diff --git a/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md b/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md
index 83650daa676b5..d47582528c12e 100644
--- a/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/activerecord/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 
 *   Add instrumentation for Active Record transactions
 
-    Allows subscribing to transaction events for tracking/instrumentation. The event payload contains the connection, as well as timing details.
+    Allows subscribing to transaction events for tracking/instrumentation. The event payload contains the connection and the outcome (commit, rollback, restart, incomplete), as well as timing details.
 
     ```ruby
     ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("transaction.active_record") do |event|
diff --git a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb
index 648dc38ed7af9..9a8d1f9595276 100644
--- a/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb
+++ b/activerecord/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/transaction.rb
@@ -78,21 +78,24 @@ class TransactionInstrumenter
       def initialize(payload = {})
         @handle = nil
         @started = false
-        @payload = payload
+        @payload = nil
+        @base_payload = payload
       end
 
       def start
         return if @started
         @started = true
 
+        @payload = @base_payload.dup
         @handle = ActiveSupport::Notifications.instrumenter.build_handle("transaction.active_record", @payload)
         @handle.start
       end
 
-      def finish
+      def finish(outcome)
         return unless @started
         @started = false
 
+        @payload[:outcome] = outcome
         @handle.finish
       end
     end
@@ -163,7 +166,7 @@ def restartable?
       end
 
       def incomplete!
-        @instrumenter.finish
+        @instrumenter.finish(:incomplete)
       end
 
       def materialize!
@@ -334,7 +337,7 @@ def materialize!
       def restart
         return unless materialized?
 
-        @instrumenter.finish
+        @instrumenter.finish(:restart)
         @instrumenter.start
 
         connection.rollback_to_savepoint(savepoint_name)
@@ -345,13 +348,13 @@ def rollback
           connection.rollback_to_savepoint(savepoint_name) if materialized?
         end
         @state.rollback!
-        @instrumenter.finish
+        @instrumenter.finish(:rollback)
       end
 
       def commit
         connection.release_savepoint(savepoint_name) if materialized?
         @state.commit!
-        @instrumenter.finish
+        @instrumenter.finish(:commit)
       end
 
       def full_rollback?; false; end
@@ -372,7 +375,7 @@ def materialize!
       def restart
         return unless materialized?
 
-        @instrumenter.finish
+        @instrumenter.finish(:restart)
 
         if connection.supports_restart_db_transaction?
           @instrumenter.start
@@ -386,13 +389,13 @@ def restart
       def rollback
         connection.rollback_db_transaction if materialized?
         @state.full_rollback!
-        @instrumenter.finish
+        @instrumenter.finish(:rollback)
       end
 
       def commit
         connection.commit_db_transaction if materialized?
         @state.full_commit!
-        @instrumenter.finish
+        @instrumenter.finish(:commit)
       end
     end
 
diff --git a/activerecord/test/cases/transaction_instrumentation_test.rb b/activerecord/test/cases/transaction_instrumentation_test.rb
index e80811d36ecc3..b27226d649653 100644
--- a/activerecord/test/cases/transaction_instrumentation_test.rb
+++ b/activerecord/test/cases/transaction_instrumentation_test.rb
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ def test_transaction_instrumentation_on_commit
     notified = false
     subscriber = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("transaction.active_record") do |event|
       assert event.payload[:connection]
+      assert_equal :commit, event.payload[:outcome]
       notified = true
     end
 
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ def test_transaction_instrumentation_on_rollback
     notified = false
     subscriber = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("transaction.active_record") do |event|
       assert event.payload[:connection]
+      assert_equal :rollback, event.payload[:outcome]
       notified = true
     end
 
@@ -60,6 +62,9 @@ def test_transaction_instrumentation_with_savepoints
     end
 
     assert_equal 2, events.count
+    savepoint, real = events
+    assert_equal :commit, savepoint.payload[:outcome]
+    assert_equal :commit, real.payload[:outcome]
   ensure
     ActiveSupport::Notifications.unsubscribe(subscriber) if subscriber
   end
@@ -100,6 +105,9 @@ def test_transaction_instrumentation_with_restart_parent_transaction_on_rollback
     end
 
     assert_equal 2, events.count
+    restart, real = events
+    assert_equal :restart, restart.payload[:outcome]
+    assert_equal :rollback, real.payload[:outcome]
   ensure
     ActiveSupport::Notifications.unsubscribe(subscriber) if subscriber
   end
@@ -140,6 +148,10 @@ def test_transaction_instrumentation_with_restart_savepoint_parent_transactions
     end
 
     assert_equal 3, events.count
+    restart, savepoint, real = events
+    assert_equal :restart, restart.payload[:outcome]
+    assert_equal :commit, savepoint.payload[:outcome]
+    assert_equal :commit, real.payload[:outcome]
   ensure
     ActiveSupport::Notifications.unsubscribe(subscriber) if subscriber
   end
@@ -239,6 +251,7 @@ def test_transaction_instrumentation_on_failed_rollback
 
       notified = false
       subscriber = ActiveSupport::Notifications.subscribe("transaction.active_record") do |event|
+        assert_equal :incomplete, event.payload[:outcome]
         notified = true
       end