With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". the flag state. 33 U.S.C. § 1907(c)(2); MARPOL, Art. 6(2). RCCL contends that the authority of port states is strictly limited to providing assistance to the flag state by enforcing the recordkeeping requir 409, 1 L.Ed.2d 1544 (1957) (“A sovereign nation has exclusive jurisdiction to punish offenses against its laws committed within its borders, unless it expressly or impliedly consents to surrender its jurisdiction.”) The government argues that MAR-POL does not explicitly or implicitly regulate what a nation may do to enforce domestic law violations that occur in port, and in fact limiting recourse for such crimes solely to the referral protocol under MARPOL would result in the situation where coastal states could not criminally enforce domestic laws against pollution (11th Cir.1991) (<HOLDING>). A treaty is self-executing if it both

A: holding that plaintiffs lacked standing to sue
B: holding that plaintiffs lacked standing because the case was not ripe for adjudication
C: holding individual standing issue waived
D: holding defendant lacked standing because a treaty must be selfexecuting in order for an individual citizen to have standing to protest a violation of the treaty
D.