With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". that cross-examination of a witness’s membership in a group pledged to lie was permissible in order to show bias and motive to commit perjury. The prosecutor in Able brought out in cross-examination of a defense witness that both the witness and the defendant were members of a “secret prison gang that required its members always to deny the existence of the organization and to commit perjury, theft, and murder on each member’s behalf.” Id. 105 S.Ct. at 467. The Court held that the common membership of the defendant and the witness in a group pledged to protect each other by any available means showed “a powerful motive to slant his testimony towards [the defendant], or even commit perjury outright.” Id. at 470. See also United States v. Sommerstedt, 752 F.2d 1494, 1499 (9th Cir.1985) (<HOLDING>). The cross-examination in this ease shows

A: holding an organization had standing because some of its individual members did
B: holding improperly admitted testimony was cumulative to the other properly admitted evidence and was therefore harmless
C: holding that evidence that defense witnesses were members of the same organization of tax protesters as defendant was properly admitted to show bias
D: holding that an organization whose members are injured may represent those members even where the organization itself cannot show injury
C.