With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". or (3) a verbal claim of nationality or registry by the master or individual in charge of the vessel. 46 U.S.C. § 70502(e). 4 . “Jurisdiction” in this context refers to the enforcement reach of the statute — not federal court subject-matter jurisdiction, which extends to any federal felony. United States v. González, 311 F.3d 440, 443 (1st Cir.2002), cert. denied, 540 U.S. 826, 124 S.Ct. 47, 157 L.Ed.2d 49 (2003). That reach was limited by Congress to minimize conflict with foreign nations who might also assert rights to regulate. See United States v. Vilches-Navarrete, 523 F.3d 1, 22 (1st Cir.) (separate opinion of Lynch & Howard, JJ.), cert. denied, -U.S. -, 129 S.Ct. 208, 172 L.Ed.2d 168 (2008). 5 . See Vilches-Navarrete, 523 F.3d at 20-22 (separate opinion of Lynch & Howard, JJ.) (<HOLDING>); accord United States v. Tinoco 304 F.3d 1088,

A: holding that it was error for the trial judge to answer a jurys question without giving defendants counsel an opportunity to be heard before the trial judge responded
B: holding that the improper appointment of a judge to a case deprived the court of jurisdiction to rule on any motions pending before that judge the orders entered by that judge were entered without jurisdiction of the court and were thus void
C: holding it constitutional for congress to allocate jurisdiction question to the judge
D: holding it is a question of fact
C.