With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". Moore and Protium Recordings in the action instituted by Moore d/b/a Protium Recordings, but he also was required to raise them as compulsory counterclaims under Rule 13 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. See Fed.R.Civ.P. 13(a) (“A pleading shall state as a counterclaim any claim which at the time of serving the pleading the pleader has against any opposing party....”); Transamerica Occidental Life Ins. Co. v. Aviation Office of Am., Inc., 292 F.3d 384, 389-91 (3d Cir. 2002) (defining “compulsory counterclaims” and “opposing parties”). Having not raised his claims in the earlier action, Banks could not litigate them in his adversary complaint. See New York Life Ins. Co. v. Deshotel, 142 F.3d 873, 879 (5th Cir.1998); see also Randolph v. Lipscher, 641 F.Supp. 767, 775 (D.N.J.1986) (<HOLDING>) (citation omitted). For the reasons stated

A: holding that the doctrine of res judicata contemplates that when a controversy between parties is once fairly litigated and determined it is no longer open to relitigation
B: holding that the doctrine of res judicata is applicable to defenses that could have been raised in a prior action
C: holding that res judicata prevents relitigation of a claim that was previously the subject of a valid and final decision of this court
D: holding that res judicata applies when the question of jurisdiction is raised and determined
A.