With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". crew members on the vessel. Evidence introduced at trial shows (1) Martinez was hired to steer the vessel and did steel the vessel; (2) Martinez, along with the other crew members, threw cocaine overboard when they heard a helicopter approaching; and (8) although Martinez received less compensation than the captain, he received more than at least one of his crew mates. AFFIRMED. 1 . Martinez’s remaining arguments are foreclosed by prior precedent. He argues § 1903, the Maritime Drug Law Enforcement Act (MDLEA), is an ultra vires exercise of congressional power under the Piracies and Felonies Clause of the United States Constitution, U.S. Const., art. I, § 9, cl. 10. This argument is foreclosed by our decision in United States v. Estupinan, 453 F.3d 1336, 1338-39 (11th Cir.2006) (<HOLDING>). Insofar as he argues the MDLEA is

A: holding congress did not exceed its authority in enacting the mdlea
B: holding that congress properly acted within the scope of the piracies and felonies clause in enacting the mdlea
C: holding that congress did not intend to abrogate eleventh amendment immunity in enacting 42 usc  1983
D: holding that congress acted within constitutionally conferred authority in enacting mdlea
A.