact transitions for Iranian DST has been extended. - It formerly cut off before the year 2038 in a nod to 32-bit time_t. - It now cuts off before 2091 as there is doubt about how the Persian - calendar will treat 2091. This change predicts DST transitions in - 2038-9, 2042-3, and 2046-7 to occur one day later than previously - predicted. As before, post-cutoff transitions are approximated. - - Changes to past and future timestamps - - Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda) oblast in Kazakhstan moved from +06 to - +05 on 2018-12-21. This is a zone split as Qostanay (aka - Kostanay) did not switch, so create a zone Asia/Qostanay. - - Metlakatla moved from Alaska to Pacific standard time on 2018-11-04. - It did not change clocks that day and remains on -08 this winter. - (Thanks to Ryan Stanley.) It will revert to the usual Alaska - rules next spring, so this change affects only timestamps - from 2018-11-04 through 2019-03-10. - - Change to past timestamps - - Kwajalein's 1993-08-20 transition from -12 to +12 was at 24:00, - not 00:00. I transcribed the time incorrectly from Shanks. - (Thanks to Phake Nick.) - - Nauru's 1979 transition was on 02-10 at 02:00, not 05-01 at 00:00. - (Thanks to Phake Nick.) - - Guam observed DST irregularly from 1959 through 1977. - (Thanks to Phake Nick.) - - Hong Kong observed DST in 1941 starting 06-15 (not 04-01), then on - 10-01 changed standard time to +08:30 (not +08). Its transition - back to +08 after WWII was on 1945-09-15, not the previous day. - Its 1904-10-30 change took effect at 01:00 +08 (not 00:00 LMT). - (Thanks to Phake Nick, Steve Allen, and Joseph Myers.) Also, - its 1952 fallback was on 11-02 (not 10-25). - - This release contains many changes to timestamps before 1946 due - to Japanese possession or occupation of Pacific/Chuuk, - Pacific/Guam, Pacific/Kosrae, Pacific/Kwajalein, Pacific/Majuro, - Pacific/Nauru, Pacific/Palau, and Pacific/Pohnpei. - (Thanks to Phake Nick.) - - Assume that the Spanish East Indies was like the Philippines and - observed American time until the end of 1844. This affects - Pacific/Chuuk, Pacific/Kosrae, Pacific/Palau, and Pacific/Pohnpei. - - Changes to past tm_isdst flags - - For the recent Morocco change, the tm_isdst flag should be 1 from - 2018-10-27 00:00 to 2018-10-28 03:00. (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) - Give a URL to the official decree. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) - - -Release 2018g - 2018-10-26 22:22:45 -0700 - - Briefly: - Morocco switches to permanent +01 on 2018-10-28. - - Changes to future timestamps - - Morocco switches from +00/+01 to permanent +01 effective 2018-10-28, - so its clocks will not fall back as previously scheduled. - (Thanks to Mohamed Essedik Najd and Brian Inglis.) - - Changes to code - - When generating TZif files with leap seconds, zic no longer uses a - format that trips up older 32-bit clients, fixing a bug introduced - in 2018f. (Reported by Daniel Fischer.) Also, the zic workaround - for QTBUG-53071 now also works for TZif files with leap seconds. - - The translator to rearguard format now rewrites the line - "Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 25:00 0 S" to - "Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sun>=9 1:00 0 S". - This caters to zic before 2007 and to Oracle TZUpdater 2.2.0 - and earlier. (Reported by Christos Zoulas.) - - Changes to past time zone abbreviations - - Change HDT to HWT/HPT for WWII-era abbreviations in Hawaii. - This reverts to 2011h, as the abbreviation change in 2011i was - likely inadvertent. - - Changes to documentation - - tzfile.5 has new sections on interoperability issues. - - -Release 2018f - 2018-10-18 00:14:18 -0700 - - Briefly: - Volgograd moves from +03 to +04 on 2018-10-28. - Fiji ends DST 2019-01-13, not 2019-01-20. - Most of Chile changes DST dates, effective 2019-04-06. - - Changes to future timestamps - - Volgograd moves from +03 to +04 on 2018-10-28 at 02:00. - (Thanks to Alexander Fetisov and Stepan Golosunov.) - - Fiji ends DST 2019-01-13 instead of the 2019-01-20 previously - predicted. (Thanks to Raymond Kumar.) Adjust future predictions - accordingly. - - Most of Chile will end DST on the first Saturday in April at 24:00 mainland - time, and resume DST on the first Saturday in September at 24:00 mainland - time. The changes are effective from 2019-04-06, and do not affect the - Magallanes region modeled by America/Punta_Arenas. (Thanks to Juan Correa - and Tim Parenti.) Adjust future predictions accordingly. - - Changes to past timestamps - - The 2018-05-05 North Korea 30-minute time zone change took place - at 23:30 the previous day, not at 00:00 that day. - - China's 1988 spring-forward transition was on April 17, not - April 10. Its DST transitions in 1986/91 were at 02:00, not 00:00. - (Thanks to P Chan.) - - Fix several issues for Macau before 1992. Macau's pre-1904 LMT - was off by 10 s. Macau switched to +08 in 1904 not 1912, and - temporarily switched to +09/+10 during World War II. Macau - observed DST in 1942/79, not 1961/80, and there were several - errors for transition times and dates. (Thanks to P Chan.) - - The 1948-1951 fallback transitions in Japan were at 25:00 on - September's second Saturday, not at 24:00. (Thanks to Phake Nick.) - zic turns this into 01:00 on the day after September's second - Saturday, which is the best that POSIX or C platforms can do. - - Incorporate 1940-1949 Asia/Shanghai DST transitions from a 2014 - paper by Li Yu, replacing more-questionable data from Shanks. - - Changes to time zone abbreviations - - Use "PST" and "PDT" for Philippine time. (Thanks to Paul Goyette.) - - Changes to code - - zic now always generates TZif files where time type 0 is used for - timestamps before the first transition. This simplifies the - reading of TZif files and should not affect behavior of existing - TZif readers because the same set of time types is used; only - their internal indexes may have changed. This affects only the - legacy zones EST5EDT, CST6CDT, MST7MDT, PST8PDT, CET, MET, and - EET, which previously used nonzero types for these timestamps. - - Because of the type 0 change, zic no longer outputs a dummy - transition at time -2**59 (before the Big Bang), as clients should - no longer need this to handle historical timestamps correctly. - This reverts a change introduced in 2013d and shrinks most TZif - files by a few bytes. - - zic now supports negative time-of-day in Rule and Leap lines, e.g., - "Rule X min max - Apr lastSun -6:00 1:00 -" means the transition - occurs at 18:00 on the Saturday before the last Sunday in April. - This behavior was documented in 2018a but the code did not - entirely match the documentation. - - localtime.c no longer requires at least one time type in TZif - files that lack transitions or have a POSIX-style TZ string. This - future-proofs the code against possible future extensions to the - format that would allow TZif files with POSIX-style TZ strings and - without transitions or time types. - - A read-access subscript error in localtime.c has been fixed. - It could occur only in TZif files with timecnt == 0, something that - does not happen in practice now but could happen in future versions. - - localtime.c no longer ignores TZif POSIX-style TZ strings that - specify only standard time. Instead, these TZ strings now - override the default time type for timestamps after the last - transition (or for all timestamps if there are no transitions), - just as DST strings specifying DST have always done. - - leapseconds.awk now outputs "#updated" and "#expires" comments, - and supports leap seconds at the ends of months other than June - and December. (Inspired by suggestions from Chris Woodbury.) - - Changes to documentation - - New restrictions: A Rule name must start with a character that - is neither an ASCII digit nor "-" nor "+", and an unquoted name - should not use characters in the set "!$%&'()*,/:;<=>?@[\]^`{|}~". - The latter restriction makes room for future extensions (a - possibility noted by Tom Lane). - - tzfile.5 now documents what time types apply before the first and - after the last transition, if any. - - Documentation now uses the spelling "timezone" for a TZ setting - that determines timestamp history, and "time zone" for a - geographic region currently sharing the same standard time. - - The name "TZif" is now used for the tz binary data format. - - tz-link.htm now mentions the A0 TimeZone Migration utilities. - (Thanks to Aldrin Martoq for the link.) - - Changes to build procedure - - New 'make' target 'rearguard_tarballs' to build the rearguard - tarball only. This is a convenience on platforms that lack lzip - if you want to build the rearguard tarball. (Problem reported by - Deborah Goldsmith.) - - tzdata.zi is now more stable from release to release. (Problem - noted by Tom Lane.) It is also a bit shorter. - - tzdata.zi now can contain comment lines documenting configuration - information, such as which data format was selected, which input - files were used, and how leap seconds are treated. (Problems - noted by Lester Caine and Brian Inglis.) If the Makefile defaults - are used these comment lines are absent, for backward - compatibility. A redistributor intending to alter its copy of the - files should also append "-LABEL" to the 'version' file's first - line, where "LABEL" identifies the redistributor's change. - - -Release 2018e - 2018-05-01 23:42:51 -0700 - - Briefly: - - North Korea switches back to +09 on 2018-05-05. - The main format uses negative DST again, for Ireland etc. - 'make tarballs' now also builds a rearguard tarball. - New 's' and 'd' suffixes in SAVE columns of Rule and Zone lines. - - Changes to past and future timestamps - - North Korea switches back from +0830 to +09 on 2018-05-05. - (Thanks to Kang Seonghoon, Arthur David Olson, Seo Sanghyeon, - and Tim Parenti.) - - Bring back the negative-DST changes of 2018a, except be more - compatible with data parsers that do not support negative DST. - Also, this now affects historical timestamps in Namibia and the - former Czechoslovakia, not just Ireland. The main format now uses - negative DST to model timestamps in Europe/Dublin (from 1971 on), - Europe/Prague (1946/7), and Africa/Windhoek (1994/2017). This - does not affect UT offsets, only time zone abbreviations and the - tm_isdst flag. Also, this does not affect rearguard or vanguard - formats; effectively the main format now uses vanguard instead of - rearguard format. Data parsers that do not support negative DST - can still use data from the rearguard tarball described below. - - Changes to build procedure - - The command 'make tarballs' now also builds the tarball - tzdataVERSION-rearguard.tar.gz, which is like tzdataVERSION.tar.gz - except that it uses rearguard format intended for trailing-edge - data parsers. - - Changes to data format and to code - - The SAVE column of Rule and Zone lines can now have an 's' or 'd' - suffix, which specifies whether the adjusted time is standard time - or daylight saving time. If no suffix is given, daylight saving - time is used if and only if the SAVE column is nonzero; this is - the longstanding behavior. Although this new feature is not used - in tzdata, it could be used to specify the legal time in Namibia - 1994-2017, as opposed to the popular time (see below). - - Changes to past timestamps - - From 1994 through 2017 Namibia observed DST in winter, not summer. - That is, it used negative DST, as Ireland still does. This change - does not affect UTC offsets; it affects only the tm_isdst flag and - the abbreviation used during summer, which is now CAT, not WAST. - Although (as noted by Michael Deckers) summer and winter time were - both simply called "standard time" in Namibian law, in common - practice winter time was considered to be DST (as noted by Stephen - Colebourne). The full effect of this change is only in vanguard - and main format; in rearguard format, the tm_isdst flag is still - zero in winter and nonzero in summer. - - In 1946/7 Czechoslovakia also observed negative DST in winter. - The full effect of this change is only in vanguard and main - formats; in rearguard format, it is modeled as plain GMT without - daylight saving. Also, the dates of some 1944/5 DST transitions - in Czechoslovakia have been changed. - - -Release 2018d - 2018-03-22 07:05:46 -0700 - - Briefly: - - Palestine starts DST a week earlier in 2018. - Add support for vanguard and rearguard data consumers. - Add subsecond precision to source data format, though not to data. - - Changes to future timestamps - - In 2018, Palestine starts DST on March 24, not March 31. - Adjust future predictions accordingly. (Thanks to Sharef Mustafa.) - - Changes to past and future timestamps - - Casey Station in Antarctica changed from +11 to +08 on 2018-03-11 - at 04:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Changes to past timestamps - - Historical transitions for Uruguay, represented by - America/Montevideo, have been updated per official legal documents, - replacing previous data mainly originating from the inventions of - Shanks & Pottenger. This has resulted in adjustments ranging from - 30 to 90 minutes in either direction over at least two dozen - distinct periods ranging from one day to several years in length. - A mere handful of pre-1991 transitions are unaffected; data since - then has come from more reliable contemporaneous reporting. These - changes affect various timestamps in 1920-1923, 1936, 1939, - 1942-1943, 1959, 1966-1970, 1972, 1974-1980, and 1988-1990. - Additionally, Uruguay's pre-standard-time UT offset has been - adjusted westward by 7 seconds, from UT-03:44:44 to UT-03:44:51, to - match the location of the Observatory of the National Meteorological - Institute in Montevideo. - (Thanks to Jeremie Bonjour, Tim Parenti, and Michael Deckers.) - - Enderbury and Kiritimati skipped New Year's Eve 1994, not - New Year's Day 1995. (Thanks to Kerry Shetline.) - - Fix the 1912-01-01 transition for Portugal and its colonies. - This transition was at 00:00 according to the new UT offset, not - according to the old one. Also assume that Cape Verde switched on - the same date as the rest, not in 1907. This affects - Africa/Bissau, Africa/Sao_Tome, Asia/Macau, Atlantic/Azores, - Atlantic/Cape_Verde, Atlantic/Madeira, and Europe/Lisbon. - (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) - - Fix an off-by-1 error for pre-1913 timestamps in Jamaica and in - Turks & Caicos. - - Changes to past time zone abbreviations - - MMT took effect in Uruguay from 1908-06-10, not 1898-06-28. There - is no clock change associated with the transition. - - Changes to build procedure - - The new DATAFORM macro in the Makefile lets the installer choose - among three source data formats. The idea is to lessen downstream - disruption when data formats are improved. - - * DATAFORM=vanguard installs from the latest, bleeding-edge - format. DATAFORM=main (the default) installs from the format - used in the 'africa' etc. files. DATAFORM=rearguard installs - from a trailing-edge format. Eventually, elements of today's - vanguard format should move to the main format, and similarly - the main format's features should eventually move to the - rearguard format. - - * In the current version, the main and rearguard formats are - identical and match that of 2018c, so this change does not - affect default behavior. The vanguard format currently contains - one feature not in the main format: negative SAVE values. This - improves support for Ireland, which uses Irish Standard Time - (IST, UTC+01) in summer and GMT (UTC) in winter. tzcode has - supported negative SAVE values for decades, and this feature - should move to the main format soon. However, it will not move - to the rearguard format for quite some time because some - downstream parsers do not support it. - - * The build procedure constructs three files vanguard.zi, main.zi, - and rearguard.zi, one for each format. Although the files - represent essentially the same data, they may have minor - discrepancies that users are not likely to notice. The files - are intended for downstream data consumers and are not - installed. Zoneinfo parsers that do not support negative SAVE values - should start using rearguard.zi, so that they will be unaffected - when the negative-DST feature moves from vanguard to main. - Bleeding-edge Zoneinfo parsers that support the new features - already can use vanguard.zi; in this respect, current tzcode is - bleeding-edge. - - The Makefile should now be safe for parallelized builds, and 'make - -j to2050new.tzs' is now much faster on a multiprocessor host - with GNU Make. - - When built with -DSUPPRESS_TZDIR, the tzcode library no longer - prepends TZDIR/ to file names that do not begin with '/'. This is - not recommended for general use, due to its security implications. - (From a suggestion by Manuela Friedrich.) - - Changes to code - - zic now accepts subsecond precision in expressions like - 00:19:32.13, which is approximately the legal time of the - Netherlands from 1835 to 1937. However, because it is - questionable whether the few recorded uses of non-integer offsets - had subsecond precision in practice, there are no plans for tzdata - to use this feature. (Thanks to Steve Allen for pointing out - the limitations of historical data in this area.) - - The code is a bit more portable to MS-Windows. Installers can - compile with -DRESERVE_STD_EXT_IDS on MS-Windows platforms that - reserve identifiers like 'localtime'. (Thanks to Manuela - Friedrich.) - - Changes to documentation and commentary - - theory.html now outlines tzdb's extensions to POSIX's model for - civil time, and has a section "POSIX features no longer needed" - that lists POSIX API components that are now vestigial. - (From suggestions by Steve Summit.) It also better distinguishes - time zones from tz regions. (From a suggestion by Guy Harris.) - - Commentary is now more consistent about using the phrase "daylight - saving time", to match the C name tm_isdst. Daylight saving time - need not occur in summer, and need not have a positive offset from - standard time. - - Commentary about historical transitions in Uruguay has been expanded - with links to many relevant legal documents. - (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) - - Commentary now uses some non-ASCII characters with Unicode value - less than U+0100, as they can be useful and should work even with - older editors such as XEmacs. - - -Release 2018c - 2018-01-22 23:00:44 -0800 - - Briefly: - Revert Irish changes that relied on negative SAVE values. - - Changes to tm_isdst - - Revert the 2018a change to Europe/Dublin. As before, this change - does not affect UT offsets or abbreviations; it affects only - whether timestamps are considered to be standard time or - daylight-saving time, as expressed in the tm_isdst flag of C's - struct tm type. This reversion is intended to be a temporary - workaround for problems discovered with downstream uses of - releases 2018a and 2018b, which implemented Irish time by using - negative SAVE values in the Eire rules of the 'europe' file. - Although negative SAVE values have been part of tzcode for many - years and are supported by many platforms, they were not - documented before 2018a and ICU and OpenJDK do not currently - support them. A mechanism to export data to platforms lacking - support for negative DST is planned to be developed before the - change is reapplied. (Problems reported by Deborah Goldsmith and - Stephen Colebourne.) - - Changes to past timestamps - - Japanese DST transitions (1948-1951) were Sundays at 00:00, not - Saturdays or Sundays at 02:00. (Thanks to Takayuki Nikai.) - - Changes to build procedure - - The build procedure now works around mawk 1.3.3's lack of support - for character class expressions. (Problem reported by Ohyama.) - - -Release 2018b - 2018-01-17 23:24:48 -0800 - - Briefly: - Fix a packaging problem in tz2018a, which was missing 'pacificnew'. - - Changes to build procedure - - The distribution now contains the file 'pacificnew' again. - This file was inadvertantly omitted in the 2018a distribution. - (Problem reported by Matias Fonzo.) - - -Release 2018a - 2018-01-12 22:29:21 -0800 - - Briefly: - São Tomé and Príncipe switched from +00 to +01. - Brazil's DST will now start on November's first Sunday. - Ireland's standard time is now in the summer, not the winter. - Use Debian-style installation locations, instead of 4.3BSD-style. - New zic option -t. - - Changes to past and future timestamps - - São Tomé and Príncipe switched from +00 to +01 on 2018-01-01 at - 01:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen and Michael Deckers.) - - Changes to future timestamps - - Starting in 2018 southern Brazil will begin DST on November's - first Sunday instead of October's third Sunday. (Thanks to - Steffen Thorsen.) - - Changes to past timestamps - - A discrepancy of 4 s in timestamps before 1931 in South Sudan has - been corrected. The 'backzone' and 'zone.tab' files did not agree - with the 'africa' and 'zone1970.tab' files. (Problem reported by - Michael Deckers.) - - The abbreviation invented for Bolivia Summer Time (1931-2) is now - BST instead of BOST, to be more consistent with the convention - used for Latvian Summer Time (1918-9) and for British Summer Time. - - Changes to tm_isdst - - Change Europe/Dublin so that it observes Irish Standard Time (UT - +01) in summer and GMT (as negative daylight-saving) in winter, - instead of observing standard time (GMT) in winter and Irish - Summer Time (UT +01) in summer. This change does not affect UT - offsets or abbreviations; it affects only whether timestamps are - considered to be standard time or daylight-saving time, as - expressed in the tm_isdst flag of C's struct tm type. - (Discrepancy noted by Derick Rethans.) - - Changes to build procedure - - The default installation locations have been changed to mostly - match Debian circa 2017, instead of being designed as an add-on to - 4.3BSD circa 1986. This affects the Makefile macros TOPDIR, - TZDIR, MANDIR, and LIBDIR. New Makefile macros TZDEFAULT, USRDIR, - USRSHAREDIR, BINDIR, ZDUMPDIR, and ZICDIR let installers tailor - locations more precisely. (This responds to suggestions from - Brian Inglis and from Steve Summit.) - - The default installation procedure no longer creates the - backward-compatibility link US/Pacific-New, which causes - confusion during user setup (e.g., see Debian bug 815200). - Use 'make BACKWARD="backward pacificnew"' to create the link - anyway, for now. Eventually we plan to remove the link entirely. - - tzdata.zi now contains a version-number comment. - (Suggested by Tom Lane.) - - The Makefile now quotes values like BACKWARD more carefully when - passing them to the shell. (Problem reported by Zefram.) - - Builders no longer need to specify -DHAVE_SNPRINTF on platforms - that have snprintf and use pre-C99 compilers. (Problem reported - by Jon Skeet.) - - Changes to code - - zic has a new option -t FILE that specifies the location of the - file that determines local time when TZ is unset. The default for - this location can be configured via the new TZDEFAULT makefile - macro, which defaults to /etc/localtime. - - Diagnostics and commentary now distinguish UT from UTC more - carefully; see theory.html for more information about UT vs UTC. - - zic has been ported to GCC 8's -Wstringop-truncation option. - (Problem reported by Martin Sebor.) - - Changes to documentation and commentary - - The zic man page now documents the longstanding behavior that - times and years can be out of the usual range, with negative times - counting backwards from midnight and with year 0 preceding year 1. - (Problem reported by Michael Deckers.) - - The theory.html file now mentions the POSIX limit of six chars - per abbreviation, and lists alphabetic abbreviations used. - - The files tz-art.htm and tz-link.htm have been renamed to - tz-art.html and tz-link.html, respectively, for consistency with - other file names and to simplify web server configuration. - - -Release 2017c - 2017-10-20 14:49:34 -0700 - - Briefly: - Northern Cyprus switches from +03 to +02/+03 on 2017-10-29. - Fiji ends DST 2018-01-14, not 2018-01-21. - Namibia switches from +01/+02 to +02 on 2018-04-01. - Sudan switches from +03 to +02 on 2017-11-01. - Tonga likely switches from +13/+14 to +13 on 2017-11-05. - Turks & Caicos switches from -04 to -05/-04 on 2018-11-04. - A new file tzdata.zi now holds a small text copy of all data. - The zic input format has been regularized slightly. - - Changes to future timestamps - - Northern Cyprus has decided to resume EU rules starting - 2017-10-29, thus reinstituting winter time. - - Fiji ends DST 2018-01-14 instead of the 2018-01-21 previously - predicted. (Thanks to Dominic Fok.) Adjust future predictions - accordingly. - - Namibia will switch from +01 with DST to +02 all year on - 2017-09-03 at 02:00. This affects UT offsets starting 2018-04-01 - at 02:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Sudan will switch from +03 to +02 on 2017-11-01. (Thanks to Ahmed - Atyya and Yahia Abdalla.) South Sudan is not switching, so - Africa/Juba is no longer a link to Africa/Khartoum. - - Tonga has likely ended its experiment with DST, and will not - adjust its clocks on 2017-11-05. Although Tonga has not announced - whether it will continue to observe DST, the IATA is assuming that - it will not. (Thanks to David Wade.) - - Turks & Caicos will switch from -04 all year to -05 with US DST on - 2018-03-11 at 03:00. This affects UT offsets starting 2018-11-04 - at 02:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Changes to past timestamps - - Namibia switched from +02 to +01 on 1994-03-21, not 1994-04-03. - (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) - - Detroit did not observe DST in 1967. - - Use railway time for Asia/Kolkata before 1941, by switching to - Madras local time (UT +052110) in 1870, then to IST (UT +0530) in - 1906. Also, treat 1941-2's +0630 as DST, like 1942-5. - - Europe/Dublin's 1946 and 1947 fallback transitions occurred at - 02:00 standard time, not 02:00 DST. (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) - - Pacific/Apia and Pacific/Pago_Pago switched from Antipodean to - American time in 1892, not 1879. (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) - - Adjust the 1867 transition in Alaska to better reflect the - historical record, by changing it to occur on 1867-10-18 at 15:30 - Sitka time rather than at the start of 1867-10-17 local time. - Although strictly speaking this is accurate only for Sitka, - the rest of Alaska's blanks need to be filled in somehow. - - Fix off-by-one errors in UT offsets for Adak and Nome before 1867. - (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) - - Add 7 s to the UT offset in Asia/Yangon before 1920. - - Changes to zone names - - Remove Canada/East-Saskatchewan from the 'backward' file, as it - exceeded the 14-character limit and was an unused misnomer anyway. - - Changes to build procedure - - To support applications that prefer to read time zone data in text - form, two zic input files tzdata.zi and leapseconds are now - installed by default. The commands 'zic tzdata.zi' and 'zic -L - leapseconds tzdata.zi' can reproduce the tzdata binary files - without and with leap seconds, respectively. To prevent these two - new files from being installed, use 'make TZDATA_TEXT=', and to - suppress leap seconds from the tzdata text installation, use 'make - TZDATA_TEXT=tzdata.zi'. - - 'make BACKWARD=' now suppresses backward-compatibility names - like 'US/Pacific' that are defined in the 'backward' and - 'pacificnew' files. - - 'make check' now works on systems that lack a UTF-8 locale, - or that lack the nsgmls program. Set UTF8_LOCALE to configure - the name of a UTF-8 locale, if you have one. - - Y2K runtime checks are no longer enabled by default. Add - -DDEPRECATE_TWO_DIGIT_YEARS to CFLAGS to enable them, instead of - adding -DNO_RUN_TIME_WARNINGS_ABOUT_YEAR_2000_PROBLEMS_THANK_YOU - to disable them. (New name suggested by Brian Inglis.) - - The build procedure for zdump now works on AIX 7.1. - (Problem reported by Kees Dekker.) - - Changes to code - - zic and the reference runtime now reject multiple leap seconds - within 28 days of each other, or leap seconds before the Epoch. - As a result, support for double leap seconds, which was - obsolescent and undocumented, has been removed. Double leap - seconds were an error in the C89 standard; they have never existed - in civil timekeeping. (Thanks to Robert Elz and Bradley White for - noticing glitches in the code that uncovered this problem.) - - zic now warns about use of the obsolescent and undocumented -y - option, and about use of the obsolescent TYPE field of Rule lines. - - zic now allows unambiguous abbreviations like "Sa" and "Su" for - weekdays; formerly it rejected them due to a bug. Conversely, zic - no longer considers non-prefixes to be abbreviations; for example, - it no longer accepts "lF" as an abbreviation for "lastFriday". - Also, zic warns about the undocumented usage with a "last-" - prefix, e.g., "last-Fri". - - Similarly, zic now accepts the unambiguous abbreviation "L" for - "Link" in ordinary context and for "Leap" in leap-second context. - Conversely, zic no longer accepts non-prefixes such as "La" as - abbreviations for words like "Leap". - - zic no longer accepts leap second lines in ordinary input, or - ordinary lines in leap second input. Formerly, zic sometimes - warned about this undocumented usage and handled it incorrectly. - - The new macro HAVE_TZNAME governs whether the tzname external - variable is exported, instead of USG_COMPAT. USG_COMPAT now - governs only the external variables "timezone" and "daylight". - This change is needed because the three variables are not in the - same category: although POSIX requires tzname, it specifies the - other two variables as optional. Also, USG_COMPAT is now 1 or 0: - if not defined, the code attempts to guess it from other macros. - - localtime.c and difftime.c no longer require stdio.h, and .c files - other than zic.c no longer require sys/wait.h. - - zdump.c no longer assumes snprintf. (Reported by Jonathan Leffler.) - - Calculation of time_t extrema works around a bug in GCC 4.8.4 - (Reported by Stan Shebs and Joseph Myers.) - - zic.c no longer mistranslates formats of line numbers in non-English - locales. (Problem reported by Benno Schulenberg.) - - Several minor changes have been made to the code to make it a - bit easier to port to MS-Windows and Solaris. (Thanks to Kees - Dekker for reporting the problems.) - - Changes to documentation and commentary - - The two new files 'theory.html' and 'calendars' contain the - contents of the removed file 'Theory'. The goal is to document - tzdb theory more accessibly. - - The zic man page now documents abbreviation rules. - - tz-link.htm now covers how to apply tzdata changes to clients. - (Thanks to Jorge Fábregas for the AIX link.) It also mentions MySQL. - - The leap-seconds.list URL has been updated to something that is - more reliable for tzdb. (Thanks to Tim Parenti and Brian Inglis.) - -Release 2017b - 2017-03-17 07:30:38 -0700 - - Briefly: Haiti has resumed DST. - - Changes to past and future timestamps - - Haiti resumed observance of DST in 2017. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Changes to past timestamps - - Liberia changed from -004430 to +00 on 1972-01-07, not 1972-05-01. - - Use "MMT" to abbreviate Liberia's time zone before 1972, as "-004430" - is one byte over the POSIX limit. (Problem reported by Derick Rethans.) - - Changes to code - - The reference localtime implementation now falls back on the - current US daylight-saving transition rules rather than the - 1987-2006 rules. This fallback occurs only when (1) the TZ - environment variable has a value like "AST4ADT" that asks - for daylight saving time but does not specify the rules, (2) there - is no file by that name, and (3) the TZDEFRULES file cannot be - loaded. (Thanks to Tom Lane.) - - -Release 2017a - 2017-02-28 00:05:36 -0800 - - Briefly: Southern Chile moves from -04/-03 to -03, and Mongolia - discontinues DST. - - Changes to future timestamps - - Mongolia no longer observes DST. (Thanks to Ganbold Tsagaankhuu.) - - Chile's Region of Magallanes moves from -04/-03 to -03 year-round. - Its clocks diverge from America/Santiago starting 2017-05-13 at - 23:00, hiving off a new zone America/Punta_Arenas. Although the - Chilean government says this change expires in May 2019, for now - assume it's permanent. (Thanks to Juan Correa and Deborah - Goldsmith.) This also affects Antarctica/Palmer. - - Changes to past timestamps - - Fix many entries for historical timestamps for Europe/Madrid - before 1979, to agree with tables compiled by Pere Planesas of the - National Astronomical Observatory of Spain. As a side effect, - this changes some timestamps for Africa/Ceuta before 1929, which - are probably guesswork anyway. (Thanks to Steve Allen and - Pierpaolo Bernardi for the heads-ups, and to Michael Deckers for - correcting the 1901 transition.) - - Ecuador observed DST from 1992-11-28 to 1993-02-05. - (Thanks to Alois Treindl.) - - Asia/Atyrau and Asia/Oral were at +03 (not +04) before 1930-06-21. - (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) - - Changes to past and future time zone abbreviations - - Switch to numeric time zone abbreviations for South America, as - part of the ongoing project of removing invented abbreviations. - This avoids the need to invent an abbreviation for the new Chilean - new zone. Similarly, switch from invented to numeric time zone - abbreviations for Afghanistan, American Samoa, the Azores, - Bangladesh, Bhutan, the British Indian Ocean Territory, Brunei, - Cape Verde, Chatham Is, Christmas I, Cocos (Keeling) Is, Cook Is, - Dubai, East Timor, Eucla, Fiji, French Polynesia, Greenland, - Indochina, Iran, Iraq, Kiribati, Lord Howe, Macquarie, Malaysia, - the Maldives, Marshall Is, Mauritius, Micronesia, Mongolia, - Myanmar, Nauru, Nepal, New Caledonia, Niue, Norfolk I, Palau, - Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Pitcairn, Qatar, Réunion, St - Pierre & Miquelon, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Seychelles, Singapore, - Solomon Is, Tokelau, Tuvalu, Wake, Vanuatu, Wallis & Futuna, and - Xinjiang; for 20-minute daylight saving time in Ghana before 1943; - for half-hour daylight saving time in Belize before 1944 and in - the Dominican Republic before 1975; and for Canary Islands before - 1946, for Guinea-Bissau before 1975, for Iceland before 1969, for - Indian Summer Time before 1942, for Indonesia before around 1964, - for Kenya before 1960, for Liberia before 1973, for Madeira before - 1967, for Namibia before 1943, for the Netherlands in 1937-9, for - Pakistan before 1971, for Western Sahara before 1977, and for - Zaporozhye in 1880-1924. - - For Alaska time from 1900 through 1967, instead of "CAT" use the - abbreviation "AST", the abbreviation commonly used at the time - (Atlantic Standard Time had not been standardized yet). Use "AWT" - and "APT" instead of the invented abbreviations "CAWT" and "CAPT". - - Use "CST" and "CDT" instead of invented abbreviations for Macau - before 1999 and Taiwan before 1938, and use "JST" instead of the - invented abbreviation "JCST" for Japan and Korea before 1938. - - Change to database entry category - - Move the Pacific/Johnston link from 'australasia' to 'backward', - since Johnston is now uninhabited. - - Changes to code - - zic no longer mishandles some transitions in January 2038 when it - attempts to work around Qt bug 53071. This fixes a bug affecting - Pacific/Tongatapu that was introduced in zic 2016e. localtime.c - now contains a workaround, useful when loading a file generated by - a buggy zic. (Problem and localtime.c fix reported by Bradley - White.) - - zdump -i now outputs non-hour numeric time zone abbreviations - without a colon, e.g., "+0530" rather than "+05:30". This agrees - with zic %z and with common practice, and simplifies auditing of - zdump output. - - zdump is now buildable again with -DUSE_LTZ=0. - (Problem reported by Joseph Myers.) - - zdump.c now always includes private.h, to avoid code duplication - with private.h. (Problem reported by Kees Dekker.) - - localtime.c no longer mishandles early or late timestamps - when TZ is set to a POSIX-style string that specifies DST. - (Problem reported by Kees Dekker.) - - date and strftime now cause %z to generate "-0000" instead of - "+0000" when the UT offset is zero and the time zone abbreviation - begins with "-". - - Changes to documentation and commentary - - The 'Theory' file now better documents choice of historical time - zone abbreviations. (Problems reported by Michael Deckers.) - - tz-link.htm now covers leap smearing, which is popular in clouds. - - -Release 2016j - 2016-11-22 23:17:13 -0800 - - Briefly: Saratov, Russia moves from +03 to +04 on 2016-12-04. - - Changes to future timestamps - - Saratov, Russia switches from +03 to +04 on 2016-12-04 at 02:00. - This hives off a new zone Europe/Saratov from Europe/Volgograd. - (Thanks to Yuri Konotopov and Stepan Golosunov.) - - Changes to past timestamps - - The new zone Asia/Atyrau for Atyraū Region, Kazakhstan, is like - Asia/Aqtau except it switched from +05/+06 to +04/+05 in spring - 1999, not fall 1994. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) - - Changes to past time zone abbreviations - - Asia/Gaza and Asia/Hebron now use "EEST", not "EET", to denote - summer time before 1948. The old use of "EET" was a typo. - - Changes to code - - zic no longer mishandles file systems that lack hard links, fixing - bugs introduced in 2016g. (Problems reported by Tom Lane.) - Also, when the destination already contains symbolic links, zic - should now work better on systems where the 'link' system call - does not follow symbolic links. - - Changes to documentation and commentary - - tz-link.htm now documents the relationship between release version - numbers and development-repository commit tags. (Suggested by - Paul Koning.) - - The 'Theory' file now documents UT. - - iso3166.tab now accents "Curaçao", and commentary now mentions - the names "Cabo Verde" and "Czechia". (Thanks to Jiří Boháč.) - - -Release 2016i - 2016-11-01 23:19:52 -0700 - - Briefly: Cyprus split into two time zones on 2016-10-30, and Tonga - reintroduces DST on 2016-11-06. - - Changes to future timestamps - - Pacific/Tongatapu begins DST on 2016-11-06 at 02:00, ending on - 2017-01-15 at 03:00. Assume future observances in Tonga will be - from the first Sunday in November through the third Sunday in - January, like Fiji. (Thanks to Pulu ʻAnau.) Switch to numeric - time zone abbreviations for this zone. - - Changes to past and future timestamps - - Northern Cyprus is now +03 year round, causing a split in Cyprus - time zones starting 2016-10-30 at 04:00. This creates a zone - Asia/Famagusta. (Thanks to Even Scharning and Matt Johnson.) - - Antarctica/Casey switched from +08 to +11 on 2016-10-22. - (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Changes to past timestamps - - Several corrections were made for pre-1975 timestamps in Italy. - These affect Europe/Malta, Europe/Rome, Europe/San_Marino, and - Europe/Vatican. - - First, the 1893-11-01 00:00 transition in Italy used the new UT - offset (+01), not the old (+00:49:56). (Thanks to Michael - Deckers.) - - Second, rules for daylight saving in Italy were changed to agree - with Italy's National Institute of Metrological Research (INRiM) - except for 1944, as follows (thanks to Pierpaolo Bernardi, Brian - Inglis, and Michael Deckers): - - The 1916-06-03 transition was at 24:00, not 00:00. - - The 1916-10-01, 1919-10-05, and 1920-09-19 transitions were at - 00:00, not 01:00. - - The 1917-09-30 and 1918-10-06 transitions were at 24:00, not - 01:00. - - The 1944-09-17 transition was at 03:00, not 01:00. This - particular change is taken from Italian law as INRiM's table, - (which says 02:00) appears to have a typo here. Also, keep the - 1944-04-03 transition for Europe/Rome, as Rome was controlled by - Germany then. - - The 1967-1970 and 1972-1974 fallback transitions were at 01:00, - not 00:00. - - Changes to code - - The code should now be buildable on AmigaOS merely by setting the - appropriate Makefile variables. (From a patch by Carsten Larsen.) - - -Release 2016h - 2016-10-19 23:17:57 -0700 - - Changes to future timestamps - - Asia/Gaza and Asia/Hebron end DST on 2016-10-29 at 01:00, not - 2016-10-21 at 00:00. (Thanks to Sharef Mustafa.) Predict that - future fall transitions will be on the last Saturday of October - at 01:00, which is consistent with predicted spring transitions - on the last Saturday of March. (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) - - Changes to past timestamps - - In Turkey, transitions in 1986-1990 were at 01:00 standard time - not at 02:00, and the spring 1994 transition was on March 20, not - March 27. (Thanks to Kıvanç Yazan.) - - Changes to past and future time zone abbreviations - - Asia/Colombo now uses numeric time zone abbreviations like "+0530" - instead of alphabetic ones like "IST" and "LKT". Various - English-language sources use "IST", "LKT" and "SLST", with no - working consensus. (Usage of "SLST" mentioned by Sadika - Sumanapala.) - - Changes to code - - zic no longer mishandles relativizing file names when creating - symbolic links like /etc/localtime, when these symbolic links - are outside the usual directory hierarchy. This fixes a bug - introduced in 2016g. (Problem reported by Andreas Stieger.) - - Changes to build procedure - - New rules 'traditional_tarballs' and 'traditional_signatures' for - building just the traditional-format distribution. (Requested by - Deborah Goldsmith.) - - The file 'version' is now put into the tzdata tarball too. - (Requested by Howard Hinnant.) - - Changes to documentation and commentary - - The 'Theory' file now has a section on interface stability. - (Requested by Paul Koning.) It also mentions features like - tm_zone and localtime_rz that have long been supported by the - reference code. - - tz-link.htm has improved coverage of time zone boundaries suitable - for geolocation. (Thanks to heads-ups from Evan Siroky and Matt - Johnson.) - - The US commentary now mentions Allen and the "day of two noons". - - The Fiji commentary mentions the government's 2016-10-03 press - release. (Thanks to Raymond Kumar.) - - -Release 2016g - 2016-09-13 08:56:38 -0700 - - Changes to future timestamps - - Turkey switched from EET/EEST (+02/+03) to permanent +03, - effective 2016-09-07. (Thanks to Burak AYDIN.) Use "+03" rather - than an invented abbreviation for the new time. - - New leap second 2016-12-31 23:59:60 UTC as per IERS Bulletin C 52. - (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) - - Changes to past timestamps - - For America/Los_Angeles, spring-forward transition times have been - corrected from 02:00 to 02:01 in 1948, and from 02:00 to 01:00 in - 1950-1966. - - For zones using Soviet time on 1919-07-01, transitions to UT-based - time were at 00:00 UT, not at 02:00 local time. The affected - zones are Europe/Kirov, Europe/Moscow, Europe/Samara, and - Europe/Ulyanovsk. (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky.) - - Changes to past and future time zone abbreviations - - The Factory zone now uses the time zone abbreviation -00 instead - of a long English-language string, as -00 is now the normal way to - represent an undefined time zone. - - Several zones in Antarctica and the former Soviet Union, along - with zones intended for ships at sea that cannot use POSIX TZ - strings, now use numeric time zone abbreviations instead of - invented or obsolete alphanumeric abbreviations. The affected - zones are Antarctica/Casey, Antarctica/Davis, - Antarctica/DumontDUrville, Antarctica/Mawson, Antarctica/Rothera, - Antarctica/Syowa, Antarctica/Troll, Antarctica/Vostok, - Asia/Anadyr, Asia/Ashgabat, Asia/Baku, Asia/Bishkek, Asia/Chita, - Asia/Dushanbe, Asia/Irkutsk, Asia/Kamchatka, Asia/Khandyga, - Asia/Krasnoyarsk, Asia/Magadan, Asia/Omsk, Asia/Sakhalin, - Asia/Samarkand, Asia/Srednekolymsk, Asia/Tashkent, Asia/Tbilisi, - Asia/Ust-Nera, Asia/Vladivostok, Asia/Yakutsk, Asia/Yekaterinburg, - Asia/Yerevan, Etc/GMT-14, Etc/GMT-13, Etc/GMT-12, Etc/GMT-11, - Etc/GMT-10, Etc/GMT-9, Etc/GMT-8, Etc/GMT-7, Etc/GMT-6, Etc/GMT-5, - Etc/GMT-4, Etc/GMT-3, Etc/GMT-2, Etc/GMT-1, Etc/GMT+1, Etc/GMT+2, - Etc/GMT+3, Etc/GMT+4, Etc/GMT+5, Etc/GMT+6, Etc/GMT+7, Etc/GMT+8, - Etc/GMT+9, Etc/GMT+10, Etc/GMT+11, Etc/GMT+12, Europe/Kaliningrad, - Europe/Minsk, Europe/Samara, Europe/Volgograd, and - Indian/Kerguelen. For Europe/Moscow the invented abbreviation MSM - was replaced by +05, whereas MSK and MSD were kept as they are not - our invention and are widely used. - - Changes to zone names - - Rename Asia/Rangoon to Asia/Yangon, with a backward compatibility link. - (Thanks to David Massoud.) - - Changes to code - - zic no longer generates binary files containing POSIX TZ-like - strings that disagree with the local time type after the last - explicit transition in the data. This fixes a bug with - Africa/Casablanca and Africa/El_Aaiun in some year-2037 timestamps - on the reference platform. (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for - reporting the bug and suggesting a way forward.) - - If the installed localtime and/or posixrules files are symbolic - links, zic now keeps them symbolic links when updating them, for - compatibility with platforms like OpenSUSE where other programs - configure these files as symlinks. - - zic now avoids hard linking to symbolic links, avoids some - unnecessary mkdir and stat system calls, and uses shorter file - names internally. - - zdump has a new -i option to generate transitions in a - more-compact but still human-readable format. This option is - experimental, and the output format may change in future versions. - (Thanks to Jon Skeet for suggesting that an option was needed, - and thanks to Tim Parenti and Chris Rovick for further comments.) - - Changes to build procedure - - An experimental distribution format is available, in addition - to the traditional format which will continue to be distributed. - The new format is a tarball tzdb-VERSION.tar.lz with signature - file tzdb-VERSION.tar.lz.asc. It unpacks to a top-level directory - tzdb-VERSION containing the code and data of the traditional - two-tarball format, along with extra data that may be useful. - (Thanks to Antonio Diaz Diaz, Oscar van Vlijmen, and many others - for comments about the experimental format.) - - The release version number is now more accurate in the usual case - where releases are built from a Git repository. For example, if - 23 commits and some working-file changes have been made since - release 2016g, the version number is now something like - '2016g-23-g50556e3-dirty' instead of the misleading '2016g'. - Tagged releases use the same version number format as before, - e.g., '2016g'. To support the more-accurate version number, its - specification has moved from a line in the Makefile to a new - source file 'version'. - - The experimental distribution contains a file to2050.tzs that - contains what should be the output of 'zdump -i -c 2050' on - primary zones. If this file is available, 'make check' now checks - that zdump generates this output. - - 'make check_web' now works on Fedora-like distributions. - - Changes to documentation and commentary - - tzfile.5 now documents the new restriction on POSIX TZ-like - strings that is now implemented by zic. - - Comments now cite URLs for some 1917-1921 Russian DST decrees. - (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky.) - - tz-link.htm mentions JuliaTime (thanks to Curtis Vogt) and Time4J - (thanks to Meno Hochschild) and ThreeTen-Extra, and its - description of Java 8 has been brought up to date (thanks to - Stephen Colebourne). Its description of local time on Mars has - been updated to match current practice, and URLs have been updated - and some obsolete ones removed. - - -Release 2016f - 2016-07-05 16:26:51 +0200 - - Changes affecting future timestamps - - The Egyptian government changed its mind on short notice, and - Africa/Cairo will not introduce DST starting 2016-07-07 after all. - (Thanks to Mina Samuel.) - - Asia/Novosibirsk switches from +06 to +07 on 2016-07-24 at 02:00. - (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) - - Changes to past and future timestamps - - Asia/Novokuznetsk and Asia/Novosibirsk now use numeric time zone - abbreviations instead of invented ones. - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - Europe/Minsk's 1992-03-29 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 not 00:00. - (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) - - -Release 2016e - 2016-06-14 08:46:16 -0700 - - Changes affecting future timestamps - - Africa/Cairo observes DST in 2016 from July 7 to the end of October. - Guess October 27 and 24:00 transitions. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - For future years, guess April's last Thursday to October's last - Thursday except for Ramadan. - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - Locations while uninhabited now use '-00', not 'zzz', as a - placeholder time zone abbreviation. This is inspired by Internet - RFC 3339 and is more consistent with numeric time zone - abbreviations already used elsewhere. The change affects several - arctic and antarctic locations, e.g., America/Cambridge_Bay before - 1920 and Antarctica/Troll before 2005. - - Asia/Baku's 1992-09-27 transition from +04 (DST) to +04 (non-DST) was - at 03:00, not 23:00 the previous day. (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) - - Changes to code - - zic now outputs a dummy transition at time 2**31 - 1 in zones - whose POSIX-style TZ strings contain a '<'. This mostly works - around Qt bug 53071 . - (Thanks to Zhanibek Adilbekov for reporting the Qt bug.) - - Changes affecting documentation and commentary - - tz-link.htm says why governments should give plenty of notice for - time zone or DST changes, and refers to Matt Johnson's blog post. - - tz-link.htm mentions Tzdata for Elixir. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) - - -Release 2016d - 2016-04-17 22:50:29 -0700 - - Changes affecting future timestamps - - America/Caracas switches from -0430 to -04 on 2016-05-01 at 02:30. - (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev for the heads-up.) - - Asia/Magadan switches from +10 to +11 on 2016-04-24 at 02:00. - (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev and Matt Johnson.) - - New zone Asia/Tomsk, split off from Asia/Novosibirsk. It covers - Tomsk Oblast, Russia, which switches from +06 to +07 on 2016-05-29 - at 02:00. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - New zone Europe/Kirov, split off from Europe/Volgograd. It covers - Kirov Oblast, Russia, which switched from +04/+05 to +03/+04 on - 1989-03-26 at 02:00, roughly a year after Europe/Volgograd made - the same change. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) - - Russia and nearby locations had daylight-saving transitions on - 1992-03-29 at 02:00 and 1992-09-27 at 03:00, instead of on - 1992-03-28 at 23:00 and 1992-09-26 at 23:00. (Thanks to Stepan - Golosunov.) - - Many corrections to historical time in Kazakhstan from 1991 - through 2005. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) Replace Kazakhstan's - invented time zone abbreviations with numeric abbreviations. - - Changes to commentary - - Mention Internet RFCs 7808 (TZDIST) and 7809 (CalDAV time zone references). - - -Release 2016c - 2016-03-23 00:51:27 -0700 - - Changes affecting future timestamps - - Azerbaijan no longer observes DST. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Chile reverts from permanent to seasonal DST. (Thanks to Juan - Correa for the heads-up, and to Tim Parenti for corrections.) - Guess that future transitions are August's and May's second - Saturdays at 24:00 mainland time. Also, call the period from - 2014-09-07 through 2016-05-14 daylight saving time instead of - standard time, as that seems more appropriate now. - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - Europe/Kaliningrad and Europe/Vilnius changed from +03/+04 to - +02/+03 on 1989-03-26, not 1991-03-31. Europe/Volgograd changed - from +04/+05 to +03/+04 on 1988-03-27, not 1989-03-26. - (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) - - Changes to commentary - - Several updates and URLs for historical and proposed Russian changes. - (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov, Matt Johnson, and Alexander Krivenyshev.) - - -Release 2016b - 2016-03-12 17:30:14 -0800 - - Compatibility note - - Starting with release 2016b, some data entries cause zic implementations - derived from tz releases 2005j through 2015e to issue warnings like - "time zone abbreviation differs from POSIX standard (+03)". - These warnings should not otherwise affect zic's output and can safely be - ignored on today's platforms, as the warnings refer to a restriction in - POSIX.1-1988 that was removed in POSIX.1-2001. One way to suppress the - warnings is to upgrade to zic derived from tz releases 2015f and later. - - Changes affecting future timestamps - - New zones Europe/Astrakhan and Europe/Ulyanovsk for Astrakhan and - Ulyanovsk Oblasts, Russia, both of which will switch from +03 to +04 on - 2016-03-27 at 02:00 local time. They need distinct zones since their - post-1970 histories disagree. New zone Asia/Barnaul for Altai Krai and - Altai Republic, Russia, which will switch from +06 to +07 on the same date - and local time. The Astrakhan change is already official; the others have - passed the first reading in the State Duma and are extremely likely. - Also, Asia/Sakhalin moves from +10 to +11 on 2016-03-27 at 02:00. - (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev for the heads-up, and to Matt Johnson - and Stepan Golosunov for followup.) - - As a trial of a new system that needs less information to be made up, - the new zones use numeric time zone abbreviations like "+04" - instead of invented abbreviations like "ASTT". - - Haiti will not observe DST in 2016. (Thanks to Jean Antoine via - Steffen Thorsen.) - - Palestine's spring-forward transition on 2016-03-26 is at 01:00, not 00:00. - (Thanks to Hannah Kreitem.) Guess future transitions will be March's last - Saturday at 01:00, not March's last Friday at 24:00. - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - Europe/Chisinau observed DST during 1990, and switched from +04 to - +03 at 1990-05-06 02:00, instead of switching from +03 to +02. - (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) - - 1991 abbreviations in Europe/Samara should be SAMT/SAMST, not - KUYT/KUYST. (Thanks to Stepan Golosunov.) - - Changes to code - - tzselect's diagnostics and checking, and checktab.awk's checking, - have been improved. (Thanks to J William Piggott.) - - tzcode now builds under MinGW. (Thanks to Ian Abbott and Esben Haabendal.) - - tzselect now tests Julian-date TZ settings more accurately. - (Thanks to J William Piggott.) - - Changes to commentary - - Comments in zone tables have been improved. (Thanks to J William Piggott.) - - tzselect again limits its menu comments so that menus fit on a - 24×80 alphanumeric display. - - A new web page tz-how-to.html. (Thanks to Bill Seymour.) - - In the Theory file, the description of possible time zone abbreviations in - tzdata has been cleaned up, as the old description was unclear and - inconsistent. (Thanks to Alain Mouette for reporting the problem.) - - -Release 2016a - 2016-01-26 23:28:02 -0800 - - Changes affecting future timestamps - - America/Cayman will not observe daylight saving this year after all. - Revert our guess that it would. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) - - Asia/Chita switches from +0800 to +0900 on 2016-03-27 at 02:00. - (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.) - - Asia/Tehran now has DST predictions for the year 2038 and later, - to be March 21 00:00 to September 21 00:00. This is likely better - than predicting no DST, albeit off by a day every now and then. - - Changes affecting past and future timestamps - - America/Metlakatla switched from PST all year to AKST/AKDT on - 2015-11-01 at 02:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - America/Santa_Isabel has been removed, and replaced with a - backward compatibility link to America/Tijuana. Its contents were - apparently based on a misreading of Mexican legislation. - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - Asia/Karachi's two transition times in 2002 were off by a minute. - (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) - - Changes affecting build procedure - - An installer can now combine leap seconds with use of the backzone file, - e.g., with 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone REDO=posix_right zones'. - The old 'make posix_packrat' rule is now marked as obsolescent. - (Thanks to Ian Abbott for an initial implementation.) - - Changes affecting documentation and commentary - - A new file LICENSE makes it easier to see that the code and data - are mostly public-domain. (Thanks to James Knight.) The three - non-public-domain files now use the current (3-clause) BSD license - instead of older versions of that license. - - tz-link.htm mentions the BDE library (thanks to Andrew Paprocki), - CCTZ (thanks to Tim Parenti), TimeJones.com, and has a new section - on editing tz source files (with a mention of Sublime zoneinfo, - thanks to Gilmore Davidson). - - The Theory and asia files now mention the 2015 book "The Global - Transformation of Time, 1870-1950", and cite a couple of reviews. - - The America/Chicago entry now documents the informal use of US - central time in Fort Pierre, South Dakota. (Thanks to Rick - McDermid, Matt Johnson, and Steve Jones.) - - -Release 2015g - 2015-10-01 00:39:51 -0700 - - Changes affecting future timestamps - - Turkey's 2015 fall-back transition is scheduled for Nov. 8, not Oct. 25. - (Thanks to Fatih.) - - Norfolk moves from +1130 to +1100 on 2015-10-04 at 02:00 local time. - (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.) - - Fiji's 2016 fall-back transition is scheduled for January 17, not 24. - (Thanks to Ken Rylander.) - - Fort Nelson, British Columbia will not fall back on 2015-11-01. It has - effectively been on MST (-0700) since it advanced its clocks on 2015-03-08. - New zone America/Fort_Nelson. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - Norfolk observed DST from 1974-10-27 02:00 to 1975-03-02 02:00. - - Changes affecting code - - localtime no longer mishandles America/Anchorage after 2037. - (Thanks to Bradley White for reporting the bug.) - - On hosts with signed 32-bit time_t, localtime no longer mishandles - Pacific/Fiji after 2038-01-16 14:00 UTC. - - The localtime module allows the variables 'timezone', 'daylight', - and 'altzone' to be in common storage shared with other modules, - and declares them in case the system does not. - (Problems reported by Kees Dekker.) - - On platforms with tm_zone, strftime.c now assumes it is not NULL. - This simplifies the code and is consistent with zdump.c. - (Problem reported by Christos Zoulas.) - - Changes affecting documentation - - The tzfile man page now documents that transition times denote the - starts (not the ends) of the corresponding time periods. - (Ambiguity reported by Bill Seymour.) - - -Release 2015f - 2015-08-10 18:06:56 -0700 - - Changes affecting future timestamps - - North Korea switches to +0830 on 2015-08-15. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - The abbreviation remains "KST". (Thanks to Robert Elz.) - - Uruguay no longer observes DST. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen - and Pablo Camargo.) - - Changes affecting past and future timestamps - - Moldova starts and ends DST at 00:00 UTC, not at 01:00 UTC. - (Thanks to Roman Tudos.) - - Changes affecting data format and code - - zic's '-y YEARISTYPE' option is no longer documented. The TYPE - field of a Rule line should now be '-'; the old values 'even', - 'odd', 'uspres', 'nonpres', 'nonuspres' were already undocumented. - Although the implementation has not changed, these features do not - work in the default installation, they are not used in the data, - and they are now considered obsolescent. - - zic now checks that two rules don't take effect at the same time. - (Thanks to Jon Skeet and Arthur David Olson.) Constraints on - simultaneity are now documented. - - The two characters '%z' in a zone format now stand for the UT - offset, e.g., '-07' for seven hours behind UT and '+0530' for - five hours and thirty minutes ahead. This better supports time - zone abbreviations conforming to POSIX.1-2001 and later. - - Changes affecting installed data files - - Comments for America/Halifax and America/Glace_Bay have been improved. - (Thanks to Brian Inglis.) - - Data entries have been simplified for Atlantic/Canary, Europe/Simferopol, - Europe/Sofia, and Europe/Tallinn. This yields slightly smaller - installed data files for Europe/Simferopol and Europe/Tallinn. - It does not affect timestamps. (Thanks to Howard Hinnant.) - - Changes affecting code - - zdump and zic no longer warn about valid time zone abbreviations - like '-05'. - - Some Visual Studio 2013 warnings have been suppressed. - (Thanks to Kees Dekker.) - - 'date' no longer sets the time of day and its -a, -d, -n and -t - options have been removed. Long obsolescent, the implementation - of these features had porting problems. Builders no longer need - to configure HAVE_ADJTIME, HAVE_SETTIMEOFDAY, or HAVE_UTMPX_H. - (Thanks to Kees Dekker for pointing out the problem.) - - Changes affecting documentation - - The Theory file mentions naming issues earlier, as these seem to be - poorly publicized (thanks to Gilmore Davidson for reporting the problem). - - tz-link.htm mentions Time Zone Database Parser (thanks to Howard Hinnant). - - Mention that Herbert Samuel introduced the term "Summer Time". - - -Release 2015e - 2015-06-13 10:56:02 -0700 - - Changes affecting future timestamps - - Morocco will suspend DST from 2015-06-14 03:00 through 2015-07-19 02:00, - not 06-13 and 07-18 as we had guessed. (Thanks to Milamber.) - - Assume Cayman Islands will observe DST starting next year, using US rules. - Although it isn't guaranteed, it is the most likely. - - Changes affecting data format - - The file 'iso3166.tab' now uses UTF-8, so that its entries can better - spell the names of Åland Islands, Côte d'Ivoire, and Réunion. - - Changes affecting code - - When displaying data, tzselect converts it to the current locale's - encoding if the iconv command works. (Problem reported by random832.) - - tzselect no longer mishandles Dominica, fixing a bug introduced - in Release 2014f. (Problem reported by Owen Leibman.) - - zic -l no longer fails when compiled with -DTZDEFAULT=\"/etc/localtime\". - This fixes a bug introduced in Release 2014f. - (Problem reported by Leonardo Chiquitto.) - - -Release 2015d - 2015-04-24 08:09:46 -0700 - - Changes affecting future timestamps - - Egypt will not observe DST in 2015 and will consider canceling it - permanently. For now, assume no DST indefinitely. - (Thanks to Ahmed Nazmy and Tim Parenti.) - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - America/Whitehorse switched from UT -09 to -08 on 1967-05-28, not - 1966-07-01. Also, Yukon's time zone history is documented better. - (Thanks to Brian Inglis and Dennis Ferguson.) - - Change affecting past and future time zone abbreviations - - The abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian standard and daylight times - have been changed from HAST/HADT to HST/HDT, as per US Government - Printing Office style. This affects only America/Adak since 1983, - as America/Honolulu was already using the new style. - - Changes affecting code - - zic has some minor performance improvements. - - -Release 2015c - 2015-04-11 08:55:55 -0700 - - Changes affecting future timestamps - - Egypt's spring-forward transition is at 24:00 on April's last Thursday, - not 00:00 on April's last Friday. 2015's transition will therefore be on - Thursday, April 30 at 24:00, not Friday, April 24 at 00:00. Similar fixes - apply to 2026, 2037, 2043, etc. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - The following changes affect some pre-1991 Chile-related timestamps - in America/Santiago, Antarctica/Palmer, and Pacific/Easter. - - The 1910 transition was January 10, not January 1. - - The 1918 transition was September 10, not September 1. - - The UT -04 time observed from 1932 to 1942 is now considered to - be standard time, not year-round DST. - - Santiago observed DST (UT -03) from 1946-07-15 through - 1946-08-31, then reverted to standard time, then switched to -05 - on 1947-04-01. - - Assume transitions before 1968 were at 00:00, since we have no data - saying otherwise. - - The spring 1988 transition was 1988-10-09, not 1988-10-02. - The fall 1990 transition was 1990-03-11, not 1990-03-18. - - Assume no UT offset change for Pacific/Easter on 1890-01-01, - and omit all transitions on Pacific/Easter from 1942 through 1946 - since we have no data suggesting that they existed. - - One more zone has been turned into a link, as it differed - from an existing zone only for older timestamps. As usual, - this change affects UT offsets in pre-1970 timestamps only. - The zone's old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. - The affected zone is America/Montreal. - - Changes affecting commentary - - Mention the TZUpdater tool. - - Mention "The Time Now". (Thanks to Brandon Ramsey.) - - -Release 2015b - 2015-03-19 23:28:11 -0700 - - Changes affecting future timestamps - - Mongolia will start observing DST again this year, from the last - Saturday in March at 02:00 to the last Saturday in September at 00:00. - (Thanks to Ganbold Tsagaankhuu.) - - Palestine will start DST on March 28, not March 27. Also, - correct the fall 2014 transition from September 26 to October 24. - Adjust future predictions accordingly. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - The 1982 zone shift in Pacific/Easter has been corrected, fixing a 2015a - regression. (Thanks to Stuart Bishop for reporting the problem.) - - Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed - from existing zones only for older timestamps. As usual, - these changes affect UT offsets in pre-1970 timestamps only. - Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. - The affected zones are: America/Antigua, America/Cayman, - Pacific/Midway, and Pacific/Saipan. - - Changes affecting time zone abbreviations - - Correct the 1992-2010 DST abbreviation in Volgograd from "MSK" to "MSD". - (Thanks to Hank W.) - - Changes affecting code - - Fix integer overflow bug in reference 'mktime' implementation. - (Problem reported by Jörg Richter.) - - Allow -Dtime_tz=time_t compilations, and allow -Dtime_tz=... libraries - to be used in the same executable as standard-library time_t functions. - (Problems reported by Bradley White.) - - Changes affecting commentary - - Cite the recent Mexican decree changing Quintana Roo's time zone. - (Thanks to Carlos Raúl Perasso.) - - Likewise for the recent Chilean decree. (Thanks to Eduardo Romero Urra.) - - Update info about Mars time. - - -Release 2015a - 2015-01-29 22:35:20 -0800 - - Changes affecting future timestamps - - The Mexican state of Quintana Roo, represented by America/Cancun, - will shift from Central Time with DST to Eastern Time without DST - on 2015-02-01 at 02:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen and Gwillim Law.) - - Chile will not change clocks in April or thereafter; its new standard time - will be its old daylight saving time. This affects America/Santiago, - Pacific/Easter, and Antarctica/Palmer. (Thanks to Juan Correa.) - - New leap second 2015-06-30 23:59:60 UTC as per IERS Bulletin C 49. - (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - Iceland observed DST in 1919 and 1921, and its 1939 fallback - transition was Oct. 29, not Nov. 29. Remove incorrect data from - Shanks about time in Iceland between 1837 and 1908. - - Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed - from existing zones only for older timestamps. As usual, - these changes affect UT offsets in pre-1970 timestamps only. - Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. - The affected zones are: Asia/Aden, Asia/Bahrain, Asia/Kuwait, - and Asia/Muscat. - - Changes affecting code - - tzalloc now scrubs time zone abbreviations compatibly with the way - that tzset always has, by replacing invalid bytes with '_' and by - shortening too-long abbreviations. - - tzselect ports to POSIX awk implementations, no longer mishandles - POSIX TZ settings when GNU awk is used, and reports POSIX TZ - settings to the user. (Thanks to Stefan Kuhn.) - - Changes affecting build procedure - - 'make check' now checks for links to links in the data. - One such link (for Africa/Asmera) has been fixed. - (Thanks to Stephen Colebourne for pointing out the problem.) - - Changes affecting commentary - - The leapseconds file commentary now mentions the expiration date. - (Problem reported by Martin Burnicki.) - - Update Mexican Library of Congress URL. - - -Release 2014j - 2014-11-10 17:37:11 -0800 - - Changes affecting current and future timestamps - - Turks & Caicos' switch from US eastern time to UT -04 year-round - did not occur on 2014-11-02 at 02:00. It's currently scheduled - for 2015-11-01 at 02:00. (Thanks to Chris Walton.) - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - Many pre-1989 timestamps have been corrected for Asia/Seoul and - Asia/Pyongyang, based on sources for the Korean-language Wikipedia - entry for time in Korea. (Thanks to Sanghyuk Jung.) Also, no - longer guess that Pyongyang mimicked Seoul time after World War II, - as this is politically implausible. - - Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed - from existing zones only for older timestamps. As usual, - these changes affect UT offsets in pre-1970 timestamps only. - Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. - The affected zones are: Africa/Addis_Ababa, Africa/Asmara, - Africa/Dar_es_Salaam, Africa/Djibouti, Africa/Kampala, - Africa/Mogadishu, Indian/Antananarivo, Indian/Comoro, and - Indian/Mayotte. - - Changes affecting commentary - - The commentary is less enthusiastic about Shanks as a source, - and is more careful to distinguish UT from UTC. - - -Release 2014i - 2014-10-21 22:04:57 -0700 - - Changes affecting future timestamps - - Pacific/Fiji will observe DST from 2014-11-02 02:00 to 2015-01-18 03:00. - (Thanks to Ken Rylander for the heads-up.) Guess that future - years will use a similar pattern. - - A new Zone Pacific/Bougainville, for the part of Papua New Guinea - that plans to switch from UT +10 to +11 on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. - (Thanks to Kiley Walbom for the heads-up.) - - Changes affecting time zone abbreviations - - Since Belarus is not changing its clocks even though Moscow is, - the time zone abbreviation in Europe/Minsk is changing from FET - to its more-traditional value MSK on 2014-10-26 at 01:00. - (Thanks to Alexander Bokovoy for the heads-up about Belarus.) - - The new abbreviation IDT stands for the pre-1976 use of UT +08 in - Indochina, to distinguish it better from ICT (+07). - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - Many timestamps have been corrected for Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh before 1976 - (thanks to Trần Ngọc Quân for an indirect pointer to Trần Tiến Bình's - authoritative book). Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh has been added to - zone1970.tab, to give tzselect users in Vietnam two choices, - since north and south Vietnam disagreed after our 1970 cutoff. - - Asia/Phnom_Penh and Asia/Vientiane have been turned into links, as - they differed from existing zones only for older timestamps. As - usual, these changes affect pre-1970 timestamps only. Their old - contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. - - Changes affecting code - - The time-related library functions now set errno on failure, and - some crashes in the new tzalloc-related library functions have - been fixed. (Thanks to Christos Zoulas for reporting most of - these problems and for suggesting fixes.) - - If USG_COMPAT is defined and the requested timestamp is standard time, - the tz library's localtime and mktime functions now set the extern - variable timezone to a value appropriate for that timestamp; and - similarly for ALTZONE, daylight saving time, and the altzone variable. - This change is a companion to the tzname change in 2014h, and is - designed to make timezone and altzone more compatible with tzname. - - The tz library's functions now set errno to EOVERFLOW if they fail - because the result cannot be represented. ctime and ctime_r now - return NULL and set errno when a timestamp is out of range, rather - than having undefined behavior. - - Some bugs associated with the new 2014g functions have been fixed. - This includes a bug that largely incapacitated the new functions - time2posix_z and posix2time_z. (Thanks to Christos Zoulas.) - It also includes some uses of uninitialized variables after tzalloc. - The new code uses the standard type 'ssize_t', which the Makefile - now gives porting advice about. - - Changes affecting commentary - - Updated URLs for NRC Canada (thanks to Matt Johnson and Brian Inglis). - - -Release 2014h - 2014-09-25 18:59:03 -0700 - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - America/Jamaica's 1974 spring-forward transition was Jan. 6, not Apr. 28. - - Shanks says Asia/Novokuznetsk switched from LMT (not "NMT") on 1924-05-01, - not 1920-01-06. The old entry was based on a misinterpretation of Shanks. - - Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed - from existing zones only for older timestamps. As usual, - these changes affect UT offsets in pre-1970 timestamps only. - Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. - The affected zones are: Africa/Blantyre, Africa/Bujumbura, - Africa/Gaborone, Africa/Harare, Africa/Kigali, Africa/Lubumbashi, - Africa/Lusaka, Africa/Maseru, and Africa/Mbabane. - - Changes affecting code - - zdump -V and -v now output gmtoff= values on all platforms, - not merely on platforms defining TM_GMTOFF. - - The tz library's localtime and mktime functions now set tzname to a value - appropriate for the requested timestamp, and zdump now uses this - on platforms not defining TM_ZONE, fixing a 2014g regression. - (Thanks to Tim Parenti for reporting the problem.) - - The tz library no longer sets tzname if localtime or mktime fails. - - zdump -c no longer mishandles transitions near year boundaries. - (Thanks to Tim Parenti for reporting the problem.) - - An access to uninitialized data has been fixed. - (Thanks to Jörg Richter for reporting the problem.) - - When THREAD_SAFE is defined, the code ports to the C11 memory model. - A memory leak has been fixed if ALL_STATE and THREAD_SAFE are defined - and two threads race to initialize data used by gmtime-like functions. - (Thanks to Andy Heninger for reporting the problems.) - - Changes affecting build procedure - - 'make check' now checks better for properly-sorted data. - - Changes affecting documentation and commentary - - zdump's gmtoff=N output is now documented, and its isdst=D output - is now documented to possibly output D values other than 0 or 1. - - zdump -c's treatment of years is now documented to use the - Gregorian calendar and Universal Time without leap seconds, - and its behavior at cutoff boundaries is now documented better. - (Thanks to Arthur David Olson and Tim Parenti for reporting the problems.) - - Programs are now documented to use the proleptic Gregorian calendar. - (Thanks to Alan Barrett for the suggestion.) - - Fractional-second GMT offsets have been documented for civil time - in 19th-century Chennai, Jakarta, and New York. - - -Release 2014g - 2014-08-28 12:31:23 -0700 - - Changes affecting future timestamps - - Turks & Caicos is switching from US eastern time to UT -04 - year-round, modeled as a switch on 2014-11-02 at 02:00. - [As noted in 2014j, this switch was later delayed.] - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - Time in Russia or the USSR before 1926 or so has been corrected by - a few seconds in the following zones: Asia/Irkutsk, - Asia/Krasnoyarsk, Asia/Omsk, Asia/Samarkand, Asia/Tbilisi, - Asia/Vladivostok, Asia/Yakutsk, Europe/Riga, Europe/Samara. For - Asia/Yekaterinburg the correction is a few minutes. (Thanks to - Vladimir Karpinsky.) - - The Portuguese decree of 1911-05-26 took effect on 1912-01-01. - This affects 1911 timestamps in Africa/Bissau, Africa/Luanda, - Atlantic/Azores, and Atlantic/Madeira. Also, Lisbon's pre-1912 - GMT offset was -0:36:45 (rounded from -0:36:44.68), not -0:36:32. - (Thanks to Stephen Colebourne for pointing to the decree.) - - Asia/Dhaka ended DST on 2009-12-31 at 24:00, not 23:59. - - A new file 'backzone' contains data which may appeal to - connoisseurs of old timestamps, although it is out of scope for - the tz database, is often poorly sourced, and contains some data - that is known to be incorrect. The new file is not recommended - for ordinary use and its entries are not installed by default. - (Thanks to Lester Caine for the high-quality Jersey, Guernsey, and - Isle of Man entries.) - - Some more zones have been turned into links, when they differed - from existing zones only for older timestamps. As usual, - these changes affect UT offsets in pre-1970 timestamps only. - Their old contents have been moved to the 'backzone' file. - The affected zones are: Africa/Bangui, Africa/Brazzaville, - Africa/Douala, Africa/Kinshasa, Africa/Libreville, Africa/Luanda, - Africa/Malabo, Africa/Niamey, and Africa/Porto-Novo. - - Changes affecting code - - Unless NETBSD_INSPIRED is defined to 0, the tz library now - supplies functions for creating and using objects that represent - timezones. The new functions are tzalloc, tzfree, localtime_rz, - mktime_z, and (if STD_INSPIRED is also defined) posix2time_z and - time2posix_z. They are intended for performance: for example, - localtime_rz (unlike localtime_r) is trivially thread-safe without - locking. (Thanks to Christos Zoulas for proposing NetBSD-inspired - functions, and to Alan Barrett and Jonathan Lennox for helping to - debug the change.) - - zdump now builds with the tz library unless USE_LTZ is defined to 0, - This lets zdump use tz features even if the system library lacks them. - To build zdump with the system library, use 'make CFLAGS=-DUSE_LTZ=0 - TZDOBJS=zdump.o CHECK_TIME_T_ALTERNATIVES='. - - zdump now uses localtime_rz if available, as it's significantly faster, - and it can help zdump better diagnose invalid timezone names. - Define HAVE_LOCALTIME_RZ to 0 to suppress this. HAVE_LOCALTIME_RZ - defaults to 1 if NETBSD_INSPIRED && USE_LTZ. When localtime_rz is - not available, zdump now uses localtime_r and tzset if available, - as this is a bit cleaner and faster than plain localtime. Compile - with -DHAVE_LOCALTIME_R=0 and/or -DHAVE_TZSET=0 if your system - lacks these two functions. - - If THREAD_SAFE is defined to 1, the tz library is now thread-safe. - Although not needed for tz's own applications, which are single-threaded, - this supports POSIX better if the tz library is used in multithreaded apps. - - Some crashes have been fixed when zdump or the tz library is given - invalid or outlandish input. - - The tz library no longer mishandles leap seconds on platforms with - unsigned time_t in timezones that lack ordinary transitions after 1970. - - The tz code now attempts to infer TM_GMTOFF and TM_ZONE if not - already defined, to make it easier to configure on common platforms. - Define NO_TM_GMTOFF and NO_TM_ZONE to suppress this. - - Unless the new macro UNINIT_TRAP is defined to 1, the tz code now - assumes that reading uninitialized memory yields garbage values - but does not cause other problems such as traps. - - If TM_GMTOFF is defined and UNINIT_TRAP is 0, mktime is now - more likely to guess right for ambiguous timestamps near - transitions where tm_isdst does not change. - - If HAVE_STRFTIME_L is defined to 1, the tz library now defines - strftime_l for compatibility with recent versions of POSIX. - Only the C locale is supported, though. HAVE_STRFTIME_L defaults - to 1 on recent POSIX versions, and to 0 otherwise. - - tzselect -c now uses a hybrid distance measure that works better - in Africa. (Thanks to Alan Barrett for noting the problem.) - - The C source code now ports to NetBSD when GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS is used, - or when time_tz is defined. - - When HAVE_UTMPX_H is set the 'date' command now builds on systems - whose file does not define WTMPX_FILE, and when setting - the date it updates the wtmpx file if _PATH_WTMPX is defined. - This affects GNU/Linux and similar systems. - - For easier maintenance later, some C code has been simplified, - some lint has been removed, and the code has been tweaked so that - plain 'make' is more likely to work. - - The C type 'bool' is now used for boolean values, instead of 'int'. - - The long-obsolete LOCALE_HOME code has been removed. - - The long-obsolete 'gtime' function has been removed. - - Changes affecting build procedure - - 'zdump' no longer links in ialloc.o, as it's not needed. - - 'make check_time_t_alternatives' no longer assumes GNU diff. - - Changes affecting distribution tarballs - - The files checktab.awk and zoneinfo2tdf.pl are now distributed in - the tzdata tarball instead of the tzcode tarball, since they help - maintain the data. The NEWS and Theory files are now also - distributed in the tzdata tarball, as they're relevant for data. - (Thanks to Alan Barrett for pointing this out.) Also, the - leapseconds.awk file is no longer distributed in the tzcode - tarball, since it belongs in the tzdata tarball (where 2014f - inadvertently also distributed it). - - Changes affecting documentation and commentary - - A new file CONTRIBUTING is distributed. (Thanks to Tim Parenti for - suggesting a CONTRIBUTING file, and to Tony Finch and Walter Harms - for debugging it.) - - The man pages have been updated to use function prototypes, - to document thread-safe variants like localtime_r, and to document - the NetBSD-inspired functions tzalloc, tzfree, localtime_rz, and - mktime_z. - - The fields in Link lines have been renamed to be more descriptive - and more like the parameters of 'ln'. LINK-FROM has become TARGET, - and LINK-TO has become LINK-NAME. - - tz-link.htm mentions the IETF's tzdist working group; Windows - Runtime etc. (thanks to Matt Johnson); and HP-UX's tztab. - - Some broken URLs have been fixed in the commentary. (Thanks to - Lester Caine.) - - Commentary about Philippines DST has been updated, and commentary - on pre-1970 time in India has been added. - - -Release 2014f - 2014-08-05 17:42:36 -0700 - - Changes affecting future timestamps - - Russia will subtract an hour from most of its time zones on 2014-10-26 - at 02:00 local time. (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.) - There are a few exceptions: Magadan Oblast (Asia/Magadan) and Zabaykalsky - Krai are subtracting two hours; conversely, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug - (Asia/Anadyr), Kamchatka Krai (Asia/Kamchatka), Kemerovo Oblast - (Asia/Novokuznetsk), and the Samara Oblast and the Udmurt Republic - (Europe/Samara) are not changing their clocks. The changed zones are - Europe/Kaliningrad, Europe/Moscow, Europe/Simferopol, Europe/Volgograd, - Asia/Yekaterinburg, Asia/Omsk, Asia/Novosibirsk, Asia/Krasnoyarsk, - Asia/Irkutsk, Asia/Yakutsk, Asia/Vladivostok, Asia/Khandyga, - Asia/Sakhalin, and Asia/Ust-Nera; Asia/Magadan will have two hours - subtracted; and Asia/Novokuznetsk's time zone abbreviation is affected, - but not its UTC offset. Two zones are added: Asia/Chita (split - from Asia/Yakutsk, and also with two hours subtracted) and - Asia/Srednekolymsk (split from Asia/Magadan, but with only one hour - subtracted). (Thanks to Tim Parenti for much of the above.) - - Changes affecting time zone abbreviations - - Australian eastern time zone abbreviations are now AEST/AEDT not EST, - and similarly for the other Australian zones. That is, for eastern - standard and daylight saving time the abbreviations are AEST and AEDT - instead of the former EST for both; similarly, ACST/ACDT, ACWST/ACWDT, - and AWST/AWDT are now used instead of the former CST, CWST, and WST. - This change does not affect UT offsets, only time zone abbreviations. - (Thanks to Rich Tibbett and many others.) - - Asia/Novokuznetsk shifts from NOVT to KRAT (remaining on UT +07) - effective 2014-10-26 at 02:00 local time. - - The time zone abbreviation for Xinjiang Time (observed in Ürümqi) - has been changed from URUT to XJT. (Thanks to Luther Ma.) - - Prefer MSK/MSD for Moscow time in Russia, even in other cities. - Similarly, prefer EET/EEST for eastern European time in Russia. - - Change time zone abbreviations in (western) Samoa to use "ST" and - "DT" suffixes, as this is more likely to match common practice. - Prefix "W" to (western) Samoa time when its standard-time offset - disagrees with that of American Samoa. - - America/Metlakatla now uses PST, not MeST, to abbreviate its time zone. - - Time zone abbreviations have been updated for Japan's two time - zones used 1896-1937. JWST now stands for Western Standard - Time, and JCST for Central Standard Time (formerly this was CJT). - These abbreviations are now used for time in Korea, Taiwan, - and Sakhalin while controlled by Japan. - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - China's five zones have been simplified to two, since the post-1970 - differences in the other three seem to have been imaginary. The - zones Asia/Harbin, Asia/Chongqing, and Asia/Kashgar have been - removed; backwards-compatibility links still work, albeit with - different behaviors for timestamps before May 1980. Asia/Urumqi's - 1980 transition to UT +08 has been removed, so that it is now at - +06 and not +08. (Thanks to Luther Ma and to Alois Treindl; - Treindl sent helpful translations of two papers by Guo Qingsheng.) - - Some zones have been turned into links, when they differed from existing - zones only for older UT offsets where data entries were likely invented. - These changes affect UT offsets in pre-1970 timestamps only. This is - similar to the change in release 2013e, except this time for western - Africa. The affected zones are: Africa/Bamako, Africa/Banjul, - Africa/Conakry, Africa/Dakar, Africa/Freetown, Africa/Lome, - Africa/Nouakchott, Africa/Ouagadougou, Africa/Sao_Tome, and - Atlantic/St_Helena. This also affects the backwards-compatibility - link Africa/Timbuktu. (Thanks to Alan Barrett, Stephen Colebourne, - Tim Parenti, and David Patte for reporting problems in earlier - versions of this change.) - - Asia/Shanghai's pre-standard-time UT offset has been changed from - 8:05:57 to 8:05:43, the location of Xujiahui Observatory. Its - transition to standard time has been changed from 1928 to 1901. - - Asia/Taipei switched to JWST on 1896-01-01, then to JST on 1937-10-01, - then to CST on 1945-09-21 at 01:00, and did not observe DST in 1945. - In 1946 it observed DST from 05-15 through 09-30; in 1947 - from 04-15 through 10-31; and in 1979 from 07-01 through 09-30. - (Thanks to Yu-Cheng Chuang.) - - Asia/Riyadh's transition to standard time is now 1947-03-14, not 1950. - - Europe/Helsinki's 1942 fall-back transition was 10-04 at 01:00, not - 10-03 at 00:00. (Thanks to Konstantin Hyppönen.) - - Pacific/Pago_Pago has been changed from UT -11:30 to -11 for the - period from 1911 to 1950. - - Pacific/Chatham has been changed to New Zealand standard time plus - 45 minutes for the period before 1957, reflecting a 1956 remark in - the New Zealand parliament. - - Europe/Budapest has several pre-1946 corrections: in 1918 the transition - out of DST was on 09-16, not 09-29; in 1919 it was on 11-24, not 09-15; in - 1945 it was on 11-01, not 11-03; in 1941 the transition to DST was 04-08 - not 04-06 at 02:00; and there was no DST in 1920. - - Africa/Accra is now assumed to have observed DST from 1920 through 1935. - - Time in Russia before 1927 or so has been corrected by a few seconds in - the following zones: Europe/Moscow, Asia/Irkutsk, Asia/Tbilisi, - Asia/Tashkent, Asia/Vladivostok, Asia/Yekaterinburg, Europe/Helsinki, and - Europe/Riga. Also, Moscow's location has been changed to its Kilometer 0 - point. (Thanks to Vladimir Karpinsky for the Moscow changes.) - - Changes affecting data format - - A new file 'zone1970.tab' supersedes 'zone.tab' in the installed data. - The new file's extended format allows multiple country codes per zone. - The older file is still installed but is deprecated; its format is - not changing and it will still be distributed for a while, but new - applications should use the new file. - - The new file format simplifies maintenance of obscure locations. - To test this, it adds coverage for the Crozet Islands and the - Scattered Islands. (Thanks to Tobias Conradi and Antoine Leca.) - - The file 'iso3166.tab' is planned to switch from ASCII to UTF-8. - It is still ASCII now, but commentary about the switch has been added. - The new file 'zone1970.tab' already uses UTF-8. - - Changes affecting code - - 'localtime', 'mktime', etc. now use much less stack space if ALL_STATE - is defined. (Thanks to Elliott Hughes for reporting the problem.) - - 'zic' no longer mishandles input when ignoring case in locales that - are not compatible with English, e.g., unibyte Turkish locales when - compiled with HAVE_GETTEXT. - - Error diagnostics of 'zic' and 'yearistype' have been reworded so that - they no longer use ASCII '-' as if it were a dash. - - 'zic' now rejects output file names that contain '.' or '..' components. - (Thanks to Tim Parenti for reporting the problem.) - - 'zic -v' now warns about output file names that do not follow - POSIX rules, or that contain a digit or '.'. (Thanks to Arthur - David Olson for starting the ball rolling on this.) - - Some lint has been removed when using GCC_DEBUG_FLAGS with GCC 4.9.0. - - Changes affecting build procedure - - 'zic' no longer links in localtime.o and asctime.o, as they're not needed. - (Thanks to John Cochran.) - - Changes affecting documentation and commentary - - The 'Theory' file documents legacy names, the longstanding - exceptions to the POSIX-inspired file name rules. - - The 'zic' documentation clarifies the role of time types when - interpreting dates. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) - - Documentation and commentary now prefer UTF-8 to US-ASCII, - allowing the use of proper accents in foreign words and names. - Code and data have not changed because of this. (Thanks to - Garrett Wollman, Ian Abbott, and Guy Harris for helping to debug - this.) - - Non-HTML documentation and commentary now use plain-text URLs instead of - HTML insertions, and are more consistent about bracketing URLs when they - are not already surrounded by white space. (Thanks to suggestions by - Steffen Nurpmeso.) - - There is new commentary about Xujiahui Observatory, the five time-zone - project in China from 1918 to 1949, timekeeping in Japanese-occupied - Shanghai, and Tibet Time in the 1950s. The sharp-eyed can spot the - warlord Jin Shuren in the data. - - Commentary about the coverage of each Russian zone has been standardized. - (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) - - There is new commentary about contemporary timekeeping in Ethiopia. - - Obsolete comments about a 2007 proposal for DST in Kuwait has been removed. - - There is new commentary about time in Poland in 1919. - - Proper credit has been given to DST inventor George Vernon Hudson. - - Commentary about time in Metlakatla, AK and Resolute, NU has been - improved, with a new source for the former. - - In zone.tab, Pacific/Easter no longer mentions Salas y Gómez, as it - is uninhabited. - - Commentary about permanent Antarctic bases has been updated. - - Several typos have been corrected. (Thanks to Tim Parenti for - contributing some of these fixes.) - - tz-link.htm now mentions the JavaScript libraries Moment Timezone, - TimezoneJS.Date, Walltime-js, and Timezone. (Thanks to a heads-up - from Matt Johnson.) Also, it mentions the Go 'latlong' package. - (Thanks to a heads-up from Dirkjan Ochtman.) - - The files usno1988, usno1989, usno1989a, usno1995, usno1997, and usno1998 - have been removed. These obsolescent US Naval Observatory entries were no - longer helpful for maintenance. (Thanks to Tim Parenti for the suggestion.) - - -Release 2014e - 2014-06-12 21:53:52 -0700 - - Changes affecting near-future timestamps - - Egypt's 2014 Ramadan-based transitions are June 26 and July 31 at 24:00. - (Thanks to Imed Chihi.) Guess that from 2015 on Egypt will temporarily - switch to standard time at 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and - back to DST at 00:00 the first Friday after Ramadan. - - Similarly, Morocco's are June 28 at 03:00 and August 2 at 02:00. (Thanks - to Milamber Space Network.) Guess that from 2015 on Morocco will - temporarily switch to standard time at 03:00 the last Saturday before - Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after Ramadan. - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - The abbreviation "MSM" (Moscow Midsummer Time) is now used instead of - "MSD" for Moscow's double daylight time in summer 1921. Also, a typo - "VLASST" has been repaired to be "VLAST" for Vladivostok summer time - in 1991. (Thanks to Hank W. for reporting the problems.) - - Changes affecting commentary - - tz-link.htm now cites RFC 7265 for jCal, mentions PTP and the - draft CalDAV extension, updates URLs for TSP, TZInfo, IATA, and - removes stale pointers to World Time Explorer and WORLDTIME. - - -Release 2014d - 2014-05-27 21:34:40 -0700 - - Changes affecting code - - zic no longer generates files containing timestamps before the Big Bang. - This works around GNOME glib bug 878 - - (Thanks to Leonardo Chiquitto for reporting the bug, and to - Arthur David Olson and James Cloos for suggesting improvements to the fix.) - - Changes affecting documentation - - tz-link.htm now mentions GNOME. - - -Release 2014c - 2014-05-13 07:44:13 -0700 - - Changes affecting near-future timestamps - - Egypt observes DST starting 2014-05-15 at 24:00. - (Thanks to Ahmad El-Dardiry and Gunther Vermier.) - Details have not been announced, except that DST will not be observed - during Ramadan. Guess that DST will stop during the same Ramadan dates as - Morocco, and that Egypt's future spring and fall transitions will be the - same as 2010 when it last observed DST, namely April's last Friday at - 00:00 to September's last Thursday at 23:00 standard time. Also, guess - that Ramadan transitions will be at 00:00 standard time. - - Changes affecting code - - zic now generates transitions for minimum time values, eliminating guesswork - when handling low-valued timestamps. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) - - Port to Cygwin sans glibc. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) - - Changes affecting commentary and documentation - - Remove now-confusing comment about Jordan. (Thanks to Oleksii Nochovnyi.) - - -Release 2014b - 2014-03-24 21:28:50 -0700 - - Changes affecting near-future timestamps - - Crimea switches to Moscow time on 2014-03-30 at 02:00 local time. - (Thanks to Alexander Krivenyshev.) Move its zone.tab entry from UA to RU. - - New entry for Troll station, Antarctica. (Thanks to Paul-Inge Flakstad and - Bengt-Inge Larsson.) This is currently an approximation; a better version - will require the zic and localtime fixes mentioned below, and the plan is - to wait for a while until at least the zic fixes propagate. - - Changes affecting code - - 'zic' and 'localtime' no longer reject locations needing four transitions - per year for the foreseeable future. (Thanks to Andrew Main (Zefram).) - Also, 'zic' avoids some unlikely failures due to integer overflow. - - Changes affecting build procedure - - 'make check' now detects Rule lines defined but never used. - The NZAQ rules, an instance of this problem, have been removed. - - Changes affecting commentary and documentation - - Fix Tuesday/Thursday typo in description of time in Israel. - (Thanks to Bert Katz via Pavel Kharitonov and Mike Frysinger.) - - Microsoft Windows 8.1 doesn't support tz database names. (Thanks - to Donald MacQueen.) Instead, the Microsoft Windows Store app - library supports them. - - Add comments about Johnston Island time in the 1960s. - (Thanks to Lyle McElhaney.) - - Morocco's 2014 DST start will be as predicted. - (Thanks to Sebastien Willemijns.) - - -Release 2014a - 2014-03-07 23:30:29 -0800 - - Changes affecting near-future timestamps - - Turkey begins DST on 2014-03-31, not 03-30. (Thanks to Faruk Pasin for - the heads-up, and to Tim Parenti for simplifying the update.) - - Changes affecting past timestamps - - Fiji ended DST on 2014-01-19 at 02:00, not the previously-scheduled 03:00. - (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Ukraine switched from Moscow to Eastern European time on 1990-07-01 - (not 1992-01-01), and observed DST during the entire next winter. - (Thanks to Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl.) - - In 1988 Israel observed DST from 04-10 to 09-04, not 04-09 to 09-03. - (Thanks to Avigdor Finkelstein.) - - Changes affecting code - - A uninitialized-storage bug in 'localtime' has been fixed. - (Thanks to Logan Chien.) - - Changes affecting the build procedure - - The settings for 'make check_web' now default to Ubuntu 13.10. - - Changes affecting commentary and documentation - - The boundary of the US Pacific time zone is given more accurately. - (Thanks to Alan Mintz.) - - Chile's 2014 DST will be as predicted. (Thanks to José Miguel Garrido.) - - Paraguay's 2014 DST will be as predicted. (Thanks to Carlos Raúl Perasso.) - - Better descriptions of countries with same time zone history as - Trinidad and Tobago since 1970. (Thanks to Alan Barrett for suggestion.) - - Several changes affect tz-link.htm, the main web page. - - Mention Time.is (thanks to Even Scharning) and WX-now (thanks to - David Braverman). - - Mention xCal (Internet RFC 6321) and jCal. - - Microsoft has some support for tz database names. - - CLDR data formats include both XML and JSON. - - Mention Maggiolo's map of solar vs standard time. - (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) - - Mention TZ4Net. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) - - Mention the timezone-olson Haskell package. - - Mention zeitverschiebung.net. (Thanks to Martin Jäger.) - - Remove moribund links to daylight-savings-time.info and to - Simple Timer + Clocks. - - Update two links. (Thanks to Oscar van Vlijmen.) - - Fix some formatting glitches, e.g., remove random newlines from - abbr elements' title attributes. - - -Release 2013i - 2013-12-17 07:25:23 -0800 - - Changes affecting near-future timestamps: - - Jordan switches back to standard time at 00:00 on December 20, 2013. - The 2006-2011 transition schedule is planned to resume in 2014. - (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Changes affecting past timestamps: - - In 2004, Cuba began DST on March 28, not April 4. - (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Changes affecting code - - The compile-time flag NOSOLAR has been removed, as nowadays the - benefit of slightly shrinking runtime table size is outweighed by the - cost of disallowing potential future updates that exceed old limits. - - Changes affecting documentation and commentary - - The files solar87, solar88, and solar89 are no longer distributed. - They were a negative experiment - that is, a demonstration that - tz data can represent solar time only with some difficulty and error. - Their presence in the distribution caused confusion, as Riyadh - civil time was generally not solar time in those years. - - tz-link.htm now mentions Noda Time. (Thanks to Matt Johnson.) - - -Release 2013h - 2013-10-25 15:32:32 -0700 - - Changes affecting current and future timestamps: - - Libya has switched its UT offset back to +02 without DST, instead - of +01 with DST. (Thanks to Even Scharning.) - - Western Sahara (Africa/El_Aaiun) uses Morocco's DST rules. - (Thanks to Gwillim Law.) - - Changes affecting future timestamps: - - Acre and (we guess) western Amazonas will switch from UT -04 to -05 - on 2013-11-10. This affects America/Rio_Branco and America/Eirunepe. - (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Add entries for DST transitions in Morocco in the year 2038. - This avoids some year-2038 glitches introduced in 2013g. - (Thanks to Yoshito Umaoka for reporting the problem.) - - Changes affecting API - - The 'tzselect' command no longer requires the 'select' command, - and should now work with /bin/sh on more platforms. It also works - around a bug in BusyBox awk before version 1.21.0. (Thanks to - Patrick 'P. J.' McDermott and Alan Barrett.) - - Changes affecting code - - Fix localtime overflow bugs with 32-bit unsigned time_t. - - zdump no longer assumes sscanf returns maximal values on overflow. - - Changes affecting the build procedure - - The builder can specify which programs to use, if any, instead of - 'ar' and 'ranlib', and libtz.a is now built locally before being - installed. (Thanks to Michael Forney.) - - A dependency typo in the 'zdump' rule has been fixed. - (Thanks to Andrew Paprocki.) - - The Makefile has been simplified by assuming that 'mkdir -p' and 'cp -f' - work as specified by POSIX.2-1992 or later; this is portable nowadays. - - 'make clean' no longer removes 'leapseconds', since it's - host-independent and is part of the distribution. - - The unused makefile macros TZCSRCS, TZDSRCS, DATESRCS have been removed. - - Changes affecting documentation and commentary - - tz-link.htm now mentions TC TIMEZONE's draft time zone service protocol - (thanks to Mike Douglass) and TimezoneJS.Date (thanks to Jim Fehrle). - - Update URLs in tz-link page. Add URLs for Microsoft Windows, since - 8.1 introduces tz support. Remove URLs for Tru64 and UnixWare (no - longer maintained) and for old advisories. SOFA now does C. - -Release 2013g - 2013-09-30 21:08:26 -0700 - - Changes affecting current and near-future timestamps - - Morocco now observes DST from the last Sunday in March to the last - Sunday in October, not April to September respectively. (Thanks - to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Changes affecting 'zic' - - 'zic' now runs on platforms that lack both hard links and symlinks. - (Thanks to Theo Veenker for reporting the problem, for MinGW.) - Also, fix some bugs on platforms that lack hard links but have symlinks. - - 'zic -v' again warns that Asia/Tehran has no POSIX environment variable - to predict the far future, fixing a bug introduced in 2013e. - - Changes affecting the build procedure - - The 'leapseconds' file is again put into the tzdata tarball. - Also, 'leapseconds.awk', so tzdata is self-contained. (Thanks to - Matt Burgess and Ian Abbott.) The timestamps of these and other - dependent files in tarballs are adjusted more consistently. - - Changes affecting documentation and commentary - - The README file is now part of the data tarball as well as the code. - It now states that files are public domain unless otherwise specified. - (Thanks to Andrew Main (Zefram) for asking for clarifications.) - Its details about the 1989 release moved to a place of honor near - the end of NEWS. - - -Release 2013f - 2013-09-24 23:37:36 -0700 - - Changes affecting near-future timestamps - - Tocantins will very likely not observe DST starting this spring. - (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Jordan will likely stay at UT +03 indefinitely, and will not fall - back this fall. - - Palestine will fall back at 00:00, not 01:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Changes affecting API - - The types of the global variables 'timezone' and 'altzone' (if present) - have been changed back to 'long'. This is required for 'timezone' - by POSIX, and for 'altzone' by common practice, e.g., Solaris 11. - These variables were originally 'long' in the tz code, but were - mistakenly changed to 'time_t' in 1987; nobody reported the - incompatibility until now. The difference matters on x32, where - 'long' is 32 bits and 'time_t' is 64. (Thanks to Elliott Hughes.) - - Changes affecting the build procedure - - Avoid long strings in leapseconds.awk to work around a mawk bug. - (Thanks to Cyril Baurand.) - - Changes affecting documentation and commentary - - New file 'NEWS' that contains release notes like this one. - - Paraguay's law does not specify DST transition time; 00:00 is customary. - (Thanks to Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo.) - - Minor capitalization fixes. - - Changes affecting version-control only - - The experimental GitHub repository now contains annotated and - signed tags for recent releases, e.g., '2013e' for Release 2013e. - Releases are tagged starting with 2012e; earlier releases were - done differently, and tags would either not have a simple name or - not exactly match what was released. - - 'make set-timestamps' is now simpler and a bit more portable. - - -Release 2013e - 2013-09-19 23:50:04 -0700 - - Changes affecting near-future timestamps - - This year Fiji will start DST on October 27, not October 20. - (Thanks to David Wheeler for the heads-up.) For now, guess that - Fiji will continue to spring forward the Sunday before the fourth - Monday in October. - - Changes affecting current and future time zone abbreviations - - Use WIB/WITA/WIT rather than WIT/CIT/EIT for alphabetic Indonesian - time zone abbreviations since 1932. (Thanks to George Ziegler, - Priyadi Iman Nurcahyo, Zakaria, Jason Grimes, Martin Pitt, and - Benny Lin.) This affects Asia/Dili, Asia/Jakarta, Asia/Jayapura, - Asia/Makassar, and Asia/Pontianak. - - Use ART (UT -03, standard time), rather than WARST (also -03, but - daylight saving time) for San Luis, Argentina since 2009. - - Changes affecting Godthåb timestamps after 2037 if version mismatch - - Allow POSIX-like TZ strings where the transition time's hour can - range from -167 through 167, instead of the POSIX-required 0 - through 24. E.g., TZ='FJT-12FJST,M10.3.1/146,M1.3.4/75' for the - new Fiji rules. This is a more-compact way to represent - far-future timestamps for America/Godthab, America/Santiago, - Antarctica/Palmer, Asia/Gaza, Asia/Hebron, Asia/Jerusalem, - Pacific/Easter, and Pacific/Fiji. Other zones are unaffected by - this change. (Derived from a suggestion by Arthur David Olson.) - - Allow POSIX-like TZ strings where daylight saving time is in - effect all year. E.g., TZ='WART4WARST,J1/0,J365/25' for Western - Argentina Summer Time all year. This supports a more-compact way - to represent the 2013d data for America/Argentina/San_Luis. - Because of the change for San Luis noted above this change does not - affect the current data. (Thanks to Andrew Main (Zefram) for - suggestions that improved this change.) - - Where these two TZ changes take effect, there is a minor extension - to the tz file format in that it allows new values for the - embedded TZ-format string, and the tz file format version number - has therefore been increased from 2 to 3 as a precaution. - Version-2-based client code should continue to work as before for - all timestamps before 2038. Existing version-2-based client code - (tzcode, GNU/Linux, Solaris) has been tested on version-3-format - files, and typically works in practice even for timestamps after - 2037; the only known exception is America/Godthab. - - Changes affecting timestamps before 1970 - - Pacific/Johnston is now a link to Pacific/Honolulu. This corrects - some errors before 1947. - - Some zones have been turned into links, when they differ from existing - zones only in older data entries that were likely invented or that - differ only in LMT or transitions from LMT. These changes affect - only timestamps before 1943. The affected zones are: - Africa/Juba, America/Anguilla, America/Aruba, America/Dominica, - America/Grenada, America/Guadeloupe, America/Marigot, - America/Montserrat, America/St_Barthelemy, America/St_Kitts, - America/St_Lucia, America/St_Thomas, America/St_Vincent, - America/Tortola, and Europe/Vaduz. (Thanks to Alois Treindl for - confirming that the old Europe/Vaduz zone was wrong and the new - link is better for WWII-era times.) - - Change Kingston Mean Time from -5:07:12 to -5:07:11. This affects - America/Cayman, America/Jamaica and America/Grand_Turk timestamps - from 1890 to 1912. - - Change the UT offset of Bern Mean Time from 0:29:44 to 0:29:46. - This affects Europe/Zurich timestamps from 1853 to 1894. (Thanks - to Alois Treindl.) - - Change the date of the circa-1850 Zurich transition from 1849-09-12 - to 1853-07-16, overriding Shanks with data from Messerli about - postal and telegraph time in Switzerland. - - Changes affecting time zone abbreviations before 1970 - - For Asia/Jakarta, use BMT (not JMT) for mean time from 1923 to 1932, - as Jakarta was called Batavia back then. - - Changes affecting API - - The 'zic' command now outputs a dummy transition when far-future - data can't be summarized using a TZ string, and uses a 402-year - window rather than a 400-year window. For the current data, this - affects only the Asia/Tehran file. It does not affect any of the - timestamps that this file represents, so zdump outputs the same - information as before. (Thanks to Andrew Main (Zefram).) - - The 'date' command has a new '-r' option, which lets you specify - the integer time to display, a la FreeBSD. - - The 'tzselect' command has two new options '-c' and '-n', which lets you - select a zone based on latitude and longitude. - - The 'zic' command's '-v' option now warns about constructs that - require the new version-3 binary file format. (Thanks to Arthur - David Olson for the suggestion.) - - Support for floating-point time_t has been removed. - It was always dicey, and POSIX no longer requires it. - (Thanks to Eric Blake for suggesting to the POSIX committee to - remove it, and thanks to Alan Barrett, Clive D.W. Feather, Andy - Heninger, Arthur David Olson, and Alois Treindl, for reporting - bugs and elucidating some of the corners of the old floating-point - implementation.) - - The signatures of 'offtime', 'timeoff', and 'gtime' have been - changed back to the old practice of using 'long' to represent UT - offsets. This had been inadvertently and mistakenly changed to - 'int_fast32_t'. (Thanks to Christos Zoulas.) - - The code avoids undefined behavior on integer overflow in some - more places, including gmtime, localtime, mktime and zdump. - - Changes affecting the zdump utility - - zdump now outputs "UT" when referring to Universal Time, not "UTC". - "UTC" does not make sense for timestamps that predate the introduction - of UTC, whereas "UT", a more-generic term, does. (Thanks to Steve Allen - for clarifying UT vs UTC.) - - Data changes affecting behavior of tzselect and similar programs - - Country code BQ is now called the more-common name "Caribbean Netherlands" - rather than the more-official "Bonaire, St Eustatius & Saba". - - Remove from zone.tab the names America/Montreal, America/Shiprock, - and Antarctica/South_Pole, as they are equivalent to existing - same-country-code zones for post-1970 timestamps. The data entries for - these names are unchanged, so the names continue to work as before. - - Changes affecting code internals - - zic -c now runs way faster on 64-bit hosts when given large numbers. - - zic now uses vfprintf to avoid allocating and freeing some memory. - - tzselect now computes the list of continents from the data, - rather than have it hard-coded. - - Minor changes pacify GCC 4.7.3 and GCC 4.8.1. - - Changes affecting the build procedure - - The 'leapseconds' file is now generated automatically from a - new file 'leap-seconds.list', which is a copy of - - A new source file 'leapseconds.awk' implements this. - The goal is simplification of the future maintenance of 'leapseconds'. - - When building the 'posix' or 'right' subdirectories, if the - subdirectory would be a copy of the default subdirectory, it is - now made a symbolic link if that is supported. This saves about - 2 MB of file system space. - - The links America/Shiprock and Antarctica/South_Pole have been - moved to the 'backward' file. This affects only nondefault builds - that omit 'backward'. - - Changes affecting version-control only - - .gitignore now ignores 'date'. - - Changes affecting documentation and commentary - - Changes to the 'tzfile' man page - - It now mentions that the binary file format may be extended in - future versions by appending data. - - It now refers to the 'zdump' and 'zic' man pages. - - Changes to the 'zic' man page - - It lists conditions that elicit a warning with '-v'. - - It says that the behavior is unspecified when duplicate names - are given, or if the source of one link is the target of another. - - Its examples are updated to match the latest data. - - The definition of white space has been clarified slightly. - (Thanks to Michael Deckers.) - - Changes to the 'Theory' file - - There is a new section about the accuracy of the tz database, - describing the many ways that errors can creep in, and - explaining why so many of the pre-1970 timestamps are wrong or - misleading (thanks to Steve Allen, Lester Caine, and Garrett - Wollman for discussions that contributed to this). - - The 'Theory' file describes LMT better (this follows a - suggestion by Guy Harris). - - It refers to the 2013 edition of POSIX rather than the 2004 edition. - - It's mentioned that excluding 'backward' should not affect the - other data, and it suggests at least one zone.tab name per - inhabited country (thanks to Stephen Colebourne). - - Some longstanding restrictions on names are documented, e.g., - 'America/New_York' precludes 'America/New_York/Bronx'. - - It gives more reasons for the 1970 cutoff. - - It now mentions which time_t variants are supported, such as - signed integer time_t. (Thanks to Paul Goyette for reporting - typos in an experimental version of this change.) - - (Thanks to Philip Newton for correcting typos in these changes.) - - Documentation and commentary is more careful to distinguish UT in - general from UTC in particular. (Thanks to Steve Allen.) - - Add a better source for the Zurich 1894 transition. - (Thanks to Pierre-Yves Berger.) - - Update shapefile citations in tz-link.htm. (Thanks to Guy Harris.) - - -Release 2013d - 2013-07-05 07:38:01 -0700 - - Changes affecting future timestamps: - - Morocco's midsummer transitions this year are July 7 and August 10, - not July 9 and August 8. (Thanks to Andrew Paprocki.) - - Israel now falls back on the last Sunday of October. - (Thanks to Ephraim Silverberg.) - - Changes affecting past timestamps: - - Specify Jerusalem's location more precisely; this changes the pre-1880 - times by 2 s. - - Changing affecting metadata only: - - Fix typos in the entries for country codes BQ and SX. - - Changes affecting code: - - Rework the code to fix a bug with handling Australia/Macquarie on - 32-bit hosts (thanks to Arthur David Olson). - - Port to platforms like NetBSD, where time_t can be wider than long. - - Add support for testing time_t types other than the system's. - Run 'make check_time_t_alternatives' to try this out. - Currently, the tests fail for unsigned time_t; - this should get fixed at some point. - - Changes affecting documentation and commentary: - - Deemphasize the significance of national borders. - - Update the zdump man page. - - Remove obsolete NOID comment (thanks to Denis Excoffier). - - Update several URLs and comments in the web pages. - - Spelling fixes (thanks to Kevin Lyda and Jonathan Leffler). - - Update URL for CLDR Zone->Tzid table (thanks to Yoshito Umaoka). - - -Release 2013c - 2013-04-19 16:17:40 -0700 - - Changes affecting current and future timestamps: - - Palestine observed DST starting March 29, 2013. (Thanks to - Steffen Thorsen.) From 2013 on, Gaza and Hebron both observe DST, - with the predicted rules being the last Thursday in March at 24:00 - to the first Friday on or after September 21 at 01:00. - - Assume that the recent change to Paraguay's DST rules is permanent, - by moving the end of DST to the 4th Sunday in March every year. - (Thanks to Carlos Raúl Perasso.) - - Changes affecting past timestamps: - - Fix some historical data for Palestine to agree with that of - timeanddate.com, as follows: - - The spring 2008 change in Gaza and Hebron was on 00:00 Mar 28, not - 00:00 Apr 1. - - The fall 2009 change in Gaza and Hebron on Sep 4 was at 01:00, not - 02:00. - - The spring 2010 change in Hebron was 00:00 Mar 26, not 00:01 Mar 27. - - The spring 2011 change in Gaza was 00:01 Apr 1, not 12:01 Apr 2. - - The spring 2011 change in Hebron on Apr 1 was at 00:01, not 12:01. - - The fall 2011 change in Hebron on Sep 30 was at 00:00, not 03:00. - - Fix times of habitation for Macquarie to agree with the Tasmania - Parks & Wildlife Service history, which indicates that permanent - habitation was 1899-1919 and 1948 on. - - Changing affecting metadata only: - - Macquarie Island is politically part of Australia, not Antarctica. - (Thanks to Tobias Conradi.) - - Sort Macquarie more-consistently with other parts of Australia. - (Thanks to Tim Parenti.) - - -Release 2013b - 2013-03-10 22:33:40 -0700 - - Changes affecting current and future timestamps: - - Haiti uses US daylight-saving rules this year, and presumably future years. - This changes timestamps starting today. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Paraguay will end DST on March 24 this year. - (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) For now, assume it's just this year. - - Morocco does not observe DST during Ramadan; - try to predict Ramadan in Morocco as best we can. - (Thanks to Erik Homoet for the heads-up.) - - Changes affecting commentary: - - Update URLs in tz-link page. Add URLs for webOS, BB10, iOS. - Update URL for Solaris. Mention Internet RFC 6557. - Update Internet RFCs 2445->5545, 2822->5322. - Switch from FTP to HTTP for Internet RFCs. - - -Release 2013a - 2013-02-27 09:20:35 -0800 - - Change affecting binary data format: - - The zone offset at the end of version-2-format zone files is now - allowed to be 24:00, as per POSIX.1-2008. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) - - Changes affecting current and future timestamps: - - Chile's 2013 rules, and we guess rules for 2014 and later, will be - the same as 2012, namely Apr Sun>=23 03:00 UTC to Sep Sun>=2 04:00 UTC. - (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen and Robert Elz.) - - New Zones Asia/Khandyga, Asia/Ust-Nera, Europe/Busingen. - (Thanks to Tobias Conradi and Arthur David Olson.) - - Many changes affect historical timestamps before 1940. - These were deduced from: Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 - Feb;13(2):173-94 . - - Changes affecting the code: - - Fix zic bug that mishandled Egypt's 2010 changes (this also affected - the data). (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) - - Fix localtime bug when time_t is unsigned and data files were generated - by a signed time_t system. (Thanks to Doug Bailey for reporting and - to Arthur David Olson for fixing.) - - Allow the email address for bug reports to be set by the packager. - The default is tz@iana.org, as before. (Thanks to Joseph S. Myers.) - - Update HTML checking to be compatible with Ubuntu 12.10. - - Check that files are a safe subset of ASCII. At some point we may - relax this requirement to a safe subset of UTF-8. Without the - check, some non-UTF-8 encodings were leaking into the distribution. - - Commentary changes: - - Restore a comment about copyright notices that was inadvertently deleted. - (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) - - Improve the commentary about which districts observe what times - in Russia. (Thanks to Oscar van Vlijmen and Arthur David Olson.) - - Add web page links to tz.js. - - Add "Run by the Monkeys" to tz-art. (Thanks to Arthur David Olson.) - - -Release 2012j - 2012-11-12 18:34:49 -0800 - - Libya moved to CET this weekend, but with DST planned next year. - (Thanks to Even Scharning, Steffen Thorsen, and Tim Parenti.) - - Signatures now have the extension .asc, not .sign, as that's more - standard. (Thanks to Phil Pennock.) - - The output of 'zdump --version', and of 'zic --version', now - uses a format that is more typical for --version. - (Thanks to Joseph S. Myers.) - - The output of 'tzselect --help', 'zdump --help', and 'zic --help' - now uses tz@iana.org rather than the old elsie address. - - zic -v now complains about abbreviations that are less than 3 - or more than 6 characters, as per Posix. Formerly, it checked - for abbreviations that were more than 3. - - 'make public' no longer puts its temporary directory under /tmp, - and uses the just-built zic rather than the system zic. - - Various fixes to documentation and commentary. - - -Release 2012i - 2012-11-03 12:57:09 -0700 - - Cuba switches from DST tomorrow at 01:00. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Linker flags can now be specified via LDFLAGS. - AWK now defaults to 'awk', not 'nawk'. - The shell in tzselect now defaults to /bin/bash, but this can - be overridden by specifying KSHELL. - The main web page now mentions the unofficial GitHub repository. - (Thanks to Mike Frysinger.) - - Tarball signatures can now be built by running 'make signatures'. - There are also new makefile rules 'tarballs', 'check_public', and - separate makefile rules for each tarball and signature file. - A few makefile rules are now more portable to strict POSIX. - - The main web page now lists the canonical IANA URL. - - -Release 2012h - 2012-10-26 22:49:10 -0700 - - Bahia no longer has DST. (Thanks to Kelley Cook.) - - Tocantins has DST. (Thanks to Rodrigo Severo.) - - Israel has new DST rules next year. (Thanks to Ephraim Silverberg.) - - Jordan stays on DST this winter. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Web page updates. - - More C modernization, except that at Arthur David Olson's suggestion - the instances of 'register' were kept. - - -Release 2012g - 2012-10-17 20:59:45 -0700 - - Samoa fall 2012 and later. (Thanks to Nicholas Pereira and Robert Elz.) - - Palestine fall 2012. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - Assume C89. - - To attack the version-number problem, this release ships the file - 'Makefile' (which contains the release number) in both the tzcode and - the tzdata tarballs. The two Makefiles are identical, and should be - identical in any matching pair of tarballs, so it shouldn't matter - which order you extract the tarballs. Perhaps we can come up with a - better version-number scheme at some point; this scheme does have the - virtue of not adding more files. - - -Release 2012f - 2012-09-12 23:17:03 -0700 - - * australasia (Pacific/Fiji): Fiji DST is October 21 through January - 20 this year. (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - -Release 2012e - 2012-08-02 20:44:55 -0700 - - * australasia (Pacific/Fakaofo): Tokelau is UT +13, not +14. - (Thanks to Steffen Thorsen.) - - * Use a single version number for both code and data. - - * .gitignore: New file. - - * Remove trailing white space. - - -Release code2012c-data2012d - 2012-07-19 16:35:33 -0700 - - Changes for Morocco's timestamps, which take effect in a couple of - hours, along with infrastructure changes to accommodate how the tz - code and data are released on IANA. - - -Release data2012c - 2012-03-27 12:17:25 -0400 - - africa - Summer time changes for Morocco (to start late April 2012) - - asia - Changes for 2012 for Gaza & the West Bank (Hebron) and Syria - - northamerica - Haiti following US/Canada rules for 2012 (and we're assuming, - for now anyway, for the future). - - -Release 2012b - 2012-03-02 12:29:15 +0700 - - There is just one change to tzcode2012b (compared with 2012a): - the Makefile that was accidentally included with 2012a has been - replaced with the version that should have been there, which is - identical with the previous version (from tzcode2011i). - - There are just two changes in tzdata2012b compared with 2012a. - - Most significantly, summer time in Cuba has been delayed 3 weeks - (now starts April 1 rather than March 11). Since Mar 11 (the old start - date, as listed in 2012a) is just a little over a week away, this - change is urgent. - - Less importantly, an excess tab in one of the changes in zone.tab - in 2012a has been removed. - - -Release 2012a - 2012-03-01 18:28:10 +0700 - - The changes in tzcode2012a (compared to the previous version, 2011i) - are entirely to the README and tz-art.htm and tz-link.htm files, if - none of those concern you, you can ignore the code update. The changes - reflect the changed addresses for the mailing list and the code and - data distribution points & methods (and a link to DateTime::TimeZone::Tzfile - has been added to tz-link.htm). - - In tzdata2012a (compared to the previous release, which was 2011n) - the major changes are: - Chile 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 summer time date adjustments. - Falkland Islands onto permanent summer time (we're assuming for the - foreseeable future, though 2012 is all we're fairly certain of.) - Armenia has abolished Summer Time. - Tokelau jumped the International Date Line back last December - (just the same as their near neighbour, Samoa). - America/Creston is a new zone for a small area of British Columbia - There will be a leapsecond 2012-06-30 23:59:60 UTC. - - Other minor changes are: - Corrections to 1918 Canadian summer time end dates. - Updated URL for UK time zone history (in comments) - A few typos in Le Corre's list of free French place names (comments) - - -Release data2011n - 2011-10-30 14:57:54 +0700 - - There are three changes of note - most urgently, Cuba (America/Havana) - has extended summer time by two weeks, now to end on Nov 13, rather than - the (already past) Oct 30. Second, the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic - (Europe/Tiraspol) decided not to split from the rest of Moldova after - all, and consequently that zone has been removed (again) and reinstated - in the "backward" file as a link to Europe/Chisinau. And third, the - end date for Fiji's summer time this summer was moved forward from the - earlier planned Feb 26, to Jan 22. - - Apart from that, Moldova (MD) returns to a single entry in zone.tab - (and the incorrect syntax that was in the 2011m version of that file - is so fixed - it would have been fixed in a different way had this - change not happened - that's the "missing" sccs version id). - - -Release data2011m - 2011-10-24 21:42:16 +0700 - - In particular, the typos in comments in the data (2011-11-17 should have - been 2011-10-17 as Alan Barrett noted, and spelling of Tiraspol that - Tim Parenti noted) have been fixed, and the change for Ukraine has been - made in all 4 Ukrainian zones, rather than just Kiev (again, thanks to - Tim Parenti, and also Denys Gavrysh) - - In addition, I added Europe/Tiraspol to zone.tab. - - This time, all the files have new version numbers... (including the files - otherwise unchanged in 2011m that were changed in 2011l but didn't get new - version numbers there...) - - -Release data2011l - 2011-10-10 11:15:43 +0700 - - There are just 2 changes that cause different generated tzdata files from - zic, to Asia/Hebron and Pacific/Fiji - the possible change for Bahia, Brazil - is included, but commented out. Compared with the diff I sent out last week, - this version also includes attributions for the sources for the changes - (in much the same format as ado used, but the html tags have not been - checked, verified, or used in any way at all, so if there are errors there, - please let me know.) - - -Release data2011k - 2011-09-20 17:54:03 -0400 - - [not summarized] - - -Release data2011j - 2011-09-12 09:22:49 -0400 - - (contemporary changes for Samoa; past changes for Kenya, Uganda, and - Tanzania); there are also two spelling corrections to comments in - the australasia file (with thanks to Christos Zoulas). - - -Release 2011i - 2011-08-29 05:56:32 -0400 - - [not summarized] - - -Release data2011h - 2011-06-15 18:41:48 -0400 - - Russia and Curaçao changes - - -Release 2011g - 2011-04-25 09:07:22 -0400 - - update the rules for Egypt to reflect its abandonment of DST this year - - -Release 2011f - 2011-04-06 17:14:53 -0400 - - [not summarized] - - -Release 2011e - 2011-03-31 16:04:38 -0400 - - Morocco, Chile, and tz-link changes - - -Release 2011d - 2011-03-14 09:18:01 -0400 - - changes that impact present-day timestamps in Cuba, Samoa, and Turkey - - -Release 2011c - 2011-03-07 09:30:09 -0500 - - These do affect current timestamps in Chile and Annette Island, Canada. - - -Release 2011b - 2011-02-07 08:44:50 -0500 - - [not summarized] - - -Release 2011a - 2011-01-24 10:30:16 -0500 - - [not summarized] - - -Release data2010o - 2010-11-01 09:18:23 -0400 - - change to the end of DST in Fiji in 2011 - - -Release 2010n - 2010-10-25 08:19:17 -0400 - - [not summarized] - - -Release 2010m - 2010-09-27 09:24:48 -0400 - - Hong Kong, Vostok, and zic.c changes - - -Release 2010l - 2010-08-16 06:57:25 -0400 - - [not summarized] - - -Release 2010k - 2010-07-26 10:42:27 -0400 - - [not summarized] - - -Release 2010j - 2010-05-10 09:07:48 -0400 - - changes for Bahía de Banderas and for version naming - - -Release data2010i - 2010-04-16 18:50:45 -0400 - - the end of DST in Morocco on 2010-08-08 - - -Release data2010h - 2010-04-05 09:58:56 -0400 - - [not summarized] - - -Release data2010g - 2010-03-24 11:14:53 -0400 - - [not summarized] - - -Release 2010f - 2010-03-22 09:45:46 -0400 - - [not summarized] - - -Release data2010e - 2010-03-08 14:24:27 -0500 - - corrects the Dhaka bug found by Danvin Ruangchan - - -Release data2010d - 2010-03-06 07:26:01 -0500 - - [not summarized] - - -Release 2010c - 2010-03-01 09:20:58 -0500 - - changes including KRE's suggestion for earlier initialization of - "goahead" and "goback" structure elements - - -Release code2010a - 2010-02-16 10:40:04 -0500 - - [not summarized] - - -Release data2010b - 2010-01-20 12:37:01 -0500 - - Mexico changes - - -Release data2010a - 2010-01-18 08:30:04 -0500 - - changes to Dhaka - - -Release data2009u - 2009-12-26 08:32:28 -0500 - - changes to DST in Bangladesh - - -Release 2009t - 2009-12-21 13:24:27 -0500 - - [not summarized] - - -Release data2009s - 2009-11-14 10:26:32 -0500 - - (cosmetic) Antarctica change and the DST-in-Fiji-in-2009-and-2010 change - - -Release 2009r - 2009-11-09 10:10:31 -0500 - - "antarctica" and "tz-link.htm" changes - - -Release 2009q - 2009-11-02 09:12:40 -0500 - - with two corrections as reported by Eric Muller and Philip Newton - - -Release data2009p - 2009-10-23 15:05:27 -0400 - - Argentina (including San Luis) changes (with the correction from - Mariano Absatz) - - -Release data2009o - 2009-10-14 16:49:38 -0400 - - Samoa (commentary only), Pakistan, and Bangladesh changes - - -Release data2009n - 2009-09-22 15:13:38 -0400 - - added commentary for Argentina and a change to the end of DST in - 2009 in Pakistan - - -Release data2009m - 2009-09-03 10:23:43 -0400 - - Samoa and Palestine changes - - -Release data2009l - 2009-08-14 09:13:07 -0400 - - Samoa (comments only) and Egypt - - -Release 2009k - 2009-07-20 09:46:08 -0400 - - [not summarized] - - -Release data2009j - 2009-06-15 06:43:59 -0400 - - Bangladesh change (with a short turnaround since the DST change is - impending) - - -Release 2009i - 2009-06-08 09:21:22 -0400 - - updating for DST in Bangladesh this year - - -Release 2009h - 2009-05-26 09:19:14 -0400 - - [not summarized] - - -Release data2009g - 2009-04-20 16:34:07 -0400 - - Cairo - - -Release data2009f - 2009-04-10 11:00:52 -0400 - - correct DST in Pakistan - - -Release 2009e - 2009-04-06 09:08:11 -0400 - - [not summarized] - - -Release 2009d - 2009-03-23 09:38:12 -0400 - - Morocco, Tunisia, Argentina, and American Astronomical Society changes - - -Release data2009c - 2009-03-16 09:47:51 -0400 - - change to the start of Cuban DST - - -Release 2009b - 2009-02-09 11:15:22 -0500 - - [not summarized] - - -Release 2009a - 2009-01-21 10:09:39 -0500 - - [not summarized] - - -Release data2008i - 2008-10-21 12:10:25 -0400 - - southamerica and zone.tab files, with Argentina DST rule changes and - United States zone reordering and recommenting - - -Release 2008h - 2008-10-13 07:33:56 -0400 - - [not summarized] - - -Release 2008g - 2008-10-06 09:03:18 -0400 - - Fix a broken HTML anchor and update Brazil's DST transitions; - there's also a slight reordering of information in tz-art.htm. - - -Release data2008f - 2008-09-09 22:33:26 -0400 - - [not summarized] - - -Release 2008e - 2008-07-28 14:11:17 -0400 - - changes by Arthur David Olson and Jesper Nørgaard Welen - - -Release data2008d - 2008-07-07 09:51:38 -0400 - - changes by Arthur David Olson, Paul Eggert, and Rodrigo Severo - - -Release data2008c - 2008-05-19 17:48:03 -0400 - - Pakistan, Morocco, and Mongolia - - -Release data2008b - 2008-03-24 08:30:59 -0400 - - including renaming Asia/Calcutta to Asia/Kolkata, with a backward - link provided - - -Release 2008a - 2008-03-08 05:42:16 -0500 - - [not summarized] - - -Release 2007k - 2007-12-31 10:25:22 -0500 - - most importantly, changes to the "southamerica" file based on - Argentina's readoption of daylight saving time - - -Release 2007j - 2007-12-03 09:51:01 -0500 - - 1. eliminate the "P" (parameter) macro; - - 2. the "noncontroversial" changes circulated on the time zone - mailing list (less the changes to "logwtmp.c"); - - 3. eliminate "too many transition" errors when "min" is used in time - zone rules; - - 4. changes by Paul Eggert (including updated information for Venezuela). - - -Release data2007i - 2007-10-30 10:28:11 -0400 - - changes for Cuba and Syria - - -Release 2007h - 2007-10-01 10:05:51 -0400 - - changes by Paul Eggert, as well as an updated link to the ICU - project in tz-link.htm - - -Release 2007g - 2007-08-20 10:47:59 -0400 - - changes by Paul Eggert - - The "leapseconds" file has been updated to incorporate the most - recent International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service - (IERS) bulletin. - - There's an addition to tz-art.htm regarding the television show "Medium". - - -Release 2007f - 2007-05-07 10:46:46 -0400 - - changes by Paul Eggert (including Haiti, Turks and Caicos, and New - Zealand) - - changes to zic.c to allow hour values greater than 24 (along with - Paul's improved time value overflow checking) - - -Release 2007e - 2007-04-02 10:11:52 -0400 - - Syria and Honduras changes by Paul Eggert - - zic.c variable renaming changes by Arthur David Olson - - -Release 2007d - 2007-03-20 08:48:30 -0400 - - changes by Paul Eggert - - the elimination of white space at the ends of lines - - -Release 2007c - 2007-02-26 09:09:37 -0500 - - changes by Paul Eggert - - -Release 2007b - 2007-02-12 09:34:20 -0500 - - Paul Eggert's proposed change to the quotation handling logic in zic.c. - - changes to the commentary in "leapseconds" reflecting the IERS - announcement that there is to be no positive leap second at the end - of June 2007. - - -Release 2007a - 2007-01-08 12:28:29 -0500 - - changes by Paul Eggert - - Derick Rethan's Asmara change - - Oscar van Vlijmen's Easter Island local mean time change - - symbolic link changes - - -Release 2006p - 2006-11-27 08:54:27 -0500 - - changes by Paul Eggert - - -Release 2006o - 2006-11-06 09:18:07 -0500 - - changes by Paul Eggert - - -Release 2006n - 2006-10-10 11:32:06 -0400 - - changes by Paul Eggert - - -Release 2006m - 2006-10-02 15:32:35 -0400 - - changes for Uruguay, Palestine, and Egypt by Paul Eggert - - (minimalist) changes to zic.8 to clarify "until" information - - -Release data2006l - 2006-09-18 12:58:11 -0400 - - Paul's best-effort work on this coming weekend's Egypt time change - - -Release 2006k - 2006-08-28 12:19:09 -0400 - - changes by Paul Eggert - - -Release 2006j - 2006-08-21 09:56:32 -0400 - - changes by Paul Eggert - - -Release code2006i - 2006-08-07 12:30:55 -0400 - - localtime.c fixes - - Ken Pizzini's conversion script - - -Release code2006h - 2006-07-24 09:19:37 -0400 - - adds public domain notices to four files - - includes a fix for transition times being off by a second - - adds a new recording to the "arts" file (information courtesy Colin Bowern) - - -Release 2006g - 2006-05-08 17:18:09 -0400 - - northamerica changes by Paul Eggert - - -Release 2006f - 2006-05-01 11:46:00 -0400 - - a missing version number problem is fixed (with thanks to Bradley - White for catching the problem) - - -Release 2006d - 2006-04-17 14:33:43 -0400 - - changes by Paul Eggert - - added new items to tz-arts.htm that were found by Paul - - -Release 2006c - 2006-04-03 10:09:32 -0400 - - two sets of data changes by Paul Eggert - - a fencepost error fix in zic.c - - changes to zic.c and the "europe" file to minimize differences - between output produced by the old 32-bit zic and the new 64-bit - version - - -Release 2006b - 2006-02-20 10:08:18 -0500 - [tz32code2006b + tz64code2006b + tzdata2006b] - - 64-bit code - - All SCCS IDs were bumped to "8.1" for this release. - - -Release 2006a - 2006-01-30 08:59:31 -0500 - - changes by Paul Eggert (in particular, Indiana time zone moves) - - an addition to the zic manual page to describe how special-case - transitions are handled - - -Release 2005r - 2005-12-27 09:27:13 -0500 - - Canadian changes by Paul Eggert - - They also add "
" directives to time zone data files and reflect
-  changes to warning message logic in "zdump.c" (but with calls to
-  "gettext" kept unbundled at the suggestion of Ken Pizzini).
-
-
-Release 2005q - 2005-12-13 09:17:09 -0500
-
-  Nothing earth-shaking here:
-	1.  Electronic mail addresses have been removed.
-	2.  Casts of the return value of exit have been removed.
-	3.  Casts of the argument of is.* macros have been added.
-	4.  Indentation in one section of zic.c has been fixed.
-	5.  References to dead URLs in the data files have been dealt with.
-
-
-Release 2005p - 2005-12-05 10:30:53 -0500
-
-  "systemv", "tz-link.htm", and "zdump.c" changes
-  (less the casts of arguments to the is* macros)
-
-
-Release 2005o - 2005-11-28 10:55:26 -0500
-
-  Georgia, Cuba, Nicaragua, and Jordan changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  zdump.c lint fixes by Arthur David Olson
-
-
-Release 2005n - 2005-10-03 09:44:09 -0400
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert (both the Uruguay changes and the Kyrgyzstan
-  et al. changes)
-
-
-Release 2005m - 2005-08-29 12:15:40 -0400
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert (with a small tweak to the tz-art change)
-
-  a declaration of an unused variable has been removed from zdump.c
-
-
-Release 2005l - 2005-08-22 12:06:39 -0400
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  overflow/underflow checks by Arthur David Olson, minus changes to
-  the "Theory" file about the pending addition of 64-bit data (I grow
-  less confident of the changes being accepted with each passing day,
-  and the changes no longer increase the data files nine-fold--there's
-  less than a doubling in size by my local Sun's reckoning)
-
-
-Release 2005k - 2005-07-14 14:14:24 -0400
-
-  The "leapseconds" file has been edited to reflect the recently
-  announced leap second at the end of 2005.
-
-  I've also deleted electronic mail addresses from the files as an
-  anti-spam measure.
-
-
-Release 2005j - 2005-06-13 14:34:13 -0400
-
-  These reflect changes to limit the length of time zone abbreviations
-  and the characters used in those abbreviations.
-
-  There are also changes to handle POSIX-style "quoted" timezone
-  environment variables.
-
-  The changes were circulated on the time zone mailing list; the only
-  change since then was the removal of a couple of minimum-length of
-  abbreviation checks.
-
-
-Release data2005i - 2005-04-21 15:04:16 -0400
-
-  changes (most importantly to Nicaragua and Haiti) by Paul Eggert
-
-
-Release 2005h - 2005-04-04 11:24:47 -0400
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  minor changes to Makefile and zdump.c to produce more useful output
-  when doing a "make typecheck"
-
-
-Release 2005g - 2005-03-14 10:11:21 -0500
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert (a change to current DST rules in Uruguay and
-  an update to a link to time zone software)
-
-
-Release 2005f - 2005-03-01 08:45:32 -0500
-
-  data and documentation changes by Paul Eggert
-
-
-Release 2005e - 2005-02-10 15:59:44 -0500
-
-  [not summarized]
-
-
-Release code2005d - 2005-01-31 09:21:47 -0500
-
-  make zic complain about links to links if the -v flag is used
-
-  have "make public" do more code checking
-
-  add an include to "localtime.c" for the benefit of gcc systems
-
-
-Release 2005c - 2005-01-17 18:36:29 -0500
-
-  get better results when mktime runs on a system where time_t is double
-
-  changes to the data files (most importantly to Paraguay)
-
-
-Release 2005b - 2005-01-10 09:19:54 -0500
-
-  Get localtime and gmtime working on systems with exotic time_t types.
-
-  Update the leap second commentary in the "leapseconds" file.
-
-
-Release 2005a - 2005-01-01 13:13:44 -0500
-
-  [not summarized]
-
-
-Release code2004i - 2004-12-14 13:42:58 -0500
-
-  Deal with systems where time_t is unsigned.
-
-
-Release code2004h - 2004-12-07 11:40:18 -0500
-
-  64-bit-time_t changes
-
-
-Release 2004g - 2004-11-02 09:06:01 -0500
-
-  update to Cuba (taking effect this weekend)
-
-  other changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  correction of the spelling of Oslo
-
-  changed versions of difftime.c and private.h
-
-
-Release code2004f - 2004-10-21 10:25:22 -0400
-
-  Cope with wide-ranging tm_year values.
-
-
-Release 2004e - 2004-10-11 14:47:21 -0400
-
-  Brazil/Argentina/Israel changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  changes to tz-link.htm by Paul
-
-  one small fix to Makefile
-
-
-Release 2004d - 2004-09-22 08:27:29 -0400
-
-  Avoid overflow problems when TM_YEAR_BASE is added to an integer.
-
-
-Release 2004c - 2004-08-11 12:06:26 -0400
-
-  asctime-related changes
-
-  (variants of) some of the documentation changes suggested by Paul Eggert
-
-
-Release 2004b - 2004-07-19 14:33:35 -0400
-
-  data changes by Paul Eggert - most importantly, updates for Argentina
-
-
-Release 2004a - 2004-05-27 12:00:47 -0400
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  Handle DST transitions that occur at the end of a month in some
-  years but at the start of the following month in other years.
-
-  Add a copy of the correspondence that's the basis for claims about
-  DST in the Navajo Nation.
-
-
-Release 2003e - 2003-12-15 09:36:47 -0500
-
-  changes by Arthur David Olson (primarily code changes)
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert (primarily data changes)
-
-  minor changes to "Makefile" and "northamerica" (in the latter case,
-  optimization of the "Toronto" rules)
-
-
-Release 2003d - 2003-10-06 09:34:44 -0400
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-
-Release 2003c - 2003-09-16 10:47:05 -0400
-
-  Fix bad returns in zic.c's inleap function.
-  Thanks to Bradley White for catching the problem!
-
-
-Release 2003b - 2003-09-16 07:13:44 -0400
-
-  Add a "--version" option (and documentation) to the zic and zdump commands.
-
-  changes to overflow/underflow checking in zic
-
-  a localtime typo fix.
-
-  Update the leapseconds and tz-art.htm files.
-
-
-Release 2003a - 2003-03-24 09:30:54 -0500
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  a few additions and modifications to the tz-art.htm file
-
-
-Release 2002d - 2002-10-15 13:12:42 -0400
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert, less the "Britain (UK)" change in iso3166.tab
-
-  There's also a new time zone quote in "tz-art.htm".
-
-
-Release 2002c - 2002-04-04 11:55:20 -0500
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  Change zic.c to avoid creating symlinks to files that don't exist.
-
-
-Release 2002b - 2002-01-28 12:56:03 -0500
-
-  [These change notes are for Release 2002a, which was corrupted.
-  2002b was a corrected version of 2002a.]
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  Update the "leapseconds" file to note that there'll be no leap
-  second at the end of June, 2002.
-
-  Change "zic.c" to deal with a problem in handling the "Asia/Bishkek" zone.
-
-  Change to "difftime.c" to avoid sizeof problems.
-
-
-Release 2001d - 2001-10-09 13:31:32 -0400
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-
-Release 2001c - 2001-06-05 13:59:55 -0400
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert and Andrew Brown
-
-
-Release 2001b - 2001-04-05 16:44:38 -0400
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert (modulo jnorgard's typo fix)
-
-  tz-art.htm has been HTMLified.
-
-
-Release 2001a - 2001-03-13 12:57:44 -0500
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  An addition to the "leapseconds" file: comments with the text of the
-  latest IERS leap second notice.
-
-  Trailing white space has been removed from data file lines, and
-  repeated spaces in "Rule Jordan" lines in the "asia" file have been
-  converted to tabs.
-
-
-Release 2000h - 2000-12-14 15:33:38 -0500
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  one typo fix in the "art" file
-
-  With providence, this is the last update of the millennium.
-
-
-Release 2000g - 2000-10-10 11:35:22 -0400
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  correction of John Mackin's name submitted by Robert Elz
-
-  Garry Shandling's Daylight Saving Time joke (!?!) from the recent
-  Emmy Awards broadcast.
-
-
-Release 2000f - 2000-08-10 09:31:58 -0400
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  Added information in "tz-art.htm" on a Seinfeld reference to DST.
-
-  Error checking and messages in the "yearistype" script have been
-  improved.
-
-
-Release 2000e - 2000-07-31 09:27:54 -0400
-
-  data changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  a change to the default value of the defined constant HAVE_STRERROR
-
-  the addition of a Dave Barry quote on DST to the tz-arts file
-
-
-Release 2000d - 2000-04-20 15:43:04 -0400
-
-  changes to the documentation and code of strftime for C99 conformance
-
-  a bug fix for date.c
-
-  These are based on (though modified from) changes by Paul Eggert.
-
-
-Release 2000c - 2000-03-04 10:31:43 -0500
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-
-Release 2000b - 2000-02-21 12:16:29 -0500
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert and Joseph Myers
-
-  modest tweaks to the tz-art.htm and tz-link.htm files
-
-
-Release 2000a - 2000-01-18 09:21:26 -0500
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  The two hypertext documents have also been renamed.
-
-
-Release code1999i-data1999j - 1999-11-15 18:43:22 -0500
-
-  Paul Eggert's changes
-
-  additions to the "zic" manual page and the "Arts.htm" file
-
-
-Release code1999h-data1999i - 1999-11-08 14:55:21 -0500
-
-  [not summarized]
-
-
-Release data1999h - 1999-10-07 03:50:29 -0400
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert to "europe" (most importantly, fixing
-  Lithuania and Estonia)
-
-
-Release 1999g - 1999-09-28 11:06:18 -0400
-
-  data changes by Paul Eggert (most importantly, the change for
-  Lebanon that buys correctness for this coming Sunday)
-
-  The "code" file contains changes to "Makefile" and "checktab.awk" to
-  allow better checking of time zone files before they are published.
-
-
-Release 1999f - 1999-09-23 09:48:14 -0400
-
-  changes by Arthur David Olson and Paul Eggert
-
-
-Release 1999e - 1999-08-17 15:20:54 -0400
-
-  changes circulated by Paul Eggert, although the change to handling
-  of DST-specifying timezone names has been commented out for now
-  (search for "XXX" in "localtime.c" for details).  These files also
-  do not make any changes to the start of DST in Brazil.
-
-  In addition to Paul's changes, there are updates to "Arts.htm" and
-  cleanups of URLs.
-
-
-Release 1999d - 1999-03-30 11:31:07 -0500
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  The Makefile's "make public" rule has also been changed to do a test
-  compile of each individual time zone data file (which should help
-  avoid problems such as the one we had with Nicosia).
-
-
-Release 1999c - 1999-03-25 09:47:47 -0500
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert, most importantly the change for Chile.
-
-
-Release 1999b - 1999-02-01 17:51:44 -0500
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  code changes (suggested by Mani Varadarajan, mani at be.com) for
-  correct handling of symbolic links when building using a relative directory
-
-  code changes to generate correct messages for failed links
-
-  updates to the URLs in Arts.htm
-
-
-Release 1999a - 1999-01-19 16:20:29 -0500
-
-  error message internationalizations and corrections in zic.c and
-  zdump.c (as suggested by Vladimir Michl, vladimir.michl at upol.cz,
-  to whom thanks!)
-
-
-Release code1998h-data1998i - 1998-10-01 09:56:10 -0400
-
-  changes for Brazil, Chile, and Germany
-
-  support for use of "24:00" in the input files for the time zone compiler
-
-
-Release code1998g-data1998h - 1998-09-24 10:50:28 -0400
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  correction to a define in the "private.h" file
-
-
-Release data1998g - 1998-08-11 03:28:35 -0000
-  [tzdata1998g.tar.gz is missing!]
-
-  Lithuanian change provided by mgedmin at pub.osf.it
-
-  Move creation of the GMT link with Etc/GMT to "etcetera" (from
-  "backward") to ensure that the GMT file is created even where folks
-  don't want the "backward" links (as suggested by Paul Eggert).
-
-
-Release data1998f - 1998-07-20 13:50:00 -0000
-  [tzdata1998f.tar.gz is missing!]
-
-  Update the "leapseconds" file to include the newly-announced
-  insertion at the end of 1998.
-
-
-Release code1998f - 1998-06-01 10:18:31 -0400
-
-  addition to localtime.c by Guy Harris
-
-
-Release 1998e - 1998-05-28 09:56:26 -0400
-
-  The Makefile is changed to produce zoneinfo-posix rather than
-  zoneinfo/posix, and to produce zoneinfo-leaps rather than
-  zoneinfo/right.
-
-  data changes by Paul Eggert
-
-  changes from Guy Harris to provide asctime_r and ctime_r
-
-  A usno1998 file (substantially identical to usno1997) has been added.
-
-
-Release 1998d - 1998-05-14 11:58:34 -0400
-
-  changes to comments (in particular, elimination of references to CIA maps).
-  "Arts.htm", "WWW.htm", "asia", and "australasia" are the only places
-  where changes occur.
-
-
-Release 1998c - 1998-02-28 12:32:26 -0500
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert (save the "French correction," on which I'll
-  wait for the dust to settle)
-
-  symlink changes
-
-  changes and additions to Arts.htm
-
-
-Release 1998b - 1998-01-17 14:31:51 -0500
-
-  URL cleanups and additions
-
-
-Release 1998a - 1998-01-13 12:37:35 -0500
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-
-Release code1997i-data1997k - 1997-12-29 09:53:41 -0500
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert, with minor modifications from Arthur David
-  Olson to make the files more browser friendly
-
-
-Release code1997h-data1997j - 1997-12-18 17:47:35 -0500
-
-  minor changes to put "TZif" at the start of each timezone information file
-
-  a rule has also been added to the Makefile so you can
-	make zones
-  to just recompile the zone information files (rather than doing a
-  full "make install" with its other effects).
-
-
-Release data1997i - 1997-10-07 08:45:38 -0400
-
-  changes to Africa by Paul Eggert
-
-
-Release code1997g-data1997h - 1997-09-04 16:56:54 -0400
-
-  corrections for Uruguay (and other locations)
-
-  Arthur David Olson's simple-minded fix allowing mktime to both
-  correctly handle leap seconds and correctly handle tm_sec values
-  upon which arithmetic has been performed.
-
-
-Release code1997f-data1997g - 1997-07-19 13:15:02 -0400
-
-  Paul Eggert's updates
-
-  a small change to a function prototype;
-
-  "Music" has been renamed "Arts.htm", HTMLified, and augmented to
-  include information on Around the World in Eighty Days.
-
-
-Release code1997e-data1997f - 1997-05-03 18:52:34 -0400
-
-  fixes to zic's error handling
-
-  changes inspired by the item circulated on Slovenia
-
-  The description of Web resources has been HTMLified for browsing
-  convenience.
-
-  A new piece of tz-related music has been added to the "Music" file.
-
-
-Release code1997d-data1997e - 1997-03-29 12:48:52 -0500
-
-  Paul Eggert's latest suggestions
-
-
-Release code1997c-data1997d - 1997-03-07 20:37:54 -0500
-
-  changes to "zic.c" to correct performance of the "-s" option
-
-  a new file "usno1997"
-
-
-Release data1997c - 1997-03-04 09:58:18 -0500
-
-  changes in Israel
-
-
-Release 1997b - 1997-02-27 18:34:19 -0500
-
-  The data file incorporates the 1997 leap second.
-
-  The code file incorporates Arthur David Olson's take on the
-  zic/multiprocessor/directory-creation situation.
-
-
-Release 1997a - 1997-01-21 09:11:10 -0500
-
-  Paul Eggert's Antarctica (and other changes)
-
-  Arthur David Olson finessed the "getopt" issue by checking against
-  both -1 and EOF (regardless of POSIX, SunOS 4.1.1's manual says -1
-  is returned while SunOS 5.5's manual says EOF is returned).
-
-
-Release code1996o-data1996n - 1996-12-27 21:42:05 -0500
-
-  Paul Eggert's latest changes
-
-
-Release code1996n - 1996-12-16 09:42:02 -0500
-
-  link snapping fix from Bruce Evans (via Garrett Wollman)
-
-
-Release data1996m - 1996-11-24 02:37:34 -0000
-  [tzdata1996m.tar.gz is missing!]
-
-  Paul Eggert's batch of changes
-
-
-Release code1996m-data1996l - 1996-11-05 14:00:12 -0500
-
-  No functional changes here; the files have simply been changed to
-  make more use of ISO style dates in comments. The names of the above
-  files now include the year in full.
-
-
-Release code96l - 1996-09-08 17:12:20 -0400
-
-  tzcode96k was missing a couple of pieces.
-
-
-Release 96k - 1996-09-08 16:06:22 -0400
-
-  the latest round of changes from Paul Eggert
-
-  the recent Year 2000 material
-
-
-Release code96j - 1996-07-30 13:18:53 -0400
-
-  Set sp->typecnt as suggested by Timothy Patrick Murphy.
-
-
-Release code96i - 1996-07-27 20:11:35 -0400
-
-  Paul's suggested patch for strftime %V week numbers
-
-
-Release data96i - 1996-07-01 18:13:04 -0400
-
-  "northamerica" and "europe" changes by Paul Eggert
-
-
-Release code96h - 1996-06-05 08:02:21 -0400
-
-  fix for handling transitions specified in Universal Time
-
-  Some "public domain" notices have also been added.
-
-
-Release code96g - 1996-05-16 14:00:26 -0400
-
-  fix for the simultaneous-DST-and-zone-change challenge
-
-
-Release data96h - 1996-05-09 17:40:51 -0400
-
-  changes by Paul Eggert
-
-
-Release code96f-data96g - 1996-05-03 03:09:59 -0000
-  [tzcode96f.tar.gz + tzdata96g.tar.gz are both missing!]
-
-  The changes get us some of the way to fixing the problems noted in Paul
-  Eggert's letter yesterday (in addition to a few others).  The approach
-  has been to make zic a bit smarter about figuring out what time zone
-  abbreviations apply just after the time specified in the "UNTIL" part
-  of a zone line.  Putting the smarts in zic means avoiding having
-  transition times show up in both "Zone" lines and "Rule" lines, which
-  in turn avoids multiple transition time entries in time zone files.
-  (This also makes the zic input files such as "europe" a bit shorter and
-  should ease maintenance.)
-
-
-Release data96f - 1996-04-19 19:20:03 -0000
-  [tzdata96f.tar.gz is missing!]
-
-  The only changes are to the "northamerica" file; the time zone
-  abbreviation for Denver is corrected to MST (and MDT), and the
-  comments for Mexico have been updated.
-
-
-Release data96e - 1996-03-19 17:37:26 -0500
-
-  Proposals by Paul Eggert, in particular the Portugal change that
-  comes into play at the end of this month.
-
-
-Release data96d - 1996-03-18 20:49:39 -0500
-
-  [not summarized]
-
-
-Release code96e - 1996-02-29 15:43:27 -0000
-  [tzcode96e.tar.gz is missing!]
-
-  internationalization changes and the fix to the documentation for strftime
-
-
-Release code96d-data96c - 1996-02-12 11:05:27 -0500
-
-  The "code" file simply updates Bob Kridle's electronic address.
-
-  The "data" file updates rules for Mexico.
-
-
-Release data96b - 1996-01-27 15:44:42 -0500
-
-  Kiribati change
-
-
-Release code96c - 1996-01-16 16:58:15 -0500
-
-  leap-year streamlining and binary-search changes
-
-  fix to newctime.3
-
-
-Release code96b - 1996-01-10 20:42:39 -0500
-
-  fixes and enhancements from Paul Eggert, including code that
-  emulates the behavior of recent versions of the SunOS "date"
-  command.
-
-
-Release 96a - 1996-01-06 09:08:24 -0500
-
-  Israel updates
-
-  fixes to strftime.c for correct ISO 8601 week number generation,
-  plus support for two new formats ('G' and 'g') to give ISO 8601 year
-  numbers (which are not necessarily the same as calendar year numbers)
-
-
-Release code95i-data95m - 1995-12-21 12:46:47 -0500
-
-  The latest revisions from Paul Eggert are included, the usno1995
-  file has been updated, and a new file ("WWW") covering useful URLs
-  has been added.
-
-
-Release code95h-data95l - 1995-12-19 18:10:12 -0500
-
-  A simplification of a macro definition, a change to data for Sudan,
-  and (for last minute shoppers) notes in the "Music" file on the CD
-  "Old Man Time".
-
-
-Release code95g-data95k - 1995-10-30 10:32:47 -0500
-
-  (slightly reformatted) 8-bit-clean proposed patch
-
-  minor patch: US/Eastern -> America/New_York
-
-  snapshot of the USNO's latest data ("usno1995")
-
-  some other minor cleanups
-
-
-Release code95f-data95j - 1995-10-28 21:01:34 -0000
-  [tzcode95f.tar.gz + tzdata95j.tar.gz are both missing!]
-
-  European cleanups
-
-  support for 64-bit time_t's
-
-  optimization in localtime.c
-
-
-Release code95e - 1995-10-13 13:23:57 -0400
-
-  the mktime change to scan from future to past when trying to find time zone
-  offsets
-
-
-Release data95i - 1995-09-26 10:43:26 -0400
-
-  For Canada/Central, guess that the Sun customer's "one week too
-  early" was just a approximation, and the true error is one month
-  too early.  This is consistent with the rest of Canada.
-
-
-Release data95h - 1995-09-21 11:26:48 -0400
-
-  latest changes from Paul Eggert
-
-
-Release code95d - 1995-09-14 11:14:45 -0400
-
-  the addition of a "Music" file, which documents four recorded
-  versions of the tune "Save That Time".
-
-
-Release data95g - 1995-09-01 17:21:36 -0400
-
-  "yearistype" correction
-
-
-Release data95f - 1995-08-28 20:46:56 -0400
-
-  Paul Eggert's change to the australasia file
-
-
-Release data95e - 1995-07-08 18:02:34 -0400
-
-  The only change is a leap second at the end of this year.
-  Thanks to Bradley White for forwarding news on the leap second.
-
-
-Release data95d - 1995-07-03 13:26:22 -0400
-
-  Paul Eggert's changes
-
-
-Release data95c - 1995-07-02 19:19:28 -0400
-
-  changes to "asia", "backward", "europe", and "southamerica"
-  (read: northamericacentrics need not apply)
-
-
-Release code95c - 1995-03-13 14:00:46 -0500
-
-  one-line fix for sign extension problems in detzcode
-
-
-Release 95b - 1995-03-04 11:22:38 -0500
-
-  Minor changes in both:
-
-  The "code" file contains a workaround for the lack of "unistd.h" in
-  Microsoft C++ version 7.
-
-  The "data" file contains a fixed "Link" for America/Shiprock.
-
-
-Release 94h - 1994-12-10 12:51:14 -0500
-
-  The files:
-
-  *	incorporate the changes to "zdump" and "date" to make changes to
-	the "TZ" environment variable permanent;
-
-  *	incorporate the table changes by Paul Eggert;
-
-  *	include (and document) support for universal time specifications in
-	data files - but do not (yet) include use of this feature in the
-	data files.
-
-  Think of this as "TZ Classic" - the software has been set up not to break if
-  universal time shows up in its input, and data entries have been
-  left as is so as not to break existing implementations.
-
-
-Release data94f - 1994-08-20 12:56:09 -0400
-
-  (with thanks!) the latest data updates from Paul Eggert
-
-
-Release data94e - 1994-06-04 13:13:53 -0400
-
-  [not summarized]
-
-
-Release code94g - 1994-05-05 12:14:07 -0400
-
-  fix missing "optind.c" and a reference to it in the Makefile
-
-
-Release code94f - 1994-05-05 13:00:33 -0000
-  [tzcode94f.tar.gz is missing!]
-
-  changes to avoid overflow in difftime, as well as changes to cope
-  with the 52/53 challenge in strftime
-
-
-Release code94e - 1994-03-30 23:32:59 -0500
-
-  change for the benefit of PCTS
-
-
-Release 94d - 1994-02-24 15:42:25 -0500
-
-  Avoid clashes with POSIX semantics for zones such as GMT+4.
-
-  Some other very minor housekeeping is also present.
-
-
-Release code94c - 1994-02-10 08:52:40 -0500
-
-  Fix bug where mkdirs was broken unless you compile with
-  -fwritable-strings (which is generally losing to do).
-
-
-Release 94b - 1994-02-07 10:04:33 -0500
-
-  work by Paul Eggert who notes:
-
-  I found another book of time zone histories by E W Whitman; it's not
-  as extensive as Shanks but has a few goodies of its own.  I used it
-  to update the tables.  I also fixed some more as a result of
-  correspondence with Adam David and Peter Ilieve, and move some stray
-  links from 'europe' to 'backward'.  I corrected some scanning errors
-  in usno1989.
-
-  As far as the code goes, I fixed zic to allow years in the range
-  INT_MIN to INT_MAX; this fixed a few boundary conditions around 1900.
-  And I cleaned up the zic documentation a little bit.
-
-
-Release data94a - 1994-02-03 08:58:54 -0500
-
-  It simply incorporates the recently announced leap second into the
-  "leapseconds" file.
-
-
-Release 93g - 1993-11-22 17:28:27 -0500
-
-  Paul Eggert has provided a good deal of historic information (based
-  on Shanks), and there are some code changes to deal with the buglets
-  that crawled out in dealing with the new information.
-
-
-Release 93f - 1993-10-15 12:27:46 -0400
-
-  Paul Eggert's changes
-
-
-Release 93e - 1993-09-05 21:21:44 -0400
-
-  This has updated data for Israel, England, and Kwajalein.  There's
-  also an update to "zdump" to cope with Kwajalein's 24-hour jump.
-  Thanks to Paul Eggert and Peter Ilieve for the changes.
-
-
-Release 93d - 1993-06-17 23:34:17 -0400
-
-  new fix and new data on Israel
-
-
-Release 93c - 1993-06-06 19:31:55 -0400
-
-  [not summarized]
-
-
-Release 93b - 1993-02-02 14:53:58 -0500
-
-  updated "leapseconds" file
-
-
-Release 93 - 1993-01-08 07:01:06 -0500
-
-  At kre's suggestion, the package has been split in two - a code piece
-  (which also includes documentation) that's only of use to folks who
-  want to recompile things and a data piece useful to anyone who can
-  run "zic".
-
-  The new version has a few changes to the data files, a few
-  portability changes, and an off-by-one fix (with thanks to
-  Tom Karzes at deshaw.com for providing a description and a
-  solution).
-
-
-Release 92c - 1992-11-21 17:35:36 -0000
-  [tz92c.tar.Z is missing!]
-
-  The fallout from the latest round of DST transitions.
-
-  There are changes for Portugal, Saskatchewan, and "Pacific-New";
-  there's also a change to "zic.c" that makes it portable to more systems.
-
-
-Release 92 - 1992-04-25 18:17:03 -0000
-  [tz92.tar.Z is missing!]
-
-  By popular demand (well, at any rate, following a request by kre at munnari)
-
-
-The 1989 update of the time zone package featured:
-
-  *	POSIXization (including interpretation of POSIX-style TZ environment
-	variables, provided by Guy Harris),
-  *	ANSIfication (including versions of "mktime" and "difftime"),
-  *	SVIDulation (an "altzone" variable)
-  *	MACHination (the "gtime" function)
-  *	corrections to some time zone data (including corrections to the rules
-	for Great Britain and New Zealand)
-  *	reference data from the United States Naval Observatory for folks who
-	want to do additional time zones
-  *	and the 1989 data for Saudi Arabia.
-
-  (Since this code will be treated as "part of the implementation" in some
-  places and as "part of the application" in others, there's no good way to
-  name functions, such as timegm, that are not part of the proposed ANSI C
-  standard; such functions have kept their old, underscore-free names in this
-  update.)
-
-  And the "dysize" function has disappeared; it was present to allow
-  compilation of the "date" command on old BSD systems, and a version of "date"
-  is now provided in the package.  The "date" command is not created when you
-  "make all" since it may lack options provided by the version distributed with
-  your operating system, or may not interact with the system in the same way
-  the native version does.
-
-  Since POSIX frowns on correct leap second handling, the default behavior of
-  the "zic" command (in the absence of a "-L" option) has been changed to omit
-  leap second information from its output files.
-
-
------
-Notes
-
-This file contains copies of the part of each release announcement
-that talks about the changes in that release.  The text has been
-adapted and reformatted for the purposes of this file.
-
-Traditionally a release R consists of a pair of tarball files,
-tzcodeR.tar.gz and tzdataR.tar.gz.  However, some releases (e.g.,
-code2010a, data2012c) consist of just one or the other tarball, and a
-few (e.g., code2012c-data2012d) have tarballs with mixed version
-numbers.  Recent releases also come in an experimental format
-consisting of a single tarball tzdb-R.tar.lz with extra data.
-
-Release timestamps are taken from the release's commit (for newer,
-Git-based releases), from the newest file in the tarball (for older
-releases, where this info is available) or from the email announcing
-the release (if all else fails; these are marked with a time zone
-abbreviation of -0000 and an "is missing!" comment).
-
-Earlier versions of the code and data were not announced on the tz
-list and are not summarized here.
-
-This file is in the public domain.
-
-Local Variables:
-coding: utf-8
-End:
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/README b/inst/tzdata/README
deleted file mode 100644
index 145aacd4..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/README
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-README for the tz distribution
-
-"Where do I set the hands of the clock?" -- Les Tremayne as The King
-"Oh that--you can set them any place you want." -- Frank Baxter as The Scientist
-					(from the Bell System film "About Time")
-
-The Time Zone Database (called tz, tzdb or zoneinfo) contains code and
-data that represent the history of local time for many representative
-locations around the globe.  It is updated periodically to reflect
-changes made by political bodies to time zone boundaries, UTC offsets,
-and daylight-saving rules.
-
-See  or the
-file tz-link.html for how to acquire the code and data.  Once acquired,
-read the comments in the file 'Makefile' and make any changes needed
-to make things right for your system, especially if you are using some
-platform other than GNU/Linux.  Then run the following commands,
-substituting your desired installation directory for "$HOME/tzdir":
-
-	make TOPDIR=$HOME/tzdir install
-	$HOME/tzdir/usr/bin/zdump -v America/Los_Angeles
-
-See the file tz-how-to.html for examples of how to read the data files.
-
-This database of historical local time information has several goals:
-
- * Provide a compendium of data about the history of civil time that
-   is useful even if not 100% accurate.
-
- * Give an idea of the variety of local time rules that have existed
-   in the past and thus may be expected in the future.
-
- * Test the generality of the local time rule description system.
-
-The information in the time zone data files is by no means authoritative;
-fixes and enhancements are welcome.  Please see the file CONTRIBUTING
-for details.
-
-Thanks to these Time Zone Caballeros who've made major contributions to the
-time conversion package: Keith Bostic; Bob Devine; Paul Eggert; Robert Elz;
-Guy Harris; Mark Horton; John Mackin; and Bradley White.  Thanks also to
-Michael Bloom, Art Neilson, Stephen Prince, John Sovereign, and Frank Wales
-for testing work, and to Gwillim Law for checking local mean time data.
-Thanks in particular to Arthur David Olson, the project's founder and first
-maintainer, to whom the time zone community owes the greatest debt of all.
-None of them are responsible for remaining errors.
-
------
-
-This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by
-Arthur David Olson.  The other files in this distribution are either
-public domain or BSD licensed; see the file LICENSE for details.
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/africa b/inst/tzdata/africa
deleted file mode 100644
index 28168cfc..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/africa
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1651 +0,0 @@
-# tzdb data for Africa and environs
-
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
-# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
-# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27):
-#
-# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
-# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
-# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
-#
-# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
-# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
-# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
-# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
-# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
-#
-# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
-# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
-# I found in the UCLA library.
-#
-# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
-# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
-#
-# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
-#
-# European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
-# For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
-# Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
-# for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
-# but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
-# 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
-# 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
-# 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
-# the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
-#
-# To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
-#	 +00	GMT	Greenwich Mean Time
-#	 +02	CAT	Central Africa Time
-#	 +02	SAST	South Africa Standard Time
-# and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
-#	 +01	WAT	West Africa Time
-# Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
-# I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
-# cannot now come up with solid citations.
-#
-# I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s:
-#	 +02	WAST	West Africa Summer Time
-#	 +03	CAST	Central Africa Summer Time
-#	 +03	SAST	South Africa Summer Time
-#	 +03	EAT	East Africa Time
-# 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though
-# the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps,
-# they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
-# Corrections are welcome.
-
-# Algeria
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Algeria	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Algeria	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Algeria	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Algeria	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Algeria	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Algeria	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Algeria	1921	only	-	Jun	21	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Sep	11	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Algeria	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Algeria	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Algeria	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Algeria	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Apr	25	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Algeria	1971	only	-	Sep	26	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Algeria	1977	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Mar	24	 1:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Algeria	1978	only	-	Sep	22	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Algeria	1980	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	-
-# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Algiers	0:12:12 -	LMT	1891 Mar 16
-			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
-			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1940 Feb 25  2:00
-			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1946 Oct  7
-			0:00	-	WET	1956 Jan 29
-			1:00	-	CET	1963 Apr 14
-			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1977 Oct 21
-			1:00	Algeria	CE%sT	1979 Oct 26
-			0:00	Algeria	WE%sT	1981 May
-			1:00	-	CET
-
-# Angola
-# Benin
-# See Africa/Lagos.
-
-# Botswana
-# See Africa/Maputo.
-
-# Burkina Faso
-# See Africa/Abidjan.
-
-# Burundi
-# See Africa/Maputo.
-
-# Cameroon
-# See Africa/Lagos.
-
-# Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
-# Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
-# For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
-# (see Europe/Lisbon).
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -	LMT	1912 Jan 01  2:00u # Praia
-			-2:00	-	-02	1942 Sep
-			-2:00	1:00	-01	1945 Oct 15
-			-2:00	-	-02	1975 Nov 25  2:00
-			-1:00	-	-01
-
-# Central African Republic
-# See Africa/Lagos.
-
-# Chad
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Ndjamena	1:00:12 -	LMT	1912        # N'Djamena
-			1:00	-	WAT	1979 Oct 14
-			1:00	1:00	WAST	1980 Mar  8
-			1:00	-	WAT
-
-# Comoros
-# See Africa/Nairobi.
-
-# Democratic Republic of the Congo
-# See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
-
-# Republic of the Congo
-# See Africa/Lagos.
-
-# Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Abidjan	-0:16:08 -	LMT	1912
-			 0:00	-	GMT
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako	# Mali
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul	# Gambia
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry	# Guinea
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar	# Senegal
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown	# Sierra Leone
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome		# Togo
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott	# Mauritania
-Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou	# Burkina Faso
-Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena	# St Helena
-
-# Djibouti
-# See Africa/Nairobi.
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Egypt
-
-# Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
-# observatory; round to nearest.  Milne also says that the official time for
-# Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
-# did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	1940	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	1941	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	1942	1944	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	1942	only	-	Oct	27	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	1943	1945	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	1945	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	1959	1981	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	1966	1994	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	1982	only	-	Jul	25	1:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	1983	only	-	Jul	12	1:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	1984	1988	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	1989	only	-	May	 6	1:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	1990	1994	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
-# IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
-# Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
-# "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
-# saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
-# Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
-#
-# Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
-# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
-# or
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
-Rule	Egypt	1995	2010	-	Apr	lastFri	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	1995	2005	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
-# The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
-# Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
-# after observing the daylight saving time since May.
-# http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
-Rule	Egypt	2006	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-# From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
-# I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
-# saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
-# http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
-# http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
-Rule	Egypt	2007	only	-	Sep	Thu>=1	24:00	0	-
-# From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
-# Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
-# than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
-# year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
-# hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
-# shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
-# unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
-# For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
-
-# From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
-# The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
-#
-# > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
-# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
-# Apr 23
-# > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
-# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
-# Apr 24
-# > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
-# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
-# Aug 27
-# > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
-# > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
-# Aug 27
-# > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
-#
-# > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
-# :59)
-# > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
-#
-# timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
-#
-# [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
-# [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
-# [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
-# In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
-# Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
-# in September.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
-# We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
-# Information and Decision Support Center:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
-#
-# The Middle East News Agency
-# https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
-# also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
-# today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
-# Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
-# and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
-# (at least today).
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
-# According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
-# decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
-# Ramadan.
-#
-# Arabic translation:
-# "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
-# http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
-
-# From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
-# Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
-# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
-
-# From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
-# our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
-
-# From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
-# We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
-# in Egypt.  The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
-# http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
-# [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
-# translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
-# take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
-# to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
-# and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
-# o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014."  This statement has been
-# reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
-# http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
-# Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
-# the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
-# above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  There is
-# no information about when DST will end this fall.  See:
-# http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
-# Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
-# This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
-# Thursday of April....  Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
-# dates not yet announced....
-# http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
-
-# From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
-# Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
-# least for 2015.
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
-# http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
-# "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
-# time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
-# practice altogether in future years."
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
-# Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
-# decision to abandon DST permanently.  See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
-# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
-# Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
-# http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
-# From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
-# Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
-
-Rule	Egypt	2008	only	-	Aug	lastThu	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2009	only	-	Aug	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Aug	10	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	 9	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2010	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	May	15	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jun	26	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Jul	31	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Egypt	2014	only	-	Sep	lastThu	24:00	0	-
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Cairo	2:05:09 -	LMT	1900 Oct
-			2:00	Egypt	EE%sT
-
-# Equatorial Guinea
-# See Africa/Lagos.
-
-# Eritrea
-# See Africa/Nairobi.
-
-# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)
-# See Africa/Johannesburg.
-
-# Ethiopia
-# See Africa/Nairobi.
-#
-# Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia,
-# as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian
-# timekeeping practice that is based on solar time.  See:
-# Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double
-# check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05.
-# https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time
-
-# Gabon
-# See Africa/Lagos.
-
-# Gambia
-# See Africa/Abidjan.
-
-# Ghana
-
-# From P Chan (2020-11-20):
-# Interpretation Amendment Ordinance, 1915 (No.24 of 1915) [1915-11-02]
-# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1915, p 69-71
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=ErA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA70
-# This Ordinance added "'Time' shall mean Greenwich Mean Time" to the
-# Interpretation Ordinance, 1876.
-#
-# Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919 (No. 18 of 1919) [1919-11-24]
-# Ordinances of the Gold Coast, Ashanti, Northern Territories 1919, p 75-76
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=MbA-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA75
-# This Ordinance removed the previous definition of time and introduced DST.
-#
-# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 214)
-# The Laws of the Gold Coast (including Togoland Under British Mandate)
-# Vol. II (1937), p 2328
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=Z7M-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA2328
-# Revised edition of the 1919 Ordinance.
-#
-# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1940 (No. 9 of 1940) [1940-04-06]
-# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
-# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1940, p 22
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=1ao-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA22
-# This Ordinance changed the forward transition from September to May.
-#
-# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment) Regulations, 1942
-# (Regulations No. 6 of 1942) [1942-01-31, commenced on 1942-02-08]
-# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
-# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 48
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA48
-# These regulations advanced the [standard] time by thirty minutes.
-#
-# Defence (Time Determination Ordinance Amendment (No.2)) Regulations,
-# 1942 (Regulations No. 28 of 1942) [1942-04-25]
-# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
-# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1942, p 87
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=Das-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA87
-# These regulations abolished DST and changed the time to GMT+0:30.
-#
-# Defence (Revocation) (No.4) Regulations, 1945 (Regulations No. 45 of
-# 1945) [1945-10-24, commenced on 1946-01-06]
-# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
-# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 256
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA256
-# These regulations revoked the previous two sets of Regulations.
-#
-# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1945 (No. 18 of 1945) [1946-01-06]
-# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
-# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1945, p 69
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=9as-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA69
-# This Ordinance abolished DST.
-#
-# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1950 (No. 26 of 1950) [1950-07-22]
-# Annual Volume of the Laws of the Gold Coast:
-# Containing All Legislation Enacted During Year 1950, p 35
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=e60-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA35
-# This Ordinance restored DST but with thirty minutes offset.
-#
-# Time Determination Ordinance (Cap. 264)
-# The Laws of the Gold Coast, Vol. V (1954), p 380
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=Mqc-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA380
-# Revised edition of the Time Determination Ordinance.
-#
-# Time Determination (Amendment) Ordinance, 1956 (No. 21 of 1956) [1956-08-29]
-# Annual Volume of the Ordinances of the Gold Coast Enacted During the
-# Year 1956, p 83
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=VLE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA83
-# This Ordinance abolished DST.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Ghana	1919	only	-	Nov	24	0:00	0:20	+0020
-Rule	Ghana	1920	1942	-	Jan	 1	2:00	0	GMT
-Rule	Ghana	1920	1939	-	Sep	 1	2:00	0:20	+0020
-Rule	Ghana	1940	1941	-	May	 1	2:00	0:20	+0020
-Rule	Ghana	1950	1955	-	Sep	 1	2:00	0:30	+0030
-Rule	Ghana	1951	1956	-	Jan	 1	2:00	0	GMT
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Accra	-0:00:52 -	LMT	1915 Nov  2
-			 0:00	Ghana	%s	1942 Feb  8
-			 0:30	-	+0030	1946 Jan  6
-			 0:00	Ghana	%s
-
-# Guinea
-# See Africa/Abidjan.
-
-# Guinea-Bissau
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
-# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
-# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
-# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect.
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Bissau	-1:02:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  1:00u
-			-1:00	-	-01	1975
-			 0:00	-	GMT
-
-# Kenya
-
-# From P Chan (2020-10-24):
-#
-# The standard time of GMT+2:30 was adopted in the East Africa Protectorate....
-# [The Official Gazette, 1908-05-01, p 274]
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=e-cAC-sjPSEC&pg=PA274
-#
-# At midnight on 30 June 1928 the clocks throughout Kenya was put forward
-# half an hour by the Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1928.
-# https://gazettes.africa/archive/ke/1928/ke-government-gazette-dated-1928-05-11-no-28.pdf
-# [Ordinance No. 11 of 1928, The Offical Gazette, 1928-06-26, p 813]
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=2S0S6os32ZUC&pg=PA813
-#
-# The 1928 ordinance was repealed by the Alteration of Time (repeal) Ordinance,
-# 1929 and the time was restored to GMT+2:30 at midnight on 4 January 1930.
-# [Ordinance No. 97 of 1929, The Official Gazette, 1929-12-31, p 2701]
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=_g18jIZQlwwC&pg=PA2701
-#
-# The Alteration of Time Ordinance, 1936 changed the time to GMT+2:45
-# and repealed the previous ordinance at midnight on 31 December 1936.
-# [The Official Gazette, 1936-07-21, p 705]
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=K7j41z0aC5wC&pg=PA705
-#
-# The Defence (Amendment of Laws No. 120) Regulations changed the time
-# to GMT+3 at midnight on 31 July 1942.
-# [Kenya Official Gazette Supplement No. 32, 1942-07-21, p 331]
-# https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=c_E-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA331
-# The provision of the 1936 ordinance was not repealed and was later
-# incorporated in the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance in 1948.
-# Although it was overridden by the 1942 regulations.
-# [The Laws of Kenya in force on 1948-09-21, Title I, Chapter 1, 31]
-# https://dds.crl.edu/item/217517 (p.101)
-# In 1950 the Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance was amended to adopt
-# GMT+3 permanently as the 1942 regulations were due to expire on 10 December.
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=jvR8mUDAwR0C&pg=PA787
-# [Ordinance No. 44 of 1950, Kenya Ordinances 1950, Vol. XXIX, p 294]
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=-_dQAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA294
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-24):
-# The 1908-05-01 announcement does not give an effective date,
-# so just say "1908 May".
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Nairobi	2:27:16	-	LMT	1908 May
-			2:30	-	+0230	1928 Jun 30 24:00
-			3:00	-	EAT	1930 Jan  4 24:00
-			2:30	-	+0230	1936 Dec 31 24:00
-			2:45	-	+0245	1942 Jul 31 24:00
-			3:00	-	EAT
-Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa	 # Ethiopia
-Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara	 # Eritrea
-Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
-Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
-Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala	 # Uganda
-Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu	 # Somalia
-Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo	 # Madagascar
-Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
-Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
-
-# Lesotho
-# See Africa/Johannesburg.
-
-# Liberia
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):
-#
-# The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.
-#
-# In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset
-# that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.  The 1972 change was on
-# 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
-# Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
-# President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
-# Monrovia: Executive Mansion.
-#
-# Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric
-# abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Monrovia	-0:43:08 -	LMT	1882
-			-0:43:08 -	MMT	1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
-			-0:44:30 -	MMT	1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
-			 0:00	-	GMT
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Libya
-
-# From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
-# Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
-# https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
-# Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
-#
-# Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
-# Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
-# The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
-# (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
-# lastFri instead of lastSun).
-
-# From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
-# The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
-# cancelled yesterday....
-# https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
-# For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Libya	1951	only	-	Oct	14	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Libya	1952	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Libya	1953	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Libya	1954	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Libya	1955	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Libya	1956	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Libya	1982	1984	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Libya	1982	1985	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Libya	1985	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Libya	1986	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Libya	1987	1989	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Libya	1997	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Libya	2013	only	-	Mar	lastFri	1:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Libya	2013	only	-	Oct	lastFri	2:00	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Tripoli	0:52:44 -	LMT	1920
-			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1959
-			2:00	-	EET	1982
-			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1990 May  4
-# The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
-# the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
-			2:00	-	EET	1996 Sep 30
-			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	1997 Oct  4
-			2:00	-	EET	2012 Nov 10  2:00
-			1:00	Libya	CE%sT	2013 Oct 25  2:00
-			2:00	-	EET
-
-# Madagascar
-# See Africa/Nairobi.
-
-# Malawi
-# See Africa/Maputo.
-
-# Mali
-# Mauritania
-# See Africa/Abidjan.
-
-# Mauritius
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
-# Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
-# basis....
-# It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
-# 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
-
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
-# http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
-# The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
-# final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
-# would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
-# Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
-# According to
-# http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
-# (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
-# than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start
-# date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
-# given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
-#
-# A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
-# to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
-# but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
-# USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
-# why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
-# changes two days later.
-
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
-# Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
-# time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
-# published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
-#
-# I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
-# de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
-# and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
-
-# From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
-# The Government of Mauritius weblink
-# http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
-# Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
-#
-# 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
-# of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
-# Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
-# the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
-# States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
-# last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
-# the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
-# year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
-# and end on 29 March 2009.
-
-# From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
-# THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
-# beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
-# morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
-# http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
-# According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
-# DST the coming summer...
-#
-# Some sources, in French:
-# http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
-# http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
-#
-# Our wrap-up:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
-# The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
-# "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
-# at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule Mauritius	1982	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule Mauritius	1983	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	0	-
-Rule Mauritius	2008	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule Mauritius	2009	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Mauritius	3:50:00 -	LMT	1907 # Port Louis
-			4:00 Mauritius	+04/+05
-# Agalega Is, Rodriguez
-# no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
-
-# Mayotte
-# See Africa/Nairobi.
-
-# Morocco
-# See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
-
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
-# Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
-# 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
-#
-# "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
-# be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
-# Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
-#
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
-# http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
-
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
-# The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
-# Presse:
-# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
-#
-# Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
-# spokesman.
-
-# From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
-# According to this article:
-# https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
-# (and republished here: )
-# the changes occur at midnight:
-#
-# Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
-# interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
-# Sunday night the 28th at midnight
-#
-# Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
-# the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
-# Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
-# June 1st to Sept 27th.
-#
-# The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
-# published on the web.
-#
-# It's also confirmed here:
-# http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
-# on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
-# posted in English).
-#
-# The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
-# https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
-# Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
-# and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
-# of September:
-#
-# One article about it (in French):
-# http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
-#
-# We have some further details posted here:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
-# Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
-# to many sources, such as
-# http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
-# http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
-# (French)
-#
-# Our summary:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
-# Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
-# Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
-#
-# Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
-# concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
-# Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
-# advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
-#
-# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
-# Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
-# of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
-# 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
-#
-# Example:
-# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
-# (French)
-# Our page:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
-
-# From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
-# ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
-# The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
-# The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
-# ...Official links of change in morocco
-# The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
-# I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
-# +212.537.71.84.00
-# http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
-# They said that
-# http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
-# is the official publication to look at.
-# They said that the decision was already taken.
-#
-# More articles in the press
-# https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
-# http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
-# http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
-
-# From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
-# They have it written in English here:
-# http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
-#
-# It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
-# 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
-# wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
-# also been like that in the past.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
-# According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
-# on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
-# Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
-# http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
-# Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
-# the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
-# last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
-# except the month of Ramadan.
-# or (brief)
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
-# The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
-# effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
-# it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
-# Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
-# start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
-
-# From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
-# Seen Morocco change again:
-# http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
-# "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
-# comme annoncé précédemment."
-
-# From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
-# The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
-# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
-#
-# Google translation, lightly edited:
-# Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
-# Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
-# 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
-# Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
-# of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
-# of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
-# Monday, August 20, 2012.  So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
-# 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
-# August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
-# Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
-# announced a bit in advance.  On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
-# announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
-# 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
-# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
-
-# From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
-# Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
-# transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
-# http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
-# Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
-# before it was going to end.  There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
-# this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
-# to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules.  Official
-# source (French):
-# http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
-# Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
-# http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
-
-# From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
-# http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
-
-# From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
-# The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
-# to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time....  DST
-# will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
-# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
-
-# From Milamber (2015-06-08):
-# (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
-# Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
-# that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
-# 2015 at 2:00.  The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
-# 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
-# 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
-# Source (french):
-# https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
-#
-# From Milamber (2015-06-09):
-# http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
-#
-# From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
-# [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
-# from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
-# I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
-#  agrees
-# with the patch.
-
-# From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26):
-# Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition
-# of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone.
-# From Matt Johnson (2018-10-28):
-# http://www.sgg.gov.ma/Portals/1/BO/2018/BO_6720-bis_Ar.pdf
-#
-# From Maamar Abdelkader (2018-11-01):
-# We usually move clocks back the previous week end and come back to the +1
-# the week end after....  The government does not announce yet the decision
-# about this temporary change.  But it s 99% sure that it will be the case,
-# as in previous years.  An unofficial survey was done these days, showing
-# that 64% of asked people are ok for moving from +1 to +0 during Ramadan.
-# https://leconomiste.com/article/1035870-enquete-l-economiste-sunergia-64-des-marocains-plebiscitent-le-gmt-pendant-ramadan
-
-# From Naoufal Semlali (2019-04-16):
-# Morocco will be on GMT starting from Sunday, May 5th 2019 at 3am.
-# The switch to GMT+1 will occur on Sunday, June 9th 2019 at 2am....
-# http://fr.le360.ma/societe/voici-la-date-du-retour-a-lheure-legale-au-maroc-188222
-
-# From Semlali Naoufal (2020-04-14):
-# Following the announcement by the Moroccan government, the switch to
-# GMT time will take place on Sunday, April 19, 2020 from 3 a.m. and
-# the return to GMT+1 time will take place on Sunday, May 31, 2020 at 2 a.m....
-# https://maroc-diplomatique.net/maroc-le-retour-a-lheure-gmt-est-prevu-dimanche-prochain/
-# http://aujourdhui.ma/actualite/gmt1-retour-a-lheure-normale-dimanche-prochain-1
-#
-# From Milamber (2020-05-31)
-# In Morocco (where I live), the end of Ramadan (Arabic month) is followed by
-# the Eid al-Fitr, and concretely it's 1 or 2 day offs for the people (with
-# traditional visiting of family, big lunches/dinners, etc.).  So for this
-# year the astronomical calculations don't include the following 2 days off in
-# the calc.  These 2 days fall in a Sunday/Monday, so it's not acceptable by
-# people to have a time shift during these 2 days off.  Perhaps you can modify
-# the (predicted) rules for next years: if the end of Ramadan is a (probable)
-# Friday or Saturday (and so the 2 days off are on a weekend), the next time
-# shift will be the next weekend.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2020-05-31):
-# For now, guess that in the future Morocco will fall back at 03:00
-# the last Sunday before Ramadan, and spring forward at 02:00 the
-# first Sunday after two days after Ramadan.  To implement this,
-# transition dates and times for 2019 through 2087 were determined by
-# running the following program under GNU Emacs 26.3.  (This algorithm
-# also produces the correct transition dates for 2016 through 2018,
-# though the times differ due to Morocco's time zone change in 2018.)
-# (let ((islamic-year 1440))
-#   (require 'cal-islam)
-#   (while (< islamic-year 1511)
-#     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
-#           (b (+ 2 (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))))
-#           (sunday 0))
-#       (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
-#       (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
-#         (setq b (1+ b)))
-#       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
-#       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
-#       (insert
-#        (format
-#         (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t-1:00\t-\n"
-#                 "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t0\t-\n")
-#         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
-#         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
-#     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Sep	12	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	1945	only	-	Nov	18	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Jun	11	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	1950	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2008	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2009	only	-	Aug	21	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	May	 2	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2010	only	-	Aug	 8	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Apr	 3	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2011	only	-	Jul	31	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2012	2013	-	Apr	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Jul	20	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Aug	20	 2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2012	only	-	Sep	30	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Jul	 7	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2013	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2013	2018	-	Oct	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2014	2018	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Jun	28	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2014	only	-	Aug	 2	 2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jun	14	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2015	only	-	Jul	19	 2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jun	 5	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2016	only	-	Jul	10	 2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	May	21	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2017	only	-	Jul	 2	 2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	May	13	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2018	only	-	Jun	17	 2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	May	 5	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2019	only	-	Jun	 9	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	Apr	19	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2020	only	-	May	31	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	Apr	11	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2021	only	-	May	16	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	Mar	27	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2022	only	-	May	 8	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2023	only	-	Mar	19	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2023	only	-	Apr	30	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2024	only	-	Mar	10	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2024	only	-	Apr	14	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2025	only	-	Feb	23	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2025	only	-	Apr	 6	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2026	only	-	Feb	15	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2026	only	-	Mar	22	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2027	only	-	Feb	 7	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2027	only	-	Mar	14	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2028	only	-	Jan	23	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2028	only	-	Mar	 5	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2029	only	-	Jan	14	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2029	only	-	Feb	18	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2029	only	-	Dec	30	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2030	only	-	Feb	10	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2030	only	-	Dec	22	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2031	only	-	Feb	 2	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2031	only	-	Dec	14	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2032	only	-	Jan	18	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2032	only	-	Nov	28	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2033	only	-	Jan	 9	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2033	only	-	Nov	20	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2033	only	-	Dec	25	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2034	only	-	Nov	 5	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2034	only	-	Dec	17	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2035	only	-	Oct	28	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2035	only	-	Dec	 9	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2036	only	-	Oct	19	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2036	only	-	Nov	23	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2037	only	-	Oct	 4	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2037	only	-	Nov	15	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2038	only	-	Sep	26	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2038	only	-	Nov	 7	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2039	only	-	Sep	18	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2039	only	-	Oct	23	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2040	only	-	Sep	 2	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2040	only	-	Oct	14	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2041	only	-	Aug	25	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2041	only	-	Sep	29	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2042	only	-	Aug	10	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2042	only	-	Sep	21	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2043	only	-	Aug	 2	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2043	only	-	Sep	13	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2044	only	-	Jul	24	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2044	only	-	Aug	28	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2045	only	-	Jul	 9	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2045	only	-	Aug	20	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2046	only	-	Jul	 1	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2046	only	-	Aug	12	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2047	only	-	Jun	23	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2047	only	-	Jul	28	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2048	only	-	Jun	 7	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2048	only	-	Jul	19	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2049	only	-	May	30	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2049	only	-	Jul	 4	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2050	only	-	May	15	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2050	only	-	Jun	26	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2051	only	-	May	 7	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2051	only	-	Jun	18	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2052	only	-	Apr	28	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2052	only	-	Jun	 2	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2053	only	-	Apr	13	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2053	only	-	May	25	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2054	only	-	Apr	 5	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2054	only	-	May	17	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2055	only	-	Mar	28	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2055	only	-	May	 2	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2056	only	-	Mar	12	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2056	only	-	Apr	23	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2057	only	-	Mar	 4	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2057	only	-	Apr	 8	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2058	only	-	Feb	17	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2058	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2059	only	-	Feb	 9	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2059	only	-	Mar	23	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2060	only	-	Feb	 1	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2060	only	-	Mar	 7	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2061	only	-	Jan	16	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2061	only	-	Feb	27	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2062	only	-	Jan	 8	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2062	only	-	Feb	19	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2062	only	-	Dec	31	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2063	only	-	Feb	 4	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2063	only	-	Dec	16	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2064	only	-	Jan	27	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2064	only	-	Dec	 7	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2065	only	-	Jan	11	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2065	only	-	Nov	22	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2066	only	-	Jan	 3	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2066	only	-	Nov	14	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2066	only	-	Dec	26	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2067	only	-	Nov	 6	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2067	only	-	Dec	11	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2068	only	-	Oct	21	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2068	only	-	Dec	 2	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2069	only	-	Oct	13	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2069	only	-	Nov	24	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2070	only	-	Oct	 5	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2070	only	-	Nov	 9	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2071	only	-	Sep	20	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2071	only	-	Nov	 1	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2072	only	-	Sep	11	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2072	only	-	Oct	16	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2073	only	-	Aug	27	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2073	only	-	Oct	 8	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2074	only	-	Aug	19	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2074	only	-	Sep	30	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2075	only	-	Aug	11	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2075	only	-	Sep	15	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2076	only	-	Jul	26	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2076	only	-	Sep	 6	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2077	only	-	Jul	18	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2077	only	-	Aug	29	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2078	only	-	Jul	10	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2078	only	-	Aug	14	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2079	only	-	Jun	25	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2079	only	-	Aug	 6	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2080	only	-	Jun	16	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2080	only	-	Jul	21	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2081	only	-	Jun	 1	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2081	only	-	Jul	13	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2082	only	-	May	24	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2082	only	-	Jul	 5	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2083	only	-	May	16	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2083	only	-	Jun	20	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2084	only	-	Apr	30	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2084	only	-	Jun	11	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2085	only	-	Apr	22	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2085	only	-	Jun	 3	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2086	only	-	Apr	14	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2086	only	-	May	19	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Morocco	2087	only	-	Mar	30	 3:00	-1:00	-
-Rule	Morocco	2087	only	-	May	11	 2:00	0	-
-# For dates after the somewhat-arbitrary cutoff of 2087, assume that
-# Morocco will no longer observe DST.  At some point this table will
-# need to be extended, though quite possibly Morocco will change the
-# rules first.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Casablanca	-0:30:20 -	LMT	1913 Oct 26
-			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	1984 Mar 16
-			 1:00	-	+01	1986
-			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	2018 Oct 28  3:00
-			 1:00	Morocco	+01/+00
-
-# Western Sahara
-#
-# From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
-# A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
-# ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
-# Morocco does.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
-# Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
-# since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
-
-Zone Africa/El_Aaiun	-0:52:48 -	LMT	1934 Jan # El Aaiún
-			-1:00	-	-01	1976 Apr 14
-			 0:00	Morocco	+00/+01	2018 Oct 28  3:00
-			 1:00	Morocco	+01/+00
-
-# Mozambique
-#
-# Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
-# Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
-# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
-# merely made it official?
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Maputo	2:10:20 -	LMT	1903 Mar
-			2:00	-	CAT
-Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre	# Malawi
-Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura	# Burundi
-Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone	# Botswana
-Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare	# Zimbabwe
-Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali	# Rwanda
-Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi	# E Dem. Rep. of Congo
-Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka	# Zambia
-
-
-# Namibia
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):
-# The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at
-# www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf
-# and includes this nugget:
-# Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the
-# first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall
-# commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on
-# Sunday 4 September 1994.
-
-# From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06):
-# ... both summer and winter time are called "standard"
-# (which differs from the use in Ireland) ...
-
-# From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
-# http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
-# While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
-# settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
-# rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
-# Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
-# the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
-# of the country.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
-# Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
-# observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
-# In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
-# See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
-# https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):
-# Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:
-# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
-# This video is from the government decision:
-# https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665
-# We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at
-# the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09):
-# Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally.
-# However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST.  See, e.g.:
-# http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706
-# https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia
-# https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
-# Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible
-# with Namibia's neighbors.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
-Rule	Namibia	1994	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	-1:00	WAT
-Rule	Namibia	1994	2017	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	0	CAT
-Rule	Namibia	1995	2017	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	-1:00	WAT
-# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
-#Rule	Namibia	1994	only	-	Mar	21	0:00	0	WAT
-#Rule	Namibia	1994	2017	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	CAT
-#Rule	Namibia	1995	2017	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	WAT
-# End of rearguard section.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Windhoek	1:08:24 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
-			1:30	-	+0130	1903 Mar
-			2:00	-	SAST	1942 Sep 20  2:00
-			2:00	1:00	SAST	1943 Mar 21  2:00
-			2:00	-	SAST	1990 Mar 21 # independence
-# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
-			2:00	Namibia	%s
-# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
-#			2:00	-	CAT	1994 Mar 21  0:00
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07):
-# The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24.  See:
-# http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf
-#			1:00	Namibia	%s	2017 Oct 24
-#			2:00	-	CAT
-# End of rearguard section.
-
-# Niger
-# See Africa/Lagos.
-
-# Nigeria
-
-# From P Chan (2020-12-03):
-# GMT was adopted as the standard time of Lagos on 1905-07-01.
-# Lagos Weekly Record, 1905-06-24, p 3
-# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558#?c=0&m=668&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1446%2C5221%2C1931%2C1235
-# says "It is officially notified that on and after the 1st of July 1905
-# Greenwich Mean Solar Time will be adopted thought the Colony and
-# Protectorate, and that it will be necessary to put all clocks 13 minutes and
-# 35 seconds back, recording local mean time."
-#
-# It seemed that Lagos returned to LMT on 1908-07-01.
-# [The Lagos Standard], 1908-07-01, p 5
-# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31556#?c=0&m=78&s=0&cv=4&r=0&xywh=-92%2C3590%2C3944%2C2523
-# says "Scarcely have the people become accustomed to this new time, when
-# another official notice has now appeared announcing that from and after the
-# 1st July next, return will be made to local mean time."
-#
-# From P Chan (2020-11-27):
-# On 1914-01-01, standard time of GMT+0:30 was adopted for the unified Nigeria.
-# Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 878. Nigeria. Report for 1914. (April 1916),
-# p 27
-# https://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/Africana/Books2011-05/3064634/3064634_1914/3064634_1914_opt.pdf#page=27
-# "On January 1st [1914], a universal standard time for Nigeria was adopted,
-# viz., half an hour fast on Greenwich mean time, corresponding to the meridian
-# 7 [degrees] 30' E. long."
-# Lloyd's Register of Shipping (1915) says "Hitherto the time observed in Lagos
-# was the local mean time. On 1st January, 1914, standard time for the whole of
-# Nigeria was introduced ... Lagos time has been advanced about 16 minutes
-# accordingly."
-#
-# In 1919, standard time was changed to GMT+1.
-# Interpretation Ordinance (Cap 2)
-# The Laws of Nigeria, Containing the Ordinances of Nigeria, in Force on the
-# 1st Day of January, 1923, Vol.I [p 16]
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=BOMrAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA16
-# "The expression 'Standard time' means standard time as used in Nigeria:
-# namely, 60 minutes in advance of Greenwich mean time.  (As amended by 18 of
-# 1919, s. 2.)"
-# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10):
-# The Lagos Weekly Record, 1919-09-20, p 3 details discussion on the first
-# reading of this Bill by the Legislative Council of the Colony of Nigeria on
-# Thursday 1919-08-28:
-# http://ddsnext.crl.edu/titles/31558?terms&item_id=303484#?m=1118&c=1&s=0&cv=2&r=0&xywh=1261%2C3408%2C2994%2C1915
-# "The proposal is that the Globe should be divided into twelve zones East and
-# West of Greenwich, of one hour each, Nigeria falling into the zone with a
-# standard of one hour fast on Greenwich Mean Time.  Nigeria standard time is
-# now 30 minutes in advance of Greenwich Mean Time ... according to the new
-# proposal, standard time will be advanced another 30 minutes".  It was further
-# proposed that the firing of the time guns likewise be adjusted by 30 minutes
-# to compensate.
-# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-10), per P Chan (2020-12-11):
-# The text of Ordinance 18 of 1919, published in Nigeria Gazette, Vol 6, No 52,
-# shows that the change was assented to the following day and took effect "on
-# the 1st day of September, 1919."
-# Nigeria Gazette and Supplements 1919 Jan-Dec, Reference: 73266B-40,
-# img 245-246
-# https://microform.digital/boa/collections/77/volumes/539/nigeria-lagos-1887-1919
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Lagos	0:13:35 -	LMT	1905 Jul  1
-			0:00	-	GMT	1908 Jul  1
-			0:13:35	-	LMT	1914 Jan  1
-			0:30	-	+0030	1919 Sep  1
-			1:00	-	WAT
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui	     # Central African Republic
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala	     # Cameroon
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa    # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville  # Gabon
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda	     # Angola
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo	     # Equatorial Guinea
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey	     # Niger
-Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo  # Benin
-
-# Réunion
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Reunion	3:41:52 -	LMT	1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
-			4:00	-	+04
-#
-# Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
-#
-# Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
-# The following information about them is taken from
-# Îles Éparses (, 1997-07-22,
-# in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
-# We have no info about their time zone histories.
-#
-# Bassas da India - uninhabited
-# Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
-# Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
-# Juan de Nova - uninhabited
-# Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
-
-# Rwanda
-# See Africa/Maputo.
-
-# St Helena
-# See Africa/Abidjan.
-# The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
-#	Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
-#	Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
-#	Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
-#		on GMT, says the CIA
-#	Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
-
-# São Tomé and Príncipe
-
-# See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08):
-# Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as
-# they entered the year 2018.
-# From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08):
-# the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017]
-# http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017
-
-# From Vadim Nasardinov (2018-12-29):
-# São Tomé and Príncipe is about to do the following on Jan 1, 2019:
-# https://www.stp-press.st/2018/12/05/governo-jesus-ja-decidiu-repor-hora-legal-sao-tomense/
-#
-# From Michael Deckers (2018-12-30):
-# https://www.legis-palop.org/download.jsp?idFile=102818
-# ... [The legal time of the country, which coincides with universal
-# coordinated time, will be restituted at 2 o'clock on day 1 of January, 2019.]
-
-Zone	Africa/Sao_Tome	 0:26:56 -	LMT	1884
-			-0:36:45 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1 00:00u # Lisbon MT
-			 0:00	-	GMT	2018 Jan  1 01:00
-			 1:00	-	WAT	2019 Jan  1 02:00
-			 0:00	-	GMT
-
-# Senegal
-# See Africa/Abidjan.
-
-# Seychelles
-
-# From P Chan (2020-11-27):
-# Standard Time was adopted on 1907-01-01.
-#
-# Standard Time Ordinance (Chapter 237)
-# The Laws of Seychelles in Force on the 31st December, 1971, Vol. 6, p 571
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=efE-AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA571
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05):
-# A footnote on https://books.google.com/books?id=DYdDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1689
-# confirms that Ordinance No. 9 of 1906 "was brought into force on the 1st
-# January, 1907."
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Mahe	3:41:48 -	LMT	1907 Jan  1 # Victoria
-			4:00	-	+04
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
-# Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
-# Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
-# in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
-# whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
-# Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
-
-# Sierra Leone
-# See Africa/Abidjan.
-
-# Somalia
-# See Africa/Nairobi.
-
-# South Africa
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	SA	1942	1943	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	SA	1943	1944	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -	LMT	1892 Feb 8
-			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
-			2:00	SA	SAST
-Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru	   # Lesotho
-Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane    # Eswatini
-#
-# Marion and Prince Edward Is
-# scientific station since 1947
-# no information
-
-# Sudan
-
-# From 
-# Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
-# also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
-# Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
-# Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
-# Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
-
-# From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17):
-# ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00)
-# to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
-# A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the
-# year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia
-# Abdalla of NTC, archived at:
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Sudan	1970	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Sudan	1970	1985	-	Oct	15	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Sudan	1971	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Sudan	1972	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Khartoum	2:10:08 -	LMT	1931
-			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
-			3:00	-	EAT	2017 Nov  1
-			2:00	-	CAT
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2021-01-18):
-# "South Sudan will change its time zone by setting the clock back 1
-# hour on February 1, 2021...."
-# from https://eyeradio.org/south-sudan-adopts-new-time-zone-makuei/
-
-# South Sudan
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Juba	2:06:28 -	LMT	1931
-			2:00	Sudan	CA%sT	2000 Jan 15 12:00
-			3:00	-	EAT	2021 Feb  1 00:00
-			2:00	-	CAT
-
-# Tanzania
-# See Africa/Nairobi.
-
-# Togo
-# See Africa/Abidjan.
-
-# Tunisia
-
-# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
-# My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
-# this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
-# , in a story attributed to AP
-# and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
-# one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
-# UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
-# Saturday."  (My translation)
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
-# La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
-# http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
-# ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
-# 1h standard time.
-#
-# From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
-# The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
-# Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
-# Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
-# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
-# According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
-# (Arabic)
-# http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
-# https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
-#
-# We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
-# We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
-# Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
-#
-# Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
-#
-# (in English)
-# http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
-#
-# (in Arabic)
-# http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
-# The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
-# due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
-# concerned by summer time.  Therefore, the standard time will be kept
-# unchanged the whole year long."  So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
-# (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
-# According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
-#
-# (translation):
-# "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
-# Sunday...
-# Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
-# coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
-#
-# (in Arabic)
-# http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
-# http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Tunisia	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1940	only	-	Feb	25	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Tunisia	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Tunisia	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	17	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Apr	25	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Tunisia	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Tunisia	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Apr	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Tunisia	1977	only	-	Sep	24	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Tunisia	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1988	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Tunisia	1988	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	1989	only	-	Mar	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Tunisia	1990	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	May	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Tunisia	2005	only	-	Sep	30	 1:00s	0	-
-Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Tunisia	2006	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-
-# See Europe/Paris for PMT-related transitions.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Africa/Tunis	0:40:44 -	LMT	1881 May 12
-			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
-			1:00	Tunisia	CE%sT
-
-# Uganda
-# See Africa/Nairobi.
-
-# Zambia
-# Zimbabwe
-# See Africa/Maputo.
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/antarctica b/inst/tzdata/antarctica
deleted file mode 100644
index ed750a89..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/antarctica
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,358 +0,0 @@
-# tzdb data for Antarctica and environs
-
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-11-15):
-# To keep things manageable, we list only locations occupied year-round; see
-# COMNAP - Stations and Bases
-# http://www.comnap.aq/comnap/comnap.nsf/P/Stations/
-# and
-# Summary of the Peri-Antarctic Islands (1998-07-23)
-# http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/bob/periant.htm
-# for information.
-# Unless otherwise specified, we have no time zone information.
-
-# FORMAT is '-00' and STDOFF is 0 for locations while uninhabited.
-
-# Argentina - year-round bases
-# Belgrano II, Confin Coast, -770227-0343737, since 1972-02-05
-# Carlini, Potter Cove, King George Island, -6414-0602320, since 1982-01
-# Esperanza, Hope Bay, -6323-05659, since 1952-12-17
-# Marambio, -6414-05637, since 1969-10-29
-# Orcadas, Laurie I, -6016-04444, since 1904-02-22
-# San Martín, Barry I, -6808-06706, since 1951-03-21
-#	(except 1960-03 / 1976-03-21)
-
-# Australia - territories
-# Heard Island, McDonald Islands (uninhabited)
-#	previously sealers and scientific personnel wintered
-#	Margaret Turner reports
-#	https://web.archive.org/web/20021204222245/http://www.dstc.qut.edu.au/DST/marg/daylight.html
-#	(1999-09-30) that they're UT +05, with no DST;
-#	presumably this is when they have visitors.
-#
-# year-round bases
-# Casey, Bailey Peninsula, -6617+11032, since 1969
-# Davis, Vestfold Hills, -6835+07759, since 1957-01-13
-#	(except 1964-11 - 1969-02)
-# Mawson, Holme Bay, -6736+06253, since 1954-02-13
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-11):
-# Three Australian stations in Antarctica have changed their time zone:
-# Casey moved from UTC+8 to UTC+11
-# Davis moved from UTC+7 to UTC+5
-# Mawson moved from UTC+6 to UTC+5
-# The changes occurred on 2009-10-18 at 02:00 (local times).
-#
-# Government source: (Australian Antarctic Division)
-# http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=37079
-#
-# We have more background information here:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antarctica-new-times.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
-# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: ...
-#
-# - Casey station reverted to its normal time of UTC+8 on 5 March 2010.
-# The change to UTC+11 is being considered as a regular summer thing but
-# has not been decided yet.
-#
-# - Davis station will revert to its normal time of UTC+7 at 10 March 2010
-# 20:00 UTC.
-#
-# - Mawson station stays on UTC+5.
-#
-# Background:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/antartica-time-changes-2010.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-10-28):
-# Australian Antarctica Division informed us that Casey changed time
-# zone to UTC+11 in "the morning of 22nd October 2016".
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2020-10-02, as corrected):
-# Based on information we have received from the Australian Antarctic
-# Division, Casey station and Macquarie Island station will move to Tasmanian
-# daylight savings time on Sunday 4 October. This will take effect from 0001
-# hrs on Sunday 4 October 2020 and will mean Casey and Macquarie Island will
-# be on the same time zone as Hobart.  Some past dates too for this 3 hour
-# time change back and forth between UTC+8 and UTC+11 for Casey:
-# - 2018 Oct  7 4:00 - 2019 Mar 17 3:00 - 2019 Oct  4 3:00 - 2020 Mar  8 3:00
-# and now - 2020 Oct  4 0:01
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Casey	 0	-	-00	1969
-			 8:00	-	+08	2009 Oct 18  2:00
-			11:00	-	+11	2010 Mar  5  2:00
-			 8:00	-	+08	2011 Oct 28  2:00
-			11:00	-	+11	2012 Feb 21 17:00u
-			 8:00	-	+08	2016 Oct 22
-			11:00	-	+11	2018 Mar 11  4:00
-			 8:00	-	+08	2018 Oct  7  4:00
-			11:00	-	+11	2019 Mar 17  3:00
-			 8:00	-	+08	2019 Oct  4  3:00
-			11:00	-	+11	2020 Mar  8  3:00
-			 8:00	-	+08	2020 Oct  4  0:01
-			11:00	-	+11
-Zone Antarctica/Davis	0	-	-00	1957 Jan 13
-			7:00	-	+07	1964 Nov
-			0	-	-00	1969 Feb
-			7:00	-	+07	2009 Oct 18  2:00
-			5:00	-	+05	2010 Mar 10 20:00u
-			7:00	-	+07	2011 Oct 28  2:00
-			5:00	-	+05	2012 Feb 21 20:00u
-			7:00	-	+07
-Zone Antarctica/Mawson	0	-	-00	1954 Feb 13
-			6:00	-	+06	2009 Oct 18  2:00
-			5:00	-	+05
-# References:
-# Casey Weather (1998-02-26)
-# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/casey/casey_aws.html
-# Davis Station, Antarctica (1998-02-26)
-# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/davis/video.html
-# Mawson Station, Antarctica (1998-02-25)
-# http://www.antdiv.gov.au/aad/exop/sfo/mawson/video.html
-
-# Belgium - year-round base
-# Princess Elisabeth, Queen Maud Land, -713412+0231200, since 2007
-
-# Brazil - year-round base
-# Ferraz, King George Island, -6205+05824, since 1983/4
-
-# Bulgaria - year-round base
-# St. Kliment Ohridski, Livingston Island, -623829-0602153, since 1988
-
-# Chile - year-round bases and towns
-# Escudero, South Shetland Is, -621157-0585735, since 1994
-# Frei Montalva, King George Island, -6214-05848, since 1969-03-07
-# O'Higgins, Antarctic Peninsula, -6319-05704, since 1948-02
-# Prat, -6230-05941
-# Villa Las Estrellas (a town), around the Frei base, since 1984-04-09
-# These locations employ Region of Magallanes time; use
-# TZ='America/Punta_Arenas'.
-
-# China - year-round bases
-# Great Wall, King George Island, -6213-05858, since 1985-02-20
-# Zhongshan, Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, -6922+07623, since 1989-02-26
-
-# France - year-round bases (also see "France & Italy")
-#
-# From Antoine Leca (1997-01-20):
-# Time data entries are from Nicole Pailleau at the IFRTP
-# (French Institute for Polar Research and Technology).
-# She confirms that French Southern Territories and Terre Adélie bases
-# don't observe daylight saving time, even if Terre Adélie supplies came
-# from Tasmania.
-#
-# French Southern Territories with year-round inhabitants
-#
-# Alfred Faure, Possession Island, Crozet Islands, -462551+0515152, since 1964;
-#	sealing & whaling stations operated variously 1802/1911+;
-#	see Indian/Reunion.
-#
-# Martin-de-Viviès, Amsterdam Island, -374105+0773155, since 1950
-# Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen Islands, -492110+0701303, since 1951;
-#	whaling & sealing station operated 1908/1914, 1920/1929, and 1951/1956
-#
-# St Paul Island - near Amsterdam, uninhabited
-#	fishing stations operated variously 1819/1931
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Kerguelen	0	-	-00	1950 # Port-aux-Français
-			5:00	-	+05
-#
-# year-round base in the main continent
-# Dumont d'Urville, Île des Pétrels, -6640+14001, since 1956-11
-#  (2005-12-05)
-#
-# Another base at Port-Martin, 50km east, began operation in 1947.
-# It was destroyed by fire on 1952-01-14.
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/DumontDUrville 0 -	-00	1947
-			10:00	-	+10	1952 Jan 14
-			0	-	-00	1956 Nov
-			10:00	-	+10
-
-# France & Italy - year-round base
-# Concordia, -750600+1232000, since 2005
-
-# Germany - year-round base
-# Neumayer III, -704080-0081602, since 2009
-
-# India - year-round bases
-# Bharati, -692428+0761114, since 2012
-# Maitri, -704558+0114356, since 1989
-
-# Italy - year-round base (also see "France & Italy")
-# Zuchelli, Terra Nova Bay, -744140+1640647, since 1986
-
-# Japan - year-round bases
-# Syowa (also known as Showa), -690022+0393524, since 1957
-#
-# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1999-02-06):
-# In all Japanese stations, +0300 is used as the standard time.
-#
-# Syowa station, which is the first antarctic station of Japan,
-# was established on 1957-01-29.  Since Syowa station is still the main
-# station of Japan, it's appropriate for the principal location.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Syowa	0	-	-00	1957 Jan 29
-			3:00	-	+03
-# See:
-# NIPR Antarctic Research Activities (1999-08-17)
-# http://www.nipr.ac.jp/english/ara01.html
-
-# S Korea - year-round base
-# Jang Bogo, Terra Nova Bay, -743700+1641205 since 2014
-# King Sejong, King George Island, -6213-05847, since 1988
-
-# New Zealand - claims
-# Balleny Islands (never inhabited)
-# Scott Island (never inhabited)
-#
-# year-round base
-# Scott Base, Ross Island, since 1957-01.
-# See Pacific/Auckland.
-
-# Norway - territories
-# Bouvet (never inhabited)
-#
-# claims
-# Peter I Island (never inhabited)
-#
-# year-round base
-# Troll, Queen Maud Land, -720041+0023206, since 2005-02-12
-#
-# From Paul-Inge Flakstad (2014-03-10):
-# I recently had a long dialog about this with the developer of timegenie.com.
-# In the absence of specific dates, he decided to choose some likely ones:
-#   GMT +1 - From March 1 to the last Sunday in March
-#   GMT +2 - From the last Sunday in March until the last Sunday in October
-#   GMT +1 - From the last Sunday in October until November 7
-#   GMT +0 - From November 7 until March 1
-# The dates for switching to and from UTC+0 will probably not be absolutely
-# correct, but they should be quite close to the actual dates.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-21):
-# The CET-switching Troll rules require zic from tz 2014b or later, so as
-# suggested by Bengt-Inge Larsson comment them out for now, and approximate
-# with only UTC and CEST.  Uncomment them when 2014b is more prevalent.
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-#Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	 1	1:00u	1:00	+01
-Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	2:00	+02
-#Rule	Troll	2005	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	+01
-#Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Nov	 7	1:00u	0:00	+00
-# Remove the following line when uncommenting the above '#Rule' lines.
-Rule	Troll	2004	max	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00u	0:00	+00
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Troll	0	-	-00	2005 Feb 12
-			0:00	Troll	%s
-
-# Poland - year-round base
-# Arctowski, King George Island, -620945-0582745, since 1977
-
-# Romania - year-bound base
-# Law-Racoviță, Larsemann Hills, -692319+0762251, since 1986
-
-# Russia - year-round bases
-# Bellingshausen, King George Island, -621159-0585337, since 1968-02-22
-# Mirny, Davis coast, -6633+09301, since 1956-02
-# Molodezhnaya, Alasheyev Bay, -6740+04551,
-#	year-round from 1962-02 to 1999-07-01
-# Novolazarevskaya, Queen Maud Land, -7046+01150,
-#	year-round from 1960/61 to 1992
-
-# Vostok, since 1957-12-16, temporarily closed 1994-02/1994-11
-# From Craig Mundell (1994-12-15):
-# http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/antarctica/QA/computers/Directions,Time,ZIP
-# Vostok, which is one of the Russian stations, is set on the same
-# time as Moscow, Russia.
-#
-# From Lee Hotz (2001-03-08):
-# I queried the folks at Columbia who spent the summer at Vostok and this is
-# what they had to say about time there:
-# "in the US Camp (East Camp) we have been on New Zealand (McMurdo)
-# time, which is 12 hours ahead of GMT. The Russian Station Vostok was
-# 6 hours behind that (although only 2 miles away, i.e. 6 hours ahead
-# of GMT). This is a time zone I think two hours east of Moscow. The
-# natural time zone is in between the two: 8 hours ahead of GMT."
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-05-04):
-# This seems to be hopelessly confusing, so I asked Lee Hotz about it
-# in person.  He said that some Antarctic locations set their local
-# time so that noon is the warmest part of the day, and that this
-# changes during the year and does not necessarily correspond to mean
-# solar noon.  So the Vostok time might have been whatever the clocks
-# happened to be during their visit.  So we still don't really know what time
-# it is at Vostok.  But we'll guess +06.
-#
-Zone Antarctica/Vostok	0	-	-00	1957 Dec 16
-			6:00	-	+06
-
-# S Africa - year-round bases
-# Marion Island, -4653+03752
-# SANAE IV, Vesleskarvet, Queen Maud Land, -714022-0025026, since 1997
-
-# Ukraine - year-round base
-# Vernadsky (formerly Faraday), Galindez Island, -651445-0641526, since 1954
-
-# United Kingdom
-#
-# British Antarctic Territories (BAT) claims
-# South Orkney Islands
-#	scientific station from 1903
-#	whaling station at Signy I 1920/1926
-# South Shetland Islands
-#
-# year-round bases
-# Bird Island, South Georgia, -5400-03803, since 1983
-# Deception Island, -6259-06034, whaling station 1912/1931,
-#	scientific station 1943/1967,
-#	previously sealers and a scientific expedition wintered by accident,
-#	and a garrison was deployed briefly
-# Halley, Coates Land, -7535-02604, since 1956-01-06
-#	Halley is on a moving ice shelf and is periodically relocated
-#	so that it is never more than 10km from its nominal location.
-# Rothera, Adelaide Island, -6734-6808, since 1976-12-01
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-22)
-#  says Rothera is -03 all year.
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Rothera	0	-	-00	1976 Dec  1
-			-3:00	-	-03
-
-# Uruguay - year round base
-# Artigas, King George Island, -621104-0585107
-
-# USA - year-round bases
-#
-# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
-# See 'southamerica' for Antarctica/Palmer, since it uses South American DST.
-#
-# McMurdo Station, Ross Island, since 1955-12
-# Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, continuously occupied since 1956-11-20
-#
-# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-27):
-# Siple, the first commander of the South Pole station,
-# stated that he would have liked to have kept GMT at the station,
-# but that he found it more convenient to keep GMT+12
-# as supplies for the station were coming from McMurdo Sound,
-# which was on GMT+12 because New Zealand was on GMT+12 all year
-# at that time (1957).  (Source: Siple's book 90 Degrees South.)
-#
-# From Susan Smith
-# http://www.cybertours.com/whs/pole10.html
-# (1995-11-13 16:24:56 +1300, no longer available):
-# We use the same time as McMurdo does.
-# And they use the same time as Christchurch, NZ does....
-# One last quirk about South Pole time.
-# All the electric clocks are usually wrong.
-# Something about the generators running at 60.1hertz or something
-# makes all of the clocks run fast.  So every couple of days,
-# we have to go around and set them back 5 minutes or so.
-# Maybe if we let them run fast all of the time, we'd get to leave here sooner!!
-#
-# See 'australasia' for Antarctica/McMurdo.
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/asia b/inst/tzdata/asia
deleted file mode 100644
index ed944130..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/asia
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3938 +0,0 @@
-# tzdb data for Asia and environs
-
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
-# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
-# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11):
-#
-# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
-# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
-# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
-#
-# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
-# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
-# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
-# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
-# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
-#
-# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
-# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
-# I found in the UCLA library.
-#
-# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
-# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
-#
-# For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
-# Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
-# (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
-#
-# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
-#
-# The following alphabetic abbreviations appear in these tables
-# (corrections are welcome):
-#	     std  dst
-#	     LMT	Local Mean Time
-#	2:00 EET  EEST	Eastern European Time
-#	2:00 IST  IDT	Israel
-#	5:30 IST	India
-#	7:00 WIB	west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
-#	8:00 WITA	central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
-#	8:00 CST	China
-#	8:00 HKT  HKST	Hong Kong (HKWT* for Winter Time in late 1941)
-#	8:00 PST  PDT*	Philippines
-#	8:30 KST  KDT	Korea when at +0830
-#	9:00 WIT	east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
-#	9:00 JST  JDT	Japan
-#	9:00 KST  KDT	Korea when at +09
-# *I invented the abbreviations HKWT and PDT; see below.
-# Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
-# and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets.  Although earlier
-# editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
-# offset, this did not reflect common practice.
-#
-# See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
-
-# From Guy Harris:
-# Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
-# additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
-# Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
-# Worldwide Edition).
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	EUAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	EUAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
-Rule	EUAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
-Rule E-EurAsia	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule E-EurAsia	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
-Rule E-EurAsia	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
-Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1984	-	Apr	1	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule RussiaAsia	1981	1983	-	Oct	1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule RussiaAsia	1984	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule RussiaAsia	1985	2010	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule RussiaAsia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-
-# Afghanistan
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Kabul	4:36:48 -	LMT	1890
-			4:00	-	+04	1945
-			4:30	-	+0430
-
-# Armenia
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST)
-# in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then
-# readopting Russian DST in 1997.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even
-# when they disagree with others.  Edgar Der-Danieliantz
-# reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST
-# in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995.  IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that
-# Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991,
-# but started switching at 3:00s in 1998.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
-# While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to
-# follow Russia's "old" rules.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10):
-# According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012,
-# http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html
-#
-# The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the
-# Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of
-# Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time.
-# or
-# (brief)
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule Armenia	2011	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule Armenia	2011	only	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Yerevan	2:58:00 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
-			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1995 Sep 24  2:00s
-			4:00	-	+04	1997
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2011
-			4:00	Armenia	+04/+05
-
-# Azerbaijan
-
-# From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23):
-# According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-17): It was Resolution No. 21 (1997-03-17).
-# http://code.az/files/daylight_res.pdf
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-17):
-# ... the Azerbaijani Cabinet of Ministers has cancelled switching to
-# daylight saving time....
-# https://www.azernews.az/azerbaijan/94137.html
-# http://vestnikkavkaza.net/news/Azerbaijani-Cabinet-of-Ministers-cancels-daylight-saving-time.html
-# http://en.apa.az/xeber_azerbaijan_abolishes_daylight_savings_ti_240862.html
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Mar	lastSun	 4:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Azer	1997	2015	-	Oct	lastSun	 5:00	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Baku	3:19:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
-			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	1992 Sep lastSun  2:00s
-			4:00	-	+04	1996
-			4:00	EUAsia	+04/+05	1997
-			4:00	Azer	+04/+05
-
-# Bahrain
-# See Asia/Qatar.
-
-# Bangladesh
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13):
-# According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce
-# Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30
-#
-# Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16
-# http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html
-#
-# "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from
-# June
-# 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with
-# crippling power crisis. "
-#
-# The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if
-# implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02):
-# They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between
-# the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet.
-#
-# Some sources:
-# https://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601
-# http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2
-#
-# Our wrap-up:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html
-
-# From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15):
-# Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start
-# time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh
-# Telecommunication Regulatory Commission).
-#
-# No DST end date has been announced yet.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25):
-# Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009,
-# instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision.
-#
-# Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday":
-# "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1"
-# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13):
-# IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports:
-# Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make
-# maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would
-# "continue for an indefinite period."
-#
-# One of many places where it is published:
-# http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24):
-# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
-# Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009.
-#
-# Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night.
-# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html
-#
-# "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour
-# on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31,
-# 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime
-# Minister's Office last night..."
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22):
-# According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star,"
-# Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time
-# http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Jun	19	23:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Dhaka	2009	only	-	Dec	31	24:00	0	-
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Dhaka	6:01:40 -	LMT	1890
-			5:53:20	-	HMT	1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
-			6:30	-	+0630	1942 May 15
-			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Sep
-			6:30	-	+0630	1951 Sep 30
-			6:00	-	+06	2009
-			6:00	Dhaka	+06/+07
-
-# Bhutan
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Thimphu	5:58:36 -	LMT	1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu
-			5:30	-	+0530	1987 Oct
-			6:00	-	+06
-
-# British Indian Ocean Territory
-# Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the
-# 1997 and later maps say 6:00.  Assume the switch occurred in 1996.
-# We have no information as to when standard time was introduced;
-# assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which
-# then contained the Chagos Archipelago).
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Chagos	4:49:40	-	LMT	1907
-			5:00	-	+05	1996
-			6:00	-	+06
-
-# Brunei
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Brunei	7:39:40 -	LMT	1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
-			7:30	-	+0730	1933
-			8:00	-	+08
-
-# Burma / Myanmar
-
-# Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
-# Page 27 of Reed & Low (cited for Asia/Kolkata) says "Rangoon local time is
-# used upon the railways and telegraphs of Burma, and is 6h. 24m. 47s. ahead
-# of Greenwich."  This refers to the period before Burma's transition to +0630,
-# a transition for which Shanks is the only source.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Yangon	6:24:47 -	LMT	1880        # or Rangoon
-			6:24:47	-	RMT	1920        # Rangoon local time
-			6:30	-	+0630	1942 May
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 May  3
-			6:30	-	+0630
-
-# Cambodia
-# See Asia/Bangkok.
-
-
-# China
-
-# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15):
-# According to this news report:
-# http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2004-09-01/19524201403.shtml
-# on April 11, 1919, newspaper in Shanghai said clocks in Shanghai will spring
-# forward for an hour starting from midnight of that Saturday. The report did
-# not mention what happened in Shanghai thereafter, but it mentioned that a
-# similar trial in Tianjin which ended at October 1st as citizens are told to
-# recede the clock on September 30 from 12:00pm to 11:00pm. The trial at
-# Tianjin got terminated in 1920.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15):
-# The Returns of Trade and Trade Reports, page 711, says "Daylight saving was
-# given a trial during the year, and from the 12th April to the 1st October
-# the clocks were all set one hour ahead of sun time.  Though the scheme was
-# generally esteemed a success, it was announced early in 1920 that it would
-# not be repeated."
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Shang	1919	only	-	Apr	12	24:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Shang	1919	only	-	Sep	30	24:00	0	S
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-10-02):
-# The following comes from Table 1 of:
-# Li Yu. Research on the daylight saving movement in 1940s Shanghai.
-# Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences. 2014;(2):144-50.
-# http://oversea.cnki.net/kns55/detail.aspx?dbname=CJFD2014&filename=NJSH201402020
-# The table lists dates only; I am guessing 00:00 and 24:00 transition times.
-# Also, the table lists the planned end of DST in 1949, but the corresponding
-# zone line cuts this off on May 28, when the Communists took power.
-
-# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15):
-#
-# For the history of time in Shanghai between 1940-1942, the situation is
-# actually slightly more complex than the table [below]....  At the time,
-# there were three different authorities in Shanghai, including Shanghai
-# International Settlement, a settlement established by western countries with
-# its own westernized form of government, Shanghai French Concession, similar
-# to the international settlement but is controlled by French, and then the
-# rest of the city of Shanghai, which have already been controlled by Japanese
-# force through a puppet local government (Wang Jingwei regime).  It was
-# additionally complicated by the circumstances that, according to the 1940s
-# Shanghai summer time essay cited in the database, some
-# departments/businesses/people in the Shanghai city itself during that time
-# period, refused to change their clock and instead only changed their opening
-# hours.
-#
-# For example, as quoted in the article, in 1940, other than the authority
-# itself, power, tram, bus companies, cinema, department stores, and other
-# public service organizations have all decided to follow the summer time and
-# spring forward the clock.  On the other hand, the custom office refused to
-# spring forward the clock because of worry on mechanical wear to the physical
-# clock, postal office refused to spring forward because of disruption to
-# business and log-keeping, although they did changed their office hour to
-# match rest of the city.  So is travel agents, and also weather
-# observatory.  It is said both time standards had their own supporters in the
-# city at the time, those who prefer new time standard would have moved their
-# clock while those who prefer the old time standard would keep their clock
-# unchange, and there were different clocks that use different time standard
-# in the city at the time for people who use different time standard to adjust
-# their clock to their preferred time.
-#
-# a. For the 1940 May 31 spring forward, the essay claim that it was
-# coordinared between the international settlement authority and the French
-# concession authority and have gathered support from Hong Kong and Xiamen,
-# that it would spring forward an hour from May 31 "midnight", and the essay
-# claim "Hong Kong government implemented the spring forward in the same time
-# on the same date as Shanghai".
-#
-# b. For the 1940 fall back, it was said that they initially intended to do
-# so on September 30 00:59 at night, however they postponed it to October 12
-# after discussion with relevant parties. However schools restored to the
-# original schedule ten days earlier.
-#
-# c. For the 1941 spring forward, it is said to start from March 15
-# "following the previous year's method", and in addition to that the essay
-# cited an announcement in 1941 from the Wang regime which said the Special
-# City of Shanghai under Wang regime control will follow the DST rule set by
-# the Settlements, irrespective of the original DST plan announced by the Wang
-# regime for other area under its control(April 1 to September 30). (no idea
-# to situation before that announcement)
-#
-# d. For the 1941 fall back, it was said that the fall back would occurs at
-# the end of September (A newspaper headline cited by the essay, published on
-# October 1, 1941, have the headlines which said "French Concession would
-# rewind to the old clock this morning), but it ultimately didn't happen due
-# to disagreement between the international settlement authority and the
-# French concession authority, and the fall back ultimately occurred on
-# November 1.
-#
-# e. In 1941 December, Japan have officially started war with the United
-# States and the United Kingdom, and in Shanghai they have marched into the
-# international settlement, taken over its control
-#
-# f. For the 1942 spring forward, the essay said that the spring forward
-# started on January 31. It said this time the custom office and postal
-# department will also change their clocks, unlike before.
-#
-# g. The essay itself didn't cover any specific changes thereafter until the
-# end of the war, it quoted a November 1942 command from the government of the
-# Wang regime, which claim the daylight saving time applies year round during
-# the war. However, the essay ambiguously said the period is "February 1 to
-# September 30", which I don't really understand what is the meaning of such
-# period in the context of year round implementation here.. More researches
-# might be needed to show exactly what happened during that period of time.
-
-# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15):
-# According to a Japanese tour bus pamphlet in Nanjing area believed to be
-# from around year 1941: http://www.tt-museum.jp/tairiku_0280_nan1941.html ,
-# the schedule listed was in the format of Japanese time.  Which indicate some
-# use of the Japanese time (instead of syncing by DST) might have occurred in
-# the Yangtze river delta area during that period of time although the scope
-# of such use will need to be investigated to determine.
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Shang	1940	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Shang	1940	only	-	Oct	12	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Shang	1941	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Shang	1941	only	-	Nov	 1	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Shang	1942	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Shang	1945	only	-	Sep	 1	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Shang	1946	only	-	May	15	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Shang	1946	only	-	Sep	30	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Shang	1947	only	-	Apr	15	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Shang	1947	only	-	Oct	31	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Shang	1948	1949	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Shang	1948	1949	-	Sep	30	24:00	0	S #plan
-
-# From Guy Harris:
-# People's Republic of China.  Yes, they really have only one time zone.
-
-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
-# No they don't.  See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52.  Even though
-# China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
-# Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
-# has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
-# the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.
-#
-# . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
-# painful to suck in another copy.  So, here is what I have for
-# DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
-#
-#     1986 May 4 - Sept 14
-#     1987 mid-April - ??
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
-# CHINA               8 H  AHEAD OF UTC  ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN
-# CHINA               9 H  AHEAD OF UTC  APR 17 - SEP 10
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11):
-# Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight
-# time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began
-# observing daylight saving time in 1986.
-
-# From P Chan (2018-05-07):
-# The start and end time of DST in China [from 1986 on] should be 2:00
-# (i.e. 2:00 to 3:00 at the start and 2:00 to 1:00 at the end)....
-# Government notices about summer time:
-#
-# 1986-04-12 http://www.zj.gov.cn/attach/zfgb/198608.pdf p.21-22
-# (To establish summer time from 1986. On 4 May, set the clocks ahead one hour
-# at 2 am. On 14 September, set the clocks backward one hour at 2 am.)
-#
-# 1987-02-15 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198703.pdf p.114
-# (Summer time in 1987 to start from 12 April until 13 September)
-#
-# 1987-09-09 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1987/gwyb198721.pdf p.709
-# (From 1988, summer time to start from 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-April
-# until 2 am of the first Sunday of mid-September)
-#
-# 1992-03-03 http://www.gov.cn/gongbao/shuju/1992/gwyb199205.pdf p.152
-# (To suspend summer time from 1992)
-#
-# The first page of People's Daily on 12 April 1988 stating that summer time
-# to begin on 17 April.
-# http://data.people.com.cn/pic/101p/1988/04/1988041201.jpg
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	PRC	1986	only	-	May	 4	 2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	PRC	1986	1991	-	Sep	Sun>=11	 2:00	0	S
-Rule	PRC	1987	1991	-	Apr	Sun>=11	 2:00	1:00	D
-
-# From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20):
-# BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five
-# historic timezones from some Taiwan websites.  And yes, there are official
-# Chinese names for these locales (before 1949).
-#
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14):
-# I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the
-# https://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county
-# boundaries summarized below]....  A few other exceptions were two
-# counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border,
-# counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are
-# therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege
-# county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6
-# (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two
-# counties are mistakes in the astro.com data.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-01-05):
-# Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources:
-#
-# (1)
-# Guo Qing-sheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
-# Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC
-# China Historical Materials of Science and Technology
-# (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料). 2003;24(1):5-9.
-# http://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZGKS200301000&dbname=CJFD2003
-# It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was
-# officially apparent solar time!  However, Guo also says that the
-# evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not
-# been taken over by the PRC yet.  It's plausible that apparent solar
-# time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued
-# to use UT+8.  As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the
-# observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it
-# could well have ignored any such mandate.
-#
-# (2)
-# Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China)
-# A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China
-# [undated and unknown publication location]
-# It says several things:
-#   * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China.
-#   * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective
-#     the official calendar book of 1914.
-#   * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in
-#     French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei)
-#     Observatory and set to local mean time.
-#   * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8.
-#   * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers)
-#     eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it
-#     became used by railways as well.
-#   * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into
-#     five time zones (see below for details).  This caught on
-#     at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8.
-#   * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7.  In practice
-#     this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in
-#     Japanese-occupied territory.
-#   * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time.
-#   * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into
-#     place (with some modifications) in March 1948.  It's not clear
-#     how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control.
-#   * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war.
-#
-# An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the
-# Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is
-# different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour
-# ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai."  Guess that the
-# Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT +08.
-#
-# In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but
-# this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger.
-# This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and
-# Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility.
-# Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice
-# mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were:
-#
-# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT +08:30
-# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
-# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
-#
-# Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT +08
-# Now part of Asia/Shanghai.
-# most of China
-# Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest.
-# Guo says Shanghai switched to UT +08 "from the end of the 19th century".
-#
-# Long-shu Time (probably as Long and Shu were two names of the area) UT +07
-# Now part of Asia/Shanghai; its pre-1970 times are not recorded here.
-# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
-# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; east Qinghai; and the Guangdong
-# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
-# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
-#
-# Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT +06
-# This region is now part of either Asia/Urumqi or Asia/Shanghai with
-# current boundaries uncertain; times before 1970 for areas that
-# disagree with Ürümqi or Shanghai are not recorded here.
-# The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai;
-# the Guangdong counties  Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang,
-# Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi;
-# east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi;
-# east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe,
-# Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin,
-# Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami,
-# Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan.
-#
-# Kunlun Time UT +05:30
-# This region is now in the same status as Xin-zang Time (see above).
-# West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule;
-# West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke,
-# Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding,
-# and Yarkand.
-
-# From Luther Ma (2009-10-17):
-# Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in
-# Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time,
-# but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on
-# what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese
-# they implicitly use Beijing time.
-#
-# On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the
-# population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two
-# hours behind Beijing time, or UT +06. The government of the Xinjiang
-# Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as
-# local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in
-# publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as
-# "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language
-# they almost invariably use Xinjiang time.
-#
-# (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its
-# widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in
-# Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.)
-#
-# (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990
-# or 1991 when summer time was in use.  The confusion was severe, with
-# the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same
-# time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and
-# others moving their clocks ahead.)
-
-# From Luther Ma (2009-11-19):
-# With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common
-# English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols):
-#
-# 1. Wulumuqi...
-# 2. Kashi...
-# 3. Urumqi...
-# 4. Kashgar...
-# ...
-# 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the
-# 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding
-# countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child.
-#
-# 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any
-# start date for Xinjiang time.
-#
-# Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally
-# publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur
-# Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also
-# not be using Beijing time, but some local time.)
-
-# From David Cochrane (2014-03-26):
-# Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986:
-# https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html
-
-# From Luther Ma (2014-04-22):
-# I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from
-# different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's
-# report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David
-# Cochrane.  Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially
-# recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least
-# the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time;
-# and Beijing Time.  There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers
-# to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some
-# population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other.  The only
-# problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as
-# having the same time as Beijing.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
-# In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT +06)
-# but this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun,
-# Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN
-# 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x.
-# As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone.
-#
-# Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized.  E.g., see
-# "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government"
-#  (2014-04-22).
-# Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986.
-# During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty,
-# the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan
-# Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of
-# China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be
-# quite a trick.  Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to
-# UT +06 at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren,
-# which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a
-# guess) as the transition from LMT.  Ignore the usage of +08 before
-# 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to +08 is unknown and
-# that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the
-# +08 mandate back then.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-# Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai.
-Zone	Asia/Shanghai	8:05:43	-	LMT	1901
-			8:00	Shang	C%sT	1949 May 28
-			8:00	PRC	C%sT
-# Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi
-# / Wulumuqi.  (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.)
-Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928
-			6:00	-	+06
-
-
-# Hong Kong
-
-# Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this.
-
-# From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24):
-# I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong
-# Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually,
-# it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK,
-# and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing
-# and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I
-# think 3:30 is correct.
-
-# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
-# According to Singaporean newspaper
-# http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/Digitised/Article/singfreepresswk19041102-1.2.37
-# the day that Hong Kong start using GMT+8 should be Oct 30, 1904.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-17):
-# Hong Kong had a time ball near the Marine Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui.
-# "The ball was raised manually each day and dropped at exactly 1pm
-# (except on Sundays and Government holidays)."
-# Dyson AD. From Time Ball to Atomic Clock. Hong Kong Government. 1983.
-# 
-# "From 1904 October 30 the time-ball at Hong Kong has been dropped by order
-# of the Governor of the Colony at 17h 0m 0s G.M.T., which is 23m 18s.14 in
-# advance of 1h 0m 0s of Hong Kong mean time."
-# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
-# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
-#
-# From Joseph Myers (2018-11-18):
-# An astronomer before 1925 referring to GMT would have been using the old
-# astronomical convention where the day started at noon, not midnight.
-#
-# From Steve Allen (2018-11-17):
-# Meteorological Observations made at the Hongkong Observatory in the year 1904
-# page 4 
-# ... the log of drop times in Table II shows that on Sunday 1904-10-30 the
-# ball was dropped.  So that looks like a special case drop for the sake
-# of broadcasting the new local time.
-#
-# From Phake Nick (2018-11-18):
-# According to The Hong Kong Weekly Press, 1904-10-29, p.324, the
-# governor of Hong Kong at the time stated that "We are further desired to
-# make it known that the change will be effected by firing the gun and by the
-# dropping of the Ball at 23min. 18sec. before one."
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
-# See  for this; unfortunately Flash is required.
-
-# From Phake Nick (2018-10-26):
-# I went to check microfilm records stored at Hong Kong Public Library....
-# on September 30 1941, according to Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong edition), it was
-# stated that fallback would occur on the next day (the 1st)'s "03:00 am (Hong
-# Kong Time 04:00 am)" and the clock will fall back for a half hour. (03:00
-# probably refer to the time commonly used in mainland China at the time given
-# the paper's background) ... the sunrise/sunset time given by South China
-# Morning Post for October 1st was indeed moved by half an hour compares to
-# before.  After that, in December, the battle to capture Hong Kong started and
-# the library doesn't seems to have any record stored about press during that
-# period of time.  Some media resumed publication soon after that within the
-# same month, but there were not much information about time there.  Later they
-# started including a radio program guide when they restored radio service,
-# explicitly mentioning it use Tokyo standard time, and later added a note
-# saying it's half an hour ahead of the old Hong Kong standard time, and it
-# also seems to indicate that Hong Kong was not using GMT+8 when it was
-# captured by Japan.
-#
-# Image of related sections on newspaper:
-# * 1941-09-30, Ta Kung Pao (Hong Kong), "Winter Time start tomorrow".
-#   https://i.imgur.com/6waY51Z.jpg (Chinese)
-# * 1941-09-29, South China Morning Post, Information on sunrise/sunset
-#   time and other things for September 30 and October 1.
-#   https://i.imgur.com/kCiUR78.jpg
-# * 1942-02-05. The Hong Kong News, Radio Program Guide.
-#   https://i.imgur.com/eVvDMzS.jpg
-# * 1941-06-14. Hong Kong Daily Press, Daylight Saving from 3am Tomorrow.
-#   https://i.imgur.com/05KkvtC.png
-# * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning.
-#   https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11):
-# "Hong Kong winter time" is considered to be daylight saving.
-# "Hong Kong had adopted daylight saving on June 15 as a wartime measure,
-# clocks moving forward one hour until October 1, when they would be put back
-# by just half an hour for 'Hong Kong Winter time', so that daylight saving
-# operated year round." -- Low Z. The longest day: when wartime Hong Kong
-# introduced daylight saving. South China Morning Post. 2019-06-28.
-# https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3016281/longest-day-when-wartime-hong-kong-introduced
-
-# From P Chan (2018-12-31):
-# * According to the Hong Kong Daylight-Saving Regulations, 1941, the
-#   1941 spring-forward transition was at 03:00.
-#	http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/304271.pdf
-#	http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkgro/view/g1941/305516.pdf
-# * According to some articles from South China Morning Post, +08 was
-#   resumed on 1945-11-18 at 02:00.
-#	https://i.imgur.com/M2IsZ3c.png
-#	https://i.imgur.com/iOPqrVo.png
-#	https://i.imgur.com/fffcGDs.png
-# * Some newspapers ... said the 1946 spring-forward transition was on
-#   04-21 at 00:00.  The Kung Sheung Evening News 1946-04-20 (Chinese)
-#	https://i.imgur.com/ZSzent0.png
-#	https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2FH7zGe%2FKF%2BFLYsuqGhRBfe p.4
-#   The Kung Sheung Daily News 1946-04-21 (Chinese)
-#	https://i.imgur.com/7ecmRlcm.png
-#	https://mmis.hkpl.gov.hk///c/portal/cover?c=QF757YsWv5%2BQBGt1%2BwUj5qG2GqtwR3Wh p.4
-# * According to the Summer Time Ordinance (1946), the fallback
-#   transitions between 1946 and 1952 were at 03:30 Standard Time (+08)
-#	http://oelawhk.lib.hku.hk/archive/files/bb74b06a74d5294620a15de560ab33c6.pdf
-# * Some other laws and regulations related to DST from 1953 to 1979
-#   Summer Time Ordinance 1953
-#	https://i.imgur.com/IOlJMav.jpg
-#   Summer Time (Amendment) Ordinance 1965
-#	https://i.imgur.com/8rofeLa.jpg
-#   Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance (1966)
-#	https://i.imgur.com/joy3msj.jpg
-#   Emergency (Summer Time) Regulation 1973 
-#   Interpretation and General Clauses (Amendment) Ordinance 1977
-#	https://i.imgur.com/RaNqnc4.jpg
-#   Resolution of the Legislative Council passed on 9 May 1979
-#	https://www.legco.gov.hk/yr78-79/english/lc_sitg/hansard/h790509.pdf#page=39
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15):
-# Here are the dates given at
-# https://www.hko.gov.hk/en/gts/time/Summertime.htm
-# as of 2020-02-10:
-# Year        Period
-# 1941        15 Jun to 30 Sep
-# 1942        Whole year
-# 1943        Whole year
-# 1944        Whole year
-# 1945        Whole year
-# 1946        20 Apr to 1 Dec
-# 1947        13 Apr to 30 Nov
-# 1948        2 May to 31 Oct
-# 1949        3 Apr to 30 Oct
-# 1950        2 Apr to 29 Oct
-# 1951        1 Apr to 28 Oct
-# 1952        6 Apr to 2 Nov
-# 1953        5 Apr to 1 Nov
-# 1954        21 Mar to 31 Oct
-# 1955        20 Mar to 6 Nov
-# 1956        18 Mar to 4 Nov
-# 1957        24 Mar to 3 Nov
-# 1958        23 Mar to 2 Nov
-# 1959        22 Mar to 1 Nov
-# 1960        20 Mar to 6 Nov
-# 1961        19 Mar to 5 Nov
-# 1962        18 Mar to 4 Nov
-# 1963        24 Mar to 3 Nov
-# 1964        22 Mar to 1 Nov
-# 1965        18 Apr to 17 Oct
-# 1966        17 Apr to 16 Oct
-# 1967        16 Apr to 22 Oct
-# 1968        21 Apr to 20 Oct
-# 1969        20 Apr to 19 Oct
-# 1970        19 Apr to 18 Oct
-# 1971        18 Apr to 17 Oct
-# 1972        16 Apr to 22 Oct
-# 1973        22 Apr to 21 Oct
-# 1973/74     30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74
-# 1975        20 Apr to 19 Oct
-# 1976        18 Apr to 17 Oct
-# 1977        Nil
-# 1978        Nil
-# 1979        13 May to 21 Oct
-# 1980 to Now Nil
-# The page does not give times of day for transitions,
-# or dates for the 1942 and 1945 transitions.
-# The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began 1941-12-25.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Apr	21	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	HK	1946	only	-	Dec	1	3:30s	0	-
-Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Apr	13	3:30s	1:00	S
-Rule	HK	1947	only	-	Nov	30	3:30s	0	-
-Rule	HK	1948	only	-	May	2	3:30s	1:00	S
-Rule	HK	1948	1952	-	Oct	Sun>=28	3:30s	0	-
-Rule	HK	1949	1953	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:30	1:00	S
-Rule	HK	1953	1964	-	Oct	Sun>=31	3:30	0	-
-Rule	HK	1954	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=18	3:30	1:00	S
-Rule	HK	1965	1976	-	Apr	Sun>=16	3:30	1:00	S
-Rule	HK	1965	1976	-	Oct	Sun>=16	3:30	0	-
-Rule	HK	1973	only	-	Dec	30	3:30	1:00	S
-Rule	HK	1979	only	-	May	13	3:30	1:00	S
-Rule	HK	1979	only	-	Oct	21	3:30	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:42 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30  0:36:42
-			8:00	-	HKT	1941 Jun 15  3:00
-			8:00	1:00	HKST	1941 Oct  1  4:00
-			8:00	0:30	HKWT	1941 Dec 25
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Nov 18  2:00
-			8:00	HK	HK%sT
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Taiwan
-
-# From smallufo (2010-04-03):
-# According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau],
-# http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm
-# Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30.
-
-# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
-# On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of
-# Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that
-# Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands
-# (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on
-# 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be
-# found on Wikisource:
-# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
-# ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because
-# during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone
-# declared officially.
-#
-# Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa
-# Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of
-# revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard
-# time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in
-# western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan
-# territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time
-# (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can
-# be found on Wikisource:
-# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
-#
-# That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UT+9 on Oct 1, 1937.
-
-# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
-# I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UT+9
-# back to UT+8 after WW2.  I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945.  In a document
-# during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time
-# zone back to Western Standard Time (UT+8) on Sep 21.  And in another
-# history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a
-# note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time".  From these two
-# materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21.  And
-# today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald"
-# from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact
-# that:
-#
-# 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using
-# the time at 135E (GMT+9)
-#
-# 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan
-# 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands,
-# as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called
-# Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8.
-#
-# 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the
-# territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard
-# Time.
-#
-# [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan:
-# http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037
-# [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site:
-# http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm
-# [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475:
-# http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf
-
-# Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03):
-# I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to
-# Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan.  It's Taiwan Governor-General
-# Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ...
-# [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local
-# bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on
-# Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21.  I think this bulletin is much more
-# official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the
-# top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this
-# would be a good one.
-# [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945:
-# http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener
-
-# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02):
-# In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from
-# Central Weather Bureau website was not correct.
-#
-# Original Bulletin:
-# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF
-# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.)
-#
-# In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that
-# telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government:
-#
-# http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431
-#
-# Here is a brief translation:
-#
-#   The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20
-#   midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time
-#   adoption till Oct 31 midnight.
-#
-# The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can
-# be found from historical government announcement database.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03):
-# As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT +09 from 1937-10-01
-# until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Taiwan	1946	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1946	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Taiwan	1947	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1947	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Taiwan	1948	1951	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1948	1951	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Taiwan	1952	only	-	Mar	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1952	1954	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Taiwan	1953	1959	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1955	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Taiwan	1960	1961	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1974	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Taiwan	1979	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	S
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-# Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei
-Zone	Asia/Taipei	8:06:00 -	LMT	1896 Jan  1
-			8:00	-	CST	1937 Oct  1
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep 21  1:00
-			8:00	Taiwan	C%sT
-
-# Macau (Macao, Aomen)
-#
-# From P Chan (2018-05-10):
-# * LegisMac
-#   http://legismac.safp.gov.mo/legismac/descqry/Descqry.jsf?lang=pt
-#   A database for searching titles of legal documents of Macau in
-#   Chinese and Portuguese.  The term "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" can be used for
-#   searching decrees about summer time.
-# * Archives of Macao
-#   http://www.archives.gov.mo/en/bo/
-#   It contains images of old official gazettes.
-# * The Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau have a page listing the
-#   summer time history.  But it is not complete and has some mistakes.
-#   http://www.smg.gov.mo/smg/geophysics/e_t_Summer%20Time.htm
-# Macau adopted GMT+8 on 30 Oct 1904 to follow Hong Kong.  Clocks were
-# advanced by 25 minutes and 50 seconds.  Which means the LMT used was
-# +7:34:10.  As stated in the "Portaria No. 204" dated 21 October 1904
-# and published in the Official Gazette on 29 October 1904.
-# http://igallery.icm.gov.mo/Images/Archives/BO/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10/MO_AH_PUB_BO_1904_10_00025_Grey.JPG
-#
-# Therefore the 1911 decree of Portugal did not change time in Macau.
-#
-# From LegisMac, here is a list of decrees that changed the time ...
-# [Decree Gazette-no. date; titles omitted in this quotation]
-#	DIL 732 BOCM 51 1941.12.20
-#	DIL 764 BOCM 9S 1942.04.30
-#	DIL 781 BOCM 21 1942.10.10
-#	PT 3434 BOCM 8S 1943.04.17
-#	PT 3504 BOCM 20 1943.09.25
-#	PT 3843 BOCM 39 1945.09.29
-#	PT 3961 BOCM 17 1946.04.27
-#	PT 4026 BOCM 39 1946.09.28
-#	PT 4153 BOCM 16 1947.04.10
-#	PT 4271 BOCM 48 1947.11.29
-#	PT 4374 BOCM 18 1948.05.01
-#	PT 4465 BOCM 44 1948.10.30
-#	PT 4590 BOCM 14 1949.04.02
-#	PT 4666 BOCM 44 1949.10.29
-#	PT 4771 BOCM 12 1950.03.25
-#	PT 4838 BOCM 43 1950.10.28
-#	PT 4946 BOCM 12 1951.03.24
-#	PT 5025 BO 43 1951.10.27
-#	PT 5149 BO 14 1952.04.05
-#	PT 5251 BO 43 1952.10.25
-#	PT 5366 BO 13 1953.03.28
-#	PT 5444 BO 44 1953.10.31
-#	PT 5540 BO 12 1954.03.20
-#	PT 5589 BO 44 1954.10.30
-#	PT 5676 BO 12 1955.03.19
-#	PT 5739 BO 45 1955.11.05
-#	PT 5823 BO 11 1956.03.17
-#	PT 5891 BO 44 1956.11.03
-#	PT 5981 BO 12 1957.03.23
-#	PT 6064 BO 43 1957.10.26
-#	PT 6172 BO 12 1958.03.22
-#	PT 6243 BO 43 1958.10.25
-#	PT 6341 BO 12 1959.03.21
-#	PT 6411 BO 43 1959.10.24
-#	PT 6514 BO 11 1960.03.12
-#	PT 6584 BO 44 1960.10.29
-#	PT 6721 BO 10 1961.03.11
-#	PT 6815 BO 43 1961.10.28
-#	PT 6947 BO 10 1962.03.10
-#	PT 7080 BO 43 1962.10.27
-#	PT 7218 BO 12 1963.03.23
-#	PT 7340 BO 43 1963.10.26
-#	PT 7491 BO 11 1964.03.14
-#	PT 7664 BO 43 1964.10.24
-#	PT 7846 BO 15 1965.04.10
-#	PT 7979 BO 42 1965.10.16
-#	PT 8146 BO 15 1966.04.09
-#	PT 8252 BO 41 1966.10.08
-#	PT 8429 BO 15 1967.04.15
-#	PT 8540 BO 41 1967.10.14
-#	PT 8735 BO 15 1968.04.13
-#	PT 8860 BO 41 1968.10.12
-#	PT 9035 BO 16 1969.04.19
-#	PT 9156 BO 42 1969.10.18
-#	PT 9328 BO 15 1970.04.11
-#	PT 9418 BO 41 1970.10.10
-#	PT 9587 BO 14 1971.04.03
-#	PT 9702 BO 41 1971.10.09
-#	PT 38-A/72 BO 14 1972.04.01
-#	PT 126-A/72 BO 41 1972.10.07
-#	PT 61/73 BO 14 1973.04.07
-#	PT 182/73 BO 40 1973.10.06
-#	PT 282/73 BO 51 1973.12.22
-#	PT 177/74 BO 41 1974.10.12
-#	PT 51/75 BO 15 1975.04.12
-#	PT 173/75 BO 41 1975.10.11
-#	PT 67/76/M BO 14 1976.04.03
-#	PT 169/76/M BO 41 1976.10.09
-#	PT 78/79/M BO 19 1979.05.12
-#	PT 166/79/M BO 42 1979.10.20
-# Note that DIL 732 does not belong to "HORÁRIO DE VERÃO" according to
-# LegisMac.... Note that between 1942 and 1945, the time switched
-# between GMT+9 and GMT+10.  Also in 1965 and 1965 the DST ended at 2:30am.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-10):
-# The 1904 decree says that Macau changed from the meridian of
-# Fortaleza do Monte, presumably the basis for the 7:34:10 for LMT.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Macau	1942	1943	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Macau	1942	only	-	Nov	17	23:00	0	-
-Rule	Macau	1943	only	-	Sep	30	23:00	0	S
-Rule	Macau	1946	only	-	Apr	30	23:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Macau	1946	only	-	Sep	30	23:00s	0	S
-Rule	Macau	1947	only	-	Apr	19	23:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Macau	1947	only	-	Nov	30	23:00s	0	S
-Rule	Macau	1948	only	-	May	 2	23:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Macau	1948	only	-	Oct	31	23:00s	0	S
-Rule	Macau	1949	1950	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Macau	1949	1950	-	Oct	lastSat	23:00s	0	S
-Rule	Macau	1951	only	-	Mar	31	23:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Macau	1951	only	-	Oct	28	23:00s	0	S
-Rule	Macau	1952	1953	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Macau	1952	only	-	Nov	 1	23:00s	0	S
-Rule	Macau	1953	1954	-	Oct	lastSat	23:00s	0	S
-Rule	Macau	1954	1956	-	Mar	Sat>=17	23:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Macau	1955	only	-	Nov	 5	23:00s	0	S
-Rule	Macau	1956	1964	-	Nov	Sun>=1	03:30	0	S
-Rule	Macau	1957	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=18	03:30	1:00	D
-Rule	Macau	1965	1973	-	Apr	Sun>=16	03:30	1:00	D
-Rule	Macau	1965	1966	-	Oct	Sun>=16	02:30	0	S
-Rule	Macau	1967	1976	-	Oct	Sun>=16	03:30	0	S
-Rule	Macau	1973	only	-	Dec	30	03:30	1:00	D
-Rule	Macau	1975	1976	-	Apr	Sun>=16	03:30	1:00	D
-Rule	Macau	1979	only	-	May	13	03:30	1:00	D
-Rule	Macau	1979	only	-	Oct	Sun>=16	03:30	0	S
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Macau	7:34:10 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30
-			8:00	-	CST	1941 Dec 21 23:00
-			9:00	Macau	+09/+10	1945 Sep 30 24:00
-			8:00	Macau	C%sT
-
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Cyprus
-
-# Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00.  Stick with LMT.
-# IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-09):
-# Yesterday's Cyprus Mail reports that Northern Cyprus followed Turkey's
-# lead and switched from +02/+03 to +03 year-round.
-# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/09/08/two-time-zones-cyprus-turkey-will-not-turn-clocks-back-next-month/
-#
-# From Even Scharning (2016-10-31):
-# Looks like the time zone split in Cyprus went through last night.
-# http://cyprus-mail.com/2016/10/30/cyprus-new-division-two-time-zones-now-reality/
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
-# Northern Cyprus will reinstate winter time on October 29, thus
-# staying in sync with the rest of Cyprus.  See: Anastasiou A.
-# Cyprus to remain united in time.  Cyprus Mail 2017-10-17.
-# https://cyprus-mail.com/2017/10/17/cyprus-remain-united-time/
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Apr	13	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Cyprus	1975	only	-	Oct	12	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Cyprus	1976	only	-	Oct	11	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Cyprus	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Cyprus	1977	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Cyprus	1978	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Cyprus	1979	1997	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Cyprus	1981	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Nicosia	2:13:28 -	LMT	1921 Nov 14
-			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
-			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT
-Zone	Asia/Famagusta	2:15:48	-	LMT	1921 Nov 14
-			2:00	Cyprus	EE%sT	1998 Sep
-			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT	2016 Sep  8
-			3:00	-	+03	2017 Oct 29 1:00u
-			2:00	EUAsia	EE%sT
-
-# Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72.
-# However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe.
-Link	Asia/Nicosia	Europe/Nicosia
-
-# Georgia
-# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19):
-# Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward
-# an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze,
-# an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it!
-# We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall.
-#
-# From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04):
-# Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia
-# will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy,
-# President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday.
-#
-# From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27):
-#
-# Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday...  The former Soviet
-# republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow.  As a result it
-# is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours
-# ahead.  The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia,
-# Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process
-# of integration into Europe.
-
-# From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07):
-# Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on
-# [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years.
-# Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT
-# +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document
-# about it.  As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document,
-# because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time....
-# I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our
-# DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month.
-
-# Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7.
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11.
-# Go with Byalokoz.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Tbilisi	2:59:11 -	LMT	1880
-			2:59:11	-	TBMT	1924 May  2 # Tbilisi Mean Time
-			3:00	-	+03	1957 Mar
-			4:00 RussiaAsia +04/+05	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			3:00 RussiaAsia +03/+04	1992
-			3:00 E-EurAsia	+03/+04	1994 Sep lastSun
-			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	1996 Oct lastSun
-			4:00	1:00	+05	1997 Mar lastSun
-			4:00 E-EurAsia	+04/+05	2004 Jun 27
-			3:00 RussiaAsia	+03/+04	2005 Mar lastSun  2:00
-			4:00	-	+04
-
-# East Timor
-
-# See Indonesia for the 1945 transition.
-
-# From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in
-# East Timor may be late for its millennium
-#  (1999-12-26/31):
-# Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun
-# rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the
-# Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it
-# conflicts with their way of life.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
-# We don't have any record of the above attempt.
-# Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data.
-
-# From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General
-# http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html
-# (2000-08-16):
-# The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided
-# today to advance East Timor's time by one hour.  The time change,
-# which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at
-# midnight on Saturday, September 16.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Dili	8:22:20 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1
-			8:00	-	+08	1942 Feb 21 23:00
-			9:00	-	+09	1976 May  3
-			8:00	-	+08	2000 Sep 17  0:00
-			9:00	-	+09
-
-# India
-
-# British astronomer Henry Park Hollis disliked India Standard Time's offset:
-# "A new time system has been proposed for India, Further India, and Burmah.
-# The scheme suggested is that the times of the meridians 5½ and 6½ hours
-# east of Greenwich should be adopted in these territories.  No reason is
-# given why hourly meridians five hours and six hours east should not be
-# chosen; a plan which would bring the time of India into harmony with
-# that of almost the whole of the civilised world."
-# Hollis HP. Universal Time, Longitudes, and Geodesy. Mon Not R Astron Soc.
-# 1905-02-10;65(4):405-6. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/65.4.382
-
-# From Ian P. Beacock, in "A brief history of (modern) time", The Atlantic
-# https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2015/12/the-creation-of-modern-time/421419/
-# (2015-12-22):
-# In January 1906, several thousand cotton-mill workers rioted on the
-# outskirts of Bombay....  They were protesting the proposed abolition of
-# local time in favor of Indian Standard Time....  Journalists called this
-# dispute the "Battle of the Clocks."  It lasted nearly half a century.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-04-20):
-# Good luck trying to nail down old timekeeping records in India.
-# "... in the nineteenth century ... Madras Observatory took its magnetic
-# measurements on Göttingen time, its meteorological measurements on Madras
-# (local) time, dropped its time ball on Greenwich (ocean navigator's) time,
-# and distributed civil (local time)." -- Bartky IR. Selling the true time:
-# 19th-century timekeeping in america. Stanford U Press (2000), 247 note 19.
-# "A more potent cause of resistance to the general adoption of the present
-# standard time lies in the fact that it is Madras time.  The citizen of
-# Bombay, proud of being 'primus in Indis' and of Calcutta, equally proud of
-# his city being the Capital of India, and - for a part of the year - the Seat
-# of the Supreme Government, alike look down on Madras, and refuse to change
-# the time they are using, for that of what they regard as a benighted
-# Presidency; while Madras, having for long given the standard time to the
-# rest of India, would resist the adoption of any other Indian standard in its
-# place." -- Oldham RD. On Time in India: a suggestion for its improvement.
-# Proceedings of the Asiatic Society of Bengal (April 1899), 49-55.
-#
-# "In 1870 ... Madras time - 'now used by the telegraph and regulated from the
-# only government observatory' - was suggested as a standard railway time,
-# first to be adopted on the Great Indian Peninsular Railway (GIPR)....
-# Calcutta, Bombay, and Karachi, were to be allowed to continue with their
-# local time for civil purposes." - Prasad R. Tracks of Change: Railways and
-# Everyday Life in Colonial India. Cambridge University Press (2016), 145.
-#
-# Reed S, Low F. The Indian Year Book 1936-37. Bennett, Coleman, pp 27-8.
-# https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.282212
-# This lists +052110 as Madras local time used in railways, and says that on
-# 1906-01-01 railways and telegraphs in India switched to +0530.  Some
-# municipalities retained their former time, and the time in Calcutta
-# continued to depend on whether you were at the railway station or at
-# government offices.  Government time was at +055320 (according to Shanks) or
-# at +0554 (according to the Indian Year Book).  Railway time is more
-# appropriate for our purposes, as it was better documented, it is what we do
-# elsewhere (e.g., Europe/London before 1880), and after 1906 it was
-# consistent in the region now identified by Asia/Kolkata.  So, use railway
-# time for 1870-1941.  Shanks is our only (and dubious) source for the
-# 1941-1945 data.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Kolkata	5:53:28 -	LMT	1854 Jun 28 # Kolkata
-			5:53:20	-	HMT	1870	    # Howrah Mean Time?
-			5:21:10	-	MMT	1906 Jan  1 # Madras local time
-			5:30	-	IST	1941 Oct
-			5:30	1:00	+0630	1942 May 15
-			5:30	-	IST	1942 Sep
-			5:30	1:00	+0630	1945 Oct 15
-			5:30	-	IST
-# Since 1970 the following are like Asia/Kolkata:
-#	Andaman Is
-#	Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
-#	Nicobar Is
-
-# Indonesia
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
-# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
-# civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
-#
-# From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
-# http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
-# says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01.  Looking at some
-# time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
-# and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
-# Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
-# JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
-# Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
-# other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
-# September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
-# These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
-# Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
-# Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
-# from UT +09 to +07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
-# (Hollandia).  For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
-# switched on 1945-09-23.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):
-# Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in
-# Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even
-# when writing in English.  For example, see the English-language
-# summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the
-# Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology,
-# Indonesia,  (2006-09-29).
-# The time zone abbreviations and UT offsets are:
-#
-# WIB  - +07 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time)
-# WITA - +08 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time)
-# WIT  - +09 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time)
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-# Java, Sumatra
-Zone Asia/Jakarta	7:07:12 -	LMT	1867 Aug 10
-# Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13,
-# but this must be a typo.
-			7:07:12	-	BMT	1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia
-			7:20	-	+0720	1932 Nov
-			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Mar 23
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 23
-			7:30	-	+0730	1948 May
-			8:00	-	+08	1950 May
-			7:30	-	+0730	1964
-			7:00	-	WIB
-# west and central Borneo
-Zone Asia/Pontianak	7:17:20	-	LMT	1908 May
-			7:17:20	-	PMT	1932 Nov    # Pontianak MT
-			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Jan 29
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 23
-			7:30	-	+0730	1948 May
-			8:00	-	+08	1950 May
-			7:30	-	+0730	1964
-			8:00	-	WITA	1988 Jan  1
-			7:00	-	WIB
-# Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo
-Zone Asia/Makassar	7:57:36 -	LMT	1920
-			7:57:36	-	MMT	1932 Nov    # Macassar MT
-			8:00	-	+08	1942 Feb  9
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 23
-			8:00	-	WITA
-# Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua
-Zone Asia/Jayapura	9:22:48 -	LMT	1932 Nov
-			9:00	-	+09	1944 Sep  1
-			9:30	-	+0930	1964
-			9:00	-	WIT
-
-# Iran
-
-# From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15):
-# This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian).
-# The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine:
-#
-#	Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16]
-#	No. 16760/T233 H				1370/6/10 [1991-09-01]
-#
-#	The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country
-#
-#	The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14],
-#	based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13]
-#	of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs,
-#	and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers
-#	and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and
-#	for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that:
-#
-#	The official time of the country will should move forward one hour
-#	at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return
-#	to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of
-#	Shahrivar.
-#
-#	First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi
-#
-# From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed
-# for at least the last 5 years.  Before that, for a few years, the
-# date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last
-# Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates....
-#
-# From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05):
-# The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions
-# that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic
-# leap year calculation involved.  There has never been any serious
-# plan to change that law....
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30):
-# Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter.
-# I used the following code in GNU Emacs 26.1 to generate the "Rule Iran"
-# lines from 2008 through 2087.  Emacs 26.1 uses Ed Reingold's
-# cal-persia implementation of Birashk's approximation, which in the
-# 2008-2087 range disagrees with the astronomical Persian calendar
-# for Persian years 1404 (Gregorian 2025) and 1437 (Gregorian 2058), so
-# the following code special-cases those years.  See Table 15.1, page 264, of:
-# Edward M. Reingold and Nachum Dershowitz, Calendrical Calculations:
-# The Ultimate Edition, Cambridge University Press (2018).
-# https://www.cambridge.org/fr/academic/subjects/computer-science/computing-general-interest/calendrical-calculations-ultimate-edition-4th-edition
-# Page 258, footnote 2, of this book says there is some dispute over what will
-# happen in 2091 (and some other years after that), so this code
-# stops in 2087, as 2088 and 2089 agree with the "max" rule below.
-# (cl-loop
-#  initially (require 'cal-persia)
-#  with first-persian-year = 1387
-#  with last-persian-year = 1466
-#  ;; Exceptional years in the above range,
-#  ;; from Reingold & Dershowitz Table 15.1, page 264:
-#  with exceptional-persian-years = '(1404 1437)
-#  with range-start = nil
-#  for persian-year from first-persian-year to last-persian-year
-#  do
-#  (let*
-#      ((exceptional-year-offset
-#        (if (member persian-year exceptional-persian-years) 1 0))
-#       (beg-dst-absolute
-#        (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 persian-year))
-#           exceptional-year-offset))
-#       (end-dst-absolute
-#        (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 6 30 persian-year))
-#           exceptional-year-offset))
-#       (next-year-beg-dst-absolute
-#        (+ (calendar-persian-to-absolute (list 1 1 (1+ persian-year)))
-#           (if (member (1+ persian-year) exceptional-persian-years) 1 0)))
-#       (beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute beg-dst-absolute))
-#       (end-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute end-dst-absolute))
-#       (next-year-beg-dst (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
-#                           next-year-beg-dst-absolute))
-#       (year (calendar-extract-year beg-dst))
-#       (range-end (if range-start year "only")))
-#    (setq range-start (or range-start year))
-#    (when (or (/= (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)
-#                  (calendar-extract-day next-year-beg-dst))
-#              (= persian-year last-persian-year))
-#      (insert
-#       (format
-#        "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\t-\n"
-#        range-start range-end
-#        (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month beg-dst) t)
-#        (calendar-extract-day beg-dst)))
-#      (insert
-#       (format
-#        "Rule\tIran\t%d\t%s\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
-#        range-start range-end
-#        (calendar-month-name (calendar-extract-month end-dst) t)
-#        (calendar-extract-day end-dst)))
-#      (setq range-start nil))))
-#
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future
-# discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar:
-# For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for
-# the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local
-# Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be
-# known exactly, amongst other factors.  2157 is even closer:
-# 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT.  But the Gregorian year 2025 should give
-# no interpretation problem whatsoever.  By the way, another instant
-# in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between
-# arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058:
-# vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT.  The Java version of
-# Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date
-# 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical).
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22):
-# Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore:
-# http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm
-#
-# From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen:
-# ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce
-# daylight saving time ...
-# https://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916
-#
-# From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05):
-# This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of
-# Iran, Volume 63, No. 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24
-# [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:...
-# The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour
-# on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will
-# be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the
-# thirtieth day of Shahrivar.
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Iran	1978	1980	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	1978	only	-	Oct	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	1979	only	-	Sep	18	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	1980	only	-	Sep	22	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	1991	only	-	May	 2	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	1992	1995	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	1991	1995	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	1996	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	1997	1999	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2000	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2001	2003	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2004	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2005	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2008	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2009	2011	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2012	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2013	2015	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2016	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2017	2019	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2020	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2021	2023	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2024	only	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2025	2027	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2028	2029	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2030	2031	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2032	2033	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2034	2035	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2036	2037	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2038	2039	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2038	2039	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2040	2041	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2040	2041	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2042	2043	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2042	2043	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2044	2045	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2044	2045	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2046	2047	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2046	2047	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2048	2049	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2048	2049	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2050	2051	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2050	2051	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2052	2053	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2052	2053	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2054	2055	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2054	2055	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2056	2057	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2056	2057	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2058	2059	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2058	2059	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2060	2062	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2060	2062	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2063	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2063	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2064	2066	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2064	2066	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2067	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2067	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2068	2070	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2068	2070	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2071	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2071	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2072	2074	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2072	2074	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2075	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2075	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2076	2078	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2076	2078	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2079	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2079	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2080	2082	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2080	2082	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2083	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2083	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2084	2086	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2084	2086	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Iran	2087	only	-	Mar	21	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2087	only	-	Sep	21	24:00	0	-
-#
-# The following rules are approximations starting in the year 2088.
-# These are the best post-2088 approximations available, given the
-# restrictions of a single rule using ordinary Gregorian dates.
-# At some point this table will need to be extended, though quite
-# possibly Iran will change the rules first.
-Rule	Iran	2088	max	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iran	2088	max	-	Sep	20	24:00	0	-
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Tehran	3:25:44	-	LMT	1916
-			3:25:44	-	TMT	1946     # Tehran Mean Time
-			3:30	-	+0330	1977 Nov
-			4:00	Iran	+04/+05	1979
-			3:30	Iran	+0330/+0430
-
-
-# Iraq
-#
-# From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12):
-# An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in
-# the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph:
-# "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and
-# are an hour ahead of Baghdad."
-#
-# But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows:
-# In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi
-# Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time.  They referred
-# to daylight saving as Saddam time.  But, as of today, the time zone
-# in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq.
-#
-# So we'll ignore the Economist's claim.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10):
-# The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following
-# news sources (in Arabic):
-# http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html
-# http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10
-#
-# We have published a short article in English about the change:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Iraq	1982	only	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iraq	1982	1984	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Iraq	1983	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iraq	1984	1985	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iraq	1985	1990	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
-Rule	Iraq	1986	1990	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	-
-# IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo.
-# Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this.
-#
-Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Apr	 1	3:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	Iraq	1991	2007	-	Oct	 1	3:00s	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Baghdad	2:57:40	-	LMT	1890
-			2:57:36	-	BMT	1918     # Baghdad Mean Time?
-			3:00	-	+03	1982 May
-			3:00	Iraq	+03/+04
-
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Israel
-
-# For more info about the motivation for DST in Israel, see:
-# Barak Y. Israel's Daylight Saving Time controversy. Israel Affairs.
-# 2020-08-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537121.2020.1806564
-
-# From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11):
-#
-# I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988.  Until then there were three
-# different abbreviations in use:
-#
-# JST  Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University]
-# IZT  Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion]
-# EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else]
-#
-# Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities,
-# I ruled out JST.  As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe,
-# EEST was equally unacceptable.  Since "zonal" was not compatible with
-# any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go
-# and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone
-# settings in Israeli computers.
-#
-# In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India,
-# high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's
-# family is from India).
-
-# From P Chan (2020-10-27), with corrections:
-#
-# 1940-1946 Supplement No. 2 to the Palestine Gazette
-# # issue page  Order No.   dated      start        end         note
-# 1 1010  729  67 of 1940 1940-05-22 1940-05-31* 1940-09-30* revoked by #2
-# 2 1013  758  73 of 1940 1940-05-31 1940-05-31  1940-09-30
-# 3 1055 1574 196 of 1940 1940-11-06 1940-11-16  1940-12-31
-# 4 1066 1811 208 of 1940 1940-12-17 1940-12-31  1941-12-31
-# 5 1156 1967 116 of 1941 1941-12-16 1941-12-31  1942-12-31* amended by #6
-# 6 1228 1608  86 of 1942 1942-10-14 1941-12-31  1942-10-31
-# 7 1256  279  21 of 1943 1943-03-18 1943-03-31  1943-10-31
-# 8 1323  249  19 of 1944 1944-03-13 1944-03-31  1944-10-31
-# 9 1402  328  20 of 1945 1945-04-05 1945-04-15  1945-10-31
-#10 1487  596  14 of 1946 1946-04-04 1946-04-15  1946-10-31
-#
-# 1948 Iton Rishmi (Official Gazette of the Provisional Government)
-# #    issue    page   dated      start       end
-#11 2             7 1948-05-20 1948-05-22 1948-10-31*
-#	^This moved timezone to +04, replaced by #12 from 1948-08-31 24:00 GMT.
-#12 17 (Annex B) 84 1948-08-22 1948-08-31 1948-10-31
-#
-# 1949-2000 Kovetz HaTakanot (Collection of Regulations)
-# # issue page  dated      start       end            note
-#13    6  133 1949-03-23 1949-04-30  1949-10-31
-#14   80  755 1950-03-17 1950-04-15  1950-09-14
-#15  164  782 1951-03-22 1951-03-31  1951-09-29* amended by #16
-#16  206 1940 1951-09-23 ----------  1951-10-22* amended by #17
-#17  212   78 1951-10-19 ----------  1951-11-10
-#18  254  652 1952-03-03 1952-04-19  1952-09-27* amended by #19
-#19  300   11 1952-09-15 ----------  1952-10-18
-#20  348  817 1953-03-03 1953-04-11  1953-09-12
-#21  420  385 1954-02-17 1954-06-12  1954-09-11
-#22  497  548 1955-01-14 1955-06-11  1955-09-10
-#23  591  608 1956-03-12 1956-06-02  1956-09-29
-#24  680  957 1957-02-08 1957-04-27  1957-09-21
-#25 3192 1418 1974-06-28 1974-07-06  1974-10-12
-#26 3322 1389 1975-04-03 1975-04-19  1975-08-30
-#27 4146 2089 1980-07-15 1980-08-02  1980-09-13
-#28 4604 1081 1984-02-22 1984-05-05* 1984-08-25* revoked by #29
-#29 4619 1312 1984-04-06 1984-05-05  1984-08-25
-#30 4744  475 1984-12-23 1985-04-13  1985-09-14* amended by #31
-#31 4851 1848 1985-08-18 ----------  1985-08-31
-#32 4932  899 1986-04-22 1986-05-17  1986-09-06
-#33 5013  580 1987-02-15 1987-04-18* 1987-08-22* revoked by #34
-#34 5021  744 1987-03-30 1987-04-14  1987-09-12
-#35 5096  659 1988-02-14 1988-04-09  1988-09-03
-#36 5167  514 1989-02-03 1989-04-29  1989-09-02
-#37 5248  375 1990-01-23 1990-03-24  1990-08-25
-#38 5335  612 1991-02-10 1991-03-09* 1991-08-31	 amended by #39
-#			 1992-03-28  1992-09-05
-#39 5339  709 1991-03-04 1991-03-23  ----------
-#40 5506  503 1993-02-18 1993-04-02  1993-09-05
-#			 1994-04-01  1994-08-28
-#			 1995-03-31  1995-09-03
-#41 5731  438 1996-01-01 1996-03-14  1996-09-15
-#			 1997-03-13* 1997-09-18* overridden by 1997 Temp Prov
-#			 1998-03-19* 1998-09-17* revoked by #42
-#42 5853 1243 1997-09-18 1998-03-19  1998-09-05
-#43 5937   77 1998-10-18 1999-04-02  1999-09-03
-#			 2000-04-14* 2000-09-15* revoked by #44
-#			 2001-04-13* 2001-09-14* revoked by #44
-#44 6024   39 2000-03-14 2000-04-14  2000-10-22* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov
-#			 2001-04-06* 2001-10-10* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov
-#			 2002-03-29* 2002-10-29* overridden by 2000 Temp Prov
-#
-# These are laws enacted by the Knesset since the Minister could only alter the
-# transition dates at least six months in advanced under the 1992 Law.
-#				dated		start		end
-# 1997 Temporary Provisions	1997-03-06	1997-03-20	1997-09-13
-# 2000 Temporary Provisions	2000-07-28	----------	2000-10-06
-#						2001-04-09	2001-09-24
-#						2002-03-29	2002-10-07
-#						2003-03-28	2003-10-03
-#						2004-04-07	2004-09-22
-# Note:
-# Transition times in 1940-1957 (#1-#24) were midnight GMT,
-# in 1974-1998 (#25-#42 and the 1997 Temporary Provisions) were midnight,
-# in 1999-April 2000 (#43,#44) were 02:00,
-# in the 2000 Temporary Provisions were 01:00.
-#
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Links:
-# 1 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537490&increment=687
-# 2 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537490&increment=716
-# 3 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537491&increment=721
-# 4 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537491&increment=958
-# 5 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537502&increment=558
-# 6 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537511&increment=105
-# 7 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537516&increment=278
-# 8 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537522&increment=248
-# 9 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537530&increment=329
-#10 https://findit.library.yale.edu/images_layout/view?parentoid=15537537&increment=601
-#11 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law12/er-002.pdf#page=3
-#12 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law12/er-017-t2.pdf#page=4
-#13 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0006.pdf#page=3
-#14 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0080.pdf#page=7
-#15 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0164.pdf#page=10
-#16 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0206.pdf#page=4
-#17 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0212.pdf#page=2
-#18 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0254.pdf#page=4
-#19 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0300.pdf#page=5
-#20 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0348.pdf#page=3
-#21 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0420.pdf#page=5
-#22 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0497.pdf#page=10
-#23 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0591.pdf#page=6
-#24 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-0680.pdf#page=3
-#25 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-3192.pdf#page=2
-#26 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-3322.pdf#page=5
-#27 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4146.pdf#page=2
-#28 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4604.pdf#page=7
-#29 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4619.pdf#page=2
-#30 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4744.pdf#page=11
-#31 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4851.pdf#page=2
-#32 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-4932.pdf#page=19
-#33 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5013.pdf#page=8
-#34 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5021.pdf#page=8
-#35 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5096.pdf#page=3
-#36 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5167.pdf#page=2
-#37 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5248.pdf#page=7
-#38 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5335.pdf#page=6
-#39 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5339.pdf#page=7
-#40 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5506.pdf#page=19
-#41 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5731.pdf#page=2
-#42 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5853.pdf#page=3
-#43 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-5937.pdf#page=9
-#44 https://www.nevo.co.il/law_word/law06/tak-6024.pdf#page=4
-#
-# Time Determination (Temporary Provisions) Law, 1997
-# https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law19/p201_003.htm
-#
-# Time Determination (Temporary Provisions) Law, 2000
-# https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law19/p201_004.htm
-#
-# Time Determination Law, 1992 and amendments
-# https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/p201_002.htm
-# https://main.knesset.gov.il/Activity/Legislation/Laws/Pages/LawPrimary.aspx?lawitemid=2001174
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2020-10-27):
-# Several of the midnight transitions mentioned above are ambiguous;
-# are they 00:00, 00:00s, 24:00, or 24:00s?  When resolving these ambiguities,
-# try to minimize changes from previous tzdb versions, for lack of better info.
-# Commentary from previous versions is included below, to help explain this.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Zion	1940	only	-	May	31	24:00u	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1940	only	-	Sep	30	24:00u	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1940	only	-	Nov	16	24:00u	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1942	1946	-	Oct	31	24:00u	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1943	1944	-	Mar	31	24:00u	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1945	1946	-	Apr	15	24:00u	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	May	22	24:00u	2:00	DD
-Rule	Zion	1948	only	-	Aug	31	24:00u	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1948	1949	-	Oct	31	24:00u	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1949	only	-	Apr	30	24:00u	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Apr	15	24:00u	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1950	only	-	Sep	14	24:00u	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Mar	31	24:00u	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1951	only	-	Nov	10	24:00u	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Apr	19	24:00u	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1952	only	-	Oct	18	24:00u	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Apr	11	24:00u	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1953	only	-	Sep	12	24:00u	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Jun	12	24:00u	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1954	only	-	Sep	11	24:00u	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Jun	11	24:00u	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1955	only	-	Sep	10	24:00u	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Jun	 2	24:00u	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1956	only	-	Sep	29	24:00u	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Apr	27	24:00u	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1957	only	-	Sep	21	24:00u	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Jul	 6	24:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1974	only	-	Oct	12	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Apr	19	24:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1975	only	-	Aug	30	24:00	0	S
-
-# From Alois Treindl (2019-03-06):
-# http://www.moin.gov.il/Documents/שעון%20קיץ/clock-50-years-7-2014.pdf
-# From Isaac Starkman (2019-03-06):
-# Summer time was in that period in 1980 and 1984, see
-# https://www.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3951073,00.html
-# You can of course read it in translation.
-# I checked the local newspapers for that years.
-# It started on midnight and end at 01.00 am.
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-03-06):
-# Also see this thread about the moin.gov.il URL:
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-November/027194.html
-Rule	Zion	1980	only	-	Aug	 2	24:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1980	only	-	Sep	13	24:00s	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1984	only	-	May	 5	24:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1984	only	-	Aug	25	24:00s	0	S
-
-Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Apr	13	24:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1985	only	-	Aug	31	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	May	17	24:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1986	only	-	Sep	 6	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Apr	14	24:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1987	only	-	Sep	12	24:00	0	S
-
-# From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05):
-# I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the
-# [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath
-# ends and changes to Sunday.
-Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Apr	 9	24:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1988	only	-	Sep	 3	24:00	0	S
-
-# From Ephraim Silverberg
-# (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22,
-# and 2005-02-17):
-
-# According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of
-# Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes.
-# One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150
-# days of daylight savings time annually.  From 1993-1998, the change to
-# daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to
-# 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a
-# Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard
-# time.  1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard
-# time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid
-# conflicts with the Jewish New Year.  In 1999, the change to
-# daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from
-# 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time
-# was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for
-# 1999 only.  In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was
-# similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it
-# will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST.  Starting in 2001, all
-# changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no
-# rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date
-# (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve
-# of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date
-# (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement]
-# (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar).
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Apr	29	24:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1989	only	-	Sep	 2	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Mar	24	24:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1990	only	-	Aug	25	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Mar	23	24:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1991	only	-	Aug	31	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Mar	28	24:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1992	only	-	Sep	 5	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1993	only	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
-
-# The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the
-# Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel.  The spokeswoman can be reached by
-# calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1994	only	-	Aug	28	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1995	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
-
-# The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the
-# time, Haim Ramon.  The official announcement regarding 1996-1998
-# (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at:
-#
-#   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz
-#
-# The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa.
-#
-# The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at:
-#
-#   ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz
-#
-#       where YYYY is the relevant year.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Mar	14	24:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1996	only	-	Sep	15	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1997	only	-	Sep	13	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Mar	20	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1998	only	-	Sep	 6	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	1999	only	-	Sep	 3	2:00	0	S
-
-# The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for
-# the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the
-# years 2001-2004 as well.
-#
-# The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at:
-#
-#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz
-#
-# The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates
-# for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at:
-#
-#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	2000	only	-	Oct	 6	1:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Apr	 9	1:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	2001	only	-	Sep	24	1:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Mar	29	1:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	2002	only	-	Oct	 7	1:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Mar	28	1:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	2003	only	-	Oct	 3	1:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Apr	 7	1:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	2004	only	-	Sep	22	1:00	0	S
-
-# The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on
-# 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the
-# last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April
-# 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday
-# night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur.
-#
-# Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at:
-#
-#	ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Zion	2005	2012	-	Apr	Fri<=1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2006	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2007	only	-	Sep	16	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2008	only	-	Oct	 5	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2009	only	-	Sep	27	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2010	only	-	Sep	12	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2011	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Zion	2012	only	-	Sep	23	2:00	0	S
-
-# From Ephraim Silverberg (2020-10-26):
-# The current time law (2013) from the State of Israel can be viewed
-# (in Hebrew) at:
-# ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/israel/announcements/2013+law.pdf
-# It translates to:
-# Every year, in the period from the Friday before the last Sunday in
-# the month of March at 02:00 a.m. until the last Sunday of the month
-# of October at 02:00 a.m., Israel Time will be advanced an additional
-# hour such that it will be UTC+3.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Zion	2013	max	-	Mar	Fri>=23	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Zion	2013	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Jerusalem	2:20:54 -	LMT	1880
-			2:20:40	-	JMT	1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time?
-			2:00	Zion	I%sT
-
-
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Japan
-
-# '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2020-01-19):
-# Starting in the 7th century, Japan generally followed an ancient Chinese
-# timekeeping system that divided night and day into six hours each,
-# with hour length depending on season.  In 1873 the government
-# started requiring the use of a Western style 24-hour clock.  See:
-# Yulia Frumer, "Making Time: Astronomical Time Measurement in Tokugawa Japan"
-# .  As the tzdb code and
-# data support only 24-hour clocks, its tables model timestamps before
-# 1873 using Western-style local mean time.
-
-# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09):
-# 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical
-# Observatory: 139° 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 35° 39' 16.0" N.
-# This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996'
-# edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan....
-# JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST).
-# The law is enacted on 1886-07-07.
-
-# From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16):
-# The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan,
-# which stands for the time on 135° E.
-# In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central
-# standard time".  And the same ordinance also established "western standard
-# time", which stands for the time on 120° E....  But "western standard
-# time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937).  In the ordinance No.
-# 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is
-# standard....
-#
-# I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate.
-# In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor.
-
-# From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12):
-# ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause
-# about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896.
-# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時)
-#
-# ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which
-# means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan
-# Central Time (UT+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937.
-# https://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06):
-# Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had
-# daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued
-# because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours."
-
-# From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times:
-# http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm
-# Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on
-# [1948-05-01]....  But lack of prior debate and the execution of
-# daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated
-# deep hatred of the concept....  The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to
-# dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San
-# Francisco Peace Treaty was signed.  (A government poll in 1951 showed 53%
-# of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who
-# wanted to keep it.)
-
-# From Takayuki Nikai (2018-01-19):
-# The source of information is Japanese law.
-# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00219480428029.htm
-# http://www.shugiin.go.jp/internet/itdb_housei.nsf/html/houritsu/00719500331039.htm
-# ... In summary, it is written as follows.  From 24:00 on the first Saturday
-# in May, until 0:00 on the day after the second Saturday in September.
-
-# From Phake Nick (2018-09-27):
-# [T]he webpage authored by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
-# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EF.html
-# ... mentioned that using Showa 23 (year 1948) as example, 13pm of September
-# 11 in summer time will equal to 0am of September 12 in standard time.
-# It cited a document issued by the Liaison Office which briefly existed
-# during the postwar period of Japan, where the detail on implementation
-# of the summer time is described in the document.
-# https://eco.mtk.nao.ac.jp/koyomi/wiki/BBFEB9EF2FB2C6BBFEB9EFB2C6BBFEB9EFA4CEBCC2BBDCA4CBA4C4A4A4A4C6.pdf
-# The text in the document do instruct a fall back to occur at
-# September 11, 13pm in summer time, while ordinary citizens can
-# change the clock before they sleep.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-09-27):
-# This instruction is equivalent to "Sat>=8 25:00", so use that.  zic treats
-# it like "Sun>=9 01:00", which is not quite the same but is the best we can
-# do in any POSIX or C platform.  The "25:00" assumes zic from 2007 or later,
-# which should be safe now.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Japan	1948	only	-	May	Sat>=1	24:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Japan	1948	1951	-	Sep	Sat>=8	25:00	0	S
-Rule	Japan	1949	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	24:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Japan	1950	1951	-	May	Sat>=1	24:00	1:00	D
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Tokyo	9:18:59	-	LMT	1887 Dec 31 15:00u
-			9:00	Japan	J%sT
-# Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo,
-# except that Truk (Chuuk), Ponape (Pohnpei), and Jaluit (Kosrae) did not
-# switch from +10 to +09 until 1941-04-01; see the 'australasia' file.
-
-# Jordan
-#
-# From 
-# Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
-# Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight,
-# in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time
-# all year round.
-#
-# From 
-# Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09):
-# Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back
-# by one hour.  This is the latest government decision and it's final!
-# The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in
-# government's departments from six to seven hours.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
-# Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
-# For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year
-# about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year.
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi:
-# http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm
-# "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27".
-#
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02):
-# This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic):
-# http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279
-#
-# Google's translation:
-#
-# > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely
-# > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday
-# > of the month of March of each year.
-#
-# So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06):
-# We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25):
-# Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not
-# switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST
-# until about the same time next year (at least).
-# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11):
-# Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to
-# UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight:
-# http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime
-# Official, in Arabic:
-# http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14
-# ... Our background/permalink about it
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html
-# ...
-# http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P
-# ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future
-# (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11):
-# As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Jordan	1973	only	-	Jun	6	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Jordan	1973	1975	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	1974	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Jordan	1976	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	1977	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Jordan	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Jordan	1985	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	1986	1988	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Jordan	1986	1990	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	1989	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Jordan	1990	only	-	Apr	27	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Apr	17	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Jordan	1991	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	1992	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Jordan	1992	1993	-	Oct	Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	1993	1998	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Jordan	1994	only	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	1995	1998	-	Sep	Fri>=15	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	1999	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Jordan	1999	2002	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	2000	2001	-	Mar	lastThu	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Jordan	2002	2012	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Jordan	2003	only	-	Oct	24	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	2004	only	-	Oct	15	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	2005	only	-	Sep	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	2006	2011	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	2013	only	-	Dec	20	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Jordan	2014	max	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Jordan	2014	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00s	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Amman	2:23:44 -	LMT	1931
-			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT
-
-
-# Kazakhstan
-
-# From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin No. 11
-#  (2005-03-21):
-# The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing
-# daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health
-# complications coupled with a decrease in productivity.
-#
-# From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28):
-# ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone
-# was "blended" with the Central zone.  Therefore, Kazakhstan now has
-# two time zones, and difference between them is one hour.  The zone
-# closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the
-# same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtöbe, Atyraū,
-# Mangghystaū, and West Kazakhstan.  The other zone encompasses
-# everything else....  I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones
-# de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively.
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
-# Review of the linked documents from http://adilet.zan.kz/
-# produced the following data for post-1991 Kazakhstan:
-#
-# 0. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the USSR
-# from 1991-02-04 No. 20
-# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102010545
-# removed the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of the USSR
-# starting with the last Sunday of March 1991.
-# It also allowed (but not mandated) Kazakh SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Tajik SSR,
-# Turkmen SSR and Uzbek SSR to not have "summer" time.
-#
-# The 1992-01-13 act also refers to the act of the Cabinet of Ministers
-# of the Kazakh SSR from 1991-03-20 No. 170 "About the act of the Cabinet
-# of Ministers of the USSR from 1991-02-04 No. 20" but I didn't found its
-# text.
-#
-# According to Izvestia newspaper No. 68 (23334) from 1991-03-20
-# -- page 6; available at http://libinfo.org/newsr/newsr2574.djvu via
-# http://libinfo.org/index.php?id=58564 -- on 1991-03-31 at 2:00 during
-# transition to "summer" time:
-# Republic of Georgia, Latvian SSR, Lithuanian SSR, SSR Moldova,
-# Estonian SSR; Komi ASSR; Kaliningrad oblast; Nenets autonomous okrug
-# were to move clocks 1 hour forward.
-# Kazakh SSR (excluding Uralsk oblast); Republic of Kyrgyzstan, Tajik
-# SSR; Andijan, Jizzakh, Namangan, Sirdarya, Tashkent, Fergana oblasts
-# of the Uzbek SSR were to move clocks 1 hour backwards.
-# Other territories were to not move clocks.
-# When the "summer" time would end on 1991-09-29, clocks were to be
-# moved 1 hour backwards on the territory of the USSR excluding
-# Kazakhstan, Kirghizia, Uzbekistan, Turkmenia, Tajikistan.
-#
-# Apparently there were last minute changes. Apparently Kazakh act No. 170
-# was one of such changes.
-#
-# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Декретное_время
-# claims that Sovetskaya Rossiya newspaper on 1991-03-29 published that
-# Nenets autonomous okrug, Komi and Kazakhstan (excluding Uralsk oblast)
-# were to not move clocks and Uralsk oblast was to move clocks
-# forward; on 1991-09-29 Kazakhstan was to move clocks backwards.
-# (Probably there were changes even after that publication. There is an
-# article claiming that Kaliningrad oblast decided on 1991-03-29 to not
-# move clocks.)
-#
-# This implies that on 1991-03-31 Asia/Oral remained on +04/+05 while
-# the rest of Kazakhstan switched from +06/+07 to +05/06 or from +05/06
-# to +04/+05. It's unclear how Qyzylorda oblast moved into the fifth
-# time belt. (By switching from +04/+05 to +05/+06 on 1991-09-29?) ...
-#
-# 1. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 1992-01-13 No. 28
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000028_
-# (text includes modification from the 1996 act)
-# introduced new rules for calculation of time, mirroring Russian
-# 1992-01-08 act.  It specified that time would be calculated
-# according to time belts plus extra hour ("decree time"), moved clocks
-# on the whole territory of Kazakhstan 1 hour forward on 1992-01-19 at
-# 2:00, specified DST rules.  It acknowledged that Kazakhstan was
-# located in the fourth and the fifth time belts and specified the
-# border between them to be located east of Qostanay and Aktyubinsk
-# oblasts (notably including Turgai and Qyzylorda oblasts into the fifth
-# time belt).
-#
-# This means switch on 1992-01-19 at 2:00 from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for
-# Asia/Aqtau, Asia/Aqtobe, Asia/Oral, Atyraū and Qostanay oblasts; from
-# +05/+06 to +06/+07 for Asia/Almaty and Asia/Qyzylorda (and Arkalyk)....
-#
-# 2. Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 1992-03-27 No. 284
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P920000284_
-# cancels extra hour ("decree time") for Uralsk and Qyzylorda oblasts
-# since the last Sunday of March 1992, while keeping them in the fourth
-# and the fifth time belts respectively.
-#
-# 3. Order of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 1994-09-23 No. 384
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/R940000384_
-# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") on the territory of Mangghystaū
-# oblast since the last Sunday of September 1994 (saying that time on
-# the territory would correspond to the third time belt as a
-# result)....
-#
-# 4. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 1996-05-08 No. 575
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P960000575_
-# amends the 1992-01-13 act to end summer time in October instead
-# of September, mirroring identical Russian change from 1996-04-23 act.
-#
-# 5. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 1999-03-26 No. 305
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P990000305_
-# cancels the extra hour ("decree time") for Atyraū oblast since the
-# last Sunday of March 1999 while retaining the oblast in the fourth
-# time belt.
-#
-# This means change from +05/+06 to +04/+05....
-#
-# 6. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 2000-11-23 No. 1749
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P000001749_/23.11.2000
-# replaces the previous five documents.
-#
-# The only changes I noticed are in definition of the border between the
-# fourth and the fifth time belts.  They account for changes in spelling
-# and administrative division (splitting of Turgai oblast in 1997
-# probably changed time in territories incorporated into Qostanay oblast
-# (including Arkalyk) from +06/+07 to +05/+06) and move Qyzylorda oblast
-# from being in the fifth time belt and not using decree time into the
-# fourth time belt (no change in practice).
-#
-# 7. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 2003-12-29 No. 1342
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P030001342_
-# modified the 2000-11-23 act.  No relevant changes, apparently.
-#
-# 8. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 2004-07-20 No. 775
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/archive/docs/P040000775_/20.07.2004
-# modified the 2000-11-23 act to move Qostanay and Qyzylorda oblasts into
-# the fifth time belt and add Aktobe oblast to the list of regions not
-# using extra hour ("decree time"), leaving Kazakhstan with only 2 time
-# zones (+04/+05 and +06/+07).  The changes were to be implemented
-# during DST transitions in 2004 and 2005 but the acts got radically
-# amended before implementation happened.
-#
-# 9. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 2004-09-15 No. 1059
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P040001059_
-# modified the 2000-11-23 act to remove exceptions from the "decree time"
-# (leaving Kazakhstan in +05/+06 and +06/+07 zones), amended the
-# 2004-07-20 act to implement changes for Atyraū, West Kazakhstan,
-# Qostanay, Qyzylorda and Mangghystaū oblasts by not moving clocks
-# during the 2004 transition to "winter" time.
-#
-# This means transition from +04/+05 to +05/+06 for Atyraū oblast (no
-# zone currently), Asia/Oral, Asia/Aqtau and transition from +05/+06 to
-# +06/+07 for Qostanay oblast (Qostanay and Arkalyk, no zones currently)
-# and Asia/Qyzylorda on 2004-10-31 at 3:00....
-#
-# 10. Act of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan
-# from 2005-03-15 No. 231
-# http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P050000231_
-# removes DST provisions from the 2000-11-23 act, removes most of the
-# (already implemented) provisions from the 2004-07-20 and 2004-09-15
-# acts, comes into effect 10 days after official publication.
-# The only practical effect seems to be the abolition of the summer
-# time.
-#
-# Unamended version of the act of the Government of the Russian Federation
-# No. 23 from 1992-01-08 [See 'europe' file for details].
-# Kazakh 1992-01-13 act appears to provide the same rules and 1992-03-27
-# act was to be enacted on the last Sunday of March 1992.
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-08):
-# Turgai reorganization should affect only southern part of Qostanay
-# oblast.  Which should probably be separated into Asia/Arkalyk zone.
-# (There were also 1970, 1988 and 1990 Turgai oblast reorganizations
-# according to wikipedia.)
-#
-# [For Qostanay] http://www.ng.kz/gazeta/195/hranit/
-# suggests that clocks were to be moved 40 minutes backwards on
-# 1920-01-01 to the fourth time belt.  But I do not understand
-# how that could happen....
-#
-# [For Atyrau and Oral] 1919 decree
-# (http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-1919-02-08.html
-# and in Byalokoz) lists Ural river (plus 10 versts on its left bank) in
-# the third time belt (before 1930 this means +03).
-
-# From Alexander Konzurovski (2018-12-20):
-# Qyzyolrda Region (Asia/Qyzylorda) is changing its time zone from
-# UTC+6 to UTC+5 effective December 21st, 2018. The legal document is
-# located here: http://adilet.zan.kz/rus/docs/P1800000817 (russian language).
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-#
-# Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan
-# This includes KZ-AKM, KZ-ALA, KZ-ALM, KZ-AST, KZ-BAY, KZ-VOS, KZ-ZHA,
-# KZ-KAR, KZ-SEV, KZ-PAV, and KZ-YUZ.
-Zone	Asia/Almaty	5:07:48 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Alma-Ata
-			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			6:00	-	+06
-# Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) (KZ-KZY)
-Zone	Asia/Qyzylorda	4:21:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			6:00	-	+06	2018 Dec 21  0:00
-			5:00	-	+05
-#
-# Qostanay (aka Kostanay, Kustanay) (KZ-KUS)
-# The 1991/2 rules are unclear partly because of the 1997 Turgai
-# reorganization.
-Zone	Asia/Qostanay	4:14:28 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			6:00	-	+06
-
-# Aqtöbe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) (KZ-AKT)
-Zone	Asia/Aqtobe	3:48:40	-	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	+05
-# Mangghystaū (KZ-MAN)
-# Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region,
-# so include timestamps before 1963.
-Zone	Asia/Aqtau	3:21:04	-	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1994 Sep 25  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	+05
-# Atyraū (KZ-ATY) is like Mangghystaū except it switched from
-# +04/+05 to +05/+06 in spring 1999, not fall 1994.
-Zone	Asia/Atyrau	3:27:44	-	LMT	1924 May  2
-			3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1999 Mar 28  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	+05
-# West Kazakhstan (KZ-ZAP)
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-Zone	Asia/Oral	3:25:24	-	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ural'sk
-			3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	2004 Oct 31  2:00s
-			5:00	-	+05
-
-# Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan)
-# Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15):
-# According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway
-# http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml
-# Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system.  I take the article
-# to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC.
-# From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21):
-# Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005.
-# From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Apr	Sun>=7	0:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	Kyrgyz	1992	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:30	1:00	-
-Rule	Kyrgyz	1997	2004	-	Oct	lastSun	2:30	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Bishkek	4:58:24 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Aug 31  2:00
-			5:00	Kyrgyz	+05/+06	2005 Aug 12
-			6:00	-	+06
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Korea (North and South)
-
-# From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10):
-# http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=200607100012
-# Korea ran a daylight saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it
-# during the 1950-53 Korean War.  The system was temporarily enforced
-# between 1987 and 1988 ...
-
-# From Sanghyuk Jung (2014-10-29):
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021830.html
-# According to the Korean Wikipedia
-# https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/한국_표준시
-# [oldid=12896437 2014-09-04 08:03 UTC]
-# DST in Republic of Korea was as follows....  And I checked old
-# newspapers in Korean, all articles correspond with data in Wikipedia.
-# For example, the article in 1948 (Korean Language) proved that DST
-# started at June 1 in that year.  For another example, the article in
-# 1988 said that DST started at 2:00 AM in that year.
-
-# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
-# 1. According to official announcement from Korean government, the DST end
-# date in South Korea should be
-# 1955-09-08 without specifying time
-# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027977557
-# 1956-09-29 without specifying time
-# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027978341
-# 1957-09-21 24 o'clock
-# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027979690#3
-# 1958-09-20 24 o'clock
-# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027981189
-# 1959-09-19 24 o'clock
-# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0027982974#2
-# 1960-09-17 24 o'clock
-# http://theme.archives.go.kr/next/common/viewEbook.do?singleData=N&archiveEventId=0028044104
-# ...
-# 2.... https://namu.wiki/w/대한민국%20표준시 ... [says]
-# when Korea was using GMT+8:30 as standard time, the international
-# aviation/marine/meteorological industry in the country refused to
-# follow and continued to use GMT+9:00 for interoperability.
-
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	ROK	1948	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1948	only	-	Sep	12	24:00	0	S
-Rule	ROK	1949	only	-	Apr	 3	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1949	1951	-	Sep	Sat>=7	24:00	0	S
-Rule	ROK	1950	only	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1951	only	-	May	 6	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1955	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1955	only	-	Sep	 8	24:00	0	S
-Rule	ROK	1956	only	-	May	20	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1956	only	-	Sep	29	24:00	0	S
-Rule	ROK	1957	1960	-	May	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1957	1960	-	Sep	Sat>=17	24:00	0	S
-Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=8	 2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 3:00	0	S
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
-# The Korean Wikipedia entry gives the following sources for UT offsets:
-#
-# 1908: Official Journal Article No. 3994 (decree No. 5)
-# 1912: Governor-General of Korea Official Gazette Issue No. 367
-#       (Announcement No. 338)
-# 1954: Presidential Decree No. 876 (1954-03-17)
-# 1961: Law No. 676 (1961-08-07)
-#
-# (Another source "1987: Law No. 3919 (1986-12-31)" was in the 2014-10-30
-# edition of the Korean Wikipedia entry.)
-#
-# I guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same
-# rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST
-# when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII.
-#
-# For Pyongyang, guess no changes from World War II until 2015, as we
-# have no information otherwise.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-08-07):
-# According to many news sources, North Korea is going to change to
-# the 8:30 time zone on August 15, one example:
-# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-33815049
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-15):
-# Bells rang out midnight (00:00) Friday as part of the celebrations.  See:
-# Talmadge E. North Korea celebrates new time zone, 'Pyongyang Time'
-# http://news.yahoo.com/north-korea-celebrates-time-zone-pyongyang-time-164038128.html
-# There is no common English-language abbreviation for this time zone.
-# Use KST, as that's what we already use for 1954-1961 in ROK.
-
-# From Kang Seonghoon (2018-04-29):
-# North Korea will revert its time zone from UTC+8:30 (PYT; Pyongyang
-# Time) back to UTC+9 (KST; Korea Standard Time).
-#
-# From Seo Sanghyeon (2018-04-30):
-# Rodong Sinmun 2018-04-30 announced Pyongyang Time transition plan.
-# https://www.nknews.org/kcna/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2018/04/rodong-2018-04-30.pdf
-# ... the transition date is 2018-05-05 ...  Citation should be Decree
-# No. 2232 of April 30, 2018, of the Presidium of the Supreme People's
-# Assembly, as published in Rodong Sinmun.
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-04-29):
-# It appears to be the front page story at the top in the right-most column.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-05-04):
-# The BBC reported that the transition was from 23:30 to 24:00 today.
-# https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44010705
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Seoul	8:27:52	-	LMT	1908 Apr  1
-			8:30	-	KST	1912 Jan  1
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  8
-			9:00	ROK	K%sT	1954 Mar 21
-			8:30	ROK	K%sT	1961 Aug 10
-			9:00	ROK	K%sT
-Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1908 Apr  1
-			8:30	-	KST	1912 Jan  1
-			9:00	-	JST	1945 Aug 24
-			9:00	-	KST	2015 Aug 15 00:00
-			8:30	-	KST	2018 May  4 23:30
-			9:00	-	KST
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Kuwait
-# See Asia/Riyadh.
-
-# Laos
-# See Asia/Bangkok.
-
-
-# Lebanon
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lebanon	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Apr	3	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lebanon	1921	only	-	Oct	3	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lebanon	1922	only	-	Oct	8	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lebanon	1923	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lebanon	1957	1961	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1972	only	-	Jun	22	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lebanon	1972	1977	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1973	1977	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lebanon	1978	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1984	1987	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lebanon	1984	1991	-	Oct	16	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1988	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lebanon	1989	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lebanon	1990	1992	-	May	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lebanon	1992	only	-	Oct	4	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1993	max	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lebanon	1993	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Lebanon	1999	max	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Beirut	2:22:00 -	LMT	1880
-			2:00	Lebanon	EE%sT
-
-# Malaysia
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Sep	14	0:00	0:20	-
-Rule	NBorneo	1935	1941	-	Dec	14	0:00	0	-
-#
-# peninsular Malaysia
-# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
-# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	6:46:46 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
-			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
-			7:00	-	+07	1933 Jan  1
-			7:00	0:20	+0720	1936 Jan  1
-			7:20	-	+0720	1941 Sep  1
-			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Feb 16
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 12
-			7:30	-	+0730	1982 Jan  1
-			8:00	-	+08
-# Sabah & Sarawak
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
-# The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945
-# and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Kuching	7:21:20	-	LMT	1926 Mar
-			7:30	-	+0730	1933
-			8:00 NBorneo  +08/+0820	1942 Feb 16
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 12
-			8:00	-	+08
-
-# Maldives
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Maldives	4:54:00 -	LMT	1880 # Malé
-			4:54:00	-	MMT	1960 # Malé Mean Time
-			5:00	-	+05
-
-# Mongolia
-
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but
-# The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World
-# (2005-03) both say that it has just one.
-
-# From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11):
-# General Information Mongolia
-#  (1999-09)
-# "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of
-# Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and
-# the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus
-# eight hours."
-
-# From Rives McDow (1999-12-13):
-# Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998
-# being the last year it was implemented.  The dates of implementation I am
-# unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time
-# of implementation may have been different....
-# Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time
-# zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod,
-# Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15):
-# Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia.
-# We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone;
-# the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us,
-# and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd
-# is good enough for our purposes.
-
-# From Rives McDow (2001-05-13):
-# In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier
-# (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28),
-# there are three time zones.
-#
-# Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai
-# Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv,
-#	Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi
-# Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar
-#
-# [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.]
-
-# From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17):
-# Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March.
-# It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of
-# September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17):
-# For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs
-# Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26):
-# We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones.
-# Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says
-# there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft
-# Windows XP as the source.  Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that
-# travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UT +07, +08) with no DST.
-# Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in
-# Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed.
-# He also found
-# http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
-# which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius"
-# (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones.
-# The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT
-# and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT.
-# The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the
-# parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session."
-# For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation.
-
-# From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26):
-# Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February.
-# They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time....
-# http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742
-
-# From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30):
-# We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for
-# Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT
-# +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz
-# database on this, e.g.:
-#
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026
-# http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx
-#
-# both say GMT+08:00.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31):
-# eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight
-# schedule here:
-# http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112
-# (click the English flag for English)
-#
-# There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive
-# about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the
-# direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern
-# direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are
-# in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and
-# Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed).
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
-# Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00.
-# XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition
-# was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report);
-# this is almost surely wrong.
-
-# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2015-03-10):
-# It seems like yesterday Mongolian Government meeting has concluded to use
-# daylight saving time in Mongolia....  Starting at 2:00AM of last Saturday of
-# March 2015, daylight saving time starts.  And 00:00AM of last Saturday of
-# September daylight saving time ends.  Source:
-# http://zasag.mn/news/view/8969
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Mongol	1983	1984	-	Apr	1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Mongol	1983	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	0	-
-# Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00,
-# but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00.  Also, IATA SSIM
-# (1996-09) says 1996-10-25.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998.
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches
-# in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place
-# at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of
-# the country.  That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their
-# correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly
-# in the latest edition; so ignore it for now.
-
-# From Ganbold Tsagaankhuu (2017-02-09):
-# Mongolian Government meeting has concluded today to cancel daylight
-# saving time adoption in Mongolia.  Source: http://zasag.mn/news/view/16192
-
-Rule	Mongol	1985	1998	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Mongol	1984	1998	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST.
-Rule	Mongol	2001	only	-	Apr	lastSat	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Mongol	2001	2006	-	Sep	lastSat	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Mongol	2002	2006	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Mongol	2015	2016	-	Mar	lastSat	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Mongol	2015	2016	-	Sep	lastSat	0:00	0	-
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-# Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta
-Zone	Asia/Hovd	6:06:36 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			6:00	-	+06	1978
-			7:00	Mongol	+07/+08
-# Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga
-Zone	Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			7:00	-	+07	1978
-			8:00	Mongol	+08/+09
-# Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan,
-# Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan
-Zone	Asia/Choibalsan	7:38:00 -	LMT	1905 Aug
-			7:00	-	+07	1978
-			8:00	-	+08	1983 Apr
-			9:00	Mongol	+09/+10	2008 Mar 31
-			8:00	Mongol	+08/+09
-
-# Nepal
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Kathmandu	5:41:16 -	LMT	1920
-			5:30	-	+0530	1986
-			5:45	-	+0545
-
-# Oman
-# See Asia/Dubai.
-
-# Pakistan
-
-# From Rives McDow (2002-03-13):
-# I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a
-# TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002
-# and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002.  This is what I was
-# told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the
-# 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15):
-# Jesper Nørgaard found this URL:
-# http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm
-# (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to
-# advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first
-# Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on
-# 15th October each year".  This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00,
-# but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like
-# it's not on a trial basis.  Also, the "between the first Saturday
-# and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the
-# transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09):
-# DAWN  reported on 2002-10-05
-# that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight.  Go with McDow for now.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14):
-# According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm
-# there will be no DST in Pakistan this year:
-#
-# ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh
-# Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous
-# decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by
-# one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy.
-#
-# The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather
-# shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity.
-
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15):
-#
-# Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time
-# on June 1, 2008 for 3 months.
-#
-# "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to
-# help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at
-# 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...."
-#
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html
-# http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19):
-# XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
-# Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced
-# for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31
-# instead of August 31.
-#
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html
-# http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08):
-# Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to
-# advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance
-# to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in
-# official working."
-# http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280
-#
-# recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to
-# introduce DST from April 15, 2009
-#
-# FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan
-# April 08, 2009
-# Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15
-# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html
-#
-# ....
-# The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to
-# advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to
-# conserve energy"
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17):
-# "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal
-# Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the
-# clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to
-# this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in
-# this regard."
-# http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28):
-# According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that
-# Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from
-# October 1, 2009.
-#
-# "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct"
-# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29):
-# Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date:
-# http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742
-# "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1.
-# Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on
-# Monday."
-#
-# And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year:
-# "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour
-# on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without
-# obtaining prior approval, the officials added."
-#
-# We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of
-# Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html
-
-# From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01):
-# [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan
-# will go back to standard time on 1st of November.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26):
-# Steffen Thorsen wrote:
-# > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in
-# > Pakistan on 2010-04-01.
-# >
-# > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the
-# > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time
-# > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but
-# > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15.
-# Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final:
-#
-# "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks"
-# http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041
-#
-# "People laud PM's announcement to end DST"
-# http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Apr	Sun>=2	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule Pakistan	2002	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
-Rule Pakistan	2008	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule Pakistan	2008	2009	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule Pakistan	2009	only	-	Apr	15	0:00	1:00	S
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Karachi	4:28:12 -	LMT	1907
-			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Sep
-			5:30	1:00	+0630	1945 Oct 15
-			5:30	-	+0530	1951 Sep 30
-			5:00	-	+05	1971 Mar 26
-			5:00 Pakistan	PK%sT	# Pakistan Time
-
-# Palestine
-
-# From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15):
-#
-# From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now
-# known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule.
-# Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too...
-#
-# The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05
-# (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no
-# time zone was affected then).  It was never formally annexed to Egypt,
-# though.
-#
-# The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally
-# annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from
-# the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the
-# Trans-Jordan").  So the rules for Jordan for that time apply.  Major
-# towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and
-# East Jerusalem.
-#
-# Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except
-# for East Jerusalem).  They were on Israel time since then; there might
-# have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware
-# of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer
-# time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected).
-#
-# The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most
-# towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995.  I know that in order to
-# demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to
-# summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't
-# know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the
-# Jordanian one).
-#
-# To summarize, the table should probably look something like that:
-#
-# Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996-
-# ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------
-# Israel      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion      | Zion
-# West bank   | Zion      | Jordan    | Zion      | Jordan
-# Gaza        | Zion      | Egypt     | Zion      | Jordan
-#
-# I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they
-# have one).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go
-# with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947,
-# and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996.
-# We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since
-# the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about
-# occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
-# However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries
-# for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules
-# to Palestine's rules.
-
-# From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time,
-# forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg:
-#
-# Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time
-# last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks
-# one-hour forward at this time.  As a sign of independence from Israeli rule,
-# the PA has decided to implement DST in April.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
-# Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc
-# http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html
-# (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that
-# the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15.
-# I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source).
-# For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00,
-# and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22):
-# Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23):
-# A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of
-# the Ramadan.  Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think
-# there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks
-# earlier - the same goes for Jordan.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
-# I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the
-# same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I
-# was informed that they started DST one day after Israel.  I was not
-# able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if
-# Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as
-# the West Bank.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26):
-# according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19):
-# http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5
-# > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule
-# > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday.  It is also time to turn
-# > back the clocks for winter.  Friday will begin an hour late this week.
-# I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well,
-# because of the Ramadan.
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18):
-# According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the
-# Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20):
-# My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when
-# the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit
-# surprised if they agreed about DST.  But for now, assume they agree.
-# For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be
-# the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28):
-# Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan.
-#
-# Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while
-# the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008).
-#
-# http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001
-# http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26):
-# According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian
-# government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March
-# 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009.
-#
-# (in Arabic)
-# http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850
-#
-# (English translation)
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31):
-# Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to
-# winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04.
-#
-# One news source:
-# http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158
-# (Palestinian press agency, Arabic),
-# Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah
-# headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of
-# 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty
-# minutes per hour as of Friday morning."
-#
-# We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different
-# end date, we will keep this page updated:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02):
-# Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank.
-#
-# According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan
-# to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009.
-#
-# "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza"
-# (from Palestinian National Authority):
-# http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19):
-# According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March
-# 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri
-# (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?)
-#
-# http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697
-# (in Arabic)
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24):
-# ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will
-# start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or
-# noon though:
-#
-# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178
-# (Ma'an News Agency)
-# "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to
-# 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning."
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11):
-# According to several sources, including
-# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795
-# the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in
-# Gaza and the West Bank.
-# Some more background info:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26):
-# Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of
-# August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30
-# 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of
-# Ramadan.
-#
-# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217
-# Additional info:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27):
-# According to the article in The Jerusalem Post:
-# "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to
-# move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the
-# Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back.
-# The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after
-# the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..."
-# ...
-# https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html
-# The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30):
-# West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30
-# 00:00).
-# So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again.
-#
-# Many sources, including:
-# http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
-# Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST
-# on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00).
-# Some of many sources in Arabic:
-# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638
-#
-# http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html
-#
-# Our brief summary:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26):
-# The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving
-# time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated).
-# [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.]
-# http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120
-# http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24):
-# The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight
-# (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...).
-# This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect
-# at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip":
-# http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246
-# official source...:
-# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-03-03):
-# Sources such as http://www.alquds.com/news/article/view/id/548257
-# and https://www.raya.ps/ar/news/890705.html say Palestine areas will
-# start DST on 2015-03-28 00:00 which is one day later than expected.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/change/west-bank/ramallah?year=2014
-# says that the fall 2014 transition was Oct 23 at 24:00.
-
-# From Hannah Kreitem (2016-03-09):
-# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/ar/ViewDetails?ID=31728
-# [Google translation]: "The Council also decided to start daylight
-# saving in Palestine as of one o'clock on Saturday morning,
-# 2016-03-26, to provide the clock 60 minutes ahead."
-
-# From Sharef Mustafa (2016-10-19):
-# [T]he Palestinian cabinet decision (Mar 8th 2016) published on
-# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/WebSite/Upload/Decree/GOV_17/16032016134830.pdf
-# states that summer time will end on Oct 29th at 01:00.
-
-# From Sharef Mustafa (2018-03-16):
-# Palestine summer time will start on Mar 24th 2018 ...
-# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e7a42ab7-ee23-435a-b9c8-a4f7e81f3817
-
-# From Even Scharning (2019-03-23):
-# http://pnn.ps/news/401130
-# http://palweather.ps/ar/node/50136.html
-#
-# From Sharif Mustafa (2019-03-26):
-# The Palestinian cabinet announced today that the switch to DST will
-# be on Fri Mar 29th 2019 by advancing the clock by 60 minutes.
-# http://palestinecabinet.gov.ps/Website/AR/NDecrees/ViewFile.ashx?ID=e54e9ea1-50ee-4137-84df-0d6c78da259b
-#
-# From Even Scharning (2019-04-10):
-# Our source in Palestine said it happened Friday 29 at 00:00 local time....
-
-# From Sharef Mustafa (2019-10-18):
-# Palestine summer time will end on midnight Oct 26th 2019 ...
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2020-10-20):
-# Some sources such as these say, and display on clocks, that DST ended at
-# midnight last year...
-# https://www.amad.ps/ar/post/320006
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-20):
-# The report of the Palestinian Cabinet meeting of 2019-10-14 confirms
-# a decision on (translated): "The start of the winter time in Palestine, by
-# delaying the clock by sixty minutes, starting from midnight on Friday /
-# Saturday corresponding to 26/10/2019."
-# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/43948
-
-# From Sharef Mustafa (2020-10-20):
-# As per the palestinian cabinet announcement yesterday , the day light saving
-# shall [end] on Oct 24th 2020 at 01:00AM by delaying the clock by 60 minutes.
-# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/Meeting/Details/51584
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-20):
-# Predict future fall transitions at 01:00 on the Saturday preceding October's
-# last Sunday (i.e., Sat>=24).  This is consistent with our predictions since
-# 2016, although the time of the change differed slightly in 2019.
-
-# From Pierre Cashon (2020-10-20):
-# The summer time this year started on March 28 at 00:00.
-# https://wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=GveQNZa872839351758aGveQNZ
-# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/50284
-# The winter time in 2015 started on October 23 at 01:00.
-# https://wafa.ps/ar_page.aspx?id=CgpCdYa670694628582aCgpCdY
-# http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/portal/meeting/details/27583
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-04-10):
-# For now, guess spring-ahead transitions are at 00:00 on the Saturday
-# preceding March's last Sunday (i.e., Sat>=24).
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule EgyptAsia	1957	only	-	May	10	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule EgyptAsia	1957	1958	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule EgyptAsia	1958	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1967	-	May	 1	1:00	1:00	S
-Rule EgyptAsia	1959	1965	-	Sep	30	3:00	0	-
-Rule EgyptAsia	1966	only	-	Oct	 1	3:00	0	-
-
-Rule Palestine	1999	2005	-	Apr	Fri>=15	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule Palestine	1999	2003	-	Oct	Fri>=15	0:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2004	only	-	Oct	 1	1:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2005	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2006	2007	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule Palestine	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2007	only	-	Sep	13	2:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2008	2009	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule Palestine	2008	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2009	only	-	Sep	 4	1:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2010	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule Palestine	2010	only	-	Aug	11	0:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Apr	 1	0:01	1:00	S
-Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Aug	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Aug	30	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule Palestine	2011	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2012	2014	-	Mar	lastThu	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule Palestine	2012	only	-	Sep	21	1:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2013	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2014	only	-	Oct	24	0:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2015	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule Palestine	2015	only	-	Oct	23	1:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2016	2018	-	Mar	Sat>=24	1:00	1:00	S
-Rule Palestine	2016	2018	-	Oct	Sat>=24	1:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2019	only	-	Mar	29	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule Palestine	2019	only	-	Oct	Sat>=24	0:00	0	-
-Rule Palestine	2020	max	-	Mar	Sat>=24	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule Palestine	2020	max	-	Oct	Sat>=24	1:00	0	-
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Gaza	2:17:52	-	LMT	1900 Oct
-			2:00	Zion	EET/EEST 1948 May 15
-			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
-			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
-			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
-			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2008 Aug 29  0:00
-			2:00	-	EET	2008 Sep
-			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2010
-			2:00	-	EET	2010 Mar 27  0:01
-			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT	2011 Aug  1
-			2:00	-	EET	2012
-			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
-
-Zone	Asia/Hebron	2:20:23	-	LMT	1900 Oct
-			2:00	Zion	EET/EEST 1948 May 15
-			2:00 EgyptAsia	EE%sT	1967 Jun  5
-			2:00	Zion	I%sT	1996
-			2:00	Jordan	EE%sT	1999
-			2:00 Palestine	EE%sT
-
-# Paracel Is
-# no information
-
-# Philippines
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
-# The Spanish initially used American (west-of-Greenwich) time.
-# It is unknown what time Manila kept when the British occupied it from
-# 1762-10-06 through 1764-04; for now assume it kept American time.
-# On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the
-# Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to
-# be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's
-# History of the International Date Line
-# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm
-# The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger.
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26):
-# ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990:
-# http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/
-# [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires,
-# but no details]
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14):
-# The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again
-# March-June, but this is not definite.  It also says DST was last proclaimed
-# during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details.
-# Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time.
-# Philippine Star 2014-08-05
-# http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time
-
-# From Paul Goyette (2018-06-15):
-# In the Philippines, there is a national law, Republic Act No. 10535
-# which declares the official time here as "Philippine Standard Time".
-# The act [1] even specifies use of PST as the abbreviation, although
-# the FAQ provided by PAGASA [2] uses the "acronym PhST to distinguish
-# it from the Pacific Standard Time (PST)."
-# [1] http://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2013/05/15/republic-act-no-10535/
-# [2] https://www1.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php/astronomy/philippine-standard-time#republic-act-10535
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19):
-# I surveyed recent news reports, and my impression is that "PST" is
-# more popular among reliable English-language news sources.  This is
-# not just a measure of Google hit counts: it's also the sizes and
-# influence of the sources.  There is no current abbreviation for DST,
-# so use "PDT", the usual American style.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Phil	1936	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Phil	1937	only	-	Feb	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Apr	12	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Phil	1954	only	-	Jul	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Mar	22	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Phil	1978	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Manila	-15:56:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
-			8:04:00 -	LMT	1899 May 11
-			8:00	Phil	P%sT	1942 May
-			9:00	-	JST	1944 Nov
-			8:00	Phil	P%sT
-
-# Qatar
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Qatar	3:26:08 -	LMT	1920     # Al Dawhah / Doha
-			4:00	-	+04	1972 Jun
-			3:00	-	+03
-Link Asia/Qatar Asia/Bahrain
-
-# Saudi Arabia
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-08-29):
-# Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not
-# standardized until 1968 or so; we don't know exactly when, and possibly it
-# has never been made official.  Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to
-# modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines
-# observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar
-# time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12
-# o'clock for "Arab" time).
-#
-# Timekeeping differed depending on who you were and which part of Saudi
-# Arabia you were in.  In 1969, Elias Antar wrote that although a common
-# practice had been to set one's watch to 12:00 (i.e., midnight) at sunset -
-# which meant that the time on one side of a mountain could differ greatly from
-# the time on the other side - many foreigners set their watches to 6pm
-# instead, while airlines instead used UTC +03 (except in Dhahran, where they
-# used UTC +04), Aramco used UTC +03 with DST, and the Trans-Arabian Pipe Line
-# Company used Aramco time in eastern Saudi Arabia and airline time in western.
-# (The American Military Aid Advisory Group used plain UTC.)  Antar writes,
-# "A man named Higgins, so the story goes, used to run a local power
-# station. One day, the whole thing became too much for Higgins and he
-# assembled his staff and laid down the law. 'I've had enough of this,' he
-# shrieked. 'It is now 12 o'clock Higgins Time, and from now on this station is
-# going to run on Higgins Time.' And so, until last year, it did."  See:
-# Antar E. Dinner at When? Saudi Aramco World, 1969 March/April. 2-3.
-# http://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/196902/dinner.at.when.htm
-# Also see: Antar EN. Arabian flying is confusing.
-# Port Angeles (WA) Evening News. 1965-03-10. page 3.
-#
-# The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best
-# we can do.  The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics
-# Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated
-# a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and
-# Jidda, on March 14, 1947".  Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the
-# earlier date.
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two
-# time zones; the other zone, at UT +04, was in the far eastern part of
-# the country.  Presumably this is documenting airline time.  Ignore this,
-# as it's before our 1970 cutoff.
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Riyadh	3:06:52 -	LMT	1947 Mar 14
-			3:00	-	+03
-Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Aden	# Yemen
-Link Asia/Riyadh Asia/Kuwait
-
-# Singapore
-# taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30)
-# http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Singapore	6:55:25 -	LMT	1901 Jan  1
-			6:55:25	-	SMT	1905 Jun  1 # Singapore M.T.
-			7:00	-	+07	1933 Jan  1
-			7:00	0:20	+0720	1936 Jan  1
-			7:20	-	+0720	1941 Sep  1
-			7:30	-	+0730	1942 Feb 16
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep 12
-			7:30	-	+0730	1982 Jan  1
-			8:00	-	+08
-
-# Spratly Is
-# no information
-
-# Sri Lanka
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
-# Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898.  Prior to this Colombo
-# mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used."  But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably
-# from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with
-# Shanks and Pottenger.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
-# "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout"
-# (, 1996-05-24,
-# no longer available as of 1999-08-17)
-# reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at
-# midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'."
-#
-# From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted
-# by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section
-#  (1996-10-26):
-# With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996
-# Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT.
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online
-#  (2006-04-13):
-# 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes)
-# at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006).
-
-# From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in:
-# http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML
-# [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply
-# kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean
-# Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India.
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18):
-# People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'],
-# as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970.
-
-# From Sadika Sumanapala (2016-10-19):
-# According to http://www.sltime.org (maintained by Measurement Units,
-# Standards & Services Department, Sri Lanka) abbreviation for Sri Lanka
-# standard time is SLST.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-18):
-# "SLST" seems to be reasonably recent and rarely-used outside time
-# zone nerd sources.  I searched Google News and found three uses of
-# it in the International Business Times of India in February and
-# March of this year when discussing cricket match times, but nothing
-# since then (though there has been a lot of cricket) and nothing in
-# other English-language news sources.  Our old abbreviation "LKT" is
-# even worse.  For now, let's use a numeric abbreviation; we can
-# switch to "SLST" if it catches on.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Colombo	5:19:24 -	LMT	1880
-			5:19:32	-	MMT	1906        # Moratuwa Mean Time
-			5:30	-	+0530	1942 Jan  5
-			5:30	0:30	+06	1942 Sep
-			5:30	1:00	+0630	1945 Oct 16  2:00
-			5:30	-	+0530	1996 May 25  0:00
-			6:30	-	+0630	1996 Oct 26  0:30
-			6:00	-	+06	2006 Apr 15  0:30
-			5:30	-	+0530
-
-# Syria
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	1920	1923	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Apr	29	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	1962	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1963	1965	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	1963	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1964	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1965	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1966	only	-	Apr	24	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	1966	1976	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1967	1978	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	1977	1978	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Apr	9	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	1983	1984	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Feb	16	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	1986	only	-	Oct	9	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1987	only	-	Mar	1	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	1987	1988	-	Oct	31	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1988	only	-	Mar	15	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	1989	only	-	Oct	1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Apr	1	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	1990	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1991	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	1991	1992	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1992	only	-	Apr	 8	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	1993	only	-	Sep	25	0:00	0	-
-# IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02;
-# (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02,
-# 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31;
-# (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22;
-# for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger,
-# except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan).
-Rule	Syria	1994	1996	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	1994	2005	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	1997	1998	-	Mar	lastMon	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	1999	2006	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-# From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18):
-# According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC]
-# this year [only]....  This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt.
-Rule	Syria	2006	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29):
-# Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday."
-# http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php
-Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
-# From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27):
-# The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will
-# not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or
-# rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than
-# having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the
-# weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now
-# it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend...
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27):
-# Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote:
-#
-# > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1
-# > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour."
-#
-# I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic):
-# http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247
-#
-# which using Google's translate tools says:
-# Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on
-# identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th
-# minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007.
-Rule	Syria	2007	only	-	Nov	 Fri>=1	0:00	0	-
-
-# From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17):
-# For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for
-# this month (March 2008) in the last day or so....
-# Country     Time Standard   --- DST Start ---   --- DST End ---  DST
-# Name        Zone Variation   Time    Date        Time    Date
-# Variation
-# Syrian Arab
-# Republic    SY    +0200      2200  03APR08       2100  30SEP08   +0300
-#                              2200  02APR09       2100  30SEP09   +0300
-#                              2200  01APR10       2100  30SEP10   +0300
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17):
-# Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News
-# Agency (SANA)...
-# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm
-# ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the
-# Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April
-# 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd."
-# Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times
-# shown above match up with midnight in Syria.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
-# My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1";
-# coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone
-# compilers can't handle  or having multiple Rules (a la Israel).
-# For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07):
-# Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year,
-# according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA).
-#
-# The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to
-# winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting
-# clocks back 60 minutes).
-#
-# http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19):
-# Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources,
-# two examples:
-#
-# http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm
-# (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency)
-# http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209
-# (Arabic, gov-site)
-#
-# We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year.
-#
-# Our summary
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27):
-# The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will
-# revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday
-# 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30:
-# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic)
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28):
-# We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last
-# Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or
-# something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17):
-# The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of
-# Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday
-# 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday):
-# http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic)
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26):
-# Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday
-# (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years.
-#
-# From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic:
-# http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm
-#
-# Our brief summary:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27):
-# Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX.
-
-Rule	Syria	2008	only	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	2008	only	-	Nov	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Syria	2009	only	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	2010	2011	-	Apr	Fri>=1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	2012	max	-	Mar	lastFri	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Syria	2009	max	-	Oct	lastFri	0:00	0	-
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Damascus	2:25:12 -	LMT	1920 # Dimashq
-			2:00	Syria	EE%sT
-
-# Tajikistan
-# From Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Dushanbe	4:35:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			6:00 RussiaAsia +06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			5:00	1:00	+05/+06	1991 Sep  9  2:00s
-			5:00	-	+05
-
-# Thailand
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Bangkok	6:42:04	-	LMT	1880
-			6:42:04	-	BMT	1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
-			7:00	-	+07
-Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh	# Cambodia
-Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane	# Laos
-
-# Turkmenistan
-# From Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Ashgabat	3:53:32 -	LMT	1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00
-			4:00 RussiaAsia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00
-			5:00	-	+05
-
-# United Arab Emirates
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Dubai	3:41:12 -	LMT	1920
-			4:00	-	+04
-Link Asia/Dubai Asia/Muscat	# Oman
-
-# Uzbekistan
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Asia/Samarkand	4:27:53 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			5:00	-	+05	1981 Apr  1
-			5:00	1:00	+06	1981 Oct  1
-			6:00	-	+06	1982 Apr  1
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
-			5:00	-	+05
-# Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
-Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			6:00 RussiaAsia	+06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00
-			5:00 RussiaAsia	+05/+06	1992
-			5:00	-	+05
-
-# Vietnam
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
-# Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
-# used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam.  But this is quite a ways
-# from Saigon's location.  For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
-# and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
-# The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
-# City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
-# Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
-# (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
-# is quoted verbatim in:
-# http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
-# is translated by Brian Inglis in:
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
-# and is the basis for the information below.
-#
-# The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
-# Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104° 17' 17" east of Paris.
-# It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
-# the Paris Meridian (2° 20' 14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
-# and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
-# which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
-# is closer to 07:06:31.  Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
-#
-# The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
-# and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
-# To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
-# To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
-# To 09:00 on 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
-# To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
-# To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
-# To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
-# To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
-# To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
-#
-# Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
-#
-# Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
-# No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
-#
-# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
-# NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
-#
-# Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
-# NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	7:06:40 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
-			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1 # Phù Liễn MT
-			7:00	-	+07	1942 Dec 31 23:00
-			8:00	-	+08	1945 Mar 14 23:00
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  2
-			7:00	-	+07	1947 Apr  1
-			8:00	-	+08	1955 Jul  1
-			7:00	-	+07	1959 Dec 31 23:00
-			8:00	-	+08	1975 Jun 13
-			7:00	-	+07
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-02-19):
-#
-# The Ho Chi Minh entry suffices for most purposes as it agrees with all of
-# Vietnam since 1975-06-13.  Presumably clocks often changed in south Vietnam
-# in the early 1970s as locations changed hands during the war; however the
-# details are unknown and would likely be too voluminous for this database.
-#
-# For timestamps in north Vietnam back to 1970 (the tzdb cutoff),
-# use Asia/Bangkok; see the VN entries in the file zone1970.tab.
-# For timestamps before 1970, see Asia/Hanoi in the file 'backzone'.
-
-
-# Yemen
-# See Asia/Riyadh.
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/australasia b/inst/tzdata/australasia
deleted file mode 100644
index cf8a0638..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/australasia
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,2188 +0,0 @@
-# tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific
-
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# This file also includes Pacific islands.
-
-# Notes are at the end of this file
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Australia
-
-# Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Aus	1917	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	Aus	1942	only	-	Sep	27	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Aus	1943	1944	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	Aus	1943	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	1:00	D
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-# Northern Territory
-Zone Australia/Darwin	 8:43:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			 9:00	-	ACST	1899 May
-			 9:30	Aus	AC%sT
-# Western Australia
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AW	1974	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AW	1975	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AW	1983	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AW	1984	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AW	1991	only	-	Nov	17	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AW	1992	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AW	2006	only	-	Dec	 3	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AW	2007	2009	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AW	2007	2008	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Zone Australia/Perth	 7:43:24 -	LMT	1895 Dec
-			 8:00	Aus	AW%sT	1943 Jul
-			 8:00	AW	AW%sT
-Zone Australia/Eucla	 8:35:28 -	LMT	1895 Dec
-			 8:45	Aus +0845/+0945	1943 Jul
-			 8:45	AW  +0845/+0945
-
-# Queensland
-#
-# From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01):
-# I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast
-# of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after
-# Queensland ceased to.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
-# IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman,
-# Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped.
-# Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria,
-# so use Lindeman.
-#
-# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
-# There is no location named Holiday Islands in Queensland Australia; holiday
-# islands is a colloquial term used globally.  Hayman and Lindeman are at the
-# north and south extremes of the Whitsunday Islands archipelago, and
-# Hamilton is in between; it is reasonable to believe that this time zone
-# applies to all of the Whitsundays.
-# http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia/australian-story/austn-islands
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AQ	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AQ	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	Holiday	1992	1993	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Holiday	1993	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Zone Australia/Brisbane	10:12:08 -	LMT	1895
-			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
-			10:00	AQ	AE%sT
-Zone Australia/Lindeman  9:55:56 -	LMT	1895
-			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
-			10:00	AQ	AE%sT	1992 Jul
-			10:00	Holiday	AE%sT
-
-# South Australia
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AS	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AS	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AS	1987	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AS	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AS	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AS	1991	only	-	Mar	3	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AS	1992	only	-	Mar	22	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AS	1993	only	-	Mar	7	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AS	1994	only	-	Mar	20	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AS	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AS	2006	only	-	Apr	2	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AS	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AS	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Australia/Adelaide	9:14:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			9:00	-	ACST	1899 May
-			9:30	Aus	AC%sT	1971
-			9:30	AS	AC%sT
-
-# Tasmania
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16):
-# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
-# says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971.
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AT	1916	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AT	1917	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AT	1917	1918	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AT	1918	1919	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AT	1967	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AT	1968	only	-	Mar	Sun>=29	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AT	1968	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AT	1969	1971	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AT	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AT	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AT	1982	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AT	1984	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AT	1986	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AT	1987	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AT	1987	only	-	Oct	Sun>=22	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AT	1988	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AT	1991	1999	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AT	1991	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AT	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AT	2001	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AT	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AT	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AT	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Australia/Hobart	9:49:16	-	LMT	1895 Sep
-			10:00	AT	AE%sT	1919 Oct 24
-			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1967
-			10:00	AT	AE%sT
-
-# Victoria
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AV	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AV	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AV	1973	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AV	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AV	1986	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AV	1988	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AV	1991	1994	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AV	1995	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AV	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AV	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AV	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AV	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AV	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
-			10:00	AV	AE%sT
-
-# New South Wales
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	AN	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AN	1972	only	-	Feb	27	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AN	1973	1981	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AN	1982	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AN	1983	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AN	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AN	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AN	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AN	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AN	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AN	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AN	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	AN	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AN	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	AN	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Australia/Sydney	10:04:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1971
-			10:00	AN	AE%sT
-Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			10:00	-	AEST	1896 Aug 23
-			9:00	-	ACST	1899 May
-			9:30	Aus	AC%sT	1971
-			9:30	AN	AC%sT	2000
-			9:30	AS	AC%sT
-
-# Lord Howe Island
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	LH	1981	1984	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	LH	1982	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	1985	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-
-Rule	LH	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	1986	only	-	Oct	19	2:00	0:30	-
-Rule	LH	1987	1999	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-
-Rule	LH	1990	1995	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	1996	2005	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	2000	only	-	Aug	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-
-Rule	LH	2001	2007	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0:30	-
-Rule	LH	2006	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	2007	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	0	-
-Rule	LH	2008	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0:30	-
-Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			10:00	-	AEST	1981 Mar
-			10:30	LH	+1030/+1130 1985 Jul
-			10:30	LH	+1030/+11
-
-# Australian miscellany
-#
-# Ashmore Is, Cartier
-# no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers
-# no times are set
-#
-# Coral Sea Is
-# no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists
-# no times are set
-#
-# Macquarie
-# Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948;
-# sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919.  See the
-# Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island
-# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828
-# http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831
-# Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010.
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10):
-# We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division:
-# - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not
-# switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do
-# on 4 April.
-#
-# From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23):
-# The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics
-# will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type;
-# this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by
-# pre-2013 versions of localtime.
-Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0	-	-00	1899 Nov
-			10:00	-	AEST	1916 Oct  1  2:00
-			10:00	1:00	AEDT	1917 Feb
-			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1919 Apr  1  0:00s
-			0	-	-00	1948 Mar 25
-			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1967
-			10:00	AT	AE%sT	2010
-			10:00	1:00	AEDT	2011
-			10:00	AT	AE%sT
-
-# Christmas
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Indian/Christmas	7:02:52 -	LMT	1895 Feb
-			7:00	-	+07
-
-# Cocos (Keeling) Is
-# These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978.
-# We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900
-			6:30	-	+0630
-
-
-# Fiji
-
-# Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10):
-# According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation,  Fiji plans to re-introduce DST
-# from November 29th 2009  to April 25th 2010.
-#
-# "Daylight savings to commence this month"
-# http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10):
-# The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved
-# amendments:
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03):
-# The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on
-# 2010-03-28 at 03:00.
-# The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March
-# 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?).
-#
-# Official source:
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166
-#
-# A bit more background info here:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24):
-# According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3
-# weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011...
-# Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands,
-# Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site:
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03):
-# Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date
-# assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong).
-#
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
-# which says
-# Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in
-# advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to
-# 2am on February 26 next year.
-
-# From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24)
-# Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for
-# Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22.
-#
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155
-# states:
-#
-# The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012
-# has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012.
-# The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start
-# on the  23rd of October, 2011.
-
-# From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen:
-# The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate
-# today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st
-# October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013.
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155
-
-# From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler:
-# Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ...
-# move clocks forward by one hour from 2am
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10):
-# Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00:
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx
-
-# From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20):
-# DST will start Nov. 2 this year.
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx
-
-# From a government order dated 2015-08-26 and published as Legal Notice No. 77
-# in the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 24 (2015-08-28),
-# via Ken Rylander (2015-09-02):
-# the daylight saving period is 1 hour in advance of the standard time
-# commencing at 2.00 am on Sunday 1st November, 2015 and ending at
-# 3.00 am on Sunday 17th January, 2016.
-
-# From Raymond Kumar (2016-10-04):
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-6th-NOVEMBER,-2016.aspx
-# "Fiji's daylight savings will begin on Sunday, 6 November 2016, when
-# clocks go forward an hour at 2am to 3am....  Daylight Saving will
-# end at 3.00am on Sunday 15th January 2017."
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-21):
-# Dominic Fok writes (2017-08-20) that DST ends 2018-01-14, citing
-# Extraordinary Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 21 (2017-08-27),
-# [Legal Notice No. 41] of an order of the previous day by J Usamate.
-
-# From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13):
-# http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/
-# ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-06):
-# Today Raymond Kumar reported the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 27
-# (2019-08-02) said that Fiji observes DST "commencing at 2.00 am on
-# Sunday, 10 November 2019 and ending at 3.00 am on Sunday, 12 January 2020."
-# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the second Sunday in November to 03:00
-# the first Sunday on or after January 12.  January transitions reportedly
-# depend on when school terms start.  Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches
-# transitions planned this year and seems more likely to match future practice
-# than guessing no DST.
-# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06):
-# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/downloadfile/848
-
-# From Raymond Kumar (2020-10-08):
-# [DST in Fiji] is from December 20th 2020, till 17th January 2021.
-# From Alan Mintz (2020-10-08):
-# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/GetFile/1071
-# From Tim Parenti (2020-10-08):
-# https://www.fijivillage.com/news/Daylight-saving-from-Dec-20th-this-year-to-Jan-17th-2021-8rf4x5/
-# "Minister for Employment, Parveen Bala says they had never thought of
-# stopping daylight saving. He says it was just to decide on when it should
-# start and end.  Bala says it is a short period..."
-# Since the end date is still in line with our ongoing predictions, assume for
-# now that the later-than-usual start date is a one-time departure from the
-# recent second Sunday in November pattern.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Fiji	1998	1999	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Fiji	1999	2000	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Fiji	2009	only	-	Nov	29	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Fiji	2010	only	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Fiji	2010	2013	-	Oct	Sun>=21	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Fiji	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Fiji	2012	2013	-	Jan	Sun>=18	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Fiji	2014	only	-	Jan	Sun>=18	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Fiji	2014	2018	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Fiji	2015	max	-	Jan	Sun>=12	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Fiji	2019	only	-	Nov	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Fiji	2020	only	-	Dec	20	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Fiji	2021	max	-	Nov	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:55:44 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26 # Suva
-			12:00	Fiji	+12/+13
-
-# French Polynesia
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Gambier	 -8:59:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Rikitea
-			 -9:00	-	-09
-Zone	Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 -	LMT	1912 Oct
-			 -9:30	-	-0930
-Zone	Pacific/Tahiti	 -9:58:16 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Papeete
-			-10:00	-	-10
-# Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
-# it is uninhabited.
-
-# Guam
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf
-# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf
-Rule	Guam	1959	only	-	Jun	27	2:00	1:00	D
-# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf
-Rule	Guam	1961	only	-	Jan	29	2:00	0	S
-# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
-Rule	Guam	1967	only	-	Sep	 1	2:00	1:00	D
-# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
-Rule	Guam	1969	only	-	Jan	26	0:01	0	S
-# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
-Rule	Guam	1969	only	-	Jun	22	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Guam	1969	only	-	Aug	31	2:00	0	S
-# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
-# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
-# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
-Rule	Guam	1970	1971	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Guam	1970	1971	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
-# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf
-Rule	Guam	1973	only	-	Dec	16	2:00	1:00	D
-# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf
-Rule	Guam	1974	only	-	Feb	24	2:00	0	S
-# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
-Rule	Guam	1976	only	-	May	26	2:00	1:00	D
-# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf
-Rule	Guam	1976	only	-	Aug	22	2:01	0	S
-# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
-Rule	Guam	1977	only	-	Apr	24	2:00	1:00	D
-# http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf
-Rule	Guam	1977	only	-	Aug	28	2:00	0	S
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Guam	-14:21:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
-			 9:39:00 -	LMT	1901        # Agana
-			10:00	-	GST	1941 Dec 10 # Guam
-			 9:00	-	+09	1944 Jul 31
-			10:00	Guam	G%sT	2000 Dec 23
-			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time
-Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
-
-# Kiribati
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Tarawa	 11:32:04 -	LMT	1901 # Bairiki
-			 12:00	-	+12
-Zone Pacific/Enderbury	-11:24:20 -	LMT	1901
-			-12:00	-	-12	1979 Oct
-			-11:00	-	-11	1994 Dec 31
-			 13:00	-	+13
-Zone Pacific/Kiritimati	-10:29:20 -	LMT	1901
-			-10:40	-	-1040	1979 Oct
-			-10:00	-	-10	1994 Dec 31
-			 14:00	-	+14
-
-# N Mariana Is
-# See Pacific/Guam.
-
-# Marshall Is
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Majuro	 11:24:48 -	LMT	1901
-			 11:00	-	+11	1914 Oct
-			  9:00	-	+09	1919 Feb  1
-			 11:00	-	+11	1937
-			 10:00	-	+10	1941 Apr  1
-			  9:00	-	+09	1944 Jan 30
-			 11:00	-	+11	1969 Oct
-			 12:00	-	+12
-Zone Pacific/Kwajalein	 11:09:20 -	LMT	1901
-			 11:00	-	+11	1937
-			 10:00	-	+10	1941 Apr  1
-			  9:00	-	+09	1944 Feb  6
-			 11:00	-	+11	1969 Oct
-			-12:00	-	-12	1993 Aug 20 24:00
-			 12:00	-	+12
-
-# Micronesia
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Chuuk	-13:52:52 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
-			 10:07:08 -	LMT	1901
-			 10:00	-	+10	1914 Oct
-			  9:00	-	+09	1919 Feb  1
-			 10:00	-	+10	1941 Apr  1
-			  9:00	-	+09	1945 Aug
-			 10:00	-	+10
-Zone Pacific/Pohnpei	-13:27:08 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31	# Kolonia
-			 10:32:52 -	LMT	1901
-			 11:00	-	+11	1914 Oct
-			  9:00	-	+09	1919 Feb  1
-			 11:00	-	+11	1937
-			 10:00	-	+10	1941 Apr  1
-			  9:00	-	+09	1945 Aug
-			 11:00	-	+11
-Zone Pacific/Kosrae	-13:08:04 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
-			 10:51:56 -	LMT	1901
-			 11:00	-	+11	1914 Oct
-			  9:00	-	+09	1919 Feb  1
-			 11:00	-	+11	1937
-			 10:00	-	+10	1941 Apr  1
-			  9:00	-	+09	1945 Aug
-			 11:00	-	+11	1969 Oct
-			 12:00	-	+12	1999
-			 11:00	-	+11
-
-# Nauru
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Nauru	11:07:40 -	LMT	1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
-			11:30	-	+1130	1942 Aug 29
-			 9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  8
-			11:30	-	+1130	1979 Feb 10  2:00
-			12:00	-	+12
-
-# New Caledonia
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	NC	1977	1978	-	Dec	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	NC	1978	1979	-	Feb	27	0:00	0	-
-Rule	NC	1996	only	-	Dec	 1	2:00s	1:00	-
-# Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
-Rule	NC	1997	only	-	Mar	 2	2:00s	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Noumea	11:05:48 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
-			11:00	NC	+11/+12
-
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# New Zealand
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	NZ	1927	only	-	Nov	 6	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	NZ	1928	only	-	Mar	 4	2:00	0	M
-Rule	NZ	1928	1933	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00	0:30	S
-Rule	NZ	1929	1933	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00	0	M
-Rule	NZ	1934	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	0	M
-Rule	NZ	1934	1940	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0:30	S
-Rule	NZ	1946	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	0	S
-# Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but until 2018a
-# there was no documented single notation for the date and time of this
-# transition.  Duplicate the Rule lines for now, to give the 2018a change
-# time to percolate out.
-Rule	NZ	1974	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Chatham	1974	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:45s	1:00	-
-Rule	NZ	1975	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	Chatham	1975	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:45s	0	-
-Rule	NZ	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Chatham	1975	1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:45s	1:00	-
-Rule	NZ	1976	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	Chatham	1976	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	2:45s	0	-
-Rule	NZ	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Chatham	1989	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:45s	1:00	-
-Rule	NZ	1990	2006	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Chatham	1990	2006	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:45s	1:00	-
-Rule	NZ	1990	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	Chatham	1990	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:45s	0	-
-Rule	NZ	2007	max	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Chatham	2007	max	-	Sep	lastSun	2:45s	1:00	-
-Rule	NZ	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	Chatham	2008	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:45s	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Auckland	11:39:04 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
-			11:30	NZ	NZ%sT	1946 Jan  1
-			12:00	NZ	NZ%sT
-Zone Pacific/Chatham	12:13:48 -	LMT	1868 Nov  2
-			12:15	-	+1215	1946 Jan  1
-			12:45	Chatham	+1245/+1345
-
-Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo
-
-# Auckland Is
-# uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers,
-# and scientific personnel have wintered
-
-# Campbell I
-# minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914
-# scientific station operated 1941/1995;
-# previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered
-# was probably like Pacific/Auckland
-
-# Cook Is
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Cook	1978	only	-	Nov	12	0:00	0:30	-
-Rule	Cook	1979	1991	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Cook	1979	1990	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Rarotonga	-10:39:04 -	LMT	1901        # Avarua
-			-10:30	-	-1030	1978 Nov 12
-			-10:00	Cook	-10/-0930
-
-###############################################################################
-
-
-# Niue
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Niue	-11:19:40 -	LMT	1901        # Alofi
-			-11:20	-	-1120	1951
-			-11:30	-	-1130	1978 Oct  1
-			-11:00	-	-11
-
-# Norfolk
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901 # Kingston
-			11:12	-	+1112	1951
-			11:30	-	+1130	1974 Oct 27 02:00s
-			11:30	1:00	+1230	1975 Mar  2 02:00s
-			11:30	-	+1130	2015 Oct  4 02:00s
-			11:00	-	+11	2019 Jul
-			11:00	AN	+11/+12
-
-# Palau (Belau)
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Palau	-15:02:04 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31	# Koror
-			  8:57:56 -	LMT	1901
-			  9:00	-	+09
-
-# Papua New Guinea
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 -	LMT	1880
-			9:48:32	-	PMMT	1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
-			10:00	-	+10
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
-# Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
-# the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
-#
-# Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
-# are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
-# The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
-# The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
-# according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
-# https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
-# and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
-#
-# The Autonomous Region of Bougainville switched from UT +10 to +11
-# on 2014-12-28 at 02:00.  They call +11 "Bougainville Standard Time".
-# See:
-# http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/
-#
-Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 -	LMT	1880
-			 9:48:32 -	PMMT	1895
-			10:00	-	+10	1942 Jul
-			 9:00	-	+09	1945 Aug 21
-			10:00	-	+10	2014 Dec 28  2:00
-			11:00	-	+11
-
-# Pitcairn
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Pitcairn	-8:40:20 -	LMT	1901        # Adamstown
-			-8:30	-	-0830	1998 Apr 27  0:00
-			-8:00	-	-08
-
-# American Samoa
-Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago	 12:37:12 -	LMT	1892 Jul  5
-			-11:22:48 -	LMT	1911
-			-11:00	-	SST	            # S=Samoa
-Link Pacific/Pago_Pago Pacific/Midway # in US minor outlying islands
-
-# Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa)
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16):
-# We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received
-# the following info:
-#
-# "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year
-# commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first
-# Sunday of April 2011."
-#
-# Background info:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html
-#
-# Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not
-# contain any dates:
-# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf
-
-# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07):
-# Please see
-# http://www.mcil.gov.ws
-# the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday
-# September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight
-# to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks
-# backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am"
-
-# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07):
-# [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf]
-#
-# ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am
-# or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to
-# measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock
-# (3:00am or 0300Hrs).
-
-# From David Zülke (2011-05-09):
-# Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line
-#
-# http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27):
-# The International Date Line Act 2011
-# http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf
-# changed Samoa from UT -11 to +13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on
-# Thursday 29th December 2011".  The International Date Line was adjusted
-# accordingly.
-
-# From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02):
-# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
-#
-# here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change
-#
-# DST
-# Year  End      Time              Start        Time
-# 2011  - - -    - - -             24 September 3:00am to 4:00am
-# 2012  01 April 4:00am to 3:00am  - - -        - - -
-#
-# Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011
-# Thursday 29th December 2011	23:59:59 Hours
-# Saturday 31st December 2011	00:00:00 Hours
-#
-# From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10):
-# Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and
-# ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013....
-# http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
-# That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4.
-# Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	WS	2010	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1	-
-Rule	WS	2011	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	4:00	0	-
-Rule	WS	2011	only	-	Sep	lastSat	3:00	1	-
-Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	4:00	0	-
-Rule	WS	2012	max	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	1	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Apia	 12:33:04 -	LMT	1892 Jul  5
-			-11:26:56 -	LMT	1911
-			-11:30	-	-1130	1950
-			-11:00	WS	-11/-10	2011 Dec 29 24:00
-			 13:00	WS	+13/+14
-
-# Solomon Is
-# excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 -	LMT	1912 Oct # Honiara
-			11:00	-	+11
-
-# Tokelau
-#
-# From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29)
-# A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping
-# December 31 this year ...
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25)
-# ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking
-# about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13....
-# Shanks says UT-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change
-# actually was to UT-11 back then.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25)
-# A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of
-# Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948,
-# , page 65, says Tokelau
-# was "11 hours slow on G.M.T."  Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger
-# are off by an hour starting in 1901.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Fakaofo	-11:24:56 -	LMT	1901
-			-11:00	-	-11	2011 Dec 30
-			13:00	-	+13
-
-# Tonga
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Tonga	1999	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	Tonga	2000	only	-	Mar	19	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Tonga	2000	2001	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Tonga	2001	2002	-	Jan	lastSun	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Tonga	2016	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Tonga	2017	only	-	Jan	Sun>=15	3:00	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Tongatapu	12:19:20 -	LMT	1901
-			12:20	-	+1220	1941
-			13:00	-	+13	1999
-			13:00	Tonga	+13/+14
-
-# Tuvalu
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Funafuti	11:56:52 -	LMT	1901
-			12:00	-	+12
-
-
-# US minor outlying islands
-
-# Howland, Baker
-# Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British
-# 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known.
-# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944;
-# uninhabited thereafter.
-# Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT -10:30) in 1937;
-# see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long,
-# Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000).
-# So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935
-# until they were abandoned after the war.
-
-# Jarvis
-# Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?.
-# Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958;
-# uninhabited thereafter.
-# no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
-
-# Johnston
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
-# Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind.
-# Details are uncertain.  We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so
-# treat it like Hawaii for now.  Since Johnston is now uninhabited,
-# its link to Pacific/Honolulu is in the 'backward' file.
-#
-# In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945
-#  (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes,
-# "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM
-# Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time."  This was in June 1945, and
-# confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945.
-#
-# From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11):
-# [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used
-# was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships,
-# which had a GMT offset of -11 hours.  This apparently applied to at least the
-# time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last
-# Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin,
-# "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the
-# Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976.
-# https://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf
-# See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a
-# footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time
-# Minus One Hour".
-
-# Kingman
-# uninhabited
-
-# Midway
-# See Pacific/Pago_Pago.
-
-# Palmyra
-# uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati
-
-# Wake
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Wake	11:06:28 -	LMT	1901
-			12:00	-	+12
-
-
-# Vanuatu
-
-# From P Chan (2020-11-27):
-# Joint Daylight Saving Regulation No 59 of 1973
-# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. December 1973
-# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1973/11.pdf#page=15
-#
-# Joint Daylight Saving (Repeal) Regulation No 10 of 1974
-# New Hebrides Condominium Gazette No 336. March 1974
-# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUNHGovGaz//1974/3.pdf#page=11
-#
-# Summer Time Act No. 35 of 1982 [commenced 1983-09-01]
-# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1982/32.pdf#page=48
-#
-# Summer Time Act (Cap 157)
-# Laws of the Republic of Vanuatu Revised Edition 1988
-# http://www.paclii.org/cgi-bin/sinodisp/vu/legis/consol_act1988/sta147/sta147.html
-#
-# Summer Time (Amendment) Act No. 6 of 1991 [commenced 1991-11-11]
-# http://www.paclii.org/vu/legis/num_act/sta1991227/
-#
-# Summer Time (Repeal) Act No. 4 of 1993 [commenced 1993-05-03]
-# http://www.paclii.org/vu/other/VUGovGaz/1993/15.pdf#page=59
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Vanuatu	1973	only	-	Dec	22	12:00u	1:00	-
-Rule	Vanuatu	1974	only	-	Mar	30	12:00u	0	-
-Rule	Vanuatu	1983	1991	-	Sep	Sat>=22	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Vanuatu	1984	1991	-	Mar	Sat>=22	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Vanuatu	1992	1993	-	Jan	Sat>=22	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Vanuatu	1992	only	-	Oct	Sat>=22	24:00	1:00	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Efate	11:13:16 -	LMT	1912 Jan 13 # Vila
-			11:00	Vanuatu	+11/+12
-
-# Wallis and Futuna
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
-			12:00	-	+12
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# NOTES
-
-# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
-# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
-# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
-#
-# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
-# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
-# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
-#
-# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
-# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
-# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
-# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
-# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
-#
-# Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
-# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
-# I found in the UCLA library.
-#
-# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
-# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
-#
-# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
-#
-# I invented the abbreviation marked "*".
-# The following abbreviations are from other sources.
-# Corrections are welcome!
-#		std	dst
-#		LMT		Local Mean Time
-#	  8:00	AWST	AWDT	Western Australia
-#	  9:30	ACST	ACDT	Central Australia
-#	 10:00	AEST	AEDT	Eastern Australia
-#	 10:00	GST	GDT*	Guam through 2000
-#	 10:00	ChST		Chamorro
-#	 11:30	NZMT	NZST	New Zealand through 1945
-#	 12:00	NZST	NZDT	New Zealand 1946-present
-#	-11:00	SST		Samoa
-#	-10:00	HST		Hawaii
-#
-# See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
-# See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Australia
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
-# Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
-# region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
-# For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
-# Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
-# Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
-# very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
-# Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded
-# Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables
-# about fading curtains and crazed farm animals."
-# Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03)
-# http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm
-
-# From P Chan (2020-11-20):
-# Daylight Saving Act 1916 (No. 40 of 1916) [1916-12-21, commenced 1917-01-01]
-# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsa1916401916192/
-#
-# Daylight Saving Repeal Act 1917 (No. 35 of 1917) [1917-09-25]
-# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/dsra1917351917243/
-#
-# Statutory Rules 1941, No. 323 [1941-12-24]
-# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1941L00323
-#
-# Statutory Rules 1942, No. 392 [1942-09-10]
-# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1942L00392
-#
-# Statutory Rules 1943, No. 241 [1943-09-29]
-# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C1943L00241
-#
-# All transition times should be 02:00 standard time.
-
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08):
-# Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia
-# http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml
-# summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12):
-# Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales
-# http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving
-# covers New South Wales in particular.
-
-# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
-# We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time.
-# It is called 'summer' time.  Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer'
-# and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the
-# abbreviation does _not_ change...
-# The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least
-# in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the
-# initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses
-# the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight
-# time'.
-# Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian
-# Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time'
-# or 'Eastern Summer Time'.  (Note, though, that as I say in the
-# current australasia file, there is really no such thing.)  Announcers
-# on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases
-# prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times;
-# time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
-#
-# Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this
-# file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer
-# Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST".
-# However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common
-# practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints
-# about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage.
-# For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important;
-# what matters is the abbreviation.  It's difficult to survey the web
-# directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for
-# strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an
-# abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the
-# following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries:
-#
-#   10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits]
-#   10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au
-#   10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au
-#   13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au
-#   18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au
-#   28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au
-#   39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits]
-#   53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits]
-#   54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au
-#  182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au
-#
-#   17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits]
-#   46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au
-#
-# I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but
-# they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits.  I also looked for pages
-# mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since
-# there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found:
-#
-#  156 "western standard time" AWST site:au
-#  226 "western standard time" WST site:au
-#
-# I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as
-# listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au"
-# and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results.
-# All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT".  The papers
-# surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail,
-# The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser,
-# The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle).
-#
-# I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations
-# like "AEDT" are new.  A Trove search 
-# found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style
-# dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't
-# fully indexed.  The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations
-# like "AEDT".  The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather
-# column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column
-# (1993-01-24, p 16).  The style was the typical usage but was not
-# strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..."
-# (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and
-# WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel
-# about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two
-# territories has prompted one group to form its very own political
-# party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party."
-#
-# I also surveyed federal government sources.  They did not agree:
-#
-#   The Australian Government (2014-03-26)
-#   http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time
-#   (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.)
-#   AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
-#
-#   Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08)
-#   http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml
-#   EST CST WST EDT CDT
-#
-#   Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated)
-#   http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml
-#   EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST)
-#
-#   Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24)
-#   http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp
-#   AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT
-#
-#   Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10)
-#   https://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf
-#   EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used
-#
-#   The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports,
-#   and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like.
-#   Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits:
-#   311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT".
-#   "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to
-#   appear in reports of events with international implications.
-#
-# From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in
-# Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although
-# some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in
-# the minority.  The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it
-# seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all
-# the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments,
-# it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A".  The current
-# version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and
-# "AEDT" for Australian time zones.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19):
-# Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
-# Mark Prior writes that his newspaper
-# reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00,
-# but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970
-# and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time.
-# For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960.
-
-# From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05):
-#
-# Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable,
-# and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more
-# relevant entries in this database.
-#
-# NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill):
-# Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04)
-# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html
-# ACT
-# Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972
-# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html
-# SA
-# Standard Time Act, 1898
-# https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html
-
-# From David Grosz (2005-06-13):
-# It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by
-# one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
-# Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday
-# in April instead of the last Sunday in March.
-#
-# From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14):
-# I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan
-# to extend DST together in 2006.
-# ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt
-# New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html
-# South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html
-# Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772
-# Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles
-# allude to it.
-# But not Queensland
-# http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html
-
-# Northern Territory
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# # The NORTHERN TERRITORY..  [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ]
-# #					[ Nov 1990 ]
-# #	N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location.
-# ...
-# Zone        Australia/North         9:30    -       CST
-
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
-# the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving.
-
-# Western Australia
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# #  The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA..  [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ]
-# #						[ Nov 1990 ]
-# #	W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to
-# #	DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but
-# #	usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus
-# #	before reaching parliament.
-# ...
-# Zone	Australia/West		8:00	AW	%sST
-# ...
-# Rule	AW	1974	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AW	1975	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	W
-# Rule	AW	1983	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AW	1984	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	W
-
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
-# Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving.
-
-# From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02):
-# Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney
-# rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at
-# work at 9.00am.)
-# W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse
-# everybody again.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
-# The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess;
-# it matches what was used in the past.
-
-# The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ
-# http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm
-# (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses
-# South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-01):
-# The Guardian Express of Perth, Australia reported today that the
-# government decided to advance the clocks permanently on January 1,
-# 2019, from UT +08 to UT +09.  The article noted that an exemption
-# would be made for people aged 61 and over, who "can apply in writing
-# to have the extra hour of sunshine removed from their area."  See:
-# Daylight saving coming to WA in 2019. Guardian Express. 2018-04-01.
-# https://www.communitynews.com.au/guardian-express/news/exclusive-daylight-savings-coming-wa-summer-2018/
-
-# Queensland
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-26):
-# I lack access to the following source for Queensland DST:
-# Pearce C. History of daylight saving time in Queensland.
-# Queensland Hist J. 2017 Aug;23(6):389-403
-# https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=994682348436426;res=IELHSS
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# #   The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ]
-# #						[ Dec 1990 ]
-# ...
-# Zone	Australia/Queensland	10:00	AQ	%sST
-# ...
-# Rule	AQ	1971	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AQ	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	E
-# Rule	AQ	1989	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	AQ	1990	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	E
-
-# From Bradley White (1989-12-24):
-# "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from
-# October 1989).
-
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
-# ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
-# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
-
-# From John Mackin (1991-03-06):
-# I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact
-# end on Sunday, 3 March.  I don't know at what hour, though.  (It surprised
-# me.)
-
-# From Bradley White (1992-03-08):
-# ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted
-# in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ...
-# ...
-# Rule	QLD	1989	1991	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	QLD	1990	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	S
-# ...
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
-# The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes.
-
-# From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning
-# from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01):
-# WA are trialing DST for three years.
-# http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf
-
-# From Rives McDow (2002-04-09):
-# The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the
-# southern coast....  South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western
-# Australia does not.  The two states are one and a half hours apart.  The
-# residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so
-# much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the
-# international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South
-# Australia and Western Australia....
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09):
-# This is confirmed by the section entitled
-# "What's the deal with time zones???" in
-# http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html
-#
-# From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07):
-# ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway,
-# which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern
-# coast of the continent.
-#
-# I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no
-# dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border
-# village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west
-# as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is
-# the largest population centre in this zone....
-#
-# Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the
-# question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I
-# just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have,
-# meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45.
-#
-# (2006-12-09):
-# I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving
-# in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis
-# of this time zone.  My hunch is that it's been around since well
-# before 1975.  I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago.
-#
-# From Gilmore Davidson (2019-04-08):
-# https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-08/this-remote-stretch-of-desert-has-its-own-custom-time-zone/10981000
-# ... include[s] a rough description of the geographical boundaries...
-# "The time zone exists for about 340 kilometres and takes in the tiny
-# roadhouse communities of Cocklebiddy, Madura, Eucla and Border Village."
-# ... and an indication that the zone has definitely been in existence
-# since before the 1970 cut-off of the database ...
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-05-17):
-# That ABC Esperance story by Christien de Garis also says:
-#    Although the Central Western Time Zone is not officially recognised (your
-#    phones won't automatically change), there is a sign instructing you which
-#    way to wind your clocks 45 minutes and scrawled underneath one of them in
-#    Texta is the word: 'Why'?
-#    "Good question," Mr Pike said.
-#    "I don't even know that, and it's been going for over 50 years."
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15):
-# For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the
-# introduction of standard time in 1895.
-
-
-# southeast Australia
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
-# Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT
-# end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October.
-# http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html
-
-
-# South Australia
-
-# From Bradley White (1991-03-04):
-# A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper...
-# ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving
-# at 3am tomorrow (March 3)...
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# #   The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ]
-# #						[ Nov 1990 ]
-# ...
-# Zone	Australia/South		9:30	AS	%sST
-# ...
-# Rule	 AS	1971	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	 AS	1972	1985	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	C
-# Rule	 AS	1986	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=15	3:00	0	C
-# Rule	 AS	1991	max	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	C
-
-# From Bradley White (1992-03-11):
-# Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide
-# contained the following exchange:  "Due to the Adelaide Festival,
-# South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks."
-
-# From Robert Elz (1992-03-13):
-# I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that)
-# South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even
-# numbered year (from 1990).  That's when the Adelaide Festival
-# is on...
-
-# From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000):
-# DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday)....
-# But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever...
-# (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...).
-
-# From Bradley White (1994-04-11):
-# If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March,
-# 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can
-# only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated....
-
-# From John Warburton (1994-10-07):
-# The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ...
-# was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994....
-# start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
-# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
-
-# Tasmania
-
-# From P Chan (2020-11-20):
-# Tasmania observed DST in 1916-1919.
-#
-# Daylight Saving Act, 1916 (7 Geo V, No 2) [1916-09-22]
-# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsa19167gvn2267/
-#
-# Daylight Saving Amendment Act, 1917 (8 Geo V, No 5) [1917-10-01]
-# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsaa19178gvn5347/
-#
-# Daylight Saving Act Repeal Act, 1919 (10 Geo V, No 9) [1919-10-24]
-# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/tdsara191910gvn9339/
-#
-# King Island is mentioned in the 1967 Act but not the 1968 Act.
-# Therefore it possibly observed DST from 1968/69.
-#
-# Daylight Saving Act 1967 (No. 33 of 1967) [1967-09-22]
-# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196733o1967211/
-#
-# Daylight Saving Act 1968 (No. 42 of 1968) [1968-10-15]
-# http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/tas/num_act/dsa196842o1968211/
-
-# The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
-# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# #  The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
-# #					[ Nov 1990 ]
-
-# From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10):
-# Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have
-# 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia
-# (but nothing new about that).
-
-# From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04):
-# I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the
-# (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard,
-# has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria
-# (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000
-# instead of the first Sunday in October.
-
-# Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules:
-# http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
-# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
-
-# Victoria
-
-# The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd
-# via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# #   The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ]
-# #						[ Nov 1990 ]
-
-# From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29):
-# On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an
-# interesting story about daylight savings time.  Dr. John Heilbron was
-# discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar
-# Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located
-# in Melbourne, Australia.
-#
-# Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which
-# illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day
-# of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's
-# fallen WWI soldiers.  And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time,
-# you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the
-# expected time.
-#
-# However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had
-# to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of
-# the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?).  Perhaps
-# someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more.
-#
-# [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html
-# [2] http://www.shrine.org.au
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
-# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
-
-# New South Wales
-
-# From Arthur David Olson:
-# New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time.
-# Based on law library research by John Mackin,
-# who notes:
-#	In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the
-#	individual states.  Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time"
-#	[I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common
-#	use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the
-#	legislation.  This is very important to understand.
-#	I have researched New South Wales time only...
-
-# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26):
-# DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual
-# October in 2000.  See: Matthew Moore,
-# Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).
-# http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27):
-# See the following official NSW source:
-# Daylight Saving in New South Wales.
-# http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ
-#
-# Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of
-# daylight saving next year.  See:
-# Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving
-# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm
-# (1999-07-22).  For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens.
-#
-# Victoria will follow NSW.  See:
-# Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28)
-# http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm
-#
-# However, South Australia rejected the DST request.  See:
-# South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19)
-# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm
-#
-# Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics.  See:
-# Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics
-# http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm
-# (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying
-# "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time
-# I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very
-# well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of
-# bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night.
-# I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules."
-#
-# Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000.  See:
-# Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21)
-# http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm
-
-# IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian
-# Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken
-# Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics.
-
-# From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29:
-# The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW
-# towns to use Queensland time.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
-# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
-
-# Yancowinna
-
-# From John Mackin (1989-01-04):
-# 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna.
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# # YANCOWINNA..  [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ]
-# #					[ Dec 1990 ]
-# ...
-# # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the
-# # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings
-# # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government
-# # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have
-# # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not
-# # presently available.
-# Zone	Australia/Yancowinna	9:30	 AY	%sST
-# ...
-# Rule	 AY	1971	1985	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	 AY	1972	only	-	Feb	lastSun	3:00	0	C
-# [followed by other Rules]
-
-# Lord Howe Island
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# LHI...		[ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ]
-#					[ Dec 1990 ]
-# Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an
-# hour ahead of NSW time.
-
-# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27):
-# Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same
-# date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27).  For your information the
-# Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is
-# seeking the community's views on various options for summer time
-# arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour
-# instead of only 30 minutes.  [Dependent] on the wishes of residents
-# the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing
-# arrangements.  The starting date for summer time on the Island will
-# however always coincide with the rest of NSW.
-
-# From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25):
-# Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards
-# clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently
-# introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as
-# shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start
-# of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and
-# Lonergan thereafter.  For times we use Lonergan.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23):
-# See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28):
-# According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight
-# saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009
-# summer (southern hemisphere).
-#
-# From
-# http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf
-# The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling
-# for over the last year is now set to be ongoing.
-# Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each
-# year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year.
-# Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia
-# with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and
-# the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year...
-#
-# We have a wrap-up here:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html
-###############################################################################
-
-# New Zealand
-
-# From Mark Davies (1990-10-03):
-# the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period.
-# This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for
-# subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start).
-# source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office.
-
-# From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06):
-# # The Country of New Zealand   (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that!
-# #				   or is Australia the west island of N.Z.
-# #	[ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ]
-# #				[ Nov 1990 ]
-# ...
-# Rule	NZ      1974    1988	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	NZ	1989	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-# Rule	NZ      1975    1989	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	S
-# Rule	NZ	1990	max	-	Mar	lastSun	3:00	0	S
-# ...
-# Zone	NZ			12:00	NZ		NZ%sT	# New Zealand
-# Zone	NZ-CHAT			12:45	-		NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08):
-# The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989
-# rather than the October 1 value.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19);
-# Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ.
-# Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight
-# Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard
-# time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March.
-# As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history,
-# as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.html for the full references.
-# Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger.
-#
-# For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with
-# transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham
-# is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland.
-
-# From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30):
-# DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the
-# first Sunday in April.  The changes take effect this year, meaning
-# that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06.
-# http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14):
-# Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by
-# New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26).
-# https://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf
-# According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand
-# parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard
-# time in the Chatham Islands.  The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New
-# Zealand time.  I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow."
-# For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time
-# in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match
-# LMT back when New Zealand was at UT +11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did
-# not observe New Zealand's prewar DST.
-
-###############################################################################
-
-
-# Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands and Marcus Island (Minami-Tori-shima)
-
-# From Wakaba (2019-01-28) via Phake Nick:
-# National Diet Library of Japan has several reports by Japanese Government
-# officers that describe the time used in islands when they visited there.
-# According to them (and other sources such as newspapers), standard time UTC
-# + 10 (JST + 1) and DST UTC + 11 (JST + 2) was used until its return to Japan
-# at 1968-06-26 00:00 JST.  The exact periods of DST are still unknown.
-# I guessed Guam, Mariana, and Bonin and Marcus districts might have
-# synchronized their DST periods, but reports imply they had their own
-# decisions, i.e. there were three or more different time zones....
-#
-# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/小笠原諸島の標準時
-
-# From Phake Nick (2019-02-12):
-# Because their last time change to return to Japanese time when they returned
-# to Japanese rule was right before 1970, ... per the current tz database
-# rule, the information doesn't warrant creation of a new timezone for Bonin
-# Islands itself and is thus as an anecdotal note for interest purpose only.
-# ... [The abovementioned link] described some special timekeeping phenomenon
-# regarding Marcus island, another remote island currently owned by Japanese
-# in the same administrative unit as Bonin Islands.  Many reports claim that
-# the American coastal guard on the American quarter of the island use its own
-# coastal guard time, and most sources describe the time as UTC+11, being two
-# hours faster than JST used by some Japanese personnel on the island.  Some
-# sites describe it as same as Wake Island/Guam time although it would be
-# incorrect to be same as Guam.  And then in a few Japanese governmental
-# report from 1980s (from National Institute of Information and Communications
-# Technology) regarding the construction of VLBI facility on the Marcus
-# Island, it claimed that there are three time standards being used on the
-# island at the time which include not just JST (UTC+9) or [US]CG time
-# (UTC+11) but also a JMSDF time (UTC+10) (Japan Maritime Self-Defense
-# Force).  Unfortunately there are no other sources that mentioned such time
-# and there are also no information on things like how the time was used.
-
-
-# Fiji
-
-# Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji
-# enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time
-# instead of the American system (which was one day behind).
-
-# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
-# Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01
-# until 0300 local time 1999-02-28.  Each year the DST period will
-# be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08):
-# IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time.  Go with McDow.
-
-# From the BBC World Service in
-# http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC):
-# The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to
-# improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also
-# intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning
-# of the new millennium.
-
-# http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
-# reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
-
-
-# Kiribati
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
-# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
-# "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
-# as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
-
-# From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03):
-# December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition
-# would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995.
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04):
-# One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All:
-# The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007).
-
-# Kwajalein
-
-# From an AP article (1993-08-22):
-# "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good
-# excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one.  Residents were
-# going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight
-# -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from
-# one side of the international date line to the other."
-# "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22.
-# https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html
-
-# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
-#  ... pointed out that
-# currently tzdata say Pacific/Kwajalein switched from GMT+11 to GMT-12 in
-# 1969 October without explanation, however an 1993 article from NYT say it
-# synchorized its day with US mainland about 40 years ago and thus the switch
-# should occur at around 1950s instead.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
-# The NYT (actually, AP) article is vague and possibly wrong about this.
-# The article says the earlier switch was "40 years ago when the United States
-# Army established a missile test range here".  However, the Kwajalein Test
-# Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy.  It was
-# transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01.  See "Seize the High Ground"
-# .
-# Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined
-# to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence.
-
-
-# N Mariana Is, Guam
-
-# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
-# Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ...
-# however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that
-# period.  It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during
-# that period of time like the surrounding area.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
-# Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
-# Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
-# (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
-# For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
-# see Asia/Manila.
-#
-# Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start
-# and end of Japanese control of Agana.  We don't know whether the Northern
-# Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume
-# they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff.
-#
-# US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
-# under the name "Chamorro Standard Time".  There is no official abbreviation,
-# but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
-# wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
-
-# See also the commentary for Micronesia.
-
-
-# Marshall Is
-# See the commentary for Micronesia.
-
-
-# Micronesia (and nearby)
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
-# Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies
-# kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844.
-
-# Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
-# "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
-# (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
-# on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
-# The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
-# The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
-# http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
-# that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
-# We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
-
-# From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
-#
-# From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時
-# ...
-# For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of
-# Micronesia + Marshall Islands):
-#
-# A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands
-# who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like
-# of German New Guinea.  However there is a marking saying it have not been
-# implemented (yet).  No further information after that were found.
-#
-# Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were
-# instructed to use JST at the time.
-#
-# 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use
-# the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the
-# longitude of the atoll.
-# 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until
-# February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST.
-# However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and
-# probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that
-# is if they keep their own time back then)
-#
-# In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area
-# into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1,
-# +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same
-# year.  Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying
-# force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard
-# time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such.
-#  * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area
-#    (Southern Islands Western Standard Time)
-#  * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil
-#    administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time)
-#  * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil
-#    administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time).
-#  * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been
-#    formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal
-#    governance structure have been established, these district [become
-#    subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard
-#    time of the area.
-#  * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was
-#    occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the
-#    Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape
-#    subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape
-#    subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E
-#    starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the
-#    Marshall Islands.
-#
-# And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the
-# area into 2 timezones:
-#  * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and
-#    Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time)
-#  * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk),
-#    Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern
-#    Standard Time)
-#
-# Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year,
-# standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian
-# of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area.
-#
-# Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the
-# island.  The webpage I linked above contain no information during this
-# period of time....
-#
-# After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the
-# (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time
-# different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking
-# time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10.
-#
-# After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands
-# under American administration from year 1947.  The site listed some
-# American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those
-# area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable
-# information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable
-# information can be found.
-#
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
-#
-# For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that
-# plausibly exist but for which the details are not known.  The information
-# for Wake is too sketchy to act on.
-#
-# The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been
-# done, so omit it from the data for now.
-#
-# The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein.
-
-
-# Midway
-
-# From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
-# quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
-#  (2002-12-31):
-# For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
-# Saving Time.  This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
-# your time down there in New Zealand.  Starting September 2, 1956
-# we'll again go back to Standard Time.  This'll mean that we'll go to
-# air at 6am your time.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
-# We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
-# started DST on June 3.  Possibly DST was observed other years
-# in Midway, but we have no record of it.
-
-# Nauru
-
-# From Phake Nick (2018-10-31):
-# Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then
-# switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades.
-# However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then
-# showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時
-# And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced.
-# ...
-# The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change"
-# http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3
-# based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change"
-# http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru
-# Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19):
-# The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in
-# "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935),
-# page 3, which does not give the UT offset.  In response to a comment by
-# Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to
-# 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from:
-# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru
-
-# Norfolk
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
-# Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
-# https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
-# ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
-# http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28):
-# Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
-# the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
-# Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
-# other than in 1974/5.  See:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
-# However, disagree with timeanddate about the 1975-03-02 transition;
-# timeanddate has 02:00 but 02:00s corresponds to what the NSW law said
-# (thanks to Michael Deckers).
-
-# Norfolk started observing Australian DST in spring 2019.
-# From Kyle Czech (2019-08-13):
-# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2018L01702
-# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-14):
-# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019C00010
-
-# Palau
-# See commentary for Micronesia.
-
-# Pitcairn
-
-# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
-# A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
-# with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time.  The Proclamation is as follows.
-#
-#	The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
-#	Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
-#	as Pitcairn Standard Time.
-#
-# ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
-# references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
-# somehow in light of this proclamation.
-
-# From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
-# The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
-# ... at midnight.
-
-# From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
-# Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
-# Pacific Standard Time. They used to be ½ hour different from us here in
-# Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago.
-
-
-# (Western) Samoa and American Samoa
-
-# Howse writes (p 153) that after the 1879 standardization on Antipodean
-# time by the British governor of Fiji, the King of Samoa decided to change
-# "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system,
-# ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that
-# the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year."
-# This happened in 1892, according to the Evening News (Sydney) of 1892-07-20.
-# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl.htm
-
-# Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UT -11:30
-# in 1911, and to -11 in 1950. many earlier sources give -11
-# for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards
-# circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932.
-# Assume American Samoa switched to -11 in 1911, not 1950,
-# and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a
-# day in 2011.  Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New
-# Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations.
-
-
-# Tonga
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
-# Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting
-# to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time."
-# Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do.
-
-# Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle
-# How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins':
-# http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm
-#
-# Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST
-# 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT.  When New Zealand adjusted its
-# standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its
-# local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of
-# advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13°
-# (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time).
-#
-# Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince
-# Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time
-# begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change.
-#
-# But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer
-# islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40
-# minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40
-# minutes we have lost?"
-#
-# The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that
-# on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth
-# to say your prayers in the morning."
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell.
-
-# From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03):
-# Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium
-# Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front.
-# He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from
-# October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan
-# Government.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
-# * Tonga will introduce DST in November
-#
-# I was given this link by John Letts:
-# http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm
-#
-# I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November
-# yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead
-# of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead
-# (12 + 1 hour DST).
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20):
-# According to :
-# "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000
-# and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the
-# third Saturday of April.  Under the system approved by Privy Council on
-# Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and
-# set back an hour on the closing date."
-# Alas, no indication of the time of day.
-
-# From Rives McDow (1999-10-06):
-# Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am.
-# Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31):
-# Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com
-# that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19
-# instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article
-# is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the
-# text, and I have forgotten to report it here.
-# (Original URL was )
-
-# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
-# Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27.
-
-# From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow:
-# At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom
-# shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am.  At 2:00am on the last Sunday
-# of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one
-# hour to 1:00am.
-
-# From Pulu ʻAnau (2002-11-05):
-# The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed.  It wasn't.
-
-# From Pulu ʻAnau (2016-10-27):
-# http://mic.gov.to/news-today/press-releases/6375-daylight-saving-set-to-run-from-6-november-2016-to-15-january-2017
-# Cannot find anyone who knows the rules, has seen the duration or has seen
-# the cabinet decision, but it appears we are following Fiji's rule set.
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2016-10-26):
-# Assume Tonga will observe DST from the first Sunday in November at 02:00
-# through the third Sunday in January at 03:00, like Fiji, for now.
-
-# From David Wade (2017-10-18):
-# In August government was disolved by the King.  The current prime minister
-# continued in office in care taker mode.  It is easy to see that few
-# decisions will be made until elections 16th November.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
-# For now, guess that DST is discontinued.  That's what the IATA is guessing.
-
-
-# Wake
-
-# From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
-# US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
-#
-# Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ...  The time was all the
-# more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
-# International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays.  Furthermore, we
-# discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
-# making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
-# impossible.
-#
-# https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
-# We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
-
-# See also the commentary for Micronesia.
-
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# The International Date Line
-
-# From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
-#
-# The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
-# convention, or treaty.  Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
-# Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
-# the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
-#
-# When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
-# Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
-# to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
-# mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati.  Even that line
-# has a rather arbitrary nature.  The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
-# island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
-# convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
-# governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
-# places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC.  And, since the IDL is not
-# an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the
-# correct date is ambiguous.
-
-# From Wikipedia  (2005-08-31):
-# Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting
-# their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's
-# speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's
-# meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon).  During 1917, at the
-# Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all
-# ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones
-# on the high seas.  Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any
-# nation it would use that nation's standard time.  The captain was permitted
-# to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's
-# entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight.  These zones were
-# adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many
-# independent merchant ships until World War II.
-
-# From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen
-# (2005-03-20):
-#
-# The American Practical Navigator (2002)
-# http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187
-# talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in
-# international waters; it ignores the international date line.
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/backward b/inst/tzdata/backward
deleted file mode 100644
index 0c55be22..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/backward
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,133 +0,0 @@
-# tzdb links for backward compatibility
-
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# This file provides links between current names for timezones
-# and their old names.  Many names changed in late 1993.
-
-# Link	TARGET			LINK-NAME
-Link	Africa/Nairobi		Africa/Asmera
-Link	Africa/Abidjan		Africa/Timbuktu
-Link	America/Argentina/Catamarca	America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia
-Link	America/Adak		America/Atka
-Link	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	America/Buenos_Aires
-Link	America/Argentina/Catamarca	America/Catamarca
-Link	America/Atikokan	America/Coral_Harbour
-Link	America/Argentina/Cordoba	America/Cordoba
-Link	America/Tijuana		America/Ensenada
-Link	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	America/Fort_Wayne
-Link	America/Nuuk		America/Godthab
-Link	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	America/Indianapolis
-Link	America/Argentina/Jujuy	America/Jujuy
-Link	America/Indiana/Knox	America/Knox_IN
-Link	America/Kentucky/Louisville	America/Louisville
-Link	America/Argentina/Mendoza	America/Mendoza
-Link	America/Toronto		America/Montreal
-Link	America/Rio_Branco	America/Porto_Acre
-Link	America/Argentina/Cordoba	America/Rosario
-Link	America/Tijuana		America/Santa_Isabel
-Link	America/Denver		America/Shiprock
-Link	America/Port_of_Spain	America/Virgin
-Link	Pacific/Auckland	Antarctica/South_Pole
-Link	Asia/Ashgabat		Asia/Ashkhabad
-Link	Asia/Kolkata		Asia/Calcutta
-Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Chongqing
-Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Chungking
-Link	Asia/Dhaka		Asia/Dacca
-Link	Asia/Shanghai		Asia/Harbin
-Link	Asia/Urumqi		Asia/Kashgar
-Link	Asia/Kathmandu		Asia/Katmandu
-Link	Asia/Macau		Asia/Macao
-Link	Asia/Yangon		Asia/Rangoon
-Link	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	Asia/Saigon
-Link	Asia/Jerusalem		Asia/Tel_Aviv
-Link	Asia/Thimphu		Asia/Thimbu
-Link	Asia/Makassar		Asia/Ujung_Pandang
-Link	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Asia/Ulan_Bator
-Link	Atlantic/Faroe		Atlantic/Faeroe
-Link	Europe/Oslo		Atlantic/Jan_Mayen
-Link	Australia/Sydney	Australia/ACT
-Link	Australia/Sydney	Australia/Canberra
-Link	Australia/Hobart	Australia/Currie
-Link	Australia/Lord_Howe	Australia/LHI
-Link	Australia/Sydney	Australia/NSW
-Link	Australia/Darwin	Australia/North
-Link	Australia/Brisbane	Australia/Queensland
-Link	Australia/Adelaide	Australia/South
-Link	Australia/Hobart	Australia/Tasmania
-Link	Australia/Melbourne	Australia/Victoria
-Link	Australia/Perth		Australia/West
-Link	Australia/Broken_Hill	Australia/Yancowinna
-Link	America/Rio_Branco	Brazil/Acre
-Link	America/Noronha		Brazil/DeNoronha
-Link	America/Sao_Paulo	Brazil/East
-Link	America/Manaus		Brazil/West
-Link	America/Halifax		Canada/Atlantic
-Link	America/Winnipeg	Canada/Central
-# This line is commented out, as the name exceeded the 14-character limit
-# and was an unused misnomer.
-#Link	America/Regina		Canada/East-Saskatchewan
-Link	America/Toronto		Canada/Eastern
-Link	America/Edmonton	Canada/Mountain
-Link	America/St_Johns	Canada/Newfoundland
-Link	America/Vancouver	Canada/Pacific
-Link	America/Regina		Canada/Saskatchewan
-Link	America/Whitehorse	Canada/Yukon
-Link	America/Santiago	Chile/Continental
-Link	Pacific/Easter		Chile/EasterIsland
-Link	America/Havana		Cuba
-Link	Africa/Cairo		Egypt
-Link	Europe/Dublin		Eire
-Link	Etc/UTC			Etc/UCT
-Link	Europe/London		Europe/Belfast
-Link	Europe/Chisinau		Europe/Tiraspol
-Link	Europe/London		GB
-Link	Europe/London		GB-Eire
-Link	Etc/GMT			GMT+0
-Link	Etc/GMT			GMT-0
-Link	Etc/GMT			GMT0
-Link	Etc/GMT			Greenwich
-Link	Asia/Hong_Kong		Hongkong
-Link	Atlantic/Reykjavik	Iceland
-Link	Asia/Tehran		Iran
-Link	Asia/Jerusalem		Israel
-Link	America/Jamaica		Jamaica
-Link	Asia/Tokyo		Japan
-Link	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
-Link	Africa/Tripoli		Libya
-Link	America/Tijuana		Mexico/BajaNorte
-Link	America/Mazatlan	Mexico/BajaSur
-Link	America/Mexico_City	Mexico/General
-Link	Pacific/Auckland	NZ
-Link	Pacific/Chatham		NZ-CHAT
-Link	America/Denver		Navajo
-Link	Asia/Shanghai		PRC
-Link	Pacific/Honolulu	Pacific/Johnston
-Link	Pacific/Pohnpei		Pacific/Ponape
-Link	Pacific/Pago_Pago	Pacific/Samoa
-Link	Pacific/Chuuk		Pacific/Truk
-Link	Pacific/Chuuk		Pacific/Yap
-Link	Europe/Warsaw		Poland
-Link	Europe/Lisbon		Portugal
-Link	Asia/Taipei		ROC
-Link	Asia/Seoul		ROK
-Link	Asia/Singapore		Singapore
-Link	Europe/Istanbul		Turkey
-Link	Etc/UTC			UCT
-Link	America/Anchorage	US/Alaska
-Link	America/Adak		US/Aleutian
-Link	America/Phoenix		US/Arizona
-Link	America/Chicago		US/Central
-Link	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	US/East-Indiana
-Link	America/New_York	US/Eastern
-Link	Pacific/Honolulu	US/Hawaii
-Link	America/Indiana/Knox	US/Indiana-Starke
-Link	America/Detroit		US/Michigan
-Link	America/Denver		US/Mountain
-Link	America/Los_Angeles	US/Pacific
-Link	Pacific/Pago_Pago	US/Samoa
-Link	Etc/UTC			UTC
-Link	Etc/UTC			Universal
-Link	Europe/Moscow		W-SU
-Link	Etc/UTC			Zulu
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/backzone b/inst/tzdata/backzone
deleted file mode 100644
index 3ce72773..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/backzone
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,777 +0,0 @@
-# Zones that go back beyond the scope of the tz database
-
-# This file is in the public domain.
-
-# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know
-# better, go ahead and edit it (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
-# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
-
-# This file contains data outside the normal scope of the tz database,
-# in that its zones do not differ from normal tz zones after 1970.
-# Links in this file point to zones in this file, superseding links in
-# the file 'backward'.
-
-# Although zones in this file may be of some use for analyzing
-# pre-1970 timestamps, they are less reliable, cover only a tiny
-# sliver of the pre-1970 era, and cannot feasibly be improved to cover
-# most of the era.  Because the zones are out of normal scope for the
-# database, less effort is put into maintaining this file.  Many of
-# the zones were formerly in other source files, but were removed or
-# replaced by links as their data entries were questionable and/or they
-# differed from other zones only in pre-1970 timestamps.
-
-# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
-# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
-# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
-
-# This file is not intended to be compiled standalone, as it
-# assumes rules from other files.  In the tz distribution, use
-# 'make PACKRATDATA=backzone zones' to compile and install this file.
-
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2020-04-15):
-# The following remarks should be incorporated into this table sometime.
-# Patches in 'git format-patch' format would be welcome.
-#
-# From Phake Nick (2020-04-15):
-# ... the historical timezone data for those China zones seems to be
-# incorrect.  The transition to GMT+8 date given there for these zones
-# were 1980 which also contradict the file description that they do
-# not disagree with normal zone after 1970.  According to sources that
-# have also been cited in the asia file, except Xinjiang and Tibet,
-# they should have adopted the Beijing Time from around 1949/1950
-# depends on exactly when each of those cities were taken over by the
-# communist army.  And they should also follow the DST setting of
-# Asia/Shanghai after that point of time.  In addition,
-# http://gaz.ncl.edu.tw/detail.jsp?sysid=E1091792 the document from
-# Chongqing Nationalist government say in year 1945 all of China
-# should adopt summer time due to the war (not sure whether it
-# continued after WWII ends)(Probably only enforced in area under
-# their rule at the time?)  The Asia/Harbin's 1932 and 1940 entry
-# should also be incorrect.  As per sources recorded at
-# https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/%E6%BA%80%E5%B7%9E%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E6%A8%99%E6%BA%96%E6%99%82
-# , in 1932 Harbin should have adopted UTC+8:00 instead of data
-# currently listed in the tz database according to official
-# announcement from Manchuko.  And they should have adopted GMT+9 in
-# 1937 January 1st according to official announcement at the time
-# being cited on the webpage.
-
-
-# Zones are sorted by zone name.  Each zone is preceded by the
-# name of the country that the zone is in, along with any other
-# commentary and rules associated with the entry.
-#
-# As explained in the zic man page, the zone columns are:
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-
-# Ethiopia
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
-# Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
-# 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
-# 02:00 or 14:00.  Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
-# zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
-# 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05.  Perhaps 38E50
-# was for Adis Dera.  Quite likely the Shanks data entries are wrong
-# anyway.
-Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa	2:34:48 -	LMT	1870
-			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
-			3:00	-	EAT
-
-# Eritrea
-Zone	Africa/Asmara	2:35:32 -	LMT	1870
-			2:35:32	-	AMT	1890        # Asmara Mean Time
-			2:35:20	-	ADMT	1936 May  5 # Adis Dera MT
-			3:00	-	EAT
-Link Africa/Asmara Africa/Asmera
-
-# Mali (southern)
-Zone	Africa/Bamako	-0:32:00 -	LMT	1912
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			-1:00	-	-01	1960 Jun 20
-			 0:00	-	GMT
-
-# Central African Republic
-Zone	Africa/Bangui	1:14:20	-	LMT	1912
-			1:00	-	WAT
-
-# Gambia
-Zone	Africa/Banjul	-1:06:36 -	LMT	1912
-			-1:06:36 -	BMT	1935 # Banjul Mean Time
-			-1:00	-	-01	1964
-			 0:00	-	GMT
-
-# Malawi
-Zone	Africa/Blantyre	2:20:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
-			2:00	-	CAT
-
-# Republic of the Congo
-Zone Africa/Brazzaville	1:01:08 -	LMT	1912
-			1:00	-	WAT
-
-# Burundi
-Zone Africa/Bujumbura	1:57:28	-	LMT	1890
-			2:00	-	CAT
-
-# Guinea
-Zone	Africa/Conakry	-0:54:52 -	LMT	1912
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			-1:00	-	-01	1960
-			 0:00	-	GMT
-
-# Senegal
-Zone	Africa/Dakar	-1:09:44 -	LMT	1912
-			-1:00	-	-01	1941 Jun
-			 0:00	-	GMT
-
-# Tanzania
-Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -	LMT	1931
-			3:00	-	EAT	1948
-			2:45	-	+0245	1961
-			3:00	-	EAT
-
-# Djibouti
-Zone	Africa/Djibouti	2:52:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul
-			3:00	-	EAT
-
-# Cameroon
-# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Zone	Africa/Douala	0:38:48	-	LMT	1912
-			1:00	-	WAT
-# Sierra Leone
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
-# The following table is from Shanks & Pottenger, but it can't be right.
-# Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on.
-# The International Hydrographic Bulletin, 1932-33, p 63 says that
-# Sierra Leone would advance its clocks by 20 minutes on 1933-10-01.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Jun	 1	0:00	0:40	-0020
-Rule	SL	1935	1942	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-01
-Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	+01
-Rule	SL	1957	1962	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	GMT
-Zone	Africa/Freetown	-0:53:00 -	LMT	1882
-			-0:53:00 -	FMT	1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
-			-1:00	SL	%s	1957
-			 0:00	SL	GMT/+01
-
-# Botswana
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
-# Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
-# assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
-Zone	Africa/Gaborone	1:43:40 -	LMT	1885
-			1:30	-	SAST	1903 Mar
-			2:00	-	CAT	1943 Sep 19  2:00
-			2:00	1:00	CAST	1944 Mar 19  2:00
-			2:00	-	CAT
-
-# Zimbabwe
-Zone	Africa/Harare	2:04:12 -	LMT	1903 Mar
-			2:00	-	CAT
-
-# Uganda
-Zone	Africa/Kampala	2:09:40 -	LMT	1928 Jul
-			3:00	-	EAT	1930
-			2:30	-	+0230	1948
-			2:45	-	+0245	1957
-			3:00	-	EAT
-
-# Rwanda
-Zone	Africa/Kigali	2:00:16 -	LMT	1935 Jun
-			2:00	-	CAT
-
-# Democratic Republic of the Congo (west)
-Zone Africa/Kinshasa	1:01:12 -	LMT	1897 Nov  9
-			1:00	-	WAT
-
-# Gabon
-Zone Africa/Libreville	0:37:48 -	LMT	1912
-			1:00	-	WAT
-
-# Togo
-Zone	Africa/Lome	0:04:52 -	LMT	1893
-			0:00	-	GMT
-
-# Angola
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
-# Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
-# evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
-# (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect.
-#
-Zone	Africa/Luanda	0:52:56	-	LMT	1892
-			0:52:04	-	LMT	1911 Dec 31 23:00u # Luanda MT?
-			1:00	-	WAT
-
-# Democratic Republic of the Congo (east)
-Zone Africa/Lubumbashi	1:49:52 -	LMT	1897 Nov 9
-			2:00	-	CAT
-
-# Zambia
-Zone	Africa/Lusaka	1:53:08 -	LMT	1903 Mar
-			2:00	-	CAT
-
-# Equatorial Guinea
-#
-# Although Shanks says that Malabo switched from UT +00 to +01 on 1963-12-15,
-# a Google Books search says that London Calling, Issues 432-465 (1948), p 19,
-# says that Spanish Guinea was at +01 back then.  The Shanks data entries
-# are most likely wrong, but we have nothing better; use them here for now.
-#
-Zone	Africa/Malabo	0:35:08 -	LMT	1912
-			0:00	-	GMT	1963 Dec 15
-			1:00	-	WAT
-
-# Lesotho
-Zone	Africa/Maseru	1:50:00 -	LMT	1903 Mar
-			2:00	-	SAST	1943 Sep 19  2:00
-			2:00	1:00	SAST	1944 Mar 19  2:00
-			2:00	-	SAST
-
-# Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)
-Zone	Africa/Mbabane	2:04:24 -	LMT	1903 Mar
-			2:00	-	SAST
-
-# Somalia
-Zone Africa/Mogadishu	3:01:28 -	LMT	1893 Nov
-			3:00	-	EAT	1931
-			2:30	-	+0230	1957
-			3:00	-	EAT
-
-# Niger
-Zone	Africa/Niamey	 0:08:28 -	LMT	1912
-			-1:00	-	-01	1934 Feb 26
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1960
-			 1:00	-	WAT
-
-# Mauritania
-Zone Africa/Nouakchott	-1:03:48 -	LMT	1912
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			-1:00	-	-01	1960 Nov 28
-			 0:00	-	GMT
-
-# Burkina Faso
-Zone Africa/Ouagadougou	-0:06:04 -	LMT	1912
-			 0:00	-	GMT
-
-# Benin
-# Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Zone Africa/Porto-Novo	0:10:28	-	LMT	1912 Jan  1
-			0:00	-	GMT	1934 Feb 26
-			1:00	-	WAT
-
-# Mali (northern)
-Zone	Africa/Timbuktu	-0:12:04 -	LMT	1912
-			 0:00	-	GMT
-
-# Anguilla
-Zone America/Anguilla	-4:12:16 -	LMT	1912 Mar  2
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
-# Antigua and Barbuda
-Zone	America/Antigua	-4:07:12 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
-			-5:00	-	EST	1951
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
-# Chubut, Argentina
-# The name "Comodoro Rivadavia" exceeds the 14-byte POSIX limit.
-Zone America/Argentina/ComodRivadavia -4:30:00 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	-	-03
-
-# Aruba
-Zone	America/Aruba	-4:40:24 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12 # Oranjestad
-			-4:30	-	-0430	1965
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
-# Cayman Is
-Zone	America/Cayman	-5:25:32 -	LMT	1890     # Georgetown
-			-5:07:10 -	KMT	1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	EST
-
-# United States
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18):
-# America/Chillicothe would be tricky, as it was a city of two-timers:
-# "To prevent a constant mixup at Chillicothe, caused by the courthouse
-#  clock running on central time and the city running on 'daylight saving'
-#  time, a third hand was added to the dial of the courthouse clock."
-# -- Ohio news in brief. The Cedarville Herald. 1920-05-21;43(21):1 (col. 5)
-# https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/cedarville_herald/794
-
-# Canada
-Zone America/Coral_Harbour -5:32:40 -	LMT	1884
-			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1946
-			-5:00	-	EST
-
-# Dominica
-Zone America/Dominica	-4:05:36 -	LMT	1911 Jul  1  0:01 # Roseau
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
-# Baja California
-# See 'northamerica' for why this entry is here rather than there.
-Zone America/Ensenada	-7:46:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:13:32
-			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
-			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 16
-			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr
-			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	-	PST	1996
-			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT
-
-# Grenada
-Zone	America/Grenada	-4:07:00 -	LMT	1911 Jul # St George's
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
-# Guadeloupe
-Zone America/Guadeloupe	-4:06:08 -	LMT	1911 Jun  8 # Pointe-à-Pitre
-			-4:00	 -	AST
-
-# Canada
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-24):
-# Since 1970 most of Quebec has been like Toronto; see
-# America/Toronto.  However, earlier versions of the tz database
-# mistakenly relied on data from Shanks & Pottenger saying that Quebec
-# differed from Ontario after 1970, and the following rules and zone
-# were created for most of Quebec from the incorrect Shanks &
-# Pottenger data.  The post-1970 entries have been corrected, but the
-# pre-1970 entries are unchecked and probably have errors.
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Mar	25	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1917	only	-	Apr	24	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Mar	31	2:30	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1919	only	-	Oct	25	2:30	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1920	only	-	May	 2	2:30	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1920	1922	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:30	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1921	only	-	May	 1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1922	only	-	Apr	30	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1924	only	-	May	17	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1924	1926	-	Sep	lastSun	2:30	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1925	1926	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Apr	lastSat	24:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1927	1937	-	Sep	lastSat	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1938	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1946	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mont	1945	1948	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1949	1950	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1951	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Mont	1957	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Zone America/Montreal	-4:54:16 -	LMT	1884
-			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1918
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
-			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
-			-5:00	Mont	E%sT	1974
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
-
-# Montserrat
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# In 1995 volcanic eruptions forced evacuation of Plymouth, the capital.
-# world.gazetteer.com says Cork Hill is the most populous location now.
-Zone America/Montserrat	-4:08:52 -	LMT	1911 Jul  1  0:01 # Cork Hill
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
-# United States
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-18):
-# America/Palm_Springs would be tricky, as it kept two sets of clocks
-# in 1946/7.  See the following notes.
-#
-# From Steve Allen (2018-01-19):
-# The shadow of Mt. San Jacinto brings darkness very early in the winter
-# months.  In 1946 the chamber of commerce decided to put the clocks of Palm
-# Springs forward by an hour in the winter.
-# https://www.desertsun.com/story/life/2017/12/27/palm-springs-struggle-daylight-savings-time-and-idea-sun-time/984416001/
-# Desert Sun, Number 18, 1 November 1946
-# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461101
-# has proposal for meeting on front page and page 21.
-# Desert Sun, Number 19, 5 November 1946
-# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19461105
-# reports that Sun Time won at the meeting on front page and page 5.
-# Desert Sun, Number 37, 7 January 1947
-# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470107.2.12
-# front page reports request to abandon Sun Time and page 7 notes a "class war".
-# Desert Sun, Number 38, 10 January 1947
-# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=DS19470110
-# front page reports on end.
-
-# Argentina
-# This entry was intended for the following areas, but has been superseded by
-# more detailed zones.
-# Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN), Chaco (CC),
-# Formosa (FM), La Pampa (LP), Chubut (CH)
-Zone America/Rosario	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1894 Nov
-			-4:16:44 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Jul
-			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Oct  3  0:00
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3  0:00
-			-3:00	-	-03
-
-# St Kitts-Nevis
-Zone America/St_Kitts	-4:10:52 -	LMT	1912 Mar  2 # Basseterre
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
-# St Lucia
-Zone America/St_Lucia	-4:04:00 -	LMT	1890 # Castries
-			-4:04:00 -	CMT	1912 # Castries Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
-# Virgin Is
-Zone America/St_Thomas	-4:19:44 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Charlotte Amalie
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
-# St Vincent and the Grenadines
-Zone America/St_Vincent	-4:04:56 -	LMT	1890 # Kingstown
-			-4:04:56 -	KMT	1912 # Kingstown Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
-# British Virgin Is
-Zone America/Tortola	-4:18:28 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Road Town
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
-# McMurdo, Ross Island, since 1955-12
-Zone Antarctica/McMurdo	0	-	-00	1956
-			12:00	NZ	NZ%sT
-Link Antarctica/McMurdo Antarctica/South_Pole
-
-# Yemen
-# Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
-# and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
-Zone	Asia/Aden	2:59:54	-	LMT	1950
-			3:00	-	+03
-
-# Bahrain
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2020-07-23):
-# Most of this data comes from:
-# Stewart A. Why Gulf Standard Time is far from standard: the fascinating story
-# behind the time zone's invention. The National (Abu Dhabi). 2020-07-22.
-# https://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/why-gulf-standard-time-is-far-from-standard-the-fascinating-story-behind-the-time-zone-s-invention-1.1052589
-# Stewart writes that before 1941 some companies in Bahrain were at +0330 and
-# others at +0323.  Reginald George Alban, a British political agent based in
-# Manama, worked to standardize this, and from 1941-07-20 Bahrain was at
-# +0330.  However, BOAC asked that clocks be moved to gain more light at day's
-# end, so Bahrain switched to +04 on 1944-01-01.
-#
-# Re the 1941 transition, Stewart privately sent me this citation:
-# "File 16/53 Enquiries Re: Calculation of Local Time", British Library: India
-# Office Records and Private Papers, IOR/R/15/2/1564, in Qatar Digital Library
-# https://www.qdl.qa/archive/81055/vdc_100000000282.0x00012b
-# It says there was no real standard in Bahrain before 1941-07-20.
-# +0330 was used by steamers of the British India Co, by Petroleum Concessions
-# and by Cable & Wireless; +0323 was used by the Eastern Bank Ltd, BOAC, and
-# Bahrein Petroleum (Bapco), and California Arabian Standard Oil Co (Casoc)
-# adopted DST effective 1941-05-24.  Alban suggested adopting DST, R.B. Coomb
-# of C&W countersuggested +0330, and although C.A. Rodstrom of Casoc (formerly
-# of Bapco) stated that Bahrain had formerly used +0330 before Bapco arrived
-# but Bapco switched to +0323 because of "constant confusion", the consensus
-# was +0330.  The government adopted +0330 in 1941-07-20 and companies seem to
-# have switched by 08-01.  No time of day was given for the 1940s transitions.
-Zone	Asia/Bahrain	3:22:20 -	LMT	1941 Jul 20  # Manamah
-			3:30	-	+0330	1944 Jan  1
-			4:00	-	+04	1972 Jun
-			3:00	-	+03
-
-# India
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
-# The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 305 says that Madras
-# civil time was 5:20:57.3.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-21):
-# In tomorrow's The Hindu, Nitya Menon reports that India had two civil time
-# zones starting in 1884, one in Bombay and one in Calcutta, and that railways
-# used a third time zone based on Madras time (80° 18' 30" E).  Also,
-# in 1881 Bombay briefly switched to Madras time, but switched back.  See:
-# http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/chennai/madras-375-when-madras-clocked-the-time/article6339393.ece
-#Zone	  Asia/Chennai  [not enough info to complete]
-
-# China
-# Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area)
-# Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan;
-# most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong
-# counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing,
-# Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu.
-Zone	Asia/Chongqing	7:06:20	-	LMT	1928     # or Chungking
-			7:00	-	+07	1980 May
-			8:00	PRC	C%sT
-Link Asia/Chongqing Asia/Chungking
-
-# Vietnam
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
-# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for this data.
-# Trần's book says the 1954-55 transition to 07:00 in Hanoi was in
-# October 1954, with exact date and time unspecified.
-Zone	Asia/Hanoi	7:03:24 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
-			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
-			7:00	-	+07	1942 Dec 31 23:00
-			8:00	-	+08	1945 Mar 14 23:00
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  2
-			7:00	-	+07	1947 Apr  1
-			8:00	-	+08	1954 Oct
-			7:00	-	+07
-
-# China
-# Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area)
-# Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin
-Zone	Asia/Harbin	8:26:44	-	LMT	1928     # or Haerbin
-			8:30	-	+0830	1932 Mar
-			8:00	-	CST	1940
-			9:00	-	+09	1966 May
-			8:30	-	+0830	1980 May
-			8:00	PRC	C%sT
-
-# far west China
-Zone	Asia/Kashgar	5:03:56	-	LMT	1928     # or Kashi or Kaxgar
-			5:30	-	+0530	1940
-			5:00	-	+05	1980 May
-			8:00	PRC	C%sT
-
-# Kuwait
-Zone	Asia/Kuwait	3:11:56 -	LMT	1950
-			3:00	-	+03
-
-
-# Oman
-# Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory.
-Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
-			4:00	-	+04
-
-# India
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
-# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
-# https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
-# Portuguese India switched to UT +05 on 1912-01-01.
-#Zone	Asia/Panaji	[not enough info to complete]
-
-# Cambodia
-
-# From an adoptive daughter of the late Cambodian ruler Prince Sihanouk,
-# via Alois Treindl (2019-08-08):
-#
-# King Sihanouk said that, during the Japanese occupation, starting with
-# what historians refer to as "le coup de force du 9 mars 1945", Cambodia,
-# like the entire French Indochina, used Tokyo time zone. After Japan
-# surrendered, 2 September 1945, Cambodia fell under French rule again and
-# adopted Hanoi time zone again.
-#
-# However, on 7 January 1946, Sihanouk and Tioulong managed to obtain a
-# status of "internal autonomy" from the government of Charles de Gaulle.
-# Although many fields remained under the administration of the French
-# (customs, taxes, justice, defence, foreign affairs, etc.), the Cambodian
-# administration was responsible for religious matters and traditional
-# celebrations, which included our calendar and time.  The time zone was GMT
-# + 7 and _no_ DST was applied.
-#
-# After Sihanouk and Tioulong achieved full independence, on 9 November 1953,
-# GMT + 7 was maintained.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-26):
-# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of rest of this data.
-
-Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
-			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
-			7:00	-	+07	1942 Dec 31 23:00
-			8:00	-	+08	1945 Mar 14 23:00
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  2
-			7:00	-	+07
-
-# Israel
-Zone	Asia/Tel_Aviv	2:19:04 -	LMT	1880
-			2:21	-	JMT	1918
-			2:00	Zion	I%sT
-
-# Laos
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11):
-# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data.
-# Trần's book says that Laos reverted to UT +07 on 1955-04-15.
-# Also, guess that Laos reverted to +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did;
-# this is probably wrong but it's better than guessing no transition.
-Zone	Asia/Vientiane	6:50:24 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
-			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
-			7:00	-	+07	1942 Dec 31 23:00
-			8:00	-	+08	1945 Mar 14 23:00
-			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  2
-			7:00	-	+07	1947 Apr  1
-			8:00	-	+08	1955 Apr 15
-			7:00	-	+07
-
-# Jan Mayen
-# From Whitman:
-Zone Atlantic/Jan_Mayen	-1:00	-	-01
-
-# St Helena
-Zone Atlantic/St_Helena	-0:22:48 -	LMT	1890 # Jamestown
-			-0:22:48 -	JMT	1951 # Jamestown Mean Time
-			 0:00	-	GMT
-
-# King Island
-Zone Australia/Currie	9:35:28	-	LMT	1895 Sep
-			10:00	AT	AE%sT	1919 Oct 24
-			10:00	Aus	AE%sT	1968 Oct 15
-			10:00	AT	AE%sT
-
-# Northern Ireland
-Zone	Europe/Belfast	-0:23:40 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
-			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21  2:00
-						# DMT = Dublin/Dunsink MT
-			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1  2:00s
-						# IST = Irish Summer Time
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
-			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
-			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
-
-# Guernsey
-# Data from Joseph S. Myers
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html
-# References to be added
-# LMT is for Town Church, St. Peter Port, 49° 27' 17" N, 2° 32' 10" W.
-Zone	Europe/Guernsey	-0:10:09 -	LMT	1913 Jun 18
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1940 Jul  2
-			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
-			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
-			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
-
-# Isle of Man
-#
-# From Lester Caine (2013-09-04):
-# The Isle of Man legislation is now on-line at
-# , starting with the original Statutory
-# Time Act in 1883 and including additional confirmation of some of
-# the dates of the 'Summer Time' orders originating at
-# Westminster.  There is a little uncertainty as to the starting date
-# of the first summer time in 1916 which may have been announced a
-# couple of days late.  There is still a substantial number of
-# documents to work through, but it is thought that every GB change
-# was also implemented on the island.
-#
-# AT4 of 1883 - The Statutory Time et cetera Act 1883 -
-# LMT Location - 54.1508N -4.4814E - Tynwald Hill ( Manx parliament )
-Zone Europe/Isle_of_Man	-0:17:55 -	LMT	1883 Mar 30  0:00s
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
-			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
-			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
-
-# Jersey
-# Data from Joseph S. Myers
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2013-September/019883.html
-# References to be added
-# LMT is for Parish Church, St. Helier, 49° 11' 0.57" N, 2° 6' 24.33" W.
-Zone	Europe/Jersey	-0:08:26 -	LMT	1898 Jun 11 16:00u
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1940 Jul  2
-			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
-			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
-			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
-
-# Slovenia
-Zone Europe/Ljubljana	0:58:04	-	LMT	1884
-			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
-			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
-			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Bosnia and Herzegovina
-Zone	Europe/Sarajevo	1:13:40	-	LMT	1884
-			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
-			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
-			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# North Macedonia
-Zone	Europe/Skopje	1:25:44	-	LMT	1884
-			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
-			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
-			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Moldova / Transnistria
-Zone	Europe/Tiraspol	1:58:32	-	LMT	1880
-			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
-			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
-			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00
-			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD
-
-# Liechtenstein
-Zone	Europe/Vaduz	0:38:04 -	LMT	1894 Jun
-			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Croatia
-Zone	Europe/Zagreb	1:03:52	-	LMT	1884
-			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  8  2:00s
-			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
-			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Madagascar
-Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul
-			3:00	-	EAT	1954 Feb 27 23:00s
-			3:00	1:00	EAST	1954 May 29 23:00s
-			3:00	-	EAT
-
-# Comoros
-Zone	Indian/Comoro	2:53:04 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro
-			3:00	-	EAT
-
-# Mayotte
-Zone	Indian/Mayotte	3:00:56 -	LMT	1911 Jul # Mamoutzou
-			3:00	-	EAT
-
-# US minor outlying islands
-Zone Pacific/Johnston	-10:00	-	HST
-
-# US minor outlying islands
-#
-# From Mark Brader (2005-01-23):
-# [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies,
-# published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3]
-# reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly
-# "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting
-# flights to Chicago and the US East Coast.  As it uses some time zone
-# designations that I've never seen before:....
-# Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I.   H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun.
-#  "   3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A  "
-#
-Zone Pacific/Midway	-11:49:28 -	LMT	1901
-			-11:00	-	-11	1956 Jun  3
-			-11:00	1:00	-10	1956 Sep  2
-			-11:00	-	-11
-
-# N Mariana Is
-Zone Pacific/Saipan	-14:17:00 -	LMT	1844 Dec 31
-			 9:43:00 -	LMT	1901
-			 9:00	-	+09	1969 Oct
-			10:00	-	+10	2000 Dec 23
-			10:00	-	ChST	# Chamorro Standard Time
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/calendars b/inst/tzdata/calendars
deleted file mode 100644
index 8bc70626..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/calendars
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
------ Calendrical issues -----
-
-As mentioned in Theory.html, although calendrical issues are out of
-scope for tzdb, they indicate the sort of problems that we would run
-into if we extended tzdb further into the past.  The following
-information and sources go beyond Theory.html's brief discussion.
-They sometimes disagree.
-
-
-France
-
-Gregorian calendar adopted 1582-12-20.
-French Revolutionary calendar used 1793-11-24 through 1805-12-31,
-and (in Paris only) 1871-05-06 through 1871-05-23.
-
-
-Russia
-
-From Chris Carrier (1996-12-02):
-On 1929-10-01 the Soviet Union instituted an "Eternal Calendar"
-with 30-day months plus 5 holidays, with a 5-day week.
-On 1931-12-01 it changed to a 6-day week; in 1934 it reverted to the
-Gregorian calendar while retaining the 6-day week; on 1940-06-27 it
-reverted to the 7-day week.  With the 6-day week the usual days
-off were the 6th, 12th, 18th, 24th and 30th of the month.
-(Source: Evitiar Zerubavel, _The Seven Day Circle_)
-
-
-Mark Brader reported a similar story in "The Book of Calendars", edited
-by Frank Parise (1982, Facts on File, ISBN 0-8719-6467-8), page 377.  But:
-
-From: Petteri Sulonen (via Usenet)
-Date: 14 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT
-...
-
-If your source is correct, how come documents between 1929 and 1940 were
-still dated using the conventional, Gregorian calendar?
-
-I can post a scan of a document dated December 1, 1934, signed by
-Yenukidze, the secretary, on behalf of Kalinin, the President of the
-Executive Committee of the Supreme Soviet, if you like.
-
-
-
-Sweden (and Finland)
-
-From: Mark Brader
-Subject: Re: Gregorian reform - a part of locale?
-
-Date: 1996-07-06
-
-In 1700, Denmark made the transition from Julian to Gregorian.  Sweden
-decided to *start* a transition in 1700 as well, but rather than have one of
-those unsightly calendar gaps :-), they simply decreed that the next leap
-year after 1696 would be in 1744 - putting the whole country on a calendar
-different from both Julian and Gregorian for a period of 40 years.
-
-However, in 1704 something went wrong and the plan was not carried through;
-they did, after all, have a leap year that year.  And one in 1708.  In 1712
-they gave it up and went back to Julian, putting 30 days in February that
-year!...
-
-Then in 1753, Sweden made the transition to Gregorian in the usual manner,
-getting there only 13 years behind the original schedule.
-
-(A previous posting of this story was challenged, and Swedish readers
-produced the following references to support it: "Tideräkning och historia"
-by Natanael Beckman (1924) and "Tid, en bok om tideräkning och
-kalenderväsen" by Lars-Olof Lodén (1968).
-
-
-Grotefend's data
-
-From: "Michael Palmer" [with one obvious typo fixed]
-Subject: Re: Gregorian Calendar (was Re: Another FHC related question
-Newsgroups: soc.genealogy.german
-Date: Tue, 9 Feb 1999 02:32:48 -800
-...
-
-The following is a(n incomplete) listing, arranged chronologically, of
-European states, with the date they converted from the Julian to the
-Gregorian calendar:
-
-04/15 Oct 1582 - Italy (with exceptions), Spain, Portugal, Poland (Roman
-                 Catholics and Danzig only)
-09/20 Dec 1582 - France, Lorraine
-
-21 Dec 1582/
-   01 Jan 1583 - Holland, Brabant, Flanders, Hennegau
-10/21 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Liege (Lüttich)
-13/24 Feb 1583 - bishopric of Augsburg
-04/15 Oct 1583 - electorate of Trier
-05/16 Oct 1583 - Bavaria, bishoprics of Freising, Eichstedt, Regensburg,
-                 Salzburg, Brixen
-13/24 Oct 1583 - Austrian Oberelsaß and Breisgau
-20/31 Oct 1583 - bishopric of Basel
-02/13 Nov 1583 - duchy of Jülich-Berg
-02/13 Nov 1583 - electorate and city of Köln
-04/15 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Würzburg
-11/22 Nov 1583 - electorate of Mainz
-16/27 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Strassburg and the margraviate of Baden
-17/28 Nov 1583 - bishopric of Münster and duchy of Cleve
-14/25 Dec 1583 - Steiermark
-
-06/17 Jan 1584 - Austria and Bohemia
-11/22 Jan 1584 - Lucerne, Uri, Schwyz, Zug, Freiburg, Solothurn
-12/23 Jan 1584 - Silesia and the Lausitz
-22 Jan/
-   02 Feb 1584 - Hungary (legally on 21 Oct 1587)
-      Jun 1584 - Unterwalden
-01/12 Jul 1584 - duchy of Westfalen
-
-16/27 Jun 1585 - bishopric of Paderborn
-
-14/25 Dec 1590 - Transylvania
-
-22 Aug/
-   02 Sep 1612 - duchy of Prussia
-
-13/24 Dec 1614 - Pfalz-Neuburg
-
-          1617 - duchy of Kurland (reverted to the Julian calendar in
-                 1796)
-
-          1624 - bishopric of Osnabrück
-
-          1630 - bishopric of Minden
-
-15/26 Mar 1631 - bishopric of Hildesheim
-
-          1655 - Kanton Wallis
-
-05/16 Feb 1682 - city of Strassburg
-
-18 Feb/
-   01 Mar 1700 - Protestant Germany (including Swedish possessions in
-                 Germany), Denmark, Norway
-30 Jun/
-   12 Jul 1700 - Gelderland, Zutphen
-10 Nov/
-   12 Dec 1700 - Utrecht, Overijssel
-
-31 Dec 1700/
-   12 Jan 1701 - Friesland, Groningen, Zürich, Bern, Basel, Geneva,
-                 Turgau, and Schaffhausen
-
-          1724 - Glarus, Appenzell, and the city of St. Gallen
-
-01 Jan 1750    - Pisa and Florence
-
-02/14 Sep 1752 - Great Britain
-
-17 Feb/
-   01 Mar 1753 - Sweden
-
-1760-1812      - Graubünden
-
-The Russian empire (including Finland and the Baltic states) did not
-convert to the Gregorian calendar until the Soviet revolution of 1917.
-
-Source: H. Grotefend, _Taschenbuch der Zeitrechnung des deutschen
-Mittelalters und der Neuzeit_, herausgegeben von Dr. O. Grotefend
-(Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1941), pp. 26-28.
-
------
-
-This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by
-Arthur David Olson.
-
------
-Local Variables:
-coding: utf-8
-End:
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/checklinks.awk b/inst/tzdata/checklinks.awk
deleted file mode 100644
index f3090108..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/checklinks.awk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
-# Check links in tz tables.
-
-# Contributed by Paul Eggert.  This file is in the public domain.
-
-BEGIN {
-    # Special marker indicating that the name is defined as a Zone.
-    # It is a newline so that it cannot match a valid name.
-    # It is not null so that its slot does not appear unset.
-    Zone = "\n"
-}
-
-/^Z/ {
-    if (defined[$2]) {
-	if (defined[$2] == Zone) {
-	    printf "%s: Zone has duplicate definition\n", $2
-	} else {
-	    printf "%s: Link with same name as Zone\n", $2
-	}
-	status = 1
-    }
-    defined[$2] = Zone
-}
-
-/^L/ {
-    if (defined[$3]) {
-	if (defined[$3] == Zone) {
-	    printf "%s: Link with same name as Zone\n", $3
-	} else if (defined[$3] == $2) {
-	    printf "%s: Link has duplicate definition\n", $3
-	} else {
-	    printf "%s: Link to both %s and %s\n", $3, defined[$3], $2
-	}
-	status = 1
-    }
-    used[$2] = 1
-    defined[$3] = $2
-}
-
-END {
-    for (tz in used) {
-	if (defined[tz] != Zone) {
-	    printf "%s: Link to non-zone\n", tz
-	    status = 1
-	}
-    }
-
-    exit status
-}
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/checktab.awk b/inst/tzdata/checktab.awk
deleted file mode 100644
index ec145b5a..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/checktab.awk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,193 +0,0 @@
-# Check tz tables for consistency.
-
-# Contributed by Paul Eggert.  This file is in the public domain.
-
-BEGIN {
-	FS = "\t"
-
-	if (!iso_table) iso_table = "iso3166.tab"
-	if (!zone_table) zone_table = "zone1970.tab"
-	if (!want_warnings) want_warnings = -1
-
-	while (getline >"/dev/stderr"
-			status = 1
-		}
-		cc = $1
-		name = $2
-		if (cc !~ /^[A-Z][A-Z]$/) {
-			printf "%s:%d: invalid country code '%s'\n", \
-				iso_table, iso_NR, cc >>"/dev/stderr"
-			status = 1
-		}
-		if (cc <= cc0) {
-			if (cc == cc0) {
-				s = "duplicate";
-			} else {
-				s = "out of order";
-			}
-
-			printf "%s:%d: country code '%s' is %s\n", \
-				iso_table, iso_NR, cc, s \
-				>>"/dev/stderr"
-			status = 1
-		}
-		cc0 = cc
-		if (name2cc[name]) {
-			printf "%s:%d: '%s' and '%s' have the same name\n", \
-				iso_table, iso_NR, name2cc[name], cc \
-				>>"/dev/stderr"
-			status = 1
-		}
-		name2cc[name] = cc
-		cc2name[cc] = name
-		cc2NR[cc] = iso_NR
-	}
-
-	cc0 = ""
-
-	while (getline >"/dev/stderr"
-			status = 1
-		}
-		split($1, cca, /,/)
-		cc = cca[1]
-		coordinates = $2
-		tz = $3
-		comments = $4
-
-		# Don't complain about a special case for Crimea in zone.tab.
-		# FIXME: zone.tab should be removed, since it is obsolete.
-		# Or at least put just "XX" in its country-code column.
-		if (cc < cc0 \
-		    && !(zone_table == "zone.tab" \
-			 && tz0 == "Europe/Simferopol")) {
-			printf "%s:%d: country code '%s' is out of order\n", \
-				zone_table, zone_NR, cc >>"/dev/stderr"
-			status = 1
-		}
-		cc0 = cc
-		tz0 = tz
-		tztab[tz] = 1
-		tz2comments[tz] = comments
-		tz2NR[tz] = zone_NR
-		for (i in cca) {
-		    cc = cca[i]
-		    cctz = cc tz
-		    cctztab[cctz] = 1
-		    if (cc2name[cc]) {
-			cc_used[cc]++
-		    } else {
-			printf "%s:%d: %s: unknown country code\n", \
-				zone_table, zone_NR, cc >>"/dev/stderr"
-			status = 1
-		    }
-		}
-		if (coordinates !~ /^[-+][0-9][0-9][0-5][0-9][-+][01][0-9][0-9][0-5][0-9]$/ \
-		    && coordinates !~ /^[-+][0-9][0-9][0-5][0-9][0-5][0-9][-+][01][0-9][0-9][0-5][0-9][0-5][0-9]$/) {
-			printf "%s:%d: %s: invalid coordinates\n", \
-				zone_table, zone_NR, coordinates >>"/dev/stderr"
-			status = 1
-		}
-	}
-
-	for (cctz in cctztab) {
-		cc = substr (cctz, 1, 2)
-		tz = substr (cctz, 3)
-		if (1 < cc_used[cc]) {
-			comments_needed[tz] = cc
-		}
-	}
-	for (cctz in cctztab) {
-	  cc = substr (cctz, 1, 2)
-	  tz = substr (cctz, 3)
-	  if (!comments_needed[tz] && tz2comments[tz]) {
-	    printf "%s:%d: unnecessary comment '%s'\n", \
-		zone_table, tz2NR[tz], tz2comments[tz] \
-		>>"/dev/stderr"
-	    tz2comments[tz] = 0
-	    status = 1
-	  } else if (comments_needed[tz] && !tz2comments[tz]) {
-	    printf "%s:%d: missing comment for %s\n", \
-	      zone_table, tz2NR[tz], comments_needed[tz] \
-	      >>"/dev/stderr"
-	    tz2comments[tz] = 1
-	    status = 1
-	  }
-	}
-	FS = " "
-}
-
-$1 ~ /^#/ { next }
-
-{
-	tz = rules = ""
-	if ($1 == "Zone") {
-		tz = $2
-		ruleUsed[$4] = 1
-		if ($5 ~ /%/) rulePercentUsed[$4] = 1
-	} else if ($1 == "Link" && zone_table == "zone.tab") {
-		# Ignore Link commands if source and destination basenames
-		# are identical, e.g. Europe/Istanbul versus Asia/Istanbul.
-		src = $2
-		dst = $3
-		while ((i = index(src, "/"))) src = substr(src, i+1)
-		while ((i = index(dst, "/"))) dst = substr(dst, i+1)
-		if (src != dst) tz = $3
-	} else if ($1 == "Rule") {
-		ruleDefined[$2] = 1
-		if ($10 != "-") ruleLetters[$2] = 1
-	} else {
-		ruleUsed[$2] = 1
-		if ($3 ~ /%/) rulePercentUsed[$2] = 1
-	}
-	if (tz && tz ~ /\//) {
-		if (!tztab[tz]) {
-			printf "%s: no data for '%s'\n", zone_table, tz \
-				>>"/dev/stderr"
-			status = 1
-		}
-		zoneSeen[tz] = 1
-	}
-}
-
-END {
-	for (tz in ruleDefined) {
-		if (!ruleUsed[tz]) {
-			printf "%s: Rule never used\n", tz
-			status = 1
-		}
-	}
-	for (tz in ruleLetters) {
-		if (!rulePercentUsed[tz]) {
-			printf "%s: Rule contains letters never used\n", tz
-			status = 1
-		}
-	}
-	for (tz in tztab) {
-		if (!zoneSeen[tz]) {
-			printf "%s:%d: no Zone table for '%s'\n", \
-				zone_table, tz2NR[tz], tz >>"/dev/stderr"
-			status = 1
-		}
-	}
-	if (0 < want_warnings) {
-		for (cc in cc2name) {
-			if (!cc_used[cc]) {
-				printf "%s:%d: warning: " \
-					"no Zone entries for %s (%s)\n", \
-					iso_table, cc2NR[cc], cc, cc2name[cc]
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	exit status
-}
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/etcetera b/inst/tzdata/etcetera
deleted file mode 100644
index 1dc7411f..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/etcetera
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,78 +0,0 @@
-# tzdb data for ships at sea and other miscellany
-
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# These entries are for uses not otherwise covered by the tz database.
-# Their main practical use is for platforms like Android that lack
-# support for POSIX-style TZ strings.  On such platforms these entries
-# can be useful if the timezone database is wrong or if a ship or
-# aircraft at sea is not in a timezone.
-
-# Starting with POSIX 1003.1-2001, the entries below are all
-# unnecessary as settings for the TZ environment variable.  E.g.,
-# instead of TZ='Etc/GMT+4' one can use the POSIX setting TZ='<-04>+4'.
-#
-# Do not use a POSIX TZ setting like TZ='GMT+4', which is four hours
-# behind GMT but uses the completely misleading abbreviation "GMT".
-
-Zone	Etc/GMT		0	-	GMT
-Zone	Etc/UTC		0	-	UTC
-
-# The following link uses older naming conventions,
-# but it belongs here, not in the file 'backward',
-# as functions like gmtime load the "GMT" file to handle leap seconds properly.
-# We want this to work even on installations that omit the other older names.
-Link	Etc/GMT				GMT
-
-Link	Etc/UTC				Etc/Universal
-Link	Etc/UTC				Etc/Zulu
-
-Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/Greenwich
-Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT-0
-Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT+0
-Link	Etc/GMT				Etc/GMT0
-
-# Be consistent with POSIX TZ settings in the Zone names,
-# even though this is the opposite of what many people expect.
-# POSIX has positive signs west of Greenwich, but many people expect
-# positive signs east of Greenwich.  For example, TZ='Etc/GMT+4' uses
-# the abbreviation "-04" and corresponds to 4 hours behind UT
-# (i.e. west of Greenwich) even though many people would expect it to
-# mean 4 hours ahead of UT (i.e. east of Greenwich).
-
-# Earlier incarnations of this package were not POSIX-compliant,
-# and had lines such as
-#		Zone	GMT-12		-12	-	GMT-1200
-# We did not want things to change quietly if someone accustomed to the old
-# way does a
-#		zic -l GMT-12
-# so we moved the names into the Etc subdirectory.
-# Also, the time zone abbreviations are now compatible with %z.
-
-Zone	Etc/GMT-14	14	-	+14
-Zone	Etc/GMT-13	13	-	+13
-Zone	Etc/GMT-12	12	-	+12
-Zone	Etc/GMT-11	11	-	+11
-Zone	Etc/GMT-10	10	-	+10
-Zone	Etc/GMT-9	9	-	+09
-Zone	Etc/GMT-8	8	-	+08
-Zone	Etc/GMT-7	7	-	+07
-Zone	Etc/GMT-6	6	-	+06
-Zone	Etc/GMT-5	5	-	+05
-Zone	Etc/GMT-4	4	-	+04
-Zone	Etc/GMT-3	3	-	+03
-Zone	Etc/GMT-2	2	-	+02
-Zone	Etc/GMT-1	1	-	+01
-Zone	Etc/GMT+1	-1	-	-01
-Zone	Etc/GMT+2	-2	-	-02
-Zone	Etc/GMT+3	-3	-	-03
-Zone	Etc/GMT+4	-4	-	-04
-Zone	Etc/GMT+5	-5	-	-05
-Zone	Etc/GMT+6	-6	-	-06
-Zone	Etc/GMT+7	-7	-	-07
-Zone	Etc/GMT+8	-8	-	-08
-Zone	Etc/GMT+9	-9	-	-09
-Zone	Etc/GMT+10	-10	-	-10
-Zone	Etc/GMT+11	-11	-	-11
-Zone	Etc/GMT+12	-12	-	-12
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/europe b/inst/tzdata/europe
deleted file mode 100644
index bba4d564..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/europe
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,4196 +0,0 @@
-# tzdb data for Europe and environs
-
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
-# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
-# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
-#
-# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
-# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
-# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
-#
-# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
-# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
-# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
-# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
-# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
-#
-# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
-#
-# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
-# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
-#
-# Other sources occasionally used include:
-#
-#	Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
-#	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
-#	which I found in the UCLA library.
-#
-#	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
-#	
-#	[PDF] (1914-03)
-#
-#	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-#	.  He writes:
-#	"It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
-#	may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
-#	Savile Row, London."  Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
-#
-#	Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
-#	This Russian-language source was consulted by Vladimir Karpinsky; see
-#	https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-August/021320.html
-#	The full Russian citation is:
-#	Бялокоз, Евгений Людвигович. Новый счет времени в течении суток
-#	введенный декретом Совета народных комиссаров для всей России с 1-го
-#	июля 1919 г. / Изд. 2-е Междуведомственной комиссии. - Петроград:
-#	Десятая гос. тип., 1919.
-#	http://resolver.gpntb.ru/purl?docushare/dsweb/Get/Resource-2011/Byalokoz__E.L.__Novyy__schet__vremeni__v__techenie__sutok__izd__2(1).pdf
-#
-#	Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
-#	History of Summer Time
-#	
-#	(1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
-#
-# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
-# the rest are variants of the "xMT" pattern for a city's mean time,
-# or are from other sources.  Corrections are welcome!
-#                   std  dst  2dst
-#                   LMT             Local Mean Time
-#       -4:00       AST  ADT        Atlantic
-#        0:00       GMT  BST  BDST  Greenwich, British Summer
-#        0:00       GMT  IST        Greenwich, Irish Summer
-#        0:00       WET  WEST WEMT  Western Europe
-#        0:19:32.13 AMT* NST*       Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)
-#        1:00       BST             British Standard (1968-1971)
-#        1:00       IST  GMT        Irish Standard (1968-) with winter DST
-#        1:00       CET  CEST CEMT  Central Europe
-#        1:00:14    SET             Swedish (1879-1899)
-#        1:36:34    RMT* LST*       Riga, Latvian Summer (1880-1926)*
-#        2:00       EET  EEST       Eastern Europe
-#        3:00       MSK  MSD  MDST* Moscow
-
-# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), re EEC/EC/EU members:
-# The original six: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
-# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
-# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
-# Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece.
-# Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal.
-# Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for
-# entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8%
-# on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous
-# referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice.
-# Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.)
-# ...
-# Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT.
-# I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards.
-# ...
-# There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules].
-# A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact
-# national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the
-# different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed
-# in the Directive.
-
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire)
-
-# From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06):
-#
-# On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about
-# historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo
-# and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph
-# of the text said:
-#
-# 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands
-# beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude
-# was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed
-# this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They
-# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
-# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
-# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
-#
-# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
-# position is 51° 28' 30" N, 0° 18' 45" W. The longitude should
-# be within about ±2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
-#
-# [This yields STDOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
-#
-# Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time.
-# The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time,
-# and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country.
-# The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828)
-# and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903).
-# The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway
-# in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most
-# (though not all) railways used London time.  On 1847-09-22 the
-# Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be
-# adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it.
-# The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian,
-# and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many
-# railways as using GMT.  By 1855 the vast majority of public
-# clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock
-# on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands,
-# one for local time and one for GMT).  The last major holdout was the legal
-# system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading
-# to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13.
-# The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition
-# of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02.
-#
-# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
-# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01.  We don't know as much
-# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
-# The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
-# informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
-# Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
-# New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
-# whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
-# after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
-# In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
-# that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift.  See:
-# Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30°.
-# Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
-# http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
-# Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
-# did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
-#
-# In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
-# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
-# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
-# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
-# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
-# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
-# but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests.
-# Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and
-# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
-# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
-# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
-# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
-# subscription and open to the public.  On the south face of the monolith,
-# designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
-# which is permanently set to Summer Time.
-
-# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
-# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
-# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
-# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
-# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
-# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
-#	-- "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly;
-#	republished in Finest Hour (Spring 2002) 1(114):26
-#	https://www.winstonchurchill.org/publications/finest-hour/finest-hour-114/a-silent-toast-to-william-willett-by-winston-s-churchill
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-08-08):
-# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
-# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
-# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
-# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
-# The term "Summer Time" was introduced by Herbert Samuel, Home Secretary; see:
-# Viscount Samuel. Leisure in a Democracy. Cambridge University Press
-# ISBN 978-1-107-49471-8 (1949, reissued 2015), p 8.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
-# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
-# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
-
-# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
-# From: Jonathan Leffler
-# [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament.
-# If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in
-# politics making a fortune, not computing.
-
-# From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14):
-# I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the
-# acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time.  Look for the published
-# time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and
-# if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T."
-
-# From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02):
-# ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the
-# main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516)
-# agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945).
-
-# From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03):
-# On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir
-# Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any
-# official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't
-# but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British
-# Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally.
-# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/bbc-19410418.png
-# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ho-19410421.png
-
-# From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21):
-# [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time
-# which is to be introduced in May....
-# I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time"
-# which could not be said to run counter to any official description.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
-# Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common
-# and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first,
-# so we use 'BDST'.
-
-# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
-# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
-# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
-# and extending this list, which can be found in
-# https://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
-
-# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
-#
-# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
-# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
-# https://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199798/ldhansrd/vo970611/text/70611-10.htm#70611-10_head0
-# (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-#
-# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
-#
-# Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger
-# are incorrect:
-#     * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until
-#	1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain.
-# Actually, Wales was identical after 1880.
-#     * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1.
-# It actually just had one transition.
-#     * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II.
-# Actually, it conformed to Britain.
-#     * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18.
-# Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time.
-# Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change).
-#
-# Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger:
-#     * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT
-#	to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to
-#	conform with Great Britain.
-# S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise.
-#
-# The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful;
-# we'll ignore it for now.
-#     * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-12-04):
-#
-# Dunsink Observatory (8 km NW of Dublin's center) was to Dublin as
-# Greenwich was to London.  For example:
-#
-#   "Timeball on the ballast office is down.  Dunsink time."
-#   -- James Joyce, Ulysses
-#
-# The abbreviation DMT stood for "Dublin Mean Time" or "Dunsink Mean Time";
-# this being Ireland, opinions differed.
-#
-# Whitman says Dublin/Dunsink Mean Time was UT-00:25:21, which agrees
-# with measurements of recent visitors to the Meridian Room of Dunsink
-# Observatory; see Malone D. Dunsink and timekeeping. 2016-01-24.
-# .  Malone
-# writes that the Nautical Almanac listed UT-00:25:22 until 1896, when
-# it moved to UT-00:25:21.1 (I confirmed that the 1893 edition used
-# the former and the 1896 edition used the latter).  Evidently the
-# news of this change propagated slowly, as Milne 1899 still lists
-# UT-00:25:22 and cites the International Telegraph Bureau.  As it is
-# not clear that there was any practical significance to the change
-# from UT-00:25:22 to UT-00:25:21.1 in civil timekeeping, omit this
-# transition for now and just use the latter value, omitting its
-# fraction since our format cannot represent fractions.
-
-# "Countess Markievicz ... claimed that the [1916] abolition of Dublin Mean Time
-# was among various actions undertaken by the 'English' government that
-# would 'put the whole country into the SF (Sinn Féin) camp'.  She claimed
-# Irish 'public feeling (was) outraged by forcing of English time on us'."
-# -- Parsons M. Dublin lost its time zone - and 25 minutes - after 1916 Rising.
-# Irish Times 2014-10-27.
-# https://www.irishtimes.com/news/politics/dublin-lost-its-time-zone-and-25-minutes-after-1916-rising-1.1977411
-
-# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
-# Irish laws are available online at .
-# These include various relating to legal time, for example:
-#
-# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
-#
-# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
-# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
-#
-# ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html
-# ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html
-# ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html
-#
-# ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html
-# ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html
-# ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html
-#
-# [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is
-# .]
-#
-# (These are those I found, but there could be more.  In any case these
-# should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover
-# the laws applicable in Ireland.)
-#
-# (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined
-# in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it
-# is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time
-# being GMT+1.)
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28):
-# Clive Feather (, 1997-03-31)
-# reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time
-# (CT), equivalent to French civil time.
-# Julian Hill (, 1998-09-30) reports that
-# trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door)
-# and Frethun run in CT.
-# My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities,
-# the French concession operators and the British civil authorities,
-# and that the time depends on who you're talking to.
-# If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason,
-# I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST.
-# This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST.
-
-# From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02):
-# The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94,
-# which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive No. 94/21/EC.
-# Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate
-# regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of
-# Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is
-# "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST".
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-12-07):
-# The 1996 anonymous contributor's goal was to determine the correct
-# abbreviation for summer time in Dublin and so the contributor
-# focused on the "IST", not on the "Irish Summer Time".  Though the
-# "IST" was correct, the "Irish Summer Time" appears to have been an
-# error, as Ireland's Standard Time (Amendment) Act, 1971 states that
-# standard time in Ireland remains at UT +01 and is observed in
-# summer, and that Greenwich mean time is observed in winter.  (Thanks
-# to Derick Rethans for pointing out the error.)  That is, when
-# Ireland amended the 1968 act that established UT +01 as Irish
-# Standard Time, it left standard time unchanged and established GMT
-# as a negative daylight saving time in winter.  So, in this database
-# IST stands for Irish Summer Time for timestamps before 1968, and for
-# Irish Standard Time after that.  See:
-# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1971/act/17/enacted/en/print
-
-# Michael Deckers (2017-06-01) gave the following URLs for Ireland's
-# Summer Time Act, 1925 and Summer Time Orders, 1926 and 1947:
-# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1925/act/8/enacted/en/print
-# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1926/sro/919/made/en/print
-# http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1947/sro/71/made/en/print
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# Summer Time Act, 1916
-Rule	GB-Eire	1916	only	-	May	21	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	GMT
-# S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358
-Rule	GB-Eire	1917	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	GMT
-# S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274
-Rule	GB-Eire	1918	only	-	Mar	24	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1918	only	-	Sep	30	2:00s	0	GMT
-# S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297
-Rule	GB-Eire	1919	only	-	Mar	30	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1919	only	-	Sep	29	2:00s	0	GMT
-# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458
-Rule	GB-Eire	1920	only	-	Mar	28	2:00s	1:00	BST
-# S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844
-Rule	GB-Eire	1920	only	-	Oct	25	2:00s	0	GMT
-# S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363
-Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	2:00s	0	GMT
-# S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264
-Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Mar	26	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	2:00s	0	GMT
-# The Summer Time Act, 1922
-Rule	GB-Eire	1923	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1923	1924	-	Sep	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
-Rule	GB-Eire	1924	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1925	1926	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
-# The Summer Time Act, 1925
-Rule	GB-Eire	1925	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
-Rule	GB-Eire	1927	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1928	1929	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1930	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1931	1932	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1933	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1934	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1935	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1936	1937	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1938	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
-# S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379
-Rule	GB-Eire	1939	only	-	Nov	Sun>=16	2:00s	0	GMT
-# S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883
-Rule	GB-Eire	1940	only	-	Feb	Sun>=23	2:00s	1:00	BST
-# S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476
-Rule	GB-Eire	1941	only	-	May	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1941	1943	-	Aug	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST
-# S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506
-Rule	GB-Eire	1942	1944	-	Apr	Sun>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
-# S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932
-Rule	GB-Eire	1944	only	-	Sep	Sun>=16	1:00s	1:00	BST
-# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312
-Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Apr	Mon>=2	1:00s	2:00	BDST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1945	only	-	Jul	Sun>=9	1:00s	1:00	BST
-# S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208
-Rule	GB-Eire	1945	1946	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
-Rule	GB-Eire	1946	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
-# The Summer Time Act, 1947
-Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Mar	16	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Apr	13	1:00s	2:00	BDST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Aug	10	1:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1947	only	-	Nov	 2	2:00s	0	GMT
-# Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495)
-Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1948	only	-	Oct	31	2:00s	0	GMT
-# Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373)
-Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1949	only	-	Oct	30	2:00s	0	GMT
-# Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518)
-# Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430)
-# Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451)
-Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Apr	Sun>=14	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1950	1952	-	Oct	Sun>=21	2:00s	0	GMT
-# revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925
-Rule	GB-Eire	1953	only	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1953	1960	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	GMT
-Rule	GB-Eire	1954	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1955	1956	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1957	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1958	1959	-	Apr	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1960	only	-	Apr	Sun>=9	2:00s	1:00	BST
-# Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71)
-# Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465)
-# Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81)
-Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1963	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1961	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
-# Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101)
-# Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201)
-# Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148)
-Rule	GB-Eire	1964	1967	-	Mar	Sun>=19	2:00s	1:00	BST
-# Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117)
-Rule	GB-Eire	1968	only	-	Feb	18	2:00s	1:00	BST
-# The British Standard Time Act, 1968
-#	(no summer time)
-# The Summer Time Act, 1972
-Rule	GB-Eire	1972	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=16	2:00s	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire	1972	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=23	2:00s	0	GMT
-# Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089)
-# Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673)
-# Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223)
-# Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931)
-Rule	GB-Eire	1981	1995	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00u	1:00	BST
-Rule	GB-Eire 1981	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=23	1:00u	0	GMT
-# Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985)
-# Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729)
-# Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798)
-Rule	GB-Eire 1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	1:00u	0	GMT
-# Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982)
-# See EU for rules starting in 1996.
-#
-# Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/London	-0:01:15 -	LMT	1847 Dec  1  0:00s
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1968 Oct 27
-			 1:00	-	BST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1996
-			 0:00	EU	GMT/BST
-Link	Europe/London	Europe/Jersey
-Link	Europe/London	Europe/Guernsey
-Link	Europe/London	Europe/Isle_of_Man
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-02-15):
-# In January 2018 we discovered that the negative SAVE values in the
-# Eire rules cause problems with tests for ICU:
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025825.html
-# and with tests for OpenJDK:
-# https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2018-January/025822.html
-#
-# To work around this problem, the build procedure can translate the
-# following data into two forms, one with negative SAVE values and the
-# other form with a traditional approximation for Irish timestamps
-# after 1971-10-31 02:00 UTC; although this approximation has tm_isdst
-# flags that are reversed, its UTC offsets are correct and this often
-# suffices.  This source file currently uses only nonnegative SAVE
-# values, but this is intended to change and downstream code should
-# not rely on it.
-#
-# The following is like GB-Eire and EU, except with standard time in
-# summer and negative daylight saving time in winter.  It is for when
-# negative SAVE values are used.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Eire	1971	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00u	-1:00	-
-Rule	Eire	1972	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=16	 2:00u	0	-
-Rule	Eire	1972	1980	-	Oct	Sun>=23	 2:00u	-1:00	-
-Rule	Eire	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
-Rule	Eire	1981	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=23	 1:00u	-1:00	-
-Rule	Eire	1990	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00u	-1:00	-
-Rule	Eire	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	-1:00	-
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Dublin	-0:25:00 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2
-			-0:25:21 -	DMT	1916 May 21  2:00s
-			-0:25:21 1:00	IST	1916 Oct  1  2:00s
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1921 Dec  6 # independence
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1940 Feb 25  2:00s
-			 0:00	1:00	IST	1946 Oct  6  2:00s
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1947 Mar 16  2:00s
-			 0:00	1:00	IST	1947 Nov  2  2:00s
-			 0:00	-	GMT	1948 Apr 18  2:00s
-			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1968 Oct 27
-# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
-			 1:00	Eire	IST/GMT
-# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
-#			 1:00	-	IST	1971 Oct 31  2:00u
-#			 0:00	GB-Eire	GMT/IST	1996
-#			 0:00	EU	GMT/IST
-# End of rearguard section.
-
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Europe
-
-# The following rules are for the European Union and for its
-# predecessor organization, the European Communities.
-# For brevity they are called "EU rules" elsewhere in this file.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	EU	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	EU	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
-Rule	EU	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00u	0	-
-Rule	EU	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
-Rule	EU	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00u	1:00	S
-Rule	EU	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00u	0	-
-# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002.  See:
-# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
-# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
-# http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT
-
-# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
-Rule	W-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	W-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
-Rule	W-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00s	0	-
-Rule	W-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
-Rule	W-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	W-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
-
-# Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables.
-# From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time.
-Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	C-Eur	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	C-Eur	1917	1918	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	C-Eur	1940	only	-	Apr	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	C-Eur	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	C-Eur	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	C-Eur	1944	1945	-	Apr	Mon>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	C-Eur	1944	only	-	Oct	 2	 2:00s	0	-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
-#
-# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
-# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
-# corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
-# tz database itself, as seen below:
-#
-# Zone Europe/Paris ...
-#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16  3:00
-#
-# Zone Europe/Monaco ...
-#    0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16  3:00
-#
-# Zone Europe/Belgrade ...
-#    1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16  2:00s
-#
-# Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16  3:00 0 -
-# Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
-# Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
-#
-# The rule line to be changed is:
-#
-# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00 0 -
-#
-# It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on
-# 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time.  However there are no
-# countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items
-# affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms
-# CET and MET:
-#
-# Zone CET  1:00 C-Eur CE%sT
-# Zone MET  1:00 C-Eur ME%sT
-#
-# It this is right then the corrected version would look like:
-#
-# Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16  2:00s 0 -
-#
-# A small step for mankind though 8-)
-Rule	C-Eur	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	C-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	C-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	C-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	C-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	C-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	C-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-
-# E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time.
-Rule	E-Eur	1977	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	E-Eur	1977	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	E-Eur	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	E-Eur	1979	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	E-Eur	1981	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	E-Eur	1996	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
-
-
-# Daylight saving time for Russia and the Soviet Union
-#
-# The 1917-1921 decree URLs are from Alexander Belopolsky (2016-08-23).
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Jul	 1	23:00	1:00	MST  # Moscow Summer Time
-#
-# Decree No. 142 (1917-12-22) http://istmat.info/node/28137
-Rule	Russia	1917	only	-	Dec	28	 0:00	0	MMT  # Moscow Mean Time
-#
-# Decree No. 497 (1918-05-30) http://istmat.info/node/30001
-Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	May	31	22:00	2:00	MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
-Rule	Russia	1918	only	-	Sep	16	 1:00	1:00	MST
-#
-# Decree No. 258 (1919-05-29) http://istmat.info/node/37949
-Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	May	31	23:00	2:00	MDST
-#
-Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Jul	 1	 0:00u	1:00	MSD
-Rule	Russia	1919	only	-	Aug	16	 0:00	0	MSK
-#
-# Decree No. 63 (1921-02-03) http://istmat.info/node/45840
-Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	MSD
-#
-# Decree No. 121 (1921-03-07) http://istmat.info/node/45949
-Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Mar	20	23:00	2:00	+05
-#
-Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	1:00	MSD
-Rule	Russia	1921	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
-# Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
-Rule	Russia	1981	1984	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Russia	1981	1983	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
-# Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
-# Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14):
-Rule	Russia	1984	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Russia	1985	2010	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
-#
-Rule	Russia	1996	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-# As described below, Russia's 2014 change affects Zone data, not Rule data.
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
-# Wikipedia and other sources refer to the Act of the Council of
-# Ministers of the USSR from 1988-01-04 No. 5 and the Act of the
-# Council of Ministers of the USSR from 1989-03-14 No. 227.
-#
-# I did not find full texts of these acts.  For the 1989 one we have
-# title at https://base.garant.ru/70754136/ :
-# "About change in calculation of time on the territories of
-# Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR and Estonian SSR, Astrakhan,
-# Kaliningrad, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk and Uralsk oblasts".
-# And http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt appears to
-# contain quotes from both acts: Since last Sunday of March 1988 rules
-# of the second time belt are installed in Volgograd and Saratov
-# oblasts.  Since last Sunday of March 1989:
-# a) Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, Estonian SSR, Kaliningrad oblast:
-# second time belt rules without extra hour (Moscow-1);
-# b) Astrakhan, Kirov, Kuybyshev, Ulyanovsk oblasts: second time belt
-# rules (Moscow time)
-# c) Uralsk oblast: third time belt rules (Moscow+1).
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-27):
-# Unamended version of the act of the
-# Government of the Russian Federation No. 23 from 08.01.1992
-# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102014034&rdk=0
-# says that every year clocks were to be moved forward on last Sunday
-# of March at 2 hours and moved backwards on last Sunday of September
-# at 3 hours.  It was amended in 1996 to replace September with October.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14):
-# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
-# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
-# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
-#
-# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
-# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
-#
-# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
-# https://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
-# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
-# to be standard.
-
-# These are for backward compatibility with older versions.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	WET		0:00	EU	WE%sT
-Zone	CET		1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT
-Zone	MET		1:00	C-Eur	ME%sT
-Zone	EET		2:00	EU	EE%sT
-
-# Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST
-# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
-
-# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
-# The official German names ... are
-#
-#	Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ)         = UTC+01:00
-#	Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ)  = UTC+02:00
-#
-# as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
-# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
-# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
-#
-#	Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
-#	Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
-#	Postfach 3345
-#	D-38023 Braunschweig
-#	phone: +49 531 592-0
-#
-# ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB
-# department for time and frequency transmission.  He explained that the
-# PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as
-#
-#	Central European Time (CET)         = UTC+01:00
-#	Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00
-
-
-# Albania
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Albania	1940	only	-	Jun	16	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Albania	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Mar	29	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Albania	1943	only	-	Apr	10	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	May	 4	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Albania	1974	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Albania	1975	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Albania	1976	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	May	 8	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Albania	1977	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Albania	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	May	 5	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Albania	1979	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Albania	1980	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Apr	26	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Albania	1981	only	-	Sep	27	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	May	 2	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Albania	1982	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Apr	18	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Albania	1983	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Albania	1984	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Tirane	1:19:20 -	LMT	1914
-			1:00	-	CET	1940 Jun 16
-			1:00	Albania	CE%sT	1984 Jul
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Andorra
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Andorra	0:06:04 -	LMT	1901
-			0:00	-	WET	1946 Sep 30
-			1:00	-	CET	1985 Mar 31  2:00
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Austria
-
-# Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and
-# 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and
-# Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged"
-# date of 1945-04-12 with no time.  For the 1980-04-06 transition
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00.  Go with the BEV,
-# and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12.
-
-# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-22):
-# In 1946 the end of DST was on Monday, 7 October 1946, at 3:00 am.
-# Shanks had this right.  Source: Die Weltpresse, 5. Oktober 1946, page 5.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Austria	1920	only	-	Sep	13	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Austria	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Austria	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Austria	1947	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Austria	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Austria	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Austria	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Vienna	1:05:21 -	LMT	1893 Apr
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1920
-			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1940 Apr  1  2:00s
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00s
-			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Apr 12  2:00s
-			1:00	-	CET	1946
-			1:00	Austria	CE%sT	1981
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Belarus
-#
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-02):
-# http://www.lawbelarus.com/repub/sub30/texf9611.htm
-# (Act of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus from
-# 1992-03-25 No. 157) ... says clocks were to be moved forward at 2:00
-# on last Sunday of March and backward at 3:00 on last Sunday of September
-# (the same as previous USSR and contemporary Russian regulations).
-#
-# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
-# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
-# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
-#
-# Sources (Russian language):
-# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
-# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
-# https://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
-#
-# From Alexander Bokovoy (2014-10-09):
-# Belarussian government decided against changing to winter time....
-# http://eng.belta.by/all_news/society/Belarus-decides-against-adjusting-time-in-Russias-wake_i_76335.html
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Minsk	1:50:16 -	LMT	1880
-			1:50	-	MMT	1924 May  2 # Minsk Mean Time
-			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
-			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 28
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jul  3
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
-			3:00	-	MSK	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			3:00	-	+03
-
-# Belgium
-#
-# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-25):
-# The exposition in the web page
-# https://www.bestor.be/wiki/index.php/Voyager_dans_le_temps._L%E2%80%99introduction_de_la_norme_de_Greenwich_en_Belgique
-# gives several contemporary sources from which one can conclude that
-# the switch in Europe/Brussels on 1892-05-01 was from 00:17:30 to 00:00:00.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28):
-# This quote helps explain the late-1914 situation:
-#   In early November 1914, the Germans imposed the time zone used in central
-#   Europe and forced the inhabitants to set their watches and public clocks
-#   sixty minutes ahead.  Many were reluctant to accept "German time" and
-#   continued to use "Belgian time" among themselves.  Reflecting the spirit of
-#   resistance that arose in the population, a song made fun of this change....
-# The song ended:
-#   Putting your clock forward
-#   Will but hasten the happy hour
-#   When we kick out the Boches!
-# See: Pluvinage G. Brussels on German time. Cahiers Bruxellois -
-# Brusselse Cahiers. 2014;XLVI(1E):15-38.
-# https://www.cairn.info/revue-cahiers-bruxellois-2014-1E-page-15.htm
-#
-# Entries from 1914 through 1917 are taken from "De tijd in België"
-# .
-# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
-#	Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
-#	Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
-#	(Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
-#	pp 8-9.
-# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for the 1918/1991 references.
-# The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium.
-# Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect.
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Belgium	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1918	1919	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Belgium	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Belgium	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1922	1927	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Belgium	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
-# DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd
-# Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier),
-# to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15
-# changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT.
-Rule	Belgium	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1928	1938	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Belgium	1929	only	-	Apr	21	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1930	only	-	Apr	13	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1931	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1932	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1933	only	-	Mar	26	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1934	only	-	Apr	 8	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1935	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1936	only	-	Apr	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1937	only	-	Apr	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1938	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Apr	16	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1939	only	-	Nov	19	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Belgium	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1944	only	-	Sep	17	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	May	19	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Belgium	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	 2:00s	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Brussels	0:17:30 -	LMT	1880
-			0:17:30	-	BMT	1892 May  1 00:17:30
-			0:00	-	WET	1914 Nov  8
-			1:00	-	CET	1916 May  1  0:00
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Nov 11 11:00u
-			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 20  2:00s
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep  3
-			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Bosnia and Herzegovina
-# See Europe/Belgrade.
-
-# Bulgaria
-#
-# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
-# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No. 94/1997) says:
-# EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
-# EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Mar	31	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Bulg	1979	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Bulg	1980	1982	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Bulg	1980	only	-	Sep	29	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Bulg	1981	only	-	Sep	27	 2:00	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Sofia	1:33:16 -	LMT	1880
-			1:56:56	-	IMT	1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT?
-			2:00	-	EET	1942 Nov  2  3:00
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
-			1:00	-	CET	1945 Apr  2  3:00
-			2:00	-	EET	1979 Mar 31 23:00
-			2:00	Bulg	EE%sT	1982 Sep 26  3:00
-			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
-			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT
-
-# Croatia
-# See Europe/Belgrade.
-
-# Cyprus
-# Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia.
-
-# Czech Republic / Czechia
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-04-15):
-# The source for Czech data is: Kdy začíná a končí letní čas. 2018-04-15.
-# https://kalendar.beda.cz/kdy-zacina-a-konci-letni-cas
-# We know of no English-language name for historical Czech winter time;
-# abbreviate it as "GMT", as it happened to be GMT.
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Apr	Mon>=1	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Czech	1945	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Czech	1946	only	-	May	 6	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Czech	1946	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Czech	1947	1948	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Czech	1949	only	-	Apr	 9	2:00s	1:00	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Prague	0:57:44 -	LMT	1850
-			0:57:44	-	PMT	1891 Oct    # Prague Mean Time
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May  9
-			1:00	Czech	CE%sT	1946 Dec  1  3:00
-# Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
-			1:00	-1:00	GMT	1947 Feb 23  2:00
-# Rearguard section, for parsers lacking negative DST; see ziguard.awk.
-#			0:00	-	GMT	1947 Feb 23  2:00
-# End of rearguard section.
-			1:00	Czech	CE%sT	1979
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
-
-# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
-# the law [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
-# The page https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1893/83
-# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
-#
-# The EU [actually, EEC and Euratom] treaty with effect from 1973:
-# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1972/21100
-#
-# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
-# in subsequent decrees with the law
-# https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/1974/223
-#
-# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980.  I have
-# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
-# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
-# 1980-09-28 at 02:00.  If this is true, this differs slightly from
-# the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00.  We don't know
-# when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only
-# confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981:
-# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
-# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
-# was suspended on that night):
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20140104053304/https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=60267
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
-# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
-# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
-# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
-# wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Denmark	1916	only	-	Sep	30	23:00	0	-
-Rule	Denmark	1940	only	-	May	15	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Denmark	1945	only	-	Aug	15	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	May	 1	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Denmark	1946	only	-	Sep	 1	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	May	 4	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Denmark	1947	only	-	Aug	10	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	May	 9	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Denmark	1948	only	-	Aug	 8	 2:00s	0	-
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Copenhagen	 0:50:20 -	LMT	1890
-			 0:50:20 -	CMT	1894 Jan  1 # Copenhagen MT
-			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1942 Nov  2  2:00s
-			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
-			 1:00	Denmark	CE%sT	1980
-			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
-Zone Atlantic/Faroe	-0:27:04 -	LMT	1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
-			 0:00	-	WET	1981
-			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
-# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
-# East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones.
-# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-12-10):
-# Greenland joined the European Communities as part of Denmark,
-# obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, and left the European Communities
-# on 1985-02-01.  It therefore should have been using EU
-# rules at least through 1984.  Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
-# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
-# rules since at least 1991.  Assume EU rules since 1980.
-
-# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
-#  (2001-03-15),
-# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
-#
-# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
-# is according to the following time line:
-#
-# The military zone near Thule	UTC-4
-# Standard Greenland time	UTC-3
-# Scoresbysund			UTC-1
-# Danmarkshavn			UTC
-#
-# In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be
-# introduced.
-
-# From Rives McDow (2001-11-01):
-#
-# I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at
-# the time to clarify the situation in Thule.  Unfortunately, I have
-# not heard back from them regarding my recent letter.  [But I have
-# info from earlier correspondence.]
-#
-# According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule
-# Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight
-# savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time....
-#
-# The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund
-# uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst.
-# There are just a few stations on this coast, including the
-# Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th
-# email.  The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
-# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
-# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
-#
-# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
-# the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb).
-#
-# The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it
-# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
-# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
-#
-# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
-# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
-# maintaining traffic in these areas.  However, the official status of
-# this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time.  This area might be
-# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
-
-# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
-# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
-# there at 2:00 AM.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
-# the 1995 map as like Godthåb.
-# For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996.
-# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
-# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
-# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
-
-# From J William Piggott (2016-02-20):
-# "Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund" is officially named
-# "National Park" by Executive Order:
-# http://naalakkersuisut.gl/~/media/Nanoq/Files/Attached%20Files/Engelske-tekster/Legislation/Executive%20Order%20National%20Park.rtf
-# It is their only National Park.
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Thule	1991	1992	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Thule	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Thule	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28
-			-3:00	-	-03	1980 Apr  6  2:00
-			-3:00	EU	-03/-02	1996
-			0:00	-	GMT
-#
-# Use the old name Scoresbysund, as the current name Ittoqqortoormiit
-# exceeds tzdb's 14-letter limit and has no common English abbreviation.
-Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit
-			-2:00	-	-02	1980 Apr  6  2:00
-			-2:00	C-Eur	-02/-01	1981 Mar 29
-			-1:00	EU	-01/+00
-Zone America/Nuuk	-3:26:56 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Godthåb
-			-3:00	-	-03	1980 Apr  6  2:00
-			-3:00	EU	-03/-02
-Zone America/Thule	-4:35:08 -	LMT	1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik
-			-4:00	Thule	A%sT
-
-# Estonia
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-#
-# From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15):
-# A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards
-# [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it,
-# a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989....
-#
-# From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28):
-# [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s,
-# but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:]
-# "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different
-# (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules
-# conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia....
-# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
-# human physiology.  It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
-# summer time next spring."
-
-# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
-# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
-# http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390
-# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
-# the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
-#
-# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
-# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
-# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
-
-# From The Baltic Times  (1999-09-09)
-# via Steffen Thorsen:
-# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
-# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
-# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
-# Union are still unclear.  In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
-# for all member states until 2001.  Brussels has yet to decide what to do
-# after that.
-
-# From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29):
-# Regulation No. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation
-# No. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all
-# the year round.  The regulation is effective 1999-11-01.
-
-# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
-# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
-# Now we are using again EU rules.
-#
-# From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
-# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Tallinn	1:39:00	-	LMT	1880
-			1:39:00	-	TMT	1918 Feb    # Tallinn Mean Time
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1919 Jul
-			1:39:00	-	TMT	1921 May
-			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  6
-			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 15
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Sep 22
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep 24  2:00s
-			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998 Sep 22
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT	1999 Oct 31  4:00
-			2:00	-	EET	2002 Feb 21
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT
-
-# Finland
-
-# From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC):
-# Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one,
-# and it's supposed to change at 4am...
-
-# From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15):
-#
-# I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982.
-# During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour
-# earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made
-# according to the central European standards.
-#
-# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
-# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
-# Finnish) at
-# https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
-#
-# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
-# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
-#
-# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
-# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
-#
-# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
-# exist tonight."
-
-# From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
-# [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
-# https://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
-# pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
-# say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
-# 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
-# mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
-# On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
-# Go with Oja over Shanks.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Apr	2	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Finland	1942	only	-	Oct	4	1:00	0	-
-Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Finland	1981	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	3:00	0	-
-
-# Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
-# round to nearest.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Helsinki	1:39:49 -	LMT	1878 May 31
-			1:39:49	-	HMT	1921 May    # Helsinki Mean Time
-			2:00	Finland	EE%sT	1983
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT
-
-# Åland Is
-Link	Europe/Helsinki	Europe/Mariehamn
-
-
-# France
-
-# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
-#
-# Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions
-# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
-#
-# Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel,
-# Paris, 1991
-#
-# Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie,
-# Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987
-
-# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-11):
-# the law of 1891 
-# was published on 1891-03-15, so it could only take force on 1891-03-16.
-
-# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-10):
-# Le Gaulois, 1911-03-11, page 1/6, online at
-# https://www.retronews.fr/societe/echo-de-presse/2018/01/29/1911-change-lheure-de-paris
-# ... [ Instantly, all pressure driven clock dials halted...  Nine minutes and
-#       twenty-one seconds later the hands resumed their circular motion. ]
-# There are also precise reports about how the change was prepared in train
-# stations: all the publicly visible clocks stopped at midnight railway time
-# (or were covered), only the chief of service had a watch, labeled
-# "Heure ancienne", that he kept running until it reached 00:04:21, when
-# he announced "Heure nouvelle".  See the "Le Petit Journal 1911-03-11".
-# https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6192911/f1.item.zoom
-#
-# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12):
-# That "all French clocks stopped" for 00:09:21 is a misreading of French
-# newspapers; this sort of adjustment applies only to certain
-# remote-controlled clocks ("pendules pneumatiques", of which there existed
-# perhaps a dozen in Paris, and which simply could not be set back remotely),
-# but not to all the clocks in all French towns and villages.  For instance,
-# the following story in the "Courrier de Saône-et-Loire" 1911-03-11, page 2:
-# only works if legal time was stepped back (was not monotone): ...
-#   [One can observe that children who had been born at midnight less 5
-#    minutes and who had died at midnight of the old time, would turn out to
-#    be dead before being born, time having been set back and having
-#    suppressed 9 minutes and 25 seconds of their existence, that is, more
-#    than they could spend.]
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2020-06-12):
-# French time in railway stations was legally five minutes behind civil time,
-# which explains why railway "old time" ran to 00:04:21 instead of to 00:09:21.
-# The law's text (which Michael Deckers noted is at
-# ) says only that
-# at 1911-03-11 00:00 legal time was that of Paris mean time delayed by
-# nine minutes and twenty-one seconds, and does not say how the
-# transition from Paris mean time was to occur.
-#
-# tzdb has no way to represent stopped clocks.  As the railway practice
-# was to keep a watch running on "old time" to decide when to restart
-# the other clocks, this could be modeled as a transition for "old time" at
-# 00:09:21.  However, since the law was ambiguous and clocks outside railway
-# stations were probably done haphazardly with the popular impression being
-# that the transition was done at 00:00 "old time", simply leave the time
-# blank; this causes zic to default to 00:00 "old time" which is good enough.
-# Do something similar for the 1891-03-16 transition.  There are similar
-# problems in Algiers, Monaco and Tunis.
-
-#
-# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	France	1916	only	-	Jun	14	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1916	1919	-	Oct	Sun>=1	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	France	1917	only	-	Mar	24	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1920	only	-	Oct	23	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	France	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1921	only	-	Oct	25	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	France	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
-# DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st
-# Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions
-# were Apr 12 and Oct 5.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	France	1922	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	France	1923	only	-	May	26	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1925	only	-	Apr	 4	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1930	only	-	Apr	12	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1933	only	-	Mar	25	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	France	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	S
-# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
-# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
-# Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez,
-# Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La
-# Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
-# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
-# Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
-# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
-Rule	France	1941	only	-	May	 5	 0:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
-# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
-# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
-# who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
-# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
-Rule	France	1941	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1942	only	-	Mar	 9	 0:00	2:00	M
-Rule	France	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 3:00	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00	2:00	M
-Rule	France	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 3:00	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	 2:00	2:00	M
-Rule	France	1944	only	-	Oct	 8	 1:00	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	2:00	M
-Rule	France	1945	only	-	Sep	16	 3:00	0	-
-# Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00;
-# go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT.
-Rule	France	1976	only	-	Mar	28	 1:00	1:00	S
-Rule	France	1976	only	-	Sep	26	 1:00	0	-
-# Howse writes that the time in France was officially based
-# on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Paris	0:09:21 -	LMT	1891 Mar 16
-			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre.
-			0:00	France	WE%sT	1940 Jun 14 23:00
-# Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 25
-			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16  3:00
-			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Germany
-
-# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
-# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
-# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
-# [See tz-link.html for the URL.]
-
-# From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
-# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
-# https://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/
-# General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
-# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
-# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
-# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
-# this was equivalent to UT +03, not +04.
-
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Apr	14	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Germany	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Germany	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-# http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition
-# occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Go with the PTB.
-Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Apr	 6	3:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	May	11	2:00s	2:00	M
-Rule	Germany	1947	only	-	Jun	29	3:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Germany	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Germany	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
-
-Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	May	24	2:00	2:00	M # Midsummer
-Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Sep	24	3:00	1:00	S
-Rule SovietZone	1945	only	-	Nov	18	2:00s	0	-
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Berlin	0:53:28 -	LMT	1893 Apr
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 May 24  2:00
-			1:00 SovietZone	CE%sT	1946
-			1:00	Germany	CE%sT	1980
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
-# Büsingen , surrounded by the Swiss canton
-# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
-# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
-# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
-# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
-#
-# Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
-# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
-# Büsingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
-
-Link	Europe/Zurich	Europe/Busingen
-
-# Georgia
-# Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi.
-# Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni)
-# is in Europe.  Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part.
-
-# Gibraltar
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Gibraltar	-0:21:24 -	LMT	1880 Aug  2  0:00s
-			0:00	GB-Eire	%s	1957 Apr 14  2:00
-			1:00	-	CET	1982
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Greece
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Jul	 7	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Greece	1932	only	-	Sep	 1	0:00	0	-
-# Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Greece	1941	only	-	Apr	 7	0:00	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Greece	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	3:00	0	-
-Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Mar	30	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Greece	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	0:00	0	-
-# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Greece	1952	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Apr	12	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Greece	1975	only	-	Nov	26	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Apr	11	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Greece	1976	only	-	Oct	10	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Greece	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Greece	1977	only	-	Sep	26	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Greece	1978	only	-	Sep	24	4:00	0	-
-Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Apr	 1	9:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Greece	1979	only	-	Sep	29	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Greece	1980	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Athens	1:34:52 -	LMT	1895 Sep 14
-			1:34:52	-	AMT	1916 Jul 28  0:01 # Athens MT
-			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1941 Apr 30
-			1:00	Greece	CE%sT	1944 Apr  4
-			2:00	Greece	EE%sT	1981
-			# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
-			# go with EU rules instead, since Greece joined Jan 1.
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT
-
-# Hungary
-
-# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-09):
-# an Austrian encyclopedia of railroads of 1913, online at
-# http://www.zeno.org/Roell-1912/A/Eisenbahnzeit
-# says that the switch [to CET] happened on 1890-11-01.
-
-# From Géza Nyáry (2020-06-07):
-# Data for 1918-1983 are based on the archive database of Library Hungaricana.
-# The dates are collected from original, scanned governmental orders,
-# bulletins, instructions and public press.
-# [See URLs below.]
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1918/?pg=238
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1919/?pg=808
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1920/?pg=201
-Rule	Hungary	1918	1919	-	Apr	15	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Hungary	1918	1920	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Hungary	1920	only	-	Apr	 5	 2:00	1:00	S
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1945/?pg=882
-Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	May	 1	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Hungary	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	 1:00	0	-
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1946_03/?pg=49
-Rule	Hungary	1946	only	-	Mar	31	 2:00s	1:00	S
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1946_09/?pg=54
-Rule	Hungary	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	 2:00	0	-
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1947_04_1__001-123/?pg=90
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DunantuliNaplo_1947_09/?pg=128
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KulfBelfHirek_1948_03_3__001-123/?pg=304
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Zala_1948_09/?pg=64
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SatoraljaujhelyiLeveltar_ZempleniNepujsag_1948/?pg=53
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SatoraljaujhelyiLeveltar_ZempleniNepujsag_1948/?pg=160
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/UjSzo_1949_01-04/?pg=102
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/KeletMagyarorszag_1949_03/?pg=96
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1949_09/?pg=94
-Rule	Hungary	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=4	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Hungary	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1954/?pg=513
-Rule	Hungary	1954	only	-	May	23	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Hungary	1954	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	0	-
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1955/?pg=398
-Rule	Hungary	1955	only	-	May	22	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Hungary	1955	only	-	Oct	 2	 3:00	0	-
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/HevesMegyeiNepujsag_1956_06/?pg=0
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/EszakMagyarorszag_1956_06/?pg=6
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/SzolnokMegyeiNeplap_1957_04/?pg=120
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/PestMegyeiHirlap_1957_09/?pg=143
-Rule	Hungary	1956	1957	-	Jun	Sun>=1	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Hungary	1956	1957	-	Sep	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1980/?pg=189
-Rule	Hungary	1980	only	-	Apr	 6	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Hungary	1980	only	-	Sep	28	 1:00	0	-
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1980/?pg=1227
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/Delmagyarorszag_1981_01/?pg=79
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1982/?pg=115
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/DTT_KOZL_TanacsokKozlonye_1983/?pg=85
-Rule	Hungary	1981	1983	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Hungary	1981	1983	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Budapest	1:16:20 -	LMT	1890 Nov  1
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1941/?pg=1204
-# https://library.hungaricana.hu/hu/view/OGYK_RT_1942/?pg=3955
-			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1941 Apr  7 23:00
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
-			1:00	Hungary	CE%sT	1984
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Iceland
-#
-# From Adam David (1993-11-06):
-# The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT.
-#
-# (1993-12-05):
-# This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of
-# Iceland Almanak.
-#
-# From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour
-# behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts
-# of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavík mean solar time which
-# was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT.
-#
-# "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks
-# of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the
-# time the norsemen first settled Iceland.  The first day of winter is always
-# Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars.
-#
-# (1993-12-10):
-# I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the
-# beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus
-# to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question.
-#	the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day
-#	(old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday.
-# St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style"
-# might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it
-# might mean something else (???).
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-11-22):
-# The information below is taken from the 1988 Almanak; see
-# http://www.almanak.hi.is/klukkan.html
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Iceland	1917	1919	-	Feb	19	23:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iceland	1917	only	-	Oct	21	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Iceland	1918	1919	-	Nov	16	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Iceland	1921	only	-	Mar	19	23:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iceland	1921	only	-	Jun	23	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Apr	29	23:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iceland	1939	only	-	Oct	29	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Iceland	1940	only	-	Feb	25	 2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Iceland	1940	1941	-	Nov	Sun>=2	 1:00s	0	-
-Rule	Iceland	1941	1942	-	Mar	Sun>=2	 1:00s	1:00	-
-# 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter
-Rule	Iceland	1943	1946	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	-
-Rule	Iceland	1942	1948	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
-# 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter
-Rule	Iceland	1947	1967	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 1:00s	1:00	-
-# 1949 and 1967 Oct transitions delayed by 1 week
-Rule	Iceland	1949	only	-	Oct	30	 1:00s	0	-
-Rule	Iceland	1950	1966	-	Oct	Sun>=22	 1:00s	0	-
-Rule	Iceland	1967	only	-	Oct	29	 1:00s	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik	-1:28	-	LMT	1908
-			-1:00	Iceland	-01/+00	1968 Apr  7  1:00s
-			 0:00	-	GMT
-
-# Italy
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
-# Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893,
-# called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32).
-# During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time.
-# But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff,
-# so record only the time in Rome.
-#
-# From Stephen Trainor (2019-05-06):
-# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale/ORA_LEGALE_ESTIVA_IN_ITALIA.htm
-# ... the [1866] law went into effect on 12 December 1866, rather than
-# the date of the decree (22 Sep 1866)
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20070824155341/http://www.iav.it/planetario/didastro/didastro/english.htm
-# ... "In Italy in 1866 there were 6 railway times (Torino, Verona, Firenze,
-# Roma, Napoli, Palermo). On that year it was decided to unify them, adopting
-# the average time of Rome (even if this city was not yet part of the
-# kingdom).  On the 12th December 1866, on the starting of the winter time
-# table, it took effect in the railways, the post office and the telegraph,
-# not only for the internal service but also for the public....  Milano set
-# the public watches on the Rome time on the same day (12th December 1866),
-# Torino and Bologna on the 1st January 1867, Venezia the 1st May 1880 and the
-# last city was Cagliari in 1886."
-#
-# From Luigi Rosa (2019-05-07):
-# this is the scan of the decree:
-# http://www.radiomarconi.com/marconi/filopanti/1866c.jpg
-#
-# From Michael Deckers (2016-10-24):
-# http://www.ac-ilsestante.it/MERIDIANE/ora_legale quotes a law of 1893-08-10
-# ... [translated as] "The preceding dispositions will enter into
-# force at the instant at which, according to the time specified in
-# the 1st article, the 1st of November 1893 will begin...."
-#
-# From Pierpaolo Bernardi (2016-10-20):
-# The authoritative source for time in Italy is the national metrological
-# institute, which has a summary page of historical DST data at
-# http://www.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml
-# [now at http://oldsite.inrim.it/res/tf/ora_legale_i.shtml as of 2017]
-# (2016-10-24):
-# http://www.renzobaldini.it/le-ore-legali-in-italia/
-# has still different data for 1944.  It divides Italy in two, as
-# there were effectively two governments at the time, north of Gothic
-# Line German controlled territory, official government RSI, and south
-# of the Gothic Line, controlled by allied armies.
-#
-# From Brian Inglis (2016-10-23):
-# Viceregal LEGISLATIVE DECREE. 14 September 1944, no. 219.
-# Restoration of Standard Time. (044U0219) (OJ 62 of 30.9.1944) ...
-# Given the R. law decreed on 1944-03-29, no. 92, by which standard time is
-# advanced to sixty minutes later starting at hour two on 1944-04-02; ...
-# Starting at hour three on the date 1944-09-17 standard time will be resumed.
-#
-# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-02):
-# I spent 6 Euros to buy two archive copies of Il Messaggero, a Roman paper,
-# for 1 and 2 April 1944.  The edition of 2 April has this note: "Tonight at 2
-# am, put forward the clock by one hour.  Remember that in the night between
-# today and Monday the 'ora legale' will come in force again."  That makes it
-# clear that in Rome the change was on Monday, 3 April 1944 at 2 am.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-27):
-# Go with INRiM for DST rules, except as corrected by Inglis for 1944
-# for the Kingdom of Italy.  This is consistent with Renzo Baldini.
-# Model Rome's occupation by using C-Eur rules from 1943-09-10
-# to 1944-06-04; although Rome was an open city during this period, it
-# was effectively controlled by Germany.
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Italy	1916	only	-	Jun	 3	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1916	1917	-	Sep	30	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1917	only	-	Mar	31	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Mar	 9	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1918	only	-	Oct	 6	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1919	only	-	Oct	 4	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Mar	20	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1920	only	-	Sep	18	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1940	only	-	Jun	14	24:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1942	only	-	Nov	 2	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1943	only	-	Mar	29	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1943	only	-	Oct	 4	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1944	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1944	only	-	Sep	17	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1945	only	-	Sep	15	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Mar	17	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1946	only	-	Oct	 6	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Mar	16	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1947	only	-	Oct	 5	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Feb	29	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1948	only	-	Oct	 3	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1966	1968	-	May	Sun>=22	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1966	only	-	Sep	24	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1967	1969	-	Sep	Sun>=22	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1969	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	May	31	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1970	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1971	1972	-	May	Sun>=22	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1971	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1972	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1973	1974	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1974	only	-	May	26	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1975	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1975	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1976	only	-	May	30	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1977	1979	-	May	Sun>=22	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Italy	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Italy	1979	only	-	Sep	30	 0:00s	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Rome	0:49:56 -	LMT	1866 Dec 12
-			0:49:56	-	RMT	1893 Oct 31 23:49:56 # Rome Mean
-			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1943 Sep 10
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Jun  4
-			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1980
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/Vatican
-Link	Europe/Rome	Europe/San_Marino
-
-# Latvia
-
-# From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17):
-
-# I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy
-# of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the
-# correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about
-# changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981....
-#
-# Act No. 35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ...
-# according to the Act No. 925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24
-# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
-# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00)
-# and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00).
-#
-# Act No. 592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ...
-# according to the Act No. 967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13
-# ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning
-# the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
-# (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of
-# September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day).
-#
-# Act No. 81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ...
-# according to the Act No. 227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14
-# ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR,
-# Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the
-# time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia
-# transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00
-# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward.  The end of
-# daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00
-# (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is
-# 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock....
-#
-# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of
-# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
-# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
-
-# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
-# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
-# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
-# 29-Feb-2000 (No. 79) ,
-# in Latvian for subscribers only).
-
-# From RFE/RL Newsline
-# http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html
-# (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
-# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
-# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
-# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
-# clocks one hour in the spring....
-# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvītis noted that Latvia had too few
-# daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European
-# Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving
-# time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government
-# urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it
-# appears that they will not do so....
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Latvia	1989	1996	-	Sep	lastSun	 2:00s	0	-
-
-# Milne 1899 says Riga was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Latvia was 1:36:34.
-# Go with Byalokoz.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Riga	1:36:34	-	LMT	1880
-			1:36:34	-	RMT	1918 Apr 15  2:00 # Riga MT
-			1:36:34	1:00	LST	1918 Sep 16  3:00 # Latvian ST
-			1:36:34	-	RMT	1919 Apr  1  2:00
-			1:36:34	1:00	LST	1919 May 22  3:00
-			1:36:34	-	RMT	1926 May 11
-			2:00	-	EET	1940 Aug  5
-			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jul
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct 13
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar lastSun  2:00s
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1989 Sep lastSun  2:00s
-			2:00	Latvia	EE%sT	1997 Jan 21
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2000 Feb 29
-			2:00	-	EET	2001 Jan  2
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT
-
-# Liechtenstein
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich.
-
-# From Alois Treindl (2019-07-04):
-# I was able to access the online archive of the Vaduz paper Vaterland ...
-# I could confirm from the paper that Liechtenstein did in fact follow
-# the same DST in 1941 and 1942 as Switzerland did.
-
-Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz
-
-
-# Lithuania
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22):
-# IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is
-# known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too.
-
-# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
-# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
-# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
-
-# From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) ,
-# via Steffen Thorsen:
-# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
-# to be valid here starting from October 31,
-# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
-# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
-# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
-# already done by Estonia.
-
-# From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
-#  (2000-03-27):
-# Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
-
-# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
-# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
-# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
-# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
-# neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of
-# 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at
-# http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm
-
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Vilnius	1:41:16	-	LMT	1880
-			1:24:00	-	WMT	1917        # Warsaw Mean Time
-			1:35:36	-	KMT	1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time
-			1:00	-	CET	1920 Jul 12
-			2:00	-	EET	1920 Oct  9
-			1:00	-	CET	1940 Aug  3
-			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Jun 24
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
-			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1998
-			2:00	-	EET	1998 Mar 29  1:00u
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT	1999 Oct 31  1:00u
-			2:00	-	EET	2003 Jan  1
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT
-
-# Luxembourg
-# Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	May	14	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lux	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Apr	28	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lux	1917	only	-	Sep	17	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Apr	Mon>=15	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Lux	1918	only	-	Sep	Mon>=15	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lux	1919	only	-	Oct	 5	 3:00	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Feb	14	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lux	1920	only	-	Oct	24	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Mar	14	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lux	1921	only	-	Oct	26	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Mar	25	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lux	1922	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Apr	21	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lux	1923	only	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 2:00	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1924	only	-	Mar	29	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lux	1924	1928	-	Oct	Sun>=2	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Lux	1925	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lux	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lux	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lux	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Lux	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Luxembourg	0:24:36 -	LMT	1904 Jun
-			1:00	Lux	CE%sT	1918 Nov 25
-			0:00	Lux	WE%sT	1929 Oct  6  2:00s
-			0:00	Belgium	WE%sT	1940 May 14  3:00
-			1:00	C-Eur	WE%sT	1944 Sep 18  3:00
-			1:00	Belgium	CE%sT	1977
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# North Macedonia
-# See Europe/Belgrade.
-
-# Malta
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-10-21):
-# Assume 1900-1972 was like Rome, overriding Shanks.
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Mar	31	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Malta	1973	only	-	Sep	29	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Apr	21	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Malta	1974	only	-	Sep	16	0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Malta	1975	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Malta	1975	1980	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Malta	1980	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Malta	0:58:04 -	LMT	1893 Nov  2  0:00s # Valletta
-			1:00	Italy	CE%sT	1973 Mar 31
-			1:00	Malta	CE%sT	1981
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Moldova
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
-# the act of the government of the Republic of Moldova Nr. 132 from 1990-05-04
-# http://lex.justice.md/viewdoc.php?action=view&view=doc&id=298782&lang=2
-# ... says that since 1990-05-06 on the territory of the Moldavian SSR
-# time would be calculated as the standard time of the second time belt
-# plus one hour of the "summer" time. To implement that clocks would be
-# adjusted one hour backwards at 1990-05-06 2:00. After that "summer"
-# time would be cancelled last Sunday of September at 3:00 and
-# reintroduced last Sunday of March at 2:00.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write
-# that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00.
-# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
-# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
-# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
-# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
-# But [two people] separately reported via
-# Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
-# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
-#
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
-# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
-# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
-# to the Winter Time).
-#
-# News (in Russian):
-# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
-# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
-#
-# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
-# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
-# In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol
-# a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32.
-#
-# (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed)
-#
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26)
-# NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point.
-# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
-# decision to abolish DST this winter.
-# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
-# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
-# News from Moldova (in russian):
-# https://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
-
-# From Roman Tudos (2015-07-02):
-# http://lex.justice.md/index.php?action=view&view=doc&lang=1&id=355077
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-01):
-# The abovementioned official link to IGO1445-868/2014 states that
-# 2014-10-26's fallback transition occurred at 03:00 local time.  Also,
-# https://www.trm.md/en/social/la-30-martie-vom-trece-la-ora-de-vara
-# says the 2014-03-30 spring-forward transition was at 02:00 local time.
-# Guess that since 1997 Moldova has switched one hour before the EU.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Moldova	1997	max	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Moldova	1997	max	-	Oct	lastSun	 3:00	0	-
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Chisinau	1:55:20 -	LMT	1880
-			1:55	-	CMT	1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
-			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
-			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1940 Aug 15
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1941 Jul 17
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Aug 24
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990 May  6  2:00
-			2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992
-			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
-# See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules.
-			2:00	Moldova	EE%sT
-
-# Monaco
-#
-# From Michael Deckers (2020-06-12):
-# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1892-05-24, online at
-# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/b1c67c12c5af11b41ea888fb048e4fe8.pdf
-# we read: ...
-#  [In virtue of a Sovereign Ordinance of the May 13 of the current [year],
-#   legal time in the Principality will be set to, from the date of June 1,
-#   1892 onwards, to the meridian of Paris, as in France.]
-# In the "Journal de Monaco" of 1911-03-28, online at
-# https://journaldemonaco.gouv.mc/var/jdm/storage/original/application/de74ffb7db53d4f599059fe8f0ed482a.pdf
-# we read an ordinance of 1911-03-16: ...
-#  [Legal time in the Principality will be set, from the date of promulgation
-#   of the present ordinance, to legal time in France....  Consequently, legal
-#   time will be retarded by 9 minutes and 21 seconds.]
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Monaco	0:29:32 -	LMT	1892 Jun  1
-			0:09:21	-	PMT	1911 Mar 29 # Paris Mean Time
-			0:00	France	WE%sT	1945 Sep 16  3:00
-			1:00	France	CE%sT	1977
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Montenegro
-# See Europe/Belgrade.
-
-# Netherlands
-
-# Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940,
-# but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time.
-
-# However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01):
-# Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00
-# Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including
-# the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time
-# (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the
-# common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was
-# not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law.
-# On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and
-# was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd").
-#
-# (2001-04-08):
-# 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to
-# observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common
-# practice of following Amsterdam mean time.
-#
-# (2001-04-09):
-# In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the
-# municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe
-# Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was
-# actually followed.
-#
-# From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to
-# observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of
-# Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most
-# places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically
-# adopted Amsterdam mean time.
-#
-# Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety
-# of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it
-# was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe
-# Amsterdam mean time.
-
-# The data entries before 1945 are taken from
-# https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/wettijd/wettijd.htm
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	NST	# Netherlands Summer Time
-Rule	Neth	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	AMT	# Amsterdam Mean Time
-Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Apr	16	2:00s	1:00	NST
-Rule	Neth	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00s	0	AMT
-Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Apr	Mon>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
-Rule	Neth	1918	1921	-	Sep	lastMon	2:00s	0	AMT
-Rule	Neth	1922	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
-Rule	Neth	1922	1936	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	AMT
-Rule	Neth	1923	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
-Rule	Neth	1924	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	NST
-Rule	Neth	1925	only	-	Jun	Fri>=1	2:00s	1:00	NST
-# From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week
-# in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend.
-Rule	Neth	1926	1931	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
-Rule	Neth	1932	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST
-Rule	Neth	1933	1936	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	NST
-Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	May	22	2:00s	1:00	NST
-Rule	Neth	1937	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Neth	1937	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Neth	1938	1939	-	May	15	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Neth	1945	only	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
-#
-# Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13, but the .13 is omitted
-# below because the current format requires STDOFF to be an integer.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Amsterdam	0:19:32 -	LMT	1835
-			0:19:32	Neth	%s	1937 Jul  1
-			0:20	Neth +0020/+0120 1940 May 16  0:00
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
-			1:00	Neth	CE%sT	1977
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Norway
-# http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks &
-# Pottenger.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	May	22	1:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Norway	1916	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Apr	 2	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Norway	1945	only	-	Oct	 1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Norway	1959	1964	-	Mar	Sun>=15	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Norway	1959	1965	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Norway	1965	only	-	Apr	25	2:00s	1:00	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Oslo	0:43:00 -	LMT	1895 Jan  1
-			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1940 Aug 10 23:00
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr  2  2:00
-			1:00	Norway	CE%sT	1980
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Svalbard & Jan Mayen
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01):
-# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
-# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
-# time they were declared as parts of Norway.  Svalbard was declared
-# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
-# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
-#  and
-# ).  The law/regulation
-# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
-# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
-# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
-# ) I have not been
-# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
-# before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by
-# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
-# since 1921.  Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
-# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
-# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04):
-#
-# Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II,
-# so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was
-# keeping Berlin time.
-#
-#  says that the meteorologists
-# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
-# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
-# frequent air attacks from Germans.  In 1943 the Americans established a
-# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City".  Possibly
-# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
-# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
-#
-# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
-# Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says
-# ).  The Svalbard FAQ
-#  says that the Germans were
-# expelled on 1942-05-14.  However, small parties of Germans did return,
-# and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954)
-# http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html
-# the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named
-# Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945.
-#
-# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
-# for these regions.
-Link	Europe/Oslo	Arctic/Longyearbyen
-
-# Poland
-
-# The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
-#  pp 1-2.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Poland	1918	1919	-	Sep	16	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Poland	1919	only	-	Apr	15	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Apr	 3	2:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Poland	1944	only	-	Oct	 4	2:00	0	-
-# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Apr	29	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Poland	1945	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	-
-# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
-# Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
-# https://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1
-# Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
-# He also gives these further references:
-# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) 
-# Druk nr 2180 (2003) 
-Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Apr	14	0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Poland	1946	only	-	Oct	 7	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Poland	1947	only	-	May	 4	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Poland	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Poland	1948	only	-	Apr	18	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Poland	1949	only	-	Apr	10	2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Poland	1957	only	-	Jun	 2	1:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Poland	1957	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
-Rule	Poland	1958	only	-	Mar	30	1:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Poland	1959	only	-	May	31	1:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Poland	1959	1961	-	Oct	Sun>=1	1:00s	0	-
-Rule	Poland	1960	only	-	Apr	 3	1:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Poland	1961	1964	-	May	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Poland	1962	1964	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Warsaw	1:24:00 -	LMT	1880
-			1:24:00	-	WMT	1915 Aug  5 # Warsaw Mean Time
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1918 Sep 16  3:00
-			2:00	Poland	EE%sT	1922 Jun
-			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1940 Jun 23  2:00
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
-			1:00	Poland	CE%sT	1977
-			1:00	W-Eur	CE%sT	1988
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Portugal
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-11), after a heads-up from Stephen Colebourne:
-# According to a Portuguese decree (1911-05-26)
-# https://dre.pt/application/dir/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
-# Lisbon was at -0:36:44.68, but switched to GMT on 1912-01-01 at 00:00.
-# Round the old offset to -0:36:45.  This agrees with Willett....
-#
-# From Michael Deckers (2018-02-15):
-# article 5 [of the 1911 decree; Deckers's translation] ...:
-# These dispositions shall enter into force at the instant at which,
-# according to the 2nd article, the civil day January 1, 1912 begins,
-# all clocks therefore having to be advanced or set back correspondingly ...
-
-# From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12):
-# Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone
-# (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC.
-#
-# Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve
-# that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring.
-# The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12):
-# IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions
-# at 02:00u, not 01:00u.  Assume that these are typos.
-# IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00.
-# IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00.
-# Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal
-# harmonized with EU rules), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter.
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not
-# done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules.
-# Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Jun	17	23:00	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Port	1916	only	-	Nov	 1	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Port	1917	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1917	1921	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1918	only	-	Mar	 1	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1919	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1920	only	-	Feb	29	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1921	only	-	Feb	28	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1924	only	-	Oct	14	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1928	only	-	Apr	14	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1931	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Port	1931	1932	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1932	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1934	only	-	Apr	 7	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Port	1934	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman.
-Rule	Port	1935	only	-	Mar	30	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1936	only	-	Apr	18	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Port	1937	only	-	Apr	 3	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Port	1939	only	-	Nov	18	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1940	only	-	Feb	24	23:00s	1:00	S
-# Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman.
-Rule	Port	1940	1941	-	Oct	 5	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1941	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Mar	Sat>=8	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Apr	25	22:00s	2:00	M # Midsummer
-Rule	Port	1942	only	-	Aug	15	22:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1942	1945	-	Oct	Sat>=24	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1943	only	-	Apr	17	22:00s	2:00	M
-Rule	Port	1943	1945	-	Aug	Sat>=25	22:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1944	1945	-	Apr	Sat>=21	22:00s	2:00	M
-Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Apr	Sat>=1	23:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1946	only	-	Oct	Sat>=1	23:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1947	1949	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
-# Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman.
-# Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1951	1965	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Mar	27	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1977	only	-	Sep	25	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1978	1979	-	Apr	Sun>=1	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1979	1982	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00s	0	-
-Rule	Port	1980	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1981	1982	-	Mar	lastSun	 1:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Port	1983	only	-	Mar	lastSun	 2:00s	1:00	S
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Lisbon	-0:36:45 -	LMT	1884
-			-0:36:45 -	LMT	1912 Jan  1  0:00u # Lisbon MT
-			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1966 Apr  3  2:00
-			 1:00	-	CET	1976 Sep 26  1:00
-			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
-			 0:00	W-Eur	WE%sT	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
-			 1:00	EU	CE%sT	1996 Mar 31  1:00u
-			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
-# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
-Zone Atlantic/Azores	-1:42:40 -	LMT	1884        # Ponta Delgada
-			-1:54:32 -	HMT	1912 Jan  1  2:00u # Horta MT
-			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1942 Apr 25 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	+00	1942 Aug 15 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1943 Apr 17 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	+00	1943 Aug 28 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1944 Apr 22 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	+00	1944 Aug 26 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1945 Apr 21 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	+00	1945 Aug 25 22:00s
-			-2:00	Port	-02/-01	1966 Apr  3  2:00
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
-			-1:00	W-Eur	-01/+00	1992 Sep 27  1:00s
-			 0:00	EU	WE%sT	1993 Mar 28  1:00u
-			-1:00	EU	-01/+00
-# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
-Zone Atlantic/Madeira	-1:07:36 -	LMT	1884        # Funchal
-			-1:07:36 -	FMT	1912 Jan  1  1:00u # Funchal MT
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1942 Apr 25 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	+01	1942 Aug 15 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1943 Apr 17 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	+01	1943 Aug 28 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1944 Apr 22 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	+01	1944 Aug 26 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1945 Apr 21 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	+01	1945 Aug 25 22:00s
-			-1:00	Port	-01/+00	1966 Apr  3  2:00
-			 0:00	Port	WE%sT	1983 Sep 25  1:00s
-			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
-
-# Romania
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
-# Nine O'clock 
-# (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
-# 04:00 local time in fall 1998.  For lack of better info,
-# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
-# the same year as Bulgaria.
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Romania	1932	only	-	May	21	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Romania	1932	1939	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 0:00s	0	-
-Rule	Romania	1933	1939	-	Apr	Sun>=2	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	May	27	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Romania	1979	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Apr	 5	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Romania	1980	only	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Mar	lastSun	 0:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Romania	1991	1993	-	Sep	lastSun	 0:00s	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Bucharest	1:44:24 -	LMT	1891 Oct
-			1:44:24	-	BMT	1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT
-			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1981 Mar 29  2:00s
-			2:00	C-Eur	EE%sT	1991
-			2:00	Romania	EE%sT	1994
-			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1997
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT
-
-
-# Russia
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
-# Based on last Russian Government Decree No. 725 on August 31, 2011
-# (Government document
-# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
-# in Russian)
-# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
-# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
-# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
-
-# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
-# Scans of [Decree No. 23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
-# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
-# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
-# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
-# changed in September 2011:
-#
-# One source is
-# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
-# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
-# 2011 No. 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
-#
-# Another source is
-# https://rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
-# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
-# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
-# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
-# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue No. 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
-# does not contain any "effective date" information.
-#
-# Another source is
-# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
-# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution No. 725 of August 31, 2011...
-# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
-# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
-#
-# The Wikipedia article refers to
-# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
-# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
-#
-# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
-# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
-# with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
-# get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
-# Conradi notes).
-#
-# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
-#
-# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
-# According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
-# http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
-# the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
-# winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones.  The new
-# regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
-# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
-# Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
-# 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
-# areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
-#
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
-# Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
-# http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
-# http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
-# http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
-# From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will look like this:
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
-# are from Andrey A. Chernov.  The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
-# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
-# 23:00, not Sun 02:00s.
-#
-# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
-# But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow!
-# I do not know why they have decided to make this change;
-# as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching
-# so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch.
-#
-# From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04):
-# 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with
-# UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group)....
-# The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor
-# (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there.
-#
-# From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30):
-# According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from
-# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
-# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
-#
-# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
-# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
-# News - often false - is spread by word of mouth.  A rumor that it was
-# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
-# the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
-# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
-#
-# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
-# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
-# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade.  I start with the
-# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
-# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
-# since September 1997....  Although the Kuril Islands are
-# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
-# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
-
-# From Marat Nigametzianov (2018-07-16):
-# this is link to order from 1956 about timezone in USSR
-# http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2011/11/novyie-granitsyi-chasovyih-poyasov-v-sssr/
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-07-16):
-# Perhaps someone could translate the above-mentioned link and use it
-# to correct our data for the ex-Soviet Union.  It cites the following:
-# «Поясное время и новые границы часовых поясов» / сост. П.Н. Долгов,
-# отв. ред. Г.Д. Бурдун - М: Комитет стандартов, мер и измерительных
-# приборов при Совете Министров СССР, Междуведомственная комиссия
-# единой службы времени, 1956 г.
-# This book looks like it would be a helpful resource for the Soviet
-# Union through 1956.  Although a copy was in the Scientific Library
-# of Tomsk State University, I have not been able to track down a copy nearby.
-#
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2018-07-21):
-# http://astro.uni-altai.ru/~orion/blog/2015/05/center-reforma-ischisleniya-vremeni-br-na-territorii-sssr-v-1957-godu-center/
-# says that the 1956 decision to change time belts' borders was not
-# implemented as planned in 1956 and the change happened in 1957.
-# There is also the problem that actual time zones were different from
-# the official time belts (and from many time belts' maps) as there were
-# numerous exceptions to application of time belt rules.  For example,
-# https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Московское_время#Перемещение_границы_применения_московского_времени_на_восток
-# says that by 1962 there were many regions in the 3rd time belt that
-# were on Moscow time, referring to a 1962 map.  By 1989 number of such
-# exceptions grew considerably.
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
-# The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
-# with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
-# are covered by each zone.  They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
-# listing.  The region codes listed come from
-# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
-# and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
-# future stability.  ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
-# divisions where available.
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
-# 39	RU-KGD	Kaliningrad Oblast
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25):
-# Although Shanks lists 1945-01-01 as the date for transition from
-# +01/+02 to +02/+03, more likely this is a placeholder.  Guess that
-# the transition occurred at 1945-04-10 00:00, which is about when
-# Königsberg surrendered to Soviet troops.  (Thanks to Alois Triendl.)
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
-# http://www.rgo.ru/ru/kaliningradskoe-oblastnoe-otdelenie/ob-otdelenii/publikacii/kak-nam-zhilos-bez-letnego-vremeni
-# confirms that the 1989 change to Moscow-1 was implemented.
-# (The article, though, is misattributed to 1990 while saying that
-# summer->winter transition would be done on the 24 of September. But
-# 1990-09-24 was Monday, while 1989-09-24 was Sunday as expected.)
-# ...
-# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
-# says that Kaliningrad switched to Moscow-1 on 1989-03-26, avoided
-# at the last moment switch to Moscow-1 on 1991-03-31, switched to
-# Moscow on 1991-11-03, switched to Moscow-1 on 1992-01-19.
-
-Zone Europe/Kaliningrad	 1:22:00 -	LMT	1893 Apr
-			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945 Apr 10
-			 2:00	Poland	EE%sT	1946 Apr  7
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 2:00	-	EET
-
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-21), per Tim Parenti (2014-07-03) and
-# Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Europe/Moscow covers...
-# 01	RU-AD	Adygea, Republic of
-# 05	RU-DA	Dagestan, Republic of
-# 06	RU-IN	Ingushetia, Republic of
-# 07	RU-KB	Kabardino-Balkar Republic
-# 08	RU-KL	Kalmykia, Republic of
-# 09	RU-KC	Karachay-Cherkess Republic
-# 10	RU-KR	Karelia, Republic of
-# 11	RU-KO	Komi Republic
-# 12	RU-ME	Mari El Republic
-# 13	RU-MO	Mordovia, Republic of
-# 15	RU-SE	North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
-# 16	RU-TA	Tatarstan, Republic of
-# 20	RU-CE	Chechen Republic
-# 21	RU-CU	Chuvash Republic
-# 23	RU-KDA	Krasnodar Krai
-# 26	RU-STA	Stavropol Krai
-# 29	RU-ARK	Arkhangelsk Oblast
-# 31	RU-BEL	Belgorod Oblast
-# 32	RU-BRY	Bryansk Oblast
-# 33	RU-VLA	Vladimir Oblast
-# 35	RU-VLG	Vologda Oblast
-# 36	RU-VOR	Voronezh Oblast
-# 37	RU-IVA	Ivanovo Oblast
-# 40	RU-KLU	Kaluga Oblast
-# 44	RU-KOS	Kostroma Oblast
-# 46	RU-KRS	Kursk Oblast
-# 47	RU-LEN	Leningrad Oblast
-# 48	RU-LIP	Lipetsk Oblast
-# 50	RU-MOS	Moscow Oblast
-# 51	RU-MUR	Murmansk Oblast
-# 52	RU-NIZ	Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
-# 53	RU-NGR	Novgorod Oblast
-# 57	RU-ORL	Oryol Oblast
-# 58	RU-PNZ	Penza Oblast
-# 60	RU-PSK	Pskov Oblast
-# 61	RU-ROS	Rostov Oblast
-# 62	RU-RYA	Ryazan Oblast
-# 67	RU-SMO	Smolensk Oblast
-# 68	RU-TAM	Tambov Oblast
-# 69	RU-TVE	Tver Oblast
-# 71	RU-TUL	Tula Oblast
-# 76	RU-YAR	Yaroslavl Oblast
-# 77	RU-MOW	Moscow
-# 78	RU-SPE	Saint Petersburg
-# 83	RU-NEN	Nenets Autonomous Okrug
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-23):
-# The Soviets switched to UT-based time in 1919.  Decree No. 59
-# (1919-02-08) http://istmat.info/node/35567 established UT-based time
-# zones, and Decree No. 147 (1919-03-29) http://istmat.info/node/35854
-# specified a transition date of 1919-07-01, apparently at 00:00 UT.
-# No doubt only the Soviet-controlled regions switched on that date;
-# later transitions to UT-based time in other parts of Russia are
-# taken from what appear to be guesses by Shanks.
-# (Thanks to Alexander Belopolsky for pointers to the decrees.)
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
-# 11. Regions-violators, 1981-1982.
-# Wikipedia refers to
-# http://maps.monetonos.ru/maps/raznoe/Old_Maps/Old_Maps/Articles/022/3_1981.html
-# http://besp.narod.ru/nauka_1981_3.htm
-#
-# The second link provides two articles scanned from the Nauka i Zhizn
-# magazine No. 3, 1981 and a scan of the short article attributed to
-# the Trud newspaper from February 1982.  The first link provides the
-# same Nauka i Zhizn articles converted to the text form (but misses
-# time belt changes map).
-#
-# The second Nauka i Zhizn article says that in addition to
-# introduction of summer time on 1981-04-01 there are some time belt
-# border changes on 1981-10-01, mostly affecting Nenets Autonomous
-# Okrug, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Magadan Oblast and Chukotka
-# according to the provided map (colored one).  In addition to that
-# "time violators" (regions which were not using rules of the time
-# belts in which they were located) would not be moving off the DST on
-# 1981-10-01 to restore the decree time usage.  (Komi ASSR was
-# supposed to repeat that move in October 1982 to account for the 2
-# hour difference.)  Map depicting "time violators" before 1981-10-01
-# is also provided.
-#
-# The article from Trud says that 1981-10-01 changes caused problems
-# and some territories would be moved to pre-1981-10-01 time by not
-# moving to summer time on 1982-04-01.  Namely: Dagestan,
-# Kabardino-Balkar, Kalmyk, Komi, Mari, Mordovian, North Ossetian,
-# Tatar, Chechen-Ingush and Chuvash ASSR, Krasnodar and Stavropol
-# krais, Arkhangelsk, Vladimir, Vologda, Voronezh, Gorky, Ivanovo,
-# Kostroma, Lipetsk, Penza, Rostov, Ryazan, Tambov, Tyumen and
-# Yaroslavl oblasts, Nenets and Evenk autonomous okrugs, Khatangsky
-# district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug.  As a result Evenk Autonomous
-# Okrug and Khatangsky district of Taymyr Autonomous Okrug would end
-# up on Moscow+4, Tyumen Oblast on Moscow+2 and the rest on Moscow
-# time.
-#
-# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
-# attributes the 1982 changes to the Act of the Council of Ministers
-# of the USSR No. 126 from 18.02.1982.  1980-925.txt also adds
-# Udmurtia to the list of affected territories and lists Khatangsky
-# district separately from Taymyr Autonomous Okrug.  Probably erroneously.
-#
-# The affected territories are currently listed under Europe/Moscow,
-# Asia/Yekaterinburg and Asia/Krasnoyarsk.
-#
-# 12. Udmurtia
-# The fact that Udmurtia is depicted as a violator in the Nauka i
-# Zhizn article hints at Izhevsk being on different time from
-# Kuybyshev before 1981-10-01. Udmurtia is not mentioned in the 1989 act.
-# http://astrozet.net/files/Zones/DOC/RU/1980-925.txt
-# implies Udmurtia was on Moscow time after 1982-04-01.
-# Wikipedia implies Udmurtia being on Moscow+1 until 1991.
-#
-# ...
-#
-# All Russian zones are supposed to have by default a -1 change at
-# 1991-03-31 2:00 (cancellation of the decree time in the USSR) and a +1
-# change at 1992-01-19 2:00 (restoration of the decree time in Russia).
-#
-# There were some exceptions, though.
-# Wikipedia says newspapers listed Astrakhan, Saratov, Kirov, Volgograd,
-# Izhevsk, Grozny, Kazan and Samara as such exceptions for the 1992
-# change. (Different newspapers providing different lists. And some
-# lists found in the internet are quite wild.)
-#
-# And apparently some exceptions were reverted in the last moment.
-# http://www.kaliningradka.ru/site_pc/cherez/index.php?ELEMENT_ID=40091
-# says that Kaliningrad decided not to be an exception 2 days before the
-# 1991-03-31 switch and one person at
-# https://izhevsk.ru/forum_light_message/50/682597-m8369040.html
-# says he remembers that Samara opted out of the 1992-01-19 exception
-# 2 days before the switch.
-#
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# Given the above, we appear to be missing some Zone entries for the
-# chaotic early 1980s in Russia.  It's not clear what these entries
-# should be.  For now, sweep this under the rug and just document the
-# time in Moscow.
-
-# From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
-# LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
-# Observatory (coordinates: 55° 45' 29.70", 37° 34' 05.30")....
-# LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
-# (The info is from the book by Byalokoz ... p. 18.)
-# The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia was defined by
-# Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg.  In 1916 LMT Moscow
-# was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
-# coordinates: 59° 46' 18.70", 30° 19' 40.70") so 30° 19' 40.70" >
-# 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19.  LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
-# 2:31:19 ...
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
-# Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
-# Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
-# Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
-# Russian and French.  This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
-
-Zone Europe/Moscow	 2:30:17 -	LMT	1880
-			 2:30:17 -	MMT	1916 Jul  3 # Moscow Mean Time
-			 2:31:19 Russia	%s	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
-			 3:00	Russia	%s	1921 Oct
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1922 Oct
-			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	EE%sT	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	MSK
-
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-06):
-# Europe/Simferopol covers Crimea.
-
-Zone Europe/Simferopol	 2:16:24 -	LMT	1880
-			 2:16	-	SMT	1924 May  2 # Simferopol Mean T
-			 2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
-			 3:00	-	MSK	1941 Nov
-			 1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Apr 13
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
-			 3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1  2:00
-			 2:00	-	EET	1992
-# Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
-# from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
-# Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
-# sometime between the 1994 DST switches.  Shanks & Pottenger simply say
-# 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right.  For now, guess it
-# changed in May.
-			 2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1994 May
-# From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
-			 3:00	E-Eur	MSK/MSD	1996 Mar 31  0:00s
-			 3:00	1:00	MSD	1996 Oct 27  3:00s
-# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
-# Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
-			 3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1997
-			 3:00	-	MSK	1997 Mar lastSun  1:00u
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
-# time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
-# https://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
-# Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
-# late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
-# and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
-			 2:00	EU	EE%sT	2014 Mar 30  2:00
-			 4:00	-	MSK	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	MSK
-
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# Europe/Astrakhan covers:
-# 30	RU-AST	Astrakhan Oblast
-#
-# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-12):
-# On February 10, 2016 Astrakhan Oblast got approval by the Federation
-# Council to change its time zone to UTC+4 (from current UTC+3 Moscow time)....
-# This Federal Law shall enter into force on 27 March 2016 at 02:00.
-# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201602150056
-
-Zone Europe/Astrakhan	 3:12:12 -	LMT	1924 May
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
-# Europe/Volgograd covers:
-# 34	RU-VGG	Volgograd Oblast
-# The 1988 transition is from USSR act No. 5 (1988-01-04).
-
-# From Alexander Fetisov (2018-09-20):
-# Volgograd region in southern Russia (Europe/Volgograd) change
-# timezone from UTC+3 to UTC+4 from 28oct2018.
-# http://sozd.parliament.gov.ru/bill/452878-7
-#
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2018-10-11):
-# The law has been published today on
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201810110037
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2020-11-27):
-# The State Duma approved (Nov 24, 2020) the transition of the Volgograd
-# region to the Moscow time zone....
-# https://sozd.duma.gov.ru/bill/1012130-7
-#
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2020-12-05):
-# Currently proposed text for the second reading (expected on December 8) ...
-# changes the date to December 27. https://v1.ru/text/gorod/2020/12/04/69601031/
-#
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2020-12-22):
-# The law was published today on
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001202012220002
-
-Zone Europe/Volgograd	 2:57:40 -	LMT	1920 Jan  3
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	-	+04	1961 Nov 11
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1988 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03	2018 Oct 28  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	2020 Dec 27  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-11-11):
-# Europe/Saratov covers:
-# 64	RU-SAR	Saratov Oblast
-
-# From Yuri Konotopov (2016-11-11):
-# Dec 4, 2016 02:00 UTC+3....  Saratov Region's local time will be ... UTC+4.
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-11):
-# ... Byalokoz listed Saratov on 03:04:18.
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-11-22):
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201611220031
-
-Zone Europe/Saratov	 3:04:18 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1988 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03	2016 Dec  4  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# Europe/Kirov covers:
-# 43	RU-KIR	Kirov Oblast
-# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-#
-Zone Europe/Kirov	 3:18:48 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	1992 Mar 29  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Europe/Samara covers...
-# 18	RU-UD	Udmurt Republic
-# 63	RU-SAM	Samara Oblast
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Samara was 3:20:20.
-# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-
-Zone Europe/Samara	 3:20:20 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	-	+04	1935 Jan 27
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	+02/+03	1991 Sep 29  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03	1991 Oct 20  3:00
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# Europe/Ulyanovsk covers:
-# 73	RU-ULY	Ulyanovsk Oblast
-
-# The 1989 transition is from USSR act No. 227 (1989-03-14).
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
-# Ulyanovsk ... on their way to change time zones by March 27, 2016 at 2am.
-# Ulyanovsk Oblast ... from MSK to MSK+1 (UTC+3 to UTC+4) ...
-# 920582-6 ... 02/17/2016 The State Duma passed the bill in the first reading.
-# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090051
-
-Zone Europe/Ulyanovsk	 3:13:36 -	LMT	1919 Jul  1  0:00u
-			 3:00	-	+03	1930 Jun 21
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1989 Mar 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 2:00	Russia	+02/+03	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 3:00	Russia	+03/+04	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 3:00	-	+03	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 4:00	-	+04
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
-# 02	RU-BA	Bashkortostan, Republic of
-# 90	RU-PER	Perm Krai
-# 45	RU-KGN	Kurgan Oblast
-# 56	RU-ORE	Orenburg Oblast
-# 66	RU-SVE	Sverdlovsk Oblast
-# 72	RU-TYU	Tyumen Oblast
-# 74	RU-CHE	Chelyabinsk Oblast
-# 86	RU-KHM	Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
-# 89	RU-YAN	Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
-#
-# Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
-# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
-
-# Milne says Yekaterinburg was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
-# Byalokoz 1919 says its provincial time was based on Perm, at 3:45:05.
-# Assume it switched on 1916-07-03, the time of the new standard.
-# The 1919 and 1930 transitions are from Shanks.
-
-Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg	 4:02:33 -	LMT	1916 Jul  3
-			 3:45:05 -	PMT	1919 Jul 15  4:00
-			 4:00	-	+04	1930 Jun 21
-			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 4:00	Russia	+04/+05	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	+06	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 5:00	-	+05
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Asia/Omsk covers...
-# 55	RU-OMS	Omsk Oblast
-
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Omsk was 4:53:30.
-
-Zone Asia/Omsk		 4:53:30 -	LMT	1919 Nov 14
-			 5:00	-	+05	1930 Jun 21
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 5:00	Russia	+05/+06	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	+06
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-02-22):
-# Asia/Barnaul covers:
-# 04	RU-AL	Altai Republic
-# 22	RU-ALT	Altai Krai
-
-# Data before 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger.
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-07):
-# Letter of Bank of Russia from 1995-05-25
-# http://www.bestpravo.ru/rossijskoje/lj-akty/y3a.htm
-# suggests that Altai Republic transitioned to Moscow+3 on
-# 1995-05-28.
-#
-# https://regnum.ru/news/society/1957270.html
-# has some historical data for Altai Krai:
-# before 1957: west part on UT+6, east on UT+7
-# after 1957: UT+7
-# since 1995: UT+6
-# http://barnaul.rusplt.ru/index/pochemu_altajskij_kraj_okazalsja_v_neprivychnom_chasovom_pojase-17648.html
-# confirms that and provides more details including 1995-05-28 transition date.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-02-17):
-# Altai Krai and Altai Republic on their way to change time zones
-# by March 27, 2016 at 2am....
-# Altai Republic / Gorno-Altaysk MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7) ...
-# Altai Krai / Barnaul MSK+3 to MSK+4 (UTC+6 to UTC+7)
-# From Matt Johnson (2016-03-09):
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090043
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090038
-
-Zone Asia/Barnaul	 5:35:00 -	LMT	1919 Dec 10
-			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1995 May 28
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	+06	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# Asia/Novosibirsk covers:
-# 54	RU-NVS	Novosibirsk Oblast
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-05-30):
-# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(Spravka)?OpenAgent&RN=1085784-6
-# moves Novosibirsk oblast from UTC+6 to UTC+7.
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-07-04):
-# The law was signed yesterday and published today on
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201607040064
-
-Zone Asia/Novosibirsk	 5:31:40 -	LMT	1919 Dec 14  6:00
-			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	+06	2016 Jul 24  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# Asia/Tomsk covers:
-# 70	RU-TOM	Tomsk Oblast
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-24):
-# Byalokoz listed Tomsk at 5:39:51.
-
-# From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29):
-# Tomsk is still 4 hours ahead of Moscow.
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-03-19):
-# http://pravo.gov.ru/proxy/ips/?docbody=&nd=102075743
-# (fifth time belt being UTC+5+1(decree time)
-# / UTC+5+1(decree time)+1(summer time)) ...
-# Note that time belts (numbered from 2 (Moscow) to 12 according to their
-# GMT/UTC offset and having too many exceptions like regions formally
-# belonging to one belt but using time from another) were replaced
-# with time zones in 2011 with different numbering (there was a
-# 2-hour gap between second and third zones in 2011-2014).
-
-# From Stepan Golosunov (2016-04-12):
-# http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/(SpravkaNew)?OpenAgent&RN=1006865-6
-# This bill was approved in the first reading today.  It moves Tomsk oblast
-# from UTC+6 to UTC+7 and is supposed to come into effect on 2016-05-29 at
-# 2:00.  The bill needs to be approved in the second and the third readings by
-# the State Duma, approved by the Federation Council, signed by the President
-# and published to become a law.  Minor changes in the text are to be expected
-# before the second reading (references need to be updated to account for the
-# recent changes).
-#
-# Judging by the ultra-short one-day amendments period, recent similar laws,
-# the State Duma schedule and the Federation Council schedule
-# http://www.duma.gov.ru/legislative/planning/day-shedule/por_vesna_2016/
-# http://council.gov.ru/activity/meetings/schedule/63303
-# I speculate that the final text of the bill will be proposed tomorrow, the
-# bill will be approved in the second and the third readings on Friday,
-# approved by the Federation Council on 2016-04-20, signed by the President and
-# published as a law around 2016-04-26.
-
-# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-26):
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604260048
-
-Zone	Asia/Tomsk	 5:39:51 -	LMT	1919 Dec 22
-			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2002 May  1  3:00
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 6:00	-	+06	2016 May 29  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
-# 42	RU-KEM	Kemerovo Oblast
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
-# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
-# March 28, 2010:
-# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
-# to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600
-#
-# This is according to Government of Russia decree No. 740, on September
-# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
-# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
-#
-# Russian Government web site (Russian language)
-# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
-# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
-# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
-#
-# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
-# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
-# The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
-# realigning itself with KRAT.
-
-Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk	 5:48:48 -	LMT	1924 May  1
-			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
-# 17	RU-TY	Tuva Republic
-# 19	RU-KK	Khakassia, Republic of
-# 24	RU-KYA	Krasnoyarsk Krai
-#
-# Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
-# Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
-
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Krasnoyarsk was 6:11:26.
-
-Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk	 6:11:26 -	LMT	1920 Jan  6
-			 6:00	-	+06	1930 Jun 21
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 6:00	Russia	+06/+07	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	+08	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 7:00	-	+07
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Asia/Irkutsk covers...
-# 03	RU-BU	Buryatia, Republic of
-# 38	RU-IRK	Irkutsk Oblast
-#
-# Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
-# merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
-
-# Milne 1899 says Irkutsk was 6:57:15.
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Irkutsk was 6:57:05.
-# Go with Byalokoz.
-
-Zone Asia/Irkutsk	 6:57:05 -	LMT	1880
-			 6:57:05 -	IMT	1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
-			 7:00	-	+07	1930 Jun 21
-			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 7:00	Russia	+07/+08	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	+09	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	+08
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
-# Asia/Chita covers...
-# 92	RU-ZAB	Zabaykalsky Krai
-#
-# Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
-# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-01-02):
-# [The] time zone in the Trans-Baikal Territory (Zabaykalsky Krai) -
-# Asia/Chita [is changing] from UTC+8 to UTC+9.  Effective date will
-# be March 27, 2016 at 2:00am....
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201512300107
-
-Zone Asia/Chita	 7:33:52 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 8:00	-	+08	2016 Mar 27  2:00
-			 9:00	-	+09
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# Asia/Yakutsk covers...
-# 28	RU-AMU	Amur Oblast
-#
-# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
-# 14-02	****	Aldansky District
-# 14-04	****	Amginsky District
-# 14-05	****	Anabarsky District
-# 14-06	****	Bulunsky District
-# 14-07	****	Verkhnevilyuysky District
-# 14-10	****	Vilyuysky District
-# 14-11	****	Gorny District
-# 14-12	****	Zhigansky District
-# 14-13	****	Kobyaysky District
-# 14-14	****	Lensky District
-# 14-15	****	Megino-Kangalassky District
-# 14-16	****	Mirninsky District
-# 14-18	****	Namsky District
-# 14-19	****	Neryungrinsky District
-# 14-21	****	Nyurbinsky District
-# 14-23	****	Olenyoksky District
-# 14-24	****	Olyokminsky District
-# 14-26	****	Suntarsky District
-# 14-27	****	Tattinsky District
-# 14-29	****	Ust-Aldansky District
-# 14-32	****	Khangalassky District
-# 14-33	****	Churapchinsky District
-# 14-34	****	Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
-# Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
-# Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
-
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Yakutsk was 8:38:58.
-
-Zone Asia/Yakutsk	 8:38:58 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	+09
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# Asia/Vladivostok covers...
-# 25	RU-PRI	Primorsky Krai
-# 27	RU-KHA	Khabarovsk Krai
-# 79	RU-YEV	Jewish Autonomous Oblast
-#
-# ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
-# 14-09	****	Verkhoyansky District
-# 14-31	****	Ust-Yansky District
-
-# Milne 1899 says Vladivostok was 8:47:33.5.
-# Byalokoz 1919 says Vladivostok was 8:47:31.
-# Go with Byalokoz.
-
-Zone Asia/Vladivostok	 8:47:31 -	LMT	1922 Nov 15
-			 9:00	-	+09	1930 Jun 21
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
-# 14-28	****	Tomponsky District
-# 14-30	****	Ust-Maysky District
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
-# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
-# in 2011.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
-# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
-# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
-# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
-
-Zone Asia/Khandyga	 9:02:13 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			 8:00	Russia	+08/+09	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	2004
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
-			10:00	-	+10	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			 9:00	-	+09
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Asia/Sakhalin covers...
-# 65	RU-SAK	Sakhalin Oblast
-# ...with the exception of:
-# 65-11	****	Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
-
-# From Matt Johnson (2016-02-22):
-# Asia/Sakhalin is moving (in entirety) from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
-# (2016-03-09):
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201603090044
-
-# The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
-Zone Asia/Sakhalin	 9:30:48 -	LMT	1905 Aug 23
-			 9:00	-	+09	1945 Aug 25
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s # Sakhalin T
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1997 Mar lastSun  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10	2016 Mar 27  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
-# Asia/Magadan covers...
-# 49	RU-MAG	Magadan Oblast
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
-# Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
-# several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
-# the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
-# until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11.  These regions will
-# need their own zone.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-03-27):
-# ... draft bill 948300-6 to change its time zone from UTC+10 to UTC+11 ...
-# will take ... effect ... on April 24, 2016 at 2 o'clock
-#
-# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-05):
-# ... signed by the President today ...
-# http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/Document/View/0001201604050038
-
-Zone Asia/Magadan	10:03:12 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			10:00	-	+10	1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	+12	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10	2016 Apr 24  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
-# Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
-# 14-01	****	Abyysky District
-# 14-03	****	Allaikhovsky District
-# 14-08	****	Verkhnekolymsky District
-# 14-17	****	Momsky District
-# 14-20	****	Nizhnekolymsky District
-# 14-25	****	Srednekolymsky District
-#
-# ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
-# 65-11	****	Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
-# Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
-# most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
-# 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
-# of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
-# Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
-# Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
-# There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
-# Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
-#
-# Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
-# districts, but have very similar populations.  In fact, Wikipedia currently
-# lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
-# each!  (Yikes!)
-# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
-# https://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
-# Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
-#
-# Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
-# fluctuated recently.  Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
-# 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
-# recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170.  (See pages 195 and 197 of
-# http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
-# in Russian.)  In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
-# settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
-# Go with Srednekolymsk.
-
-Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk	10:14:52 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			10:00	-	+10	1930 Jun 21
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	+12	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			11:00	-	+11
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
-# 14-22	****	Oymyakonsky District
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
-# Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
-# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
-# It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
-# as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
-# Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
-# UTC+12 since at least then, too.
-
-Zone Asia/Ust-Nera	 9:32:54 -	LMT	1919 Dec 15
-			 8:00	-	+08	1930 Jun 21
-			 9:00	Russia	+09/+10	1981 Apr  1
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			10:00	Russia	+10/+11	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	+12	2011 Sep 13  0:00s # Decree 725?
-			11:00	-	+11	2014 Oct 26  2:00s
-			10:00	-	+10
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
-# Asia/Kamchatka covers...
-# 91	RU-KAM	Kamchatka Krai
-#
-# Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
-# Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
-
-# The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
-# Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
-Zone Asia/Kamchatka	10:34:36 -	LMT	1922 Nov 10
-			11:00	-	+11	1930 Jun 21
-			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	+12
-
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
-# Asia/Anadyr covers...
-# 87	RU-CHU	Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
-
-Zone Asia/Anadyr	11:49:56 -	LMT	1924 May  2
-			12:00	-	+12	1930 Jun 21
-			13:00	Russia	+13/+14	1982 Apr  1  0:00s
-			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	1991 Mar 31  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	1992 Jan 19  2:00s
-			12:00	Russia	+12/+13	2010 Mar 28  2:00s
-			11:00	Russia	+11/+12	2011 Mar 27  2:00s
-			12:00	-	+12
-
-
-# San Marino
-# See Europe/Rome.
-
-# Serbia
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Belgrade	1:22:00	-	LMT	1884
-			1:00	-	CET	1941 Apr 18 23:00
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1945
-			1:00	-	CET	1945 May  8  2:00s
-			1:00	1:00	CEST	1945 Sep 16  2:00s
-# Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
-# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
-# Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
-			1:00	-	CET	1982 Nov 27
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana	# Slovenia
-Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica	# Montenegro
-Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo	# Bosnia and Herzegovina
-Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje	# North Macedonia
-Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb	# Croatia
-
-# Slovakia
-Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava
-
-# Slovenia
-# See Europe/Belgrade.
-
-# Spain
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-14):
-#
-# The source for Europe/Madrid before 2013 is:
-# Planesas P. La hora oficial en España y sus cambios.
-# Anuario del Observatorio Astronómico de Madrid (2013, in Spanish).
-# http://astronomia.ign.es/rknowsys-theme/images/webAstro/paginas/documentos/Anuario/lahoraoficialenespana.pdf
-# As this source says that historical time in the Canaries is obscure,
-# and it does not discuss Ceuta, stick with Shanks for now for that data.
-#
-# In the 1918 and 1919 fallback transitions in Spain, the clock for
-# the hour-longer day officially kept going after midnight, so that
-# the repeated instances of that day's 00:00 hour were 24 hours apart,
-# with a fallback transition from the second occurrence of 00:59... to
-# the next day's 00:00.  Our data format cannot represent this
-# directly, and instead repeats the first hour of the next day, with a
-# fallback transition from the next day's 00:59... to 00:00.
-
-# From Michael Deckers (2016-12-15):
-# The Royal Decree of 1900-07-26 quoted by Planesas, online at
-# https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1900/209/A00383-00384.pdf
-# says in its article 5 (my translation):
-# These dispositions will enter into force beginning with the
-# instant at which, according to the time indicated in article 1,
-# the 1st day of January of 1901 will begin.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Spain	1918	only	-	Apr	15	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1918	1919	-	Oct	 6	24:00s	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1919	only	-	Apr	 6	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Apr	16	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1924	only	-	Oct	 4	24:00s	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1926	only	-	Apr	17	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1926	1929	-	Oct	Sat>=1	24:00s	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1927	only	-	Apr	 9	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1928	only	-	Apr	15	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1929	only	-	Apr	20	23:00	1:00	S
-# Republican Spain during the civil war; it controlled Madrid until 1939-03-28.
-Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	Jun	16	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1937	only	-	Oct	 2	24:00s	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	2:00	M
-Rule	Spain	1938	only	-	Oct	 2	24:00	1:00	S
-# The following rules are for unified Spain again.
-#
-# Planesas does not say what happened in Madrid between its fall on
-# 1939-03-28 and the Nationalist spring-forward transition on
-# 1939-04-15.  For lack of better info, assume Madrid's clocks did not
-# change during that period.
-#
-# The first rule is commented out, as it is redundant for Republican Spain.
-#Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Apr	15	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1939	only	-	Oct	 7	24:00s	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	May	 2	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1942	only	-	Sep	 1	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1943	1946	-	Apr	Sat>=13	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1943	1944	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1945	1946	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Apr	30	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1949	only	-	Oct	 2	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Apr	Sat>=12	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1974	1975	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1976	only	-	Mar	27	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1976	1977	-	Sep	lastSun	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Spain	1977	only	-	Apr	 2	23:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1978	only	-	Apr	 2	 2:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Spain	1978	only	-	Oct	 1	 2:00s	0	-
-# Nationalist Spain during the civil war
-#Rule NatSpain	1937	only	-	May	22	23:00	1:00	S
-#Rule NatSpain	1937	1938	-	Oct	Sat>=1	24:00s	0	-
-#Rule NatSpain	1938	only	-	Mar	26	23:00	1:00	S
-# The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978,
-# except with "S" letters.
-Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Jun	 3	12:00	1:00	S
-Rule SpainAfrica 1967	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Jun	24	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule SpainAfrica 1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule SpainAfrica 1976	1977	-	May	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule SpainAfrica 1976	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule SpainAfrica 1977	only	-	Sep	28	 0:00	0	-
-Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Jun	 1	 0:00	1:00	S
-Rule SpainAfrica 1978	only	-	Aug	 4	 0:00	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Madrid	-0:14:44 -	LMT	1900 Dec 31 23:45:16
-			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1940 Mar 16 23:00
-			 1:00	Spain	CE%sT	1979
-			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
-Zone	Africa/Ceuta	-0:21:16 -	LMT	1900 Dec 31 23:38:44
-			 0:00	-	WET	1918 May  6 23:00
-			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1918 Oct  7 23:00
-			 0:00	-	WET	1924
-			 0:00	Spain	WE%sT	1929
-			 0:00	-	WET	1967 # Help zishrink.awk.
-			 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT	1984 Mar 16
-			 1:00	-	CET	1986
-			 1:00	EU	CE%sT
-Zone	Atlantic/Canary	-1:01:36 -	LMT	1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C.
-			-1:00	-	-01	1946 Sep 30  1:00
-			 0:00	-	WET	1980 Apr  6  0:00s
-			 0:00	1:00	WEST	1980 Sep 28  1:00u
-			 0:00	EU	WE%sT
-# IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u.
-# Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU.
-
-# Sweden
-
-# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
-#
-# The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
-# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
-# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
-# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
-# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm".  The law is dated 1878-05-31.
-#
-# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18° 03' 30"
-# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time.  Less 12 minutes gives the
-# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
-#
-# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
-# författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
-# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
-# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
-# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
-# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
-# 1899-06-16.  In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
-# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
-#
-# 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
-# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
-# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
-# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
-#
-# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
-# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
-# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
-# in Swedish):  (type
-# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
-# the Sök-button).
-#
-# (2001-05-13):
-#
-# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
-# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
-# 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time.  The article also reports that some
-# people thought the switch to standard time would take place already
-# at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another
-# hour before the event took place.
-#
-# Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Europe/Stockholm	1:12:12 -	LMT	1879 Jan  1
-			1:00:14	-	SET	1900 Jan  1 # Swedish Time
-			1:00	-	CET	1916 May 14 23:00
-			1:00	1:00	CEST	1916 Oct  1  1:00
-			1:00	-	CET	1980
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Switzerland
-# From Howse:
-# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
-# and their performance improved enormously.  Communities began to keep
-# mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
-# Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Nov	 2	0:00	1:00	S
-# Rule	Swiss	1940	only	-	Dec	31	0:00	0	-
-# From Shanks & Pottenger:
-# Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
-# Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
-
-# From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17):
-# I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies.
-#
-# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
-# to be wrong. This is now verified.
-#
-# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
-# government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
-# federal law collection)...
-#
-# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
-# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
-#
-# DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am
-# DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am
-#
-# There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully.
-# It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law
-# collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any
-# other years are made.
-#
-# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
-# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
-# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
-# a thing had happened in Switzerland.
-#
-# I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de
-# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
-# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
-# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
-#
-# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
-# Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       May     Mon>=1  1:00    1:00    S
-# Rule  Swiss   1941    1942    -       Oct     Mon>=1  2:00    0       -
-#
-# The 1940 rules must be deleted.
-#
-# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
-# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
-# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
-# the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
-# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
-# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
-#
-# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
-# The Federal regulations say
-# https://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
-# ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7° 26' 22.50".
-# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
-
-# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
-# the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893)
-# http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353
-# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
-# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
-# hour before the beginning of service.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11):
-# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
-#
-# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
-# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12.  This book:
-#
-#	Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
-#	Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
-#	ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
-#
-# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
-# agree about civil time during the transition.  The timekeeping it gives the
-# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
-# "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
-# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
-# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859).  On p 72 Messerli writes that in
-# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
-# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
-# (Google translation).  For now, model this transition as occurring on
-# 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and
-# legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	May	Mon>=1	1:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Swiss	1941	1942	-	Oct	Mon>=1	2:00	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Zurich	0:34:08 -	LMT	1853 Jul 16 # See above comment.
-			0:29:46	-	BMT	1894 Jun    # Bern Mean Time
-			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981
-			1:00	EU	CE%sT
-
-# Turkey
-
-# From Alois Treindl (2019-08-12):
-# http://www.astrolojidergisi.com/yazsaati.htm has researched the time zone
-# history of Turkey, based on newspaper archives and official documents.
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28):
-# That source (Oya Vulaş, "Türkiye'de Yaz Saati Uygulamaları")
-# is used for 1940/1972, where it seems more reliable than our other
-# sources.
-
-# From Kıvanç Yazan (2019-08-12):
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14539.pdf#page=24
-# 1973-06-03 01:00 -> 02:00, 1973-11-04 02:00 -> 01:00
-#
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/14829.pdf#page=1
-# 1974-03-31 02:00 -> 03:00, 1974-11-03 02:00 -> 01:00
-#
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15161.pdf#page=1
-# 1975-03-22 02:00 -> 03:00, 1975-11-02 02:00 -> 01:00
-#
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15535_1.pdf#page=1
-# 1976-03-21 02:00 -> 03:00, 1976-10-31 02:00 -> 01:00
-#
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/15778.pdf#page=5
-# 1977-04-03 02:00 -> 03:00, 1977-10-16 02:00 -> 01:00,
-# 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below)
-# 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below)
-# 1979-04-01 02:00 -> 03:00 (not applied, see below)
-# 1979-10-14 02:00 -> 01:00 (not applied, see below)
-#
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16245.pdf#page=17
-# This cancels the previous decision, and repeats it only for 1978.
-# 1978-04-02 02:00 -> 03:00, 1978-10-15 02:00 -> 01:00
-# (not applied due to standard TZ change below)
-#
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/16331.pdf#page=3
-# This decision changes the default longitude for Turkish time zone from 30
-# degrees East to 45 degrees East.  This means a standard TZ change, from +2
-# to +3.  This is published & applied on 1978-06-29.  At that time, Turkey was
-# already on summer time (already on 45E).  Hence, this new law just meant an
-# "continuous summer time".  Note that this was reversed in a few years.
-#
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18119_1.pdf#page=1
-# 1983-07-31 02:00 -> 03:00 (note that this jumps TZ to +4)
-# 1983-10-02 02:00 -> 01:00 (back to +3)
-#
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18561.pdf (page 1 and 34)
-# At this time, Turkey is still on +3 with no spring-forward on early
-# 1984.  This decision is published on 10/31/1984.  Page 1 declares
-# the decision of reverting the "default longitude change".  So the
-# standard time should go back to +3 (30E).  And page 34 explains when
-# that will happen: 1984-11-01 02:00 -> 01:00.  You can think of this
-# as "end of continuous summer time, change of standard time zone".
-#
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/18713.pdf#page=1
-# 1985-04-20 01:00 -> 02:00, 1985-09-28 02:00 -> 01:00
-
-# From Kıvanç Yazan (2016-09-25):
-# 1) For 1986-2006, DST started at 01:00 local and ended at 02:00 local, with
-#    no exceptions.
-# 2) 1994's lastSun was overridden with Mar 20 ...
-# Here are official papers:
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19032.pdf#page=2 for 1986
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19400.pdf#page=4 for 1987
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/19752.pdf#page=15 for 1988
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20102.pdf#page=6 for 1989
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/20464.pdf#page=1 for 1990 - 1992
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21531.pdf#page=15 for 1993 - 1995
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/21879.pdf#page=1 for overriding 1994
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/22588.pdf#page=1 for 1996, 1997
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/23286.pdf#page=10 for 1998 - 2000
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324.htm#2  - for 2001
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2002/03/20020316.htm#2  - for 2002-2006
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-25):
-# Prefer the above sources to Shanks & Pottenger for timestamps after 1985.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09):
-# Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC
-# start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07):
-# http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp
-# The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...:
-# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
-# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
-# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
-# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
-
-# From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
-# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
-# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
-# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
-# https://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
-# Turkish:
-# https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-bir-gun-ileri-alindi-17230464
-
-# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
-# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
-# Turkish Local election....
-# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
-# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
-# From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
-# Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
-# I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
-# change delay.  Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
-# The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
-# change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not.  See:
-# Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
-# http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
-# I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
-
-# From Fatih (2015-09-29):
-# It's officially announced now by the Ministry of Energy.
-# Turkey delays winter time to 8th of November 04:00
-# http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/turkiye/yaz-saati-uygulamasi-8-kasimda-sona-erecek/362217
-#
-# From BBC News (2015-10-25):
-# Confused Turks are asking "what's the time?" after automatic clocks defied a
-# government decision ... "For the next two weeks #Turkey is on EEST... Erdogan
-# Engineered Standard Time," said Twitter user @aysekarahasan.
-# http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34631326
-
-# From Burak AYDIN (2016-09-08):
-# Turkey will stay in Daylight Saving Time even in winter....
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2016/09/20160908-2.pdf
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-09-07):
-# The change is permanent, so this is the new standard time in Turkey.
-# It takes effect today, which is not much notice.
-
-# From Kıvanç Yazan (2017-10-28):
-# Turkey will go back to Daylight Saving Time starting 2018-10.
-# http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2017/10/20171028-5.pdf
-#
-# From Even Scharning (2017-11-08):
-# ... today it was announced that the DST will become "continuous":
-# http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/son-dakika-yaz-saati-uygulamasi-surekli-hale-geldi-40637482
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-11-08):
-# Although Google Translate misfires on that source, it looks like
-# Turkey reversed last month's decision, and so will stay at +03.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Mar	28	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1920	only	-	Oct	25	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Apr	 3	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1921	only	-	Oct	 3	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Mar	26	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1922	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
-# Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Turkey	1924	only	-	May	13	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1924	1925	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1925	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1940	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1941	only	-	Sep	21	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1942	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1945	only	-	Oct	 8	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1947	1948	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1947	1951	-	Oct	Sun>=2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1949	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1950	only	-	Apr	16	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1951	only	-	Apr	22	0:00	1:00	S
-# DST for 15 months; unusual but we'll let it pass.
-Rule	Turkey	1962	only	-	Jul	15	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1963	only	-	Oct	30	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	May	15	0:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1964	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1973	only	-	Jun	 3	1:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1973	1976	-	Oct	Sun>=31	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1974	only	-	Mar	31	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1975	only	-	Mar	22	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1976	only	-	Mar	21	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1977	1978	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1977	1978	-	Oct	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1978	only	-	Jun	29	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Jul	31	2:00	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1983	only	-	Oct	 2	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Apr	20	1:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1985	only	-	Sep	28	1:00s	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1986	1993	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1986	1995	-	Sep	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
-Rule	Turkey	1994	only	-	Mar	20	1:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1995	2006	-	Mar	lastSun	1:00s	1:00	S
-Rule	Turkey	1996	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	Europe/Istanbul	1:55:52 -	LMT	1880
-			1:56:56	-	IMT	1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time?
-			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	1978 Jun 29
-			3:00	Turkey	+03/+04	1984 Nov  1  2:00
-			2:00	Turkey	EE%sT	2007
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2011 Mar 27  1:00u
-			2:00	-	EET	2011 Mar 28  1:00u
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2014 Mar 30  1:00u
-			2:00	-	EET	2014 Mar 31  1:00u
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2015 Oct 25  1:00u
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	2015 Nov  8  1:00u
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT	2016 Sep  7
-			3:00	-	+03
-Link	Europe/Istanbul	Asia/Istanbul	# Istanbul is in both continents.
-
-# Ukraine
-#
-# From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice,
-# via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27):
-# BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government
-# regulations No. 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says:
-# "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday
-# of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of
-# October the time at 4am is changing to 3am"
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20):
-# On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to
-# abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
-#
-# Bill No. 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
-# approval from 266 deputies.
-#
-# Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
-# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
-#
-# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
-# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
-#
-# Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian)
-# https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/
-#
-# From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18):
-# Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the
-# Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter
-# time this year after all.
-#
-# From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18):
-# As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone
-# (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar
-# to Russia) was reverted today:
-# http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995
-#
-# Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted:
-# The law documents themselves are at
-# http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484
-
-# From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28):
-# First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST:
-#       03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1       Time Zone 3 with DST
-#       07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1       Time Zone 2 with DST
-# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134.
-# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html
-#
-# They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law,
-# "summer time" was still in action):
-#       09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1       Time Zone 2 with DST
-# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272.
-# http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html
-#
-# Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action):
-#       03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1       Time Zone 2 with DST
-#
-# DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended):
-#       09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0       Time Zone 2, no DST
-# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225.
-# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm
-# This is an answer.
-#
-# Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure:
-#       03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1       DST started
-#       09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0       DST ended
-# * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139.
-# http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-10-03):
-# As is usual in tzdb, Ukrainian zones use the most common English spellings.
-# For example, tzdb uses Europe/Kiev, as "Kiev" is the most common spelling in
-# English for Ukraine's capital, even though it is certainly wrong as a
-# transliteration of the Ukrainian "Київ".  This is similar to tzdb's use of
-# Europe/Prague, which is certainly wrong as a transliteration of the Czech
-# "Praha".  ("Kiev" came from old Slavic via Russian to English, and "Prague"
-# came from old Slavic via French to English, so the two cases have something
-# in common.)  Admittedly English-language spelling of Ukrainian names is
-# controversial, and some day "Kyiv" may become substantially more popular in
-# English; in the meantime, stick with the traditional English "Kiev" as that
-# means less disruption for our users.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-# This represents most of Ukraine.  See above for the spelling of "Kiev".
-Zone Europe/Kiev	2:02:04 -	LMT	1880
-			2:02:04	-	KMT	1924 May  2 # Kiev Mean Time
-			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
-			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Sep 20
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Nov  6
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990 Jul  1  2:00
-			2:00	1:00	EEST	1991 Sep 29  3:00
-			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT
-# Transcarpathia used CET 1990/1991.
-# "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
-# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
-Zone Europe/Uzhgorod	1:29:12 -	LMT	1890 Oct
-			1:00	-	CET	1940
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1944 Oct
-			1:00	1:00	CEST	1944 Oct 26
-			1:00	-	CET	1945 Jun 29
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1990
-			3:00	-	MSK	1990 Jul  1  2:00
-			1:00	-	CET	1991 Mar 31  3:00
-			2:00	-	EET	1992
-			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT
-# Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991.
-# "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
-# "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English.  Use the common English
-# spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in
-# portable Posix file names.
-Zone Europe/Zaporozhye	2:20:40 -	LMT	1880
-			2:20	-	+0220	1924 May  2
-			2:00	-	EET	1930 Jun 21
-			3:00	-	MSK	1941 Aug 25
-			1:00	C-Eur	CE%sT	1943 Oct 25
-			3:00	Russia	MSK/MSD	1991 Mar 31  2:00
-			2:00	E-Eur	EE%sT	1995
-			2:00	EU	EE%sT
-
-# Vatican City
-# See Europe/Rome.
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from
-# the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986.
-# The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else.
-#
-# According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but
-# uses the WE DST rules.  The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules.
-# Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at
-# 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST).  It also claims that Turkey
-# switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time
-# and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST)
-
-# ...
-# Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100
-# From: Tom Hofmann
-# ...
-#
-# ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when
-# most European countries started DST.  Before that year, only
-# a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according
-# to own national rules.  In 1981, however, DST started on
-# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
-# years...
-# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
-# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
-# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
-# lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
-#
-# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
-# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
-#
-# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
-# 4002 Basle, Switzerland
-# ...
-
-# ...
-# Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100
-# From: Dik T. Winter
-# ...
-#
-# The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct.
-# After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information
-# about DST in Europe.  I was able to find all from about 1969.
-#
-# ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on
-# first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September...
-# In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that
-# the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March.  And from 1982
-# the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in
-# the Sov[i]et Union.  In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch
-# dates...
-#
-# It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g.
-# Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST...
-# Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not
-# all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations
-# occurred, though not since 1982 I believe.  Another note: it is always
-# assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the
-# case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours
-# in advance of normal time.
-#
-# ...
-# dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland
-# ...
-
-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
-# ...
-# Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates).
-# Since 1978.  Change at midnight.
-# ...
-# Monaco: has same DST as France.
-# ...
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/factory b/inst/tzdata/factory
deleted file mode 100644
index 9f5fc330..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/factory
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-# tzdb data for noncommittal factory settings
-
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# For distributors who don't want to specify a timezone in their
-# installation procedures.  Users who run 'date' will get the
-# time zone abbreviation "-00", indicating that the actual time zone
-# is unknown.
-
-# Zone	NAME	STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT
-Zone	Factory	0	-	-00
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/iso3166.tab b/inst/tzdata/iso3166.tab
deleted file mode 100644
index a4ff61a4..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/iso3166.tab
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,274 +0,0 @@
-# ISO 3166 alpha-2 country codes
-#
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-05-02):
-# This file contains a table of two-letter country codes.  Columns are
-# separated by a single tab.  Lines beginning with '#' are comments.
-# All text uses UTF-8 encoding.  The columns of the table are as follows:
-#
-# 1.  ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code, current as of
-#     ISO 3166-1 N976 (2018-11-06).  See: Updates on ISO 3166-1
-#     https://isotc.iso.org/livelink/livelink/Open/16944257
-# 2.  The usual English name for the coded region,
-#     chosen so that alphabetic sorting of subsets produces helpful lists.
-#     This is not the same as the English name in the ISO 3166 tables.
-#
-# The table is sorted by country code.
-#
-# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select time
-# zone data appropriate for their practical needs.  It is not intended
-# to take or endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
-#
-#country-
-#code	name of country, territory, area, or subdivision
-AD	Andorra
-AE	United Arab Emirates
-AF	Afghanistan
-AG	Antigua & Barbuda
-AI	Anguilla
-AL	Albania
-AM	Armenia
-AO	Angola
-AQ	Antarctica
-AR	Argentina
-AS	Samoa (American)
-AT	Austria
-AU	Australia
-AW	Aruba
-AX	Åland Islands
-AZ	Azerbaijan
-BA	Bosnia & Herzegovina
-BB	Barbados
-BD	Bangladesh
-BE	Belgium
-BF	Burkina Faso
-BG	Bulgaria
-BH	Bahrain
-BI	Burundi
-BJ	Benin
-BL	St Barthelemy
-BM	Bermuda
-BN	Brunei
-BO	Bolivia
-BQ	Caribbean NL
-BR	Brazil
-BS	Bahamas
-BT	Bhutan
-BV	Bouvet Island
-BW	Botswana
-BY	Belarus
-BZ	Belize
-CA	Canada
-CC	Cocos (Keeling) Islands
-CD	Congo (Dem. Rep.)
-CF	Central African Rep.
-CG	Congo (Rep.)
-CH	Switzerland
-CI	Côte d'Ivoire
-CK	Cook Islands
-CL	Chile
-CM	Cameroon
-CN	China
-CO	Colombia
-CR	Costa Rica
-CU	Cuba
-CV	Cape Verde
-CW	Curaçao
-CX	Christmas Island
-CY	Cyprus
-CZ	Czech Republic
-DE	Germany
-DJ	Djibouti
-DK	Denmark
-DM	Dominica
-DO	Dominican Republic
-DZ	Algeria
-EC	Ecuador
-EE	Estonia
-EG	Egypt
-EH	Western Sahara
-ER	Eritrea
-ES	Spain
-ET	Ethiopia
-FI	Finland
-FJ	Fiji
-FK	Falkland Islands
-FM	Micronesia
-FO	Faroe Islands
-FR	France
-GA	Gabon
-GB	Britain (UK)
-GD	Grenada
-GE	Georgia
-GF	French Guiana
-GG	Guernsey
-GH	Ghana
-GI	Gibraltar
-GL	Greenland
-GM	Gambia
-GN	Guinea
-GP	Guadeloupe
-GQ	Equatorial Guinea
-GR	Greece
-GS	South Georgia & the South Sandwich Islands
-GT	Guatemala
-GU	Guam
-GW	Guinea-Bissau
-GY	Guyana
-HK	Hong Kong
-HM	Heard Island & McDonald Islands
-HN	Honduras
-HR	Croatia
-HT	Haiti
-HU	Hungary
-ID	Indonesia
-IE	Ireland
-IL	Israel
-IM	Isle of Man
-IN	India
-IO	British Indian Ocean Territory
-IQ	Iraq
-IR	Iran
-IS	Iceland
-IT	Italy
-JE	Jersey
-JM	Jamaica
-JO	Jordan
-JP	Japan
-KE	Kenya
-KG	Kyrgyzstan
-KH	Cambodia
-KI	Kiribati
-KM	Comoros
-KN	St Kitts & Nevis
-KP	Korea (North)
-KR	Korea (South)
-KW	Kuwait
-KY	Cayman Islands
-KZ	Kazakhstan
-LA	Laos
-LB	Lebanon
-LC	St Lucia
-LI	Liechtenstein
-LK	Sri Lanka
-LR	Liberia
-LS	Lesotho
-LT	Lithuania
-LU	Luxembourg
-LV	Latvia
-LY	Libya
-MA	Morocco
-MC	Monaco
-MD	Moldova
-ME	Montenegro
-MF	St Martin (French)
-MG	Madagascar
-MH	Marshall Islands
-MK	North Macedonia
-ML	Mali
-MM	Myanmar (Burma)
-MN	Mongolia
-MO	Macau
-MP	Northern Mariana Islands
-MQ	Martinique
-MR	Mauritania
-MS	Montserrat
-MT	Malta
-MU	Mauritius
-MV	Maldives
-MW	Malawi
-MX	Mexico
-MY	Malaysia
-MZ	Mozambique
-NA	Namibia
-NC	New Caledonia
-NE	Niger
-NF	Norfolk Island
-NG	Nigeria
-NI	Nicaragua
-NL	Netherlands
-NO	Norway
-NP	Nepal
-NR	Nauru
-NU	Niue
-NZ	New Zealand
-OM	Oman
-PA	Panama
-PE	Peru
-PF	French Polynesia
-PG	Papua New Guinea
-PH	Philippines
-PK	Pakistan
-PL	Poland
-PM	St Pierre & Miquelon
-PN	Pitcairn
-PR	Puerto Rico
-PS	Palestine
-PT	Portugal
-PW	Palau
-PY	Paraguay
-QA	Qatar
-RE	Réunion
-RO	Romania
-RS	Serbia
-RU	Russia
-RW	Rwanda
-SA	Saudi Arabia
-SB	Solomon Islands
-SC	Seychelles
-SD	Sudan
-SE	Sweden
-SG	Singapore
-SH	St Helena
-SI	Slovenia
-SJ	Svalbard & Jan Mayen
-SK	Slovakia
-SL	Sierra Leone
-SM	San Marino
-SN	Senegal
-SO	Somalia
-SR	Suriname
-SS	South Sudan
-ST	Sao Tome & Principe
-SV	El Salvador
-SX	St Maarten (Dutch)
-SY	Syria
-SZ	Eswatini (Swaziland)
-TC	Turks & Caicos Is
-TD	Chad
-TF	French Southern & Antarctic Lands
-TG	Togo
-TH	Thailand
-TJ	Tajikistan
-TK	Tokelau
-TL	East Timor
-TM	Turkmenistan
-TN	Tunisia
-TO	Tonga
-TR	Turkey
-TT	Trinidad & Tobago
-TV	Tuvalu
-TW	Taiwan
-TZ	Tanzania
-UA	Ukraine
-UG	Uganda
-UM	US minor outlying islands
-US	United States
-UY	Uruguay
-UZ	Uzbekistan
-VA	Vatican City
-VC	St Vincent
-VE	Venezuela
-VG	Virgin Islands (UK)
-VI	Virgin Islands (US)
-VN	Vietnam
-VU	Vanuatu
-WF	Wallis & Futuna
-WS	Samoa (western)
-YE	Yemen
-YT	Mayotte
-ZA	South Africa
-ZM	Zambia
-ZW	Zimbabwe
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/leap-seconds.list b/inst/tzdata/leap-seconds.list
deleted file mode 100644
index 3198d651..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/leap-seconds.list
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,255 +0,0 @@
-#
-#	In the following text, the symbol '#' introduces
-#	a comment, which continues from that symbol until
-#	the end of the line. A plain comment line has a
-#	whitespace character following the comment indicator.
-#	There are also special comment lines defined below.
-#	A special comment will always have a non-whitespace
-#	character in column 2.
-#
-#	A blank line should be ignored.
-#
-#	The following table shows the corrections that must
-#	be applied to compute International Atomic Time (TAI)
-#	from the Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) values that
-#	are transmitted by almost all time services.
-#
-#	The first column shows an epoch as a number of seconds
-#	since 1 January 1900, 00:00:00 (1900.0 is also used to
-#	indicate the same epoch.) Both of these time stamp formats
-#	ignore the complexities of the time scales that were
-#	used before the current definition of UTC at the start
-#	of 1972. (See note 3 below.)
-#	The second column shows the number of seconds that
-#	must be added to UTC to compute TAI for any timestamp
-#	at or after that epoch. The value on each line is
-#	valid from the indicated initial instant until the
-#	epoch given on the next one or indefinitely into the
-#	future if there is no next line.
-#	(The comment on each line shows the representation of
-#	the corresponding initial epoch in the usual
-#	day-month-year format. The epoch always begins at
-#	00:00:00 UTC on the indicated day. See Note 5 below.)
-#
-#	Important notes:
-#
-#	1. Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is often referred to
-#	as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). The GMT time scale is no
-#	longer used, and the use of GMT to designate UTC is
-#	discouraged.
-#
-#	2. The UTC time scale is realized by many national
-#	laboratories and timing centers. Each laboratory
-#	identifies its realization with its name: Thus
-#	UTC(NIST), UTC(USNO), etc. The differences among
-#	these different realizations are typically on the
-#	order of a few nanoseconds (i.e., 0.000 000 00x s)
-#	and can be ignored for many purposes. These differences
-#	are tabulated in Circular T, which is published monthly
-#	by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures
-#	(BIPM). See www.bipm.org for more information.
-#
-#	3. The current definition of the relationship between UTC
-#	and TAI dates from 1 January 1972. A number of different
-#	time scales were in use before that epoch, and it can be
-#	quite difficult to compute precise timestamps and time
-#	intervals in those "prehistoric" days. For more information,
-#	consult:
-#
-#		The Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical
-#		Ephemeris.
-#	or
-#		Terry Quinn, "The BIPM and the Accurate Measurement
-#		of Time," Proc. of the IEEE, Vol. 79, pp. 894-905,
-#		July, 1991. 
-#		reprinted in:
-#		   Christine Hackman and Donald B Sullivan (eds.)
-#		   Time and Frequency Measurement
-#		   American Association of Physics Teachers (1996)
-#		   , pp. 75-86
-#
-#	4. The decision to insert a leap second into UTC is currently
-#	the responsibility of the International Earth Rotation and
-#	Reference Systems Service. (The name was changed from the
-#	International Earth Rotation Service, but the acronym IERS
-#	is still used.)
-#
-#	Leap seconds are announced by the IERS in its Bulletin C.
-#
-#	See www.iers.org for more details.
-#
-#	Every national laboratory and timing center uses the
-#	data from the BIPM and the IERS to construct UTC(lab),
-#	their local realization of UTC.
-#
-#	Although the definition also includes the possibility
-#	of dropping seconds ("negative" leap seconds), this has
-#	never been done and is unlikely to be necessary in the
-#	foreseeable future.
-#
-#	5. If your system keeps time as the number of seconds since
-#	some epoch (e.g., NTP timestamps), then the algorithm for
-#	assigning a UTC time stamp to an event that happens during a positive
-#	leap second is not well defined. The official name of that leap
-#	second is 23:59:60, but there is no way of representing that time
-#	in these systems.
-#	Many systems of this type effectively stop the system clock for
-#	one second during the leap second and use a time that is equivalent
-#	to 23:59:59 UTC twice. For these systems, the corresponding TAI
-#	timestamp would be obtained by advancing to the next entry in the
-#	following table when the time equivalent to 23:59:59 UTC
-#	is used for the second time. Thus the leap second which
-#	occurred on 30 June 1972 at 23:59:59 UTC would have TAI
-#	timestamps computed as follows:
-#
-#	...
-#	30 June 1972 23:59:59 (2287785599, first time):	TAI= UTC + 10 seconds
-#	30 June 1972 23:59:60 (2287785599,second time):	TAI= UTC + 11 seconds
-#	1  July 1972 00:00:00 (2287785600)		TAI= UTC + 11 seconds
-#	...
-#
-#	If your system realizes the leap second by repeating 00:00:00 UTC twice
-#	(this is possible but not usual), then the advance to the next entry
-#	in the table must occur the second time that a time equivalent to
-#	00:00:00 UTC is used. Thus, using the same example as above:
-#
-#	...
-#       30 June 1972 23:59:59 (2287785599):		TAI= UTC + 10 seconds
-#       30 June 1972 23:59:60 (2287785600, first time):	TAI= UTC + 10 seconds
-#       1  July 1972 00:00:00 (2287785600,second time):	TAI= UTC + 11 seconds
-#	...
-#
-#	in both cases the use of timestamps based on TAI produces a smooth
-#	time scale with no discontinuity in the time interval. However,
-#	although the long-term behavior of the time scale is correct in both
-#	methods, the second method is technically not correct because it adds
-#	the extra second to the wrong day.
-#
-#	This complexity would not be needed for negative leap seconds (if they
-#	are ever used). The UTC time would skip 23:59:59 and advance from
-#	23:59:58 to 00:00:00 in that case. The TAI offset would decrease by
-#	1 second at the same instant. This is a much easier situation to deal
-#	with, since the difficulty of unambiguously representing the epoch
-#	during the leap second does not arise.
-#
-#	Some systems implement leap seconds by amortizing the leap second
-#	over the last few minutes of the day. The frequency of the local
-#	clock is decreased (or increased) to realize the positive (or
-#	negative) leap second. This method removes the time step described
-#	above. Although the long-term behavior of the time scale is correct
-#	in this case, this method introduces an error during the adjustment
-#	period both in time and in frequency with respect to the official
-#	definition of UTC.
-#
-#	Questions or comments to:
-#		Judah Levine
-#		Time and Frequency Division
-#		NIST
-#		Boulder, Colorado
-#		Judah.Levine@nist.gov
-#
-#	Last Update of leap second values:   8 July 2016
-#
-#	The following line shows this last update date in NTP timestamp
-#	format. This is the date on which the most recent change to
-#	the leap second data was added to the file. This line can
-#	be identified by the unique pair of characters in the first two
-#	columns as shown below.
-#
-#$	 3676924800
-#
-#	The NTP timestamps are in units of seconds since the NTP epoch,
-#	which is 1 January 1900, 00:00:00. The Modified Julian Day number
-#	corresponding to the NTP time stamp, X, can be computed as
-#
-#	X/86400 + 15020
-#
-#	where the first term converts seconds to days and the second
-#	term adds the MJD corresponding to the time origin defined above.
-#	The integer portion of the result is the integer MJD for that
-#	day, and any remainder is the time of day, expressed as the
-#	fraction of the day since 0 hours UTC. The conversion from day
-#	fraction to seconds or to hours, minutes, and seconds may involve
-#	rounding or truncation, depending on the method used in the
-#	computation.
-#
-#	The data in this file will be updated periodically as new leap
-#	seconds are announced. In addition to being entered on the line
-#	above, the update time (in NTP format) will be added to the basic
-#	file name leap-seconds to form the name leap-seconds..
-#	In addition, the generic name leap-seconds.list will always point to
-#	the most recent version of the file.
-#
-#	This update procedure will be performed only when a new leap second
-#	is announced.
-#
-#	The following entry specifies the expiration date of the data
-#	in this file in units of seconds since the origin at the instant
-#	1 January 1900, 00:00:00. This expiration date will be changed
-#	at least twice per year whether or not a new leap second is
-#	announced. These semi-annual changes will be made no later
-#	than 1 June and 1 December of each year to indicate what
-#	action (if any) is to be taken on 30 June and 31 December,
-#	respectively. (These are the customary effective dates for new
-#	leap seconds.) This expiration date will be identified by a
-#	unique pair of characters in columns 1 and 2 as shown below.
-#	In the unlikely event that a leap second is announced with an
-#	effective date other than 30 June or 31 December, then this
-#	file will be edited to include that leap second as soon as it is
-#	announced or at least one month before the effective date
-#	(whichever is later).
-#	If an announcement by the IERS specifies that no leap second is
-#	scheduled, then only the expiration date of the file will
-#	be advanced to show that the information in the file is still
-#	current -- the update time stamp, the data and the name of the file
-#	will not change.
-#
-#	Updated through IERS Bulletin C61
-#	File expires on:  28 December 2021
-#
-#@	3849638400
-#
-2272060800	10	# 1 Jan 1972
-2287785600	11	# 1 Jul 1972
-2303683200	12	# 1 Jan 1973
-2335219200	13	# 1 Jan 1974
-2366755200	14	# 1 Jan 1975
-2398291200	15	# 1 Jan 1976
-2429913600	16	# 1 Jan 1977
-2461449600	17	# 1 Jan 1978
-2492985600	18	# 1 Jan 1979
-2524521600	19	# 1 Jan 1980
-2571782400	20	# 1 Jul 1981
-2603318400	21	# 1 Jul 1982
-2634854400	22	# 1 Jul 1983
-2698012800	23	# 1 Jul 1985
-2776982400	24	# 1 Jan 1988
-2840140800	25	# 1 Jan 1990
-2871676800	26	# 1 Jan 1991
-2918937600	27	# 1 Jul 1992
-2950473600	28	# 1 Jul 1993
-2982009600	29	# 1 Jul 1994
-3029443200	30	# 1 Jan 1996
-3076704000	31	# 1 Jul 1997
-3124137600	32	# 1 Jan 1999
-3345062400	33	# 1 Jan 2006
-3439756800	34	# 1 Jan 2009
-3550089600	35	# 1 Jul 2012
-3644697600	36	# 1 Jul 2015
-3692217600	37	# 1 Jan 2017
-#
-#	the following special comment contains the
-#	hash value of the data in this file computed
-#	use the secure hash algorithm as specified
-#	by FIPS 180-1. See the files in ~/pub/sha for
-#	the details of how this hash value is
-#	computed. Note that the hash computation
-#	ignores comments and whitespace characters
-#	in data lines. It includes the NTP values
-#	of both the last modification time and the
-#	expiration time of the file, but not the
-#	white space on those lines.
-#	the hash line is also ignored in the
-#	computation.
-#
-#h 	2ab8253d d4380d28 75f01343 381504f8 8f8a4bfc
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/leapseconds b/inst/tzdata/leapseconds
deleted file mode 100644
index cf0df04c..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/leapseconds
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-# Allowance for leap seconds added to each time zone file.
-
-# This file is in the public domain.
-
-# This file is generated automatically from the data in the public-domain
-# NIST format leap-seconds.list file, which can be copied from
-# 
-# or .
-# The NIST file is used instead of its IERS upstream counterpart
-# 
-# because under US law the NIST file is public domain
-# whereas the IERS file's copyright and license status is unclear.
-# For more about leap-seconds.list, please see
-# The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds
-# .
-
-# The rules for leap seconds are specified in Annex 1 (Time scales) of:
-# Standard-frequency and time-signal emissions.
-# International Telecommunication Union - Radiocommunication Sector
-# (ITU-R) Recommendation TF.460-6 (02/2002)
-# .
-# The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS)
-# periodically uses leap seconds to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1
-# (a proxy for Earth's angle in space as measured by astronomers)
-# and publishes leap second data in a copyrighted file
-# .
-# See: Levine J. Coordinated Universal Time and the leap second.
-# URSI Radio Sci Bull. 2016;89(4):30-6. doi:10.23919/URSIRSB.2016.7909995
-# .
-
-# There were no leap seconds before 1972, as no official mechanism
-# accounted for the discrepancy between atomic time (TAI) and the earth's
-# rotation.  The first ("1 Jan 1972") data line in leap-seconds.list
-# does not denote a leap second; it denotes the start of the current definition
-# of UTC.
-
-# All leap-seconds are Stationary (S) at the given UTC time.
-# The correction (+ or -) is made at the given time, so in the unlikely
-# event of a negative leap second, a line would look like this:
-# Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:59	-	S
-# Typical lines look like this:
-# Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1972	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1972	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1973	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1974	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1975	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1976	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1977	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1978	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1979	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1981	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1982	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1983	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1985	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1987	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1989	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1990	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1992	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1993	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1994	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1995	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1997	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	1998	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	2005	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	2008	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	2012	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	2015	Jun	30	23:59:60	+	S
-Leap	2016	Dec	31	23:59:60	+	S
-
-# UTC timestamp when this leap second list expires.
-# Any additional leap seconds will come after this.
-# This Expires line is commented out for now,
-# so that pre-2020a zic implementations do not reject this file.
-#Expires 2021	Dec	28	00:00:00
-
-# POSIX timestamps for the data in this file:
-#updated 1467936000 (2016-07-08 00:00:00 UTC)
-#expires 1640649600 (2021-12-28 00:00:00 UTC)
-
-#	Updated through IERS Bulletin C61
-#	File expires on:  28 December 2021
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/leapseconds.awk b/inst/tzdata/leapseconds.awk
deleted file mode 100755
index b6c48bcc..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/leapseconds.awk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,240 +0,0 @@
-# Generate zic format 'leapseconds' from NIST format 'leap-seconds.list'.
-
-# This file is in the public domain.
-
-# This program uses awk arithmetic.  POSIX requires awk to support
-# exact integer arithmetic only through 10**10, which means for NTP
-# timestamps this program works only to the year 2216, which is the
-# year 1900 plus 10**10 seconds.  However, in practice
-# POSIX-conforming awk implementations invariably use IEEE-754 double
-# and so support exact integers through 2**53.  By the year 2216,
-# POSIX will almost surely require at least 2**53 for awk, so for NTP
-# timestamps this program should be good until the year 285,428,681
-# (the year 1900 plus 2**53 seconds).  By then leap seconds will be
-# long obsolete, as the Earth will likely slow down so much that
-# there will be more than 25 hours per day and so some other scheme
-# will be needed.
-
-BEGIN {
-  print "# Allowance for leap seconds added to each time zone file."
-  print ""
-  print "# This file is in the public domain."
-  print ""
-  print "# This file is generated automatically from the data in the public-domain"
-  print "# NIST format leap-seconds.list file, which can be copied from"
-  print "# "
-  print "# or ."
-  print "# The NIST file is used instead of its IERS upstream counterpart"
-  print "# "
-  print "# because under US law the NIST file is public domain"
-  print "# whereas the IERS file's copyright and license status is unclear."
-  print "# For more about leap-seconds.list, please see"
-  print "# The NTP Timescale and Leap Seconds"
-  print "# ."
-  print ""
-  print "# The rules for leap seconds are specified in Annex 1 (Time scales) of:"
-  print "# Standard-frequency and time-signal emissions."
-  print "# International Telecommunication Union - Radiocommunication Sector"
-  print "# (ITU-R) Recommendation TF.460-6 (02/2002)"
-  print "# ."
-  print "# The International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS)"
-  print "# periodically uses leap seconds to keep UTC to within 0.9 s of UT1"
-  print "# (a proxy for Earth's angle in space as measured by astronomers)"
-  print "# and publishes leap second data in a copyrighted file"
-  print "# ."
-  print "# See: Levine J. Coordinated Universal Time and the leap second."
-  print "# URSI Radio Sci Bull. 2016;89(4):30-6. doi:10.23919/URSIRSB.2016.7909995"
-  print "# ."
-  print ""
-  print "# There were no leap seconds before 1972, as no official mechanism"
-  print "# accounted for the discrepancy between atomic time (TAI) and the earth's"
-  print "# rotation.  The first (\"1 Jan 1972\") data line in leap-seconds.list"
-  print "# does not denote a leap second; it denotes the start of the current definition"
-  print "# of UTC."
-  print ""
-  print "# All leap-seconds are Stationary (S) at the given UTC time."
-  print "# The correction (+ or -) is made at the given time, so in the unlikely"
-  print "# event of a negative leap second, a line would look like this:"
-  print "# Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:59	-	S"
-  print "# Typical lines look like this:"
-  print "# Leap	YEAR	MON	DAY	23:59:60	+	S"
-
-  monthabbr[ 1] = "Jan"
-  monthabbr[ 2] = "Feb"
-  monthabbr[ 3] = "Mar"
-  monthabbr[ 4] = "Apr"
-  monthabbr[ 5] = "May"
-  monthabbr[ 6] = "Jun"
-  monthabbr[ 7] = "Jul"
-  monthabbr[ 8] = "Aug"
-  monthabbr[ 9] = "Sep"
-  monthabbr[10] = "Oct"
-  monthabbr[11] = "Nov"
-  monthabbr[12] = "Dec"
-
-  sstamp_init()
-}
-
-# In case the input has CRLF form a la NIST.
-{ sub(/\r$/, "") }
-
-/^#[ \t]*[Uu]pdated through/ || /^#[ \t]*[Ff]ile expires on/ {
-    last_lines = last_lines $0 "\n"
-}
-
-/^#[$][ \t]/ { updated = $2 }
-/^#[@][ \t]/ { expires = $2 }
-
-/^[ \t]*#/ { next }
-
-{
-    NTP_timestamp = $1
-    TAI_minus_UTC = $2
-    if (old_TAI_minus_UTC) {
-	if (old_TAI_minus_UTC < TAI_minus_UTC) {
-	    sign = "23:59:60\t+"
-	} else {
-	    sign = "23:59:59\t-"
-	}
-	sstamp_to_ymdhMs(NTP_timestamp - 1, ss_NTP)
-	printf "Leap\t%d\t%s\t%d\t%s\tS\n", \
-	  ss_year, monthabbr[ss_month], ss_mday, sign
-    }
-    old_TAI_minus_UTC = TAI_minus_UTC
-}
-
-END {
-    sstamp_to_ymdhMs(expires, ss_NTP)
-
-    print ""
-    print "# UTC timestamp when this leap second list expires."
-    print "# Any additional leap seconds will come after this."
-    if (! EXPIRES_LINE) {
-      print "# This Expires line is commented out for now,"
-      print "# so that pre-2020a zic implementations do not reject this file."
-    }
-    printf "%sExpires %.4d\t%s\t%.2d\t%.2d:%.2d:%.2d\n", \
-      EXPIRES_LINE ? "" : "#", \
-      ss_year, monthabbr[ss_month], ss_mday, ss_hour, ss_min, ss_sec
-
-    # The difference between the NTP and POSIX epochs is 70 years
-    # (including 17 leap days), each 24 hours of 60 minutes of 60
-    # seconds each.
-    epoch_minus_NTP = ((1970 - 1900) * 365 + 17) * 24 * 60 * 60
-
-    print ""
-    print "# POSIX timestamps for the data in this file:"
-    sstamp_to_ymdhMs(updated, ss_NTP)
-    printf "#updated %d (%.4d-%.2d-%.2d %.2d:%.2d:%.2d UTC)\n", \
-      updated - epoch_minus_NTP, \
-      ss_year, ss_month, ss_mday, ss_hour, ss_min, ss_sec
-    sstamp_to_ymdhMs(expires, ss_NTP)
-    printf "#expires %d (%.4d-%.2d-%.2d %.2d:%.2d:%.2d UTC)\n", \
-      expires - epoch_minus_NTP, \
-      ss_year, ss_month, ss_mday, ss_hour, ss_min, ss_sec
-
-    printf "\n%s", last_lines
-}
-
-# sstamp_to_ymdhMs - convert seconds timestamp to date and time
-#
-# Call as:
-#
-#    sstamp_to_ymdhMs(sstamp, epoch_days)
-#
-# where:
-#
-#    sstamp - is the seconds timestamp.
-#    epoch_days - is the timestamp epoch in Gregorian days since 1600-03-01.
-#	ss_NTP is appropriate for an NTP sstamp.
-#
-# Both arguments should be nonnegative integers.
-# On return, the following variables are set based on sstamp:
-#
-#    ss_year	- Gregorian calendar year
-#    ss_month	- month of the year (1-January to 12-December)
-#    ss_mday	- day of the month (1-31)
-#    ss_hour	- hour (0-23)
-#    ss_min	- minute (0-59)
-#    ss_sec	- second (0-59)
-#    ss_wday	- day of week (0-Sunday to 6-Saturday)
-#
-# The function sstamp_init should be called prior to using sstamp_to_ymdhMs.
-
-function sstamp_init()
-{
-  # Days in month N, where March is month 0 and January month 10.
-  ss_mon_days[ 0] = 31
-  ss_mon_days[ 1] = 30
-  ss_mon_days[ 2] = 31
-  ss_mon_days[ 3] = 30
-  ss_mon_days[ 4] = 31
-  ss_mon_days[ 5] = 31
-  ss_mon_days[ 6] = 30
-  ss_mon_days[ 7] = 31
-  ss_mon_days[ 8] = 30
-  ss_mon_days[ 9] = 31
-  ss_mon_days[10] = 31
-
-  # Counts of days in a Gregorian year, quad-year, century, and quad-century.
-  ss_year_days = 365
-  ss_quadyear_days = ss_year_days * 4 + 1
-  ss_century_days = ss_quadyear_days * 25 - 1
-  ss_quadcentury_days = ss_century_days * 4 + 1
-
-  # Standard day epochs, suitable for epoch_days.
-  # ss_MJD = 94493
-  # ss_POSIX = 135080
-  ss_NTP = 109513
-}
-
-function sstamp_to_ymdhMs(sstamp, epoch_days, \
-			  quadcentury, century, quadyear, year, month, day)
-{
-  ss_hour = int(sstamp / 3600) % 24
-  ss_min = int(sstamp / 60) % 60
-  ss_sec = sstamp % 60
-
-  # Start with a count of days since 1600-03-01 Gregorian.
-  day = epoch_days + int(sstamp / (24 * 60 * 60))
-
-  # Compute a year-month-day date with days of the month numbered
-  # 0-30, months (March-February) numbered 0-11, and years that start
-  # start March 1 and end after the last day of February.  A quad-year
-  # starts on March 1 of a year evenly divisible by 4 and ends after
-  # the last day of February 4 years later.  A century starts on and
-  # ends before March 1 in years evenly divisible by 100.
-  # A quad-century starts on and ends before March 1 in years divisible
-  # by 400.  While the number of days in a quad-century is a constant,
-  # the number of days in each other time period can vary by 1.
-  # Any variation is in the last day of the time period (there might
-  # or might not be a February 29) where it is easy to deal with.
-
-  quadcentury = int(day / ss_quadcentury_days)
-  day -= quadcentury * ss_quadcentury_days
-  ss_wday = (day + 3) % 7
-  century = int(day / ss_century_days)
-  century -= century == 4
-  day -= century * ss_century_days
-  quadyear = int(day / ss_quadyear_days)
-  day -= quadyear * ss_quadyear_days
-  year = int(day / ss_year_days)
-  year -= year == 4
-  day -= year * ss_year_days
-  for (month = 0; month < 11; month++) {
-    if (day < ss_mon_days[month])
-      break
-    day -= ss_mon_days[month]
-  }
-
-  # Convert the date to a conventional day of month (1-31),
-  # month (1-12, January-December) and Gregorian year.
-  ss_mday = day + 1
-  if (month <= 9) {
-    ss_month = month + 3
-  } else {
-    ss_month = month - 9
-    year++
-  }
-  ss_year = 1600 + quadcentury * 400 + century * 100 + quadyear * 4 + year
-}
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/northamerica b/inst/tzdata/northamerica
deleted file mode 100644
index ddc57597..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/northamerica
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,3790 +0,0 @@
-# tzdb data for North and Central America and environs
-
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# also includes Central America and the Caribbean
-
-# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
-# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
-# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-22):
-# A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
-# Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# United States
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
-# Howse writes (pp 121-125) that time zones were invented by
-# Professor Charles Ferdinand Dowd (1825-1904),
-# Principal of Temple Grove Ladies' Seminary (Saratoga Springs, NY).
-# His pamphlet "A System of National Time for Railroads" (1870)
-# was the result of his proposals at the Convention of Railroad Trunk Lines
-# in New York City (1869-10).  His 1870 proposal was based on Washington, DC,
-# but in 1872-05 he moved the proposed origin to Greenwich.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20):
-# Dowd's proposal left many details unresolved, such as where to draw
-# lines between time zones.  The key individual who made time zones
-# work in the US was William Frederick Allen - railway engineer,
-# managing editor of the Travelers' Guide, and secretary of the
-# General Time Convention, a railway standardization group.  Allen
-# spent months in dialogs with scientific and railway leaders,
-# developed a workable plan to institute time zones, and presented it
-# to the General Time Convention on 1883-04-11, saying that his plan
-# meant "local time would be practically abolished" - a plus for
-# railway scheduling.  By the next convention on 1883-10-11 nearly all
-# railroads had agreed and it took effect on 1883-11-18.  That Sunday
-# was called the "day of two noons", as some locations observed noon
-# twice.  Allen witnessed the transition in New York City, writing:
-#
-#   I heard the bells of St. Paul's strike on the old time.  Four
-#   minutes later, obedient to the electrical signal from the Naval
-#   Observatory ... the time-ball made its rapid descent, the chimes
-#   of old Trinity rang twelve measured strokes, and local time was
-#   abandoned, probably forever.
-#
-# Most of the US soon followed suit.  See:
-# Bartky IR. The adoption of standard time. Technol Cult 1989 Jan;30(1):25-56.
-# https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3105430
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-04-16):
-# That 1883 transition occurred at 12:00 new time, not at 12:00 old time.
-# See p 46 of David Prerau, Seize the daylight, Thunder's Mouth Press (2005).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# A good source for time zone historical data in the US is
-# Thomas G. Shanks, The American Atlas (5th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (1991).
-# Make sure you have the errata sheet; the book is somewhat useless without it.
-# It is the source for most of the pre-1991 US entries below.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
-# Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin Franklin
-# in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for Diminishing the Cost
-# of Light" published in the Journal de Paris (1784-04-26).
-# Not everyone is happy with the results:
-#
-#	I don't really care how time is reckoned so long as there is some
-#	agreement about it, but I object to being told that I am saving
-#	daylight when my reason tells me that I am doing nothing of the kind.
-#	I even object to the implication that I am wasting something
-#	valuable if I stay in bed after the sun has risen.  As an admirer
-#	of moonlight I resent the bossy insistence of those who want to
-#	reduce my time for enjoying it.  At the back of the Daylight Saving
-#	scheme I detect the bony, blue-fingered hand of Puritanism, eager
-#	to push people into bed earlier, and get them up earlier, to make
-#	them healthy, wealthy and wise in spite of themselves.
-#
-#	 -- Robertson Davies, The diary of Samuel Marchbanks,
-#	   Clarke, Irwin (1947), XIX, Sunday
-#
-# For more about the first ten years of DST in the United States, see
-# Robert Garland, Ten years of daylight saving from the Pittsburgh standpoint
-# (Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, 1927).
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20160517155308/http://www.clpgh.org/exhibit/dst.html
-#
-# Shanks says that DST was called "War Time" in the US in 1918 and 1919.
-# However, DST was imposed by the Standard Time Act of 1918, which
-# was the first nationwide legal time standard, and apparently
-# time was just called "Standard Time" or "Daylight Saving Time".
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-06-04):
-# Here is the legal basis for the US federal rules.
-# * Public Law 65-106 (1918-03-19) implemented standard and daylight saving
-#   time for the first time across the US, springing forward on March's last
-#   Sunday and falling back on October's last Sunday.
-#   https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/65th-congress/session-2/c65s2ch24.pdf
-# * Public Law 66-40 (1919-08-20) repealed DST on October 1919's last Sunday.
-#   https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/66th-congress/session-1/c66s1ch51.pdf
-# * Public Law 77-403 (1942-01-20) started wartime DST on 1942-02-09.
-#   https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/77th-congress/session-2/c77s2ch7.pdf
-# * Public Law 79-187 (1945-09-25) ended wartime DST on 1945-09-30.
-#   https://www.loc.gov/law/help/statutes-at-large/79th-congress/session-1/c79s1ch388.pdf
-# * Public Law 89-387 (1966-04-13) reinstituted a national standard for DST,
-#   from April's last Sunday to October's last Sunday, effective 1967.
-#   https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-80/pdf/STATUTE-80-Pg107.pdf
-# * Public Law 93-182 (1973-12-15) moved the 1974 spring-forward to 01-06.
-#   https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-87/pdf/STATUTE-87-Pg707.pdf
-# * Public Law 93-434 (1974-10-05) moved the 1975 spring-forward to
-#   February's last Sunday.
-#   https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-88/pdf/STATUTE-88-Pg1209.pdf
-# * Public Law 99-359 (1986-07-08) moved the spring-forward to April's first
-#   Sunday.
-#   https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/STATUTE-100/pdf/STATUTE-100-Pg764.pdf
-# * Public Law 109-58 (2005-08-08), effective 2007, moved the spring-forward
-#   to March's second Sunday and the fall-back to November's first Sunday.
-#   https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-109publ58/pdf/PLAW-109publ58.pdf
-# All transitions are at 02:00 local time.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson:
-# Before the Uniform Time Act of 1966 took effect in 1967, observance of
-# Daylight Saving Time in the US was by local option, except during wartime.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2000-09-25):
-# Last night I heard part of a rebroadcast of a 1945 Arch Oboler radio drama.
-# In the introduction, Oboler spoke of "Eastern Peace Time."
-# An AltaVista search turned up:
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20000926032210/http://rowayton.org/rhs/hstaug45.html
-# "When the time is announced over the radio now, it is 'Eastern Peace
-# Time' instead of the old familiar 'Eastern War Time.'  Peace is wonderful."
-# (August 1945) by way of confirmation.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-09-23):
-# This was the V-J Day issue of the Clamdigger, a Rowayton, CT newsletter.
-
-# From Joseph Gallant citing
-# George H. Douglas, _The Early Days of Radio Broadcasting_ (1987):
-# At 7 P.M. (Eastern War Time) [on 1945-08-14], the networks were set
-# to switch to London for Attlee's address, but the American people
-# never got to hear his speech live. According to one press account,
-# CBS' Bob Trout was first to announce the word of Japan's surrender,
-# but a few seconds later, NBC, ABC and Mutual also flashed the word
-# of surrender, all of whom interrupting the bells of Big Ben in
-# London which were to precede Mr. Attlee's speech.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): It was Robert St John, not Bob Trout.  From
-# Myrna Oliver's obituary of St John on page B16 of today's Los Angeles Times:
-#
-# ... a war-weary U.S. clung to radios, awaiting word of Japan's surrender.
-# Any announcement from Asia would reach St. John's New York newsroom on a
-# wire service teletype machine, which had prescribed signals for major news.
-# Associated Press, for example, would ring five bells before spewing out
-# typed copy of an important story, and 10 bells for news "of transcendental
-# importance."
-#
-# On Aug. 14, stalling while talking steadily into the NBC networks' open
-# microphone, St. John heard five bells and waited only to hear a sixth bell,
-# before announcing confidently: "Ladies and gentlemen, World War II is over.
-# The Japanese have agreed to our surrender terms."
-#
-# He had scored a 20-second scoop on other broadcasters.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2005-08-22):
-# Paul has been careful to use the "US" rules only in those locations
-# that are part of the United States; this reflects the real scope of
-# U.S. government action.  So even though the "US" rules have changed
-# in the latest release, other countries won't be affected.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	US	1918	1919	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	US	1918	1919	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	US	1942	only	-	Feb	9	2:00	1:00	W # War
-Rule	US	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
-Rule	US	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
-Rule	US	1967	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	US	1967	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	US	1974	only	-	Jan	6	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	US	1975	only	-	Feb	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	US	1976	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	US	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	US	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	US	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
-
-# From Arthur David Olson, 2005-12-19
-# We generate the files specified below to guard against old files with
-# obsolete information being left in the time zone binary directory.
-# We limit the list to names that have appeared in previous versions of
-# this time zone package.
-# We do these as separate Zones rather than as Links to avoid problems if
-# a particular place changes whether it observes DST.
-# We put these specifications here in the northamerica file both to
-# increase the chances that they'll actually get compiled and to
-# avoid the need to duplicate the US rules in another file.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	EST		 -5:00	-	EST
-Zone	MST		 -7:00	-	MST
-Zone	HST		-10:00	-	HST
-Zone	EST5EDT		 -5:00	US	E%sT
-Zone	CST6CDT		 -6:00	US	C%sT
-Zone	MST7MDT		 -7:00	US	M%sT
-Zone	PST8PDT		 -8:00	US	P%sT
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19):
-# USA  EASTERN       5 H  BEHIND UTC    NEW YORK, WASHINGTON
-# USA  EASTERN       4 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
-# USA  CENTRAL       6 H  BEHIND UTC    CHICAGO, HOUSTON
-# USA  CENTRAL       5 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
-# USA  MOUNTAIN      7 H  BEHIND UTC    DENVER
-# USA  MOUNTAIN      6 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
-# USA  PACIFIC       8 H  BEHIND UTC    L.A., SAN FRANCISCO
-# USA  PACIFIC       7 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
-# USA  ALASKA STD    9 H  BEHIND UTC    MOST OF ALASKA     (AKST)
-# USA  ALASKA STD    8 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30 (AKDT)
-# USA  ALEUTIAN     10 H  BEHIND UTC    ISLANDS WEST OF 170W
-# USA    "           9 H  BEHIND UTC    APR 3 - OCT 30
-# USA  HAWAII       10 H  BEHIND UTC
-# USA  BERING       11 H  BEHIND UTC    SAMOA, MIDWAY
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-21):
-# The above dates are for 1988.
-# Note the "AKST" and "AKDT" abbreviations, the claim that there's
-# no DST in Samoa, and the claim that there is DST in Alaska and the
-# Aleutians.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
-# Legal standard time zone names, from United States Code (1982 Edition and
-# Supplement III), Title 15, Chapter 6, Section 260 and forward.  First, names
-# up to 1967-04-01 (when most provisions of the Uniform Time Act of 1966
-# took effect), as explained in sections 263 and 261:
-#	(none)
-#	United States standard eastern time
-#	United States standard mountain time
-#	United States standard central time
-#	United States standard Pacific time
-#	(none)
-#	United States standard Alaska time
-#	(none)
-# Next, names from 1967-04-01 until 1983-11-30 (the date for
-# public law 98-181):
-#	Atlantic standard time
-#	eastern standard time
-#	central standard time
-#	mountain standard time
-#	Pacific standard time
-#	Yukon standard time
-#	Alaska-Hawaii standard time
-#	Bering standard time
-# And after 1983-11-30:
-#	Atlantic standard time
-#	eastern standard time
-#	central standard time
-#	mountain standard time
-#	Pacific standard time
-#	Alaska standard time
-#	Hawaii-Aleutian standard time
-#	Samoa standard time
-# The law doesn't give abbreviations.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-19):
-# Here are URLs for the 1918 and 1966 legislation:
-# http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=40&page=451
-# http://uscode.house.gov/statviewer.htm?volume=80&page=108
-# Although the 1918 names were officially "United States Standard
-# Eastern Time" and similarly for "Central", "Mountain", "Pacific",
-# and "Alaska", in practice "Standard" was placed just before "Time",
-# as codified in 1966.  In practice, Alaska time was abbreviated "AST"
-# before 1968.  Summarizing the 1967 name changes:
-#	1918 names			1967 names
-#  -08	Standard Pacific Time (PST)	Pacific standard time (PST)
-#  -09	(unofficial) Yukon (YST)	Yukon standard time (YST)
-#  -10	Standard Alaska Time (AST)	Alaska-Hawaii standard time (AHST)
-#  -11	(unofficial) Nome (NST)		Bering standard time (BST)
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08), following a heads-up from Rives McDow:
-# Public law 106-564 (2000-12-23) introduced ... "Chamorro Standard Time"
-# for time in Guam and the Northern Marianas.  See the file "australasia".
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-17):
-# HST and HDT are standardized abbreviations for Hawaii-Aleutian
-# standard and daylight times.  See section 9.47 (p 234) of the
-# U.S. Government Printing Office Style Manual (2008)
-# https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008/pdf/GPO-STYLEMANUAL-2008.pdf
-
-# From Arthur David Olson, 2005-08-09
-# The following was signed into law on 2005-08-08.
-#
-# H.R. 6, Energy Policy Act of 2005, SEC. 110. DAYLIGHT SAVINGS.
-#   (a) Amendment.--Section 3(a) of the Uniform Time Act of 1966 (15
-#   U.S.C. 260a(a)) is amended--
-#     (1) by striking "first Sunday of April" and inserting "second
-#     Sunday of March"; and
-#     (2) by striking "last Sunday of October" and inserting "first
-#     Sunday of November'.
-#   (b) Effective Date.--Subsection (a) shall take effect 1 year after the
-#   date of enactment of this Act or March 1, 2007, whichever is later.
-#   (c) Report to Congress.--Not later than 9 months after the effective
-#   date stated in subsection (b), the Secretary shall report to Congress
-#   on the impact of this section on energy consumption in the United
-#   States.
-#   (d) Right to Revert.--Congress retains the right to revert the
-#   Daylight Saving Time back to the 2005 time schedules once the
-#   Department study is complete.
-
-# US eastern time, represented by New York
-
-# Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, most of Florida,
-# Georgia, southeast Indiana (Dearborn and Ohio counties), eastern Kentucky
-# (except America/Kentucky/Louisville below), Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts,
-# New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio,
-# Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, eastern Tennessee,
-# Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia
-
-# From Dave Cantor (2004-11-02):
-# Early this summer I had the occasion to visit the Mount Washington
-# Observatory weather station atop (of course!) Mount Washington [, NH]....
-# One of the staff members said that the station was on Eastern Standard Time
-# and didn't change their clocks for Daylight Saving ... so that their
-# reports will always have times which are 5 hours behind UTC.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-08-26):
-# According to today's Huntsville Times
-# http://www.al.com/news/huntsvilletimes/index.ssf?/base/news/1125047783228320.xml&coll=1
-# a few towns on Alabama's "eastern border with Georgia, such as Phenix City
-# in Russell County, Lanett in Chambers County and some towns in Lee County,
-# set their watches and clocks on Eastern time."  It quotes H.H. "Bubba"
-# Roberts, city administrator in Phenix City. as saying "We are in the Central
-# time zone, but we do go by the Eastern time zone because so many people work
-# in Columbus."
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
-# Four cities are involved.  The two not mentioned above are Smiths Station
-# and Valley.  Barbara Brooks, Valley's assistant treasurer, heard it started
-# because West Point Pepperell textile mills were in Alabama while the
-# corporate office was in Georgia, and residents voted to keep Eastern
-# time even after the mills closed.  See: Kazek K. Did you know which
-# Alabama towns are in a different time zone?  al.com 2017-02-06.
-# http://www.al.com/living/index.ssf/2017/02/do_you_know_which_alabama_town.html
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
-# Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 44, 4 (1884-02-08), 208
-# says that New York City Hall time was 3 minutes 58.4 seconds fast of
-# Eastern time (i.e., -4:56:01.6) just before the 1883 switch.  Round to the
-# nearest second.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule	NYC	1920	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	NYC	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	NYC	1921	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	NYC	1921	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	NYC	1955	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/New_York	-4:56:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:03:58
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1920
-			-5:00	NYC	E%sT	1942
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1946
-			-5:00	NYC	E%sT	1967
-			-5:00	US	E%sT
-
-# US central time, represented by Chicago
-
-# Alabama, Arkansas, Florida panhandle (Bay, Calhoun, Escambia,
-# Gulf, Holmes, Jackson, Okaloosa, Santa Rosa, Walton, and
-# Washington counties), Illinois, western Indiana
-# (Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
-# Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties), Iowa, most of Kansas, western
-# Kentucky, Louisiana, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, eastern
-# Nebraska, eastern North Dakota, Oklahoma, eastern South Dakota,
-# western Tennessee, most of Texas, Wisconsin
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-01-07):
-# In 1869 the Chicago Astronomical Society contracted with the city to keep
-# time.  Though delayed by the Great Fire, by 1880 a wire ran from the
-# Dearborn Observatory (on the University of Chicago campus) to City Hall,
-# which then sent signals to police and fire stations.  However, railroads got
-# their time signals from the Allegheny Observatory, the Madison Observatory,
-# the Ann Arbor Observatory, etc., so their clocks did not agree with each
-# other or with the city's official time.  The confusion took some years to
-# clear up.  See:
-# Moser M. How Chicago gave America its time zones. Chicago. 2018-01-04.
-# http://www.chicagomag.com/city-life/January-2018/How-Chicago-Gave-America-Its-Time-Zones/
-
-# From Larry M. Smith (2006-04-26) re Wisconsin:
-# https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/statutes/statutes/175.pdf
-# is currently enforced at the 01:00 time of change.  Because the local
-# "bar time" in the state corresponds to 02:00, a number of citations
-# are issued for the "sale of class 'B' alcohol after prohibited
-# hours" within the deviated hour of this change every year....
-#
-# From Douglas R. Bomberg (2007-03-12):
-# Wisconsin has enacted (nearly eleventh-hour) legislation to get WI
-# Statue 175 closer in synch with the US Congress' intent....
-# https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2007/related/acts/3
-
-# From an email administrator of the City of Fort Pierre, SD (2015-12-21):
-# Fort Pierre is technically located in the Mountain time zone as is
-# the rest of Stanley County.  Most of Stanley County and Fort Pierre
-# uses the Central time zone due to doing most of their business in
-# Pierre so it simplifies schedules.  I have lived in Stanley County
-# all my life and it has been that way since I can remember.  (43 years!)
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-12-25):
-# Assume this practice predates 1970, so Fort Pierre can use America/Chicago.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-06):
-# In 1950s Nashville a public clock had dueling faces, one for conservatives
-# and the other for liberals; the two sides didn't agree about the time of day.
-# I haven't found a photo of this clock, nor have I tracked down the TIME
-# magazine report cited below, but here's the story as told by the late
-# American journalist John Seigenthaler, who was there:
-#
-# "The two [newspaper] owners held strongly contrasting political and
-# ideological views.  Evans was a New South liberal, Stahlman an Old South
-# conservative, and their two papers frequently clashed editorially, often on
-# the same day....  In the 1950s as the state legislature was grappling with
-# the question of whether to approve daylight saving time for the entire state,
-# TIME magazine reported:
-#
-# "'The Nashville Banner and The Nashville Tennessean rarely agree on anything
-# but the time of day - and last week they couldn't agree on that.'
-#
-# "It was all too true. The clock on the front of the building had two faces -
-# The Tennessean side of the building facing west, the other, east.  When it
-# was high noon Banner time, it was 11 a.m. Tennessean time."
-#
-# Seigenthaler J. For 100 years, Tennessean had it covered.
-# The Tennessean 2007-05-11, republished 2015-04-06.
-# https://www.tennessean.com/story/insider/extras/2015/04/06/archives-seigenthaler-for-100-years-the-tennessean-had-it-covered/25348545/
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule	Chicago	1920	only	-	Jun	13	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Chicago	1920	1921	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Chicago	1921	only	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Chicago	1922	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Chicago	1922	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Chicago	1955	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Chicago	-5:50:36 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:24
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
-			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1936 Mar  1  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1936 Nov 15  2:00
-			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1942
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00	Chicago	C%sT	1967
-			-6:00	US	C%sT
-# Oliver County, ND switched from mountain to central time on 1992-10-25.
-Zone America/North_Dakota/Center -6:45:12 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:48
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	1992 Oct 25  2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT
-# Morton County, ND, switched from mountain to central time on
-# 2003-10-26, except for the area around Mandan which was already central time.
-# See .
-# Officially this switch also included part of Sioux County, and
-# Jones, Mellette, and Todd Counties in South Dakota;
-# but in practice these other counties were already observing central time.
-# See .
-Zone America/North_Dakota/New_Salem -6:45:39 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:21
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	2003 Oct 26  2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT
-
-# From Josh Findley (2011-01-21):
-# ...it appears that Mercer County, North Dakota, changed from the
-# mountain time zone to the central time zone at the last transition from
-# daylight-saving to standard time (on Nov. 7, 2010):
-# https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2010-09-29/html/2010-24376.htm
-# http://www.bismarcktribune.com/news/local/article_1eb1b588-c758-11df-b472-001cc4c03286.html
-
-# From Andy Lipscomb (2011-01-24):
-# ...according to the Census Bureau, the largest city is Beulah (although
-# it's commonly referred to as Beulah-Hazen, with Hazen being the next
-# largest city in Mercer County).  Google Maps places Beulah's city hall
-# at 47° 15' 51" N, 101° 46' 40" W, which yields an offset of 6h47'07".
-
-Zone America/North_Dakota/Beulah -6:47:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:12:53
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	2010 Nov  7  2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT
-
-# US mountain time, represented by Denver
-#
-# Colorado, far western Kansas, Montana, western
-# Nebraska, Nevada border (Jackpot, Owyhee, and Mountain City),
-# New Mexico, southwestern North Dakota,
-# western South Dakota, far western Texas (El Paso County, Hudspeth County,
-# and Pine Springs and Nickel Creek in Culberson County), Utah, Wyoming
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-10-25):
-# On 1921-03-04 federal law placed all of Texas into the central time zone.
-# However, El Paso ignored the law for decades and continued to observe
-# mountain time, on the grounds that that's what they had always done
-# and they weren't about to let the federal government tell them what to do.
-# Eventually the federal government gave in and changed the law on
-# 1970-04-10 to match what El Paso was actually doing.  Although
-# that's slightly after our 1970 cutoff, there is no need to create a
-# separate zone for El Paso since they were ignoring the law anyway.  See:
-# Long T. El Pasoans were time rebels, fought to stay in Mountain zone.
-# El Paso Times. 2018-10-24 06:40 -06.
-# https://www.elpasotimes.com/story/news/local/el-paso/2018/10/24/el-pasoans-were-time-rebels-fought-stay-mountain-zone/1744509002/
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule	Denver	1920	1921	-	Mar	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Denver	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Denver	1921	only	-	May	22	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Denver	1965	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Denver	1965	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Denver	-6:59:56 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:00:04
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	1920
-			-7:00	Denver	M%sT	1942
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	1946
-			-7:00	Denver	M%sT	1967
-			-7:00	US	M%sT
-
-# US Pacific time, represented by Los Angeles
-#
-# California, northern Idaho (Benewah, Bonner, Boundary, Clearwater,
-# Kootenai, Latah, Lewis, Nez Perce, and Shoshone counties, Idaho county
-# north of the Salmon River, and the towns of Burgdorf and Warren),
-# Nevada (except West Wendover), Oregon (except the northern ¾ of
-# Malheur county), and Washington
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-08-20):
-# In early February 1948, in response to California's electricity shortage,
-# PG&E changed power frequency from 60 to 59.5 Hz during daylight hours,
-# causing electric clocks to lose six minutes per day.  (This did not change
-# legal time, and is not part of the data here.)  See:
-# Ross SA. An energy crisis from the past: Northern California in 1948.
-# Working Paper No. 8, Institute of Governmental Studies, UC Berkeley,
-# 1973-11.  https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8x22k30c
-#
-# In another measure to save electricity, DST was instituted from 1948-03-14
-# at 02:01 to 1949-01-16 at 02:00, with the governor having the option to move
-# the fallback transition earlier.  See pages 3-4 of:
-# http://clerk.assembly.ca.gov/sites/clerk.assembly.ca.gov/files/archive/Statutes/1948/48Vol1_Chapters.pdf
-#
-# In response:
-#
-#   Governor Warren received a torrent of objecting mail, and it is not too much
-#   to speculate that the objections to Daylight Saving Time were one important
-#   factor in the defeat of the Dewey-Warren Presidential ticket in California.
-#     -- Ross, p 25
-#
-# On December 8 the governor exercised the option, setting the date to January 1
-# (LA Times 1948-12-09).  The transition time was 02:00 (LA Times 1949-01-01).
-#
-# Despite the controversy, in 1949 California voters approved Proposition 12,
-# which established DST from April's last Sunday at 01:00 until September's
-# last Sunday at 02:00. This was amended by 1962's Proposition 6, which changed
-# the fall-back date to October's last Sunday. See:
-# https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1501&context=ca_ballot_props
-# https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1636&context=ca_ballot_props
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule	CA	1948	only	-	Mar	14	2:01	1:00	D
-Rule	CA	1949	only	-	Jan	 1	2:00	0	S
-Rule	CA	1950	1966	-	Apr	lastSun	1:00	1:00	D
-Rule	CA	1950	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	CA	1962	1966	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Los_Angeles -7:52:58 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:07:02
-			-8:00	US	P%sT	1946
-			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1967
-			-8:00	US	P%sT
-
-# Alaska
-# AK%sT is the modern abbreviation for -09 per USNO.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-06-15):
-# Howse writes that Alaska switched from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar,
-# and from east-of-GMT to west-of-GMT days, when the US bought it from Russia.
-# On Friday, 1867-10-18 (Gregorian), at precisely 15:30 local time, the
-# Russian forts and fleet at Sitka fired salutes to mark the ceremony of
-# formal transfer.  See the Sacramento Daily Union (1867-11-14), p 3, col 2.
-# https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SDU18671114.2.12.1
-# Sitka workers did not change their calendars until Sunday, 1867-10-20,
-# and so celebrated two Sundays that week.  See: Ahllund T (tr Hallamaa P).
-# From the memoirs of a Finnish workman. Alaska History. 2006 Fall;21(2):1-25.
-# http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/12/Ahllund-2006-Memoirs-of-a-Finnish-Workman.pdf
-# Include only the time zone part of this transition, ignoring the switch
-# from Julian to Gregorian, since we can't represent the Julian calendar.
-#
-# As far as we know, of the locations mentioned below only Sitka was
-# permanently inhabited in 1867 by anyone using either calendar.
-# (Yakutat was colonized by the Russians in 1799, but the settlement was
-# destroyed in 1805 by a Yakutat-kon war party.)  Many of Alaska's inhabitants
-# were unaware of the US acquisition of Alaska, much less of any calendar or
-# time change.  However, the Russian-influenced part of Alaska did observe
-# Russian time, and it is more accurate to model this than to ignore it.
-# The database format requires an exact transition time; use the Russian
-# salute as a somewhat-arbitrary time for the formal transfer of control for
-# all of Alaska.  Sitka's UTC offset is -9:01:13; adjust its 15:30 to the
-# local times of other Alaskan locations so that they change simultaneously.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-07-18):
-# One opinion of the early-1980s turmoil in Alaska over time zones and
-# daylight saving time appeared as graffiti on a Juneau airport wall:
-# "Welcome to Juneau.  Please turn your watch back to the 19th century."
-# See: Turner W. Alaska's four time zones now two. NY Times 1983-11-01.
-# http://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/01/us/alaska-s-four-time-zones-now-two.html
-#
-# Steve Ferguson (2011-01-31) referred to the following source:
-# Norris F. Keeping time in Alaska: national directives, local response.
-# Alaska History 2001;16(1-2).
-# http://alaskahistoricalsociety.org/discover-alaska/glimpses-of-the-past/keeping-time-in-alaska/
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-01):
-# Here's database-relevant material from the 2001 "Alaska History" article:
-#
-# On September 20 [1979]...DOT...officials decreed that on April 27,
-# 1980, Juneau and other nearby communities would move to Yukon Time.
-# Sitka, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, however, would remain on
-# Pacific Time.
-#
-# ...on September 22, 1980, DOT Secretary Neil E. Goldschmidt rescinded the
-# Department's September 1979 decision. Juneau and other communities in
-# northern Southeast reverted to Pacific Time on October 26.
-#
-# On October 28 [1983]...the Metlakatla Indian Community Council voted
-# unanimously to keep the reservation on Pacific Time.
-#
-# According to DOT official Joanne Petrie, Indian reservations are not
-# bound to follow time zones imposed by neighboring jurisdictions.
-#
-# (The last is consistent with how the database now handles the Navajo
-# Nation.)
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-02-09):
-# I just spoke by phone with a staff member at the Metlakatla Indian
-# Community office (using contact information available at
-# http://www.commerce.state.ak.us/dca/commdb/CIS.cfm?Comm_Boro_name=Metlakatla
-# It's shortly after 1:00 here on the east coast of the United States;
-# the staffer said it was shortly after 10:00 there. When I asked whether
-# that meant they were on Pacific time, they said no - they were on their
-# own time. I asked about daylight saving; they said it wasn't used. I
-# did not inquire about practices in the past.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-08-17):
-# For lack of better information, assume that Metlakatla's
-# abandonment of use of daylight saving resulted from the 1983 vote.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-11-09):
-# It seems Metlakatla did go off PST on Sunday, November 1, changing
-# their time to AKST and are going to follow Alaska's DST, switching
-# between AKST and AKDT from now on....
-# https://www.krbd.org/2015/10/30/annette-island-times-they-are-a-changing/
-
-# From Ryan Stanley (2018-11-06):
-# The Metlakatla community in Alaska has decided not to change its
-# clock back an hour starting on November 4th, 2018 (day before yesterday).
-# They will be gmtoff=-28800 year-round.
-# https://www.facebook.com/141055983004923/photos/pb.141055983004923.-2207520000.1541465673./569081370202380/
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-12-16):
-# In a 2018-12-11 special election, Metlakatla voted to go back to
-# Alaska time (including daylight saving time) starting next year.
-# https://www.krbd.org/2018/12/12/metlakatla-to-follow-alaska-standard-time-allow-liquor-sales/
-#
-# From Ryan Stanley (2019-01-11):
-# The community will be changing back on the 20th of this month...
-# From Tim Parenti (2019-01-11):
-# Per an announcement on the Metlakatla community's official Facebook page, the
-# "fall back" will be on Sunday 2019-01-20 at 02:00:
-# https://www.facebook.com/141055983004923/photos/607150969728753/
-# So they won't be waiting for Alaska to join them on 2019-03-10, but will
-# rather change their clocks twice in seven weeks.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Juneau	 15:02:19 -	LMT	1867 Oct 19 15:33:32
-			 -8:57:41 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
-			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
-			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
-			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
-			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1980 Apr 27  2:00
-			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1980 Oct 26  2:00
-			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
-			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
-			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
-Zone America/Sitka	 14:58:47 -	LMT	1867 Oct 19 15:30
-			 -9:01:13 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
-			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
-			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
-			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
-			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
-			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
-			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
-Zone America/Metlakatla	 15:13:42 -	LMT	1867 Oct 19 15:44:55
-			 -8:46:18 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
-			 -8:00	-	PST	1942
-			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1946
-			 -8:00	-	PST	1969
-			 -8:00	US	P%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
-			 -8:00	-	PST	2015 Nov  1  2:00
-			 -9:00	US	AK%sT	2018 Nov  4  2:00
-			 -8:00	-	PST	2019 Jan 20  2:00
-			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
-Zone America/Yakutat	 14:41:05 -	LMT	1867 Oct 19 15:12:18
-			 -9:18:55 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
-			 -9:00	-	YST	1942
-			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1946
-			 -9:00	-	YST	1969
-			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
-			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
-Zone America/Anchorage	 14:00:24 -	LMT	1867 Oct 19 14:31:37
-			 -9:59:36 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
-			-10:00	-	AST	1942
-			-10:00	US	A%sT	1967 Apr
-			-10:00	-	AHST	1969
-			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
-			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
-			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
-Zone America/Nome	 12:58:22 -	LMT	1867 Oct 19 13:29:35
-			-11:01:38 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
-			-11:00	-	NST	1942
-			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
-			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
-			-11:00	-	BST	1969
-			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
-			 -9:00	US	Y%sT	1983 Nov 30
-			 -9:00	US	AK%sT
-Zone America/Adak	 12:13:22 -	LMT	1867 Oct 19 12:44:35
-			-11:46:38 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20 12:00
-			-11:00	-	NST	1942
-			-11:00	US	N%sT	1946
-			-11:00	-	NST	1967 Apr
-			-11:00	-	BST	1969
-			-11:00	US	B%sT	1983 Oct 30  2:00
-			-10:00	US	AH%sT	1983 Nov 30
-			-10:00	US	H%sT
-# The following switches don't quite make our 1970 cutoff.
-#
-# Shanks writes that part of southwest Alaska (e.g. Aniak)
-# switched from -11:00 to -10:00 on 1968-09-22 at 02:00,
-# and another part (e.g. Akiak) made the same switch five weeks later.
-#
-# From David Flater (2004-11-09):
-# In e-mail, 2004-11-02, Ray Hudson, historian/liaison to the Unalaska
-# Historic Preservation Commission, provided this information, which
-# suggests that Unalaska deviated from statutory time from early 1967
-# possibly until 1983:
-#
-#  Minutes of the Unalaska City Council Meeting, January 10, 1967:
-#  "Except for St. Paul and Akutan, Unalaska is the only important
-#  location not on Alaska Standard Time.  The following resolution was
-#  made by William Robinson and seconded by Henry Swanson: Be it
-#  resolved that the City of Unalaska hereby goes to Alaska Standard
-#  Time as of midnight Friday, January 13, 1967 (1 A.M. Saturday,
-#  January 14, Alaska Standard Time.)  This resolution was passed with
-#  three votes for and one against."
-
-# Hawaii
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2010-12-09):
-# "Hawaiian Time" by Robert C. Schmitt and Doak C. Cox appears on pages 207-225
-# of volume 26 of The Hawaiian Journal of History (1992). As of 2010-12-09,
-# the article is available at
-# https://evols.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10524/239/2/JL26215.pdf
-# and indicates that standard time was adopted effective noon, January
-# 13, 1896 (page 218), that in "1933, the Legislature decreed daylight
-# saving for the period between the last Sunday of each April and the
-# last Sunday of each September, but less than a month later repealed the
-# act," (page 220), that year-round daylight saving time was in effect
-# from 1942-02-09 to 1945-09-30 (page 221, with no time of day given for
-# when clocks changed) and that clocks were changed by 30 minutes
-# effective the second Sunday of June, 1947 (page 219, with no time of
-# day given for when clocks changed). A footnote for the 1933 changes
-# cites Session Laws of Hawaii 1933, "Act. 90 (approved 26 Apr. 1933)
-# and Act 163 (approved 21 May 1933)."
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-01-19):
-# The following is from "Laws of the Territory of Hawaii Passed by the
-# Seventeenth Legislature: Regular Session 1933," available (as of
-# 2011-01-19) at American University's Pence Law Library. Page 85: "Act
-# 90...At 2 o'clock ante meridian of the last Sunday in April of each
-# year, the standard time of this Territory shall be advanced one
-# hour...This Act shall take effect upon its approval. Approved this 26th
-# day of April, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M JUDD, Governor of the Territory of
-# Hawaii." Page 172: "Act 163...Act 90 of the Session Laws of 1933 is
-# hereby repealed...This Act shall take effect upon its approval, upon
-# which date the standard time of this Territory shall be restored to
-# that existing immediately prior to the taking effect of said Act 90.
-# Approved this 21st day of May, A. D. 1933. LAWRENCE M. JUDD, Governor
-# of the Territory of Hawaii."
-#
-# Note that 1933-05-21 was a Sunday.
-# We're left to guess the time of day when Act 163 was approved; guess noon.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Pacific/Honolulu	-10:31:26 -	LMT	1896 Jan 13 12:00
-			-10:30	-	HST	1933 Apr 30  2:00
-			-10:30	1:00	HDT	1933 May 21 12:00
-			-10:30	US	H%sT	1947 Jun  8  2:00
-			-10:00	-	HST
-
-# Now we turn to US areas that have diverged from the consensus since 1970.
-
-# Arizona mostly uses MST.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-20):
-#
-# The information in the rest of this paragraph is derived from the
-# Daylight Saving Time web page
-#  (2002-01-23)
-# maintained by the Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records.
-# Between 1944-01-01 and 1944-04-01 the State of Arizona used standard
-# time, but by federal law railroads, airlines, bus lines, military
-# personnel, and some engaged in interstate commerce continued to
-# observe war (i.e., daylight saving) time.  The 1944-03-17 Phoenix
-# Gazette says that was the date the law changed, and that 04-01 was
-# the date the state's clocks would change.  In 1945 the State of
-# Arizona used standard time all year, again with exceptions only as
-# mandated by federal law.  Arizona observed DST in 1967, but Arizona
-# Laws 1968, ch. 183 (effective 1968-03-21) repealed DST.
-#
-# Shanks says the 1944 experiment came to an end on 1944-03-17.
-# Go with the Arizona State Library instead.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Phoenix	-7:28:18 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 11:31:42
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Jan  1  0:01
-			-7:00	-	MST	1944 Apr  1  0:01
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	1944 Oct  1  0:01
-			-7:00	-	MST	1967
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	1968 Mar 21
-			-7:00	-	MST
-# From Arthur David Olson (1988-02-13):
-# A writer from the Inter Tribal Council of Arizona, Inc.,
-# notes in private correspondence dated 1987-12-28 that "Presently, only the
-# Navajo Nation participates in the Daylight Saving Time policy, due to its
-# large size and location in three states."  (The "only" means that other
-# tribal nations don't use DST.)
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-08-26):
-# See America/Denver for a zone appropriate for the Navajo Nation.
-
-# Southern Idaho (Ada, Adams, Bannock, Bear Lake, Bingham, Blaine,
-# Boise, Bonneville, Butte, Camas, Canyon, Caribou, Cassia, Clark,
-# Custer, Elmore, Franklin, Fremont, Gem, Gooding, Jefferson, Jerome,
-# Lemhi, Lincoln, Madison, Minidoka, Oneida, Owyhee, Payette, Power,
-# Teton, Twin Falls, Valley, Washington counties, and the southern
-# quarter of Idaho county) and eastern Oregon (most of Malheur County)
-# switched four weeks late in 1974.
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Boise	-7:44:49 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:11
-			-8:00	US	P%sT	1923 May 13  2:00
-			-7:00	US	M%sT	1974
-			-7:00	-	MST	1974 Feb  3  2:00
-			-7:00	US	M%sT
-
-# Indiana
-#
-# For a map of Indiana's time zone regions, see:
-# https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Indiana
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-11-30):
-# A brief but entertaining history of time in Indiana describes a 1949 debate
-# in the Indiana House where city legislators (who favored "fast time")
-# tussled with farm legislators (who didn't) over a bill to outlaw DST:
-#  "Lacking enough votes, the city faction tries to filibuster until time runs
-#   out on the session at midnight, but rural champion Rep. Herbert Copeland,
-#   R-Madison, leans over the gallery railing and forces the official clock
-#   back to 9 p.m., breaking it in the process.  The clock sticks on 9 as the
-#   debate rages on into the night.  The filibuster finally dies out and the
-#   bill passes, while outside the chamber, clocks read 3:30 a.m.  In the end,
-#   it doesn't matter which side won.  The law has no enforcement powers and
-#   is simply ignored by fast-time communities."
-# How Indiana went from 'God's time' to split zones and daylight-saving.
-# Indianapolis Star. 2018-11-27 14:58 -05.
-# https://www.indystar.com/story/news/politics/2018/11/27/indianapolis-indiana-time-zone-history-central-eastern-daylight-savings-time/2126300002/
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
-# Since 1970, most of Indiana has been like America/Indiana/Indianapolis,
-# with the following exceptions:
-#
-# - Gibson, Jasper, Lake, LaPorte, Newton, Porter, Posey, Spencer,
-#   Vanderburgh, and Warrick counties have been like America/Chicago.
-#
-# - Dearborn and Ohio counties have been like America/New_York.
-#
-# - Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties have been like
-#   America/Kentucky/Louisville.
-#
-# - Crawford, Daviess, Dubois, Knox, Martin, Perry, Pike, Pulaski, Starke,
-#   and Switzerland counties have their own time zone histories as noted below.
-#
-# Shanks partitioned Indiana into 345 regions, each with its own time history,
-# and wrote "Even newspaper reports present contradictory information."
-# Those Hoosiers!  Such a flighty and changeable people!
-# Fortunately, most of the complexity occurred before our cutoff date of 1970.
-#
-# Other than Indianapolis, the Indiana place names are so nondescript
-# that they would be ambiguous if we left them at the 'America' level.
-# So we reluctantly put them all in a subdirectory 'America/Indiana'.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-06-26):
-# https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2006/01/20/06-563/standard-time-zone-boundary-in-the-state-of-indiana
-# says "DOT is relocating the time zone boundary in Indiana to move Starke,
-# Pulaski, Knox, Daviess, Martin, Pike, Dubois, and Perry Counties from the
-# Eastern Time Zone to the Central Time Zone.... The effective date of
-# this rule is 2 a.m. EST Sunday, April 2, 2006, which is the
-# changeover date from standard time to Daylight Saving Time."
-# Strictly speaking, this meant the affected counties changed their
-# clocks twice that night, but this obviously was in error.  The intent
-# was that 01:59:59 EST be followed by 02:00:00 CDT.
-
-# From Gwillim Law (2007-02-10):
-# The Associated Press has been reporting that Pulaski County, Indiana is
-# going to switch from Central to Eastern Time on March 11, 2007....
-# http://www.indystar.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070207/LOCAL190108/702070524/0/LOCAL
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule Indianapolis 1941	only	-	Jun	22	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule Indianapolis 1941	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule Indianapolis 1946	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Indianapolis -5:44:38 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:15:22
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1920
-			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1942
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00 Indianapolis C%sT	1955 Apr 24  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1957 Sep 29  2:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	1958 Apr 27  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1969
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006
-			-5:00	US	E%sT
-#
-# Eastern Crawford County, Indiana, left its clocks alone in 1974,
-# as well as from 1976 through 2005.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule	Marengo	1951	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Marengo	1951	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Marengo	1954	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Marengo	1954	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Marengo -5:45:23 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:14:37
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1951
-			-6:00	Marengo	C%sT	1961 Apr 30  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1969
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6  2:00
-			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27  2:00
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1976
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006
-			-5:00	US	E%sT
-#
-# Daviess, Dubois, Knox, and Martin Counties, Indiana,
-# switched from eastern to central time in April 2006, then switched back
-# in November 2007.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule Vincennes	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule Vincennes	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule Vincennes	1953	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule Vincennes	1953	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule Vincennes	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule Vincennes	1956	1963	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule Vincennes	1960	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule Vincennes	1961	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule Vincennes	1962	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Vincennes -5:50:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:09:53
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00 Vincennes	C%sT	1964 Apr 26  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1969
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4  2:00
-			-5:00	US	E%sT
-#
-# Perry County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in April 2006.
-# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-09):
-# The Indianapolis News, Friday 27 October 1967 states that Perry County
-# returned to CST.  It went again to EST on 27 April 1969, as documented by the
-# Indianapolis star of Saturday 26 April.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule Perry	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule Perry	1955	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule Perry	1956	1963	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule Perry	1961	1963	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Tell_City -5:47:03 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:12:57
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00 Perry	C%sT	1964 Apr 26  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1967 Oct 29  2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1969 Apr 27  2:00
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT
-#
-# Pike County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1977,
-# then switched back in 2006, then switched back again in 2007.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule	Pike	1955	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Pike	1955	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Pike	1956	1964	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Pike	1961	1964	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Petersburg -5:49:07 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:10:53
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1955
-			-6:00	Pike	C%sT	1965 Apr 25  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1966 Oct 30  2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1977 Oct 30  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Nov  4  2:00
-			-5:00	US	E%sT
-#
-# Starke County, Indiana moved from central to eastern time in 1991,
-# then switched back in 2006.
-# From Arthur David Olson (1991-10-28):
-# An article on page A3 of the Sunday, 1991-10-27 Washington Post
-# notes that Starke County switched from Central time to Eastern time as of
-# 1991-10-27.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule	Starke	1947	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Starke	1947	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Starke	1955	1956	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Starke	1957	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Starke	1959	1961	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Knox -5:46:30 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:30
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1947
-			-6:00	Starke	C%sT	1962 Apr 29  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1963 Oct 27  2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1991 Oct 27  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT
-#
-# Pulaski County, Indiana, switched from eastern to central time in
-# April 2006 and then switched back in March 2007.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule	Pulaski	1946	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Pulaski	1946	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Pulaski	1955	1956	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Pulaski	1957	1960	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Winamac -5:46:25 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:13:35
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00	Pulaski	C%sT	1961 Apr 30  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1969
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1971
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006 Apr  2  2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	2007 Mar 11  2:00
-			-5:00	US	E%sT
-#
-# Switzerland County, Indiana, did not observe DST from 1973 through 2005.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Indiana/Vevay -5:40:16 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:19:44
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1954 Apr 25  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1969
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1973
-			-5:00	-	EST	2006
-			-5:00	US	E%sT
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-03-20):
-# The Louisville & Nashville Railroad's 1883-11-18 change occurred at
-# 10:00 old local time; train were supposed to come to a standstill
-# for precisely 18 minutes.  See Bartky Fig. 1 (page 50).  It is not
-# clear how this matched civil time in Louisville, so for now continue
-# to assume Louisville switched at noon new local time, like New York.
-#
-# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06):
-# From the contemporary source given by Alois Treindl,
-# the switch in Louisville on 1946-04-28 was on 00:01
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-26):
-# That source was the Louisville Courier-Journal, 1946-04-27, p 4.
-# Shanks gives 02:00 for all 20th-century transition times in Louisville.
-# Evidently this is wrong for spring 1946.  Although also likely wrong
-# for other dates, we have no data.
-#
-# Part of Kentucky left its clocks alone in 1974.
-# This also includes Clark, Floyd, and Harrison counties in Indiana.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule Louisville	1921	only	-	May	1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule Louisville	1921	only	-	Sep	1	2:00	0	S
-Rule Louisville	1941	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule Louisville	1941	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule Louisville	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	0:01	1:00	D
-Rule Louisville	1946	only	-	Jun	2	2:00	0	S
-Rule Louisville	1950	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule Louisville	1950	1955	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule Louisville	1956	1961	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Kentucky/Louisville -5:43:02 -	LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:16:58
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1921
-			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1942
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00 Louisville C%sT	1961 Jul 23  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1968
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1974 Jan  6  2:00
-			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1974 Oct 27  2:00
-			-5:00	US	E%sT
-#
-# Wayne County, Kentucky
-#
-# From Lake Cumberland LIFE
-# http://www.lake-cumberland.com/life/archive/news990129time.shtml
-# (1999-01-29) via WKYM-101.7:
-# Clinton County has joined Wayne County in asking the DoT to change from
-# the Central to the Eastern time zone....  The Wayne County government made
-# the same request in December.  And while Russell County officials have not
-# taken action, the majority of respondents to a poll conducted there in
-# August indicated they would like to change to "fast time" also.
-# The three Lake Cumberland counties are the farthest east of any U.S.
-# location in the Central time zone.
-#
-# From Rich Wales (2000-08-29):
-# After prolonged debate, and despite continuing deep differences of opinion,
-# Wayne County (central Kentucky) is switching from Central (-0600) to Eastern
-# (-0500) time.  They won't "fall back" this year.  See Sara Shipley,
-# The difference an hour makes, Nando Times (2000-08-29 15:33 -0400).
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-16):
-# The final rule was published in the
-# Federal Register 65, 160 (2000-08-17), pp 50154-50158.
-# https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2000-08-17/html/00-20854.htm
-#
-Zone America/Kentucky/Monticello -5:39:24 - LMT	1883 Nov 18 12:20:36
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00	-	CST	1968
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
-			-5:00	US	E%sT
-
-
-# From Rives McDow (2000-08-30):
-# Here ... are all the changes in the US since 1985.
-# Kearny County, KS (put all of county on central;
-#	previously split between MST and CST) ... 1990-10
-# Starke County, IN (from CST to EST) ... 1991-10
-# Oliver County, ND (from MST to CST) ... 1992-10
-# West Wendover, NV (from PST TO MST) ... 1999-10
-# Wayne County, KY (from CST to EST) ... 2000-10
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-07-17):
-# We don't know where the line used to be within Kearny County, KS,
-# so omit that change for now.
-# See America/Indiana/Knox for the Starke County, IN change.
-# See America/North_Dakota/Center for the Oliver County, ND change.
-# West Wendover, NV officially switched from Pacific to mountain time on
-# 1999-10-31.  See the
-# Federal Register 64, 203 (1999-10-21), pp 56705-56707.
-# https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1999-10-21/html/99-27240.htm
-# However, the Federal Register says that West Wendover already operated
-# on mountain time, and the rule merely made this official;
-# hence a separate tz entry is not needed.
-
-# Michigan
-#
-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
-# Michigan didn't observe DST from 1968 to 1973.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-03-31):
-# Shanks writes that Michigan started using standard time on 1885-09-18,
-# but Howse writes (pp 124-125, referring to Popular Astronomy, 1901-01)
-# that Detroit kept
-#
-#	local time until 1900 when the City Council decreed that clocks should
-#	be put back twenty-eight minutes to Central Standard Time.  Half the
-#	city obeyed, half refused.  After considerable debate, the decision
-#	was rescinded and the city reverted to Sun time.  A derisive offer to
-#	erect a sundial in front of the city hall was referred to the
-#	Committee on Sewers.  Then, in 1905, Central time was adopted
-#	by city vote.
-#
-# This story is too entertaining to be false, so go with Howse over Shanks.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06):
-# Garland (1927) writes "Cleveland and Detroit advanced their clocks
-# one hour in 1914."  This change is not in Shanks.  We have no more
-# info, so omit this for now.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-06):
-# Due to a complicated set of legal maneuvers, in 1967 Michigan did
-# not start daylight saving time when the rest of the US did.
-# Instead, it began DST on Jun 14 at 00:01.  This was big news:
-# the Detroit Free Press reported it at the top of Page 1 on
-# 1967-06-14, in an article "State Adjusting to Switch to Fast Time"
-# by Gary Blonston, above an article about Thurgood Marshall's
-# confirmation to the US Supreme Court.  Although Shanks says Detroit
-# observed DST until 1967-10-29 00:01, that time of day seems to be
-# incorrect, as the Free Press later said DST ended in Michigan at the
-# same time as the rest of the US.  Also, although Shanks reports no DST in
-# Detroit in 1968, it did observe DST that year; in the November 1968
-# election Michigan voters narrowly repealed DST, effective 1969.
-#
-# Most of Michigan observed DST from 1973 on, but was a bit late in 1975.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule	Detroit	1948	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Detroit	1948	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Detroit	-5:32:11 -	LMT	1905
-			-6:00	-	CST	1915 May 15  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1942
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1946
-			-5:00	Detroit	E%sT	1967 Jun 14  0:01
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1969
-			-5:00	-	EST	1973
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1975
-			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Apr 27  2:00
-			-5:00	US	E%sT
-#
-# Dickinson, Gogebic, Iron, and Menominee Counties, Michigan,
-# switched from EST to CST/CDT in 1973.
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER
-Rule Menominee	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule Menominee	1946	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule Menominee	1966	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule Menominee	1966	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Menominee	-5:50:27 -	LMT	1885 Sep 18 12:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1946
-			-6:00 Menominee	C%sT	1969 Apr 27  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1973 Apr 29  2:00
-			-6:00	US	C%sT
-
-# Navassa
-# administered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service
-# claimed by US under the provisions of the 1856 Guano Islands Act
-# also claimed by Haiti
-# occupied 1857/1900 by the Navassa Phosphate Co
-# US lighthouse 1917/1996-09
-# currently uninhabited
-# see Mark Fineman, "An Isle Rich in Guano and Discord",
-# _Los Angeles Times_ (1998-11-10), A1, A10; it cites
-# Jimmy Skaggs, _The Great Guano Rush_ (1994).
-
-################################################################################
-
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
-#
-# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
-# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
-# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
-#
-# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
-# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
-# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
-# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
-# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
-#
-# Other sources occasionally used include:
-#
-#	Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
-#	.
-#
-#	Pearce C. The Great Daylight Saving Time Controversy.
-#	Australian Ebook Publisher. 2017. ISBN 978-1-925516-96-8.
-#
-#	Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
-#	Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
-#	which I found in the UCLA library.
-#
-#	William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
-#	
-#	[PDF] (1914-03)
-#
-# See the 'europe' file for Greenland.
-
-# Canada
-
-# From Alain LaBonté (1994-11-14):
-# I post here the time zone abbreviations standardized in Canada
-# for both English and French in the CAN/CSA-Z234.4-89 standard....
-#
-#	UTC	Standard time	Daylight saving time
-#	offset	French	English	French	English
-#	-2:30	-	-	HAT	NDT
-#	-3	-	-	HAA	ADT
-#	-3:30	HNT	NST	-	-
-#	-4	HNA	AST	HAE	EDT
-#	-5	HNE	EST	HAC	CDT
-#	-6	HNC	CST	HAR	MDT
-#	-7	HNR	MST	HAP	PDT
-#	-8	HNP	PST	HAY	YDT
-#	-9	HNY	YST	-	-
-#
-#	HN: Heure Normale	ST: Standard Time
-#	HA: Heure Avancée	DT: Daylight saving Time
-#
-#	A: de l'Atlantique	Atlantic
-#	C: du Centre		Central
-#	E: de l'Est		Eastern
-#	M:			Mountain
-#	N:			Newfoundland
-#	P: du Pacifique		Pacific
-#	R: des Rocheuses
-#	T: de Terre-Neuve
-#	Y: du Yukon		Yukon
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (1994-11-22):
-# Alas, this sort of thing must be handled by localization software.
-
-# Unless otherwise specified, the data entries for Canada are all from Shanks
-# & Pottenger.
-
-# From Chris Walton (2006-04-01, 2006-04-25, 2006-06-26, 2007-01-31,
-# 2007-03-01):
-# The British Columbia government announced yesterday that it will
-# adjust daylight savings next year to align with changes in the
-# U.S. and the rest of Canada....
-# https://archive.news.gov.bc.ca/releases/news_releases_2005-2009/2006AG0014-000330.htm
-# ...
-# Nova Scotia
-# Daylight saving time will be extended by four weeks starting in 2007....
-# https://www.novascotia.ca/just/regulations/rg2/2006/ma1206.pdf
-#
-# [For New Brunswick] the new legislation dictates that the time change is to
-# be done at 02:00 instead of 00:01.
-# https://www.gnb.ca/0062/acts/BBA-2006/Chap-19.pdf
-# ...
-# Manitoba has traditionally changed the clock every fall at 03:00.
-# As of 2006, the transition is to take place one hour earlier at 02:00.
-# https://web2.gov.mb.ca/laws/statutes/ccsm/o030e.php
-# ...
-# [Alberta, Ontario, Quebec] will follow US rules.
-# http://www.qp.gov.ab.ca/documents/spring/CH03_06.CFM
-# http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2006/R06111_e.htm
-# http://www2.publicationsduquebec.gouv.qc.ca/dynamicSearch/telecharge.php?type=5&file=2006C39A.PDF
-# ...
-# P.E.I. will follow US rules....
-# http://www.assembly.pe.ca/bills/pdf_chapter/62/3/chapter-41.pdf
-# ...
-# Province of Newfoundland and Labrador....
-# http://www.hoa.gov.nl.ca/hoa/bills/Bill0634.htm
-# ...
-# Yukon
-# https://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2006_127.pdf
-# ...
-# N.W.T. will follow US rules.  Whoever maintains the government web site
-# does not seem to believe in bookmarks.  To see the news release, click the
-# following link and search for "Daylight Savings Time Change".  Press the
-# "Daylight Savings Time Change" link; it will fire off a popup using
-# JavaScript.
-# http://www.exec.gov.nt.ca/currentnews/currentPR.asp?mode=archive
-# ...
-# Nunavut
-# An amendment to the Interpretation Act was registered on February 19/2007....
-# http://action.attavik.ca/home/justice-gn/attach/2007/gaz02part2.pdf
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-18):
-# H. David Matthews and Mary Vincent's map
-# "It's about TIME", _Canadian Geographic_ (September-October 1998)
-# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/alacarte.asp
-# contains detailed boundaries for regions observing nonstandard
-# time and daylight saving time arrangements in Canada circa 1998.
-#
-# National Research Council Canada maintains info about time zones and DST.
-# https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/time_zones.html
-# https://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/services/time/faq/index.html#Q5
-# Its unofficial information is often taken from Matthews and Vincent.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-27):
-# For now, assume all of DST-observing Canada will fall into line with the
-# new US DST rules,
-
-# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01)
-# In the first of Tammy Hardwick's articles
-# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
-# she quotes the Friday November 1/1918 edition of the Creston Review.
-# The quote includes these two statements:
-# 'Sunday the CPR went back to the old system of time...'
-# '... The daylight saving scheme was dropped all over Canada at the same time,'
-# These statements refer to a transition from daylight time to standard time
-# that occurred nationally on Sunday October 27/1918.  This transition was
-# also documented in the Saturday October 26/1918 edition of the Toronto Star.
-
-# In light of that evidence, we alter the date from the earlier believed
-# Oct 31, to Oct 27, 1918 (and Sunday is a more likely transition day
-# than Thursday) in all Canadian rulesets.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Canada	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Canada	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
-Rule	Canada	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
-Rule	Canada	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Canada	1974	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Canada	1974	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Canada	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Canada	2007	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Canada	2007	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
-
-
-# Newfoundland and Labrador
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-10-14):
-# Legally Labrador should observe Newfoundland time; see:
-# McLeod J. Labrador time - legal or not? St. John's Telegram, 2017-10-07
-# http://www.thetelegram.com/news/local/labrador-time--legal-or-not-154860/
-# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that the only part of Labrador
-# that follows the rules is the southeast corner, including Port Hope
-# Simpson and Mary's Harbour, but excluding, say, Black Tickle.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	StJohns	1917	only	-	Apr	 8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	StJohns	1917	only	-	Sep	17	2:00	0	S
-# Whitman gives 1919 Apr 5 and 1920 Apr 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	StJohns	1919	only	-	May	 5	23:00	1:00	D
-Rule	StJohns	1919	only	-	Aug	12	23:00	0	S
-# For 1931-1935 Whitman gives Apr same date; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	StJohns	1920	1935	-	May	Sun>=1	23:00	1:00	D
-Rule	StJohns	1920	1935	-	Oct	lastSun	23:00	0	S
-# For 1936-1941 Whitman gives May Sun>=8 and Oct Sun>=1; go with Shanks &
-# Pottenger.
-Rule	StJohns	1936	1941	-	May	Mon>=9	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	StJohns	1936	1941	-	Oct	Mon>=2	0:00	0	S
-# Whitman gives the following transitions:
-# 1942 03-01/12-31, 1943 05-30/09-05, 1944 07-10/09-02, 1945 01-01/10-07
-# but go with Shanks & Pottenger and assume they used Canadian rules.
-# For 1946-9 Whitman gives May 5,4,9,1 - Oct 1,5,3,2, and for 1950 he gives
-# Apr 30 - Sep 24; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	StJohns	1946	1950	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	StJohns	1946	1950	-	Oct	Sun>=2	2:00	0	S
-Rule	StJohns	1951	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	StJohns	1951	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	StJohns	1960	1986	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
-# INMS (2000-09-12) says that, since 1988 at least, Newfoundland switches
-# at 00:01 local time.  For now, assume it started in 1987.
-
-# From Michael Pelley (2011-09-12):
-# We received today, Monday, September 12, 2011, notification that the
-# changes to the Newfoundland Standard Time Act have been proclaimed.
-# The change in the Act stipulates that the change from Daylight Savings
-# Time to Standard Time and from Standard Time to Daylight Savings Time
-# now occurs at 2:00AM.
-# ...
-# http://www.assembly.nl.ca/legislation/sr/annualstatutes/2011/1106.chp.htm
-# ...
-# MICHAEL PELLEY  |  Manager of Enterprise Architecture - Solution Delivery
-# Office of the Chief Information Officer
-# Executive Council
-# Government of Newfoundland & Labrador
-
-Rule	StJohns	1987	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
-Rule	StJohns	1987	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:01	0	S
-Rule	StJohns	1988	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	2:00	DD
-Rule	StJohns	1989	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
-Rule	StJohns	2007	2011	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:01	1:00	D
-Rule	StJohns	2007	2010	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:01	0	S
-#
-# St John's has an apostrophe, but Posix file names can't have apostrophes.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/St_Johns	-3:30:52 -	LMT	1884
-			-3:30:52 StJohns N%sT	1918
-			-3:30:52 Canada	N%sT	1919
-			-3:30:52 StJohns N%sT	1935 Mar 30
-			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
-			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
-			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	2011 Nov
-			-3:30	Canada	N%sT
-
-# most of east Labrador
-
-# The name 'Happy Valley-Goose Bay' is too long; use 'Goose Bay'.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Goose_Bay	-4:01:40 -	LMT	1884 # Happy Valley-Goose Bay
-			-3:30:52 -	NST	1918
-			-3:30:52 Canada N%sT	1919
-			-3:30:52 -	NST	1935 Mar 30
-			-3:30	-	NST	1936
-			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1942 May 11
-			-3:30	Canada	N%sT	1946
-			-3:30	StJohns	N%sT	1966 Mar 15  2:00
-			-4:00	StJohns	A%sT	2011 Nov
-			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
-
-
-# west Labrador, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward I,
-# Îles-de-la-Madeleine, Listuguj reserve
-
-# From Brian Inglis (2015-07-20):
-# From the historical weather station records available at:
-# https://weatherspark.com/history/28351/1971/Sydney-Nova-Scotia-Canada
-# Sydney shares the same time history as Glace Bay, so was
-# likely to be the same across the island....
-# Sydney, as the capital and most populous location, or Cape Breton, would
-# have been better names for the zone had we known this in 1996.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-20):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has been like
-# Halifax.  Many locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1972;
-# the Cape Breton area, represented by Glace Bay, is the largest we know of
-# (Glace Bay was perhaps not the best name choice but no point changing now).
-# Shanks & Pottenger also write that Liverpool, NS was the only town
-# in Canada to observe DST in 1971 but not 1970; for now we'll assume
-# this is a typo.
-
-# From Jeffery Nichols (2020-01-09):
-# America/Halifax ... also applies to Îles-de-la-Madeleine and the Listuguj
-# reserve in Quebec. Officially, this came into effect on January 1, 2007
-# (Legal Time Act, CQLR c T-5.1), but the legislative debates surrounding that
-# bill say that it is "accommodating the customs and practices" of those
-# regions, which suggests that they have always been in-line with Halifax.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Halifax	1916	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1916	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1920	only	-	May	 9	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1920	only	-	Aug	29	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1921	only	-	May	 6	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1921	1922	-	Sep	 5	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1922	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1923	1925	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1923	only	-	Sep	 4	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1924	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1925	only	-	Sep	28	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1926	only	-	May	16	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1926	only	-	Sep	13	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1927	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1927	only	-	Sep	26	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1928	1931	-	May	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1928	only	-	Sep	 9	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1929	only	-	Sep	 3	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1930	only	-	Sep	15	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1931	1932	-	Sep	Mon>=24	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1932	only	-	May	 1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1933	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1933	only	-	Oct	 2	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1934	only	-	May	20	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1934	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1935	only	-	Jun	 2	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1935	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1936	only	-	Jun	 1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1936	only	-	Sep	14	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1937	1938	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1937	1941	-	Sep	Mon>=24	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1939	only	-	May	28	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1940	1941	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1946	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1946	1949	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1951	1954	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1951	1954	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1956	1959	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1956	1959	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Halifax	1962	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Halifax	1962	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Halifax	-4:14:24 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
-			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1918
-			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1919
-			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
-			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1946
-			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1974
-			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
-Zone America/Glace_Bay	-3:59:48 -	LMT	1902 Jun 15
-			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1953
-			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1954
-			-4:00	-	AST	1972
-			-4:00	Halifax	A%sT	1974
-			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
-
-# New Brunswick
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-01-31):
-# The Time Definition Act 
-# says they changed at 00:01 through 2006, and
-#  makes it
-# clear that this was the case since at least 1993.
-# For now, assume it started in 1993.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Moncton	1933	1935	-	Jun	Sun>=8	1:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Moncton	1933	1935	-	Sep	Sun>=8	1:00	0	S
-Rule	Moncton	1936	1938	-	Jun	Sun>=1	1:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Moncton	1936	1938	-	Sep	Sun>=1	1:00	0	S
-Rule	Moncton	1939	only	-	May	27	1:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Moncton	1939	1941	-	Sep	Sat>=21	1:00	0	S
-Rule	Moncton	1940	only	-	May	19	1:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Moncton	1941	only	-	May	 4	1:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Moncton	1946	1972	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Moncton	1946	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Moncton	1957	1972	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Moncton	1993	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:01	1:00	D
-Rule	Moncton	1993	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:01	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Moncton	-4:19:08 -	LMT	1883 Dec  9
-			-5:00	-	EST	1902 Jun 15
-			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1933
-			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	1942
-			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1946
-			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	1973
-			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1993
-			-4:00	Moncton	A%sT	2007
-			-4:00	Canada	A%sT
-
-# Quebec
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2020-01-10):
-# See America/Toronto for most of Quebec, including Montreal.
-# See America/Halifax for the Îles de la Madeleine and the Listuguj reserve.
-#
-# Matthews and Vincent (1998) also write that Quebec east of the -63
-# meridian is supposed to observe AST, but residents as far east as
-# Natashquan use EST/EDT, and residents east of Natashquan use AST.
-# The Quebec department of justice writes in
-# "The situation in Minganie and Basse-Côte-Nord"
-# https://www.justice.gouv.qc.ca/en/department/ministre/functions-and-responsabilities/legal-time-in-quebec/the-situation-in-minganie-and-basse-cote-nord/
-# that the coastal strip from just east of Natashquan to Blanc-Sablon
-# observes Atlantic standard time all year round.
-# This common practice was codified into law as of 2007; see Legal Time Act,
-# CQLR c T-5.1 .
-# For lack of better info, guess this practice began around 1970, contra to
-# Shanks & Pottenger who have this region observing AST/ADT.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Blanc-Sablon -3:48:28 -	LMT	1884
-			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1970
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
-# Ontario
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
-# Toronto.
-# Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
-# Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
-# Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
-# Far west Ontario is like Winnipeg; far east Quebec is like Halifax.
-
-# From Jeffery Nichols (2020-02-06):
-# According to the [Shanks] atlas, those western Ontario zones are huge,
-# covering most of Ontario northwest of Sault Ste Marie and Timmins.
-# The zones seem to include towns bigger than the ones they're named after,
-# like Dryden in America/Rainy_River and Wawa (and maybe Attawapiskat) in
-# America/Nipigon.  I assume it's too much trouble to change the name of the
-# zone (like when you found out that America/Glace_Bay includes Sydney, Nova
-# Scotia)....
-
-# From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
-# [According to the Toronto Star] Orillia, Ontario, adopted DST
-# effective Saturday, 1912-06-22, 22:00; the article mentions that
-# Port Arthur (now part of Thunder Bay, Ontario) as well as Moose Jaw
-# have already done so.  In Orillia DST was to run until Saturday,
-# 1912-08-31 (no time mentioned), but it was met with considerable
-# hostility from certain segments of the public, and was revoked after
-# only two weeks - I copied it as Saturday, 1912-07-07, 22:00, but
-# presumably that should be -07-06.  (1912-06-19, -07-12; also letters
-# earlier in June).
-#
-# Kenora, Ontario, was to abandon DST on 1914-06-01 (-05-21).
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-07-08):
-# For more on Orillia, see: Daubs K. Bold attempt at daylight saving
-# time became a comic failure in Orillia. Toronto Star 2017-07-08.
-# https://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2017/07/08/bold-attempt-at-daylight-saving-time-became-a-comic-failure-in-orillia.html
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1997-10-17):
-# Mark Brader writes that an article in the 1997-10-14 Toronto Star
-# says that Atikokan, Ontario currently does not observe DST,
-# but will vote on 11-10 whether to use EST/EDT.
-# He also writes that the Ontario Time Act (1990, Chapter T.9)
-# http://www.gov.on.ca/MBS/english/publications/statregs/conttext.html
-# says that Ontario east of 90W uses EST/EDT, and west of 90W uses CST/CDT.
-# Officially Atikokan is therefore on CST/CDT, and most likely this report
-# concerns a non-official time observed as a matter of local practice.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
-# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Atikokan, Pickle Lake, and
-# New Osnaburgh observe CST all year, that Big Trout Lake observes
-# CST/CDT, and that Upsala and Shebandowan observe EST/EDT, all in
-# violation of the official Ontario rules.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
-# Chris Walton (2006-07-06) mentioned an article by Stephanie MacLellan in the
-# 2005-07-21 Chronicle-Journal, which said:
-#
-#	The clocks in Atikokan stay set on standard time year-round.
-#	This means they spend about half the time on central time and
-#	the other half on eastern time.
-#
-#	For the most part, the system works, Mayor Dennis Brown said.
-#
-#	"The majority of businesses in Atikokan deal more with Eastern
-#	Canada, but there are some that deal with Western Canada," he
-#	said.  "I don't see any changes happening here."
-#
-# Walton also writes "Supposedly Pickle Lake and Mishkeegogamang
-# [New Osnaburgh] follow the same practice."
-
-# From Garry McKinnon (2006-07-14) via Chris Walton:
-# I chatted with a member of my board who has an outstanding memory
-# and a long history in Atikokan (and in the telecom industry) and he
-# can say for certain that Atikokan has been practicing the current
-# time keeping since 1952, at least.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-07-17):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that Atikokan has agreed with Rainy River
-# ever since standard time was introduced, but the information from
-# McKinnon sounds more authoritative.  For now, assume that Atikokan
-# switched to EST immediately after WWII era daylight saving time
-# ended.  This matches the old (less-populous) America/Coral_Harbour
-# entry since our cutoff date of 1970, so we can move
-# America/Coral_Harbour to the 'backward' file.
-
-# From Mark Brader (2010-03-06):
-#
-# Currently the database has:
-#
-# # Ontario
-#
-# # From Paul Eggert (2006-07-09):
-# # Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of Ontario has been like
-# # Toronto.
-# # Thunder Bay skipped DST in 1973.
-# # Many smaller locales did not observe peacetime DST until 1974;
-# # Nipigon (EST) and Rainy River (CST) are the largest that we know of.
-#
-# In the (Toronto) Globe and Mail for Saturday, 1955-09-24, in the bottom
-# right corner of page 1, it says that Toronto will return to standard
-# time at 2 am Sunday morning (which agrees with the database), and that:
-#
-#     The one-hour setback will go into effect throughout most of Ontario,
-#     except in areas like Windsor which remains on standard time all year.
-#
-# Windsor is, of course, a lot larger than Nipigon.
-#
-# I only came across this incidentally.  I don't know if Windsor began
-# observing DST when Detroit did, or in 1974, or on some other date.
-#
-# By the way, the article continues by noting that:
-#
-#     Some cities in the United States have pushed the deadline back
-#     three weeks and will change over from daylight saving in October.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2010-07-17):
-#
-# "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" appeared in
-# The Journal of The Royal Astronomical Society of Canada,
-# volume 26, number 2 (February 1932) and, as of 2010-07-17,
-# was available at
-# http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1932JRASC..26...49S
-#
-# It includes the text below (starting on page 57):
-#
-#   A list of the places in Canada using daylight saving time would
-# require yearly revision. From information kindly furnished by
-# the provincial governments and by the postmasters in many cities
-# and towns, it is found that the following places used daylight sav-
-# ing in 1930. The information for the province of Quebec is definite,
-# for the other provinces only approximate:
-#
-#	Province	Daylight saving time used
-# Prince Edward Island	Not used.
-# Nova Scotia		In Halifax only.
-# New Brunswick		In St. John only.
-# Quebec		In the following places:
-#			Montreal	Lachine
-#			Quebec		Mont-Royal
-#			Lévis		Iberville
-#			St. Lambert	Cap de la Madelèine
-#			Verdun		Loretteville
-#			Westmount	Richmond
-#			Outremont	St. Jérôme
-#			Longueuil	Greenfield Park
-#			Arvida		Waterloo
-#			Chambly-Canton	Beaulieu
-#			Melbourne	La Tuque
-#			St. Théophile	Buckingham
-# Ontario		Used generally in the cities and towns along
-#			the southerly part of the province. Not
-#			used in the northwesterly part.
-# Manitoba		Not used.
-# Saskatchewan		In Regina only.
-# Alberta		Not used.
-# British Columbia	Not used.
-#
-#   With some exceptions, the use of daylight saving may be said to be limited
-# to those cities and towns lying between Quebec city and Windsor, Ont.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Toronto	1919	only	-	Mar	30	23:30	1:00	D
-Rule	Toronto	1919	only	-	Oct	26	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Toronto	1920	only	-	May	 2	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Toronto	1920	only	-	Sep	26	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Toronto	1921	only	-	May	15	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Toronto	1921	only	-	Sep	15	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Toronto	1922	1923	-	May	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-# Shanks & Pottenger say 1923-09-19; assume it's a typo and that "-16"
-# was meant.
-Rule	Toronto	1922	1926	-	Sep	Sun>=15	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Toronto	1924	1927	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Toronto	1927	1937	-	Sep	Sun>=25	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Toronto	1928	1937	-	Apr	Sun>=25	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Toronto	1938	1940	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Toronto	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Toronto	1945	1946	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Toronto	1946	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Toronto	1947	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Toronto	1947	1948	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Toronto	1949	only	-	Nov	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Toronto	1950	1973	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Toronto	1950	only	-	Nov	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Toronto	1951	1956	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Shanks & Pottenger say Toronto ended DST a week early in 1971,
-# namely on 1971-10-24, but Mark Brader wrote (2003-05-31) that this
-# is wrong, and that he had confirmed it by checking the 1971-10-30
-# Toronto Star, which said that DST was ending 1971-10-31 as usual.
-Rule	Toronto	1957	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
-# Willett (1914-03) writes (p. 17) "In the Cities of Fort William, and
-# Port Arthur, Ontario, the principle of the Bill has been in
-# operation for the past three years, and in the City of Moose Jaw,
-# Saskatchewan, for one year."
-
-# From David Bryan via Tory Tronrud, Director/Curator,
-# Thunder Bay Museum (2003-11-12):
-# There is some suggestion, however, that, by-law or not, daylight
-# savings time was being practiced in Fort William and Port Arthur
-# before 1909.... [I]n 1910, the line between the Eastern and Central
-# Time Zones was permanently moved about two hundred miles west to
-# include the Thunder Bay area....  When Canada adopted daylight
-# savings time in 1916, Fort William and Port Arthur, having done so
-# already, did not change their clocks....  During the Second World
-# War,... [t]he cities agreed to implement DST during the summer
-# months for the remainder of the war years.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Toronto	-5:17:32 -	LMT	1895
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1919
-			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1946
-			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1974
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
-Zone America/Thunder_Bay -5:57:00 -	LMT	1895
-			-6:00	-	CST	1910
-			-5:00	-	EST	1942
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1970
-			-5:00	Toronto	E%sT	1973
-			-5:00	-	EST	1974
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
-Zone America/Nipigon	-5:53:04 -	LMT	1895
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1940 Sep 29
-			-5:00	1:00	EDT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
-Zone America/Rainy_River -6:18:16 -	LMT	1895
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1940 Sep 29
-			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
-Zone America/Atikokan	-6:06:28 -	LMT	1895
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1940 Sep 29
-			-6:00	1:00	CDT	1942 Feb  9  2:00s
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	1945 Sep 30  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST
-
-
-# Manitoba
-
-# From Rob Douglas (2006-04-06):
-# the old Manitoba Time Act - as amended by Bill 2, assented to
-# March 27, 1987 ... said ...
-# "between two o'clock Central Standard Time in the morning of
-# the first Sunday of April of each year and two o'clock Central
-# Standard Time in the morning of the last Sunday of October next
-# following, one hour in advance of Central Standard Time."...
-# I believe that the English legislation [of the old time act] had
-# been assented to (March 22, 1967)....
-# Also, as far as I can tell, there was no order-in-council varying
-# the time of Daylight Saving Time for 2005 and so the provisions of
-# the 1987 version would apply - the changeover was at 2:00 Central
-# Standard Time (i.e. not until 3:00 Central Daylight Time).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-04-10):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say Manitoba switched at 02:00 (not 02:00s)
-# starting 1966.  Since 02:00s is clearly correct for 1967 on, assume
-# it was also 02:00s in 1966.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Winn	1916	only	-	Apr	23	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Winn	1916	only	-	Sep	17	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Winn	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Winn	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Winn	1937	only	-	May	16	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Winn	1937	only	-	Sep	26	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Winn	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
-Rule	Winn	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
-Rule	Winn	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Winn	1946	only	-	May	12	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Winn	1946	only	-	Oct	13	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Winn	1947	1949	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Winn	1947	1949	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Winn	1950	only	-	May	 1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Winn	1950	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Winn	1951	1960	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Winn	1951	1958	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Winn	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Winn	1960	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Winn	1963	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Winn	1963	only	-	Sep	22	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Winn	1966	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Winn	1966	2005	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00s	0	S
-Rule	Winn	1987	2005	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00s	1:00	D
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Winnipeg	-6:28:36 -	LMT	1887 Jul 16
-			-6:00	Winn	C%sT	2006
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
-
-
-# Saskatchewan
-
-# From Mark Brader (2003-07-26):
-# The first actual adoption of DST in Canada was at the municipal
-# level.  As the [Toronto] Star put it (1912-06-07), "While people
-# elsewhere have long been talking of legislation to save daylight,
-# the city of Moose Jaw [Saskatchewan] has acted on its own hook."
-# DST in Moose Jaw began on Saturday, 1912-06-01 (no time mentioned:
-# presumably late evening, as below), and would run until "the end of
-# the summer".  The discrepancy between municipal time and railroad
-# time was noted.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2003-07-27):
-# Willett (1914-03) notes that DST "has been in operation ... in the
-# City of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan, for one year."
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25):
-# Pearce's book says Regina observed DST in 1914-1917.  No dates and times,
-# unfortunately.  It also says that in 1914 Saskatoon observed DST
-# from 1 June to 6 July, and that DST was also tried out in Davidson,
-# Melfort, and Prince Albert.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that since 1970 this region has mostly been as Regina.
-# Some western towns (e.g. Swift Current) switched from MST/MDT to CST in 1972.
-# Other western towns (e.g. Lloydminster) are like Edmonton.
-# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Denare Beach and Creighton
-# are like Winnipeg, in violation of Saskatchewan law.
-
-# From W. Jones (1992-11-06):
-# The. . .below is based on information I got from our law library, the
-# provincial archives, and the provincial Community Services department.
-# A precise history would require digging through newspaper archives, and
-# since you didn't say what you wanted, I didn't bother.
-#
-# Saskatchewan is split by a time zone meridian (105W) and over the years
-# the boundary became pretty ragged as communities near it reevaluated
-# their affiliations in one direction or the other.  In 1965 a provincial
-# referendum favoured legislating common time practices.
-#
-# On 15 April 1966 the Time Act (c. T-14, Revised Statutes of
-# Saskatchewan 1978) was proclaimed, and established that the eastern
-# part of Saskatchewan would use CST year round, that districts in
-# northwest Saskatchewan would by default follow CST but could opt to
-# follow Mountain Time rules (thus 1 hour difference in the winter and
-# zero in the summer), and that districts in southwest Saskatchewan would
-# by default follow MT but could opt to follow CST.
-#
-# It took a few years for the dust to settle (I know one story of a town
-# on one time zone having its school in another, such that a mom had to
-# serve her family lunch in two shifts), but presently it seems that only
-# a few towns on the border with Alberta (e.g. Lloydminster) follow MT
-# rules any more; all other districts appear to have used CST year round
-# since sometime in the 1960s.
-
-# From Chris Walton (2006-06-26):
-# The Saskatchewan time act which was last updated in 1996 is about 30 pages
-# long and rather painful to read.
-# http://www.qp.gov.sk.ca/documents/English/Statutes/Statutes/T14.pdf
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Regina	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Regina	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Regina	1930	1934	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Regina	1930	1934	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Regina	1937	1941	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Regina	1937	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Regina	1938	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Regina	1939	1941	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Regina	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
-Rule	Regina	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
-Rule	Regina	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Regina	1946	only	-	Apr	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Regina	1946	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Regina	1947	1957	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Regina	1947	1957	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Regina	1959	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Regina	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-#
-Rule	Swift	1957	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Swift	1957	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Swift	1959	1961	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Swift	1959	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Swift	1960	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Regina	-6:58:36 -	LMT	1905 Sep
-			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1960 Apr lastSun  2:00
-			-6:00	-	CST
-Zone America/Swift_Current -7:11:20 -	LMT	1905 Sep
-			-7:00	Canada	M%sT	1946 Apr lastSun  2:00
-			-7:00	Regina	M%sT	1950
-			-7:00	Swift	M%sT	1972 Apr lastSun  2:00
-			-6:00	-	CST
-
-
-# Alberta
-
-# From Alois Triendl (2019-07-19):
-# There was no DST in Alberta in 1967... Calgary Herald, 29 April 1967.
-# 1969, no DST, from Edmonton Journal 18 April 1969
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25):
-# Pearce's book says that Alberta's 1948 Daylight Saving Act required
-# Mountain Standard Time without DST, and that "anyone who broke that law
-# could be fined up to $25 and costs".  There seems to be no record of
-# anybody paying the fine.  The law was not changed until an August 1971
-# plebiscite reinstituted DST in 1972.  This story is also mentioned in:
-# Boyer JP. Forcing Choice: The Risky Reward of Referendums. Dundum. 2017.
-# ISBN 978-1459739123.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Edm	1918	1919	-	Apr	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Edm	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Edm	1919	only	-	May	27	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Edm	1920	1923	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Edm	1920	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Edm	1921	1923	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Edm	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
-Rule	Edm	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
-Rule	Edm	1945	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Edm	1947	only	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Edm	1947	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Edm	1972	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Edm	1972	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Edmonton	-7:33:52 -	LMT	1906 Sep
-			-7:00	Edm	M%sT	1987
-			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
-
-
-# British Columbia
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger write that since 1970 most of this region has
-# been like Vancouver.
-# Dawson Creek uses MST.  Much of east BC is like Edmonton.
-# Matthews and Vincent (1998) write that Creston is like Dawson Creek.
-
-# It seems though that (re: Creston) is not entirely correct:
-
-# From Chris Walton (2011-12-01):
-# There are two areas within the Canadian province of British Columbia
-# that do not currently observe daylight saving:
-# a) The Creston Valley (includes the town of Creston and surrounding area)
-# b) The eastern half of the Peace River Regional District
-# (includes the cities of Dawson Creek and Fort St. John)
-
-# Earlier this year I stumbled across a detailed article about the time
-# keeping history of Creston; it was written by Tammy Hardwick who is the
-# manager of the Creston & District Museum. The article was written in May 2009.
-# http://www.ilovecreston.com/?p=articles&t=spec&ar=260
-# According to the article, Creston has not changed its clocks since June 1918.
-# i.e. Creston has been stuck on UT-7 for 93 years.
-# Dawson Creek, on the other hand, changed its clocks as recently as April 1972.
-
-# Unfortunately the exact date for the time change in June 1918 remains
-# unknown and will be difficult to ascertain.  I e-mailed Tammy a few months
-# ago to ask if Sunday June 2 was a reasonable guess.  She said it was just
-# as plausible as any other date (in June).  She also said that after writing
-# the article she had discovered another time change in 1916; this is the
-# subject of another article which she wrote in October 2010.
-# http://www.creston.museum.bc.ca/index.php?module=comments&uop=view_comment&cm+id=56
-
-# Here is a summary of the three clock change events in Creston's history:
-# 1. 1884 or 1885: adoption of Mountain Standard Time (GMT-7)
-# Exact date unknown
-# 2. Oct 1916: switch to Pacific Standard Time (GMT-8)
-# Exact date in October unknown; Sunday October 1 is a reasonable guess.
-# 3. June 1918: switch to Pacific Daylight Time (GMT-7)
-# Exact date in June unknown; Sunday June 2 is a reasonable guess.
-# note 1:
-# On Oct 27/1918 when daylight saving ended in the rest of Canada,
-# Creston did not change its clocks.
-# note 2:
-# During WWII when the Federal Government legislated a mandatory clock change,
-# Creston did not oblige.
-# note 3:
-# There is no guarantee that Creston will remain on Mountain Standard Time
-# (UTC-7) forever.
-# The subject was debated at least once this year by the town Council.
-# http://www.bclocalnews.com/kootenay_rockies/crestonvalleyadvance/news/116760809.html
-
-# During a period WWII, summer time (Daylight saying) was mandatory in Canada.
-# In Creston, that was handled by shifting the area to PST (-8:00) then applying
-# summer time to cause the offset to be -7:00, the same as it had been before
-# the change.  It can be argued that the timezone abbreviation during this
-# period should be PDT rather than MST, but that doesn't seem important enough
-# (to anyone) to further complicate the rules.
-
-# The transition dates (and times) are guesses.
-
-# From Matt Johnson (2015-09-21):
-# Fort Nelson, BC, Canada will cancel DST this year.  So while previously they
-# were aligned with America/Vancouver, they're now aligned with
-# America/Dawson_Creek.
-# http://www.northernrockies.ca/EN/meta/news/archives/2015/northern-rockies-time-change.html
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2015-09-23):
-# This requires a new zone for the Northern Rockies Regional Municipality,
-# America/Fort_Nelson.  The resolution of 2014-12-08 was reached following a
-# 2014-11-15 poll with nearly 75% support.  Effectively, the municipality has
-# been on MST (-0700) like Dawson Creek since it advanced its clocks on
-# 2015-03-08.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-25):
-# Shanks says Fort Nelson did not observe DST in 1946, unlike Vancouver.
-# Alois Triendl confirmed this on 07-22, citing the 1946-04-27 Vancouver Daily
-# Province.  He also cited the 1946-09-28 Victoria Daily Times, which said
-# that Vancouver, Victoria, etc. "change at midnight Saturday"; for now,
-# guess they meant 02:00 Sunday since 02:00 was common practice in Vancouver.
-#
-# Early Vancouver, Volume Four, by Major J.S. Matthews, V.D., 2011 edition
-# says that a 1922 plebiscite adopted DST, but a 1923 plebiscite rejected it.
-# http://former.vancouver.ca/ctyclerk/archives/digitized/EarlyVan/SearchEarlyVan/Vol4pdf/MatthewsEarlyVancouverVol4_DaylightSavings.pdf
-# A catalog entry for a newspaper clipping seems to indicate that Vancouver
-# observed DST in 1941 from 07-07 through 09-27; see
-# https://searcharchives.vancouver.ca/daylight-saving-1918-starts-again-july-7-1941-start-d-s-sept-27-end-of-d-s-1941
-# We have no further details, so omit them for now.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Vanc	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Vanc	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
-Rule	Vanc	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
-Rule	Vanc	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Vanc	1946	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Vanc	1946	only	-	Sep	29	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Vanc	1947	1961	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Vanc	1962	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Vancouver	-8:12:28 -	LMT	1884
-			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1987
-			-8:00	Canada	P%sT
-Zone America/Dawson_Creek -8:00:56 -	LMT	1884
-			-8:00	Canada	P%sT	1947
-			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1972 Aug 30  2:00
-			-7:00	-	MST
-Zone America/Fort_Nelson	-8:10:47 -	LMT	1884
-			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1946
-			-8:00	-	PST	1947
-			-8:00	Vanc	P%sT	1987
-			-8:00	Canada	P%sT	2015 Mar  8  2:00
-			-7:00	-	MST
-Zone America/Creston	-7:46:04 -	LMT	1884
-			-7:00	-	MST	1916 Oct 1
-			-8:00	-	PST	1918 Jun 2
-			-7:00	-	MST
-
-# Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Yukon
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Dawson switched to PST in 1973.  Inuvik switched to MST in 1979.
-# Mathew Englander (1996-10-07) gives the following refs:
-#	* 1967. Paragraph 28(34)(g) of the Interpretation Act, S.C. 1967-68,
-#	c. 7 defines Yukon standard time as UTC-9....
-#	see Interpretation Act, R.S.C. 1985, c. I-21, s. 35(1).
-#	[https://www.canlii.org/en/ca/laws/stat/rsc-1985-c-i-21/latest/rsc-1985-c-i-21.html]
-#	* C.O. 1973/214 switched Yukon to PST on 1973-10-28 00:00.
-#	* O.I.C. 1980/02 established DST.
-#	* O.I.C. 1987/056 changed DST to Apr firstSun 2:00 to Oct lastSun 2:00.
-
-# From Brian Inglis (2015-04-14):
-#
-# I tried to trace the history of Yukon time and found the following
-# regulations, giving the reference title and URL if found, regulation name,
-# and relevant quote if available.  Each regulation specifically revokes its
-# predecessor.  The final reference is to the current Interpretation Act
-# authorizing and resulting from these regulatory changes.
-#
-# Only recent regulations were retrievable via Yukon government site search or
-# index, and only some via Canadian legal sources.  Other sources used include
-# articles titled "Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada" from JRASC via ADS
-# Abstracts, cited by ADO for 1932 ..., and updated versions from 1958 and
-# 1970 quoted below; each article includes current extracts from provincial
-# and territorial ST and DST regulations at the end, summaries and details of
-# standard times and daylight saving time at many locations across Canada,
-# with time zone maps, tables and calculations for Canadian Sunrise, Sunset,
-# and LMST; they also cover many countries and global locations, with a chart
-# and table showing current Universal Time offsets, and may be useful as
-# another source of information for 1970 and earlier.
-#
-# * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; JRASC, Vol. 26,
-#   pp.49-77; February 1932; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
-#   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1932JRASC..26...49S from p.75:
-#   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance
-#   Yukon standard time is the local mean time at the one hundred and
-#   thirty-fifth meridian.
-#
-# * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Smith, C.C.; Thomson, Malcolm M.;
-#   JRASC, Vol. 52, pp.193-223; October 1958; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
-#   (ADS) http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1958JRASC..52..193S from pp.220-1:
-#   Yukon Interpretation Ordinance, 1955, Chap. 16.
-#
-#     (1) Subject to this section, standard time shall be reckoned as nine
-#     hours behind Greenwich Time and called Yukon Standard Time.
-#
-#     (2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Commissioner may make regulations
-#     varying the manner of reckoning standard time.
-#
-# * Yukon Territory Commissioner's Order 1966-20 Interpretation Ordinance
-#   [no online source found]
-#
-# * Standard Time and Time Zones in Canada; Thomson, Malcolm M.; JRASC,
-#   Vol. 64, pp.129-162; June 1970; SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
-#   http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1970JRASC..64..129T from p.156: Yukon
-#   Territory Commissioner's Order 1967-59 Interpretation Ordinance ...
-#
-#     1. Commissioner's Order 1966-20 dated at Whitehorse in the Yukon
-#     Territory on 27th January, 1966, is hereby revoked.
-#
-#     2. Yukon (East) Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the
-#     Interpretation Ordinance from and after mid-night on the 28th day of May,
-#     1967 shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that
-#     is to say, eight hours behind Greenwich Time in the area of the Yukon
-#     Territory lying east of the 138th degree longitude west.
-#
-#     3. In the remainder of the Territory, lying west of the 138th degree
-#     longitude west, Yukon (West) Standard Time shall be reckoned as nine
-#     hours behind Greenwich Time.
-#
-# * Yukon Standard Time defined as Pacific Standard Time, YCO 1973/214
-#   https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yco-1973-214/latest/yco-1973-214.html
-#   C.O. 1973/214 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
-#
-#     1. Effective October 28, 1973 Commissioner's Order 1967/59 is hereby
-#     revoked.
-#
-#     2. Yukon Standard Time as defined by section 36 of the Interpretation
-#     Act from and after midnight on the twenty-eighth day of October, 1973
-#     shall be reckoned in the same manner as Pacific Standard Time, that is
-#     to say eight hours behind Greenwich Time.
-#
-# * O.I.C. 1980/02 INTERPRETATION ACT
-#   https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/attachments/20201125/d5adc93b/CAYTOIC1980-02DST1980-01-04-0001.pdf
-#
-# * Yukon Daylight Saving Time, YOIC 1987/56
-#   https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-1987-56/latest/yoic-1987-56.html
-#   O.I.C. 1987/056 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
-#
-#   In every year between
-#     (a) two o'clock in the morning in the first Sunday in April, and
-#     (b) two o'clock in the morning in the last Sunday in October,
-#   Standard Time shall be reckoned as seven hours behind Greenwich Time and
-#   called Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
-#   ...
-#   Dated ... 9th day of March, A.D., 1987.
-#
-# * Yukon Daylight Saving Time 2006, YOIC 2006/127
-#   https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/regu/yoic-2006-127/latest/yoic-2006-127.html
-#   O.I.C. 2006/127 INTERPRETATION ACT ...
-#
-#     1. In Yukon each year the time for general purposes shall be 7 hours
-#     behind Greenwich mean time during the period commencing at two o'clock
-#     in the forenoon on the second Sunday of March and ending at two o'clock
-#     in the forenoon on the first Sunday of November and shall be called
-#     Yukon Daylight Saving Time.
-#
-#     2. Order-in-Council 1987/56 is revoked.
-#
-#     3. This order comes into force January 1, 2007.
-#
-# * Interpretation Act, RSY 2002, c 125
-# https://www.canlii.org/en/yk/laws/stat/rsy-2002-c-125/latest/rsy-2002-c-125.html
-
-# From Rives McDow (1999-09-04):
-# Nunavut ... moved ... to incorporate the whole territory into one time zone.
-# Nunavut moves to single time zone Oct. 31
-# http://www.nunatsiaq.com/nunavut/nvt90903_13.html
-#
-# From Antoine Leca (1999-09-06):
-# We then need to create a new timezone for the Kitikmeot region of Nunavut
-# to differentiate it from the Yellowknife region.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20):
-# Basic Facts: The New Territory
-# http://www.nunavut.com/basicfacts/english/basicfacts_1territory.html
-# (1999) reports that Pangnirtung operates on eastern time,
-# and that Coral Harbour does not observe DST.  We don't know when
-# Pangnirtung switched to eastern time; we'll guess 1995.
-
-# From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
-# On October 31, when the rest of Nunavut went to Central time,
-# Pangnirtung wobbled.  Here is the result of their wobble:
-#
-# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Central Time:
-#
-#	First Air, Power Corp, Nunavut Construction, Health Center, RCMP,
-#	Eastern Arctic National Parks, A & D Specialist
-#
-# The following businesses and organizations in Pangnirtung use Eastern Time:
-#
-#	Hamlet office, All other businesses, Both schools, Airport operator
-#
-# This has made for an interesting situation there, which warranted the news.
-# No one there that I spoke with seems concerned, or has plans to
-# change the local methods of keeping time, as it evidently does not
-# really interfere with any activities or make things difficult locally.
-# They plan to celebrate New Year's turn-over twice, one hour apart,
-# so it appears that the situation will last at least that long.
-# The Nunavut Intergovernmental Affairs hopes that they will "come to
-# their senses", but the locals evidently don't see any problem with
-# the current state of affairs.
-
-# From Michaela Rodrigue, writing in the
-# Nunatsiaq News (1999-11-19):
-# http://www.nunatsiaqonline.ca/archives/nunavut991130/nvt91119_17.html
-# Clyde River, Pangnirtung and Sanikiluaq now operate with two time zones,
-# central - or Nunavut time - for government offices, and eastern time
-# for municipal offices and schools....  Igloolik [was similar but then]
-# made the switch to central time on Saturday, Nov. 6.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02):
-# Matthews and Vincent (1998) say the following, but we lack histories
-# for these potential new Zones.
-#
-# The Canadian Forces station at Alert uses Eastern Time while the
-# handful of residents at the Eureka weather station [in the Central
-# zone] skip daylight savings.  Baffin Island, which is crossed by the
-# Central, Eastern and Atlantic Time zones only uses Eastern Time.
-# Gjoa Haven, Taloyoak and Pelly Bay all use Mountain instead of
-# Central Time and Southampton Island [in the Central zone] is not
-# required to use daylight savings.
-
-# From 
-# Nunavut now has two time zones (2000-11-10):
-# The Nunavut government would allow its employees in Kugluktuk and
-# Cambridge Bay to operate on central time year-round, putting them
-# one hour behind the rest of Nunavut for six months during the winter.
-# At the end of October the two communities had rebelled against
-# Nunavut's unified time zone, refusing to shift to eastern time with
-# the rest of the territory for the winter.  Cambridge Bay remained on
-# central time, while Kugluktuk, even farther west, reverted to
-# mountain time, which they had used before the advent of Nunavut's
-# unified time zone in 1999.
-#
-# From Rives McDow (2001-01-20), quoting the Nunavut government:
-# The preceding decision came into effect at midnight, Saturday Nov 4, 2000.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
-# Let's just keep track of the official times for now.
-
-# From Rives McDow (2001-03-07):
-# The premier of Nunavut has issued a ministerial statement advising
-# that effective 2001-04-01, the territory of Nunavut will revert
-# back to three time zones (mountain, central, and eastern).  Of the
-# cities in Nunavut, Coral Harbor is the only one that I know of that
-# has said it will not observe dst, staying on EST year round.  I'm
-# checking for more info, and will get back to you if I come up with
-# more.
-# [Also see  (2001-03-09).]
-
-# From Gwillim Law (2005-05-21):
-# According to ...
-# http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/Magazine/SO98/geomap.asp
-# (from a 1998 Canadian Geographic article), the de facto and de jure time
-# for Southampton Island (at the north end of Hudson Bay) is UTC-5 all year
-# round.  Using Google, it's easy to find other websites that confirm this.
-# I wasn't able to find how far back this time regimen goes, but since it
-# predates the creation of Nunavut, it probably goes back many years....
-# The Inuktitut name of Coral Harbour is Sallit, but it's rarely used.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-17):
-# For lack of better information, assume that Southampton Island observed
-# daylight saving only during wartime.  Gwillim Law's email also
-# mentioned maps now maintained by National Research Council Canada;
-# see above for an up-to-date link.
-
-# From Chris Walton (2007-03-01):
-# ... the community of Resolute (located on Cornwallis Island in
-# Nunavut) moved from Central Time to Eastern Time last November.
-# Basically the community did not change its clocks at the end of
-# daylight saving....
-# http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2006-11/nov13_06none.html
-
-# From Chris Walton (2011-03-21):
-# Back in 2007 I initiated the creation of a new "zone file" for Resolute
-# Bay. Resolute Bay is a small community located about 900km north of
-# the Arctic Circle. The zone file was required because Resolute Bay had
-# decided to use UTC-5 instead of UTC-6 for the winter of 2006-2007.
-#
-# According to new information which I received last week, Resolute Bay
-# went back to using UTC-6 in the winter of 2007-2008...
-#
-# On March 11/2007 most of Canada went onto daylight saving. On March
-# 14/2007 I phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office to do a "time check." I
-# talked to somebody that was both knowledgeable and helpful. I was able
-# to confirm that Resolute Bay was still operating on UTC-5. It was
-# explained to me that Resolute Bay had been on the Eastern Time zone
-# (EST) in the winter, and was now back on the Central Time zone (CDT).
-# i.e. the time zone had changed twice in the last year but the clocks
-# had not moved. The residents had to know which time zone they were in
-# so they could follow the correct TV schedule...
-#
-# On Nov 02/2008 most of Canada went onto standard time. On Nov 03/2008 I
-# phoned the Resolute Bay hamlet office...[D]ue to the challenging nature
-# of the phone call, I decided to seek out an alternate source of
-# information. I found an e-mail address for somebody by the name of
-# Stephanie Adams whose job was listed as "Inns North Support Officer for
-# Arctic Co-operatives." I was under the impression that Stephanie lived
-# and worked in Resolute Bay...
-#
-# On March 14/2011 I phoned the hamlet office again. I was told that
-# Resolute Bay had been using Central Standard Time over the winter of
-# 2010-2011 and that the clocks had therefore been moved one hour ahead
-# on March 13/2011. The person I talked to was aware that Resolute Bay
-# had previously experimented with Eastern Standard Time but he could not
-# tell me when the practice had stopped.
-#
-# On March 17/2011 I searched the Web to find an e-mail address of
-# somebody that might be able to tell me exactly when Resolute Bay went
-# off Eastern Standard Time. I stumbled on the name "Aziz Kheraj." Aziz
-# used to be the mayor of Resolute Bay and he apparently owns half the
-# businesses including "South Camp Inn." This website has some info on
-# Aziz:
-# http://www.uphere.ca/node/493
-#
-# I sent Aziz an e-mail asking when Resolute Bay had stopped using
-# Eastern Standard Time.
-#
-# Aziz responded quickly with this: "hi, The time was not changed for the
-# 1 year only, the following year, the community went back to the old way
-# of "spring ahead-fall behind" currently we are zulu plus 5 hrs and in
-# the winter Zulu plus 6 hrs"
-#
-# This of course conflicted with everything I had ascertained in November 2008.
-#
-# I sent Aziz a copy of my 2008 e-mail exchange with Stephanie. Aziz
-# responded with this: "Hi, Stephanie lives in Winnipeg. I live here, You
-# may want to check with the weather office in Resolute Bay or do a
-# search on the weather through Env. Canada. web site"
-#
-# If I had realized the Stephanie did not live in Resolute Bay I would
-# never have contacted her.  I now believe that all the information I
-# obtained in November 2008 should be ignored...
-# I apologize for reporting incorrect information in 2008.
-
-# From Tim Parenti (2020-03-05):
-# The government of Yukon announced [yesterday] the cessation of seasonal time
-# changes.  "After clocks are pushed ahead one hour on March 8, the territory
-# will remain on [UTC-07].  ... [The government] found 93 per cent of
-# respondents wanted to end seasonal time changes and, of that group, 70 per
-# cent wanted 'permanent Pacific Daylight Saving Time.'"
-# https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/north/yukon-end-daylight-saving-time-1.5486358
-#
-# Although the government press release prefers PDT, we prefer MST for
-# consistency with nearby Dawson Creek, Creston, and Fort Nelson.
-# https://yukon.ca/en/news/yukon-end-seasonal-time-change
-
-# From Andrew G. Smith (2020-09-24):
-# Yukon has completed its regulatory change to be on UTC -7 year-round....
-# http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/regs/oic2020_125.pdf
-# What we have done is re-defined Yukon Standard Time, as we are
-# authorized to do under section 33 of our Interpretation Act:
-# http://www.gov.yk.ca/legislation/acts/interpretation_c.pdf
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2020-09-24):
-# tzdb uses the obsolete YST abbreviation for standard time in Yukon through
-# about 1970, and uses PST for standard time in Yukon since then.  Consistent
-# with that, use MST for -07, the new standard time in Yukon effective Nov. 1.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	NT_YK	1918	only	-	Apr	14	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	NT_YK	1918	only	-	Oct	27	2:00	0	S
-Rule	NT_YK	1919	only	-	May	25	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	NT_YK	1919	only	-	Nov	 1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	NT_YK	1942	only	-	Feb	 9	2:00	1:00	W # War
-Rule	NT_YK	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
-Rule	NT_YK	1945	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
-Rule	NT_YK	1965	only	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	2:00	DD
-Rule	NT_YK	1965	only	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	NT_YK	1980	1986	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	NT_YK	1980	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	NT_YK	1987	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-# aka Panniqtuuq
-Zone America/Pangnirtung 0	-	-00	1921 # trading post est.
-			-4:00	NT_YK	A%sT	1995 Apr Sun>=1  2:00
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
-# formerly Frobisher Bay
-Zone America/Iqaluit	0	-	-00	1942 Aug # Frobisher Bay est.
-			-5:00	NT_YK	E%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
-			-5:00	Canada	E%sT
-# aka Qausuittuq
-Zone America/Resolute	0	-	-00	1947 Aug 31 # Resolute founded
-			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2006 Oct 29  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2007 Mar 11  3:00
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
-# aka Kangiqiniq
-Zone America/Rankin_Inlet 0	-	-00	1957 # Rankin Inlet founded
-			-6:00	NT_YK	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT
-# aka Iqaluktuuttiaq
-Zone America/Cambridge_Bay 0	-	-00	1920 # trading post est.?
-			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1999 Oct 31  2:00
-			-6:00	Canada	C%sT	2000 Oct 29  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	2000 Nov  5  0:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	2001 Apr  1  3:00
-			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
-Zone America/Yellowknife 0	-	-00	1935 # Yellowknife founded?
-			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
-			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
-Zone America/Inuvik	0	-	-00	1953 # Inuvik founded
-			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1979 Apr lastSun  2:00
-			-7:00	NT_YK	M%sT	1980
-			-7:00	Canada	M%sT
-Zone America/Whitehorse	-9:00:12 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
-			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1967 May 28  0:00
-			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1980
-			-8:00	Canada	P%sT	2020 Nov  1
-			-7:00	-	MST
-Zone America/Dawson	-9:17:40 -	LMT	1900 Aug 20
-			-9:00	NT_YK	Y%sT	1973 Oct 28  0:00
-			-8:00	NT_YK	P%sT	1980
-			-8:00	Canada	P%sT	2020 Nov  1
-			-7:00	-	MST
-
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Mexico
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-12-07):
-# The Investigation and Analysis Service of the
-# Mexican Library of Congress (MLoC) has published a
-# history of Mexican local time (in Spanish)
-# http://www.diputados.gob.mx/bibliot/publica/inveyana/polisoc/horver/index.htm
-#
-# Here are the discrepancies between Shanks & Pottenger (S&P) and the MLoC.
-# (In all cases we go with the MLoC.)
-# S&P report that Baja was at -8:00 in 1922/1923.
-# S&P say the 1930 transition in Baja was 1930-11-16.
-# S&P report no DST during summer 1931.
-# S&P report a transition at 1932-03-30 23:00, not 1932-04-01.
-
-# From Gwillim Law (2001-02-20):
-# There are some other discrepancies between the Decrees page and the
-# tz database.  I think they can best be explained by supposing that
-# the researchers who prepared the Decrees page failed to find some of
-# the relevant documents.
-
-# From Alan Perry (1996-02-15):
-# A guy from our Mexico subsidiary finally found the Presidential Decree
-# outlining the timezone changes in Mexico.
-#
-# ------------- Begin Forwarded Message -------------
-#
-# I finally got my hands on the Official Presidential Decree that sets up the
-# rules for the DST changes. The rules are:
-#
-# 1. The country is divided in 3 timezones:
-#    - Baja California Norte (the Mexico/BajaNorte TZ)
-#    - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa and Sonora (the Mexico/BajaSur TZ)
-#    - The rest of the country (the Mexico/General TZ)
-#
-# 2. From the first Sunday in April at 2:00 AM to the last Sunday in October
-#    at 2:00 AM, the times in each zone are as follows:
-#    BajaNorte: GMT+7
-#    BajaSur:   GMT+6
-#    General:   GMT+5
-#
-# 3. The rest of the year, the times are as follows:
-#    BajaNorte: GMT+8
-#    BajaSur:   GMT+7
-#    General:   GMT+6
-#
-# The Decree was published in Mexico's Official Newspaper on January 4th.
-#
-# -------------- End Forwarded Message --------------
-# From Paul Eggert (1996-06-12):
-# For an English translation of the decree, see
-# "Diario Oficial: Time Zone Changeover" (1996-01-04).
-# http://mexico-travel.com/extra/timezone_eng.html
-
-# From Rives McDow (1998-10-08):
-# The State of Quintana Roo has reverted back to central STD and DST times
-# (i.e. UTC -0600 and -0500 as of 1998-08-02).
-
-# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
-# Effective April 4, 1999 at 2:00 AM local time, Sonora changed to the time
-# zone 5 hours from the International Date Line, and will not observe daylight
-# savings time so as to stay on the same time zone as the southern part of
-# Arizona year round.
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard, translating
-#  (2001-01-17):
-# In Oaxaca, the 55.000 teachers from the Section 22 of the National
-# Syndicate of Education Workers, refuse to apply daylight saving each
-# year, so that the more than 10,000 schools work at normal hour the
-# whole year.
-
-# From Gwillim Law (2001-01-19):
-#  ... says
-# (translated):...
-# January 17, 2000 - The Energy Secretary, Ernesto Martens, announced
-# that Summer Time will be reduced from seven to five months, starting
-# this year....
-# http://www.publico.com.mx/scripts/texto3.asp?action=pagina&pag=21&pos=p&secc=naci&date=01/17/2001
-# [translated], says "summer time will ... take effect on the first Sunday
-# in May, and end on the last Sunday of September.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2001-01-25):
-# The 2001-01-24 traditional Washington Post contained the page one
-# story "Timely Issue Divides Mexicans."...
-# http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A37383-2001Jan23.html
-# ... Mexico City Mayor López Obrador "...is threatening to keep
-# Mexico City and its 20 million residents on a different time than
-# the rest of the country..." In particular, López Obrador would abolish
-# observation of Daylight Saving Time.
-
-# Official statute published by the Energy Department
-# http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/decretohorver2001.html#decre
-# (2001-02-01) shows Baja and Chihauhua as still using US DST rules,
-# and Sonora with no DST.  This was reported by Jesper Nørgaard (2001-02-03).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-03):
-#
-# https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-03-mn-32561-story.html
-# James F. Smith writes in today's LA Times
-# * Sonora will continue to observe standard time.
-# * Last week Mexico City's mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador decreed that
-#   the Federal District will not adopt DST.
-# * 4 of 16 district leaders announced they'll ignore the decree.
-# * The decree does not affect federal-controlled facilities including
-#   the airport, banks, hospitals, and schools.
-#
-# For now we'll assume that the Federal District will bow to federal rules.
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard (2001-04-01):
-# I found some references to the Mexican application of daylight
-# saving, which modifies what I had already sent you, stating earlier
-# that a number of northern Mexican states would go on daylight
-# saving. The modification reverts this to only cover Baja California
-# (Norte), while all other states (except Sonora, who has no daylight
-# saving all year) will follow the original decree of president
-# Vicente Fox, starting daylight saving May 6, 2001 and ending
-# September 30, 2001.
-# References: "Diario de Monterrey" 
-# Palabra  (2001-03-31)
-
-# From Reuters (2001-09-04):
-# Mexico's Supreme Court on Tuesday declared that daylight savings was
-# unconstitutional in Mexico City, creating the possibility the
-# capital will be in a different time zone from the rest of the nation
-# next year....  The Supreme Court's ruling takes effect at 2:00
-# a.m. (0800 GMT) on Sept. 30, when Mexico is scheduled to revert to
-# standard time. "This is so residents of the Federal District are not
-# subject to unexpected time changes," a statement from the court said.
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2002-03-12):
-# ... consulting my local grocery store(!) and my coworkers, they all insisted
-# that a new decision had been made to reinstate US style DST in Mexico....
-# http://www.conae.gob.mx/ahorro/horaver2001_m1_2002.html (2002-02-20)
-# confirms this.  Sonora as usual is the only state where DST is not applied.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2009-12-28):
-#
-# Steffen Thorsen wrote:
-# > Mexico's House of Representatives has approved a proposal for northern
-# > Mexico's border cities to share the same daylight saving schedule as
-# > the United States.
-# Now this has passed both the Congress and the Senate, so starting from
-# 2010, some border regions will be the same:
-# http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2009/dec/28/clocks-will-match-both-sides-border/
-# http://www.elmananarey.com/diario/noticia/nacional/noticias/empatan_horario_de_frontera_con_eu/621939
-# (Spanish)
-#
-# Could not find the new law text, but the proposed law text changes are here:
-# http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/20091210-V.pdf
-# (Gaceta Parlamentaria)
-#
-# There is also a list of the votes here:
-# http://gaceta.diputados.gob.mx/Gaceta/61/2009/dic/V2-101209.html
-#
-# Our page:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/north-mexico-dst-change.html
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2010-01-20):
-# The page
-# http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
-# includes this text:
-# En los municipios fronterizos de Tijuana y Mexicali en Baja California;
-# Juárez y Ojinaga en Chihuahua; Acuña y Piedras Negras en Coahuila;
-# Anáhuac en Nuevo León; y Nuevo Laredo, Reynosa y Matamoros en
-# Tamaulipas, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá efecto
-# desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a las dos
-# horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
-# En los municipios fronterizos que se encuentren ubicados en la franja
-# fronteriza norte en el territorio comprendido entre la línea
-# internacional y la línea paralela ubicada a una distancia de veinte
-# kilómetros, así como la Ciudad de Ensenada, Baja California, hacia el
-# interior del país, la aplicación de este horario estacional surtirá
-# efecto desde las dos horas del segundo domingo de marzo y concluirá a
-# las dos horas del primer domingo de noviembre.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2014-12-08), translated by Gwillim Law:
-# The Mexican state of Quintana Roo will likely change to EST in 2015.
-#
-# http://www.unioncancun.mx/articulo/2014/12/04/medio-ambiente/congreso-aprueba-una-hora-mas-de-sol-en-qroo
-# "With this change, the time conflict that has existed between the municipios
-# of Quintana Roo and the municipio of Felipe Carrillo Puerto may come to an
-# end. The latter declared itself in rebellion 15 years ago when a time change
-# was initiated in Mexico, and since then it has refused to change its time
-# zone along with the rest of the country."
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-01-14), translated by Gwillim Law:
-# http://sipse.com/novedades/confirman-aplicacion-de-nueva-zona-horaria-para-quintana-roo-132331.html
-# "...the new time zone will come into effect at two o'clock on the first Sunday
-# of February, when we will have to advance the clock one hour from its current
-# time..."
-# Also, the new zone will not use DST.
-#
-# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2015-02-02):
-# The decree that modifies the Mexican Hour System Law has finally
-# been published at the Diario Oficial de la Federación
-# http://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5380123&fecha=31/01/2015
-# It establishes 5 zones for Mexico:
-# 1- Zona Centro (Central Zone): Corresponds to longitude 90 W,
-#    includes most of Mexico, excluding what's mentioned below.
-# 2- Zona Pacífico (Pacific Zone): Longitude 105 W, includes the
-#    states of Baja California Sur; Chihuahua; Nayarit (excluding Bahía
-#    de Banderas which lies in Central Zone); Sinaloa and Sonora.
-# 3- Zona Noroeste (Northwest Zone): Longitude 120 W, includes the
-#    state of Baja California.
-# 4- Zona Sureste (Southeast Zone): Longitude 75 W, includes the state
-#    of Quintana Roo.
-# 5- The islands, reefs and keys shall take their timezone from the
-#    longitude they are located at.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Feb	5	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mexico	1939	only	-	Jun	25	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Mexico	1940	only	-	Dec	9	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mexico	1941	only	-	Apr	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Mexico	1943	only	-	Dec	16	0:00	1:00	W # War
-Rule	Mexico	1944	only	-	May	1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Mexico	1950	only	-	Feb	12	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mexico	1950	only	-	Jul	30	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Mexico	1996	2000	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mexico	1996	2000	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Mexico	2001	only	-	May	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mexico	2001	only	-	Sep	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Mexico	2002	max	-	Apr	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Mexico	2002	max	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-# Quintana Roo; represented by Cancún
-Zone America/Cancun	-5:47:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:12:56
-			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
-			-5:00	Mexico	E%sT	1998 Aug  2  2:00
-			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2015 Feb  1  2:00
-			-5:00	-	EST
-# Campeche, Yucatán; represented by Mérida
-Zone America/Merida	-5:58:28 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:01:32
-			-6:00	-	CST	1981 Dec 23
-			-5:00	-	EST	1982 Dec  2
-			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
-# Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (near US border)
-# This includes the following municipalities:
-#   in Coahuila: Ocampo, Acuña, Zaragoza, Jiménez, Piedras Negras, Nava,
-#     Guerrero, Hidalgo.
-#   in Nuevo León: Anáhuac, Los Aldama.
-#   in Tamaulipas: Nuevo Laredo, Guerrero, Mier, Miguel Alemán, Camargo,
-#     Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Reynosa, Río Bravo, Valle Hermoso, Matamoros.
-# See: Inicia mañana Horario de Verano en zona fronteriza, El Universal,
-# 2016-03-12
-# http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/articulo/estados/2016/03/12/inicia-manana-horario-de-verano-en-zona-fronteriza
-Zone America/Matamoros	-6:40:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:20:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	1988
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
-			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2010
-			-6:00	US	C%sT
-# Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (away from US border)
-Zone America/Monterrey	-6:41:16 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:18:44
-			-6:00	-	CST	1988
-			-6:00	US	C%sT	1989
-			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
-# Central Mexico
-Zone America/Mexico_City -6:36:36 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:23:24
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
-			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
-			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
-			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	2001 Sep 30  2:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	2002 Feb 20
-			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
-# Chihuahua (near US border)
-# This includes the municipalities of Janos, Ascensión, Juárez, Guadalupe,
-# Práxedis G Guerrero, Coyame del Sotol, Ojinaga, and Manuel Benavides.
-# (See the 2016-03-12 El Universal source mentioned above.)
-Zone America/Ojinaga	-6:57:40 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:02:20
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
-			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
-			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
-			-6:00	-	CST	1996
-			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
-			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
-			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010
-			-7:00	US	M%sT
-# Chihuahua (away from US border)
-Zone America/Chihuahua	-7:04:20 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:55:40
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
-			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
-			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
-			-6:00	-	CST	1996
-			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT	1998
-			-6:00	-	CST	1998 Apr Sun>=1  3:00
-			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
-# Sonora
-Zone America/Hermosillo	-7:23:52 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:36:08
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
-			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
-			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
-			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
-			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	-	PST	1970
-			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	1999
-			-7:00	-	MST
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-21):
-# According to news, Bahía de Banderas (Mexican state of Nayarit)
-# changed time zone UTC-7 to new time zone UTC-6 on April 4, 2010 (to
-# share the same time zone as nearby city Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco).
-#
-# (Spanish)
-# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario al del centro del
-# país, a partir de este domingo
-# http://www.nayarit.gob.mx/notes.asp?id=20748
-#
-# Bahía de Banderas homologa su horario con el del Centro del
-# País
-# http://www.bahiadebanderas.gob.mx/principal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261:bahia-de-banderas-homologa-su-horario-con-el-del-centro-del-pais&catid=42:comunicacion-social&Itemid=50
-#
-# (English)
-# Puerto Vallarta and Bahía de Banderas: One Time Zone
-# http://virtualvallarta.com/puertovallarta/puertovallarta/localnews/2009-12-03-Puerto-Vallarta-and-Bahia-de-Banderas-One-Time-Zone.shtml
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mexico08.html
-#
-# "Mexico's Senate approved the amendments to the Mexican Schedule System that
-# will allow Bahía de Banderas and Puerto Vallarta to share the same time
-# zone ..."
-# Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2010-05-01):
-# Use "Bahia_Banderas" to keep the name to fourteen characters.
-
-# Mazatlán
-Zone America/Mazatlan	-7:05:40 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:54:20
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
-			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
-			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
-			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
-			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	-	PST	1970
-			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT
-
-# Bahía de Banderas
-Zone America/Bahia_Banderas	-7:01:00 -	LMT	1921 Dec 31 23:59:00
-			-7:00	-	MST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	1930 Nov 15
-			-7:00	-	MST	1931 May  1 23:00
-			-6:00	-	CST	1931 Oct
-			-7:00	-	MST	1932 Apr  1
-			-6:00	-	CST	1942 Apr 24
-			-7:00	-	MST	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	-	PST	1970
-			-7:00	Mexico	M%sT	2010 Apr  4  2:00
-			-6:00	Mexico	C%sT
-
-# Baja California
-Zone America/Tijuana	-7:48:04 -	LMT	1922 Jan  1  0:11:56
-			-7:00	-	MST	1924
-			-8:00	-	PST	1927 Jun 10 23:00
-			-7:00	-	MST	1930 Nov 15
-			-8:00	-	PST	1931 Apr  1
-			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1931 Sep 30
-			-8:00	-	PST	1942 Apr 24
-			-8:00	1:00	PWT	1945 Aug 14 23:00u
-			-8:00	1:00	PPT	1945 Nov 12 # Peace
-			-8:00	-	PST	1948 Apr  5
-			-8:00	1:00	PDT	1949 Jan 14
-			-8:00	-	PST	1954
-			-8:00	CA	P%sT	1961
-			-8:00	-	PST	1976
-			-8:00	US	P%sT	1996
-			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2001
-			-8:00	US	P%sT	2002 Feb 20
-			-8:00	Mexico	P%sT	2010
-			-8:00	US	P%sT
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Formerly there was an America/Ensenada zone, which differed from
-# America/Tijuana only in that it did not observe DST from 1976
-# through 1995.  This was as per Shanks (1999).  But Shanks & Pottenger say
-# Ensenada did not observe DST from 1948 through 1975.  Guy Harris reports
-# that the 1987 OAG says "Only Ensenada, Mexicali, San Felipe and
-# Tijuana observe DST," which agrees with Shanks & Pottenger but implies that
-# DST-observance was a town-by-town matter back then.  This concerns
-# data after 1970 so most likely there should be at least one Zone
-# other than America/Tijuana for Baja, but it's not clear yet what its
-# name or contents should be.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-10-08):
-# Formerly there was an America/Santa_Isabel zone, but this appears to
-# have come from a misreading of
-# http://dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5127480&fecha=06/01/2010
-# It has been moved to the 'backward' file.
-#
-#
-# Revillagigedo Is
-# no information
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Anguilla
-# Antigua and Barbuda
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
-
-# Bahamas
-#
-# For 1899 Milne gives -5:09:29.5; round that.
-#
-# From P Chan (2020-11-27, corrected on 2020-12-02):
-# There were two periods of DST observed in 1942-1945: 1942-05-01
-# midnight to 1944-12-31 midnight and 1945-02-01 to 1945-10-17 midnight.
-# "midnight" should mean 24:00 from the context.
-#
-# War Time Order 1942 [1942-05-01] and War Time (No. 2) Order 1942  [1942-09-29]
-# Appendix to the Statutes of 7 George VI. and the Year 1942. p 34, 43
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA34
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA43
-#
-# War Time Order 1943 [1943-03-31] and War Time Order 1944 [1943-12-29]
-# Appendix to the Statutes of 8 George VI. and the Year 1943. p 9-10, 28-29
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA9
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA4-PA28
-#
-# War Time Order 1945 [1945-01-31] and the Order which revoke War Time Order
-# 1945 [1945-10-16] Appendix to the Statutes of 9 George VI. and the Year
-# 1945. p 160, 247-248
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA160
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=5rlNAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA6-PA247
-#
-# From Sue Williams (2006-12-07):
-# The Bahamas announced about a month ago that they plan to change their DST
-# rules to sync with the U.S. starting in 2007....
-# http://www.jonesbahamas.com/?c=45&a=10412
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Bahamas	1942	only	-	May	 1	24:00	1:00	W
-Rule	Bahamas	1944	only	-	Dec	31	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Bahamas	1945	only	-	Feb	 1	0:00	1:00	W
-Rule	Bahamas	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	P # Peace
-Rule	Bahamas	1945	only	-	Oct	17	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Bahamas	1964	1975	-	Oct	lastSun	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Bahamas	1964	1975	-	Apr	lastSun	2:00	1:00	D
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Nassau	-5:09:30 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
-			-5:00	Bahamas	E%sT	1976
-			-5:00	US	E%sT
-
-# Barbados
-
-# For 1899 Milne gives -3:58:29.2; round that.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Barb	1977	only	-	Jun	12	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Barb	1977	1978	-	Oct	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Barb	1978	1980	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Barb	1979	only	-	Sep	30	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Barb	1980	only	-	Sep	25	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Barbados	-3:58:29 -	LMT	1924 # Bridgetown
-			-3:58:29 -	BMT	1932 # Bridgetown Mean Time
-			-4:00	Barb	A%sT
-
-# Belize
-
-# From P Chan (2020-11-03):
-# Below are some laws related to the time in British Honduras/Belize:
-#
-# Definition of Time Ordinance, 1927 (No.4 of 1927) [1927-04-01]
-# Ordinances of British Honduras Passed in the Year 1927, p 19-20
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=LqEpAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA3-PA19
-#
-# Definition of Time (Amendment) Ordinance, 1942 (No. 5 of 1942) [1942-06-27]
-# Ordinances of British Honduras Passed in the Year 1942, p 31-32
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=h6MpAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA6-PA95-IA44
-#
-# Definition of Time Ordinance, 1945 (No. 19 of 1945) [1945-12-15]
-# Ordinances of British Honduras Passed in the Year 1945, p 49-50
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=xaMpAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PP1
-#
-# Definition of Time Ordinance, 1947 (No. 1 of 1947) [1947-03-11]
-# Ordinances of British Honduras Passed in the Year 1947, p 1-2
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=xaMpAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA3-PA1
-#
-# Time (Definition of) Ordinance  (Chapter 180)
-# The Laws of British Honduras in Force on the 15th Day of September, 1958 , Volume IV, p 2580
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=v5QpAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA2580
-#
-# Time (Definition of) (Amendment) Ordinance, 1968 (No. 13 of 1968) [1968-08-03]
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=xij7KEB_58wC&pg=RA1-PA428-IA9
-#
-# Definition of Time Act (Chapter 339)
-# Law of Belize, Revised Edition 2000
-# http://www.belizelaw.org/web/lawadmin/PDF%20files/cap339.pdf
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2020-11-03):
-# The transitions below are derived from P Chan's sources, except that the
-# 1973 through 1983 transitions are from Shanks & Pottenger since we have
-# no better data there.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Belize	1918	1941	-	Oct	Sat>=1	24:00	0:30	-0530
-Rule	Belize	1919	1942	-	Feb	Sat>=8	24:00	0	CST
-Rule	Belize	1942	only	-	Jun	27	24:00	1:00	CWT
-Rule	Belize	1945	only	-	Aug	14	23:00u	1:00	CPT
-Rule	Belize	1945	only	-	Dec	15	24:00	0	CST
-Rule	Belize	1947	1967	-	Oct	Sat>=1	24:00	0:30	-0530
-Rule	Belize	1948	1968	-	Feb	Sat>=8	24:00	0	CST
-Rule	Belize	1973	only	-	Dec	 5	0:00	1:00	CDT
-Rule	Belize	1974	only	-	Feb	 9	0:00	0	CST
-Rule	Belize	1982	only	-	Dec	18	0:00	1:00	CDT
-Rule	Belize	1983	only	-	Feb	12	0:00	0	CST
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Belize	-5:52:48 -	LMT	1912 Apr  1
-			-6:00	Belize	%s
-
-# Bermuda
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2020-11-24):
-# For 1899 Milne gives -4:19:18.3 as the meridian of the clock tower,
-# Bermuda dockyard, Ireland I.  This agrees with standard offset given in the
-# Daylight Saving Act, 1917 cited below.  Round that to the nearest second.
-# It is not known when this time became standard for Bermuda; guess 1890.
-# The transition to -04 was specified by:
-# 1930: The Time Zone Act, 1929 (1929: No. 39) [1929-11-08]
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=7tdMAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA54-PP1
-
-# From P Chan (2020-11-20):
-# Most of the information can be found online from the Bermuda National
-# Library - Digital Collection which includes The Royal Gazette (RG) until 1957
-# https://bnl.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/
-# I will cite the ID.  For example, [10000] means
-# https://bnl.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/BermudaNP02/id/10000
-#
-# 1917: Apr 5 midnight to Sep 30 midnight
-# Daylight Saving Act, 1917 (1917 No. 13) [1917-04-02]
-# Bermuda Acts and Resolves 1917, p 37-38
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=M-lCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA36-IA2
-# RG, 1917-04-04, p 6 [42340] gives the spring forward date.
-#
-# 1918: Apr 13 midnight to Sep 15 midnight
-# Daylight Saving Act, 1918 (1918 No. 9) [1918-04-06]
-# Bermuda Acts and Resolves 1917, p 13
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=K-lCAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA7
-#
-# Note that local mean time was still used before 1930.
-#
-# During WWII, DST was introduced by Defence Regulations
-# 1942: Jan 11 02:00 to Oct 18 02:00 [113646], [115726]
-# 1943: Mar 21 02:00 to Oct 31 02:00 [116704], [118193]
-# 1944: Mar 12 02:00 to Nov 5 02:00 [119225], [121593]
-# 1945: Mar 11 02:00 to Nov 4 02:00 [122369], [124461]
-# RG, 1942-01-08, p 2, 1942-10-12, p 2 , 1943-03-06, p 2, 1943-09-03, p 1,
-# 1944-02-29, p 6, 1944-09-20, p 2, 1945-02-13, p 2, 1945-11-03, p 1
-#
-# In 1946, the House of Assembly rejected DST twice. [128686], [128076]
-# RG, 1946-03-16 p 1,1946-04-13 p 1
-#
-# 1947: third Sunday in May 02:00 to second Sunday in September 02:00
-# DST in 1947 was defined in the Daylight Saving Act, 1947 (1947: No. 12)
-# which expired at the end of the year.  [125784] ,[132405], [144454], [138226]
-# RG, 1947-02-27, p 1, 1947-05-15, p 1, 1947-09-13, p 1, 1947-12-30, p 1
-#
-# 1948-1952: fourth Sunday in May 02:00 to first Sunday in September 02:00
-# DST in 1948 was defined in the Daylight Saving Act, 1948 (1948 : No. 12)
-# which was set to expired at the end of the year but it was extended until
-# the end of 1952 and was not further extended.
-# [129802], [139403], [146008], [135240], [144330], [139049], [143309],
-# [148271], [149773], [153589], [153802], [155924]
-# RG, 1948-04-13, p 1, 1948-05-22, p 1, 1948-09-04, p 1, 1949-05-21, p1,
-# 1949-09-03, p 1, 1950-05-27 p 1, 1950-09-02, p 1, 1951-05-27, p 1,
-# 1951-09-01, p 1, 1952-05-23, p 1, 1952-09-26, p 1, 1952-12-21, p 8
-#
-# In 1953-1955, the House of Assembly rejected DST each year. [158996],
-# [162620], [166720] RG, 1953-05-02, p 1, 1954-04-01 p 1, 1955-03-12, p 1
-#
-# 1956: fourth Sunday in May 02:00 to last Sunday in October 02:00
-# Time Zone (Seasonal Variation) Act, 1956 (1956: No.44) [1956-05-25]
-# Bermuda Public Acts 1956, p 331-332
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=Xs1AlmD_cEwC&pg=PA63
-#
-# The extension of the Act was rejected by the House of Assembly. [176218]
-# RG, 1956-12-13, p 1
-#
-# From the Chronological Table of Public and Private Acts up to 1985, it seems
-# that there does not exist other Acts related to DST before 1973.
-# https://books.google.com/books?id=r9hMAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA23-PA1
-# Public Acts of the Legislature of the Islands of Bermuda, Together with
-# Statutory Instruments in Force Thereunder, Vol VII
-
-# From Dan Jones, reporting in The Royal Gazette (2006-06-26):
-# Next year, however, clocks in the US will go forward on the second Sunday
-# in March, until the first Sunday in November.  And, after the Time Zone
-# (Seasonal Variation) Bill 2006 was passed in the House of Assembly on
-# Friday, the same thing will happen in Bermuda.
-# http://www.theroyalgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20060529/NEWS/105290135
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Bermuda	1917	only	-	Apr	 5	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Bermuda	1917	only	-	Sep	30	24:00	0	-
-Rule	Bermuda	1918	only	-	Apr	13	24:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Bermuda	1918	only	-	Sep	15	24:00	0	S
-Rule	Bermuda	1942	only	-	Jan	11	 2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Bermuda	1942	only	-	Oct	18	 2:00	0	S
-Rule	Bermuda	1943	only	-	Mar	21	 2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Bermuda	1943	only	-	Oct	31	 2:00	0	S
-Rule	Bermuda	1944	1945	-	Mar	Sun>=8	 2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Bermuda	1944	1945	-	Nov	Sun>=1	 2:00	0	S
-Rule	Bermuda	1947	only	-	May	Sun>=15	 2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Bermuda	1947	only	-	Sep	Sun>=8	 2:00	0	S
-Rule	Bermuda	1948	1952	-	May	Sun>=22	 2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Bermuda	1948	1952	-	Sep	Sun>=1	 2:00	0	S
-Rule	Bermuda	1956	only	-	May	Sun>=22	 2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Bermuda	1956	only	-	Oct	lastSun	 2:00	0	S
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Bermuda	-4:19:18 -	LMT	1890	# Hamilton
-			-4:19:18 Bermuda BMT/BST 1930 Jan 1  2:00
-			-4:00	Bermuda	A%sT	1974 Apr 28  2:00
-			-4:00	Canada	A%sT	1976
-			-4:00	US	A%sT
-
-# Cayman Is
-# See America/Panama.
-
-# Costa Rica
-
-# Milne gives -5:36:13.3 as San José mean time; round to nearest.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	CR	1979	1980	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	CR	1991	1992	-	Jan	Sat>=15	0:00	1:00	D
-# IATA SSIM (1991-09) says the following was at 1:00;
-# go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	CR	1991	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	CR	1992	only	-	Mar	15	0:00	0	S
-# There are too many San Josés elsewhere, so we'll use 'Costa Rica'.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Costa_Rica	-5:36:13 -	LMT	1890        # San José
-			-5:36:13 -	SJMT	1921 Jan 15 # San José Mean Time
-			-6:00	CR	C%sT
-# Coco
-# no information; probably like America/Costa_Rica
-
-# Cuba
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
-# Milne gives -5:28:50.45 for the observatory at Havana, -5:29:23.57
-# for the port, and -5:30 for meteorological observations.
-# For now, stick with Shanks & Pottenger.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (1999-03-29):
-# The 1999-03-28 exhibition baseball game held in Havana, Cuba, between
-# the Cuban National Team and the Baltimore Orioles was carried live on
-# the Orioles Radio Network, including affiliate WTOP in Washington, DC.
-# During the game, play-by-play announcer Jim Hunter noted that
-# "We'll be losing two hours of sleep...Cuba switched to Daylight Saving
-# Time today."  (The "two hour" remark referred to losing one hour of
-# sleep on 1999-03-28 - when the announcers were in Cuba as it switched
-# to DST - and one more hour on 1999-04-04 - when the announcers will have
-# returned to Baltimore, which switches on that date.)
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-11-11):
-# DST start in Cuba in 2004 ... does not follow the same rules as the
-# years before.  The correct date should be Sunday 2004-03-28 00:00 ...
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20040402060750/http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2004/marzo/sab27/reloj.html
-
-# From Evert van der Veer via Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-28):
-# Cuba is not going back to standard time this year.
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2004/septiembre/juev30/41medid-i.html
-# says that it's due to a problem at the Antonio Guiteras
-# thermoelectric plant, and says "This October there will be no return
-# to normal hours (after daylight saving time)".
-# For now, let's assume that it's a temporary measure.
-
-# From Carlos A. Carnero Delgado (2005-11-12):
-# This year (just like in 2004-2005) there's no change in time zone
-# adjustment in Cuba.  We will stay in daylight saving time:
-# http://www.granma.cu/espanol/2005/noviembre/mier9/horario.html
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-21):
-# An article in GRANMA INTERNACIONAL claims that Cuba will end
-# the 3 years of permanent DST next weekend, see
-# http://www.granma.cu/ingles/2006/octubre/lun16/43horario.html
-# "On Saturday night, October 28 going into Sunday, October 29, at 01:00,
-# watches should be set back one hour - going back to 00:00 hours - returning
-# to the normal schedule....
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-03-02):
-# , dated yesterday,
-# says Cuban clocks will advance at midnight on March 10.
-# For lack of better information, assume Cuba will use US rules,
-# except that it switches at midnight standard time as usual.
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-25):
-# Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz informed me that Cuba will end DST one week
-# earlier - on the last Sunday of October, just like in 2006.
-#
-# He supplied these references:
-#
-# http://www.prensalatina.com.mx/article.asp?ID=%7B4CC32C1B-A9F7-42FB-8A07-8631AFC923AF%7D&language=ES
-# http://actualidad.terra.es/sociedad/articulo/cuba_llama_ahorrar_energia_cambio_1957044.htm
-#
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2007-10-25):
-# Here is also article from Granma (Cuba):
-#
-# Regirá el Horario Normal desde el próximo domingo 28 de octubre
-# http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2007/10/24/nacional/artic07.html
-#
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba03.html
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-09):
-# I'm in Maryland which is now observing United States Eastern Daylight
-# Time. At 9:44 local time I used RealPlayer to listen to
-# http://media.enet.cu/radioreloj
-# a Cuban information station, and heard
-# the time announced as "ocho cuarenta y cuatro" ("eight forty-four"),
-# indicating that Cuba is still on standard time.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-12):
-# It seems that Cuba will start DST on Sunday, 2007-03-16...
-# It was announced yesterday, according to this source (in Spanish):
-# http://www.nnc.cubaweb.cu/marzo-2008/cien-1-11-3-08.htm
-#
-# Some more background information is posted here:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-march-16.html
-#
-# The article also says that Cuba has been observing DST since 1963,
-# while Shanks (and tzdata) has 1965 as the first date (except in the
-# 1940's). Many other web pages in Cuba also claim that it has been
-# observed since 1963, but with the exception of 1970 - an exception
-# which is not present in tzdata/Shanks. So there is a chance we need to
-# change some historic records as well.
-#
-# One example:
-# http://www.radiohc.cu/espanol/noticias/mar07/11mar/hor.htm
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-03-13):
-# The Cuban time change has just been confirmed on the most authoritative
-# web site, the Granma.  Please check out
-# http://www.granma.cubaweb.cu/2008/03/13/nacional/artic10.html
-#
-# Basically as expected after Steffen Thorsen's information, the change
-# will take place midnight between Saturday and Sunday.
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-12):
-# Assume Sun>=15 (third Sunday) going forward.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-04)
-# According to the Radio Reloj - Cuba will start Daylight Saving Time on
-# midnight between Saturday, March 07, 2009 and Sunday, March 08, 2009-
-# not on midnight March 14 / March 15 as previously thought.
-#
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_cuba05.html
-# (in Spanish)
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-09)
-# I listened over the Internet to
-# http://media.enet.cu/readioreloj
-# this morning; when it was 10:05 a. m. here in Bethesda, Maryland the
-# the time was announced as "diez cinco" - the same time as here, indicating
-# that has indeed switched to DST. Assume second Sunday from 2009 forward.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-03-08):
-# Granma announced that Cuba is going to start DST on 2011-03-20 00:00:00
-# this year. Nothing about the end date known so far (if that has
-# changed at all).
-#
-# Source:
-# http://granma.co.cu/2011/03/08/nacional/artic01.html
-#
-# Our info:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2011.html
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-30)
-# Cuba will end DST two weeks later this year. Instead of going back
-# tonight, it has been delayed to 2011-11-13 at 01:00.
-#
-# One source (Spanish)
-# http://www.radioangulo.cu/noticias/cuba/17105-cuba-restablecera-el-horario-del-meridiano-de-greenwich.html
-#
-# Our page:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-time-changes-2011.html
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-01)
-# According to Radio Reloj, Cuba will start DST on Midnight between March
-# 31 and April 1.
-#
-# Radio Reloj has the following info (Spanish):
-# http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/71-miscelaneas/7529-cuba-aplicara-el-horario-de-verano-desde-el-1-de-abril
-#
-# Our info on it:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/cuba-starts-dst-2012.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-11-03):
-# Radio Reloj and many other sources report that Cuba is changing back
-# to standard time on 2012-11-04:
-# http://www.radioreloj.cu/index.php/noticias-radio-reloj/36-nacionales/9961-regira-horario-normal-en-cuba-desde-el-domingo-cuatro-de-noviembre
-# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-03):
-# For now, assume the future rule is first Sunday in November.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Jun	10	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	1928	only	-	Oct	10	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	1940	1942	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	1940	1942	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	1945	1946	-	Jun	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	1945	1946	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	1965	only	-	Jun	1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	1965	only	-	Sep	30	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	1966	only	-	May	29	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	1966	only	-	Oct	2	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	1967	only	-	Apr	8	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	1967	1968	-	Sep	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	1968	only	-	Apr	14	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	1969	1977	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	1969	1971	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	1972	1974	-	Oct	8	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	1975	1977	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	1978	only	-	May	7	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	1978	1990	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	1979	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	1981	1985	-	May	Sun>=5	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	1986	1989	-	Mar	Sun>=14	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	1990	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	1991	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00s	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00s	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	1997	only	-	Oct	12	0:00s	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	1998	1999	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	1998	2003	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	2000	2003	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	2004	only	-	Mar	lastSun	0:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	2006	2010	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00s	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	2007	only	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	2008	only	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	2009	2010	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	2011	only	-	Nov	13	0:00s	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	2012	only	-	Apr	1	0:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Cuba	2012	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:00s	0	S
-Rule	Cuba	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00s	1:00	D
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Havana	-5:29:28 -	LMT	1890
-			-5:29:36 -	HMT	1925 Jul 19 12:00 # Havana MT
-			-5:00	Cuba	C%sT
-
-# Dominica
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
-
-# Dominican Republic
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-30):
-# Enrique Morales reported to me that the Dominican Republic has changed the
-# time zone to Eastern Standard Time as of Sunday 29 at 2 am....
-# http://www.listin.com.do/antes/261000/republica/princi.html
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04):
-# That URL (2000-10-26, in Spanish) says they planned to use US-style DST.
-
-# From Rives McDow (2000-12-01):
-# Dominican Republic changed its mind and presidential decree on Tuesday,
-# November 28, 2000, with a new decree.  On Sunday, December 3 at 1:00 AM the
-# Dominican Republic will be reverting to 8 hours from the International Date
-# Line, and will not be using DST in the foreseeable future.  The reason they
-# decided to use DST was to be in synch with Puerto Rico, who was also going
-# to implement DST.  When Puerto Rico didn't implement DST, the president
-# decided to revert.
-
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	DR	1966	only	-	Oct	30	0:00	1:00	EDT
-Rule	DR	1967	only	-	Feb	28	0:00	0	EST
-Rule	DR	1969	1973	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0:30	-0430
-Rule	DR	1970	only	-	Feb	21	0:00	0	EST
-Rule	DR	1971	only	-	Jan	20	0:00	0	EST
-Rule	DR	1972	1974	-	Jan	21	0:00	0	EST
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Santo_Domingo -4:39:36 -	LMT	1890
-			-4:40	-	SDMT	1933 Apr  1 12:00 # S. Dom. MT
-			-5:00	DR	%s	1974 Oct 27
-			-4:00	-	AST	2000 Oct 29  2:00
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	2000 Dec  3  1:00
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
-# El Salvador
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Salv	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Salv	1987	1988	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-# There are too many San Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/El_Salvador
-# instead of America/San_Salvador.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/El_Salvador -5:56:48 -	LMT	1921 # San Salvador
-			-6:00	Salv	C%sT
-
-# Grenada
-# Guadeloupe
-# St Barthélemy
-# St Martin (French part)
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
-
-# Guatemala
-#
-# From Gwillim Law (2006-04-22), after a heads-up from Oscar van Vlijmen:
-# Diario Co Latino, at
-# ,
-# says in an article dated 2006-04-19 that the Guatemalan government had
-# decided on that date to advance official time by 60 minutes, to lessen the
-# impact of the elevated cost of oil....  Daylight saving time will last from
-# 2006-04-29 24:00 (Guatemalan standard time) to 2006-09-30 (time unspecified).
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-06-22):
-# The Ministry of Energy and Mines, press release CP-15/2006
-# (2006-04-19), says DST ends at 24:00.  See
-# http://www.sieca.org.gt/Sitio_publico/Energeticos/Doc/Medidas/Cambio_Horario_Nac_190406.pdf
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Guat	1973	only	-	Nov	25	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Guat	1974	only	-	Feb	24	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Guat	1983	only	-	May	21	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Guat	1983	only	-	Sep	22	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Guat	1991	only	-	Mar	23	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Guat	1991	only	-	Sep	 7	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Guat	2006	only	-	Apr	30	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Guat	2006	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Guatemala	-6:02:04 -	LMT	1918 Oct 5
-			-6:00	Guat	C%sT
-
-# Haiti
-# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-15):
-# Risto O. Nykänen wrote me that Haiti is now on DST.
-# I searched for confirmation, and I found a press release
-# on the Web page of the Haitian Consulate in Chicago (2005-03-31),
-# .  Translated from French, it says:
-#
-#  "The Prime Minister's Communication Office notifies the public in general
-#   and the press in particular that, following a decision of the Interior
-#   Ministry and the Territorial Collectivities [I suppose that means the
-#   provinces], Haiti will move to Eastern Daylight Time in the night from next
-#   Saturday the 2nd to Sunday the 3rd.
-#
-#  "Consequently, the Prime Minister's Communication Office wishes to inform
-#   the population that the country's clocks will be set forward one hour
-#   starting at midnight.  This provision will hold until the last Saturday in
-#   October 2005.
-#
-#  "Port-au-Prince, March 31, 2005"
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-04-04):
-# I have been informed by users that Haiti observes DST this year like
-# last year, so the current "only" rule for 2005 might be changed to a
-# "max" rule or to last until 2006. (Who knows if they will observe DST
-# next year or if they will extend their DST like US/Canada next year).
-#
-# I have found this article about it (in French):
-# http://www.haitipressnetwork.com/news.cfm?articleID=7612
-#
-# The reason seems to be an energy crisis.
-
-# From Stephen Colebourne (2007-02-22):
-# Some IATA info: Haiti won't be having DST in 2007.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-11):
-# According to several news sources, Haiti will observe DST this year,
-# apparently using the same start and end date as USA/Canada.
-# So this means they have already changed their time.
-#
-# http://www.alterpresse.org/spip.php?article12510
-# http://radiovision2000haiti.net/home/?p=13253
-#
-# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-11):
-# The alterpresse.org source seems to show a US-style leap from 2:00 a.m. to
-# 3:00 a.m. rather than the traditional Haitian jump at midnight.
-# Assume a US-style fall back as well.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-10):
-# It appears that Haiti is observing DST this year as well, same rules
-# as US/Canada.  They did it last year as well, and it looks like they
-# are going to observe DST every year now...
-#
-# http://radiovision2000haiti.net/public/haiti-avis-changement-dheure-dimanche/
-# http://www.canalplushaiti.net/?p=6714
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2016-03-12):
-# Jean Antoine, editor of www.haiti-reference.com informed us that Haiti
-# are not going on DST this year.  Several other resources confirm this: ...
-# https://www.radiotelevisioncaraibes.com/presse/heure_d_t_pas_de_changement_d_heure_pr_vu_pour_cet_ann_e.html
-# https://www.vantbefinfo.com/changement-dheure-pas-pour-haiti/
-# http://news.anmwe.com/haiti-lheure-nationale-ne-sera-ni-avancee-ni-reculee-cette-annee/
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-03-12):
-# We have received 4 mails from different people telling that Haiti
-# has started DST again today, and this source seems to confirm that,
-# I have not been able to find a more authoritative source:
-# https://www.haitilibre.com/en/news-20319-haiti-notices-time-change-in-haiti.html
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Haiti	1983	only	-	May	8	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Haiti	1984	1987	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Haiti	1983	1987	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-# Shanks & Pottenger say AT is 2:00, but IATA SSIM (1991/1997) says 1:00s.
-# Go with IATA.
-Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Apr	Sun>=1	1:00s	1:00	D
-Rule	Haiti	1988	1997	-	Oct	lastSun	1:00s	0	S
-Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Haiti	2005	2006	-	Oct	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Haiti	2012	2015	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Haiti	2012	2015	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
-Rule	Haiti	2017	max	-	Mar	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Haiti	2017	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Port-au-Prince -4:49:20 -	LMT	1890
-			-4:49	-	PPMT	1917 Jan 24 12:00 # P-a-P MT
-			-5:00	Haiti	E%sT
-
-# Honduras
-# Shanks & Pottenger say 1921 Jan 1; go with Whitman's more precise Apr 1.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-05-05):
-# worldtimezone.com reports a 2006-05-02 Spanish-language AP article
-# saying Honduras will start using DST midnight Saturday, effective 4
-# months until September.  La Tribuna reported today
-#  that Manuel Zelaya, the president
-# of Honduras, refused to back down on this.
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-08-08):
-# It seems that Honduras has returned from DST to standard time this Monday at
-# 00:00 hours (prolonging Sunday to 25 hours duration).
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_honduras04.html
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-08):
-# Also see Diario El Heraldo, The country returns to standard time (2006-08-08).
-# http://www.elheraldo.hn/nota.php?nid=54941&sec=12
-# It mentions executive decree 18-2006.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17):
-# Honduras will observe DST from 2007 to 2009, exact dates are not
-# published, I have located this authoritative source:
-# http://www.presidencia.gob.hn/noticia.aspx?nId=47
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-30):
-# http://www.laprensahn.com/pais_nota.php?id04962=7386
-# So it seems that Honduras will not enter DST this year....
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Hond	1987	1988	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Hond	1987	1988	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Hond	2006	only	-	May	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Hond	2006	only	-	Aug	Mon>=1	0:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Tegucigalpa -5:48:52 -	LMT	1921 Apr
-			-6:00	Hond	C%sT
-#
-# Great Swan I ceded by US to Honduras in 1972
-
-# Jamaica
-# Shanks & Pottenger give -5:07:12, but Milne records -5:07:10.41 from an
-# unspecified official document, and says "This time is used throughout the
-# island".  Go with Milne.  Round to the nearest second as required by zic.
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger give April 28 for the 1974 spring-forward transition, but
-# Lance Neita writes that Prime Minister Michael Manley decreed it January 5.
-# Assume Neita meant Jan 6 02:00, the same as the US.  Neita also writes that
-# Manley's supporters associated this act with Manley's nickname "Joshua"
-# (recall that in the Bible the sun stood still at Joshua's request),
-# and with the Rod of Correction which Manley said he had received from
-# Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia.  See:
-# Neita L. The politician in all of us. Jamaica Observer 2014-09-20
-# http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-politician-in-all-of-us_17573647
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Jamaica	-5:07:10 -	LMT	1890        # Kingston
-			-5:07:10 -	KMT	1912 Feb    # Kingston Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	EST	1974
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	1984
-			-5:00	-	EST
-
-# Martinique
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Martinique	-4:04:20 -      LMT	1890        # Fort-de-France
-			-4:04:20 -	FFMT	1911 May    # Fort-de-France MT
-			-4:00	-	AST	1980 Apr  6
-			-4:00	1:00	ADT	1980 Sep 28
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
-# Montserrat
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
-
-# Nicaragua
-#
-# This uses Shanks & Pottenger for times before 2005.
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-04-12):
-# I've got reports from 8 different people that Nicaragua just started
-# DST on Sunday 2005-04-10, in order to save energy because of
-# expensive petroleum.  The exact end date for DST is not yet
-# announced, only "September" but some sites also say "mid-September".
-# Some background information is available on the President's official site:
-# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/Presidencia/Files_index/Secretaria/Notas%20de%20Prensa/Presidente/2005/ABRIL/Gobierno-de-nicaragua-adelanta-hora-oficial-06abril.htm
-# The Decree, no 23-2005 is available here:
-# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2005/Decreto%2023-2005%20Se%20adelanta%20en%20una%20hora%20en%20todo%20el%20territorio%20nacional%20apartir%20de%20las%2024horas%20del%2009%20de%20Abril.pdf
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2005-05-01):
-# The decree doesn't say anything about daylight saving, but for now let's
-# assume that it is daylight saving....
-#
-# From Gwillim Law (2005-04-21):
-# The Associated Press story on the time change, which can be found at
-# http://www.lapalmainteractivo.com/guias/content/gen/ap/America_Latina/AMC_GEN_NICARAGUA_HORA.html
-# and elsewhere, says (fifth paragraph, translated from Spanish): "The last
-# time that a change of clocks was applied to save energy was in the year 2000
-# during the Arnoldo Alemán administration."...
-# The northamerica file says that Nicaragua has been on UTC-6 continuously
-# since December 1998.  I wasn't able to find any details of Nicaraguan time
-# changes in 2000.  Perhaps a note could be added to the northamerica file, to
-# the effect that we have indirect evidence that DST was observed in 2000.
-#
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-11-02):
-# Nicaragua left DST the 2005-10-02 at 00:00 (local time).
-# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/presidencia/files_index/secretaria/comunicados/2005/septiembre/26septiembre-cambio-hora.htm
-# (2005-09-26)
-#
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-05-05):
-# http://www.elnuevodiario.com.ni/2006/05/01/nacionales/18410
-# (my informal translation)
-# By order of the president of the republic, Enrique Bolaños, Nicaragua
-# advanced by sixty minutes their official time, yesterday at 2 in the
-# morning, and will stay that way until 30th of September.
-#
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-30):
-# http://www.presidencia.gob.ni/buscador_gaceta/BD/DECRETOS/2006/D-063-2006P-PRN-Cambio-Hora.pdf
-# My informal translation runs:
-# The natural sun time is restored in all the national territory, in that the
-# time is returned one hour at 01:00 am of October 1 of 2006.
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Nic	1979	1980	-	Mar	Sun>=16	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Nic	1979	1980	-	Jun	Mon>=23	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Nic	2005	only	-	Apr	10	0:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Nic	2005	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	0	S
-Rule	Nic	2006	only	-	Apr	30	2:00	1:00	D
-Rule	Nic	2006	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	1:00	0	S
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Managua	-5:45:08 -	LMT	1890
-			-5:45:12 -	MMT	1934 Jun 23 # Managua Mean Time?
-			-6:00	-	CST	1973 May
-			-5:00	-	EST	1975 Feb 16
-			-6:00	Nic	C%sT	1992 Jan  1  4:00
-			-5:00	-	EST	1992 Sep 24
-			-6:00	-	CST	1993
-			-5:00	-	EST	1997
-			-6:00	Nic	C%sT
-
-# Panama
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Panama	-5:18:08 -	LMT	1890
-			-5:19:36 -	CMT	1908 Apr 22 # Colón Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	EST
-Link America/Panama America/Cayman
-
-# Puerto Rico
-# There are too many San Juans elsewhere, so we'll use 'Puerto_Rico'.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Puerto_Rico -4:24:25 -	LMT	1899 Mar 28 12:00 # San Juan
-			-4:00	-	AST	1942 May  3
-			-4:00	US	A%sT	1946
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
-# St Kitts-Nevis
-# St Lucia
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
-
-# St Pierre and Miquelon
-# There are too many St Pierres elsewhere, so we'll use 'Miquelon'.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Miquelon	-3:44:40 -	LMT	1911 May 15 # St Pierre
-			-4:00	-	AST	1980 May
-			-3:00	-	-03	1987
-			-3:00	Canada	-03/-02
-
-# St Vincent and the Grenadines
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
-
-# Turks and Caicos
-#
-# From Chris Dunn in
-# https://bugs.debian.org/415007
-# (2007-03-15): In the Turks & Caicos Islands (America/Grand_Turk) the
-# daylight saving dates for time changes have been adjusted to match
-# the recent U.S. change of dates.
-#
-# From Brian Inglis (2007-04-28):
-# http://www.turksandcaicos.tc/calendar/index.htm [2007-04-26]
-# there is an entry for Nov 4 "Daylight Savings Time Ends 2007" and three
-# rows before that there is an out of date entry for Oct:
-# "Eastern Standard Times Begins 2007
-# Clocks are set back one hour at 2:00 a.m. local Daylight Saving Time"
-# indicating that the normal ET rules are followed.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-19):
-# The 2014-08-13 Cabinet meeting decided to stay on UT -04 year-round.  See:
-# http://tcweeklynews.com/daylight-savings-time-to-be-maintained-p5353-127.htm
-# Model this as a switch from EST/EDT to AST ...
-# From Chris Walton (2014-11-04):
-# ... the TCI government appears to have delayed the switch to
-# "permanent daylight saving time" by one year....
-# http://tcweeklynews.com/time-change-to-go-ahead-this-november-p5437-127.htm
-#
-# From the Turks & Caicos Cabinet (2017-07-20), heads-up from Steffen Thorsen:
-# ... agreed to the reintroduction in TCI of Daylight Saving Time (DST)
-# during the summer months and Standard Time, also known as Local
-# Time, during the winter months with effect from April 2018 ...
-# https://www.gov.uk/government/news/turks-and-caicos-post-cabinet-meeting-statement--3
-# From Paul Eggert (2017-08-26):
-# The date of effect of the spring 2018 change appears to be March 11,
-# which makes more sense.  See: Hamilton D. Time change back
-# by March 2018 for TCI. Magnetic Media. 2017-08-25.
-# http://magneticmediatv.com/2017/08/time-change-back-by-march-2018-for-tci/
-#
-# From P Chan (2020-11-27):
-# Standard Time Declaration Order 2015 (L.N. 15/2015)
-# http://online.fliphtml5.com/fizd/czin/#p=2
-#
-# Standard Time Declaration Order 2017 (L.N. 31/2017)
-# http://online.fliphtml5.com/fizd/dmcu/#p=2
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2020-12-05):
-# Although L.N. 31/2017 reads that it "shall come into operation at 2:00 a.m.
-# on 11th March 2018", a precise interpretation here poses some problems.  The
-# order states that "the standard time to be observed throughout the Turks and
-# Caicos Islands shall be the same time zone as the Eastern United States of
-# America" and further clarifies "[f]or the avoidance of doubt" that it
-# "applies to the Eastern Standard Time as well as any changes thereto for
-# Daylight Saving Time."  However, as clocks in Turks and Caicos approached
-# 02:00 -04, and thus the declared implementation time, it was still 01:00 EST
-# (-05), as DST in the Eastern US would not start until an hour later.
-#
-# Since it is unlikely that those on the islands switched their clocks twice in
-# the span of an hour, we assume instead that the adoption of EDT actually took
-# effect once clocks in the Eastern US had sprung forward, from 03:00 -04.
-# This discrepancy only affects the time zone abbreviation and DST flag for the
-# intervening hour, not wall clock times, as -04 was maintained throughout.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Grand_Turk	-4:44:32 -	LMT	1890
-			-5:07:10 -	KMT	1912 Feb # Kingston Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	EST	1979
-			-5:00	US	E%sT	2015 Mar  8  2:00
-			-4:00	-	AST	2018 Mar 11  3:00
-			-5:00	US	E%sT
-
-# British Virgin Is
-# Virgin Is
-# See America/Port_of_Spain.
-
-
-# Local Variables:
-# coding: utf-8
-# End:
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/southamerica b/inst/tzdata/southamerica
deleted file mode 100644
index aad8b2db..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/southamerica
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1965 +0,0 @@
-# tzdb data for South America and environs
-
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-
-# This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
-# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
-# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
-# the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-05):
-#
-# Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
-# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
-# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
-# Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
-#
-# Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
-# for time zone data was the International Air Transport
-# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
-# published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
-# of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
-# IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
-#
-# For data circa 1899, a common source is:
-# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
-# https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
-#
-# These tables use numeric abbreviations like -03 and -0330 for
-# integer hour and minute UT offsets.  Although earlier editions used
-# alphabetic time zone abbreviations, these abbreviations were
-# invented and did not reflect common practice.
-
-###############################################################################
-
-###############################################################################
-
-# Argentina
-
-# From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
-# Argentina: first Sunday in October to first Sunday in April since 1976.
-# Double Summer time from 1969 to 1974.  Switches at midnight.
-
-# From U. S. Naval Observatory (1988-01-19):
-# ARGENTINA           3 H BEHIND   UTC
-
-# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
-# I am sending modifications to the Argentine time zone table...
-# AR was chosen because they are the ISO letters that represent Argentina.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Arg	1930	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Arg	1931	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Arg	1932	1940	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Arg	1932	1939	-	Nov	 1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Arg	1940	only	-	Jul	 1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Jun	15	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Arg	1941	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Aug	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Arg	1943	only	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Arg	1946	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Arg	1963	only	-	Dec	15	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Arg	1964	1966	-	Oct	15	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Arg	1967	only	-	Apr	 2	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Arg	1967	1968	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Arg	1968	1969	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	Jan	23	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Arg	1974	only	-	May	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Arg	1988	only	-	Dec	 1	0:00	1:00	-
-#
-# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
-# These corrections were contributed by InterSoft Argentina S.A.,
-# obtaining the data from the:
-# Talleres de Hidrografía Naval Argentina
-# (Argentine Naval Hydrography Institute)
-Rule	Arg	1989	1993	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Arg	1989	1992	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	-
-#
-# From Hernan G. Otero (1995-06-26):
-# From this moment on, the law that mandated the daylight saving
-# time corrections was derogated and no more modifications
-# to the time zones (for daylight saving) are now made.
-#
-# From Rives McDow (2000-01-10):
-# On October 3, 1999, 0:00 local, Argentina implemented daylight savings time,
-# which did not result in the switch of a time zone, as they stayed 9 hours
-# from the International Date Line.
-Rule	Arg	1999	only	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-12-28):
-# DST was set to expire on March 5, not March 3, but since it was converted
-# to standard time on March 3 it's more convenient for us to pretend that
-# it ended on March 3.
-Rule	Arg	2000	only	-	Mar	3	0:00	0	-
-#
-# From Peter Gradelski via Steffen Thorsen (2000-03-01):
-# We just checked with our São Paulo office and they say the government of
-# Argentina decided not to become one of the countries that go on or off DST.
-# So Buenos Aires should be -3 hours from GMT at all times.
-#
-# From Fabián L. Arce Jofré (2000-04-04):
-# The law that claimed DST for Argentina was derogated by President Fernando
-# de la Rúa on March 2, 2000, because it would make people spend more energy
-# in the winter time, rather than less.  The change took effect on March 3.
-#
-# From Mariano Absatz (2001-06-06):
-# one of the major newspapers here in Argentina said that the 1999
-# Timezone Law (which never was effectively applied) will (would?) be
-# in effect.... The article is at
-# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-06/e-01701.htm
-# ... The Law itself is "Ley No. 25155", sanctioned on 1999-08-25, enacted
-# 1999-09-17, and published 1999-09-21.  The official publication is at:
-# http://www.boletin.jus.gov.ar/BON/Primera/1999/09-Septiembre/21/PDF/BO21-09-99LEG.PDF
-# Regretfully, you have to subscribe (and pay) for the on-line version....
-#
-# (2001-06-12):
-# the timezone for Argentina will not change next Sunday.
-# Apparently it will do so on Sunday 24th....
-# http://ar.clarin.com/diario/2001-06-12/s-03501.htm
-#
-# (2001-06-25):
-# Last Friday (yes, the last working day before the date of the change), the
-# Senate annulled the 1999 law that introduced the changes later postponed.
-# http://www.clarin.com.ar/diario/2001-06-22/s-03601.htm
-# It remains the vote of the Deputies..., but it will be the same....
-# This kind of things had always been done this way in Argentina.
-# We are still -03:00 all year round in all of the country.
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-12-21):
-# A user (Leonardo Chaim) reported that Argentina will adopt DST....
-# all of the country (all Zone-entries) are affected.  News reports like
-# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/opinion/nota.asp?nota_id=973037 indicate
-# that Argentina will use DST next year as well, from October to
-# March, although exact rules are not given.
-#
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-12-26)
-# The last hurdle of Argentina DST is over, the proposal was approved in
-# the lower chamber too (Diputados) with a vote 192 for and 2 against.
-# By the way thanks to Mariano Absatz and Daniel Mario Vega for the link to
-# the original scanned proposal, where the dates and the zero hours are
-# clear and unambiguous...This is the article about final approval:
-# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/politica/nota.asp?nota_id=973996
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2007-12-22):
-# For dates after mid-2008, the following rules are my guesses and
-# are quite possibly wrong, but are more likely than no DST at all.
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-09-05):
-# As per message from Carlos Alberto Fonseca Arauz (Nicaragua),
-# Argentina will start DST on Sunday October 19, 2008.
-#
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina03.html
-# http://www.impulsobaires.com.ar/nota.php?id=57832 (in spanish)
-
-# From Juan Manuel Docile in https://bugs.gentoo.org/240339 (2008-10-07)
-# via Rodrigo Severo:
-# Argentinian law No. 25.155 is no longer valid.
-# http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/60000-64999/60036/norma.htm
-# The new one is law No. 26.350
-# http://www.infoleg.gov.ar/infolegInternet/anexos/135000-139999/136191/norma.htm
-# So there is no summer time in Argentina for now.
-
-# From Mariano Absatz (2008-10-20):
-# Decree 1693/2008 applies Law 26.350 for the summer 2008/2009 establishing DST
-# in Argentina from 2008-10-19 until 2009-03-15.
-# http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=16102008&pi=3&pf=4&s=0&sec=01
-#
-
-# Decree 1705/2008 excepting 12 Provinces from applying DST in the summer
-# 2008/2009: Catamarca, La Rioja, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, La
-# Pampa, Neuquén, Rio Negro, Chubut, Santa Cruz and Tierra del Fuego
-# http://www.boletinoficial.gov.ar/Bora.Portal/CustomControls/PdfContent.aspx?fp=17102008&pi=1&pf=1&s=0&sec=01
-#
-# Press release 235 dated Saturday October 18th, from the Government of the
-# Province of Jujuy saying it will not apply DST either (even when it was not
-# included in Decree 1705/2008).
-# http://www.jujuy.gov.ar/index2/partes_prensa/18_10_08/235-181008.doc
-
-# From fullinet (2009-10-18):
-# As announced in
-# http://www.argentina.gob.ar/argentina/portal/paginas.dhtml?pagina=356
-# (an official .gob.ar) under title: "Sin Cambio de Hora"
-# (English: "No hour change").
-#
-# "Por el momento, el Gobierno Nacional resolvió no modificar la hora
-# oficial, decisión que estaba en estudio para su implementación el
-# domingo 18 de octubre. Desde el Ministerio de Planificación se anunció
-# que la Argentina hoy, en estas condiciones meteorológicas, no necesita
-# la modificación del huso horario, ya que 2009 nos encuentra con
-# crecimiento en la producción y distribución energética."
-
-Rule	Arg	2007	only	-	Dec	30	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Arg	2008	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Arg	2008	only	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	-
-
-# From Mariano Absatz (2004-05-21):
-# Today it was officially published that the Province of Mendoza is changing
-# its timezone this winter... starting tomorrow night....
-# http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040521-27158-normas.pdf
-# From Paul Eggert (2004-05-24):
-# It's Law No. 7,210.  This change is due to a public power emergency, so for
-# now we'll assume it's for this year only.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-01-31):
-# Hora de verano para la República Argentina
-# http://buenasiembra.com.ar/esoterismo/astrologia/hora-de-verano-de-la-republica-argentina-27.html
-# says that standard time in Argentina from 1894-10-31
-# to 1920-05-01 was -4:16:48.25.  Go with this more-precise value
-# over Shanks & Pottenger.  It is upward compatible with Milne, who
-# says Córdoba time was -4:16:48.2.
-
-#
-# From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-05):
-# These media articles from a major newspaper mostly cover the current state:
-# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/27/de_604825.asp
-# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/05/28/de_605203.asp
-#
-# The following eight (8) provinces pulled clocks back to UTC-04:00 at
-# midnight Monday May 31st. (that is, the night between 05/31 and 06/01).
-# Apparently, all nine provinces would go back to UTC-03:00 at the same
-# time in October 17th.
-#
-# Catamarca, Chubut, La Rioja, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz,
-# Tierra del Fuego, Tucumán.
-#
-# From Mariano Absatz (2004-06-14):
-# ... this weekend, the Province of Tucumán decided it'd go back to UTC-03:00
-# yesterday midnight (that is, at 24:00 Saturday 12th), since the people's
-# annoyance with the change is much higher than the power savings obtained....
-#
-# From Gwillim Law (2004-06-14):
-# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/04/06/10/de_609078.asp ...
-#     "The time change in Tierra del Fuego was a conflicted decision from
-#   the start.  The government had decreed that the measure would take
-#   effect on June 1, but a normative error forced the new time to begin
-#   three days earlier, from a Saturday to a Sunday....
-# Our understanding was that the change was originally scheduled to take place
-# on June 1 at 00:00 in Chubut, Santa Cruz, Tierra del Fuego (and some other
-# provinces).  Sunday was May 30, only two days earlier.  So the article
-# contains a contradiction.  I would give more credence to the Saturday/Sunday
-# date than the "three days earlier" phrase, and conclude that Tierra del
-# Fuego set its clocks back at 2004-05-30 00:00.
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2004-10-05):
-# The previous law 7210 which changed the province of Mendoza's time zone
-# back in May have been modified slightly in a new law 7277, which set the
-# new end date to 2004-09-26 (original date was 2004-10-17).
-# http://www.gobernac.mendoza.gov.ar/boletin/pdf/20040924-27244-normas.pdf
-#
-# From Mariano Absatz (2004-10-05):
-# San Juan changed from UTC-03:00 to UTC-04:00 at midnight between
-# Sunday, May 30th and Monday, May 31st.  It changed back to UTC-03:00
-# at midnight between Saturday, July 24th and Sunday, July 25th....
-# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000329.html
-# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000426.html
-# http://www.sanjuan.gov.ar/prensa/archivo/000441.html
-
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-01-17):
-# Here are articles that Argentina Province San Luis is planning to end DST
-# as earlier as upcoming Monday January 21, 2008 or February 2008:
-#
-# Provincia argentina retrasa reloj y marca diferencia con resto del país
-# (Argentine Province delayed clock and mark difference with the rest of the
-# country)
-# http://cl.invertia.com/noticias/noticia.aspx?idNoticia=200801171849_EFE_ET4373&idtel
-#
-# Es inminente que en San Luis atrasen una hora los relojes
-# (It is imminent in San Luis clocks one hour delay)
-# https://www.lagaceta.com.ar/nota/253414/Economia/Es-inminente-que-en-San-Luis-atrasen-una-hora-los-relojes.html
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina02.html
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-18):
-# The page of the San Luis provincial government
-# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=0&id=22812
-# confirms what Alex Krivenyshev has earlier sent to the tz
-# emailing list about that San Luis plans to return to standard
-# time much earlier than the rest of the country. It also
-# confirms that upon request the provinces San Juan and Mendoza
-# refused to follow San Luis in this change.
-#
-# The change is supposed to take place Monday the 21st at 0:00
-# hours. As far as I understand it if this goes ahead, we need
-# a new timezone for San Luis (although there are also documented
-# independent changes in the southamerica file of San Luis in
-# 1990 and 1991 which has not been confirmed).
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-01-25):
-# Unfortunately the below page has become defunct, about the San Luis
-# time change. Perhaps because it now is part of a group of pages "Most
-# important pages of 2008."
-#
-# You can use
-# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/notas.asp?idCanal=8141&id=22834
-# instead it seems. Or use "Buscador" from the main page of the San Luis
-# government, and fill in "huso" and click OK, and you will get 3 pages
-# from which the first one is identical to the above.
-
-# From Mariano Absatz (2008-01-28):
-# I can confirm that the Province of San Luis (and so far only that
-# province) decided to go back to UTC-3 effective midnight Jan 20th 2008
-# (that is, Monday 21st at 0:00 is the time the clocks were delayed back
-# 1 hour), and they intend to keep UTC-3 as their timezone all year round
-# (that is, unless they change their mind any minute now).
-#
-# So we'll have to add yet another city to 'southamerica' (I think San
-# Luis city is the mos populated city in the Province, so it'd be
-# America/Argentina/San_Luis... of course I can't remember if San Luis's
-# history of particular changes goes along with Mendoza or San Juan :-(
-# (I only remember not being able to collect hard facts about San Luis
-# back in 2004, when these provinces changed to UTC-4 for a few days, I
-# mailed them personally and never got an answer).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12):
-# Unless otherwise specified, data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger through
-# 1992, from the IATA otherwise.  As noted below, Shanks & Pottenger say that
-# America/Cordoba split into 6 subregions during 1991/1992, one of which
-# was America/San_Luis, but we haven't verified this yet so for now we'll
-# keep America/Cordoba a single region rather than splitting it into the
-# other 5 subregions.
-
-# From Mariano Absatz (2009-03-13):
-# Yesterday (with our usual 2-day notice) the Province of San Luis
-# decided that next Sunday instead of "staying" @utc-03:00 they will go
-# to utc-04:00 until the second Saturday in October...
-#
-# The press release is at
-# http://www.sanluis.gov.ar/SL/Paginas/NoticiaDetalle.asp?TemaId=1&InfoPrensaId=3102
-# (I couldn't find the decree, but www.sanluis.gov.ar
-# is the official page for the Province Government.)
-#
-# There's also a note in only one of the major national papers ...
-# http://www.lanacion.com.ar/nota.asp?nota_id=1107912
-#
-# The press release says [quick and dirty translation]:
-# ... announced that next Sunday, at 00:00, Puntanos (the San Luis
-# inhabitants) will have to turn back one hour their clocks
-#
-# Since then, San Luis will establish its own Province timezone. Thus,
-# during 2009, this timezone change will run from 00:00 the third Sunday
-# in March until 24:00 of the second Saturday in October.
-
-# From Mariano Absatz (2009-10-16):
-# ...the Province of San Luis is a case in itself.
-#
-# The Law at
-# http://www.diputadossanluis.gov.ar/diputadosasp/paginas/verNorma.asp?NormaID=276
-# is ambiguous because establishes a calendar from the 2nd Sunday in
-# October at 0:00 thru the 2nd Saturday in March at 24:00 and the
-# complement of that starting on the 2nd Sunday of March at 0:00 and
-# ending on the 2nd Saturday of March at 24:00.
-#
-# This clearly breaks every time the 1st of March or October is a Sunday.
-#
-# IMHO, the "spirit of the Law" is to make the changes at 0:00 on the 2nd
-# Sunday of October and March.
-#
-# The problem is that the changes in the rest of the Provinces that did
-# change in 2007/2008, were made according to the Federal Law and Decrees
-# that did so on the 3rd Sunday of October and March.
-#
-# In fact, San Luis actually switched from UTC-4 to UTC-3 last Sunday
-# (October 11th) at 0:00.
-#
-# So I guess a new set of rules, besides "Arg", must be made and the last
-# America/Argentina/San_Luis entries should change to use these...
-# ...
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-04-09):
-# According to news reports from El Diario de la República Province San
-# Luis, Argentina (standard time UTC-04) will keep Daylight Saving Time
-# after April 11, 2010 - will continue to have same time as rest of
-# Argentina (UTC-3) (no DST).
-#
-# Confirmaron la prórroga del huso horario de verano (Spanish)
-# http://www.eldiariodelarepublica.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29383&Itemid=9
-# or (some English translation):
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_argentina08.html
-
-# From Mariano Absatz (2010-04-12):
-# yes...I can confirm this...and given that San Luis keeps calling
-# UTC-03:00 "summer time", we should't just let San Luis go back to "Arg"
-# rules...San Luis is still using "Western ARgentina Time" and it got
-# stuck on Summer daylight savings time even though the summer is over.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-01-23):
-# Perhaps San Luis operates on the legal fiction that it is at -04
-# with perpetual daylight saving time, but ordinary usage typically seems to
-# just say it's at -03; see, for example,
-# https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hora_oficial_argentina
-# We've documented similar situations as being plain changes to
-# standard time, so let's do that here too.  This does not change UTC
-# offsets, only tm_isdst and the time zone abbreviations.  One minor
-# plus is that this silences a zic complaint that there's no POSIX TZ
-# setting for timestamps past 2038.
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-#
-# Buenos Aires (BA), Capital Federal (CF),
-Zone America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires -3:53:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May    # Córdoba Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02
-#
-# Córdoba (CB), Santa Fe (SF), Entre Ríos (ER), Corrientes (CN), Misiones (MN),
-# Chaco (CC), Formosa (FM), Santiago del Estero (SE)
-#
-# Shanks & Pottenger also make the following claims, which we haven't verified:
-# - Formosa switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-07.
-# - Misiones switched to -3:00 on 1990-12-29.
-# - Chaco switched to -3:00 on 1991-01-04.
-# - Santiago del Estero switched to -4:00 on 1991-04-01,
-#   then to -3:00 on 1991-04-26.
-#
-Zone America/Argentina/Cordoba -4:16:48 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02
-#
-# Salta (SA), La Pampa (LP), Neuquén (NQ), Rio Negro (RN)
-Zone America/Argentina/Salta -4:21:40 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
-#
-# Tucumán (TM)
-Zone America/Argentina/Tucuman -4:20:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 13
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02
-#
-# La Rioja (LR)
-Zone America/Argentina/La_Rioja -4:27:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 May  7
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
-#
-# San Juan (SJ)
-Zone America/Argentina/San_Juan -4:34:04 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 May  7
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 31
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jul 25
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
-#
-# Jujuy (JY)
-Zone America/Argentina/Jujuy -4:21:12 -	LMT	1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1990 Mar  4
-			-4:00	-	-04	1990 Oct 28
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	1991 Mar 17
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct  6
-			-3:00	1:00	-02	1992
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
-#
-# Catamarca (CT), Chubut (CH)
-Zone America/Argentina/Catamarca -4:23:08 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1991 Mar  3
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
-#
-# Mendoza (MZ)
-Zone America/Argentina/Mendoza -4:35:16 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1990 Mar  4
-			-4:00	-	-04	1990 Oct 15
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	1991 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Oct 15
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	1992 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1992 Oct 18
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 23
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Sep 26
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
-#
-# San Luis (SL)
-
-Rule	SanLuis	2008	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
-Rule	SanLuis	2007	2008	-	Oct	Sun>=8	0:00	1:00	-
-
-Zone America/Argentina/San_Luis -4:25:24 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1990
-			-3:00	1:00	-02	1990 Mar 14
-			-4:00	-	-04	1990 Oct 15
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	1991 Mar  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1991 Jun  1
-			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 31
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jul 25
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Jan 21
-			-4:00	SanLuis	-04/-03	2009 Oct 11
-			-3:00	-	-03
-#
-# Santa Cruz (SC)
-Zone America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos -4:36:52 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 Jun  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
-#
-# Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (TF)
-Zone America/Argentina/Ushuaia -4:33:12 - LMT	1894 Oct 31
-			-4:16:48 -	CMT	1920 May
-			-4:00	-	-04	1930 Dec
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1999 Oct  3
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	2000 Mar  3
-			-3:00	-	-03	2004 May 30
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Jun 20
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	2008 Oct 18
-			-3:00	-	-03
-
-# Aruba
-Link America/Curacao America/Aruba
-
-# Bolivia
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/La_Paz	-4:32:36 -	LMT	1890
-			-4:32:36 -	CMT	1931 Oct 15 # Calamarca MT
-			-4:32:36 1:00	BST	1932 Mar 21 # Bolivia ST
-			-4:00	-	-04
-
-# Brazil
-
-# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
-# The mayor of Rio recently attempted to change the time zone rules
-# just in his city, in order to leave more summer time for the tourist trade.
-# The rule change lasted only part of the day;
-# the federal government refused to follow the city's rules, and business
-# was in a chaos, so the mayor backed down that afternoon.
-
-# From IATA SSIM (1996-02):
-# _Only_ the following states in BR1 observe DST: Rio Grande do Sul (RS),
-# Santa Catarina (SC), Paraná (PR), São Paulo (SP), Rio de Janeiro (RJ),
-# Espírito Santo (ES), Minas Gerais (MG), Bahia (BA), Goiás (GO),
-# Distrito Federal (DF), Tocantins (TO), Sergipe [SE] and Alagoas [AL].
-# [The last three states are new to this issue of the IATA SSIM.]
-
-# From Gwillim Law (1996-10-07):
-# Geography, history (Tocantins was part of Goiás until 1989), and other
-# sources of time zone information lead me to believe that AL, SE, and TO were
-# always in BR1, and so the only change was whether or not they observed DST....
-# The earliest issue of the SSIM I have is 2/91.  Each issue from then until
-# 9/95 says that DST is observed only in the ten states I quoted from 9/95,
-# along with Mato Grosso (MT) and Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), which are in BR2
-# (UTC-4)....  The other two time zones given for Brazil are BR3, which is
-# UTC-5, no DST, and applies only in the state of Acre (AC); and BR4, which is
-# UTC-2, and applies to Fernando de Noronha (formerly FN, but I believe it's
-# become part of the state of Pernambuco).  The boundary between BR1 and BR2
-# has never been clearly stated.  They've simply been called East and West.
-# However, some conclusions can be drawn from another IATA manual: the Airline
-# Coding Directory, which lists close to 400 airports in Brazil.  For each
-# airport it gives a time zone which is coded to the SSIM.  From that
-# information, I'm led to conclude that the states of Amapá (AP), Ceará (CE),
-# Maranhão (MA), Paraíba (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piauí (PI), and Rio Grande do
-# Norte (RN), and the eastern part of Pará (PA) are all in BR1 without DST.
-
-# From Marcos Tadeu (1998-09-27):
-# Brazilian official page 
-
-# From Jesper Nørgaard (2000-11-03):
-# [For an official list of which regions in Brazil use which time zones, see:]
-# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbr.htm
-# http://pcdsh01.on.br/Fusbrhv.htm
-
-# From Celso Doria via David Madeo (2002-10-09):
-# The reason for the delay this year has to do with elections in Brazil.
-#
-# Unlike in the United States, elections in Brazil are 100% computerized and
-# the results are known almost immediately.  Yesterday, it was the first
-# round of the elections when 115 million Brazilians voted for President,
-# Governor, Senators, Federal Deputies, and State Deputies.  Nobody is
-# counting (or re-counting) votes anymore and we know there will be a second
-# round for the Presidency and also for some Governors.  The 2nd round will
-# take place on October 27th.
-#
-# The reason why the DST will only begin November 3rd is that the thousands
-# of electoral machines used cannot have their time changed, and since the
-# Constitution says the elections must begin at 8:00 AM and end at 5:00 PM,
-# the Government decided to postpone DST, instead of changing the Constitution
-# (maybe, for the next elections, it will be possible to change the clock)...
-
-# From Rodrigo Severo (2004-10-04):
-# It's just the biannual change made necessary by the much hyped, supposedly
-# modern Brazilian eletronic voting machines which, apparently, can't deal
-# with a time change between the first and the second rounds of the elections.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-20):
-# Brazil will start DST on 2007-10-14 00:00 and end on 2008-02-17 00:00:
-# http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do;jsessionid=BBA06811AFCAAC28F0285210913513DA?newsId=13975
-
-# From Paul Schulze (2008-06-24):
-# ...by law number 11.662 of April 24, 2008 (published in the "Diario
-# Oficial da União"...) in Brazil there are changes in the timezones,
-# effective today (00:00am at June 24, 2008) as follows:
-#
-# a) The timezone UTC+5 is extinguished, with all the Acre state and the
-# part of the Amazonas state that had this timezone now being put to the
-# timezone UTC+4
-# b) The whole Pará state now is put at timezone UTC+3, instead of just
-# part of it, as was before.
-#
-# This change follows a proposal of senator Tiao Viana of Acre state, that
-# proposed it due to concerns about open television channels displaying
-# programs inappropriate to youths in the states that had the timezone
-# UTC+5 too early in the night. In the occasion, some more corrections
-# were proposed, trying to unify the timezones of any given state. This
-# change modifies timezone rules defined in decree 2.784 of 18 June,
-# 1913.
-
-# From Rodrigo Severo (2008-06-24):
-# Just correcting the URL:
-# https://www.in.gov.br/imprensa/visualiza/index.jsp?jornal=do&secao=1&pagina=1&data=25/04/2008
-#
-# As a result of the above Decree I believe the America/Rio_Branco
-# timezone shall be modified from UTC-5 to UTC-4 and a new timezone shall
-# be created to represent the...west side of the Pará State. I
-# suggest this new timezone be called Santarem as the most
-# important/populated city in the affected area.
-#
-# This new timezone would be the same as the Rio_Branco timezone up to
-# the 2008/06/24 change which would be to UTC-3 instead of UTC-4.
-
-# From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-24):
-# This is a quick reference page for New and Old Brazil Time Zones map.
-# http://www.worldtimezone.com/brazil-time-new-old.php
-#
-# - 4 time zones replaced by 3 time zones - eliminating time zone UTC-05
-# (state Acre and the part of the Amazonas will be UTC/GMT-04) - western
-# part of Par state is moving to one timezone UTC-03 (from UTC-04).
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2002-10-10):
-# The official decrees referenced below are mostly taken from
-# Decretos sobre o Horário de Verão no Brasil.
-# http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-29):
-# As announced by the government and many newspapers in Brazil late
-# yesterday, Brazil will start DST on 2008-10-19 (need to change rule) and
-# it will end on 2009-02-15 (current rule for Brazil is fine). Based on
-# past years experience with the elections, there was a good chance that
-# the start was postponed to November, but it did not happen this year.
-#
-# It has not yet been posted to http://pcdsh01.on.br/DecHV.html
-#
-# An official page about it:
-# http://www.mme.gov.br/site/news/detail.do?newsId=16722
-# Note that this link does not always work directly, but must be accessed
-# by going to
-# http://www.mme.gov.br/first
-#
-# One example link that works directly:
-# http://jornale.com.br/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=13530&Itemid=54
-# (Portuguese)
-#
-# We have a written a short article about it as well:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-dst-2008-2009.html
-#
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-04):
-# State Bahia will return to Daylight savings time this year after 8 years off.
-# The announcement was made by Governor Jaques Wagner in an interview to a
-# television station in Salvador.
-
-# In Portuguese:
-# http://g1.globo.com/bahia/noticia/2011/10/governador-jaques-wagner-confirma-horario-de-verao-na-bahia.html
-# https://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI5390887-EI8139,00-Bahia+volta+a+ter+horario+de+verao+apos+oito+anos.html
-
-# From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-07):
-# There is news in the media, however there is still no decree about it.
-# I just send a e-mail to Zulmira Brandao at http://pcdsh01.on.br/ the
-# official agency about time in Brazil, and she confirmed that the old rule is
-# still in force.
-
-# From Guilherme Bernardes Rodrigues (2011-10-14)
-# It's official, the President signed a decree that includes Bahia in summer
-# time.
-#	 [ and in a second message (same day): ]
-# I found the decree.
-#
-# DECRETO No. 7.584, DE 13 DE OUTUBRO DE 2011
-# Link :
-# http://www.in.gov.br/visualiza/index.jsp?data=13/10/2011&jornal=1000&pagina=6&totalArquivos=6
-
-# From Kelley Cook (2012-10-16):
-# The governor of state of Bahia in Brazil announced on Thursday that
-# due to public pressure, he is reversing the DST policy they implemented
-# last year and will not be going to Summer Time on October 21st....
-# http://www.correio24horas.com.br/r/artigo/apos-pressoes-wagner-suspende-horario-de-verao-na-bahia
-
-# From Rodrigo Severo (2012-10-16):
-# Tocantins state will have DST.
-# https://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI6232536-EI306.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-20):
-# Tocantins in Brazil is very likely not to observe DST from October....
-# http://conexaoto.com.br/2013/09/18/ministerio-confirma-que-tocantins-esta-fora-do-horario-de-verao-em-2013-mas-falta-publicacao-de-decreto
-# We will keep this article updated when this is confirmed:
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-starts-dst-2013.html
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-10-17):
-# https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/acre-amazonas-change-time-zone.html
-# Senator Jorge Viana announced that Acre will change time zone on November 10.
-# He did not specify the time of the change, nor if western parts of Amazonas
-# will change as well.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2013-10-17):
-# For now, assume western Amazonas will change as well.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-# Decree 20,466  (1931-10-01)
-# Decree 21,896  (1932-01-10)
-Rule	Brazil	1931	only	-	Oct	 3	11:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Brazil	1932	1933	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Brazil	1932	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	-
-# Decree 23,195  (1933-10-10)
-# revoked DST.
-# Decree 27,496  (1949-11-24)
-# Decree 27,998  (1950-04-13)
-Rule	Brazil	1949	1952	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Brazil	1950	only	-	Apr	16	 1:00	0	-
-Rule	Brazil	1951	1952	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 32,308  (1953-02-24)
-Rule	Brazil	1953	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 34,724  (1953-11-30)
-# revoked DST.
-# Decree 52,700  (1963-10-18)
-# established DST from 1963-10-23 00:00 to 1964-02-29 00:00
-# in SP, RJ, GB, MG, ES, due to the prolongation of the drought.
-# Decree 53,071  (1963-12-03)
-# extended the above decree to all of the national territory on 12-09.
-Rule	Brazil	1963	only	-	Dec	 9	 0:00	1:00	-
-# Decree 53,604  (1964-02-25)
-# extended summer time by one day to 1964-03-01 00:00 (start of school).
-Rule	Brazil	1964	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 55,639  (1965-01-27)
-Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Mar	31	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 57,303  (1965-11-22)
-Rule	Brazil	1965	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
-# Decree 57,843  (1966-02-18)
-Rule	Brazil	1966	1968	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Brazil	1966	1967	-	Nov	 1	 0:00	1:00	-
-# Decree 63,429  (1968-10-15)
-# revoked DST.
-# Decree 91,698  (1985-09-27)
-Rule	Brazil	1985	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	-
-# Decree 92,310 (1986-01-21)
-# Decree 92,463 (1986-03-13)
-Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Mar	15	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 93,316 (1986-10-01)
-Rule	Brazil	1986	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Feb	14	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 94,922  (1987-09-22)
-Rule	Brazil	1987	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Feb	 7	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 96,676  (1988-09-12)
-# except for the states of AC, AM, PA, RR, RO, and AP (then a territory)
-Rule	Brazil	1988	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Jan	29	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 98,077  (1989-08-21)
-# with the same exceptions
-Rule	Brazil	1989	only	-	Oct	15	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 99,530  (1990-09-17)
-# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, GO, MS, DF.
-# Decree 99,629 (1990-10-19) adds BA, MT.
-Rule	Brazil	1990	only	-	Oct	21	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Feb	17	 0:00	0	-
-# Unnumbered decree  (1991-09-25)
-# adopted by RS, SC, PR, SP, RJ, ES, MG, BA, GO, MT, MS, DF.
-Rule	Brazil	1991	only	-	Oct	20	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Feb	 9	 0:00	0	-
-# Unnumbered decree  (1992-10-16)
-# adopted by same states.
-Rule	Brazil	1992	only	-	Oct	25	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Brazil	1993	only	-	Jan	31	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 942  (1993-09-28)
-# adopted by same states, plus AM.
-# Decree 1,252  (1994-09-22;
-# web page corrected 2004-01-07) adopted by same states, minus AM.
-# Decree 1,636  (1995-09-14)
-# adopted by same states, plus MT and TO.
-# Decree 1,674  (1995-10-13)
-# adds AL, SE.
-Rule	Brazil	1993	1995	-	Oct	Sun>=11	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Brazil	1994	1995	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Feb	11	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 2,000  (1996-09-04)
-# adopted by same states, minus AL, SE.
-Rule	Brazil	1996	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Feb	16	 0:00	0	-
-# From Daniel C. Sobral (1998-02-12):
-# In 1997, the DS began on October 6. The stated reason was that
-# because international television networks ignored Brazil's policy on DS,
-# they bought the wrong times on satellite for coverage of Pope's visit.
-# This year, the ending date of DS was postponed to March 1
-# to help dealing with the shortages of electric power.
-#
-# Decree 2,317 (1997-09-04), adopted by same states.
-Rule	Brazil	1997	only	-	Oct	 6	 0:00	1:00	-
-# Decree 2,495 
-# (1998-02-10)
-Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Mar	 1	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 2,780  (1998-09-11)
-# adopted by the same states as before.
-Rule	Brazil	1998	only	-	Oct	11	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Feb	21	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 3,150 
-# (1999-08-23) adopted by same states.
-# Decree 3,188  (1999-09-30)
-# adds SE, AL, PB, PE, RN, CE, PI, MA and RR.
-Rule	Brazil	1999	only	-	Oct	 3	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Brazil	2000	only	-	Feb	27	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 3,592  (2000-09-06)
-# adopted by the same states as before.
-# Decree 3,630  (2000-10-13)
-# repeals DST in PE and RR, effective 2000-10-15 00:00.
-# Decree 3,632  (2000-10-17)
-# repeals DST in SE, AL, PB, RN, CE, PI and MA, effective 2000-10-22 00:00.
-# Decree 3,916 
-# (2001-09-13) reestablishes DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
-Rule	Brazil	2000	2001	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Brazil	2001	2006	-	Feb	Sun>=15	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 4,399 (2002-10-01) repeals DST in AL, CE, MA, PB, PE, PI, RN, SE.
-# 4,399 
-Rule	Brazil	2002	only	-	Nov	 3	 0:00	1:00	-
-# Decree 4,844 (2003-09-24; corrected 2003-09-26) repeals DST in BA, MT, TO.
-# 4,844 
-Rule	Brazil	2003	only	-	Oct	19	 0:00	1:00	-
-# Decree 5,223 (2004-10-01) reestablishes DST in MT.
-# 5,223 
-Rule	Brazil	2004	only	-	Nov	 2	 0:00	1:00	-
-# Decree 5,539  (2005-09-19),
-# adopted by the same states as before.
-Rule	Brazil	2005	only	-	Oct	16	 0:00	1:00	-
-# Decree 5,920  (2006-10-03),
-# adopted by the same states as before.
-Rule	Brazil	2006	only	-	Nov	 5	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Brazil	2007	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	0	-
-# Decree 6,212  (2007-09-26),
-# adopted by the same states as before.
-Rule	Brazil	2007	only	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 0:00	1:00	-
-# From Frederico A. C. Neves (2008-09-10):
-# According to this decree
-# http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2007-2010/2008/Decreto/D6558.htm
-# [t]he DST period in Brazil now on will be from the 3rd Oct Sunday to the
-# 3rd Feb Sunday. There is an exception on the return date when this is
-# the Carnival Sunday then the return date will be the next Sunday...
-Rule	Brazil	2008	2017	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Brazil	2008	2011	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
-# Decree 7,584  (2011-10-13)
-# added Bahia.
-Rule	Brazil	2012	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
-# Decree 7,826  (2012-10-15)
-# removed Bahia and added Tocantins.
-# Decree 8,112  (2013-09-30)
-# removed Tocantins.
-Rule	Brazil	2013	2014	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Brazil	2015	only	-	Feb	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Brazil	2016	2019	-	Feb	Sun>=15	0:00	0	-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-12-18):
-# According to many media sources, next year's DST start in Brazil will move to
-# the first Sunday of November
-# ... https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/brazil-delays-dst-2018.html
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2017-12-20):
-# http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_ato2015-2018/2017/decreto/D9242.htm
-# From Fábio Gomes (2018-10-04):
-# The Brazilian president just announced a new change on this year DST.
-# It was scheduled to start on November 4th and it was changed to November 18th.
-# From Rodrigo Brüning Wessler (2018-10-15):
-# The Brazilian government just announced that the change in DST was
-# canceled....  Maybe the president Michel Temer also woke up one hour
-# earlier today. :)
-Rule	Brazil	2018	only	-	Nov	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
-# The last ruleset listed above says that the following states observed DST:
-# DF, ES, GO, MG, MS, MT, PR, RJ, RS, SC, SP.
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2019-04-05):
-# According to multiple sources the Brazilian president wants to get rid of DST.
-# https://gmconline.com.br/noticias/politica/bolsonaro-horario-de-verao-deve-acabar-este-ano
-# https://g1.globo.com/economia/noticia/2019/04/05/governo-anuncia-fim-do-horario-de-verao.ghtml
-# From Marcus Diniz (2019-04-25):
-# Brazil no longer has DST changes - decree signed today
-# https://g1.globo.com/politica/noticia/2019/04/25/bolsonaro-assina-decreto-que-acaba-com-o-horario-de-verao.ghtml
-# From Daniel Soares de Oliveira (2019-04-26):
-# http://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/_Ato2019-2022/2019/Decreto/D9772.htm
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-#
-# Fernando de Noronha (administratively part of PE)
-Zone America/Noronha	-2:09:40 -	LMT	1914
-			-2:00	Brazil	-02/-01	1990 Sep 17
-			-2:00	-	-02	1999 Sep 30
-			-2:00	Brazil	-02/-01	2000 Oct 15
-			-2:00	-	-02	2001 Sep 13
-			-2:00	Brazil	-02/-01	2002 Oct  1
-			-2:00	-	-02
-# Other Atlantic islands have no permanent settlement.
-# These include Trindade and Martim Vaz (administratively part of ES),
-# Rocas Atoll (RN), and the St Peter and St Paul Archipelago (PE).
-# Fernando de Noronha was a separate territory from 1942-09-02 to 1989-01-01;
-# it also included the Penedos.
-#
-# Amapá (AP), east Pará (PA)
-# East Pará includes Belém, Marabá, Serra Norte, and São Félix do Xingu.
-# The division between east and west Pará is the river Xingu.
-# In the north a very small part from the river Javary (now Jari I guess,
-# the border with Amapá) to the Amazon, then to the Xingu.
-Zone America/Belem	-3:13:56 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1988 Sep 12
-			-3:00	-	-03
-#
-# west Pará (PA)
-# West Pará includes Altamira, Óbidos, Prainha, Oriximiná, and Santarém.
-Zone America/Santarem	-3:38:48 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	-04	2008 Jun 24  0:00
-			-3:00	-	-03
-#
-# Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN),
-# Paraíba (PB)
-Zone America/Fortaleza	-2:34:00 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Sep 30
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2000 Oct 22
-			-3:00	-	-03	2001 Sep 13
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2002 Oct  1
-			-3:00	-	-03
-#
-# Pernambuco (PE) (except Atlantic islands)
-Zone America/Recife	-2:19:36 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Sep 30
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2000 Oct 15
-			-3:00	-	-03	2001 Sep 13
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2002 Oct  1
-			-3:00	-	-03
-#
-# Tocantins (TO)
-Zone America/Araguaina	-3:12:48 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	-03	1995 Sep 14
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2003 Sep 24
-			-3:00	-	-03	2012 Oct 21
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2013 Sep
-			-3:00	-	-03
-#
-# Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE)
-Zone America/Maceio	-2:22:52 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1990 Sep 17
-			-3:00	-	-03	1995 Oct 13
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1996 Sep  4
-			-3:00	-	-03	1999 Sep 30
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2000 Oct 22
-			-3:00	-	-03	2001 Sep 13
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2002 Oct  1
-			-3:00	-	-03
-#
-# Bahia (BA)
-# There are too many Salvadors elsewhere, so use America/Bahia instead
-# of America/Salvador.
-Zone America/Bahia	-2:34:04 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2003 Sep 24
-			-3:00	-	-03	2011 Oct 16
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	2012 Oct 21
-			-3:00	-	-03
-#
-# Goiás (GO), Distrito Federal (DF), Minas Gerais (MG),
-# Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São Paulo (SP), Paraná (PR),
-# Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS)
-Zone America/Sao_Paulo	-3:06:28 -	LMT	1914
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02	1963 Oct 23  0:00
-			-3:00	1:00	-02	1964
-			-3:00	Brazil	-03/-02
-#
-# Mato Grosso do Sul (MS)
-Zone America/Campo_Grande -3:38:28 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03
-#
-# Mato Grosso (MT)
-Zone America/Cuiaba	-3:44:20 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	2003 Sep 24
-			-4:00	-	-04	2004 Oct  1
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03
-#
-# Rondônia (RO)
-Zone America/Porto_Velho -4:15:36 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	-04
-#
-# Roraima (RR)
-Zone America/Boa_Vista	-4:02:40 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	-04	1999 Sep 30
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	2000 Oct 15
-			-4:00	-	-04
-#
-# east Amazonas (AM): Boca do Acre, Jutaí, Manaus, Floriano Peixoto
-# The great circle line from Tabatinga to Porto Acre divides
-# east from west Amazonas.
-Zone America/Manaus	-4:00:04 -	LMT	1914
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1988 Sep 12
-			-4:00	-	-04	1993 Sep 28
-			-4:00	Brazil	-04/-03	1994 Sep 22
-			-4:00	-	-04
-#
-# west Amazonas (AM): Atalaia do Norte, Boca do Maoco, Benjamin Constant,
-#	Eirunepé, Envira, Ipixuna
-Zone America/Eirunepe	-4:39:28 -	LMT	1914
-			-5:00	Brazil	-05/-04	1988 Sep 12
-			-5:00	-	-05	1993 Sep 28
-			-5:00	Brazil	-05/-04	1994 Sep 22
-			-5:00	-	-05	2008 Jun 24  0:00
-			-4:00	-	-04	2013 Nov 10
-			-5:00	-	-05
-#
-# Acre (AC)
-Zone America/Rio_Branco	-4:31:12 -	LMT	1914
-			-5:00	Brazil	-05/-04	1988 Sep 12
-			-5:00	-	-05	2008 Jun 24  0:00
-			-4:00	-	-04	2013 Nov 10
-			-5:00	-	-05
-
-# Chile
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-04-03):
-# Shanks & Pottenger says America/Santiago introduced standard time in
-# 1890 and rounds its UT offset to 70W40; guess that in practice this
-# was the same offset as in 1916-1919.  It also says Pacific/Easter
-# standardized on 109W22 in 1890; assume this didn't change the clocks.
-#
-# Dates for America/Santiago from 1910 to 2004 are primarily from
-# the following source, cited by Oscar van Vlijmen (2006-10-08):
-# [1] Chile Law
-# http://www.webexhibits.org/daylightsaving/chile.html
-# This contains a copy of this official table:
-# Cambios en la hora oficial de Chile desde 1900 (retrieved 2008-03-30)
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20080330200901/http://www.horaoficial.cl/cambio.htm
-# [1] needs several corrections, though.
-#
-# The first set of corrections is from:
-# [2] History of the Official Time of Chile
-# http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html (retrieved 2012-03-06).  See:
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20120306042032/http://www.horaoficial.cl/ing/horaof_ing.html
-# This is an English translation of:
-# Historia de la hora oficial de Chile (retrieved 2012-10-24).  See:
-# https://web.archive.org/web/20121024234627/http://www.horaoficial.cl/horaof.htm
-# A fancier Spanish version (requiring mouse-clicking) is at:
-# http://www.horaoficial.cl/historia_hora.html
-# Conflicts between [1] and [2] were resolved as follows:
-#
-#  - [1] says the 1910 transition was Jan 1, [2] says Jan 10 and cites
-#    Boletín No. 1, Aviso No. 1 (1910).  Go with [2].
-#
-#  - [1] says SMT was -4:42:45, [2] says Chile's official time from
-#    1916 to 1919 was -4:42:46.3, the meridian of Chile's National
-#    Astronomical Observatory (OAN), then located in what is now
-#    Quinta Normal in Santiago.  Go with [2], rounding it to -4:42:46.
-#
-#  - [1] says the 1918 transition was Sep 1, [2] says Sep 10 and cites
-#    Boletín No. 22, Aviso No. 129/1918 (1918-08-23).  Go with [2].
-#
-#  - [1] does not give times for transitions; assume they occur
-#    at midnight mainland time, the current common practice.  However,
-#    go with [2]'s specification of 23:00 for the 1947-05-21 transition.
-#
-# Another correction to [1] is from Jesper Nørgaard Welen, who
-# wrote (2006-10-08), "I think that there are some obvious mistakes in
-# the suggested link from Oscar van Vlijmen,... for instance entry 66
-# says that GMT-4 ended 1990-09-12 while entry 67 only begins GMT-3 at
-# 1990-09-15 (they should have been 1990-09-15 and 1990-09-16
-# respectively), but anyhow it clears up some doubts too."
-#
-# Data for Pacific/Easter from 1910 through 1967 come from Shanks &
-# Pottenger.  After that, for lack of better info assume
-# Pacific/Easter is always two hours behind America/Santiago;
-# this is known to work for DST transitions starting in 2008 and
-# may well be true for earlier transitions.
-
-# From Eduardo Krell (1995-10-19):
-# The law says to switch to DST at midnight [24:00] on the second SATURDAY
-# of October....  The law is the same for March and October.
-# (1998-09-29):
-# Because of the drought this year, the government decided to go into
-# DST earlier (saturday 9/26 at 24:00). This is a one-time change only ...
-# (unless there's another dry season next year, I guess).
-
-# From Julio I. Pacheco Troncoso (1999-03-18):
-# Because of the same drought, the government decided to end DST later,
-# on April 3, (one-time change).
-
-# From Germán Poo-Caamaño (2008-03-03):
-# Due to drought, Chile extends Daylight Time in three weeks.  This
-# is one-time change (Saturday 3/29 at 24:00 for America/Santiago
-# and Saturday 3/29 at 22:00 for Pacific/Easter)
-# The Supreme Decree is located at
-# http://www.shoa.cl/servicios/supremo316.pdf
-#
-# From José Miguel Garrido (2008-03-05):
-# http://www.shoa.cl/noticias/2008/04hora/hora.htm
-
-# From Angel Chiang (2010-03-04):
-# Subject: DST in Chile exceptionally extended to 3 April due to earthquake
-# http://www.gobiernodechile.cl/viewNoticia.aspx?idArticulo=30098
-#
-# From Arthur David Olson (2010-03-06):
-# Angel Chiang's message confirmed by Julio Pacheco; Julio provided a patch.
-
-# From Glenn Eychaner (2011-03-28):
-# http://diario.elmercurio.com/2011/03/28/_portada/_portada/noticias/7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E.htm?id=3D{7565897A-CA86-49E6-9E03-660B21A4883E}
-# In English:
-# Chile's clocks will go back an hour this year on the 7th of May instead
-# of this Saturday. They will go forward again the 3rd Saturday in
-# August, not in October as they have since 1968.
-
-# From Mauricio Parada (2012-02-22), translated by Glenn Eychaner (2012-02-23):
-# As stated in the website of the Chilean Energy Ministry
-# http://www.minenergia.cl/ministerio/noticias/generales/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de.html
-# The Chilean Government has decided to postpone the entrance into winter time
-# (to leave DST) from March 11 2012 to April 28th 2012....
-# Quote from the website communication:
-#
-# 6. For the year 2012, the dates of entry into winter time will be as follows:
-# a. Saturday April 28, 2012, clocks should go back 60 minutes; that is, at
-# 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be 23:00
-# of the same day.
-# b. Saturday, September 1, 2012, clocks should go forward 60 minutes; that is,
-# at 23:59:59, instead of passing to 0:00, the time should be adjusted to be
-# 01:00 on September 2.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-02-15):
-# According to several news sources, Chile has extended DST this year,
-# they will end DST later and start DST earlier than planned.  They
-# hope to save energy.  The new end date is 2013-04-28 00:00 and new
-# start date is 2013-09-08 00:00....
-# http://www.gob.cl/informa/2013/02/15/gobierno-anuncia-fechas-de-cambio-de-hora-para-el-ano-2013.htm
-
-# From José Miguel Garrido (2014-02-19):
-# Today appeared in the Diario Oficial a decree amending the time change
-# dates to 2014.
-# DST End: last Saturday of April 2014 (Sun 27 Apr 2014 03:00 UTC)
-# DST Start: first Saturday of September 2014 (Sun 07 Sep 2014 04:00 UTC)
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl//media/2014/02/19/do-20140219.pdf
-
-# From Eduardo Romero Urra (2015-03-03):
-# Today has been published officially that Chile will use the DST time
-# permanently until March 25 of 2017
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/media/2015/03/03/1-large.jpg
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-03-03):
-# For now, assume that the extension will persist indefinitely.
-
-# From Juan Correa (2016-03-18):
-# The decree regarding DST has been published in today's Official Gazette:
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/versiones-anteriores/do/20160318/
-# http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=1088502
-# It does consider the second Saturday of May and August as the dates
-# for the transition; and it lists DST dates until 2019, but I think
-# this scheme will stick.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-03-18):
-# For now, assume the pattern holds for the indefinite future.
-# The decree says transitions occur at 24:00; in practice this appears
-# to mean 24:00 mainland time, not 24:00 local time, so that Easter
-# Island is always two hours behind the mainland.
-
-# From Juan Correa (2016-12-04):
-# Magallanes region ... will keep DST (UTC -3) all year round....
-# http://www.soychile.cl/Santiago/Sociedad/2016/12/04/433428/Bachelet-firmo-el-decreto-para-establecer-un-horario-unico-para-la-Region-de-Magallanes.aspx
-# From Deborah Goldsmith (2017-01-19):
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2017/01/17/41660/01/1169626.pdf
-
-# From Juan Correa (2018-08-13):
-# As of moments ago, the Ministry of Energy in Chile has announced the new
-# schema for DST. ...  Announcement in video (in Spanish):
-# https://twitter.com/MinEnergia/status/1029000399129374720
-# From Yonathan Dossow (2018-08-13):
-# The video says "first Saturday of September", we all know it means Sunday at
-# midnight.
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-08-13):
-# Translating the captions on the video at 0:44-0:55, "We want to announce as
-# Government that from 2019, Winter Time will be increased to 5 months, between
-# the first Saturday of April and the first Saturday of September."
-# At 2:08-2:20, "The Magallanes region will maintain its current time, as
-# decided by the citizens during 2017, but our Government will promote a
-# regional dialogue table to gather their opinion on this matter."
-# https://twitter.com/MinEnergia/status/1029009354001973248
-# "We will keep the new time policy unchanged for at least the next 4 years."
-# So we extend the new rules on Saturdays at 24:00 mainland time indefinitely.
-# From Juan Correa (2019-02-04):
-# http://www.diariooficial.interior.gob.cl/publicaciones/2018/11/23/42212/01/1498738.pdf
-# From Paul Eggert (2019-09-01):
-# The above says the Magallanes exception expires 2022-04-02 at 24:00,
-# so in theory, they will revert to -04/-03 after that.
-# For now, assume that they will not revert,
-# since they have extended the expiration date once already.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Chile	1927	1931	-	Sep	 1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Chile	1928	1932	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1968	only	-	Nov	 3	4:00u	1:00	-
-Rule	Chile	1969	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1969	only	-	Nov	23	4:00u	1:00	-
-Rule	Chile	1970	only	-	Mar	29	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1971	only	-	Mar	14	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1970	1972	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	-
-Rule	Chile	1972	1986	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1973	only	-	Sep	30	4:00u	1:00	-
-Rule	Chile	1974	1987	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	-
-Rule	Chile	1987	only	-	Apr	12	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1988	1990	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1988	1989	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	-
-Rule	Chile	1990	only	-	Sep	16	4:00u	1:00	-
-Rule	Chile	1991	1996	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1991	1997	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	-
-Rule	Chile	1997	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1998	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1998	only	-	Sep	27	4:00u	1:00	-
-Rule	Chile	1999	only	-	Apr	 4	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	1999	2010	-	Oct	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	-
-Rule	Chile	2000	2007	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
-# N.B.: the end of March 29 in Chile is March 30 in Universal time,
-# which is used below in specifying the transition.
-Rule	Chile	2008	only	-	Mar	30	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	2009	only	-	Mar	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	2010	only	-	Apr	Sun>=1	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	2011	only	-	May	Sun>=2	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	2011	only	-	Aug	Sun>=16	4:00u	1:00	-
-Rule	Chile	2012	2014	-	Apr	Sun>=23	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	2012	2014	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	-
-Rule	Chile	2016	2018	-	May	Sun>=9	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	2016	2018	-	Aug	Sun>=9	4:00u	1:00	-
-Rule	Chile	2019	max	-	Apr	Sun>=2	3:00u	0	-
-Rule	Chile	2019	max	-	Sep	Sun>=2	4:00u	1:00	-
-# IATA SSIM anomalies: (1992-02) says 1992-03-14;
-# (1996-09) says 1998-03-08.  Ignore these.
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Santiago	-4:42:46 -	LMT	1890
-			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1910 Jan 10 # Santiago Mean Time
-			-5:00	-	-05	1916 Jul  1
-			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1918 Sep 10
-			-4:00	-	-04	1919 Jul  1
-			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1927 Sep  1
-			-5:00	Chile	-05/-04	1932 Sep  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1942 Jun  1
-			-5:00	-	-05	1942 Aug  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1946 Jul 15
-			-4:00	1:00	-03	1946 Sep  1 # central Chile
-			-4:00	-	-04	1947 Apr  1
-			-5:00	-	-05	1947 May 21 23:00
-			-4:00	Chile	-04/-03
-Zone America/Punta_Arenas -4:43:40 -	LMT	1890
-			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1910 Jan 10
-			-5:00	-	-05	1916 Jul  1
-			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1918 Sep 10
-			-4:00	-	-04	1919 Jul  1
-			-4:42:46 -	SMT	1927 Sep  1
-			-5:00	Chile	-05/-04	1932 Sep  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1942 Jun  1
-			-5:00	-	-05	1942 Aug  1
-			-4:00	-	-04	1947 Apr  1
-			-5:00	-	-05	1947 May 21 23:00
-			-4:00	Chile	-04/-03	2016 Dec  4
-			-3:00	-	-03
-Zone Pacific/Easter	-7:17:28 -	LMT	1890
-			-7:17:28 -	EMT	1932 Sep    # Easter Mean Time
-			-7:00	Chile	-07/-06	1982 Mar 14 3:00u # Easter Time
-			-6:00	Chile	-06/-05
-#
-# Salas y Gómez Island is uninhabited.
-# Other Chilean locations, including Juan Fernández Is, Desventuradas Is,
-# and Antarctic bases, are like America/Santiago.
-
-# Antarctic base using South American rules
-# (See the file 'antarctica' for more.)
-#
-# Palmer, Anvers Island, since 1965 (moved 2 miles in 1968)
-#
-# From Ethan Dicks (1996-10-06):
-# It keeps the same time as Punta Arenas, Chile, because, just like us
-# and the South Pole, that's the other end of their supply line....
-# I verified with someone who was there that since 1980,
-# Palmer has followed Chile.  Prior to that, before the Falklands War,
-# Palmer used to be supplied from Argentina.
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Antarctica/Palmer	0	-	-00	1965
-			-4:00	Arg	-04/-03	1969 Oct  5
-			-3:00	Arg	-03/-02	1982 May
-			-4:00	Chile	-04/-03	2016 Dec  4
-			-3:00	-	-03
-
-# Colombia
-
-# Milne gives 4:56:16.4 for Bogotá time in 1899; round to nearest.  He writes,
-# "A variation of fifteen minutes in the public clocks of Bogota is not rare."
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	CO	1992	only	-	May	 3	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	CO	1993	only	-	Apr	 4	0:00	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Bogota	-4:56:16 -	LMT	1884 Mar 13
-			-4:56:16 -	BMT	1914 Nov 23 # Bogotá Mean Time
-			-5:00	CO	-05/-04
-# Malpelo, Providencia, San Andres
-# no information; probably like America/Bogota
-
-# Curaçao
-
-# Milne gives 4:35:46.9 for Curaçao mean time; round to nearest.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that The Bottom and Philipsburg have been at
-# -4:00 since standard time was introduced on 1912-03-02; and that
-# Kralendijk and Rincon used Kralendijk Mean Time (-4:33:08) from
-# 1912-02-02 to 1965-01-01.  The former is dubious, since S&P also say
-# Saba Island has been like Curaçao.
-# This all predates our 1970 cutoff, though.
-#
-# By July 2007 Curaçao and St Maarten are planned to become
-# associated states within the Netherlands, much like Aruba;
-# Bonaire, Saba and St Eustatius would become directly part of the
-# Netherlands as Kingdom Islands.  This won't affect their time zones
-# though, as far as we know.
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Curacao	-4:35:47 -	LMT	1912 Feb 12 # Willemstad
-			-4:30	-	-0430	1965
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
-# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
-# use links for places with new iso3166 codes.
-# The name "Lower Prince's Quarter" is both longer than fourteen characters
-# and contains an apostrophe; use "Lower_Princes" below.
-
-Link	America/Curacao	America/Lower_Princes	# Sint Maarten
-Link	America/Curacao	America/Kralendijk	# Caribbean Netherlands
-
-# Ecuador
-#
-# Milne says the Central and South American Telegraph Company used -5:24:15.
-#
-# From Alois Treindl (2016-12-15):
-# https://www.elcomercio.com/actualidad/hora-sixto-1993.html
-# ... Whether the law applied also to Galápagos, I do not know.
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-12-15):
-# https://www.elcomercio.com/afull/modificacion-husohorario-ecuador-presidentes-decreto.html
-# This says President Sixto Durán Ballén signed decree No. 285, which
-# established DST from 1992-11-28 to 1993-02-05; it does not give transition
-# times.  The people called it "hora de Sixto" ("Sixto hour").  The change did
-# not go over well; a popular song "Qué hora es" by Jaime Guevara had lyrics
-# that included "Amanecía en mitad de la noche, los guaguas iban a clase sin
-# sol" ("It was dawning in the middle of the night, the buses went to class
-# without sun").  Although Ballén's campaign slogan was "Ni un paso atrás"
-# (Not one step back), the clocks went back in 1993 and the experiment was not
-# repeated.  For now, assume transitions were at 00:00 local time country-wide.
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Ecuador	1992	only	-	Nov	28	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Ecuador	1993	only	-	Feb	 5	0:00	0	-
-#
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Guayaquil	-5:19:20 -	LMT	1890
-			-5:14:00 -	QMT	1931 # Quito Mean Time
-			-5:00	Ecuador	-05/-04
-Zone Pacific/Galapagos	-5:58:24 -	LMT	1931 # Puerto Baquerizo Moreno
-			-5:00	-	-05	1986
-			-6:00	Ecuador	-06/-05
-
-# Falklands
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Between 1990 and 2000 inclusive, Shanks & Pottenger and the IATA agree except
-# the IATA gives 1996-09-08.  Go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-
-# From Falkland Islands Government Office, London (2001-01-22)
-# via Jesper Nørgaard:
-# ... the clocks revert back to Local Mean Time at 2 am on Sunday 15
-# April 2001 and advance one hour to summer time at 2 am on Sunday 2
-# September.  It is anticipated that the clocks will revert back at 2
-# am on Sunday 21 April 2002 and advance to summer time at 2 am on
-# Sunday 1 September.
-
-# From Rives McDow (2001-02-13):
-#
-# I have communicated several times with people there, and the last
-# time I had communications that was helpful was in 1998.  Here is
-# what was said then:
-#
-# "The general rule was that Stanley used daylight saving and the Camp
-# did not. However for various reasons many people in the Camp have
-# started to use daylight saving (known locally as 'Stanley Time')
-# There is no rule as to who uses daylight saving - it is a matter of
-# personal choice and so it is impossible to draw a map showing who
-# uses it and who does not. Any list would be out of date as soon as
-# it was produced. This year daylight saving ended on April 18/19th
-# and started again on September 12/13th.  I do not know what the rule
-# is, but can find out if you like.  We do not change at the same time
-# as UK or Chile."
-#
-# I did have in my notes that the rule was "Second Saturday in Sep at
-# 0:00 until third Saturday in Apr at 0:00".  I think that this does
-# not agree in some cases with Shanks; is this true?
-#
-# Also, there is no mention in the list that some areas in the
-# Falklands do not use DST.  I have found in my communications there
-# that these areas are on the western half of East Falkland and all of
-# West Falkland.  Stanley is the only place that consistently observes
-# DST.  Again, as in other places in the world, the farmers don't like
-# it.  West Falkland is almost entirely sheep farmers.
-#
-# I know one lady there that keeps a list of which farm keeps DST and
-# which doesn't each year.  She runs a shop in Stanley, and says that
-# the list changes each year.  She uses it to communicate to her
-# customers, catching them when they are home for lunch or dinner.
-
-# From Paul Eggert (2001-03-05):
-# For now, we'll just record the time in Stanley, since we have no
-# better info.
-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2011-04-01):
-# The Falkland Islands will not turn back clocks this winter, but stay on
-# daylight saving time.
-#
-# One source:
-# http://www.falklandnews.com/public/story.cfm?get=5914&source=3
-#
-# We have gotten this confirmed by a clerk of the legislative assembly:
-# Normally the clocks revert to Local Mean Time (UTC/GMT -4 hours) on the
-# third Sunday of April at 0200hrs and advance to Summer Time (UTC/GMT -3
-# hours) on the first Sunday of September at 0200hrs.
-#
-# IMPORTANT NOTE: During 2011, on a trial basis, the Falkland Islands
-# will not revert to local mean time, but clocks will remain on Summer
-# time (UTC/GMT - 3 hours) throughout the whole of 2011.  Any long term
-# change to local time following the trial period will be notified.
-#
-# From Andrew Newman (2012-02-24)
-# A letter from Justin McPhee, Chief Executive,
-# Cable & Wireless Falkland Islands (dated 2012-02-22)
-# states...
-#   The current Atlantic/Stanley entry under South America expects the
-#   clocks to go back to standard Falklands Time (FKT) on the 15th April.
-#   The database entry states that in 2011 Stanley was staying on fixed
-#   summer time on a trial basis only.  FIG need to contact IANA and/or
-#   the maintainers of the database to inform them we're adopting
-#   the same policy this year and suggest recommendations for future years.
-#
-# For now we will assume permanent -03 for the Falklands
-# until advised differently (to apply for 2012 and beyond, after the 2011
-# experiment was apparently successful.)
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Falk	1937	1938	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Falk	1938	1942	-	Mar	Sun>=19	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Falk	1939	only	-	Oct	1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Falk	1940	1942	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Falk	1943	only	-	Jan	1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Falk	1983	only	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Falk	1984	1985	-	Apr	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Falk	1984	only	-	Sep	16	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Falk	1985	2000	-	Sep	Sun>=9	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Falk	1986	2000	-	Apr	Sun>=16	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Apr	Sun>=15	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Falk	2001	2010	-	Sep	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/Stanley	-3:51:24 -	LMT	1890
-			-3:51:24 -	SMT	1912 Mar 12 # Stanley Mean Time
-			-4:00	Falk	-04/-03	1983 May
-			-3:00	Falk	-03/-02	1985 Sep 15
-			-4:00	Falk	-04/-03	2010 Sep  5  2:00
-			-3:00	-	-03
-
-# French Guiana
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Cayenne	-3:29:20 -	LMT	1911 Jul
-			-4:00	-	-04	1967 Oct
-			-3:00	-	-03
-
-# Guyana
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Guyana	-3:52:40 -	LMT	1915 Mar    # Georgetown
-			-3:45	-	-0345	1975 Jul 31
-			-3:00	-	-03	1991
-# IATA SSIM (1996-06) says -4:00.  Assume a 1991 switch.
-			-4:00	-	-04
-
-# Paraguay
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger say that spring transitions are 01:00 -> 02:00,
-# and autumn transitions are 00:00 -> 23:00.  Go with pre-1999
-# editions of Shanks, and with the IATA, who say transitions occur at 00:00.
-#
-# From Waldemar Villamayor-Venialbo (2013-09-20):
-# No time of the day is established for the adjustment, so people normally
-# adjust their clocks at 0 hour of the given dates.
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Para	1975	1988	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Para	1975	1978	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Para	1979	1991	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Para	1989	only	-	Oct	22	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Para	1990	only	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Para	1991	only	-	Oct	 6	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Para	1992	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Para	1992	only	-	Oct	 5	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Para	1993	only	-	Mar	31	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Para	1993	1995	-	Oct	 1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Para	1994	1995	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Para	1996	only	-	Mar	 1	0:00	0	-
-# IATA SSIM (2000-02) says 1999-10-10; ignore this for now.
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-02):
-# I have three independent reports that Paraguay changed to DST this Sunday
-# (10-01).
-#
-# Translated by Gwillim Law (2001-02-27) from
-# Noticias, a daily paper in Asunción, Paraguay (2000-10-01):
-# http://www.diarionoticias.com.py/011000/nacional/naciona1.htm
-# Starting at 0:00 today, the clock will be set forward 60 minutes, in
-# fulfillment of Decree No. 7,273 of the Executive Power....  The time change
-# system has been operating for several years.  Formerly there was a separate
-# decree each year; the new law has the same effect, but permanently.  Every
-# year, the time will change on the first Sunday of October; likewise, the
-# clock will be set back on the first Sunday of March.
-#
-Rule	Para	1996	2001	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
-# IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Mar 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Para	1997	only	-	Feb	lastSun	0:00	0	-
-# Shanks & Pottenger say 1999-02-28; IATA SSIM (1999-02) says 1999-02-27, but
-# (1999-09) reports no date; go with above sources and Gerd Knops (2001-02-27).
-Rule	Para	1998	2001	-	Mar	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
-# From Rives McDow (2002-02-28):
-# A decree was issued in Paraguay (No. 16350) on 2002-02-26 that changed the
-# dst method to be from the first Sunday in September to the first Sunday in
-# April.
-Rule	Para	2002	2004	-	Apr	Sun>=1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Para	2002	2003	-	Sep	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
-#
-# From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-01-02):
-# There are several sources that claim that Paraguay made
-# a timezone rule change in autumn 2004.
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-01-05):
-# Decree 1,867 (2004-03-05)
-# From Carlos Raúl Perasso via Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-10-13)
-# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/decretos/D1867.pdf
-Rule	Para	2004	2009	-	Oct	Sun>=15	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Para	2005	2009	-	Mar	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
-# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2010-02-18):
-# By decree number 3958 issued yesterday
-# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/v1/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/decreto3958.pdf
-# Paraguay changes its DST schedule, postponing the March rule to April and
-# modifying the October date. The decree reads:
-# ...
-# Art. 1. It is hereby established that from the second Sunday of the month of
-# April of this year (2010), the official time is to be set back 60 minutes,
-# and that on the first Sunday of the month of October, it is to be set
-# forward 60 minutes, in all the territory of the Paraguayan Republic.
-# ...
-Rule	Para	2010	max	-	Oct	Sun>=1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Para	2010	2012	-	Apr	Sun>=8	0:00	0	-
-#
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-07):
-# Paraguay will end DST on 2013-03-24 00:00....
-# http://www.ande.gov.py/interna.php?id=1075
-#
-# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2013-03-15):
-# The change in Paraguay is now final.  Decree number 10780
-# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/uploads/pdf/presidencia-3b86ff4b691c79d4f5927ca964922ec74772ce857c02ca054a52a37b49afc7fb.pdf
-# From Carlos Raúl Perasso (2014-02-28):
-# Decree 1264 can be found at:
-# http://www.presidencia.gov.py/archivos/documentos/DECRETO1264_ey9r8zai.pdf
-Rule	Para	2013	max	-	Mar	Sun>=22	0:00	0	-
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Asuncion	-3:50:40 -	LMT	1890
-			-3:50:40 -	AMT	1931 Oct 10 # Asunción Mean Time
-			-4:00	-	-04	1972 Oct
-			-3:00	-	-03	1974 Apr
-			-4:00	Para	-04/-03
-
-# Peru
-#
-# From Evelyn C. Leeper via Mark Brader (2003-10-26)
-# :
-# When we were in Peru in 1985-1986, they apparently switched over
-# sometime between December 29 and January 3 while we were on the Amazon.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
-# Shanks & Pottenger don't have this transition.  Assume 1986 was like 1987.
-
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Peru	1938	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Peru	1938	1939	-	Sep	lastSun	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Peru	1939	1940	-	Mar	Sun>=24	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Peru	1986	1987	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Peru	1986	1987	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
-Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Peru	1990	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
-# IATA is ambiguous for 1993/1995; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
-Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Jan	 1	0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Peru	1994	only	-	Apr	 1	0:00	0	-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Lima	-5:08:12 -	LMT	1890
-			-5:08:36 -	LMT	1908 Jul 28 # Lima Mean Time?
-			-5:00	Peru	-05/-04
-
-# South Georgia
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone Atlantic/South_Georgia -2:26:08 -	LMT	1890 # Grytviken
-			-2:00	-	-02
-
-# South Sandwich Is
-# uninhabited; scientific personnel have wintered
-
-# Suriname
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Paramaribo	-3:40:40 -	LMT	1911
-			-3:40:52 -	PMT	1935     # Paramaribo Mean Time
-			-3:40:36 -	PMT	1945 Oct    # The capital moved?
-			-3:30	-	-0330	1984 Oct
-			-3:00	-	-03
-
-# Trinidad and Tobago
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone America/Port_of_Spain -4:06:04 -	LMT	1912 Mar 2
-			-4:00	-	AST
-
-# These all agree with Trinidad and Tobago since 1970.
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Anguilla
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Antigua
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Dominica
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Grenada
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Guadeloupe
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Marigot	# St Martin (French part)
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Montserrat
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Barthelemy # St Barthélemy
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Kitts	# St Kitts & Nevis
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Lucia
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Thomas	# Virgin Islands (US)
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/St_Vincent
-Link America/Port_of_Spain America/Tortola	# Virgin Islands (UK)
-
-# Uruguay
-# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
-# Uruguay wins the prize for the strangest peacetime manipulation of the rules.
-#
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-20), per Jeremie Bonjour (2018-01-31) and Michael
-# Deckers (2018-02-20):
-# ... At least they kept good records...
-#
-# http://www.armada.mil.uy/ContenidosPDFs/sohma/web/almanaque/almanaque_2018.pdf#page=36
-# Page 36 of Almanaque 2018, published by the Oceanography, Hydrography, and
-# Meteorology Service of the Uruguayan Navy, seems to give many transitions
-# with greater clarity than we've had before.  It directly references many laws
-# and decrees which are, in turn, referenced below.  They can be viewed in the
-# public archives of the Diario Oficial (in Spanish) at
-# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/
-#
-# Ley No. 3920 of 1908-06-10 placed the determination of legal time under the
-# auspices of the National Institute for the Prediction of Time.  It is unclear
-# exactly what offset was used during this period, though Ley No. 7200 of
-# 1920-04-23 used the Observatory of the National Meteorological Institute in
-# Montevideo (34° 54' 33" S, 56° 12' 45" W) as its reference meridian,
-# retarding legal time by 15 minutes 9 seconds from 1920-04-30 24:00,
-# resulting in UT-04.  Assume the corresponding LMT of UT-03:44:51 (given on
-# page 725 of the Proceedings of the Second Pan-American Scientific Congress,
-# 1915-1916) was in use, and merely became official from 1908-06-10.
-# https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1908/06/18/12
-# https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1920/04/27/9
-#
-# Ley No. 7594 of 1923-06-28 specified legal time as Observatory time advanced
-# by 44 minutes 51 seconds (UT-03) "from 30 September to 31 March", and by 14
-# minutes 51 seconds (UT-03:30) "the rest of the year"; a message from the
-# National Council of Administration the same day, published directly below the
-# law in the Diario Oficial, specified the first transition to be 1923-09-30
-# 24:00.  This effectively established standard time at UT-03:30 with 30
-# minutes DST.  Assume transitions at 24:00 on the specified days until Ley No.
-# 7919 of 1926-03-05 ended this arrangement, repealing all "laws and other
-# provisions which oppose" it, resulting in year-round UT-03:30; a Resolución
-# of 1926-03-11 puts the final transition at 1926-03-31 24:00, the same as it
-# would have been under the previous law.
-# https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1923/07/02/2
-# https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1926/03/10/2
-# https://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1926/03/18/2
-#
-# Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	-	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
-Rule	Uruguay	1923	1925	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0:30	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1924	1926	-	Apr	 1	 0:00	0	-
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
-# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1933/10/27/6
-#
-# It appears Ley No. 9122 of 1933 was never published as such in the Diario
-# Oficial, but instead appeared as Document 26 in the Diario on Friday
-# 1933-10-27 as a decree made Monday 1933-10-23 and filed under the Ministry of
-# National Defense.  It reinstituted a DST of 30 minutes (to UT-03) "from the
-# last Sunday of October...until the last Saturday of March."  In accordance
-# with this provision, the first transition was explicitly specified in Article
-# 2 of the decree as Saturday 1933-10-28 at 24:00; that is, Sunday 1933-10-29
-# at 00:00.  Assume transitions at 00:00 Sunday throughout.
-#
-# Departing from the matter-of-fact nature of previous timekeeping laws, the
-# 1933 decree "consider[s] the advantages of...the advance of legal time":
-#
-#   "Whereas: The measure adopted by almost all nations at the time of the last
-#    World War still persists in North America and Europe, precisely because of
-#    the economic, hygienic, and social advantages derived from such an
-#    emergency measure...
-#
-#    Whereas: The advance of the legal time during the summer seasons, by
-#    displacing social activity near sunrise, favors the citizen populations
-#    and especially the society that creates and works..."
-#
-# It further specified that "necessary measures" be taken to ensure that
-# "public spectacles finish, in general, before [01:00]."
-Rule	Uruguay	1933	1938	-	Oct	lastSun	 0:00	0:30	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1934	1941	-	Mar	lastSat	24:00	0	-
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
-# Most of the Rules below, and their contemporaneous Zone lines, have been
-# updated simply to match the Almanaque 2018.  Although the document does not
-# list exact transition times, midnight transitions were already present in our
-# data here for all transitions through 2004-09, and this is both consistent
-# with prior transitions and verified in several decrees marked below between
-# 1939-09 and 2004-09, wherein the relevant text was typically of the form:
-#
-#   "From 0 hours on [date], the legal time of the entire Republic will be...
-#
-#    In accordance with [the preceding], on [previous date] at 24 hours, all
-#    clocks throughout the Republic will be [advanced/retarded] by..."
-#
-# It is possible that there is greater specificity to be found for the Rules
-# below, but it is buried in no fewer than 40 different decrees individually
-# referenced by the Almanaque for the period from 1939-09 to 2014-09.
-# Four-fifths of these were promulgated less than two weeks before taking
-# effect; more than half within a week and none more than 5 weeks.  Only the
-# handful with comments below have been checked with any thoroughness.
-Rule	Uruguay	1939	only	-	Oct	 1	 0:00	0:30	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1940	only	-	Oct	27	 0:00	0:30	-
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
-# Decreto 1145 of the Ministry of National Defense, dated 1941-07-26, specified
-# UT-03 from Friday 1941-08-01 00:00, citing an "urgent...need to save fuel".
-# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1941/08/04/1
-Rule	Uruguay	1941	only	-	Aug	 1	 0:00	0:30	-
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
-# Decreto 1866 of the Ministry of National Defense, dated 1942-12-09, specified
-# further advancement (to UT-02:30) from Sunday 1942-12-13 24:00.  Since clocks
-# never went back to UT-03:30 thereafter, this is modeled as advancing standard
-# time by 30 minutes to UT-03, while retaining 30 minutes of DST.
-# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1942/12/16/3
-Rule	Uruguay	1942	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	0:30	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1943	only	-	Mar	14	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	May	24	 0:00	0:30	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1959	only	-	Nov	15	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Jan	17	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1960	only	-	Mar	 6	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1965	only	-	Apr	 4	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1965	only	-	Sep	26	 0:00	0	-
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
-# Decreto 321/968 of 1968-05-25, citing emergency drought measures decreed the
-# day before, brought clocks forward 30 minutes from Monday 1968-05-27 00:00.
-# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1968/05/30/5
-Rule	Uruguay	1968	only	-	May	27	 0:00	0:30	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1968	only	-	Dec	 1	 0:00	0	-
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
-# Decreto 188/970 of 1970-04-23 instituted restrictions on electricity
-# consumption "as a consequence of the current rainfall regime in the country".
-# Articles 13 and 14 advanced clocks by an hour from Saturday 1970-04-25 00:00.
-# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1970/04/29/4
-Rule	Uruguay	1970	only	-	Apr	25	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1970	only	-	Jun	14	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Apr	23	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1972	only	-	Jul	16	 0:00	0	-
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
-# Decreto 29/974 of 1974-01-11, citing "the international rise in the price of
-# oil", advanced clocks by 90 minutes (to UT-01:30).  Decreto 163/974 of
-# 1974-03-04 returned 60 of those minutes (to UT-02:30), and the remaining 30
-# minutes followed in Decreto 679/974 of 1974-08-29.
-# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1974/01/22/11
-# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1974/03/14/3
-# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1974/09/04/6
-Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Jan	13	 0:00	1:30	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Mar	10	 0:00	0:30	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Sep	 1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1974	only	-	Dec	22	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1975	only	-	Mar	30	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1976	only	-	Dec	19	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1977	only	-	Mar	 6	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1977	only	-	Dec	 4	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1978	1979	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1978	only	-	Dec	17	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1979	only	-	Apr	29	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1980	only	-	Mar	16	 0:00	0	-
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
-# Decreto 725/987 of 1987-12-04 cited "better use of national tourist
-# attractions" to advance clocks one hour from Monday 1987-12-14 00:00.
-# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/1988/01/25/1
-Rule	Uruguay	1987	only	-	Dec	14	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Feb	28	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1988	only	-	Dec	11	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Mar	 5	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1989	only	-	Oct	29	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1990	only	-	Feb	25	 0:00	0	-
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15), per Paul Eggert (1999-11-04):
-# IATA agrees as below for 1990-10 through 1993-02.  Per Almanaque 2018, the
-# 1992/1993 season appears to be the first in over half a century where DST
-# both began and ended pursuant to the same decree.
-Rule	Uruguay	1990	1991	-	Oct	Sun>=21	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1991	1992	-	Mar	Sun>=1	 0:00	0	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1992	only	-	Oct	18	 0:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Uruguay	1993	only	-	Feb	28	 0:00	0	-
-# From Eduardo Cota (2004-09-20):
-# The Uruguayan government has decreed a change in the local time....
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
-# Decreto 328/004 of 2004-09-15.
-# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/2004/09/23/documentos.pdf#page=1
-Rule	Uruguay	2004	only	-	Sep	19	 0:00	1:00	-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2005-03-11):
-# Uruguay's DST was scheduled to end on Sunday, 2005-03-13, but in order to
-# save energy ... it was postponed two weeks....
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
-# This 2005 postponement is not in Almanaque 2018.  Go with the contemporaneous
-# reporting, which is confirmed by Decreto 107/005 of 2005-03-10 amending
-# Decreto 328/004:
-# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/2005/03/15/documentos.pdf#page=1
-# The original decree specified a transition of 2005-03-12 24:00, but the new
-# one specified 2005-03-27 02:00.
-Rule	Uruguay	2005	only	-	Mar	27	 2:00	0	-
-# From Eduardo Cota (2005-09-27):
-# ...from 2005-10-09 at 02:00 local time, until 2006-03-12 at 02:00 local time,
-# official time in Uruguay will be at GMT -2.
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
-# Decreto 318/005 of 2005-09-19.
-# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/2005/09/23/documentos.pdf#page=1
-Rule	Uruguay	2005	only	-	Oct	 9	 2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Uruguay	2006	2015	-	Mar	Sun>=8	 2:00	0	-
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15), per Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-09-06):
-# Decreto 311/006 of 2006-09-04 established regular DST from the first Sunday
-# of October at 02:00 through the second Sunday of March at 02:00.  Almanaque
-# 2018 appears to have a few typoed dates through this period; ignore them.
-# http://www.impo.com.uy/diariooficial/2006/09/08/documentos.pdf#page=1
-Rule	Uruguay	2006	2014	-	Oct	Sun>=1	 2:00	1:00	-
-# From Steffen Thorsen (2015-06-30):
-# ... it looks like they will not be using DST the coming summer:
-# http://www.elobservador.com.uy/gobierno-resolvio-que-no-habra-cambio-horario-verano-n656787
-# http://www.republica.com.uy/este-ano-no-se-modificara-el-huso-horario-en-uruguay/523760/
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-06-30):
-# Apparently restaurateurs complained that DST caused people to go to the beach
-# instead of out to dinner.
-# From Pablo Camargo (2015-07-13):
-# http://archivo.presidencia.gub.uy/sci/decretos/2015/06/cons_min_201.pdf
-# From Tim Parenti (2018-02-15):
-# Decreto 178/015 of 2015-06-29; repeals Decreto 311/006.
-
-# This Zone can be simplified once we assume zic %z.
-Zone America/Montevideo	-3:44:51 -	LMT	1908 Jun 10
-			-3:44:51 -	MMT	1920 May  1 # Montevideo MT
-			-4:00	-	-04	1923 Oct  1
-			-3:30	Uruguay	-0330/-03 1942 Dec 14
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0230 1960
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-02	1968
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0230 1970
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-02	1974
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0130 1974 Mar 10
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-0230 1974 Dec 22
-			-3:00	Uruguay	-03/-02
-
-# Venezuela
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-07-28):
-# For the 1965 transition see Gaceta Oficial No. 27.619 (1964-12-15), p 205.533
-# http://www.pgr.gob.ve/dmdocuments/1964/27619.pdf
-#
-# From John Stainforth (2007-11-28):
-# ... the change for Venezuela originally expected for 2007-12-31 has
-# been brought forward to 2007-12-09.  The official announcement was
-# published today in the "Gaceta Oficial de la República Bolivariana
-# de Venezuela, número 38.819" (official document for all laws or
-# resolution publication)
-# http://www.globovision.com/news.php?nid=72208
-
-# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2016-04-15):
-# https://actualidad.rt.com/actualidad/204758-venezuela-modificar-huso-horario-sequia-elnino
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2016-04-15):
-# Clocks advance 30 minutes on 2016-05-01 at 02:30....
-# "'Venezuela's new time-zone: hours without light, hours without water,
-# hours of presidential broadcasts, hours of lines,' quipped comedian
-# Jean Mary Curró ...". See: Cawthorne A, Kai D. Venezuela scraps
-# half-hour time difference set by Chavez. Reuters 2016-04-15 14:50 -0400
-# https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-timezone-idUSKCN0XC2BE
-#
-# From Matt Johnson (2016-04-20):
-# ... published in the official Gazette [2016-04-18], here:
-# http://historico.tsj.gob.ve/gaceta_ext/abril/1842016/E-1842016-4551.pdf
-
-# Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
-Zone	America/Caracas	-4:27:44 -	LMT	1890
-			-4:27:40 -	CMT	1912 Feb 12 # Caracas Mean Time?
-			-4:30	-	-0430	1965 Jan  1  0:00
-			-4:00	-	-04	2007 Dec  9  3:00
-			-4:30	-	-0430	2016 May  1  2:30
-			-4:00	-	-04
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/theory.html b/inst/tzdata/theory.html
deleted file mode 100644
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--- a/inst/tzdata/theory.html
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1457 +0,0 @@
-
-
-
-  Theory and pragmatics of the tz code and data
-  
-  
-
-
-
-
Theory and pragmatics of the tz code and data

-  
Outline

-  
-
-

-  
Scope of the tz database

-

-The tz
-database attempts to record the history and predicted future of
-civil time scales.
-It organizes time zone and daylight saving time
-data by partitioning the world into timezones
-whose clocks all agree about timestamps that occur after the POSIX Epoch
-(1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC).
-The database labels each timezone with a notable location and
-records all known clock transitions for that location.
-Although 1970 is a somewhat-arbitrary cutoff, there are significant
-challenges to moving the cutoff earlier even by a decade or two, due
-to the wide variety of local practices before computer timekeeping
-became prevalent.
-

-
-

-Each timezone typically corresponds to a geographical region that is
-smaller than a traditional time zone, because clocks in a timezone
-all agree after 1970 whereas a traditional time zone merely
-specifies current standard time. For example, applications that deal
-with current and future timestamps in the traditional North
-American mountain time zone can choose from the timezones
-America/Denver which observes US-style daylight saving
-time, America/Mazatlan which observes Mexican-style DST,
-and America/Phoenix which does not observe DST.
-Applications that also deal with past timestamps in the mountain time
-zone can choose from over a dozen timezones, such as
-America/Boise, America/Edmonton, and
-America/Hermosillo, each of which currently uses mountain
-time but differs from other timezones for some timestamps after 1970.
-

-
-

-Clock transitions before 1970 are recorded for each timezone,
-because most systems support timestamps before 1970 and could
-misbehave if data entries were omitted for pre-1970 transitions.
-However, the database is not designed for and does not suffice for
-applications requiring accurate handling of all past times everywhere,
-as it would take far too much effort and guesswork to record all
-details of pre-1970 civil timekeeping.
-Although some information outside the scope of the database is
-collected in a file backzone that is distributed along
-with the database proper, this file is less reliable and does not
-necessarily follow database guidelines.
-

-
-

-As described below, reference source code for using the
-tz database is also available.
-The tz code is upwards compatible with POSIX, an international
-standard for UNIX-like systems.
-As of this writing, the current edition of POSIX is:  The Open
-Group Base Specifications Issue 7, IEEE Std 1003.1-2017, 2018
-Edition.
-Because the database's scope encompasses real-world changes to civil
-timekeeping, its model for describing time is more complex than the
-standard and daylight saving times supported by POSIX.
-A tz timezone corresponds to a ruleset that can
-have more than two changes per year, these changes need not merely
-flip back and forth between two alternatives, and the rules themselves
-can change at times.
-Whether and when a timezone changes its clock,
-and even the timezone's notional base offset from UTC,
-are variable.
-It does not always make sense to talk about a timezone's
-"base offset", which is not necessarily a single number.
-

-
-

-
-

-  
Timezone identifiers

-

-Each timezone has a name that uniquely identifies the timezone.
-Inexperienced users are not expected to select these names unaided.
-Distributors should provide documentation and/or a simple selection
-interface that explains each name via a map or via descriptive text like
-"Czech Republic" instead of the timezone name "Europe/Prague".
-If geolocation information is available, a selection interface can
-locate the user on a timezone map or prioritize names that are
-geographically close. For an example selection interface, see the
-tzselect program in the tz code.
-The Unicode Common Locale Data
-Repository contains data that may be useful for other selection
-interfaces; it maps timezone names like Europe/Prague to
-locale-dependent strings like "Prague", "Praha", "Прага", and "布拉格".
-

-
-

-The naming conventions attempt to strike a balance
-among the following goals:
-

-
-
    
-  
  • 
-    Uniquely identify every timezone where clocks have agreed since 1970.
-    This is essential for the intended use: static clocks keeping local
-    civil time.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Indicate to experts where the timezone's clocks typically are.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Be robust in the presence of political changes.
-    For example, names are typically not tied to countries, to avoid
-    incompatibilities when countries change their name (e.g.,
-    Swaziland→Eswatini) or when locations change countries (e.g., Hong
-    Kong from UK colony to China).
-    There is no requirement that every country or national
-    capital must have a timezone name.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Be portable to a wide variety of implementations.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Use a consistent naming conventions over the entire world.
-  
    • 
-

-
-

-Names normally have the form
-AREA/LOCATION, where
-AREA is a continent or ocean, and
-LOCATION is a specific location within the area.
-North and South America share the same area, 'America'.
-Typical names are 'Africa/Cairo',
-'America/New_York', and 'Pacific/Honolulu'.
-Some names are further qualified to help avoid confusion; for example,
-'America/Indiana/Petersburg' distinguishes Petersburg,
-Indiana from other Petersburgs in America.
-

-
-

-Here are the general guidelines used for
-choosing timezone names,
-in decreasing order of importance:
-

-
-
    
-  
  • 
-    Use only valid POSIX file name components (i.e., the parts of
-    names other than '/').
-    Do not use the file name components '.' and
-    '..'.
-    Within a file name component, use only ASCII letters,
-    '.', '-' and '_'.
-    Do not use digits, as that might create an ambiguity with POSIX
-    TZ strings.
-    A file name component must not exceed 14 characters or start with
-    '-'.
-    E.g., prefer Asia/Brunei to
-    Asia/Bandar_Seri_Begawan.
-    Exceptions: see the discussion of legacy names below.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    A name must not be empty, or contain '//', or
-    start or end with '/'.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Do not use names that differ only in case.
-    Although the reference implementation is case-sensitive, some
-    other implementations are not, and they would mishandle names
-    differing only in case.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    If one name A is an initial prefix of another
-    name AB (ignoring case), then B must not
-    start with '/', as a regular file cannot have the
-    same name as a directory in POSIX.
-    For example, America/New_York precludes
-    America/New_York/Bronx.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Uninhabited regions like the North Pole and Bouvet Island
-    do not need locations, since local time is not defined there.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    If all the clocks in a timezone have agreed since 1970,
-    do not bother to include more than one timezone
-    even if some of the clocks disagreed before 1970.
-    Otherwise these tables would become annoyingly large.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    If boundaries between regions are fluid, such as during a war or
-    insurrection, do not bother to create a new timezone merely
-    because of yet another boundary change. This helps prevent table
-    bloat and simplifies maintenance.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    If a name is ambiguous, use a less ambiguous alternative;
-    e.g., many cities are named San José and Georgetown, so
-    prefer America/Costa_Rica to
-    America/San_Jose and America/Guyana
-    to America/Georgetown.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Keep locations compact.
-    Use cities or small islands, not countries or regions, so that any
-    future changes do not split individual locations into different
-    timezones.
-    E.g., prefer Europe/Paris to Europe/France,
-    since
-    France
-    has had multiple time zones.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Use mainstream English spelling, e.g., prefer
-    Europe/Rome to Europa/Roma, and
-    prefer Europe/Athens to the Greek
-    Ευρώπη/Αθήνα or the Romanized
-    Evrópi/Athína.
-    The POSIX file name restrictions encourage this guideline.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Use the most populous among locations in a region,
-    e.g., prefer Asia/Shanghai to
-    Asia/Beijing.
-    Among locations with similar populations, pick the best-known
-    location, e.g., prefer Europe/Rome to
-    Europe/Milan.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Use the singular form, e.g., prefer Atlantic/Canary to
-    Atlantic/Canaries.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Omit common suffixes like '_Islands' and
-    '_City', unless that would lead to ambiguity.
-    E.g., prefer America/Cayman to
-    America/Cayman_Islands and
-    America/Guatemala to
-    America/Guatemala_City, but prefer
-    America/Mexico_City to
-    America/Mexico
-    because the
-    country of Mexico has several time zones.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Use '_' to represent a space.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Omit '.' from abbreviations in names.
-    E.g., prefer Atlantic/St_Helena to
-    Atlantic/St._Helena.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Do not change established names if they only marginally violate
-    the above guidelines.
-    For example, do not change the existing name Europe/Rome to
-    Europe/Milan merely because Milan's population has grown
-    to be somewhat greater than Rome's.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    If a name is changed, put its old spelling in the
-    'backward' file.
-    This means old spellings will continue to work.
-    Ordinarily a name change should occur only in the rare case when
-    a location's consensus English-language spelling changes; for example,
-    in 2008 Asia/Calcutta was renamed to Asia/Kolkata
-    due to long-time widespread use of the new city name instead of the old.
-  
    • 
-

-
-

-Guidelines have evolved with time, and names following old versions of
-these guidelines might not follow the current version. When guidelines
-have changed, old names continue to be supported. Guideline changes
-have included the following:
-

-
-
    
-
  • 
-Older versions of this package used a different naming scheme.
-See the file 'backward' for most of these older names
-(e.g., 'US/Eastern' instead of 'America/New_York').
-The other old-fashioned names still supported are
-'WET', 'CET', 'MET', and
-'EET' (see the file 'europe').
-
    • 
-
-
  • 
-Older versions of this package defined legacy names that are
-incompatible with the first guideline of location names, but which are
-still supported.
-These legacy names are mostly defined in the file
-'etcetera'.
-Also, the file 'backward' defines the legacy names
-'GMT0', 'GMT-0' and 'GMT+0',
-and the file 'northamerica' defines the legacy names
-'EST5EDT', 'CST6CDT',
-'MST7MDT', and 'PST8PDT'.
-
    • 
-
-
  • 
-Older versions of these guidelines said that
-there should typically be at least one name for each ISO
-3166-1 officially assigned two-letter code for an inhabited
-country or territory.
-This old guideline has been dropped, as it was not needed to handle
-timestamps correctly and it increased maintenance burden.
-
    • 
-

-
-

-The file 'zone1970.tab' lists geographical locations used
-to name timezones.
-It is intended to be an exhaustive list of names for geographic
-regions as described above; this is a subset of the timezones in the data.
-Although a 'zone1970.tab' location's
-longitude
-corresponds to
-its local mean
-time (LMT) offset with one hour for every 15°
-east longitude, this relationship is not exact.
-

-
-

-Excluding 'backward' should not affect the other data.
-If 'backward' is excluded, excluding
-'etcetera' should not affect the remaining data.
-

-

-
-

-  
Time zone abbreviations

-

-When this package is installed, it generates time zone abbreviations
-like 'EST' to be compatible with human tradition and POSIX.
-Here are the general guidelines used for choosing time zone abbreviations,
-in decreasing order of importance:
-

-
-
    
-  
  • 
-    Use three to six characters that are ASCII alphanumerics or
-    '+' or '-'.
-    Previous editions of this database also used characters like
-    space and '?', but these characters have a
-    special meaning to the
-    UNIX shell
-    and cause commands like
-    'set
-    `date`'
-    to have unexpected effects.
-    Previous editions of this guideline required upper-case letters, but the
-    Congressman who introduced
-    Chamorro
-    Standard Time preferred "ChST", so lower-case letters are now
-    allowed.
-    Also, POSIX from 2001 on relaxed the rule to allow '-',
-    '+', and alphanumeric characters from the portable
-    character set in the current locale.
-    In practice ASCII alphanumerics and '+' and
-    '-' are safe in all locales.
-
-    
    
-    In other words, in the C locale the POSIX extended regular
-    expression [-+[:alnum:]]{3,6} should match the
-    abbreviation.
-    This guarantees that all abbreviations could have been specified by a
-    POSIX TZ string.
-    
    
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Use abbreviations that are in common use among English-speakers,
-    e.g., 'EST' for Eastern Standard Time in North America.
-    We assume that applications translate them to other languages
-    as part of the normal localization process; for example,
-    a French application might translate 'EST' to 'HNE'.
-
-    
    
-    These abbreviations (for standard/daylight/etc. time) are:
-      ACST/ACDT Australian Central,
-      AST/ADT/APT/AWT/ADDT Atlantic,
-      AEST/AEDT Australian Eastern,
-      AHST/AHDT Alaska-Hawaii,
-      AKST/AKDT Alaska,
-      AWST/AWDT Australian Western,
-      BST/BDT Bering,
-      CAT/CAST Central Africa,
-      CET/CEST/CEMT Central European,
-      ChST Chamorro,
-      CST/CDT/CWT/CPT/CDDT Central [North America],
-      CST/CDT China,
-      GMT/BST/IST/BDST Greenwich,
-      EAT East Africa,
-      EST/EDT/EWT/EPT/EDDT Eastern [North America],
-      EET/EEST Eastern European,
-      GST/GDT Guam,
-      HST/HDT/HWT/HPT Hawaii,
-      HKT/HKST/HKWT Hong Kong,
-      IST India,
-      IST/GMT Irish,
-      IST/IDT/IDDT Israel,
-      JST/JDT Japan,
-      KST/KDT Korea,
-      MET/MEST Middle European (a backward-compatibility alias for
-	Central European),
-      MSK/MSD Moscow,
-      MST/MDT/MWT/MPT/MDDT Mountain,
-      NST/NDT/NWT/NPT/NDDT Newfoundland,
-      NST/NDT/NWT/NPT Nome,
-      NZMT/NZST New Zealand through 1945,
-      NZST/NZDT New Zealand 1946–present,
-      PKT/PKST Pakistan,
-      PST/PDT/PWT/PPT/PDDT Pacific,
-      PST/PDT Philippine,
-      SAST South Africa,
-      SST Samoa,
-      WAT/WAST West Africa,
-      WET/WEST/WEMT Western European,
-      WIB Waktu Indonesia Barat,
-      WIT Waktu Indonesia Timur,
-      WITA Waktu Indonesia Tengah,
-      YST/YDT/YWT/YPT/YDDT Yukon.
-    
    
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    
    
-    For times taken from a city's longitude, use the
-    traditional xMT notation.
-    The only abbreviation like this in current use is 'GMT'.
-    The others are for timestamps before 1960,
-    except that Monrovia Mean Time persisted until 1972.
-    Typically, numeric abbreviations (e.g., '-004430' for
-    MMT) would cause trouble here, as the numeric strings would exceed
-    the POSIX length limit.
-    
    
-
-    
    
-    These abbreviations are:
-      AMT Amsterdam, Asunción, Athens;
-      BMT Baghdad, Bangkok, Batavia, Bermuda, Bern, Bogotá, Bridgetown,
-        Brussels, Bucharest;
-      CMT Calamarca, Caracas, Chisinau, Colón, Copenhagen, Córdoba;
-      DMT Dublin/Dunsink;
-      EMT Easter;
-      FFMT Fort-de-France;
-      FMT Funchal;
-      GMT Greenwich;
-      HMT Havana, Helsinki, Horta, Howrah;
-      IMT Irkutsk, Istanbul;
-      JMT Jerusalem;
-      KMT Kaunas, Kiev, Kingston;
-      LMT Lima, Lisbon, local, Luanda;
-      MMT Macassar, Madras, Malé, Managua, Minsk, Monrovia, Montevideo,
-	Moratuwa, Moscow;
-      PLMT Phù Liễn;
-      PMT Paramaribo, Paris, Perm, Pontianak, Prague;
-      PMMT Port Moresby;
-      QMT Quito;
-      RMT Rangoon, Riga, Rome;
-      SDMT Santo Domingo;
-      SJMT San José;
-      SMT Santiago, Simferopol, Singapore, Stanley;
-      TBMT Tbilisi;
-      TMT Tallinn, Tehran;
-      WMT Warsaw.
-    
    
-
-    
    
-    A few abbreviations also follow the pattern that
-    GMT/BST established for time in the UK.
-    They are:
-      BMT/BST for Bermuda 1890–1930,
-      CMT/BST for Calamarca Mean Time and Bolivian Summer Time
-	1890–1932,
-      DMT/IST for Dublin/Dunsink Mean Time and Irish Summer Time
-	1880–1916,
-      MMT/MST/MDST for Moscow 1880–1919, and
-      RMT/LST for Riga Mean Time and Latvian Summer time 1880–1926.
-    An extra-special case is SET for Swedish Time (svensk
-    normaltid) 1879–1899, 3° west of the Stockholm
-    Observatory.
-    
    
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Use 'LMT' for local mean time of locations before the
-    introduction of standard time; see "Scope of the
-    tz database".
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    If there is no common English abbreviation, use numeric offsets like
-    -05 and +0530 that are generated
-    by zic's %z notation.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Use current abbreviations for older timestamps to avoid confusion.
-    For example, in 1910 a common English abbreviation for time
-    in central Europe was 'MEZ' (short for both "Middle European
-    Zone" and for "Mitteleuropäische Zeit" in German).
-    Nowadays 'CET' ("Central European Time") is more common in
-    English, and the database uses 'CET' even for circa-1910
-    timestamps as this is less confusing for modern users and avoids
-    the need for determining when 'CET' supplanted 'MEZ' in common
-    usage.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Use a consistent style in a timezone's history.
-    For example, if a history tends to use numeric
-    abbreviations and a particular entry could go either way, use a
-    numeric abbreviation.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Use
-    Universal Time
-    (UT) (with time zone abbreviation '-00') for
-    locations while uninhabited.
-    The leading '-' is a flag that the UT offset is in
-    some sense undefined; this notation is derived
-    from Internet
-    RFC 3339.
-  
    • 
-

-
-

-Application writers should note that these abbreviations are ambiguous
-in practice: e.g., 'CST' means one thing in China and something else
-in North America, and 'IST' can refer to time in India, Ireland or
-Israel.
-To avoid ambiguity, use numeric UT offsets like
-'-0600' instead of time zone abbreviations like 'CST'.
-

-

-
-

-  
Accuracy of the tz database

-

-The tz database is not authoritative, and it
-surely has errors.
-Corrections are welcome and encouraged; see the file CONTRIBUTING.
-Users requiring authoritative data should consult national standards
-bodies and the references cited in the database's comments.
-

-
-

-Errors in the tz database arise from many sources:
-

-
-
    
-  
  • 
-    The tz database predicts future
-    timestamps, and current predictions
-    will be incorrect after future governments change the rules.
-    For example, if today someone schedules a meeting for 13:00 next
-    October 1, Casablanca time, and tomorrow Morocco changes its
-    daylight saving rules, software can mess up after the rule change
-    if it blithely relies on conversions made before the change.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The pre-1970 entries in this database cover only a tiny sliver of how
-    clocks actually behaved; the vast majority of the necessary
-    information was lost or never recorded.
-    Thousands more timezones would be needed if
-    the tz database's scope were extended to
-    cover even just the known or guessed history of standard time; for
-    example, the current single entry for France would need to split
-    into dozens of entries, perhaps hundreds.
-    And in most of the world even this approach would be misleading
-    due to widespread disagreement or indifference about what times
-    should be observed.
-    In her 2015 book
-    The
-    Global Transformation of Time, 1870–1950,
-    Vanessa Ogle writes
-    "Outside of Europe and North America there was no system of time
-    zones at all, often not even a stable landscape of mean times,
-    prior to the middle decades of the twentieth century".
-    See: Timothy Shenk, Booked:
-      A Global History of Time. Dissent 2015-12-17.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Most of the pre-1970 data entries come from unreliable sources, often
-    astrology books that lack citations and whose compilers evidently
-    invented entries when the true facts were unknown, without
-    reporting which entries were known and which were invented.
-    These books often contradict each other or give implausible entries,
-    and on the rare occasions when they are checked they are
-    typically found to be incorrect.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    For the UK the tz database relies on
-    years of first-class work done by
-    Joseph Myers and others; see
-    "History of
-    legal time in Britain".
-    Other countries are not done nearly as well.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Sometimes, different people in the same city maintain clocks
-    that differ significantly.
-    Historically, railway time was used by railroad companies (which
-    did not always
-    agree with each other), church-clock time was used for birth
-    certificates, etc.
-    More recently, competing political groups might disagree about
-    clock settings. Often this is merely common practice, but
-    sometimes it is set by law.
-    For example, from 1891 to 1911 the UT offset in France
-    was legally UT +00:09:21 outside train stations and
-    UT +00:04:21 inside. Other examples include
-    Chillicothe in 1920, Palm Springs in 1946/7, and Jerusalem and
-    Ürümqi to this day.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Although a named location in the tz
-    database stands for the containing region, its pre-1970 data
-    entries are often accurate for only a small subset of that region.
-    For example, Europe/London stands for the United
-    Kingdom, but its pre-1847 times are valid only for locations that
-    have London's exact meridian, and its 1847 transition
-    to GMT is known to be valid only for the L&NW and
-    the Caledonian railways.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The tz database does not record the
-    earliest time for which a timezone's
-    data entries are thereafter valid for every location in the region.
-    For example, Europe/London is valid for all locations
-    in its region after GMT was made the standard time,
-    but the date of standardization (1880-08-02) is not in the
-    tz database, other than in commentary.
-    For many timezones the earliest time of
-    validity is unknown.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The tz database does not record a
-    region's boundaries, and in many cases the boundaries are not known.
-    For example, the timezone
-    America/Kentucky/Louisville represents a region
-    around the city of Louisville, the boundaries of which are
-    unclear.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Changes that are modeled as instantaneous transitions in the
-    tz
-    database were often spread out over hours, days, or even decades.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Even if the time is specified by law, locations sometimes
-    deliberately flout the law.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Early timekeeping practices, even assuming perfect clocks, were
-    often not specified to the accuracy that the
-    tz database requires.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The tz database cannot represent stopped clocks.
-    However, on 1911-03-11 at 00:00, some public-facing French clocks
-    were changed by stopping them for a few minutes to effect a transition.
-    The tz database models this via a
-    backward transition; the relevant French legislation does not
-    specify exactly how the transition was to occur.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Sometimes historical timekeeping was specified more precisely
-    than what the tz code can handle.
-    For example, from 1909 to 1937 Netherlands clocks were legally Amsterdam Mean
-    Time (estimated to be UT
-    +00:19:32.13), but the tz
-    code cannot represent the fractional second.
-    In practice these old specifications were rarely if ever
-    implemented to subsecond precision.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Even when all the timestamp transitions recorded by the
-    tz database are correct, the
-    tz rules that generate them may not
-    faithfully reflect the historical rules.
-    For example, from 1922 until World War II the UK moved clocks
-    forward the day following the third Saturday in April unless that
-    was Easter, in which case it moved clocks forward the previous
-    Sunday.
-    Because the tz database has no
-    way to specify Easter, these exceptional years are entered as
-    separate tz Rule lines, even though the
-    legal rules did not change.
-    When transitions are known but the historical rules behind them are not,
-    the database contains Zone and Rule
-    entries that are intended to represent only the generated
-    transitions, not any underlying historical rules; however, this
-    intent is recorded at best only in commentary.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The tz database models time
-    using the proleptic
-    Gregorian calendar with days containing 24 equal-length hours
-    numbered 00 through 23, except when clock transitions occur.
-    Pre-standard time is modeled as local mean time.
-    However, historically many people used other calendars and other timescales.
-    For example, the Roman Empire used
-    the Julian
-    calendar,
-    and Roman
-    timekeeping had twelve varying-length daytime hours with a
-    non-hour-based system at night.
-    And even today, some local practices diverge from the Gregorian
-    calendar with 24-hour days. These divergences range from
-    relatively minor, such as Japanese bars giving times like "24:30" for the
-    wee hours of the morning, to more-significant differences such as the
-    east African practice of starting the day at dawn, renumbering
-    the Western 06:00 to be 12:00. These practices are largely outside
-    the scope of the tz code and data, which
-    provide only limited support for date and time localization
-    such as that required by POSIX. If DST is not used a different time zone
-    can often do the trick; for example, in Kenya a TZ setting
-    like <-03>3 or America/Cayenne starts
-    the day six hours later than Africa/Nairobi does.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Early clocks were less reliable, and data entries do not represent
-    clock error.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The tz database assumes Universal Time
-    (UT) as an origin, even though UT is not
-    standardized for older timestamps.
-    In the tz database commentary,
-    UT denotes a family of time standards that includes
-    Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) along with other
-    variants such as UT1 and GMT,
-    with days starting at midnight.
-    Although UT equals UTC for modern
-    timestamps, UTC was not defined until 1960, so
-    commentary uses the more-general abbreviation UT for
-    timestamps that might predate 1960.
-    Since UT, UT1, etc. disagree slightly,
-    and since pre-1972 UTC seconds varied in length,
-    interpretation of older timestamps can be problematic when
-    subsecond accuracy is needed.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Civil time was not based on atomic time before 1972, and we do not
-    know the history of
-    earth's
-    rotation accurately enough to map SI seconds to
-    historical solar time
-    to more than about one-hour accuracy.
-    See: Stephenson FR, Morrison LV, Hohenkerk CY.
-    Measurement of
-    the Earth's rotation: 720 BC to AD 2015.
-    Proc Royal Soc A. 2016 Dec 7;472:20160404.
-    Also see: Espenak F. Uncertainty
-    in Delta T (ΔT).
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The relationship between POSIX time (that is, UTC but
-    ignoring leap
-    seconds) and UTC is not agreed upon after 1972.
-    Although the POSIX
-    clock officially stops during an inserted leap second, at least one
-    proposed standard has it jumping back a second instead; and in
-    practice POSIX clocks more typically either progress glacially during
-    a leap second, or are slightly slowed while near a leap second.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The tz database does not represent how
-    uncertain its information is.
-    Ideally it would contain information about when data entries are
-    incomplete or dicey.
-    Partial temporal knowledge is a field of active research, though,
-    and it is not clear how to apply it here.
-  
    • 
-

-
-

-In short, many, perhaps most, of the tz
-database's pre-1970 and future timestamps are either wrong or
-misleading.
-Any attempt to pass the
-tz database off as the definition of time
-should be unacceptable to anybody who cares about the facts.
-In particular, the tz database's
-LMT offsets should not be considered meaningful, and
-should not prompt creation of timezones
-merely because two locations
-differ in LMT or transitioned to standard time at
-different dates.
-

-

-
-

-  
Time and date functions

-

-The tz code contains time and date functions
-that are upwards compatible with those of POSIX.
-Code compatible with this package is already
-part of many platforms, where the
-primary use of this package is to update obsolete time-related files.
-To do this, you may need to compile the time zone compiler
-'zic' supplied with this package instead of using the
-system 'zic', since the format of zic's
-input is occasionally extended, and a platform may still be shipping
-an older zic.
-

-
-
POSIX properties and limitations

-
    
-  
  • 
-    
    
-    In POSIX, time display in a process is controlled by the
-    environment variable TZ.
-    Unfortunately, the POSIX
-    TZ string takes a form that is hard to describe and
-    is error-prone in practice.
-    Also, POSIX TZ strings cannot deal with daylight
-    saving time rules not based on the Gregorian calendar (as in
-    Iran), or with situations where more than two time zone
-    abbreviations or UT offsets are used in an area.
-    
    
-
-    
    
-    The POSIX TZ string takes the following form:
-    
    
-
-    
    
-    stdoffset[dst[offset][,date[/time],date[/time]]]
-    
    
-
-    
    
-    where:
-    
    
-
-    
    
-      
    std and dst
    
-	are 3 or more characters specifying the standard
-	and daylight saving time (DST) zone abbreviations.
-	Starting with POSIX.1-2001, std and dst
-	may also be in a quoted form like '<+09>';
-	this allows "+" and "-" in the names.
-      
    
-      
    offset
    
-	is of the form
-	'[±]hh:[mm[:ss]]'
-	and specifies the offset west of UT.
-	'hh' may be a single digit;
-	0≤hh≤24.
-	The default DST offset is one hour ahead of
-	standard time.
-      
    
-      
    date[/time],date[/time]
    
-	specifies the beginning and end of DST.
-	If this is absent, the system supplies its own ruleset
-	for DST, and its rules can differ from year to year;
-	typically US DST rules are used.
-      
    
-      
    time
    
-	takes the form
-	'hh:[mm[:ss]]'
-	and defaults to 02:00.
-	This is the same format as the offset, except that a
-	leading '+' or '-' is not allowed.
-      
    
-      
    date
    
-	takes one of the following forms:
-	
    
-	  
    Jn (1≤n≤365)
    
-	    origin-1 day number not counting February 29
-	  
    
-	  
    n (0≤n≤365)
    
-	    origin-0 day number counting February 29 if present
-	  
    
-	  
    Mm.n.d
-	    (0[Sunday]≤d≤6[Saturday], 1≤n≤5,
-	    1≤m≤12)
    
-	    for the dth day of week n of
-	    month m of the year, where week 1 is the first
-	    week in which day d appears, and
-	    '5' stands for the last week in which
-	    day d appears (which may be either the 4th or
-	    5th week).
-	    Typically, this is the only useful form; the n
-	    and Jn forms are rarely used.
-	  
    
-	
    
-      
    
-    
    
-
-    
    
-    Here is an example POSIX TZ string for New
-    Zealand after 2007.
-    It says that standard time (NZST) is 12 hours ahead
-    of UT, and that daylight saving time
-    (NZDT) is observed from September's last Sunday at
-    02:00 until April's first Sunday at 03:00:
-    
    
-
-    
    TZ='NZST-12NZDT,M9.5.0,M4.1.0/3'
    
-
-    
    
-    This POSIX TZ string is hard to remember, and
-    mishandles some timestamps before 2008.
-    With this package you can use this instead:
-    
    
-
-    
    TZ='Pacific/Auckland'
    
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    POSIX does not define the DST transitions
-    for TZ values like
-    "EST5EDT".
-    Traditionally the current US DST rules
-    were used to interpret such values, but this meant that the
-    US DST rules were compiled into each
-    program that did time conversion. This meant that when
-    US time conversion rules changed (as in the United
-    States in 1987), all programs that did time conversion had to be
-    recompiled to ensure proper results.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The TZ environment variable is process-global, which
-    makes it hard to write efficient, thread-safe applications that
-    need access to multiple timezones.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    In POSIX, there is no tamper-proof way for a process to learn the
-    system's best idea of local (wall clock) time.
-    This is important for applications that an administrator wants
-    used only at certain times – without regard to whether the
-    user has fiddled the
-    TZ environment variable.
-    While an administrator can "do everything in UT" to
-    get around the problem, doing so is inconvenient and precludes
-    handling daylight saving time shifts – as might be required to
-    limit phone calls to off-peak hours.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    POSIX provides no convenient and efficient way to determine
-    the UT offset and time zone abbreviation of arbitrary
-    timestamps, particularly for timezones
-    that do not fit into the POSIX model.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    POSIX requires that time_t clock counts exclude leap
-    seconds.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The tz code attempts to support all the
-    time_t implementations allowed by POSIX.
-    The time_t type represents a nonnegative count of seconds
-    since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC, ignoring leap seconds.
-    In practice, time_t is usually a signed 64- or 32-bit
-    integer; 32-bit signed time_t values stop working after
-    2038-01-19 03:14:07 UTC, so new implementations these
-    days typically use a signed 64-bit integer.
-    Unsigned 32-bit integers are used on one or two platforms, and 36-bit
-    and 40-bit integers are also used occasionally.
-    Although earlier POSIX versions allowed time_t to be a
-    floating-point type, this was not supported by any practical system,
-    and POSIX.1-2013 and the tz code both
-    require time_t to be an integer type.
-  
    • 
-

-
-
Extensions to POSIX in the
-tz code

-
    
-  
  • 
-    
    
-    The TZ environment variable is used in generating
-    the name of a file from which time-related information is read
-    (or is interpreted à la POSIX); TZ is no longer
-    constrained to be a string containing abbreviations
-    and numeric data as described above.
-    The file's format is TZif,
-    a timezone information format that contains binary data; see
-    Internet
-    RFC 8536.
-    The daylight saving time rules to be used for a
-    particular timezone are encoded in the
-    TZif file; the format of the file allows US,
-    Australian, and other rules to be encoded, and
-    allows for situations where more than two time zone
-    abbreviations are used.
-    
    
-    
    
-    It was recognized that allowing the TZ environment
-    variable to take on values such as 'America/New_York'
-    might cause "old" programs (that expect TZ to have a
-    certain form) to operate incorrectly; consideration was given to using
-    some other environment variable (for example, TIMEZONE)
-    to hold the string used to generate the TZif file's name.
-    In the end, however, it was decided to continue using
-    TZ: it is widely used for time zone purposes;
-    separately maintaining both TZ
-    and TIMEZONE seemed a nuisance; and systems where
-    "new" forms of TZ might cause problems can simply
-    use legacy TZ values such as "EST5EDT" which
-    can be used by "new" programs as well as by "old" programs that
-    assume pre-POSIX TZ values.
-    
    
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The code supports platforms with a UT offset member
-    in struct tm, e.g., tm_gmtoff.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The code supports platforms with a time zone abbreviation member in
-    struct tm, e.g., tm_zone.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Functions tzalloc, tzfree,
-    localtime_rz, and mktime_z for
-    more-efficient thread-safe applications that need to use multiple
-    timezones.
-    The tzalloc and tzfree functions
-    allocate and free objects of type timezone_t,
-    and localtime_rz and mktime_z are
-    like localtime_r and mktime with an
-    extra timezone_t argument.
-    The functions were inspired by NetBSD.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Negative time_t values are supported, on systems
-    where time_t is signed.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    These functions can account for leap seconds;
-    see Leap seconds below.
-  
    • 
-

-
-
POSIX features no longer needed

-

-POSIX and ISO C
-define some APIs that are vestigial:
-they are not needed, and are relics of a too-simple model that does
-not suffice to handle many real-world timestamps.
-Although the tz code supports these
-vestigial APIs for backwards compatibility, they should
-be avoided in portable applications.
-The vestigial APIs are:
-

-
    
-  
  • 
-    The POSIX tzname variable does not suffice and is no
-    longer needed.
-    To get a timestamp's time zone abbreviation, consult
-    the tm_zone member if available; otherwise,
-    use strftime's "%Z" conversion
-    specification.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The POSIX daylight and timezone
-    variables do not suffice and are no longer needed.
-    To get a timestamp's UT offset, consult
-    the tm_gmtoff member if available; otherwise,
-    subtract values returned by localtime
-    and gmtime using the rules of the Gregorian calendar,
-    or use strftime's "%z" conversion
-    specification if a string like "+0900" suffices.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The tm_isdst member is almost never needed and most of
-    its uses should be discouraged in favor of the abovementioned
-    APIs.
-    Although it can still be used in arguments to
-    mktime to disambiguate timestamps near
-    a DST transition when the clock jumps back, this
-    disambiguation does not work when standard time itself jumps back,
-    which can occur when a location changes to a time zone with a
-    lesser UT offset.
-  
    • 
-

-
-
Other portability notes

-
    
-  
  • 
-    The 7th Edition
-    UNIX timezone function is not present in this
-    package; it is impossible to reliably map timezone's
-    arguments (a "minutes west of GMT" value and a
-    "daylight saving time in effect" flag) to a time zone
-    abbreviation, and we refuse to guess.
-    Programs that in the past used the timezone function
-    may now examine localtime(&clock)->tm_zone
-    (if TM_ZONE is defined) or
-    tzname[localtime(&clock)->tm_isdst]
-    (if HAVE_TZNAME is nonzero) to learn the correct time
-    zone abbreviation to use.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The 4.2BSD
-    gettimeofday function is not
-    used in this package.
-    This formerly let users obtain the current UTC offset
-    and DST flag, but this functionality was removed in
-    later versions of BSD.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    In SVR2, time conversion fails for near-minimum or
-    near-maximum time_t values when doing conversions
-    for places that do not use UT.
-    This package takes care to do these conversions correctly.
-    A comment in the source code tells how to get compatibly wrong
-    results.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The functions that are conditionally compiled
-    if STD_INSPIRED is defined should, at this point, be
-    looked on primarily as food for thought.
-    They are not in any sense "standard compatible" – some are
-    not, in fact, specified in any standard.
-    They do, however, represent responses of various authors to
-    standardization proposals.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Other time conversion proposals, in particular those supported by the
-    Time Zone
-    Database Parser, offer a wider selection of functions
-    that provide capabilities beyond those provided here.
-    The absence of such functions from this package is not meant to
-    discourage the development, standardization, or use of such
-    functions.
-    Rather, their absence reflects the decision to make this package
-    contain valid extensions to POSIX, to ensure its broad
-    acceptability.
-    If more powerful time conversion functions can be standardized, so
-    much the better.
-  
    • 
-

-

-
-

-  
Interface stability

-

-The tz code and data supply the following interfaces:
-

-
-
    
-  
  • 
-    A set of timezone names as per
-      "Timezone identifiers" above.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    Library functions described in "Time and date
-      functions" above.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The programs tzselect, zdump,
-    and zic, documented in their man pages.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The format of zic input files, documented in
-    the zic man page.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The format of zic output files, documented in
-    the tzfile man page.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The format of zone table files, documented in zone1970.tab.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The format of the country code file, documented in iso3166.tab.
-  
    • 
-  
  • 
-    The version number of the code and data, as the first line of
-    the text file 'version' in each release.
-  
    • 
-

-
-

-Interface changes in a release attempt to preserve compatibility with
-recent releases.
-For example, tz data files typically do not
-rely on recently-added zic features, so that users can
-run older zic versions to process newer data files.
-Downloading
-the tz database describes how releases
-are tagged and distributed.
-

-
-

-Interfaces not listed above are less stable.
-For example, users should not rely on particular UT
-offsets or abbreviations for timestamps, as data entries are often
-based on guesswork and these guesses may be corrected or improved.
-

-
-

-Timezone boundaries are not part of the stable interface.
-For example, even though the Asia/Bangkok timezone
-currently includes Chang Mai, Hanoi, and Phnom Penh, this is not part
-of the stable interface and the timezone can split at any time.
-If a calendar application records a future event in some location other
-than Bangkok by putting "Asia/Bangkok" in the event's record,
-the application should be robust in the presence of timezone splits
-between now and the future time.
-

-

-
-

-  
Leap seconds

-

-The tz code and data can account for leap seconds,
-thanks to code contributed by Bradley White.
-However, the leap second support of this package is rarely used directly
-because POSIX requires leap seconds to be excluded and many
-software packages would mishandle leap seconds if they were present.
-Instead, leap seconds are more commonly handled by occasionally adjusting
-the operating system kernel clock as described in
-Precision timekeeping,
-and this package by default installs a leapseconds file
-commonly used by
-NTP
-software that adjusts the kernel clock.
-However, kernel-clock twiddling approximates UTC only roughly,
-and systems needing more-precise UTC can use this package's leap
-second support directly.
-

-
-

-The directly-supported mechanism assumes that time_t
-counts of seconds since the POSIX epoch normally include leap seconds,
-as opposed to POSIX time_t counts which exclude leap seconds.
-This modified timescale is converted to UTC
-at the same point that time zone and DST adjustments are applied –
-namely, at calls to localtime and analogous functions –
-and the process is driven by leap second information
-stored in alternate versions of the TZif files.
-Because a leap second adjustment may be needed even
-if no time zone correction is desired,
-calls to gmtime-like functions
-also need to consult a TZif file,
-conventionally named GMT,
-to see whether leap second corrections are needed.
-To convert an application's time_t timestamps to or from
-POSIX time_t timestamps (for use when, say,
-embedding or interpreting timestamps in portable
-tar
-files),
-the application can call the utility functions
-time2posix and posix2time
-included with this package.
-

-
-

-If the POSIX-compatible TZif file set is installed
-in a directory whose basename is zoneinfo, the
-leap-second-aware file set is by default installed in a separate
-directory zoneinfo-leaps.
-Although each process can have its own time zone by setting
-its TZ environment variable, there is no support for some
-processes being leap-second aware while other processes are
-POSIX-compatible; the leap-second choice is system-wide.
-So if you configure your kernel to count leap seconds, you should also
-discard zoneinfo and rename zoneinfo-leaps
-to zoneinfo.
-Alternatively, you can install just one set of TZif files
-in the first place; see the REDO variable in this package's
-makefile.
-

-

-
-

-  
Calendrical issues

-

-Calendrical issues are a bit out of scope for a time zone database,
-but they indicate the sort of problems that we would run into if we
-extended the time zone database further into the past.
-An excellent resource in this area is Edward M. Reingold
-and Nachum Dershowitz, Calendrical
-Calculations: The Ultimate Edition, Cambridge University Press (2018).
-Other information and sources are given in the file 'calendars'
-in the tz distribution.
-They sometimes disagree.
-

-

-
-

-  
Time and time zones on other planets

-

-Some people's work schedules have used
-Mars time.
-Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) coordinators kept Mars time on
-and off during the
-Mars
-Pathfinder mission (1997).
-Some of their family members also adapted to Mars time.
-Dozens of special Mars watches were built for JPL workers who kept
-Mars time during the
-Mars
-Exploration Rovers (MER) mission (2004–2018).
-These timepieces looked like normal Seikos and Citizens but were adjusted
-to use Mars seconds rather than terrestrial seconds, although
-unfortunately the adjusted watches were unreliable and appear to have
-had only limited use.
-

-
-

-A Mars solar day is called a "sol" and has a mean period equal to
-about 24 hours 39 minutes 35.244 seconds in terrestrial time.
-It is divided into a conventional 24-hour clock, so each Mars second
-equals about 1.02749125 terrestrial seconds.
-(One MER worker noted, "If I am working Mars hours, and Mars hours are
-2.5% more than Earth hours, shouldn't I get an extra 2.5% pay raise?")
-

-
-

-The prime
-meridian of Mars goes through the center of the crater
-Airy-0, named in
-honor of the British astronomer who built the Greenwich telescope that
-defines Earth's prime meridian.
-Mean solar time on the Mars prime meridian is
-called Mars Coordinated Time (MTC).
-

-
-

-Each landed mission on Mars has adopted a different reference for
-solar timekeeping, so there is no real standard for Mars time zones.
-For example, the MER mission defined two time zones "Local
-Solar Time A" and "Local Solar Time B" for its two missions, each zone
-designed so that its time equals local true solar time at
-approximately the middle of the nominal mission.
-The A and B zones differ enough so that an MER worker assigned to
-the A zone might suffer "Mars lag" when switching to work in the B zone.
-Such a "time zone" is not particularly suited for any application
-other than the mission itself.
-

-
-

-Many calendars have been proposed for Mars, but none have achieved
-wide acceptance.
-Astronomers often use Mars Sol Date (MSD) which is a
-sequential count of Mars solar days elapsed since about 1873-12-29
-12:00 GMT.
-

-
-

-In our solar system, Mars is the planet with time and calendar most
-like Earth's.
-On other planets, Sun-based time and calendars would work quite
-differently.
-For example, although Mercury's
-sidereal
-rotation period is 58.646 Earth days, Mercury revolves around the
-Sun so rapidly that an observer on Mercury's equator would see a
-sunrise only every 175.97 Earth days, i.e., a Mercury year is 0.5 of a
-Mercury day.
-Venus is more complicated, partly because its rotation is slightly
-retrograde:
-its year is 1.92 of its days.
-Gas giants like Jupiter are trickier still, as their polar and
-equatorial regions rotate at different rates, so that the length of a
-day depends on latitude.
-This effect is most pronounced on Neptune, where the day is about 12
-hours at the poles and 18 hours at the equator.
-

-
-

-Although the tz database does not support
-time on other planets, it is documented here in the hopes that support
-will be added eventually.
-

-
-

-Sources for time on other planets:
-

-
-
-

-
-

-  

-  This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 2009-05-17 by
-  Arthur David Olson.
-

-
-
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/version b/inst/tzdata/version
deleted file mode 100644
index 1d590958..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/version
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-2021a
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/windowsZones.xml b/inst/tzdata/windowsZones.xml
deleted file mode 100644
index fd2ccb6d..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/windowsZones.xml
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,795 +0,0 @@
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diff --git a/inst/tzdata/ziguard.awk b/inst/tzdata/ziguard.awk
deleted file mode 100644
index 7d6f7c99..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/ziguard.awk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
-# Convert tzdata source into vanguard or rearguard form.
-
-# Contributed by Paul Eggert.  This file is in the public domain.
-
-# This is not a general-purpose converter; it is designed for current tzdata.
-# It just converts from current source to main, vanguard, and rearguard forms.
-# Although it might be nice for it to be idempotent, or to be useful
-# for converting back and forth between vanguard and rearguard formats,
-# it does not do these nonessential tasks now.
-#
-# Although main and vanguard forms are currently equivalent,
-# this need not always be the case.
-#
-# When converting to vanguard form, the output can use negative SAVE
-# values.
-#
-# When converting to rearguard form, the output uses only nonnegative
-# SAVE values.  The idea is for the output data to simulate the behavior
-# of the input data as best it can within the constraints of the
-# rearguard format.
-
-BEGIN {
-  dataform_type["vanguard"] = 1
-  dataform_type["main"] = 1
-  dataform_type["rearguard"] = 1
-
-  # The command line should set DATAFORM.
-  if (!dataform_type[DATAFORM]) exit 1
-  vanguard = DATAFORM == "vanguard"
-}
-
-/^Zone/ { zone = $2 }
-
-DATAFORM != "main" {
-  in_comment = /^#/
-  uncomment = comment_out = 0
-
-  # If this line should differ due to Czechoslovakia using negative SAVE values,
-  # uncomment the desired version and comment out the undesired one.
-  if (zone == "Europe/Prague" && /^#?[\t ]+[01]:00[\t ]/ && /1947 Feb 23/) {
-    if (($(in_comment + 2) != "-") == vanguard) {
-      uncomment = in_comment
-    } else {
-      comment_out = !in_comment
-    }
-  }
-
-  # If this line should differ due to Ireland using negative SAVE values,
-  # uncomment the desired version and comment out the undesired one.
-  Rule_Eire = /^#?Rule[\t ]+Eire[\t ]/
-  Zone_Dublin_post_1968 \
-    = (zone == "Europe/Dublin" && /^#?[\t ]+[01]:00[\t ]/ \
-       && (!$(in_comment + 4) || 1968 < $(in_comment + 4)))
-  if (Rule_Eire || Zone_Dublin_post_1968) {
-    if ((Rule_Eire \
-	 || (Zone_Dublin_post_1968 && $(in_comment + 3) == "IST/GMT"))	\
-	== vanguard) {
-      uncomment = in_comment
-    } else {
-      comment_out = !in_comment
-    }
-  }
-
-  # If this line should differ due to Namibia using negative SAVE values,
-  # uncomment the desired version and comment out the undesired one.
-  Rule_Namibia = /^#?Rule[\t ]+Namibia[\t ]/
-  Zone_using_Namibia_rule \
-    = (zone == "Africa/Windhoek" && /^#?[\t ]+[12]:00[\t ]/ \
-       && ($(in_comment + 2) == "Namibia" \
-	   || ($(in_comment + 2) == "-" && $(in_comment + 3) == "CAT" \
-	       && ((1994 <= $(in_comment + 4) && $(in_comment + 4) <= 2017) \
-		   || in_comment + 3 == NF))))
-  if (Rule_Namibia || Zone_using_Namibia_rule) {
-      if ((Rule_Namibia \
-	   ? ($(in_comment + 9) ~ /^-/ \
-	      || ($(in_comment + 9) == 0 && $(in_comment + 10) == "CAT")) \
-	   : $(in_comment + 1) == "2:00" && $(in_comment + 2) == "Namibia") \
-	  == vanguard) {
-      uncomment = in_comment
-    } else {
-      comment_out = !in_comment
-    }
-  }
-
-  if (uncomment) {
-    sub(/^#/, "")
-  }
-  if (comment_out) {
-    sub(/^/, "#")
-  }
-
-  # In rearguard format, change the Japan rule line with "Sat>=8 25:00"
-  # to "Sun>=9 1:00", to cater to zic before 2007 and to older Java.
-  if (!vanguard && $1 == "Rule" && $7 == "Sat>=8" && $8 == "25:00") {
-    sub(/Sat>=8/, "Sun>=9")
-    sub(/25:00/, " 1:00")
-  }
-
-  # In rearguard format, change the Morocco lines with negative SAVE values
-  # to use positive SAVE values.
-  if (!vanguard && $1 == "Rule" && $2 == "Morocco" && $4 == 2018 \
-      && $6 == "Oct") {
-    sub(/\t2018\t/, "\t2017\t")
-  }
-  if (!vanguard && $1 == "Rule" && $2 == "Morocco" && 2019 <= $3) {
-    if ($9 == "0") {
-      sub(/\t0\t/, "\t1:00\t")
-    } else {
-      sub(/\t-1:00\t/, "\t0\t")
-    }
-  }
-  if (!vanguard && $1 == "1:00" && $2 == "Morocco" && $3 == "+01/+00") {
-    sub(/1:00\tMorocco\t\+01\/\+00$/, "0:00\tMorocco\t+00/+01")
-  }
-}
-
-# If a Link line is followed by a Zone line for the same data, comment
-# out the Link line.  This can happen if backzone overrides a Link
-# with a Zone.
-/^Link/ {
-  linkline[$3] = NR
-}
-/^Zone/ {
-  sub(/^Link/, "#Link", line[linkline[$2]])
-}
-
-{ line[NR] = $0 }
-
-END {
-  for (i = 1; i <= NR; i++)
-    print line[i]
-}
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/zishrink.awk b/inst/tzdata/zishrink.awk
deleted file mode 100644
index 1947c7c5..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/zishrink.awk
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,318 +0,0 @@
-# Convert tzdata source into a smaller version of itself.
-
-# Contributed by Paul Eggert.  This file is in the public domain.
-
-# This is not a general-purpose converter; it is designed for current tzdata.
-# 'zic' should treat this script's output as if it were identical to
-# this script's input.
-
-# Record a hash N for the new name NAME, checking for collisions.
-
-function record_hash(n, name)
-{
-  if (used_hashes[n]) {
-    printf "# ! collision: %s %s\n", used_hashes[n], name
-    exit 1
-  }
-  used_hashes[n] = name
-}
-
-# Return a shortened rule name representing NAME,
-# and record this relationship to the hash table.
-
-function gen_rule_name(name, \
-		       n)
-{
-  # Use a simple memonic: the first two letters.
-  n = substr(name, 1, 2)
-  record_hash(n, name)
-  # printf "# %s = %s\n", n, name
-  return n
-}
-
-function prehash_rule_names( \
-			    name)
-{
-  # Rule names are not part of the tzdb API, so substitute shorter
-  # ones.  Shortening them consistently from one release to the next
-  # simplifies comparison of the output.  That being said, the
-  # 1-letter names below are not standardized in any way, and can
-  # change arbitrarily from one release to the next, as the main goal
-  # here is compression not comparison.
-
-  # Abbreviating these rules names to one letter saved the most space
-  # circa 2018e.
-  rule["Arg"] = "A"
-  rule["Brazil"] = "B"
-  rule["Canada"] = "C"
-  rule["Denmark"] = "D"
-  rule["EU"] = "E"
-  rule["France"] = "F"
-  rule["GB-Eire"] = "G"
-  rule["Halifax"] = "H"
-  rule["Italy"] = "I"
-  rule["Jordan"] = "J"
-  rule["Egypt"] = "K" # "Kemet" in ancient Egyptian
-  rule["Libya"] = "L"
-  rule["Morocco"] = "M"
-  rule["Neth"] = "N"
-  rule["Poland"] = "O" # arbitrary
-  rule["Palestine"] = "P"
-  rule["Cuba"] = "Q" # Its start sounds like "Q".
-  rule["Russia"] = "R"
-  rule["Syria"] = "S"
-  rule["Turkey"] = "T"
-  rule["Uruguay"] = "U"
-  rule["Vincennes"] = "V"
-  rule["Winn"] = "W"
-  rule["Mongol"] = "X" # arbitrary
-  rule["NT_YK"] = "Y"
-  rule["Zion"] = "Z"
-  rule["Austria"] = "a"
-  rule["Belgium"] = "b"
-  rule["C-Eur"] = "c"
-  rule["Algeria"] = "d" # country code DZ
-  rule["E-Eur"] = "e"
-  rule["Taiwan"] = "f" # Formosa
-  rule["Greece"] = "g"
-  rule["Hungary"] = "h"
-  rule["Iran"] = "i"
-  rule["StJohns"] = "j"
-  rule["Chatham"] = "k" # arbitrary
-  rule["Lebanon"] = "l"
-  rule["Mexico"] = "m"
-  rule["Tunisia"] = "n" # country code TN
-  rule["Moncton"] = "o" # arbitrary
-  rule["Port"] = "p"
-  rule["Albania"] = "q" # arbitrary
-  rule["Regina"] = "r"
-  rule["Spain"] = "s"
-  rule["Toronto"] = "t"
-  rule["US"] = "u"
-  rule["Louisville"] = "v" # ville
-  rule["Iceland"] = "w" # arbitrary
-  rule["Chile"] = "x" # arbitrary
-  rule["Para"] = "y" # country code PY
-  rule["Romania"] = "z" # arbitrary
-  rule["Macau"] = "_" # arbitrary
-
-  # Use ISO 3166 alpha-2 country codes for remaining names that are countries.
-  # This is more systematic, and avoids collisions (e.g., Malta and Moldova).
-  rule["Armenia"] = "AM"
-  rule["Aus"] = "AU"
-  rule["Azer"] = "AZ"
-  rule["Barb"] = "BB"
-  rule["Dhaka"] = "BD"
-  rule["Bulg"] = "BG"
-  rule["Bahamas"] = "BS"
-  rule["Belize"] = "BZ"
-  rule["Swiss"] = "CH"
-  rule["Cook"] = "CK"
-  rule["PRC"] = "CN"
-  rule["Cyprus"] = "CY"
-  rule["Czech"] = "CZ"
-  rule["Germany"] = "DE"
-  rule["DR"] = "DO"
-  rule["Ecuador"] = "EC"
-  rule["Finland"] = "FI"
-  rule["Fiji"] = "FJ"
-  rule["Falk"] = "FK"
-  rule["Ghana"] = "GH"
-  rule["Guat"] = "GT"
-  rule["Hond"] = "HN"
-  rule["Haiti"] = "HT"
-  rule["Eire"] = "IE"
-  rule["Iraq"] = "IQ"
-  rule["Japan"] = "JP"
-  rule["Kyrgyz"] = "KG"
-  rule["ROK"] = "KR"
-  rule["Latvia"] = "LV"
-  rule["Lux"] = "LX"
-  rule["Moldova"] = "MD"
-  rule["Malta"] = "MT"
-  rule["Mauritius"] = "MU"
-  rule["Namibia"] = "NA"
-  rule["Nic"] = "NI"
-  rule["Norway"] = "NO"
-  rule["Peru"] = "PE"
-  rule["Phil"] = "PH"
-  rule["Pakistan"] = "PK"
-  rule["Sudan"] = "SD"
-  rule["Salv"] = "SV"
-  rule["Tonga"] = "TO"
-  rule["Vanuatu"] = "VU"
-
-  # Avoid collisions.
-  rule["Detroit"] = "Dt" # De = Denver
-
-  for (name in rule) {
-    record_hash(rule[name], name)
-  }
-}
-
-# Process the input line LINE and save it for later output.
-
-function process_input_line(line, \
-			    field, end, i, n, startdef, \
-			    linkline, ruleline, zoneline)
-{
-  # Remove comments, normalize spaces, and append a space to each line.
-  sub(/#.*/, "", line)
-  line = line " "
-  gsub(/[\t ]+/, " ", line)
-
-  # Abbreviate keywords and determine line type.
-  linkline = sub(/^Link /, "L ", line)
-  ruleline = sub(/^Rule /, "R ", line)
-  zoneline = sub(/^Zone /, "Z ", line)
-
-  # Replace FooAsia rules with the same rules without "Asia", as they
-  # are duplicates.
-  if (match(line, /[^ ]Asia /)) {
-    if (ruleline) return
-    line = substr(line, 1, RSTART) substr(line, RSTART + 5)
-  }
-
-  # Abbreviate times.
-  while (match(line, /[: ]0+[0-9]/))
-    line = substr(line, 1, RSTART) substr(line, RSTART + RLENGTH - 1)
-  while (match(line, /:0[^:]/))
-    line = substr(line, 1, RSTART - 1) substr(line, RSTART + 2)
-
-  # Abbreviate weekday names.
-  while (match(line, / (last)?(Mon|Wed|Fri)[ <>]/)) {
-    end = RSTART + RLENGTH
-    line = substr(line, 1, end - 4) substr(line, end - 1)
-  }
-  while (match(line, / (last)?(Sun|Tue|Thu|Sat)[ <>]/)) {
-    end = RSTART + RLENGTH
-    line = substr(line, 1, end - 3) substr(line, end - 1)
-  }
-
-  # Abbreviate "max", "min", "only" and month names.
-  gsub(/ max /, " ma ", line)
-  gsub(/ min /, " mi ", line)
-  gsub(/ only /, " o ", line)
-  gsub(/ Jan /, " Ja ", line)
-  gsub(/ Feb /, " F ", line)
-  gsub(/ Apr /, " Ap ", line)
-  gsub(/ Aug /, " Au ", line)
-  gsub(/ Sep /, " S ", line)
-  gsub(/ Oct /, " O ", line)
-  gsub(/ Nov /, " N ", line)
-  gsub(/ Dec /, " D ", line)
-
-  # Strip leading and trailing space.
-  sub(/^ /, "", line)
-  sub(/ $/, "", line)
-
-  # Remove unnecessary trailing zero fields.
-  sub(/ 0+$/, "", line)
-
-  # Remove unnecessary trailing days-of-month "1".
-  if (match(line, /[A-Za-z] 1$/))
-    line = substr(line, 1, RSTART)
-
-  # Remove unnecessary trailing " Ja" (for January).
-  sub(/ Ja$/, "", line)
-
-  n = split(line, field)
-
-  # Abbreviate rule names.
-  i = zoneline ? 4 : linkline ? 0 : 2
-  if (i && field[i] ~ /^[^-+0-9]/) {
-    if (!rule[field[i]])
-      rule[field[i]] = gen_rule_name(field[i])
-    field[i] = rule[field[i]]
-  }
-
-  # If this zone supersedes an earlier one, delete the earlier one
-  # from the saved output lines.
-  startdef = ""
-  if (zoneline)
-    zonename = startdef = field[2]
-  else if (linkline)
-    zonename = startdef = field[3]
-  else if (ruleline)
-    zonename = ""
-  if (startdef) {
-    i = zonedef[startdef]
-    if (i) {
-      do
-	output_line[i - 1] = ""
-      while (output_line[i++] ~ /^[-+0-9]/);
-    }
-  }
-  zonedef[zonename] = nout + 1
-
-  # Save the line for later output.
-  line = field[1]
-  for (i = 2; i <= n; i++)
-    line = line " " field[i]
-  output_line[nout++] = line
-}
-
-function output_saved_lines( \
-			    i)
-{
-  for (i = 0; i < nout; i++)
-    if (output_line[i])
-      print output_line[i]
-}
-
-BEGIN {
-  # Files that the output normally depends on.
-  default_dep["africa"] = 1
-  default_dep["antarctica"] = 1
-  default_dep["asia"] = 1
-  default_dep["australasia"] = 1
-  default_dep["backward"] = 1
-  default_dep["etcetera"] = 1
-  default_dep["europe"] = 1
-  default_dep["factory"] = 1
-  default_dep["northamerica"] = 1
-  default_dep["southamerica"] = 1
-  default_dep["ziguard.awk"] = 1
-  default_dep["zishrink.awk"] = 1
-
-  # Output a version string from 'version' and related configuration variables
-  # supported by tzdb's Makefile.  If you change the makefile or any other files
-  # that affect the output of this script, you should append '-SOMETHING'
-  # to the contents of 'version', where SOMETHING identifies what was changed.
-
-  ndeps = split(deps, dep)
-  ddeps = ""
-  for (i = 1; i <= ndeps; i++) {
-    if (default_dep[dep[i]]) {
-      default_dep[dep[i]]++
-    } else {
-      ddeps = ddeps " " dep[i]
-    }
-  }
-  for (d in default_dep) {
-    if (default_dep[d] == 1) {
-      ddeps = ddeps " !" d
-    }
-  }
-  print "# version", version
-  if (dataform != "main") {
-    print "# dataform", dataform
-  }
-  if (redo != "posix_right") {
-    print "# redo " redo
-  }
-  if (ddeps) {
-    print "# ddeps" ddeps
-  }
-  print "# This zic input file is in the public domain."
-
-  prehash_rule_names()
-}
-
-/^[\t ]*[^#\t ]/ {
-  process_input_line($0)
-}
-
-END {
-  output_saved_lines()
-}
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/zone.tab b/inst/tzdata/zone.tab
deleted file mode 100644
index 1f0128f3..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/zone.tab
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,451 +0,0 @@
-# tzdb timezone descriptions (deprecated version)
-#
-# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
-# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-27):
-# This file is intended as a backward-compatibility aid for older programs.
-# New programs should use zone1970.tab.  This file is like zone1970.tab (see
-# zone1970.tab's comments), but with the following additional restrictions:
-#
-# 1.  This file contains only ASCII characters.
-# 2.  The first data column contains exactly one country code.
-#
-# Because of (2), each row stands for an area that is the intersection
-# of a region identified by a country code and of a timezone where civil
-# clocks have agreed since 1970; this is a narrower definition than
-# that of zone1970.tab.
-#
-# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select timezones
-# appropriate for their practical needs.  It is not intended to take or
-# endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
-#
-#country-
-#code	coordinates	TZ			comments
-AD	+4230+00131	Europe/Andorra
-AE	+2518+05518	Asia/Dubai
-AF	+3431+06912	Asia/Kabul
-AG	+1703-06148	America/Antigua
-AI	+1812-06304	America/Anguilla
-AL	+4120+01950	Europe/Tirane
-AM	+4011+04430	Asia/Yerevan
-AO	-0848+01314	Africa/Luanda
-AQ	-7750+16636	Antarctica/McMurdo	New Zealand time - McMurdo, South Pole
-AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey
-AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis
-AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville
-AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson
-AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer
-AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera
-AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa
-AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll
-AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok
-AR	-3436-05827	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
-AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
-AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
-AR	-2411-06518	America/Argentina/Jujuy	Jujuy (JY)
-AR	-2649-06513	America/Argentina/Tucuman	Tucuman (TM)
-AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT); Chubut (CH)
-AR	-2926-06651	America/Argentina/La_Rioja	La Rioja (LR)
-AR	-3132-06831	America/Argentina/San_Juan	San Juan (SJ)
-AR	-3253-06849	America/Argentina/Mendoza	Mendoza (MZ)
-AR	-3319-06621	America/Argentina/San_Luis	San Luis (SL)
-AR	-5138-06913	America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos	Santa Cruz (SC)
-AR	-5448-06818	America/Argentina/Ushuaia	Tierra del Fuego (TF)
-AS	-1416-17042	Pacific/Pago_Pago
-AT	+4813+01620	Europe/Vienna
-AU	-3133+15905	Australia/Lord_Howe	Lord Howe Island
-AU	-5430+15857	Antarctica/Macquarie	Macquarie Island
-AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania
-AU	-3749+14458	Australia/Melbourne	Victoria
-AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales (most areas)
-AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales (Yancowinna)
-AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland (most areas)
-AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland (Whitsunday Islands)
-AU	-3455+13835	Australia/Adelaide	South Australia
-AU	-1228+13050	Australia/Darwin	Northern Territory
-AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia (most areas)
-AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia (Eucla)
-AW	+1230-06958	America/Aruba
-AX	+6006+01957	Europe/Mariehamn
-AZ	+4023+04951	Asia/Baku
-BA	+4352+01825	Europe/Sarajevo
-BB	+1306-05937	America/Barbados
-BD	+2343+09025	Asia/Dhaka
-BE	+5050+00420	Europe/Brussels
-BF	+1222-00131	Africa/Ouagadougou
-BG	+4241+02319	Europe/Sofia
-BH	+2623+05035	Asia/Bahrain
-BI	-0323+02922	Africa/Bujumbura
-BJ	+0629+00237	Africa/Porto-Novo
-BL	+1753-06251	America/St_Barthelemy
-BM	+3217-06446	Atlantic/Bermuda
-BN	+0456+11455	Asia/Brunei
-BO	-1630-06809	America/La_Paz
-BQ	+120903-0681636	America/Kralendijk
-BR	-0351-03225	America/Noronha	Atlantic islands
-BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Para (east); Amapa
-BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
-BR	-0803-03454	America/Recife	Pernambuco
-BR	-0712-04812	America/Araguaina	Tocantins
-BR	-0940-03543	America/Maceio	Alagoas, Sergipe
-BR	-1259-03831	America/Bahia	Bahia
-BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	Brazil (southeast: GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
-BR	-2027-05437	America/Campo_Grande	Mato Grosso do Sul
-BR	-1535-05605	America/Cuiaba	Mato Grosso
-BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	Para (west)
-BR	-0846-06354	America/Porto_Velho	Rondonia
-BR	+0249-06040	America/Boa_Vista	Roraima
-BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	Amazonas (east)
-BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	Amazonas (west)
-BR	-0958-06748	America/Rio_Branco	Acre
-BS	+2505-07721	America/Nassau
-BT	+2728+08939	Asia/Thimphu
-BW	-2439+02555	Africa/Gaborone
-BY	+5354+02734	Europe/Minsk
-BZ	+1730-08812	America/Belize
-CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland; Labrador (southeast)
-CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic - NS (most areas); PE
-CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton)
-CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic - New Brunswick
-CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic - Labrador (most areas)
-CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	AST - QC (Lower North Shore)
-CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern - ON, QC (most areas)
-CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern - ON, QC (no DST 1967-73)
-CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern - ON (Thunder Bay)
-CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern - NU (most east areas)
-CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern - NU (Pangnirtung)
-CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H)
-CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central - ON (west); Manitoba
-CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central - ON (Rainy R, Ft Frances)
-CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central - NU (Resolute)
-CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central - NU (central)
-CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	CST - SK (most areas)
-CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	CST - SK (midwest)
-CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain - AB; BC (E); SK (W)
-CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain - NU (west)
-CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain - NT (central)
-CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain - NT (west)
-CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston	MST - BC (Creston)
-CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
-CA	+5848-12242	America/Fort_Nelson	MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
-CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	MST - Yukon (east)
-CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	MST - Yukon (west)
-CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific - BC (most areas)
-CC	-1210+09655	Indian/Cocos
-CD	-0418+01518	Africa/Kinshasa	Dem. Rep. of Congo (west)
-CD	-1140+02728	Africa/Lubumbashi	Dem. Rep. of Congo (east)
-CF	+0422+01835	Africa/Bangui
-CG	-0416+01517	Africa/Brazzaville
-CH	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich
-CI	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
-CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
-CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	Chile (most areas)
-CL	-5309-07055	America/Punta_Arenas	Region of Magallanes
-CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
-CM	+0403+00942	Africa/Douala
-CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	Beijing Time
-CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	Xinjiang Time
-CO	+0436-07405	America/Bogota
-CR	+0956-08405	America/Costa_Rica
-CU	+2308-08222	America/Havana
-CV	+1455-02331	Atlantic/Cape_Verde
-CW	+1211-06900	America/Curacao
-CX	-1025+10543	Indian/Christmas
-CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia	Cyprus (most areas)
-CY	+3507+03357	Asia/Famagusta	Northern Cyprus
-CZ	+5005+01426	Europe/Prague
-DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	Germany (most areas)
-DE	+4742+00841	Europe/Busingen	Busingen
-DJ	+1136+04309	Africa/Djibouti
-DK	+5540+01235	Europe/Copenhagen
-DM	+1518-06124	America/Dominica
-DO	+1828-06954	America/Santo_Domingo
-DZ	+3647+00303	Africa/Algiers
-EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	Ecuador (mainland)
-EC	-0054-08936	Pacific/Galapagos	Galapagos Islands
-EE	+5925+02445	Europe/Tallinn
-EG	+3003+03115	Africa/Cairo
-EH	+2709-01312	Africa/El_Aaiun
-ER	+1520+03853	Africa/Asmara
-ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	Spain (mainland)
-ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta, Melilla
-ES	+2806-01524	Atlantic/Canary	Canary Islands
-ET	+0902+03842	Africa/Addis_Ababa
-FI	+6010+02458	Europe/Helsinki
-FJ	-1808+17825	Pacific/Fiji
-FK	-5142-05751	Atlantic/Stanley
-FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk/Truk, Yap
-FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei/Ponape
-FM	+0519+16259	Pacific/Kosrae	Kosrae
-FO	+6201-00646	Atlantic/Faroe
-FR	+4852+00220	Europe/Paris
-GA	+0023+00927	Africa/Libreville
-GB	+513030-0000731	Europe/London
-GD	+1203-06145	America/Grenada
-GE	+4143+04449	Asia/Tbilisi
-GF	+0456-05220	America/Cayenne
-GG	+492717-0023210	Europe/Guernsey
-GH	+0533-00013	Africa/Accra
-GI	+3608-00521	Europe/Gibraltar
-GL	+6411-05144	America/Nuuk	Greenland (most areas)
-GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	National Park (east coast)
-GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit
-GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule/Pituffik
-GM	+1328-01639	Africa/Banjul
-GN	+0931-01343	Africa/Conakry
-GP	+1614-06132	America/Guadeloupe
-GQ	+0345+00847	Africa/Malabo
-GR	+3758+02343	Europe/Athens
-GS	-5416-03632	Atlantic/South_Georgia
-GT	+1438-09031	America/Guatemala
-GU	+1328+14445	Pacific/Guam
-GW	+1151-01535	Africa/Bissau
-GY	+0648-05810	America/Guyana
-HK	+2217+11409	Asia/Hong_Kong
-HN	+1406-08713	America/Tegucigalpa
-HR	+4548+01558	Europe/Zagreb
-HT	+1832-07220	America/Port-au-Prince
-HU	+4730+01905	Europe/Budapest
-ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java, Sumatra
-ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	Borneo (west, central)
-ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	Borneo (east, south); Sulawesi/Celebes, Bali, Nusa Tengarra; Timor (west)
-ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	New Guinea (West Papua / Irian Jaya); Malukus/Moluccas
-IE	+5320-00615	Europe/Dublin
-IL	+314650+0351326	Asia/Jerusalem
-IM	+5409-00428	Europe/Isle_of_Man
-IN	+2232+08822	Asia/Kolkata
-IO	-0720+07225	Indian/Chagos
-IQ	+3321+04425	Asia/Baghdad
-IR	+3540+05126	Asia/Tehran
-IS	+6409-02151	Atlantic/Reykjavik
-IT	+4154+01229	Europe/Rome
-JE	+491101-0020624	Europe/Jersey
-JM	+175805-0764736	America/Jamaica
-JO	+3157+03556	Asia/Amman
-JP	+353916+1394441	Asia/Tokyo
-KE	-0117+03649	Africa/Nairobi
-KG	+4254+07436	Asia/Bishkek
-KH	+1133+10455	Asia/Phnom_Penh
-KI	+0125+17300	Pacific/Tarawa	Gilbert Islands
-KI	-0308-17105	Pacific/Enderbury	Phoenix Islands
-KI	+0152-15720	Pacific/Kiritimati	Line Islands
-KM	-1141+04316	Indian/Comoro
-KN	+1718-06243	America/St_Kitts
-KP	+3901+12545	Asia/Pyongyang
-KR	+3733+12658	Asia/Seoul
-KW	+2920+04759	Asia/Kuwait
-KY	+1918-08123	America/Cayman
-KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	Kazakhstan (most areas)
-KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda
-KZ	+5312+06337	Asia/Qostanay	Qostanay/Kostanay/Kustanay
-KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtobe/Aktobe
-KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Mangghystau/Mankistau
-KZ	+4707+05156	Asia/Atyrau	Atyrau/Atirau/Gur'yev
-KZ	+5113+05121	Asia/Oral	West Kazakhstan
-LA	+1758+10236	Asia/Vientiane
-LB	+3353+03530	Asia/Beirut
-LC	+1401-06100	America/St_Lucia
-LI	+4709+00931	Europe/Vaduz
-LK	+0656+07951	Asia/Colombo
-LR	+0618-01047	Africa/Monrovia
-LS	-2928+02730	Africa/Maseru
-LT	+5441+02519	Europe/Vilnius
-LU	+4936+00609	Europe/Luxembourg
-LV	+5657+02406	Europe/Riga
-LY	+3254+01311	Africa/Tripoli
-MA	+3339-00735	Africa/Casablanca
-MC	+4342+00723	Europe/Monaco
-MD	+4700+02850	Europe/Chisinau
-ME	+4226+01916	Europe/Podgorica
-MF	+1804-06305	America/Marigot
-MG	-1855+04731	Indian/Antananarivo
-MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	Marshall Islands (most areas)
-MH	+0905+16720	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
-MK	+4159+02126	Europe/Skopje
-ML	+1239-00800	Africa/Bamako
-MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Yangon
-MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Mongolia (most areas)
-MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Olgiy, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
-MN	+4804+11430	Asia/Choibalsan	Dornod, Sukhbaatar
-MO	+221150+1133230	Asia/Macau
-MP	+1512+14545	Pacific/Saipan
-MQ	+1436-06105	America/Martinique
-MR	+1806-01557	Africa/Nouakchott
-MS	+1643-06213	America/Montserrat
-MT	+3554+01431	Europe/Malta
-MU	-2010+05730	Indian/Mauritius
-MV	+0410+07330	Indian/Maldives
-MW	-1547+03500	Africa/Blantyre
-MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time
-MX	+2105-08646	America/Cancun	Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo
-MX	+2058-08937	America/Merida	Central Time - Campeche, Yucatan
-MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Central Time - Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (most areas)
-MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	Central Time US - Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas (US border)
-MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
-MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mountain Time - Chihuahua (most areas)
-MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border)
-MX	+2904-11058	America/Hermosillo	Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
-MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	Pacific Time US - Baja California
-MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Central Time - Bahia de Banderas
-MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	Malaysia (peninsula)
-MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah, Sarawak
-MZ	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo
-NA	-2234+01706	Africa/Windhoek
-NC	-2216+16627	Pacific/Noumea
-NE	+1331+00207	Africa/Niamey
-NF	-2903+16758	Pacific/Norfolk
-NG	+0627+00324	Africa/Lagos
-NI	+1209-08617	America/Managua
-NL	+5222+00454	Europe/Amsterdam
-NO	+5955+01045	Europe/Oslo
-NP	+2743+08519	Asia/Kathmandu
-NR	-0031+16655	Pacific/Nauru
-NU	-1901-16955	Pacific/Niue
-NZ	-3652+17446	Pacific/Auckland	New Zealand (most areas)
-NZ	-4357-17633	Pacific/Chatham	Chatham Islands
-OM	+2336+05835	Asia/Muscat
-PA	+0858-07932	America/Panama
-PE	-1203-07703	America/Lima
-PF	-1732-14934	Pacific/Tahiti	Society Islands
-PF	-0900-13930	Pacific/Marquesas	Marquesas Islands
-PF	-2308-13457	Pacific/Gambier	Gambier Islands
-PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Papua New Guinea (most areas)
-PG	-0613+15534	Pacific/Bougainville	Bougainville
-PH	+1435+12100	Asia/Manila
-PK	+2452+06703	Asia/Karachi
-PL	+5215+02100	Europe/Warsaw
-PM	+4703-05620	America/Miquelon
-PN	-2504-13005	Pacific/Pitcairn
-PR	+182806-0660622	America/Puerto_Rico
-PS	+3130+03428	Asia/Gaza	Gaza Strip
-PS	+313200+0350542	Asia/Hebron	West Bank
-PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	Portugal (mainland)
-PT	+3238-01654	Atlantic/Madeira	Madeira Islands
-PT	+3744-02540	Atlantic/Azores	Azores
-PW	+0720+13429	Pacific/Palau
-PY	-2516-05740	America/Asuncion
-QA	+2517+05132	Asia/Qatar
-RE	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion
-RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
-RS	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
-RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
-RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	MSK+00 - Moscow area
-# The obsolescent zone.tab format cannot represent Europe/Simferopol well.
-# Put it in RU section and list as UA.  See "territorial claims" above.
-# Programs should use zone1970.tab instead; see above.
-UA	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	Crimea
-RU	+5836+04939	Europe/Kirov	MSK+00 - Kirov
-RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	MSK+00 - Volgograd
-RU	+4621+04803	Europe/Astrakhan	MSK+01 - Astrakhan
-RU	+5134+04602	Europe/Saratov	MSK+01 - Saratov
-RU	+5420+04824	Europe/Ulyanovsk	MSK+01 - Ulyanovsk
-RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	MSK+01 - Samara, Udmurtia
-RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	MSK+02 - Urals
-RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	MSK+03 - Omsk
-RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	MSK+04 - Novosibirsk
-RU	+5322+08345	Asia/Barnaul	MSK+04 - Altai
-RU	+5630+08458	Asia/Tomsk	MSK+04 - Tomsk
-RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	MSK+04 - Kemerovo
-RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	MSK+04 - Krasnoyarsk area
-RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	MSK+05 - Irkutsk, Buryatia
-RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	MSK+06 - Zabaykalsky
-RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	MSK+06 - Lena River
-RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	MSK+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
-RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	MSK+07 - Amur River
-RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	MSK+07 - Oymyakonsky
-RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	MSK+08 - Magadan
-RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	MSK+08 - Sakhalin Island
-RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is
-RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	MSK+09 - Kamchatka
-RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	MSK+09 - Bering Sea
-RW	-0157+03004	Africa/Kigali
-SA	+2438+04643	Asia/Riyadh
-SB	-0932+16012	Pacific/Guadalcanal
-SC	-0440+05528	Indian/Mahe
-SD	+1536+03232	Africa/Khartoum
-SE	+5920+01803	Europe/Stockholm
-SG	+0117+10351	Asia/Singapore
-SH	-1555-00542	Atlantic/St_Helena
-SI	+4603+01431	Europe/Ljubljana
-SJ	+7800+01600	Arctic/Longyearbyen
-SK	+4809+01707	Europe/Bratislava
-SL	+0830-01315	Africa/Freetown
-SM	+4355+01228	Europe/San_Marino
-SN	+1440-01726	Africa/Dakar
-SO	+0204+04522	Africa/Mogadishu
-SR	+0550-05510	America/Paramaribo
-SS	+0451+03137	Africa/Juba
-ST	+0020+00644	Africa/Sao_Tome
-SV	+1342-08912	America/El_Salvador
-SX	+180305-0630250	America/Lower_Princes
-SY	+3330+03618	Asia/Damascus
-SZ	-2618+03106	Africa/Mbabane
-TC	+2128-07108	America/Grand_Turk
-TD	+1207+01503	Africa/Ndjamena
-TF	-492110+0701303	Indian/Kerguelen
-TG	+0608+00113	Africa/Lome
-TH	+1345+10031	Asia/Bangkok
-TJ	+3835+06848	Asia/Dushanbe
-TK	-0922-17114	Pacific/Fakaofo
-TL	-0833+12535	Asia/Dili
-TM	+3757+05823	Asia/Ashgabat
-TN	+3648+01011	Africa/Tunis
-TO	-2110-17510	Pacific/Tongatapu
-TR	+4101+02858	Europe/Istanbul
-TT	+1039-06131	America/Port_of_Spain
-TV	-0831+17913	Pacific/Funafuti
-TW	+2503+12130	Asia/Taipei
-TZ	-0648+03917	Africa/Dar_es_Salaam
-UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	Ukraine (most areas)
-UA	+4837+02218	Europe/Uzhgorod	Transcarpathia
-UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozhye and east Lugansk
-UG	+0019+03225	Africa/Kampala
-UM	+2813-17722	Pacific/Midway	Midway Islands
-UM	+1917+16637	Pacific/Wake	Wake Island
-US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern (most areas)
-US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern - MI (most areas)
-US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern - KY (Louisville area)
-US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern - KY (Wayne)
-US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern - IN (most areas)
-US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern - IN (Da, Du, K, Mn)
-US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern - IN (Pulaski)
-US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern - IN (Crawford)
-US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern - IN (Pike)
-US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern - IN (Switzerland)
-US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central (most areas)
-US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central - IN (Perry)
-US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central - IN (Starke)
-US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central - MI (Wisconsin border)
-US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central - ND (Oliver)
-US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central - ND (Morton rural)
-US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central - ND (Mercer)
-US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain (most areas)
-US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain - ID (south); OR (east)
-US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	MST - Arizona (except Navajo)
-US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific
-US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska (most areas)
-US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska - Juneau area
-US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska - Sitka area
-US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Alaska - Annette Island
-US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska - Yakutat
-US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska (west)
-US	+515248-1763929	America/Adak	Aleutian Islands
-US	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii
-UY	-345433-0561245	America/Montevideo
-UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	Uzbekistan (west)
-UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	Uzbekistan (east)
-VA	+415408+0122711	Europe/Vatican
-VC	+1309-06114	America/St_Vincent
-VE	+1030-06656	America/Caracas
-VG	+1827-06437	America/Tortola
-VI	+1821-06456	America/St_Thomas
-VN	+1045+10640	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh
-VU	-1740+16825	Pacific/Efate
-WF	-1318-17610	Pacific/Wallis
-WS	-1350-17144	Pacific/Apia
-YE	+1245+04512	Asia/Aden
-YT	-1247+04514	Indian/Mayotte
-ZA	-2615+02800	Africa/Johannesburg
-ZM	-1525+02817	Africa/Lusaka
-ZW	-1750+03103	Africa/Harare
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/zone1970.tab b/inst/tzdata/zone1970.tab
deleted file mode 100644
index 396e4d38..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/zone1970.tab
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,383 +0,0 @@
-# tzdb timezone descriptions
-#
-# This file is in the public domain.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-27):
-# This file contains a table where each row stands for a timezone where
-# civil timestamps have agreed since 1970.  Columns are separated by
-# a single tab.  Lines beginning with '#' are comments.  All text uses
-# UTF-8 encoding.  The columns of the table are as follows:
-#
-# 1.  The countries that overlap the timezone, as a comma-separated list
-#     of ISO 3166 2-character country codes.  See the file 'iso3166.tab'.
-# 2.  Latitude and longitude of the timezone's principal location
-#     in ISO 6709 sign-degrees-minutes-seconds format,
-#     either ±DDMM±DDDMM or ±DDMMSS±DDDMMSS,
-#     first latitude (+ is north), then longitude (+ is east).
-# 3.  Timezone name used in value of TZ environment variable.
-#     Please see the theory.html file for how these names are chosen.
-#     If multiple timezones overlap a country, each has a row in the
-#     table, with each column 1 containing the country code.
-# 4.  Comments; present if and only if a country has multiple timezones.
-#
-# If a timezone covers multiple countries, the most-populous city is used,
-# and that country is listed first in column 1; any other countries
-# are listed alphabetically by country code.  The table is sorted
-# first by country code, then (if possible) by an order within the
-# country that (1) makes some geographical sense, and (2) puts the
-# most populous timezones first, where that does not contradict (1).
-#
-# This table is intended as an aid for users, to help them select timezones
-# appropriate for their practical needs.  It is not intended to take or
-# endorse any position on legal or territorial claims.
-#
-#country-
-#codes	coordinates	TZ	comments
-AD	+4230+00131	Europe/Andorra
-AE,OM	+2518+05518	Asia/Dubai
-AF	+3431+06912	Asia/Kabul
-AL	+4120+01950	Europe/Tirane
-AM	+4011+04430	Asia/Yerevan
-AQ	-6617+11031	Antarctica/Casey	Casey
-AQ	-6835+07758	Antarctica/Davis	Davis
-AQ	-6640+14001	Antarctica/DumontDUrville	Dumont-d'Urville
-AQ	-6736+06253	Antarctica/Mawson	Mawson
-AQ	-6448-06406	Antarctica/Palmer	Palmer
-AQ	-6734-06808	Antarctica/Rothera	Rothera
-AQ	-690022+0393524	Antarctica/Syowa	Syowa
-AQ	-720041+0023206	Antarctica/Troll	Troll
-AQ	-7824+10654	Antarctica/Vostok	Vostok
-AR	-3436-05827	America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires	Buenos Aires (BA, CF)
-AR	-3124-06411	America/Argentina/Cordoba	Argentina (most areas: CB, CC, CN, ER, FM, MN, SE, SF)
-AR	-2447-06525	America/Argentina/Salta	Salta (SA, LP, NQ, RN)
-AR	-2411-06518	America/Argentina/Jujuy	Jujuy (JY)
-AR	-2649-06513	America/Argentina/Tucuman	Tucumán (TM)
-AR	-2828-06547	America/Argentina/Catamarca	Catamarca (CT); Chubut (CH)
-AR	-2926-06651	America/Argentina/La_Rioja	La Rioja (LR)
-AR	-3132-06831	America/Argentina/San_Juan	San Juan (SJ)
-AR	-3253-06849	America/Argentina/Mendoza	Mendoza (MZ)
-AR	-3319-06621	America/Argentina/San_Luis	San Luis (SL)
-AR	-5138-06913	America/Argentina/Rio_Gallegos	Santa Cruz (SC)
-AR	-5448-06818	America/Argentina/Ushuaia	Tierra del Fuego (TF)
-AS,UM	-1416-17042	Pacific/Pago_Pago	Samoa, Midway
-AT	+4813+01620	Europe/Vienna
-AU	-3133+15905	Australia/Lord_Howe	Lord Howe Island
-AU	-5430+15857	Antarctica/Macquarie	Macquarie Island
-AU	-4253+14719	Australia/Hobart	Tasmania
-AU	-3749+14458	Australia/Melbourne	Victoria
-AU	-3352+15113	Australia/Sydney	New South Wales (most areas)
-AU	-3157+14127	Australia/Broken_Hill	New South Wales (Yancowinna)
-AU	-2728+15302	Australia/Brisbane	Queensland (most areas)
-AU	-2016+14900	Australia/Lindeman	Queensland (Whitsunday Islands)
-AU	-3455+13835	Australia/Adelaide	South Australia
-AU	-1228+13050	Australia/Darwin	Northern Territory
-AU	-3157+11551	Australia/Perth	Western Australia (most areas)
-AU	-3143+12852	Australia/Eucla	Western Australia (Eucla)
-AZ	+4023+04951	Asia/Baku
-BB	+1306-05937	America/Barbados
-BD	+2343+09025	Asia/Dhaka
-BE	+5050+00420	Europe/Brussels
-BG	+4241+02319	Europe/Sofia
-BM	+3217-06446	Atlantic/Bermuda
-BN	+0456+11455	Asia/Brunei
-BO	-1630-06809	America/La_Paz
-BR	-0351-03225	America/Noronha	Atlantic islands
-BR	-0127-04829	America/Belem	Pará (east); Amapá
-BR	-0343-03830	America/Fortaleza	Brazil (northeast: MA, PI, CE, RN, PB)
-BR	-0803-03454	America/Recife	Pernambuco
-BR	-0712-04812	America/Araguaina	Tocantins
-BR	-0940-03543	America/Maceio	Alagoas, Sergipe
-BR	-1259-03831	America/Bahia	Bahia
-BR	-2332-04637	America/Sao_Paulo	Brazil (southeast: GO, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS)
-BR	-2027-05437	America/Campo_Grande	Mato Grosso do Sul
-BR	-1535-05605	America/Cuiaba	Mato Grosso
-BR	-0226-05452	America/Santarem	Pará (west)
-BR	-0846-06354	America/Porto_Velho	Rondônia
-BR	+0249-06040	America/Boa_Vista	Roraima
-BR	-0308-06001	America/Manaus	Amazonas (east)
-BR	-0640-06952	America/Eirunepe	Amazonas (west)
-BR	-0958-06748	America/Rio_Branco	Acre
-BS	+2505-07721	America/Nassau
-BT	+2728+08939	Asia/Thimphu
-BY	+5354+02734	Europe/Minsk
-BZ	+1730-08812	America/Belize
-CA	+4734-05243	America/St_Johns	Newfoundland; Labrador (southeast)
-CA	+4439-06336	America/Halifax	Atlantic - NS (most areas); PE
-CA	+4612-05957	America/Glace_Bay	Atlantic - NS (Cape Breton)
-CA	+4606-06447	America/Moncton	Atlantic - New Brunswick
-CA	+5320-06025	America/Goose_Bay	Atlantic - Labrador (most areas)
-CA	+5125-05707	America/Blanc-Sablon	AST - QC (Lower North Shore)
-CA	+4339-07923	America/Toronto	Eastern - ON, QC (most areas)
-CA	+4901-08816	America/Nipigon	Eastern - ON, QC (no DST 1967-73)
-CA	+4823-08915	America/Thunder_Bay	Eastern - ON (Thunder Bay)
-CA	+6344-06828	America/Iqaluit	Eastern - NU (most east areas)
-CA	+6608-06544	America/Pangnirtung	Eastern - NU (Pangnirtung)
-CA	+484531-0913718	America/Atikokan	EST - ON (Atikokan); NU (Coral H)
-CA	+4953-09709	America/Winnipeg	Central - ON (west); Manitoba
-CA	+4843-09434	America/Rainy_River	Central - ON (Rainy R, Ft Frances)
-CA	+744144-0944945	America/Resolute	Central - NU (Resolute)
-CA	+624900-0920459	America/Rankin_Inlet	Central - NU (central)
-CA	+5024-10439	America/Regina	CST - SK (most areas)
-CA	+5017-10750	America/Swift_Current	CST - SK (midwest)
-CA	+5333-11328	America/Edmonton	Mountain - AB; BC (E); SK (W)
-CA	+690650-1050310	America/Cambridge_Bay	Mountain - NU (west)
-CA	+6227-11421	America/Yellowknife	Mountain - NT (central)
-CA	+682059-1334300	America/Inuvik	Mountain - NT (west)
-CA	+4906-11631	America/Creston	MST - BC (Creston)
-CA	+5946-12014	America/Dawson_Creek	MST - BC (Dawson Cr, Ft St John)
-CA	+5848-12242	America/Fort_Nelson	MST - BC (Ft Nelson)
-CA	+6043-13503	America/Whitehorse	MST - Yukon (east)
-CA	+6404-13925	America/Dawson	MST - Yukon (west)
-CA	+4916-12307	America/Vancouver	Pacific - BC (most areas)
-CC	-1210+09655	Indian/Cocos
-CH,DE,LI	+4723+00832	Europe/Zurich	Swiss time
-CI,BF,GM,GN,ML,MR,SH,SL,SN,TG	+0519-00402	Africa/Abidjan
-CK	-2114-15946	Pacific/Rarotonga
-CL	-3327-07040	America/Santiago	Chile (most areas)
-CL	-5309-07055	America/Punta_Arenas	Region of Magallanes
-CL	-2709-10926	Pacific/Easter	Easter Island
-CN	+3114+12128	Asia/Shanghai	Beijing Time
-CN	+4348+08735	Asia/Urumqi	Xinjiang Time
-CO	+0436-07405	America/Bogota
-CR	+0956-08405	America/Costa_Rica
-CU	+2308-08222	America/Havana
-CV	+1455-02331	Atlantic/Cape_Verde
-CW,AW,BQ,SX	+1211-06900	America/Curacao
-CX	-1025+10543	Indian/Christmas
-CY	+3510+03322	Asia/Nicosia	Cyprus (most areas)
-CY	+3507+03357	Asia/Famagusta	Northern Cyprus
-CZ,SK	+5005+01426	Europe/Prague
-DE	+5230+01322	Europe/Berlin	Germany (most areas)
-DK	+5540+01235	Europe/Copenhagen
-DO	+1828-06954	America/Santo_Domingo
-DZ	+3647+00303	Africa/Algiers
-EC	-0210-07950	America/Guayaquil	Ecuador (mainland)
-EC	-0054-08936	Pacific/Galapagos	Galápagos Islands
-EE	+5925+02445	Europe/Tallinn
-EG	+3003+03115	Africa/Cairo
-EH	+2709-01312	Africa/El_Aaiun
-ES	+4024-00341	Europe/Madrid	Spain (mainland)
-ES	+3553-00519	Africa/Ceuta	Ceuta, Melilla
-ES	+2806-01524	Atlantic/Canary	Canary Islands
-FI,AX	+6010+02458	Europe/Helsinki
-FJ	-1808+17825	Pacific/Fiji
-FK	-5142-05751	Atlantic/Stanley
-FM	+0725+15147	Pacific/Chuuk	Chuuk/Truk, Yap
-FM	+0658+15813	Pacific/Pohnpei	Pohnpei/Ponape
-FM	+0519+16259	Pacific/Kosrae	Kosrae
-FO	+6201-00646	Atlantic/Faroe
-FR	+4852+00220	Europe/Paris
-GB,GG,IM,JE	+513030-0000731	Europe/London
-GE	+4143+04449	Asia/Tbilisi
-GF	+0456-05220	America/Cayenne
-GH	+0533-00013	Africa/Accra
-GI	+3608-00521	Europe/Gibraltar
-GL	+6411-05144	America/Nuuk	Greenland (most areas)
-GL	+7646-01840	America/Danmarkshavn	National Park (east coast)
-GL	+7029-02158	America/Scoresbysund	Scoresbysund/Ittoqqortoormiit
-GL	+7634-06847	America/Thule	Thule/Pituffik
-GR	+3758+02343	Europe/Athens
-GS	-5416-03632	Atlantic/South_Georgia
-GT	+1438-09031	America/Guatemala
-GU,MP	+1328+14445	Pacific/Guam
-GW	+1151-01535	Africa/Bissau
-GY	+0648-05810	America/Guyana
-HK	+2217+11409	Asia/Hong_Kong
-HN	+1406-08713	America/Tegucigalpa
-HT	+1832-07220	America/Port-au-Prince
-HU	+4730+01905	Europe/Budapest
-ID	-0610+10648	Asia/Jakarta	Java, Sumatra
-ID	-0002+10920	Asia/Pontianak	Borneo (west, central)
-ID	-0507+11924	Asia/Makassar	Borneo (east, south); Sulawesi/Celebes, Bali, Nusa Tengarra; Timor (west)
-ID	-0232+14042	Asia/Jayapura	New Guinea (West Papua / Irian Jaya); Malukus/Moluccas
-IE	+5320-00615	Europe/Dublin
-IL	+314650+0351326	Asia/Jerusalem
-IN	+2232+08822	Asia/Kolkata
-IO	-0720+07225	Indian/Chagos
-IQ	+3321+04425	Asia/Baghdad
-IR	+3540+05126	Asia/Tehran
-IS	+6409-02151	Atlantic/Reykjavik
-IT,SM,VA	+4154+01229	Europe/Rome
-JM	+175805-0764736	America/Jamaica
-JO	+3157+03556	Asia/Amman
-JP	+353916+1394441	Asia/Tokyo
-KE,DJ,ER,ET,KM,MG,SO,TZ,UG,YT	-0117+03649	Africa/Nairobi
-KG	+4254+07436	Asia/Bishkek
-KI	+0125+17300	Pacific/Tarawa	Gilbert Islands
-KI	-0308-17105	Pacific/Enderbury	Phoenix Islands
-KI	+0152-15720	Pacific/Kiritimati	Line Islands
-KP	+3901+12545	Asia/Pyongyang
-KR	+3733+12658	Asia/Seoul
-KZ	+4315+07657	Asia/Almaty	Kazakhstan (most areas)
-KZ	+4448+06528	Asia/Qyzylorda	Qyzylorda/Kyzylorda/Kzyl-Orda
-KZ	+5312+06337	Asia/Qostanay	Qostanay/Kostanay/Kustanay
-KZ	+5017+05710	Asia/Aqtobe	Aqtöbe/Aktobe
-KZ	+4431+05016	Asia/Aqtau	Mangghystaū/Mankistau
-KZ	+4707+05156	Asia/Atyrau	Atyraū/Atirau/Gur'yev
-KZ	+5113+05121	Asia/Oral	West Kazakhstan
-LB	+3353+03530	Asia/Beirut
-LK	+0656+07951	Asia/Colombo
-LR	+0618-01047	Africa/Monrovia
-LT	+5441+02519	Europe/Vilnius
-LU	+4936+00609	Europe/Luxembourg
-LV	+5657+02406	Europe/Riga
-LY	+3254+01311	Africa/Tripoli
-MA	+3339-00735	Africa/Casablanca
-MC	+4342+00723	Europe/Monaco
-MD	+4700+02850	Europe/Chisinau
-MH	+0709+17112	Pacific/Majuro	Marshall Islands (most areas)
-MH	+0905+16720	Pacific/Kwajalein	Kwajalein
-MM	+1647+09610	Asia/Yangon
-MN	+4755+10653	Asia/Ulaanbaatar	Mongolia (most areas)
-MN	+4801+09139	Asia/Hovd	Bayan-Ölgii, Govi-Altai, Hovd, Uvs, Zavkhan
-MN	+4804+11430	Asia/Choibalsan	Dornod, Sükhbaatar
-MO	+221150+1133230	Asia/Macau
-MQ	+1436-06105	America/Martinique
-MT	+3554+01431	Europe/Malta
-MU	-2010+05730	Indian/Mauritius
-MV	+0410+07330	Indian/Maldives
-MX	+1924-09909	America/Mexico_City	Central Time
-MX	+2105-08646	America/Cancun	Eastern Standard Time - Quintana Roo
-MX	+2058-08937	America/Merida	Central Time - Campeche, Yucatán
-MX	+2540-10019	America/Monterrey	Central Time - Durango; Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (most areas)
-MX	+2550-09730	America/Matamoros	Central Time US - Coahuila, Nuevo León, Tamaulipas (US border)
-MX	+2313-10625	America/Mazatlan	Mountain Time - Baja California Sur, Nayarit, Sinaloa
-MX	+2838-10605	America/Chihuahua	Mountain Time - Chihuahua (most areas)
-MX	+2934-10425	America/Ojinaga	Mountain Time US - Chihuahua (US border)
-MX	+2904-11058	America/Hermosillo	Mountain Standard Time - Sonora
-MX	+3232-11701	America/Tijuana	Pacific Time US - Baja California
-MX	+2048-10515	America/Bahia_Banderas	Central Time - Bahía de Banderas
-MY	+0310+10142	Asia/Kuala_Lumpur	Malaysia (peninsula)
-MY	+0133+11020	Asia/Kuching	Sabah, Sarawak
-MZ,BI,BW,CD,MW,RW,ZM,ZW	-2558+03235	Africa/Maputo	Central Africa Time
-NA	-2234+01706	Africa/Windhoek
-NC	-2216+16627	Pacific/Noumea
-NF	-2903+16758	Pacific/Norfolk
-NG,AO,BJ,CD,CF,CG,CM,GA,GQ,NE	+0627+00324	Africa/Lagos	West Africa Time
-NI	+1209-08617	America/Managua
-NL	+5222+00454	Europe/Amsterdam
-NO,SJ	+5955+01045	Europe/Oslo
-NP	+2743+08519	Asia/Kathmandu
-NR	-0031+16655	Pacific/Nauru
-NU	-1901-16955	Pacific/Niue
-NZ,AQ	-3652+17446	Pacific/Auckland	New Zealand time
-NZ	-4357-17633	Pacific/Chatham	Chatham Islands
-PA,KY	+0858-07932	America/Panama
-PE	-1203-07703	America/Lima
-PF	-1732-14934	Pacific/Tahiti	Society Islands
-PF	-0900-13930	Pacific/Marquesas	Marquesas Islands
-PF	-2308-13457	Pacific/Gambier	Gambier Islands
-PG	-0930+14710	Pacific/Port_Moresby	Papua New Guinea (most areas)
-PG	-0613+15534	Pacific/Bougainville	Bougainville
-PH	+1435+12100	Asia/Manila
-PK	+2452+06703	Asia/Karachi
-PL	+5215+02100	Europe/Warsaw
-PM	+4703-05620	America/Miquelon
-PN	-2504-13005	Pacific/Pitcairn
-PR	+182806-0660622	America/Puerto_Rico
-PS	+3130+03428	Asia/Gaza	Gaza Strip
-PS	+313200+0350542	Asia/Hebron	West Bank
-PT	+3843-00908	Europe/Lisbon	Portugal (mainland)
-PT	+3238-01654	Atlantic/Madeira	Madeira Islands
-PT	+3744-02540	Atlantic/Azores	Azores
-PW	+0720+13429	Pacific/Palau
-PY	-2516-05740	America/Asuncion
-QA,BH	+2517+05132	Asia/Qatar
-RE,TF	-2052+05528	Indian/Reunion	Réunion, Crozet, Scattered Islands
-RO	+4426+02606	Europe/Bucharest
-RS,BA,HR,ME,MK,SI	+4450+02030	Europe/Belgrade
-RU	+5443+02030	Europe/Kaliningrad	MSK-01 - Kaliningrad
-RU	+554521+0373704	Europe/Moscow	MSK+00 - Moscow area
-# Mention RU and UA alphabetically.  See "territorial claims" above.
-RU,UA	+4457+03406	Europe/Simferopol	Crimea
-RU	+5836+04939	Europe/Kirov	MSK+00 - Kirov
-RU	+4844+04425	Europe/Volgograd	MSK+00 - Volgograd
-RU	+4621+04803	Europe/Astrakhan	MSK+01 - Astrakhan
-RU	+5134+04602	Europe/Saratov	MSK+01 - Saratov
-RU	+5420+04824	Europe/Ulyanovsk	MSK+01 - Ulyanovsk
-RU	+5312+05009	Europe/Samara	MSK+01 - Samara, Udmurtia
-RU	+5651+06036	Asia/Yekaterinburg	MSK+02 - Urals
-RU	+5500+07324	Asia/Omsk	MSK+03 - Omsk
-RU	+5502+08255	Asia/Novosibirsk	MSK+04 - Novosibirsk
-RU	+5322+08345	Asia/Barnaul	MSK+04 - Altai
-RU	+5630+08458	Asia/Tomsk	MSK+04 - Tomsk
-RU	+5345+08707	Asia/Novokuznetsk	MSK+04 - Kemerovo
-RU	+5601+09250	Asia/Krasnoyarsk	MSK+04 - Krasnoyarsk area
-RU	+5216+10420	Asia/Irkutsk	MSK+05 - Irkutsk, Buryatia
-RU	+5203+11328	Asia/Chita	MSK+06 - Zabaykalsky
-RU	+6200+12940	Asia/Yakutsk	MSK+06 - Lena River
-RU	+623923+1353314	Asia/Khandyga	MSK+06 - Tomponsky, Ust-Maysky
-RU	+4310+13156	Asia/Vladivostok	MSK+07 - Amur River
-RU	+643337+1431336	Asia/Ust-Nera	MSK+07 - Oymyakonsky
-RU	+5934+15048	Asia/Magadan	MSK+08 - Magadan
-RU	+4658+14242	Asia/Sakhalin	MSK+08 - Sakhalin Island
-RU	+6728+15343	Asia/Srednekolymsk	MSK+08 - Sakha (E); North Kuril Is
-RU	+5301+15839	Asia/Kamchatka	MSK+09 - Kamchatka
-RU	+6445+17729	Asia/Anadyr	MSK+09 - Bering Sea
-SA,KW,YE	+2438+04643	Asia/Riyadh
-SB	-0932+16012	Pacific/Guadalcanal
-SC	-0440+05528	Indian/Mahe
-SD	+1536+03232	Africa/Khartoum
-SE	+5920+01803	Europe/Stockholm
-SG	+0117+10351	Asia/Singapore
-SR	+0550-05510	America/Paramaribo
-SS	+0451+03137	Africa/Juba
-ST	+0020+00644	Africa/Sao_Tome
-SV	+1342-08912	America/El_Salvador
-SY	+3330+03618	Asia/Damascus
-TC	+2128-07108	America/Grand_Turk
-TD	+1207+01503	Africa/Ndjamena
-TF	-492110+0701303	Indian/Kerguelen	Kerguelen, St Paul Island, Amsterdam Island
-TH,KH,LA,VN	+1345+10031	Asia/Bangkok	Indochina (most areas)
-TJ	+3835+06848	Asia/Dushanbe
-TK	-0922-17114	Pacific/Fakaofo
-TL	-0833+12535	Asia/Dili
-TM	+3757+05823	Asia/Ashgabat
-TN	+3648+01011	Africa/Tunis
-TO	-2110-17510	Pacific/Tongatapu
-TR	+4101+02858	Europe/Istanbul
-TT,AG,AI,BL,DM,GD,GP,KN,LC,MF,MS,VC,VG,VI	+1039-06131	America/Port_of_Spain
-TV	-0831+17913	Pacific/Funafuti
-TW	+2503+12130	Asia/Taipei
-UA	+5026+03031	Europe/Kiev	Ukraine (most areas)
-UA	+4837+02218	Europe/Uzhgorod	Transcarpathia
-UA	+4750+03510	Europe/Zaporozhye	Zaporozhye and east Lugansk
-UM	+1917+16637	Pacific/Wake	Wake Island
-US	+404251-0740023	America/New_York	Eastern (most areas)
-US	+421953-0830245	America/Detroit	Eastern - MI (most areas)
-US	+381515-0854534	America/Kentucky/Louisville	Eastern - KY (Louisville area)
-US	+364947-0845057	America/Kentucky/Monticello	Eastern - KY (Wayne)
-US	+394606-0860929	America/Indiana/Indianapolis	Eastern - IN (most areas)
-US	+384038-0873143	America/Indiana/Vincennes	Eastern - IN (Da, Du, K, Mn)
-US	+410305-0863611	America/Indiana/Winamac	Eastern - IN (Pulaski)
-US	+382232-0862041	America/Indiana/Marengo	Eastern - IN (Crawford)
-US	+382931-0871643	America/Indiana/Petersburg	Eastern - IN (Pike)
-US	+384452-0850402	America/Indiana/Vevay	Eastern - IN (Switzerland)
-US	+415100-0873900	America/Chicago	Central (most areas)
-US	+375711-0864541	America/Indiana/Tell_City	Central - IN (Perry)
-US	+411745-0863730	America/Indiana/Knox	Central - IN (Starke)
-US	+450628-0873651	America/Menominee	Central - MI (Wisconsin border)
-US	+470659-1011757	America/North_Dakota/Center	Central - ND (Oliver)
-US	+465042-1012439	America/North_Dakota/New_Salem	Central - ND (Morton rural)
-US	+471551-1014640	America/North_Dakota/Beulah	Central - ND (Mercer)
-US	+394421-1045903	America/Denver	Mountain (most areas)
-US	+433649-1161209	America/Boise	Mountain - ID (south); OR (east)
-US	+332654-1120424	America/Phoenix	MST - Arizona (except Navajo)
-US	+340308-1181434	America/Los_Angeles	Pacific
-US	+611305-1495401	America/Anchorage	Alaska (most areas)
-US	+581807-1342511	America/Juneau	Alaska - Juneau area
-US	+571035-1351807	America/Sitka	Alaska - Sitka area
-US	+550737-1313435	America/Metlakatla	Alaska - Annette Island
-US	+593249-1394338	America/Yakutat	Alaska - Yakutat
-US	+643004-1652423	America/Nome	Alaska (west)
-US	+515248-1763929	America/Adak	Aleutian Islands
-US,UM	+211825-1575130	Pacific/Honolulu	Hawaii
-UY	-345433-0561245	America/Montevideo
-UZ	+3940+06648	Asia/Samarkand	Uzbekistan (west)
-UZ	+4120+06918	Asia/Tashkent	Uzbekistan (east)
-VE	+1030-06656	America/Caracas
-VN	+1045+10640	Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh	Vietnam (south)
-VU	-1740+16825	Pacific/Efate
-WF	-1318-17610	Pacific/Wallis
-WS	-1350-17144	Pacific/Apia
-ZA,LS,SZ	-2615+02800	Africa/Johannesburg
diff --git a/inst/tzdata/zoneinfo2tdf.pl b/inst/tzdata/zoneinfo2tdf.pl
deleted file mode 100755
index 176fce92..00000000
--- a/inst/tzdata/zoneinfo2tdf.pl
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-#! /usr/bin/perl -w
-# Summarize .zi input in a .zi-like format.
-
-# Courtesy Ken Pizzini.
-
-use strict;
-
-#This file released to the public domain.
-
-# Note: error checking is poor; trust the output only if the input
-# has been checked by zic.
-
-my $contZone = '';
-while (<>) {
-  my $origline = $_;
-  my @fields = ();
-  while (s/^\s*((?:"[^"]*"|[^\s#])+)//) {
-    push @fields, $1;
-  }
-  next unless @fields;
-
-  my $type = lc($fields[0]);
-  if ($contZone) {
-    @fields >= 3 or warn "bad continuation line";
-    unshift @fields, '+', $contZone;
-    $type = 'zone';
-  }
-
-  $contZone = '';
-  if ($type eq 'zone') {
-    # Zone  NAME  STDOFF  RULES/SAVE  FORMAT  [UNTIL]
-    my $nfields = @fields;
-    $nfields >= 5 or warn "bad zone line";
-    if ($nfields > 6) {
-      #this splice is optional, depending on one's preference
-      #(one big date-time field, or componentized date and time):
-      splice(@fields, 5, $nfields-5, "@fields[5..$nfields-1]");
-    }
-    $contZone = $fields[1] if @fields > 5;
-  } elsif ($type eq 'rule') {
-    # Rule  NAME  FROM  TO  -  IN  ON  AT  SAVE  LETTER/S
-    @fields == 10 or warn "bad rule line";
-  } elsif ($type eq 'link') {
-    # Link  TARGET  LINK-NAME
-    @fields == 3 or warn "bad link line";
-  } elsif ($type eq 'leap') {
-    # Leap  YEAR  MONTH  DAY  HH:MM:SS  CORR  R/S
-    @fields == 7 or warn "bad leap line";
-  } else {
-    warn "Fubar at input line $.: $origline";
-  }
-  print join("\t", @fields), "\n";
-}

From aa2033adb0d7ab2f415c644fa51205bef967f732 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: DavisVaughan 
Date: Mon, 1 Mar 2021 13:17:45 -0500
Subject: [PATCH 3/3] Swap from DavisVaughan to r-lib

---
 DESCRIPTION | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/DESCRIPTION b/DESCRIPTION
index dc5fa1ea..91978a97 100644
--- a/DESCRIPTION
+++ b/DESCRIPTION
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ LinkingTo:
 VignetteBuilder: 
     knitr
 Remotes:
-    DavisVaughan/tzdb,
+    r-lib/tzdb,
     r-lib/vctrs
 Config/testthat/edition: 3
 Encoding: UTF-8