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CHANGELOG
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CHANGELOG
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*2.1.0 RC1 (May 11th, 2008)*
* Ensure hm:t preloading honours reflection options. Resolves #137. [Frederick Cheung]
* Added protection against duplicate migration names (Aslak Hellesøy) [#112]
* Base#instantiate_time_object: eliminate check for Time.zone, since we can assume this is set if time_zone_aware_attributes is set to true [Geoff Buesing]
* Time zone aware attribute methods use Time.zone.parse instead of #to_time for String arguments, so that offset information in String is respected. Resolves #105. [Scott Fleckenstein, Geoff Buesing]
* Added change_table for migrations (Jeff Dean) [#71]. Example:
change_table :videos do |t|
t.timestamps # adds created_at, updated_at
t.belongs_to :goat # add goat_id integer
t.string :name, :email, :limit => 20 # adds name and email both with a 20 char limit
t.remove :name, :email # removes the name and email columns
end
* Fixed has_many :through .create with no parameters caused a "can't dup NilClass" error (Steven Soroka) [#85]
* Added block-setting of attributes for Base.create like Base.new already has (Adam Meehan) [#39]
* Fixed that pessimistic locking you reference the quoted table name (Josh Susser) [#67]
* Fixed that change_column should be able to use :null => true on a field that formerly had false [Nate Wiger] [#26]
* Added that the MySQL adapter should map integer to either smallint, int, or bigint depending on the :limit just like PostgreSQL [DHH]
* Change validates_uniqueness_of :case_sensitive option default back to true (from [9160]). Love your database columns, don't LOWER them. [rick]
* Add support for interleaving migrations by storing which migrations have run in the new schema_migrations table. Closes #11493 [jordi]
* ActiveRecord::Base#sum defaults to 0 if no rows are returned. Closes #11550 [kamal]
* Ensure that respond_to? considers dynamic finder methods. Closes #11538. [floehopper]
* Ensure that save on parent object fails for invalid has_one association. Closes #10518. [Pratik]
* Remove duplicate code from associations. [Pratik]
* Refactor HasManyThroughAssociation to inherit from HasManyAssociation. Association callbacks and <association>_ids= now work with hm:t. #11516 [rubyruy]
* Ensure HABTM#create and HABTM#build do not load entire association. [Pratik]
* Improve documentation. [Xavier Noria, Jack Danger Canty, leethal]
* Tweak ActiveRecord::Base#to_json to include a root value in the returned hash: {"post": {"title": ...}} [rick]
Post.find(1).to_json # => {"title": ...}
config.active_record.include_root_in_json = true
Post.find(1).to_json # => {"post": {"title": ...}}
* Add efficient #include? to AssociationCollection (for has_many/has_many :through/habtm). [stopdropandrew]
* PostgreSQL: create_ and drop_database support. #9042 [ez, pedz, nicksieger]
* Ensure that validates_uniqueness_of works with with_scope. Closes #9235. [nik.wakelin, cavalle]
* Partial updates include only unsaved attributes. Off by default; set YourClass.partial_updates = true to enable. [Jeremy Kemper]
* Removing unnecessary uses_tzinfo helper from tests, given that TZInfo is now bundled [Geoff Buesing]
* Fixed that validates_size_of :within works in associations #11295, #10019 [cavalle]
* Track changes to unsaved attributes. [Jeremy Kemper]
* Switched to UTC-timebased version numbers for migrations and the schema. This will as good as eliminate the problem of multiple migrations getting the same version assigned in different branches. Also added rake db:migrate:up/down to apply individual migrations that may need to be run when you merge branches #11458 [jbarnette]
* Fixed that has_many :through would ignore the hash conditions #11447 [miloops]
* Fix issue where the :uniq option of a has_many :through association is ignored when find(:all) is called. Closes #9407 [cavalle]
* Fix duplicate table alias error when including an association with a has_many :through association on the same join table. Closes #7310 [cavalle]
* More efficient association preloading code that compacts a through_records array in a central location. Closes #11427 [danger]
* Improve documentation. [Radar, Jan De Poorter, chuyeow, xaviershay, danger, miloops, Xavier Noria, Sunny Ripert]
* Fixed that ActiveRecord#Base.find_or_create/initialize would not honor attr_protected/accessible when used with a hash #11422 [miloops]
* Added ActiveRecord#Base.all/first/last as aliases for find(:all/:first/:last) #11413 [nkallen, thechrisoshow]
* Merge the has_finder gem, renamed as 'named_scope'. #11404 [nkallen]
class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
named_scope :published, :conditions => {:published => true}
named_scope :popular, :conditions => ...
end
Article.published.paginate(:page => 1)
Article.published.popular.count
Article.popular.find(:first)
Article.popular.find(:all, :conditions => {...})
See http://pivots.pivotallabs.com/users/nick/blog/articles/284-hasfinder-it-s-now-easier-than-ever-to-create-complex-re-usable-sql-queries
* Add has_one :through support. #4756 [thechrisoshow]
* Migrations: create_table supports primary_key_prefix_type. #10314 [student, thechrisoshow]
* Added logging for dependency load errors with fixtures #11056 [stuthulhu]
* Time zone aware attributes use Time#in_time_zone [Geoff Buesing]
* Fixed that scoped joins would not always be respected #6821 [Theory/Danger]
* Ensure that ActiveRecord::Calculations disambiguates field names with the table name. #11027 [cavalle]
* Added add/remove_timestamps to the schema statements for adding the created_at/updated_at columns on existing tables #11129 [jramirez]
* Added ActiveRecord::Base.find(:last) #11338 [miloops]
* test_native_types expects DateTime.local_offset instead of DateTime.now.offset; fixes test breakage due to dst transition [Geoff Buesing]
* Add :readonly option to HasManyThrough associations. #11156 [miloops]
* Improve performance on :include/:conditions/:limit queries by selectively joining in the pre-query. #9560 [dasil003]
* Perf fix: Avoid the use of named block arguments. Closes #11109 [adymo]
* PostgreSQL: support server versions 7.4 through 8.0 and the ruby-pg driver. #11127 [jdavis]
* Ensure association preloading doesn't break when an association returns nil. ##11145 [GMFlash]
* Make dynamic finders respect the :include on HasManyThrough associations. #10998. [cpytel]
* Base#instantiate_time_object only uses Time.zone when Base.time_zone_aware_attributes is true; leverages Time#time_with_datetime_fallback for readability [Geoff Buesing]
* Refactor ConnectionAdapters::Column.new_time: leverage DateTime failover behavior of Time#time_with_datetime_fallback [Geoff Buesing]
* Improve associations performance by using symbol callbacks instead of string callbacks. #11108 [adymo]
* Optimise the BigDecimal conversion code. #11110 [adymo]
* Introduce the :readonly option to all associations. Records from the association cannot be saved. #11084 [miloops]
* Multiparameter attributes for time columns fail over to DateTime when out of range of Time [Geoff Buesing]
* Base#instantiate_time_object uses Time.zone.local() [Geoff Buesing]
* Add timezone-aware attribute readers and writers. #10982 [Geoff Buesing]
* Instantiating time objects in multiparameter attributes uses Time.zone if available. #10982 [rick]
* Add note about how ActiveRecord::Observer classes are initialized in a Rails app. #10980 [fxn]
* MySQL: omit text/blob defaults from the schema instead of using an empty string. #10963 [mdeiters]
* belongs_to supports :dependent => :destroy and :delete. #10592 [Jonathan Viney]
* Introduce preload query strategy for eager :includes. #9640 [Frederick Cheung, Aleksey Kondratenko, codafoo]
* Support aggregations in finder conditions. #10572 [Ryan Kinderman]
* Organize and clean up the Active Record test suite. #10742 [John Barnette]
* Ensure that modifying has_and_belongs_to_many actions clear the query cache. Closes #10840 [john.andrews]
* Fix issue where Table#references doesn't pass a :null option to a *_type attribute for polymorphic associations. Closes #10753 [railsjitsu]
* Fixtures: removed support for the ancient pre-YAML file format. #10736 [John Barnette]
* More thoroughly quote table names. #10698 [dimdenis, lotswholetime, Jeremy Kemper]
* update_all ignores scoped :order and :limit, so post.comments.update_all doesn't try to include the comment order in the update statement. #10686 [Brendan Ribera]
* Added ActiveRecord::Base.cache_key to make it easier to cache Active Records in combination with the new ActiveSupport::Cache::* libraries [DHH]
* Make sure CSV fixtures are compatible with ruby 1.9's new csv implementation. [JEG2]
* Added by parameter to increment, decrement, and their bang varieties so you can do player1.increment!(:points, 5) #10542 [Sam]
* Optimize ActiveRecord::Base#exists? to use #select_all instead of #find. Closes #10605 [jamesh, fcheung, protocool]
* Don't unnecessarily load has_many associations in after_update callbacks. Closes #6822 [stopdropandrew, canadaduane]
* Eager belongs_to :include infers the foreign key from the association name rather than the class name. #10517 [Jonathan Viney]
* SQLite: fix rename_ and remove_column for columns with unique indexes. #10576 [Brandon Keepers]
* Ruby 1.9 compatibility. #10655 [Jeremy Kemper, Dirkjan Bussink]
*2.0.2* (December 16th, 2007)
* Ensure optimistic locking handles nil #lock_version values properly. Closes #10510 [rick]
* Make the Fixtures Test::Unit enhancements more supporting for double-loaded test cases. Closes #10379 [brynary]
* Fix that validates_acceptance_of still works for non-existent tables (useful for bootstrapping new databases). Closes #10474 [hasmanyjosh]
* Ensure that the :uniq option for has_many :through associations retains the order. #10463 [remvee]
* Base.exists? doesn't rescue exceptions to avoid hiding SQL errors. #10458 [Michael Klishin]
* Documentation: Active Record exceptions, destroy_all and delete_all. #10444, #10447 [Michael Klishin]
*2.0.1* (December 7th, 2007)
* Removed query cache rescue as it could cause code to be run twice (closes #10408) [DHH]
*2.0.0* (December 6th, 2007)
* Anchor DateTimeTest to fixed DateTime instead of a variable value based on Time.now#advance#to_datetime, so that this test passes on 64-bit platforms running Ruby 1.8.6+ [Geoff Buesing]
* Fixed that the Query Cache should just be ignored if the database is misconfigured (so that the "About your applications environment" works even before the database has been created) [DHH]
* Fixed that the truncation of strings longer than 50 chars should use inspect
so newlines etc are escaped #10385 [Norbert Crombach]
* Fixed that habtm associations should be able to set :select as part of their definition and have that honored [DHH]
* Document how the :include option can be used in Calculations::calculate. Closes #7446 [adamwiggins, ultimoamore]
* Fix typo in documentation for polymorphic associations w/STI. Closes #7461 [johnjosephbachir]
* Reveal that the type option in migrations can be any supported column type for your database but also include caveat about agnosticism. Closes #7531 [adamwiggins, mikong]
* More complete documentation for find_by_sql. Closes #7912 [fearoffish]
* Added ActiveRecord::Base#becomes to turn a record into one of another class (mostly relevant for STIs) [DHH]. Example:
render :partial => @client.becomes(Company) # renders companies/company instead of clients/client
* Fixed that to_xml should not automatically pass :procs to associations included with :include #10162 [Cheah Chu Yeow]
* Fix documentation typo introduced in [8250]. Closes #10339 [Henrik N]
* Foxy fixtures: support single-table inheritance. #10234 [tom]
* Foxy fixtures: allow mixed usage to make migration easier and more attractive. #10004 [lotswholetime]
* Make the record_timestamps class-inheritable so it can be set per model. #10004 [tmacedo]
* Allow validates_acceptance_of to use a real attribute instead of only virtual (so you can record that the acceptance occured) #7457 [ambethia]
* DateTimes use Ruby's default calendar reform setting. #10201 [Geoff Buesing]
* Dynamic finders on association collections respect association :order and :limit. #10211, #10227 [Patrick Joyce, Rick Olson, Jack Danger Canty]
* Add 'foxy' support for fixtures of polymorphic associations. #10183 [John Barnette, David Lowenfels]
* validates_inclusion_of and validates_exclusion_of allow formatted :message strings. #8132 [devrieda, Mike Naberezny]
* attr_readonly behaves well with optimistic locking. #10188 [Nick Bugajski]
* Base#to_xml supports the nil="true" attribute like Hash#to_xml. #8268 [Catfish]
* Change plings to the more conventional quotes in the documentation. Closes #10104 [danger]
* Fix HasManyThrough Association so it uses :conditions on the HasMany Association. Closes #9729 [danger]
* Ensure that column names are quoted. Closes #10134 [wesley.moxam]
* Smattering of grammatical fixes to documentation. Closes #10083 [BobSilva]
* Enhance explanation with more examples for attr_accessible macro. Closes #8095 [fearoffish, Marcel Molina]
* Update association/method mapping table to refected latest collection methods for has_many :through. Closes #8772 [Pratik Naik]
* Explain semantics of having several different AR instances in a transaction block. Closes #9036 [jacobat, Marcel Molina]
* Update Schema documentation to use updated sexy migration notation. Closes #10086 [sjgman9]
* Make fixtures work with the new test subclasses. [Tarmo Tänav, Koz]
* Introduce finder :joins with associations. Same :include syntax but with inner rather than outer joins. #10012 [RubyRedRick]
# Find users with an avatar
User.find(:all, :joins => :avatar)
# Find posts with a high-rated comment.
Post.find(:all, :joins => :comments, :conditions => 'comments.rating > 3')
* Associations: speedup duplicate record check. #10011 [Pratik Naik]
* Make sure that << works on has_many associations on unsaved records. Closes #9989 [hasmanyjosh]
* Allow association redefinition in subclasses. #9346 [wildchild]
* Fix has_many :through delete with custom foreign keys. #6466 [naffis]
* Foxy fixtures, from rathole (http://svn.geeksomnia.com/rathole/trunk/README)
- stable, autogenerated IDs
- specify associations (belongs_to, has_one, has_many) by label, not ID
- specify HABTM associations as inline lists
- autofill timestamp columns
- support YAML defaults
- fixture label interpolation
Enabled for fixtures that correspond to a model class and don't specify a primary key value. #9981 [John Barnette]
* Add docs explaining how to protect all attributes using attr_accessible with no arguments. Closes #9631 [boone, rmm5t]
* Update add_index documentation to use new options api. Closes #9787 [Kamal Fariz Mahyuddin]
* Allow find on a has_many association defined with :finder_sql to accept id arguments as strings like regular find does. Closes #9916 [krishna]
* Use VALID_FIND_OPTIONS when resolving :find scoping rather than hard coding the list of valid find options. Closes #9443 [sur]
* Limited eager loading no longer ignores scoped :order. Closes #9561 [danger, Josh Peek]
* Assigning an instance of a foreign class to a composed_of aggregate calls an optional conversion block. Refactor and simplify composed_of implementation. #6322 [brandon, Chris Cruft]
* Assigning nil to a composed_of aggregate also sets its immediate value to nil. #9843 [Chris Cruft]
* Ensure that mysql quotes table names with database names correctly. Closes #9911 [crayz]
"foo.bar" => "`foo`.`bar`"
* Complete the assimilation of Sexy Migrations from ErrFree [Chris Wanstrath, PJ Hyett]
http://errtheblog.com/post/2381
* Qualified column names work in hash conditions, like :conditions => { 'comments.created_at' => ... }. #9733 [danger]
* Fix regression where the association would not construct new finder SQL on save causing bogus queries for "WHERE owner_id = NULL" even after owner was saved. #8713 [Bryan Helmkamp]
* Refactor association create and build so before & after callbacks behave consistently. #8854 [Pratik Naik, mortent]
* Quote table names. Defaults to column quoting. #4593 [Justin Lynn, gwcoffey, eadz, Dmitry V. Sabanin, Jeremy Kemper]
* Alias association #build to #new so it behaves predictably. #8787 [Pratik Naik]
* Add notes to documentation regarding attr_readonly behavior with counter caches and polymorphic associations. Closes #9835 [saimonmoore, rick]
* Observers can observe model names as symbols properly now. Closes #9869 [queso]
* find_and_(initialize|create)_by methods can now properly initialize protected attributes [Tobias Luetke]
* belongs_to infers the foreign key from the association name instead of from the class name. [Jeremy Kemper]
* PostgreSQL: support multiline default values. #7533 [Carl Lerche, aguynamedryan, Rein Henrichs, Tarmo Tänav]
* MySQL: fix change_column on not-null columns that don't accept dfeault values of ''. #6663 [Jonathan Viney, Tarmo Tänav]
* validates_uniqueness_of behaves well with abstract superclasses and
single-table inheritance. #3833, #9886 [Gabriel Gironda, rramdas, François Beausoleil, Josh Peek, Tarmo Tänav, pat]
* Warn about protected attribute assigments in development and test environments when mass-assigning to an attr_protected attribute. #9802 [Henrik N]
* Speedup database date/time parsing. [Jeremy Kemper, Tarmo Tänav]
* Fix calling .clear on a has_many :dependent=>:delete_all association. [Tarmo Tänav]
* Allow change_column to set NOT NULL in the PostgreSQL adapter [Tarmo Tänav]
* Fix that ActiveRecord would create attribute methods and override custom attribute getters if the method is also defined in Kernel.methods. [Rick]
* Don't call attr_readonly on polymorphic belongs_to associations, in case it matches the name of some other non-ActiveRecord class/module. [Rick]
* Try loading activerecord-<adaptername>-adapter gem before trying a plain require so you can use custom gems for the bundled adapters. Also stops gems from requiring an adapter from an old Active Record gem. [Jeremy Kemper, Derrick Spell]
*2.0.0 [Preview Release]* (September 29th, 2007) [Includes duplicates of changes from 1.14.2 - 1.15.3]
* Add attr_readonly to specify columns that are skipped during a normal ActiveRecord #save operation. Closes #6896 [dcmanges]
class Comment < ActiveRecord::Base
# Automatically sets Article#comments_count as readonly.
belongs_to :article, :counter_cache => :comments_count
end
class Article < ActiveRecord::Base
attr_readonly :approved_comments_count
end
* Make size for has_many :through use counter cache if it exists. Closes #9734 [xaviershay]
* Remove DB2 adapter since IBM chooses to maintain their own adapter instead. [Jeremy Kemper]
* Extract Oracle, SQLServer, and Sybase adapters into gems. [Jeremy Kemper]
* Added fixture caching that'll speed up a normal fixture-powered test suite between 50% and 100% #9682 [Frederick Cheung]
* Correctly quote id list for limited eager loading. #7482 [tmacedo]
* Fixed that using version-targetted migrates would fail on loggers other than the default one #7430 [valeksenko]
* Fixed rename_column for SQLite when using symbols for the column names #8616 [drodriguez]
* Added the possibility of using symbols in addition to concrete classes with ActiveRecord::Observer#observe. #3998 [Robby Russell, Tarmo Tänav]
* Added ActiveRecord::Base#to_json/from_json [DHH, Cheah Chu Yeow]
* Added ActiveRecord::Base#from_xml [DHH]. Example:
xml = "<person><name>David</name></person>"
Person.new.from_xml(xml).name # => "David"
* Define dynamic finders as real methods after first usage. [bscofield]
* Deprecation: remove deprecated threaded_connections methods. Use allow_concurrency instead. [Jeremy Kemper]
* Associations macros accept extension blocks alongside modules. #9346 [Josh Peek]
* Speed up and simplify query caching. [Jeremy Kemper]
* connection.select_rows 'sql' returns an array (rows) of arrays (field values). #2329 [Michael Schuerig]
* Eager loading respects explicit :joins. #9496 [dasil003]
* Extract Firebird, FrontBase, and OpenBase adapters into gems. #9508, #9509, #9510 [Jeremy Kemper]
* RubyGem database adapters: expects a gem named activerecord-<database>-adapter with active_record/connection_adapters/<database>_adapter.rb in its load path. [Jeremy Kemper]
* Fixed that altering join tables in migrations would fail w/ sqlite3 #7453 [TimoMihaljov/brandon]
* Fix association writer with :dependent => :nullify. #7314 [Jonathan Viney]
* OpenBase: update for new lib and latest Rails. Support migrations. #8748 [dcsesq]
* Moved acts_as_tree into a plugin of the same name on the official Rails svn. #9514 [Pratik Naik]
* Moved acts_as_nested_set into a plugin of the same name on the official Rails svn. #9516 [Josh Peek]
* Moved acts_as_list into a plugin of the same name on the official Rails svn. [Josh Peek]
* Explicitly require active_record/query_cache before using it. [Jeremy Kemper]
* Fix bug where unserializing an attribute attempts to modify a frozen @attributes hash for a deleted record. [Rick, marclove]
* Performance: absorb instantiate and initialize_with_callbacks into the Base methods. [Jeremy Kemper]
* Fixed that eager loading queries and with_scope should respect the :group option [DHH]
* Improve performance and functionality of the postgresql adapter. Closes #8049 [roderickvd]
For more information see: http://dev.rubyonrails.org/ticket/8049
* Don't clobber includes passed to has_many.count [danger]
* Make sure has_many uses :include when counting [danger]
* Change the implementation of ActiveRecord's attribute reader and writer methods [nzkoz]
- Generate Reader and Writer methods which cache attribute values in hashes. This is to avoid repeatedly parsing the same date or integer columns.
- Change exception raised when users use find with :select then try to access a skipped column. Plugins could override missing_attribute() to lazily load the columns.
- Move method definition to the class, instead of the instance
- Always generate the readers, writers and predicate methods.
* Perform a deep #dup on query cache results so that modifying activerecord attributes does not modify the cached attributes. [Rick]
# Ensure that has_many :through associations use a count query instead of loading the target when #size is called. Closes #8800 [Pratik Naik]
* Added :unless clause to validations #8003 [monki]. Example:
def using_open_id?
!identity_url.blank?
end
validates_presence_of :identity_url, :if => using_open_id?
validates_presence_of :username, :unless => using_open_id?
validates_presence_of :password, :unless => using_open_id?
* Fix #count on a has_many :through association so that it recognizes the :uniq option. Closes #8801 [Pratik Naik]
* Fix and properly document/test count(column_name) usage. Closes #8999 [Pratik Naik]
* Remove deprecated count(conditions=nil, joins=nil) usage. Closes #8993 [Pratik Naik]
* Change belongs_to so that the foreign_key assumption is taken from the association name, not the class name. Closes #8992 [hasmanyjosh]
OLD
belongs_to :visitor, :class_name => 'User' # => inferred foreign_key is user_id
NEW
belongs_to :visitor, :class_name => 'User' # => inferred foreign_key is visitor_id
* Remove spurious tests from deprecated_associations_test, most of these aren't deprecated, and are duplicated in associations_test. Closes #8987 [Pratik Naik]
* Make create! on a has_many :through association return the association object. Not the collection. Closes #8786 [Pratik Naik]
* Move from select * to select tablename.* to avoid clobbering IDs. Closes #8889 [dasil003]
* Don't call unsupported methods on associated objects when using :include, :method with to_xml #7307, [manfred, jwilger]
* Define collection singular ids method for has_many :through associations. #8763 [Pratik Naik]
* Array attribute conditions work with proxied association collections. #8318 [Kamal Fariz Mahyuddin, theamazingrando]
* Fix polymorphic has_one associations declared in an abstract class. #8638 [Pratik Naik, Dax Huiberts]
* Fixed validates_associated should not stop on the first error. #4276 [mrj, Manfred Stienstra, Josh Peek]
* Rollback if commit raises an exception. #8642 [kik, Jeremy Kemper]
* Update tests' use of fixtures for the new collections api. #8726 [Kamal Fariz Mahyuddin]
* Save associated records only if the association is already loaded. #8713 [blaine]
* MySQL: fix show_variable. #8448 [matt, Jeremy Kemper]
* Fixtures: correctly delete and insert fixtures in a single transaction. #8553 [Michael Schuerig]
* Fixtures: people(:technomancy, :josh) returns both fixtures. #7880 [technomancy, Josh Peek]
* Calculations support non-numeric foreign keys. #8154 [Kamal Fariz Mahyuddin]
* with_scope is protected. #8524 [Josh Peek]
* Quickref for association methods. #7723 [marclove, Mindsweeper]
* Calculations: return nil average instead of 0 when there are no rows to average. #8298 [davidw]
* acts_as_nested_set: direct_children is sorted correctly. #4761 [Josh Peek, rails@33lc0.net]
* Raise an exception if both attr_protected and attr_accessible are declared. #8507 [stellsmi]
* SQLite, MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle: quote column names in column migration SQL statements. #8466 [marclove, lorenjohnson]
* Allow nil serialized attributes with a set class constraint. #7293 [sandofsky]
* Oracle: support binary fixtures. #7987 [Michael Schoen]
* Fixtures: pull fixture insertion into the database adapters. #7987 [Michael Schoen]
* Announce migration versions as they're performed. [Jeremy Kemper]
* find gracefully copes with blank :conditions. #7599 [Dan Manges, johnnyb]
* validates_numericality_of takes :greater_than, :greater_than_or_equal_to, :equal_to, :less_than, :less_than_or_equal_to, :odd, and :even options. #3952 [Bob Silva, Dan Kubb, Josh Peek]
* MySQL: create_database takes :charset and :collation options. Charset defaults to utf8. #8448 [matt]
* Find with a list of ids supports limit/offset. #8437 [hrudududu]
* Optimistic locking: revert the lock version when an update fails. #7840 [plang]
* Migrations: add_column supports custom column types. #7742 [jsgarvin, Theory]
* Load database adapters on demand. Eliminates config.connection_adapters and RAILS_CONNECTION_ADAPTERS. Add your lib directory to the $LOAD_PATH and put your custom adapter in lib/active_record/connection_adapters/adaptername_adapter.rb. This way you can provide custom adapters as plugins or gems without modifying Rails. [Jeremy Kemper]
* Ensure that associations with :dependent => :delete_all respect :conditions option. Closes #8034 [danger, Josh Peek, Rick]
* belongs_to assignment creates a new proxy rather than modifying its target in-place. #8412 [mmangino@elevatedrails.com]
* Fix column type detection while loading fixtures. Closes #7987 [roderickvd]
* Document deep eager includes. #6267 [Josh Susser, Dan Manges]
* Document warning that associations names shouldn't be reserved words. #4378 [murphy@cYcnus.de, Josh Susser]
* Sanitize Base#inspect. #8392, #8623 [Nik Wakelin, jnoon]
* Replace the transaction {|transaction|..} semantics with a new Exception ActiveRecord::Rollback. [Koz]
* Oracle: extract column length for CHAR also. #7866 [ymendel]
* Document :allow_nil option for validates_acceptance_of since it defaults to true. [tzaharia]
* Update documentation for :dependent declaration so that it explicitly uses the non-deprecated API. [danger]
* Add documentation caveat about when to use count_by_sql. [fearoffish]
* Enhance documentation for increment_counter and decrement_counter. [fearoffish]
* Provide brief introduction to what optimistic locking is. [fearoffish]
* Add documentation for :encoding option to mysql adapter. [marclove]
* Added short-hand declaration style to migrations (inspiration from Sexy Migrations, http://errtheblog.com/post/2381) [DHH]. Example:
create_table "products" do |t|
t.column "shop_id", :integer
t.column "creator_id", :integer
t.column "name", :string, :default => "Untitled"
t.column "value", :string, :default => "Untitled"
t.column "created_at", :datetime
t.column "updated_at", :datetime
end
...can now be written as:
create_table :products do |t|
t.integer :shop_id, :creator_id
t.string :name, :value, :default => "Untitled"
t.timestamps
end
* Use association name for the wrapper element when using .to_xml. Previous behavior lead to non-deterministic situations with STI and polymorphic associations. [Koz, jstrachan]
* Improve performance of calling .create on has_many :through associations. [evan]
* Improved cloning performance by relying less on exception raising #8159 [Blaine]
* Added ActiveRecord::Base.inspect to return a column-view like #<Post id:integer, title:string, body:text> [DHH]
* Added yielding of Builder instance for ActiveRecord::Base#to_xml calls [DHH]
* Small additions and fixes for ActiveRecord documentation. Closes #7342 [jeremymcanally]
* Add helpful debugging info to the ActiveRecord::StatementInvalid exception in ActiveRecord::ConnectionAdapters::SqliteAdapter#table_structure. Closes #7925. [court3nay]
* SQLite: binary escaping works with $KCODE='u'. #7862 [tsuka]
* Base#to_xml supports serialized attributes. #7502 [jonathan]
* Base.update_all :order and :limit options. Useful for MySQL updates that must be ordered to avoid violating unique constraints. [Jeremy Kemper]
* Remove deprecated object transactions. People relying on this functionality should install the object_transactions plugin at http://code.bitsweat.net/svn/object_transactions. Closes #5637 [Koz, Jeremy Kemper]
* PostgreSQL: remove DateTime -> Time downcast. Warning: do not enable translate_results for the C bindings if you have timestamps outside Time's domain. [Jeremy Kemper]
* find_or_create_by_* takes a hash so you can create with more attributes than are in the method name. For example, Person.find_or_create_by_name(:name => 'Henry', :comments => 'Hi new user!') is equivalent to Person.find_by_name('Henry') || Person.create(:name => 'Henry', :comments => 'Hi new user!'). #7368 [Josh Susser]
* Make sure with_scope takes both :select and :joins into account when setting :readonly. Allows you to save records you retrieve using method_missing on a has_many :through associations. [Koz]
* Allow a polymorphic :source for has_many :through associations. Closes #7143 [protocool]
* Consistent public/protected/private visibility for chained methods. #7813 [Dan Manges]
* Oracle: fix quoted primary keys and datetime overflow. #7798 [Michael Schoen]
* Consistently quote primary key column names. #7763 [toolmantim]
* Fixtures: fix YAML ordered map support. #2665 [Manuel Holtgrewe, nfbuckley]
* DateTimes assume the default timezone. #7764 [Geoff Buesing]
* Sybase: hide timestamp columns since they're inherently read-only. #7716 [Mike Joyce]
* Oracle: overflow Time to DateTime. #7718 [Michael Schoen]
* PostgreSQL: don't use async_exec and async_query with postgres-pr. #7727, #7762 [flowdelic, toolmantim]
* Fix has_many :through << with custom foreign keys. #6466, #7153 [naffis, Rich Collins]
* Test DateTime native type in migrations, including an edge case with dates
during calendar reform. #7649, #7724 [fedot, Geoff Buesing]
* SQLServer: correctly schema-dump tables with no indexes or descending indexes. #7333, #7703 [Jakob S, Tom Ward]
* SQLServer: recognize real column type as Ruby float. #7057 [sethladd, Tom Ward]
* Added fixtures :all as a way of loading all fixtures in the fixture directory at once #7214 [manfred]
* Added database connection as a yield parameter to ActiveRecord::Base.transaction so you can manually rollback [DHH]. Example:
transaction do |transaction|
david.withdrawal(100)
mary.deposit(100)
transaction.rollback! # rolls back the transaction that was otherwise going to be successful
end
* Made increment_counter/decrement_counter play nicely with optimistic locking, and added a more general update_counters method [Jamis Buck]
* Reworked David's query cache to be available as Model.cache {...}. For the duration of the block no select query should be run more then once. Any inserts/deletes/executes will flush the whole cache however [Tobias Luetke]
Task.cache { Task.find(1); Task.find(1) } #=> 1 query
* When dealing with SQLite3, use the table_info pragma helper, so that the bindings can do some translation for when sqlite3 breaks incompatibly between point releases. [Jamis Buck]
* Oracle: fix lob and text default handling. #7344 [gfriedrich, Michael Schoen]
* SQLServer: don't choke on strings containing 'null'. #7083 [Jakob S]
* MySQL: blob and text columns may not have defaults in 5.x. Update fixtures schema for strict mode. #6695 [Dan Kubb]
* update_all can take a Hash argument. sanitize_sql splits into two methods for conditions and assignment since NULL values and delimiters are handled differently. #6583, #7365 [sandofsky, Assaf]
* MySQL: SET SQL_AUTO_IS_NULL=0 so 'where id is null' doesn't select the last inserted id. #6778 [Jonathan Viney, timc]
* Use Date#to_s(:db) for quoted dates. #7411 [Michael Schoen]
* Don't create instance writer methods for class attributes. Closes #7401 [Rick]
* Docs: validations examples. #7343 [zackchandler]
* Add missing tests ensuring callbacks work with class inheritance. Closes #7339 [sandofsky]
* Fixtures use the table name and connection from set_fixture_class. #7330 [Anthony Eden]
* Remove useless code in #attribute_present? since 0 != blank?. Closes #7249 [Josh Susser]
* Fix minor doc typos. Closes #7157 [Josh Susser]
* Fix incorrect usage of #classify when creating the eager loading join statement. Closes #7044 [Josh Susser]
* SQLServer: quote table name in indexes query. #2928 [keithm@infused.org]
* Subclasses of an abstract class work with single-table inheritance. #5704, #7284 [BertG, nick+rails@ag.arizona.edu]
* Make sure sqlite3 driver closes open connections on disconnect [Rob Rasmussen]
* [DOC] clear up some ambiguity with the way has_and_belongs_to_many creates the default join table name. #7072 [jeremymcanally]
* change_column accepts :default => nil. Skip column options for primary keys. #6956, #7048 [Dan Manges, Jeremy Kemper]
* MySQL, PostgreSQL: change_column_default quotes the default value and doesn't lose column type information. #3987, #6664 [Jonathan Viney, manfred, altano@bigfoot.com]
* Oracle: create_table takes a :sequence_name option to override the 'tablename_seq' default. #7000 [Michael Schoen]
* MySQL: retain SSL settings on reconnect. #6976 [randyv2]
* Apply scoping during initialize instead of create. Fixes setting of foreign key when using find_or_initialize_by with scoping. [Cody Fauser]
* SQLServer: handle [quoted] table names. #6635 [rrich]
* acts_as_nested_set works with single-table inheritance. #6030 [Josh Susser]
* PostgreSQL, Oracle: correctly perform eager finds with :limit and :order. #4668, #7021 [eventualbuddha, Michael Schoen]
* Pass a range in :conditions to use the SQL BETWEEN operator. #6974 [Dan Manges]
Student.find(:all, :conditions => { :grade => 9..12 })
* Fix the Oracle adapter for serialized attributes stored in CLOBs. Closes #6825 [mschoen, tdfowler]
* [DOCS] Apply more documentation for ActiveRecord Reflection. Closes #4055 [Robby Russell]
* [DOCS] Document :allow_nil option of #validate_uniqueness_of. Closes #3143 [Caio Chassot]
* Bring the sybase adapter up to scratch for 1.2 release. [jsheets]
* Rollback new_record? and id when an exception is raised in a save callback. #6910 [Ben Curren, outerim]
* Pushing a record on an association collection doesn't unnecessarily load all the associated records. [Obie Fernandez, Jeremy Kemper]
* Oracle: fix connection reset failure. #6846 [leonlleslie]
* Subclass instantiation doesn't try to explicitly require the corresponding subclass. #6840 [leei, Jeremy Kemper]
* fix faulty inheritance tests and that eager loading grabs the wrong inheritance column when the class of your association is an STI subclass. Closes #6859 [protocool]
* Consolidated different create and create! versions to call through to the base class with scope. This fixes inconsistencies, especially related to protected attribtues. Closes #5847 [Alexander Dymo, Tobias Luetke]
* find supports :lock with :include. Check whether your database allows SELECT ... FOR UPDATE with outer joins before using. #6764 [vitaly, Jeremy Kemper]
* Add AssociationCollection#create! to be consistent with AssociationCollection#create when dealing with a foreign key that is a protected attribute [Cody Fauser]
* Added counter optimization for AssociationCollection#any? so person.friends.any? won't actually load the full association if we have the count in a cheaper form [DHH]
* Change fixture_path to a class inheritable accessor allowing test cases to have their own custom set of fixtures. #6672 [zdennis]
* Quote ActiveSupport::Multibyte::Chars. #6653 [Julian Tarkhanov]
* Simplify query_attribute by typecasting the attribute value and checking whether it's nil, false, zero or blank. #6659 [Jonathan Viney]
* validates_numericality_of uses \A \Z to ensure the entire string matches rather than ^ $ which may match one valid line of a multiline string. #5716 [Andreas Schwarz]
* Run validations in the order they were declared. #6657 [obrie]
* MySQL: detect when a NOT NULL column without a default value is misreported as default ''. Can't detect for string, text, and binary columns since '' is a legitimate default. #6156 [simon@redhillconsulting.com.au, obrie, Jonathan Viney, Jeremy Kemper]
* Simplify association proxy implementation by factoring construct_scope out of method_missing. #6643 [martin]
* Oracle: automatically detect the primary key. #6594 [vesaria, Michael Schoen]
* Oracle: to increase performance, prefetch 100 rows and enable similar cursor sharing. Both are configurable in database.yml. #6607 [philbogle@gmail.com, ray.fortna@jobster.com, Michael Schoen]
* Don't inspect unloaded associations. #2905 [lmarlow]
* SQLite: use AUTOINCREMENT primary key in >= 3.1.0. #6588, #6616 [careo, lukfugl]
* Cache inheritance_column. #6592 [Stefan Kaes]
* Firebird: decimal/numeric support. #6408 [macrnic]
* make add_order a tad faster. #6567 [Stefan Kaes]
* Find with :include respects scoped :order. #5850
* Support nil and Array in :conditions => { attr => value } hashes. #6548 [Assaf, Jeremy Kemper]
find(:all, :conditions => { :topic_id => [1, 2, 3], :last_read => nil }
* Consistently use LOWER() for uniqueness validations (rather than mixing with UPPER()) so the database can always use a functional index on the lowercased column. #6495 [Si]
* SQLite: fix calculations workaround, remove count(distinct) query rewrite, cleanup test connection scripts. [Jeremy Kemper]
* SQLite: count(distinct) queries supported in >= 3.2.6. #6544 [Bob Silva]
* Dynamically generate reader methods for serialized attributes. #6362 [Stefan Kaes]
* Deprecation: object transactions warning. [Jeremy Kemper]
* has_one :dependent => :nullify ignores nil associates. #4848, #6528 [bellis@deepthought.org, janovetz, Jeremy Kemper]
* Oracle: resolve test failures, use prefetched primary key for inserts, check for null defaults, fix limited id selection for eager loading. Factor out some common methods from all adapters. #6515 [Michael Schoen]
* Make add_column use the options hash with the Sqlite Adapter. Closes #6464 [obrie]
* Document other options available to migration's add_column. #6419 [grg]
* MySQL: all_hashes compatibility with old MysqlRes class. #6429, #6601 [Jeremy Kemper]
* Fix has_many :through to add the appropriate conditions when going through an association using STI. Closes #5783. [Jonathan Viney]
* fix select_limited_ids_list issues in postgresql, retain current behavior in other adapters [Rick]
* Restore eager condition interpolation, document it's differences [Rick]
* Don't rollback in teardown unless a transaction was started. Don't start a transaction in create_fixtures if a transaction is started. #6282 [Jacob Fugal, Jeremy Kemper]
* Add #delete support to has_many :through associations. Closes #6049 [Martin Landers]
* Reverted old select_limited_ids_list postgresql fix that caused issues in mysql. Closes #5851 [Rick]
* Removes the ability for eager loaded conditions to be interpolated, since there is no model instance to use as a context for interpolation. #5553 [turnip@turnipspatch.com]
* Added timeout option to SQLite3 configurations to deal more gracefully with SQLite3::BusyException, now the connection can instead retry for x seconds to see if the db clears up before throwing that exception #6126 [wreese@gmail.com]
* Added update_attributes! which uses save! to raise an exception if a validation error prevents saving #6192 [jonathan]
* Deprecated add_on_boundary_breaking (use validates_length_of instead) #6292 [BobSilva]
* The has_many create method works with polymorphic associations. #6361 [Dan Peterson]
* MySQL: introduce Mysql::Result#all_hashes to support further optimization. #5581 [Stefan Kaes]
* save! shouldn't validate twice. #6324 [maiha, Bob Silva]
* Association collections have an _ids reader method to match the existing writer for collection_select convenience (e.g. employee.task_ids). The writer method skips blank ids so you can safely do @employee.task_ids = params[:tasks] without checking every time for an empty list or blank values. #1887, #5780 [Michael Schuerig]
* Add an attribute reader method for ActiveRecord::Base.observers [Rick Olson]
* Deprecation: count class method should be called with an options hash rather than two args for conditions and joins. #6287 [Bob Silva]
* has_one associations with a nil target may be safely marshaled. #6279 [norbauer, Jeremy Kemper]
* Duplicate the hash provided to AR::Base#to_xml to prevent unexpected side effects [Koz]
* Add a :namespace option to AR::Base#to_xml [Koz]
* Deprecation tests. Remove warnings for dynamic finders and for the foo_count method if it's also an attribute. [Jeremy Kemper]
* Mock Time.now for more accurate Touch mixin tests. #6213 [Dan Peterson]
* Improve yaml fixtures error reporting. #6205 [Bruce Williams]
* Rename AR::Base#quote so people can use that name in their models. #3628 [Koz]
* Add deprecation warning for inferred foreign key. #6029 [Josh Susser]
* Fixed the Ruby/MySQL adapter we ship with Active Record to work with the new authentication handshake that was introduced in MySQL 4.1, along with the other protocol changes made at that time #5723 [jimw@mysql.com]
* Deprecation: use :dependent => :delete_all rather than :exclusively_dependent => true. #6024 [Josh Susser]
* Document validates_presences_of behavior with booleans: you probably want validates_inclusion_of :attr, :in => [true, false]. #2253 [Bob Silva]
* Optimistic locking: gracefully handle nil versions, treat as zero. #5908 [Tom Ward]
* to_xml: the :methods option works on arrays of records. #5845 [Josh Starcher]
* Deprecation: update docs. #5998 [jakob@mentalized.net, Kevin Clark]
* Add some XmlSerialization tests for ActiveRecord [Rick Olson]
* has_many :through conditions are sanitized by the associating class. #5971 [martin.emde@gmail.com]
* Tighten rescue clauses. #5985 [james@grayproductions.net]
* Fix spurious newlines and spaces in AR::Base#to_xml output [Jamis Buck]
* has_one supports the :dependent => :delete option which skips the typical callback chain and deletes the associated object directly from the database. #5927 [Chris Mear, Jonathan Viney]
* Nested subclasses are not prefixed with the parent class' table_name since they should always use the base class' table_name. #5911 [Jonathan Viney]
* SQLServer: work around bug where some unambiguous date formats are not correctly identified if the session language is set to german. #5894 [Tom Ward, kruth@bfpi]
* SQLServer: fix eager association test. #5901 [Tom Ward]
* Clashing type columns due to a sloppy join shouldn't wreck single-table inheritance. #5838 [Kevin Clark]
* Fixtures: correct escaping of \n and \r. #5859 [evgeny.zislis@gmail.com]
* Migrations: gracefully handle missing migration files. #5857 [eli.gordon@gmail.com]
* MySQL: update test schema for MySQL 5 strict mode. #5861 [Tom Ward]
* to_xml: correct naming of included associations. #5831 [josh.starcher@gmail.com]
* Pushing a record onto a has_many :through sets the association's foreign key to the associate's primary key and adds it to the correct association. #5815, #5829 [josh@hasmanythrough.com]
* Add records to has_many :through using <<, push, and concat by creating the association record. Raise if base or associate are new records since both ids are required to create the association. #build raises since you can't associate an unsaved record. #create! takes an attributes hash and creates the associated record and its association in a transaction. [Jeremy Kemper]
# Create a tagging to associate the post and tag.
post.tags << Tag.find_by_name('old')
post.tags.create! :name => 'general'
# Would have been:
post.taggings.create!(:tag => Tag.find_by_name('finally')
transaction do
post.taggings.create!(:tag => Tag.create!(:name => 'general'))
end
* Cache nil results for :included has_one associations also. #5787 [Michael Schoen]
* Fixed a bug which would cause .save to fail after trying to access a empty has_one association on a unsaved record. [Tobias Luetke]
* Nested classes are given table names prefixed by the singular form of the parent's table name. [Jeremy Kemper]
Example: Invoice::Lineitem is given table name invoice_lineitems
* Migrations: uniquely name multicolumn indexes so you don't have to. [Jeremy Kemper]
# people_active_last_name_index, people_active_deactivated_at_index
add_index :people, [:active, :last_name]
add_index :people, [:active, :deactivated_at]
remove_index :people, [:active, :last_name]
remove_index :people, [:active, :deactivated_at]
WARNING: backward-incompatibility. Multicolumn indexes created before this
revision were named using the first column name only. Now they're uniquely
named using all indexed columns.
To remove an old multicolumn index, remove_index :table_name, :first_column
* Fix for deep includes on the same association. [richcollins@gmail.com]
* Tweak fixtures so they don't try to use a non-ActiveRecord class. [Kevin Clark]
* Remove ActiveRecord::Base.reset since Dispatcher doesn't use it anymore. [Rick Olson]
* Document find's :from option. Closes #5762. [andrew@redlinesoftware.com]
* PostgreSQL: autodetected sequences work correctly with multiple schemas. Rely on the schema search_path instead of explicitly qualifying the sequence name with its schema. #5280 [guy.naor@famundo.com]
* Replace Reloadable with Reloadable::Deprecated. [Nicholas Seckar]
* Cache nil results for has_one associations so multiple calls don't call the database. Closes #5757. [Michael A. Schoen]
* Add documentation for how to disable timestamps on a per model basis. Closes #5684. [matt@mattmargolis.net Marcel Molina Jr.]
* Don't save has_one associations unnecessarily. #5735 [Jonathan Viney]
* Refactor ActiveRecord::Base.reset_subclasses to #reset, and add global observer resetting. [Rick Olson]
* Formally deprecate the deprecated finders. [Koz]
* Formally deprecate rich associations. [Koz]
* Fixed that default timezones for new / initialize should uphold utc setting #5709 [daniluk@yahoo.com]
* Fix announcement of very long migration names. #5722 [blake@near-time.com]
* The exists? class method should treat a string argument as an id rather than as conditions. #5698 [jeremy@planetargon.com]
* Fixed to_xml with :include misbehaviors when invoked on array of model instances #5690 [alexkwolfe@gmail.com]
* Added support for conditions on Base.exists? #5689 [Josh Peek]. Examples:
assert (Topic.exists?(:author_name => "David"))
assert (Topic.exists?(:author_name => "Mary", :approved => true))
assert (Topic.exists?(["parent_id = ?", 1]))
* Schema dumper quotes date :default values. [Dave Thomas]
* Calculate sum with SQL, not Enumerable on HasManyThrough Associations. [Dan Peterson]
* Factor the attribute#{suffix} methods out of method_missing for easier extension. [Jeremy Kemper]
* Patch sql injection vulnerability when using integer or float columns. [Jamis Buck]
* Allow #count through a has_many association to accept :include. [Dan Peterson]
* create_table rdoc: suggest :id => false for habtm join tables. [Zed Shaw]
* PostgreSQL: return array fields as strings. #4664 [Robby Russell]
* SQLServer: added tests to ensure all database statements are closed, refactored identity_insert management code to use blocks, removed update/delete rowcount code out of execute and into update/delete, changed insert to go through execute method, removed unused quoting methods, disabled pessimistic locking tests as feature is currently unsupported, fixed RakeFile to load sqlserver specific tests whether running in ado or odbc mode, fixed support for recently added decimal types, added support for limits on integer types. #5670 [Tom Ward]
* SQLServer: fix db:schema:dump case-sensitivity. #4684 [Will Rogers]
* Oracle: BigDecimal support. #5667 [schoenm@earthlink.net]
* Numeric and decimal columns map to BigDecimal instead of Float. Those with scale 0 map to Integer. #5454 [robbat2@gentoo.org, work@ashleymoran.me.uk]
* Firebird migrations support. #5337 [Ken Kunz <kennethkunz@gmail.com>]
* PostgreSQL: create/drop as postgres user. #4790 [mail@matthewpainter.co.uk, mlaster@metavillage.com]
* Update callbacks documentation. #3970 [Robby Russell <robby@planetargon.com>]
* PostgreSQL: correctly quote the ' in pk_and_sequence_for. #5462 [tietew@tietew.net]
* PostgreSQL: correctly quote microseconds in timestamps. #5641 [rick@rickbradley.com]
* Clearer has_one/belongs_to model names (account has_one :user). #5632 [matt@mattmargolis.net]
* Oracle: use nonblocking queries if allow_concurrency is set, fix pessimistic locking, don't guess date vs. time by default (set OracleAdapter.emulate_dates = true for the old behavior), adapter cleanup. #5635 [schoenm@earthlink.net]
* Fixed a few Oracle issues: Allows Oracle's odd date handling to still work consistently within #to_xml, Passes test that hardcode insert statement by dropping the :id column, Updated RUNNING_UNIT_TESTS with Oracle instructions, Corrects method signature for #exec #5294 [schoenm@earthlink.net]
* Added :group to available options for finds done on associations #5516 [mike@michaeldewey.org]
* Minor tweak to improve performance of ActiveRecord::Base#to_param.
* Observers also watch subclasses created after they are declared. #5535 [daniels@pronto.com.au]
* Removed deprecated timestamps_gmt class methods. [Jeremy Kemper]
* rake build_mysql_database grants permissions to rails@localhost. #5501 [brianegge@yahoo.com]
* PostgreSQL: support microsecond time resolution. #5492 [alex@msgpad.com]
* Add AssociationCollection#sum since the method_missing invokation has been shadowed by Enumerable#sum.
* Added find_or_initialize_by_X which works like find_or_create_by_X but doesn't save the newly instantiated record. [Sam Stephenson]
* Row locking. Provide a locking clause with the :lock finder option or true for the default "FOR UPDATE". Use the #lock! method to obtain a row lock on a single record (reloads the record with :lock => true). [Shugo Maeda]
# Obtain an exclusive lock on person 1 so we can safely increment visits.
Person.transaction do
# select * from people where id=1 for update
person = Person.find(1, :lock => true)