With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". to enforce 42 U.S.C. § 1396a(a)(30)(A) under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. (Def.'s Opp’n at 7-8.) This is not an argument about standing but about the merits of the providers’ legal theory- 11 . See Pub.L. 103-382 (42 U.S.C. § 1320a-2); Pub.L. 103-432 (42 U.S.C. § 1320a-10). 12 . The Supreme Court did not consider the effect of this statute in Blessing, which dealt with Title IV-D of the Social Security Act. Blessing, 520 U.S. at 332, 117 S.Ct. 1353. 13 . The court respectfully notes that Congress would give greater assistance to the courts, and retain its proper authority over an important policy overnment in litigation, a state should not ordinarily be subjected to nonmutual offensive issue preclusion. See United States v. Mendoza, 464 U.S. 154, 162-63, 104 S.Ct. 568, 78 L.Ed.2d 379 (1984) (<HOLDING>); Hercules Carriers, Inc. v. Claimant Fla., 768

A: holding the fourteenth amendment does not apply to the actions of the federal government
B: holding that the doctrine of issue preclusion applies in removal proceedings
C: holding that preclusion rules apply in 1983 actions
D: holding that nonmutual offensive issue preclusion does not apply against federal government
D.