With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". have determined, the abstraction-filtration-comparison (“AFC”) test is either unnecessary or simply does not apply in cases of literal copying. See Mitek Holdings, Inc. v. Arce Eng’g Co., 89 F.3d 1548, 1555-56 n. 16 (11th Cir.1996) (explaining that the AFC test “was designed to help assess nonliteral copying of a nonliteral element, not nonliteral copying of computer code (a literal element)”); Lotus Dev. Corp. v. Borland Int’l, Inc., 49 F.3d 807, 815 (1st Cir.1995) (“While the [AFC] test may provide a useful framework for assessing the alleged nonliteral copying of computer code, we find it to be of little help in assessing whether the literal copying of a menu command hierarchy constitutes copyright infringement.”); ILOG, Inc. v. Bell Logic, LLC, 181 F.Supp.2d 3, 7 (D.Mass.2002) (<HOLDING>); Data Gen. Corp. v. Grumman Sys. Support

A: holding that priority of liens whether by mortgage or judgment is governed by the date of acquisition
B: holding that literal copying is not governed by the afc test
C: holding that the admissibility of expert testimony was governed by state law
D: holding that if the identical function is not performed literal infringement is not possible
B.