With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". practice or custom that constitutes a standard operating procedure of the defendant.” ER 11. The series of qualifiers in this definition — “permanent,” “widespread,” “well-settled,” and “standard operating procedure” — emphasize that a practice must be pervasive and of significant duration. This definition is certainly consistent with our Monell decisions, which have recognized that “[l]iability for improper custom may not be predicated on isolated or sporadic incidents” and that “[t]he custom must be so ‘persistent and widespread’ that it constitutes a ‘permanent and well settled city policy.’ ” Trevino v. Gates, 99 F.3d 911, 918 (9th Cir.1996) (quoting Monell, 436 U.S. at 691, 98 S.Ct. 2018); see also Villegas v. Gilroy Garlic Festival Ass’n, 541 F.3d 950, 964 (9th Cir.2008) (<HOLDING>); Webb v. Sloan, 330 F.3d 1158, 1164 (9th

A: holding that a municipality may only be held liable under  1983 for a policy practice or custom
B: holding that municipal liability may be established by showing a longstanding practice or custom which constitutes the standard operating procedure of the local government entity  quoting ulrich v city  cnty of san francisco 308 f3d 968 98485 9th cir2002
C: holding that a policy for purposes of municipal liability may be established by an officials single decision
D: holding that a plaintiff must identify a municipal policy custom or practice  to support a claim against a municipality under monell
B.