With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". for his removal.” Marin-Marin v. Sessions, No. 15-2074, 852 F.3d 192, 193-94, 2017 WL 1130182, at *1 (2d Cir. Mar. 27, 2017). It is well settled “that deportation, being a civil procedure, is not punishment and the cruel and unusual punishment clause of the Eighth Amendment accordingly is not applicable.” Santelises v. INS, 491 F.2d 1254, 1255-56 (2d Cir. 1974); see also INS v. Lopez-Mendoza, 468 U.S. 1032, 1038, 104 S.Ct. 3479, 82 L.Ed.2d 778 (1984). Moreover, because removal is not a punishment, the Due Process Clause does not require an assessment of whether removal is excessive when compared to the grounds for removal. Marin-Marin, 852 F.3d at 194-95, 2017 WL 1130182, at *2; cf. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins, Co. v. Campbell, 538 U.S. 408, 416-17, 123 S.Ct. 1513, 155 L.Ed.2d 585 (2003) (<HOLDING>). And, while the Supreme Court in Padilla v.

A: recognizing that the bill of attainder prohibits punitive legislation
B: recognizing that the due process clause prohibits grossly excessive or arbitrary punishments on a tortfeasor because such punitive damages serve the same purposes as criminal penalties
C: holding a court may not award punitive damages
D: holding that a reduction in punitive damages to comply with the due process clause is a federal constitutional issue not a fact issue requiring jury consideration
B.