With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". over the area in common with a co-occupant who later objects to the use of evidence so obtained.” Id. at 1518. The Court, however, also held that, as between a wife’s consent to a search of the family residence and her husband’s refusal to consent, "a physically present co-occupant’s stated refusal to permit entry prevails, rendering the warrantless search unreasonable and invalid as to him.” Id. at 1519. Comments, Model Civ. Jury Instr. 9th Cir. 9.13 (2007). 13 . See also Cal. Penal Code § 3067(d) (in the context of parole searches, noting "[i]t is not the intent of the Legislature to authorize law enforcement officers to conduct searches for the sole purpose of harassment.”). 14 . But see Owen v. City of Independence, 445 U.S. 622, 650-52, 657, 100 S.Ct. 1398, 63 L.Ed.2d 673 (1980) (<HOLDING>); see also Gibson v. Cty. of Washoe, Nev., 290

A: holding that defendants are not entitled to qualified immunity
B: recognizing a claim for civil liability against municipalities  under  1983
C: holding immunity from liability is not jurisdictional
D: holding individual officers entitlement to qualified immunity does not immunize municipalities from monell liability
D.