Don't allow destroyed object mutation after save or save! is called

Currently `object.save` will unfreeze the object, due to
`changes_applied` replaces frozen `@attributes` to new `@attributes`.

Since originally destroyed objects are not allowed to be mutated, `save`
and `save!` should not return success in that case.

Fixes #28563.

activerecord/CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+*   Don't allow destroyed object mutation after `save` or `save!` is called.
+
+    *Ryuta Kamizono*
+
 *   Take into account association conditions when deleting through records.
 
     Fixes #18424.

activerecord/lib/active_record/persistence.rb

@@ -694,6 +694,7 @@ def _relation_for_itself
 
     def create_or_update(*args, &block)
       _raise_readonly_record_error if readonly?
+      return false if destroyed?
       result = new_record? ? _create_record(&block) : _update_record(*args, &block)
       result != false
     end

activerecord/test/cases/persistence_test.rb

@@ -599,30 +599,52 @@ def test_update_all_with_non_standard_table_name
   end
 
   def test_delete_new_record
-    client = Client.new
+    client = Client.new(name: "37signals")
     client.delete
     assert client.frozen?
+
+    assert_not client.save
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved) { client.save! }
+
+    assert client.frozen?
+    assert_raise(RuntimeError) { client.name = "something else" }
   end
 
   def test_delete_record_with_associations
     client = Client.find(3)
     client.delete
     assert client.frozen?
     assert_kind_of Firm, client.firm
+
+    assert_not client.save
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved) { client.save! }
+
+    assert client.frozen?
     assert_raise(RuntimeError) { client.name = "something else" }
   end
 
   def test_destroy_new_record
-    client = Client.new
+    client = Client.new(name: "37signals")
     client.destroy
     assert client.frozen?
+
+    assert_not client.save
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved) { client.save! }
+
+    assert client.frozen?
+    assert_raise(RuntimeError) { client.name = "something else" }
   end
 
   def test_destroy_record_with_associations
     client = Client.find(3)
     client.destroy
     assert client.frozen?
     assert_kind_of Firm, client.firm
+
+    assert_not client.save
+    assert_raise(ActiveRecord::RecordNotSaved) { client.save! }
+
+    assert client.frozen?
     assert_raise(RuntimeError) { client.name = "something else" }
   end