diff --git a/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md b/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md
index 0c29b4812fdff..f6b9eebd4c0db 100644
--- a/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,3 +1,10 @@
+*   `rake db:structure:dump` only dumps schema information if the schema
+    migration table exists.
+
+    Fixes #14217.
+
+    *Yves Senn*
+
 *   Fix counter cache when association uses a class_name.
 
     Fixes #14369.
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake b/activerecord/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake
index 5814d73973c9b..c1faf0bbec89b 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake
@@ -287,7 +287,8 @@ db_namespace = namespace :db do
       current_config = ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.current_config
       ActiveRecord::Tasks::DatabaseTasks.structure_dump(current_config, filename)
 
-      if ActiveRecord::Base.connection.supports_migrations?
+      if ActiveRecord::Base.connection.supports_migrations? &&
+          ActiveRecord::SchemaMigration.table_exists?
         File.open(filename, "a") do |f|
           f.puts ActiveRecord::Base.connection.dump_schema_information
         end