diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index f03f93bb..8d2d8b79 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 * [#15](https://github.com/rubocop-hq/rubocop-minitest/pull/15): Add new `Minitest/RefuteIncludes` cop. ([@abhaynikam][])
 * [#18](https://github.com/rubocop-hq/rubocop-minitest/pull/18): Add new `Minitest/RefuteFalse` cop. ([@duduribeiro][])
 * [#20](https://github.com/rubocop-hq/rubocop-minitest/pull/20): Add new `Minitest/RefuteEmpty` cop. ([@abhaynikam][])
+* [#21](https://github.com/rubocop-hq/rubocop-minitest/pull/21): Add new `Minitest/RefuteEqual` cop. ([@duduribeiro][])
 
 ### Bug fixes
 
diff --git a/config/default.yml b/config/default.yml
index 70361aa0..b74c65cd 100644
--- a/config/default.yml
+++ b/config/default.yml
@@ -26,6 +26,12 @@ Minitest/AssertTruthy:
   Enabled: true
   VersionAdded: '0.2'
 
+Minitest/RefuteEqual:
+  Description: 'Check if your test uses `refute_equal` instead of `assert(expected != object)` or `assert(! expected == object))`.'
+  StyleGuide: 'https://github.com/rubocop-hq/minitest-style-guide#refute-equal'
+  Enabled: true
+  VersionAdded: '0.3'
+
 Minitest/RefuteNil:
   Description: 'This cop enforces the test to use `refute_nil` instead of using `refute_equal(nil, something)`.'
   StyleGuide: 'https://github.com/rubocop-hq/minitest-style-guide#refute-nil'
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/minitest/refute_equal.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/minitest/refute_equal.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..963d1891
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/minitest/refute_equal.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module RuboCop
+  module Cop
+    module Minitest
+      # This cop enforces the usages of `refute_equal(expected, object)`
+      # over `assert_equal(expected != actual)` or `assert(! expected -= actual)`.
+      #
+      # @example
+      #   # bad
+      #   assert("rubocop-minitest" != actual)
+      #   assert(! "rubocop-minitest" == actual)
+      #
+      #   # good
+      #   refute_equal("rubocop-minitest", actual)
+      #
+      class RefuteEqual < Cop
+        MSG = 'Prefer using `refute_equal(%<preferred>s)` over ' \
+              '`assert(%<over>s)`.'
+
+        def_node_matcher :assert_not_equal, <<~PATTERN
+          (send nil? :assert ${(send $_ :!= $_) (send (send $_ :! ) :== $_) } $... )
+        PATTERN
+
+        def on_send(node)
+          preferred, over = process_not_equal(node)
+          return unless preferred && over
+
+          message = format(MSG, preferred: preferred, over: over)
+          add_offense(node, message: message)
+        end
+
+        def autocorrect(node)
+          lambda do |corrector|
+            assert_not_equal(node) do |_, first_arg, second_arg, rest_args|
+              autocorrect_node(node, corrector, first_arg, second_arg, rest_args)
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        private
+
+        def autocorrect_node(node, corrector, first_arg, second_arg, rest_args)
+          custom_message = rest_args.first
+          replacement = preferred_usage(first_arg, second_arg, custom_message)
+          corrector.replace(node.loc.expression, "refute_equal(#{replacement})")
+        end
+
+        def preferred_usage(first_arg, second_arg, custom_message = nil)
+          [first_arg, second_arg, custom_message]
+            .compact.map(&:source).join(', ')
+        end
+
+        def original_usage(first_part, custom_message)
+          [first_part, custom_message].compact.join(', ')
+        end
+
+        def process_not_equal(node)
+          assert_not_equal(node) do |over, first_arg, second_arg, rest_args|
+            custom_message = rest_args.first
+            preferred = preferred_usage(first_arg, second_arg, custom_message)
+            over = original_usage(over.source, custom_message&.source)
+            return [preferred, over]
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/minitest_cops.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/minitest_cops.rb
index 38e2df84..52421d0a 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/minitest_cops.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/minitest_cops.rb
@@ -6,5 +6,6 @@
 require_relative 'minitest/assert_truthy'
 require_relative 'minitest/refute_empty'
 require_relative 'minitest/refute_false'
+require_relative 'minitest/refute_equal'
 require_relative 'minitest/refute_nil'
 require_relative 'minitest/refute_includes'
diff --git a/manual/cops.md b/manual/cops.md
index 90a9afb4..549976be 100644
--- a/manual/cops.md
+++ b/manual/cops.md
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 * [Minitest/AssertNil](cops_minitest.md#minitestassertnil)
 * [Minitest/AssertTruthy](cops_minitest.md#minitestasserttruthy)
 * [Minitest/RefuteEmpty](cops_minitest.md#minitestrefuteempty)
+* [Minitest/RefuteEqual](cops_minitest.md#minitestrefuteequal)
 * [Minitest/RefuteFalse](cops_minitest.md#minitestrefutefalse)
 * [Minitest/RefuteIncludes](cops_minitest.md#minitestrefuteincludes)
 * [Minitest/RefuteNil](cops_minitest.md#minitestrefutenil)
diff --git a/manual/cops_minitest.md b/manual/cops_minitest.md
index b4a2aaaa..c26e4016 100644
--- a/manual/cops_minitest.md
+++ b/manual/cops_minitest.md
@@ -125,6 +125,30 @@ refute_empty(object, 'the message')
 
 * [https://github.com/rubocop-hq/minitest-style-guide#refute-empty](https://github.com/rubocop-hq/minitest-style-guide#refute-empty)
 
+## Minitest/RefuteEqual
+
+Enabled by default | Safe | Supports autocorrection | VersionAdded | VersionChanged
+--- | --- | --- | --- | ---
+Enabled | Yes | Yes  | 0.3 | -
+
+This cop enforces the usages of `refute_equal(expected, object)`
+over `assert_equal(expected != actual)` or `assert(! expected -= actual)`.
+
+### Examples
+
+```ruby
+# bad
+assert("rubocop-minitest" != actual)
+assert(! "rubocop-minitest" == actual)
+
+# good
+refute_equal("rubocop-minitest", actual)
+```
+
+### References
+
+* [https://github.com/rubocop-hq/minitest-style-guide#refute-equal](https://github.com/rubocop-hq/minitest-style-guide#refute-equal)
+
 ## Minitest/RefuteFalse
 
 Enabled by default | Safe | Supports autocorrection | VersionAdded | VersionChanged
diff --git a/test/rubocop/cop/minitest/refute_equal_test.rb b/test/rubocop/cop/minitest/refute_equal_test.rb
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b51bd812
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/rubocop/cop/minitest/refute_equal_test.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+require 'test_helper'
+
+class RefuteEqualTest < Minitest::Test
+  def setup
+    @cop = RuboCop::Cop::Minitest::RefuteEqual.new
+  end
+
+  def test_registers_offense_when_using_assert_not_equal_operator_with_string
+    assert_offense(<<~RUBY, @cop)
+      class FooTest < Minitest::Test
+        def test_do_something
+          assert('rubocop-minitest' != actual)
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Prefer using `refute_equal('rubocop-minitest', actual)` over `assert('rubocop-minitest' != actual)`.
+        end
+      end
+    RUBY
+
+    assert_correction(<<~RUBY, @cop)
+      class FooTest < Minitest::Test
+        def test_do_something
+          refute_equal('rubocop-minitest', actual)
+        end
+      end
+    RUBY
+  end
+
+  def test_registers_offense_when_using_assert_not_equal_operator_with_object
+    assert_offense(<<~RUBY, @cop)
+      class FooTest < Minitest::Test
+        def test_do_something
+          assert(expected != actual)
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Prefer using `refute_equal(expected, actual)` over `assert(expected != actual)`.
+        end
+      end
+    RUBY
+
+    assert_correction(<<~RUBY, @cop)
+      class FooTest < Minitest::Test
+        def test_do_something
+          refute_equal(expected, actual)
+        end
+      end
+    RUBY
+  end
+
+  def test_registers_offense_when_using_assert_not_equal_operator_with_method_call
+    assert_offense(<<~RUBY, @cop)
+      class FooTest < Minitest::Test
+        def test_do_something
+          assert(obj.expected != other_obj.actual)
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Prefer using `refute_equal(obj.expected, other_obj.actual)` over `assert(obj.expected != other_obj.actual)`.
+        end
+      end
+    RUBY
+
+    assert_correction(<<~RUBY, @cop)
+      class FooTest < Minitest::Test
+        def test_do_something
+          refute_equal(obj.expected, other_obj.actual)
+        end
+      end
+    RUBY
+  end
+
+  def test_registers_offense_when_using_assert_not_equal_operator_with_the_message
+    assert_offense(<<~RUBY, @cop)
+      class FooTest < Minitest::Test
+        def test_do_something
+          assert('rubocop-minitest' != actual, 'the message')
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Prefer using `refute_equal('rubocop-minitest', actual, 'the message')` over `assert('rubocop-minitest' != actual, 'the message')`.
+        end
+      end
+    RUBY
+
+    assert_correction(<<~RUBY, @cop)
+      class FooTest < Minitest::Test
+        def test_do_something
+          refute_equal('rubocop-minitest', actual, 'the message')
+        end
+      end
+    RUBY
+  end
+
+  def test_registers_offense_when_using_negate_equals
+    assert_offense(<<~RUBY, @cop)
+      class FooTest < Minitest::Test
+        def test_do_something
+          assert(! 'rubocop-minitest' == object)
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Prefer using `refute_equal('rubocop-minitest', object)` over `assert(! 'rubocop-minitest' == object)`.
+        end
+      end
+    RUBY
+
+    assert_correction(<<~RUBY, @cop)
+      class FooTest < Minitest::Test
+        def test_do_something
+          refute_equal('rubocop-minitest', object)
+        end
+      end
+    RUBY
+  end
+
+  def test_registers_offense_when_using_negate_equals_with_message
+    assert_offense(<<~RUBY, @cop)
+      class FooTest < Minitest::Test
+        def test_do_something
+          assert(! 'rubocop-minitest' == object, 'the message')
+          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Prefer using `refute_equal('rubocop-minitest', object, 'the message')` over `assert(! 'rubocop-minitest' == object, 'the message')`.
+        end
+      end
+    RUBY
+
+    assert_correction(<<~RUBY, @cop)
+      class FooTest < Minitest::Test
+        def test_do_something
+          refute_equal('rubocop-minitest', object, 'the message')
+        end
+      end
+    RUBY
+  end
+
+  def test_does_not_register_offense_when_using_refute_equal
+    assert_no_offenses(<<~RUBY, @cop)
+      class FooTest < Minitest::Test
+        def test_do_something
+          refute_equal('rubocop-minitest', actual)
+        end
+      end
+    RUBY
+  end
+end