With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". habit, usage or practice in [his] conduct,” but never identifies precisely what particular custom or policy of Denver Health Mr. Khazanov was acting pursuant to.... As cases like Twombly and Iqbal make clear, such conclusory pleadings are insufficient to state a claim. Accordingly, Denver Health is entitled to dismissal of the Monell claim against it. 2011 WL 3820730, at *8 (alterations in original)(footnote omitted) (citation omitted). Last, in Young v. City of Albuquerque, the Court dismis lead that the policy exists, reasoning that the usual rule of pleading — that courts are to accept all allegations as true at the motion-to-dismiss stage — applies in the context of pleading a Monell policy, practice, or custom. See Bartholomew v. Fischl, 782 F.2d 1148, 1152-53 (3d Cir.1986)(<HOLDING>); Estate of Bailey by Oare v. York Cnty., 768

A: holding that where a public official takes discretionary action that the official knows will directly benefit a financial interest that the official has concealed in violation of a state criminal law that official has deprived the public of his honest services under  1346
B: holding that discrimination against a municipal employee could trigger municipal liability under  1983 through official policy or custom
C: holding that a policy for purposes of municipal liability may be established by an officials single decision
D: holding that a plaintiff who pleaded a single instance of illegality  had nonetheless sufficiently pleaded the existence of an official policy or official conduct sufficient to support municipal liability
D.