diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 6f7b241f..7f22b96e 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 
 ## master (unreleased)
 
+### Bug fixes
+
+* [#143](https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop-minitest/issues/143): Fix an error for `Minitest/LiteralAsActualArgumentTest` when expected and actual arguments are literals. ([@koic][])
+
 ## 0.15.0 (2021-08-09)
 
 ### New features
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/minitest/literal_as_actual_argument.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/minitest/literal_as_actual_argument.rb
index 505449fd..408e7ef1 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/minitest/literal_as_actual_argument.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/minitest/literal_as_actual_argument.rb
@@ -27,17 +27,16 @@ class LiteralAsActualArgument < Base
         def on_send(node)
           return unless node.method?(:assert_equal)
 
-          actual = node.arguments[1]
+          expected, actual, message = *node.arguments
           return unless actual&.recursive_basic_literal?
+          return if expected.recursive_basic_literal?
 
           add_offense(all_arguments_range(node)) do |corrector|
-            autocorrect(corrector, node)
+            autocorrect(corrector, node, expected, actual, message)
           end
         end
 
-        def autocorrect(corrector, node)
-          expected, actual, message = *node.arguments
-
+        def autocorrect(corrector, node, expected, actual, message)
           new_actual_source = if actual.hash_type? && !actual.braces?
                                 "{#{actual.source}}"
                               else
diff --git a/test/rubocop/cop/minitest/literal_as_actual_argument_test.rb b/test/rubocop/cop/minitest/literal_as_actual_argument_test.rb
index 97a2f352..87176c01 100644
--- a/test/rubocop/cop/minitest/literal_as_actual_argument_test.rb
+++ b/test/rubocop/cop/minitest/literal_as_actual_argument_test.rb
@@ -99,4 +99,14 @@ def test_do_something
       end
     RUBY
   end
+
+  def test_does_not_register_offense_when_expected_and_actual_are_basic_literals
+    assert_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+      class FooTest < Minitest::Test
+        def test_do_something
+          assert_equal 0, 1, 'message'
+        end
+      end
+    RUBY
+  end
 end