diff --git a/activestorage/CHANGELOG.md b/activestorage/CHANGELOG.md
index cece15ff06dd9..fbc78a50abf32 100644
--- a/activestorage/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/activestorage/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -1,3 +1,14 @@
+*   Replace `config.active_storage.queue` with two options that indicate which
+    queues analysis and purge jobs should use, respectively:
+
+    * `config.active_storage.queues.analysis`
+    * `config.active_storage.queues.purge`
+
+    `config.active_storage.queue` is preferred over the new options when it's
+    set, but it is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 6.1.
+
+    *George Claghorn*
+
 *   Permit generating variants of TIFF images.
 
     *Luciano Sousa*
diff --git a/activestorage/app/jobs/active_storage/analyze_job.rb b/activestorage/app/jobs/active_storage/analyze_job.rb
index 804ee4557afff..35d043d508353 100644
--- a/activestorage/app/jobs/active_storage/analyze_job.rb
+++ b/activestorage/app/jobs/active_storage/analyze_job.rb
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 # Provides asynchronous analysis of ActiveStorage::Blob records via ActiveStorage::Blob#analyze_later.
 class ActiveStorage::AnalyzeJob < ActiveStorage::BaseJob
+  queue_as { ActiveStorage.queues[:analysis] }
+
   retry_on ActiveStorage::IntegrityError, attempts: 10, wait: :exponentially_longer
 
   def perform(blob)
diff --git a/activestorage/app/jobs/active_storage/base_job.rb b/activestorage/app/jobs/active_storage/base_job.rb
index 6caab42a2d021..7bc2064dc5247 100644
--- a/activestorage/app/jobs/active_storage/base_job.rb
+++ b/activestorage/app/jobs/active_storage/base_job.rb
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 class ActiveStorage::BaseJob < ActiveJob::Base
-  queue_as { ActiveStorage.queue }
 end
diff --git a/activestorage/app/jobs/active_storage/purge_job.rb b/activestorage/app/jobs/active_storage/purge_job.rb
index 2604977bf1bba..5ceb222005cd8 100644
--- a/activestorage/app/jobs/active_storage/purge_job.rb
+++ b/activestorage/app/jobs/active_storage/purge_job.rb
@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@
 
 # Provides asynchronous purging of ActiveStorage::Blob records via ActiveStorage::Blob#purge_later.
 class ActiveStorage::PurgeJob < ActiveStorage::BaseJob
+  queue_as { ActiveStorage.queues[:purge] }
+
   discard_on ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound
   retry_on ActiveRecord::Deadlocked, attempts: 10, wait: :exponentially_longer
 
diff --git a/activestorage/lib/active_storage.rb b/activestorage/lib/active_storage.rb
index e127b4cd49497..e542c4b2ca516 100644
--- a/activestorage/lib/active_storage.rb
+++ b/activestorage/lib/active_storage.rb
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ module ActiveStorage
 
   mattr_accessor :logger
   mattr_accessor :verifier
-  mattr_accessor :queue
+  mattr_accessor :queues, default: {}
   mattr_accessor :previewers, default: []
   mattr_accessor :analyzers, default: []
   mattr_accessor :variant_processor, default: :mini_magick
diff --git a/activestorage/lib/active_storage/engine.rb b/activestorage/lib/active_storage/engine.rb
index e2e9b70b69086..384e6ebfa6dc1 100644
--- a/activestorage/lib/active_storage/engine.rb
+++ b/activestorage/lib/active_storage/engine.rb
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ class Engine < Rails::Engine # :nodoc:
     config.active_storage.previewers = [ ActiveStorage::Previewer::PopplerPDFPreviewer, ActiveStorage::Previewer::MuPDFPreviewer, ActiveStorage::Previewer::VideoPreviewer ]
     config.active_storage.analyzers = [ ActiveStorage::Analyzer::ImageAnalyzer, ActiveStorage::Analyzer::VideoAnalyzer ]
     config.active_storage.paths = ActiveSupport::OrderedOptions.new
+    config.active_storage.queues = ActiveSupport::OrderedOptions.new
 
     config.active_storage.variable_content_types = %w(
       image/png
@@ -61,7 +62,6 @@ class Engine < Rails::Engine # :nodoc:
     initializer "active_storage.configs" do
       config.after_initialize do |app|
         ActiveStorage.logger            = app.config.active_storage.logger || Rails.logger
-        ActiveStorage.queue             = app.config.active_storage.queue
         ActiveStorage.variant_processor = app.config.active_storage.variant_processor || :mini_magick
         ActiveStorage.previewers        = app.config.active_storage.previewers || []
         ActiveStorage.analyzers         = app.config.active_storage.analyzers || []
@@ -117,6 +117,20 @@ class Engine < Rails::Engine # :nodoc:
       end
     end
 
+    initializer "active_storage.queues" do
+      config.after_initialize do |app|
+        if queue = app.config.active_storage.queue
+          ActiveSupport::Deprecation.warn \
+            "config.active_storage.queue is deprecated and will be removed in Rails 6.1. " \
+            "Set config.active_storage.queues.purge and config.active_storage.queues.analysis instead."
+
+          ActiveStorage.queues = { purge: queue, analysis: queue }
+        else
+          ActiveStorage.queues = app.config.active_storage.queues || {}
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
     initializer "active_storage.reflection" do
       ActiveSupport.on_load(:active_record) do
         include Reflection::ActiveRecordExtensions
diff --git a/guides/source/configuring.md b/guides/source/configuring.md
index ed3c406693b09..3b21197ae415d 100644
--- a/guides/source/configuring.md
+++ b/guides/source/configuring.md
@@ -843,10 +843,16 @@ normal Rails server.
 * `config.active_storage.content_types_to_serve_as_binary` accepts an array of strings indicating the content types that Active Storage will always serve as an attachment, rather than inline. The default is `%w(text/html
 text/javascript image/svg+xml application/postscript application/x-shockwave-flash text/xml application/xml application/xhtml+xml)`.
 
-* `config.active_storage.queue` can be used to set the name of the Active Job queue used to perform jobs like analyzing the content of a blob or purging a blog.
+* `config.active_storage.queues.analysis` accepts a symbol indicating the Active Job queue to use for analysis jobs. When this option is `nil`, analysis jobs are sent to the default Active Job queue (see `config.active_job.default_queue_name`).
+
+   ```ruby
+   config.active_storage.queues.analysis = :low_priority
+   ```
+
+* `config.active_storage.queues.purge` accepts a symbol indicating the Active Job queue to use for purge jobs. When this option is `nil`, purge jobs are sent to the default Active Job queue (see `config.active_job.default_queue_name`).
 
   ```ruby
-  config.active_storage.queue = :low_priority
+  config.active_storage.queues.purge = :low_priority
   ```
 
 * `config.active_storage.logger` can be used to set the logger used by Active Storage. Accepts a logger conforming to the interface of Log4r or the default Ruby Logger class.
@@ -870,6 +876,7 @@ text/javascript image/svg+xml application/postscript application/x-shockwave-fla
 
   The default is `/rails/active_storage`
 
+
 ### Configuring a Database
 
 Just about every Rails application will interact with a database. You can connect to the database by setting an environment variable `ENV['DATABASE_URL']` or by using a configuration file called `config/database.yml`.