With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". See I.C. § 34-23-1. The tort of medical malpractice also predates the MMPA and came as a development of the common law. See Johnson, 273 Ind. at 387, 404 N.E.2d at 594 (noting that the relationship of health care provider and patient imposed a common law legal duty upon the health care provider). So, too, did derivative causes of action for loss of services, etc., for tortious injuries to spouses and children. See Dearborn Fa bricating and Eng'g Corp., Inc. v. Wickham, 551 N.E.2d 1135, 1136 (Ind.1990) (discussing a parent's common law claim for injuries to a child and a person's common law claim for injuries to a spouse). Children, at common law, have no claim for loss of services, etc., by reason of tor-tious injury to a parent. See Dearborn Fabricating, 551 N.E.2d at 1139 (<HOLDING>). If this case were for the death or injury to

A: recognizing loss of consortium claims
B: holding that at common law a child may not maintain an action for loss of parental consortium when the parent is negligently injured by a third person
C: recognizing cause of action for loss of consortium
D: recognizing that loss of consortium is a right of action separate from that of the spouse
B.