With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". when the officers pulled Henning over, searched his truck, sought to arrest him, or used deadly force against him, as “Fourth Amendment rights are personal rights which ... may not be vicariously asserted.” Rakas v. Illinois, 439 U.S. 128,133-34, 99 S.Ct. 421, 58 L.Ed.2d 387 (1978) (quoting Alderman v. United States, 394 U.S. 165, 174, 89 S.Ct. 961, 22 L.Ed.2d 176 (1969)). Aliyana and the parents assert their own rights in bringing the loss of companionship claims, but even if those rights are constitutionally protected (a dubious proposition, at least for the parents, after Russ v. Watts, 414 F.3d 783, 790 (7th Cir.2005); but see Smith v. City of Fontana, 818 F.2d 1411, 1418-19 (9th Cir.1987), overruled on other grounds by Hodgers-Durgin v. de la Vina, 199 F.3d 1037 (9th Cir.1999) (<HOLDING>)), whether they were in fact violated turns on

A: recognizing  1983 substantive due process claim
B: recognizing the cause of action
C: recognizing  1983 cause of action against state based on substantive due process where officers actions causing fathers death deprived children of his companionship
D: recognizing cause of action
C.