With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". § 4B1.1(a)-(b), and define “crime of violence” as “any offense under federal or state law, punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year, that ... has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical force against the person of another,” U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2(a)(1). Consequently, cases dealing with the elements clauses of the ACCA and the career offender guidelines are instructive in this case. Cf. United States v. Lockley, 632 F.3d 1238, 1241 (11th Cir.2011). In Johnson v. United States, — U.S. -, 130 S.Ct. 1265, 176 L.Ed.2d 1 (2010), the Supreme Court recently instructed that the type of “physical force” required under the ACCA’s elements clause is “violent force — that is, force capable of causing physical pain or injury to another person.” Id. at 1271 (<HOLDING>). It further held that while the meaning of

A: holding that in pennsylvania lack of informed consent claims utilize a battery standard that is a physician commits battery where the patient does not consent to the procedure on his person thus constituting a harmful or offensive contact
B: holding that simple battery the actual and intentional touching of another  does not constitute a predicate offense because the acca requires violent force not merely offensive contact
C: holding that escape is categorically a violent felony under the acca
D: holding that battery is an inherently included offense of aggravated battery
B.