diff --git a/.github/workflows/e2e_consecutive_changes.yaml b/.github/workflows/e2e_consecutive_changes.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f3be9164276
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/e2e_consecutive_changes.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# This workflow runs system tests: Use the Rector application from the source
+# checkout to process "fixture" projects in e2e/ directory
+# to see if those can be processed successfully
+name: End to End tests with consecutive changes
+
+on:
+    pull_request:
+        branches:
+            - main
+    push:
+        branches:
+            - main
+
+env:
+    # see https://github.com/composer/composer/issues/9368#issuecomment-718112361
+    COMPOSER_ROOT_VERSION: "dev-main"
+
+jobs:
+    end_to_end:
+        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+        strategy:
+            fail-fast: false
+            matrix:
+                php_version: ['8.1']
+                directory:
+                    - 'e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache'
+
+        name: End to end test - ${{ matrix.directory }}
+
+        steps:
+            -   uses: actions/checkout@v3
+
+            -   uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
+                with:
+                    php-version: ${{ matrix.php_version }}
+                    coverage: none
+
+            # run in root rector-src
+            -   run: composer install --ansi
+
+            # run in e2e subdir
+            -
+                run: composer install --ansi
+                working-directory: ${{ matrix.directory }}
+
+            # run e2e test
+            -   run: php ../e2eTestChangingRunnerWithCache.php -o expected-output-1.diff
+                working-directory: ${{ matrix.directory }}
+
+            # this tests that a 2nd run with cache and consecutive changes works, see https://github.com/rectorphp/rector-src/pull/3614#issuecomment-1507742338
+            -   run: php ../e2eTestChangingRunnerWithCache.php -o expected-output-2.diff
+                working-directory: ${{ matrix.directory }}
diff --git a/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/.gitignore b/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..61ead86667c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/vendor
diff --git a/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/composer.json b/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/composer.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5468cd74606
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/composer.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "require": {
+        "php": "^8.1"
+    },
+    "minimum-stability": "dev",
+    "prefer-stable": true
+}
diff --git a/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/expected-output-1.diff b/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/expected-output-1.diff
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b0c4248c851
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/expected-output-1.diff
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+1 file with changes
+===================
+
+1) src/Source.php:1
+
+    ---------- begin diff ----------
+@@ @@
+
+ $a = true;
+ $b = true;
+-
+-if ($a && $b) {
+-    return true;
++if (!$a) {
++    return;
+ }
++if (!$b) {
++    return;
++}
++return true;
+    ----------- end diff -----------
+
+Applied rules:
+ * ChangeAndIfToEarlyReturnRector
+
+
+ [OK] 1 file has been changed by Rector
diff --git a/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/expected-output-2.diff b/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/expected-output-2.diff
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fe9f908413f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/expected-output-2.diff
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+ 1 file with changes
+===================
+
+1) src/Source.php:4
+
+    ---------- begin diff ----------
+@@ @@
+ if (!$a) {
+     return;
+ }
++
+ if (!$b) {
+     return;
+ }
++
+ return true;
+    ----------- end diff -----------
+
+Applied rules:
+ * NewlineAfterStatementRector
+
+
+ [OK] 1 file has been changed by Rector
diff --git a/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/rector.php b/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/rector.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f8ea9dfeb9a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/rector.php
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+use Rector\Caching\ValueObject\Storage\FileCacheStorage;
+use Rector\CodingStyle\Rector\Stmt\NewlineAfterStatementRector;
+use Rector\Config\RectorConfig;
+use Rector\EarlyReturn\Rector\If_\ChangeAndIfToEarlyReturnRector;
+
+return static function (RectorConfig $rectorConfig): void {
+    $rectorConfig->cacheClass(FileCacheStorage::class);
+
+    $rectorConfig->paths([
+        __DIR__ . '/src',
+    ]);
+
+    $rectorConfig->rule(ChangeAndIfToEarlyReturnRector::class);
+    $rectorConfig->rule(NewlineAfterStatementRector::class);
+};
diff --git a/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/src/Source.php b/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/src/Source.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..823bcc14174
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/consecutive-changes-with-cache/src/Source.php
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<?php
+
+$a = true;
+$b = true;
+
+if ($a && $b) {
+    return true;
+}
diff --git a/e2e/e2eTestChangingRunnerWithCache.php b/e2e/e2eTestChangingRunnerWithCache.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..e7560be27aa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/e2e/e2eTestChangingRunnerWithCache.php
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env php
+<?php
+
+// runs a rector e2e test.
+// checks whether we expect a certain output, or alternatively that rector just processed everything without errors
+
+use Rector\Core\Console\Formatter\ColorConsoleDiffFormatter;
+use Rector\Core\Console\Formatter\ConsoleDiffer;
+use Rector\Core\Console\Style\SymfonyStyleFactory;
+use Rector\Core\Util\Reflection\PrivatesAccessor;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Command\Command;
+
+$projectRoot = __DIR__ .'/..';
+$rectorBin = $projectRoot . '/bin/rector';
+$autoloadFile = $projectRoot . '/vendor/autoload.php';
+
+// so we can use helper classes here
+require_once __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
+
+$e2eCommand = 'php '. $rectorBin .' process --no-ansi -a '. $autoloadFile;
+
+if (isset($argv[1]) && $argv[1] === '-o') {
+    $expectedDiff = $argv[2];
+} else {
+    $expectedDiff = 'expected-output.diff';
+}
+
+exec($e2eCommand, $output, $exitCode);
+$output = trim(implode("\n", $output));
+$output = str_replace(__DIR__, '.', $output);
+
+if (!file_exists($expectedDiff)) {
+    echo $output;
+    exit($exitCode);
+}
+
+$symfonyStyleFactory = new SymfonyStyleFactory(new PrivatesAccessor());
+$symfonyStyle =  $symfonyStyleFactory->create();
+
+$matchedExpectedOutput = false;
+$expectedOutput = trim(file_get_contents($expectedDiff));
+if ($output === $expectedOutput) {
+    $symfonyStyle->success('End-to-end test successfully completed');
+    exit(Command::SUCCESS);
+}
+
+// print color diff, to make easy find the differences
+$consoleDiffer = new ConsoleDiffer(new ColorConsoleDiffFormatter());
+$diff = $consoleDiffer->diff($output, $expectedOutput);
+$symfonyStyle->writeln($diff);
+
+exit(Command::FAILURE);