With no explanation, chose the best option from "A", "B", "C" or "D". to the bankruptcy estate and, if so, whether 1) the claims are subject to a statutory exemption from the estate or 2) the bankruptcy trustee has abandoned them. 1. Plaintiffs Causes of Action The First Circuit Court of Appeals has held that upon a filing for bankruptcy under Chapter 7, the trustee “steps into the shoes of the debtor for the purposes of asserting or maintaining the debtor’s causes of action.” DiMaio Family Pizza & Luncheonette, Inc. v. The Charter Oak Fire Ins. Co., 448 F.3d 460, 464 (1st Cir.2006) (quoting In re Rare Coin Galleries, Inc., 862 F.2d 896, 901 (1st Cir.1988)). Courts have held that the definition of “property” as used in § 541(a)(1) extends to causes of actions such as present in this case. See, e.g., In re Smith, 640 F.2d 888, 890 (7th Cir.1981)(<HOLDING>)(citing cases). Thus, this Court must first

A: holding that there is no question  that the estate includes causes of action such as the truth in lending claims
B: holding that in a declaratory judgment action it is the character of the impending action not the plaintiffs defense that determines whether there is federal question jurisdiction
C: holding that the scope of section 541 is broad and includes all kinds of property including causes of action
D: holding that no private causes of action exist for violations of the ucpa
A.