diff --git a/changelog/fix_false_positive_for_hash_except.md b/changelog/fix_false_positive_for_hash_except.md
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2fe5d0c8171
--- /dev/null
+++ b/changelog/fix_false_positive_for_hash_except.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+* [#11868](https://github.com/rubocop/rubocop/issues/11868): Fix a false positive for `Style/HashExcept` when method's receiver/argument is not the same as block key argument. ([@fatkodima][])
diff --git a/lib/rubocop/cop/style/hash_except.rb b/lib/rubocop/cop/style/hash_except.rb
index f18cf3ef2ca..ead2a6c5adf 100644
--- a/lib/rubocop/cop/style/hash_except.rb
+++ b/lib/rubocop/cop/style/hash_except.rb
@@ -45,13 +45,13 @@ class HashExcept < Base
           (block
             (send _ _)
             (args
-              (arg _)
+              $(arg _)
               (arg _))
             {
-              (send
+              $(send
                 _ {:== :!= :eql? :include?} _)
               (send
-                (send
+                $(send
                   _ {:== :!= :eql? :include?} _) :!)
               })
         PATTERN
@@ -61,13 +61,13 @@ class HashExcept < Base
           (block
             (send _ _)
             (args
-              (arg _)
+              $(arg _)
               (arg _))
             {
-              (send
+              $(send
                 _ {:== :!= :eql? :in? :include? :exclude?} _)
               (send
-                (send
+                $(send
                   _ {:== :!= :eql? :in? :include? :exclude?} _) :!)
               })
         PATTERN
@@ -89,13 +89,24 @@ def on_send(node)
 
         private
 
+        # rubocop:disable Metrics/AbcSize, Metrics/CyclomaticComplexity, Metrics/PerceivedComplexity
         def bad_method?(block)
           if active_support_extensions_enabled?
-            bad_method_with_active_support?(block)
+            bad_method_with_active_support?(block) do |key_arg, send_node|
+              if send_node.method?(:in?) && send_node.receiver&.source != key_arg.source
+                return false
+              end
+              return true if !send_node.method?(:include?) && !send_node.method?(:exclude?)
+
+              send_node.first_argument&.source == key_arg.source
+            end
           else
-            bad_method_with_poro?(block)
+            bad_method_with_poro?(block) do |key_arg, send_node|
+              !send_node.method?(:include?) || send_node.first_argument&.source == key_arg.source
+            end
           end
         end
+        # rubocop:enable Metrics/AbcSize, Metrics/CyclomaticComplexity, Metrics/PerceivedComplexity
 
         def semantically_except_method?(send, block)
           body = block.body
diff --git a/spec/rubocop/cop/style/hash_except_spec.rb b/spec/rubocop/cop/style/hash_except_spec.rb
index 328512c5d06..dd36a7a89c8 100644
--- a/spec/rubocop/cop/style/hash_except_spec.rb
+++ b/spec/rubocop/cop/style/hash_except_spec.rb
@@ -172,6 +172,18 @@
           {foo: 1, bar: 2, baz: 3}.reject { |k, v| ![1, 2].include?(v) }
         RUBY
       end
+
+      it 'does not register an offense when using `reject` and calling `include?` method on a key' do
+        expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+          {foo: 1, bar: 2, baz: 3}.reject { |k, v| k.include?('oo') }
+        RUBY
+      end
+
+      it 'does not register an offense when using `reject` and calling `!include?` method on a key' do
+        expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+          {foo: 1, bar: 2, baz: 3}.reject { |k, v| !k.include?('oo') }
+        RUBY
+      end
     end
 
     context 'using `exclude?`' do
@@ -180,6 +192,18 @@
           {foo: 1, bar: 2, baz: 3}.reject { |k, v| !%i[foo bar].exclude?(k) }
         RUBY
       end
+
+      it 'does not register an offense when using `reject` and calling `exclude?` method on a key' do
+        expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+          {foo: 1, bar: 2, baz: 3}.reject { |k, v| k.exclude?('oo') }
+        RUBY
+      end
+
+      it 'does not register an offense when using `reject` and calling `!exclude?` method on a key' do
+        expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+          {foo: 1, bar: 2, baz: 3}.reject { |k, v| !k.exclude?('oo') }
+        RUBY
+      end
     end
 
     it 'does not register an offense when using `reject` and other than comparison by string and symbol using `==`' do
@@ -457,6 +481,18 @@
             {foo: 1, bar: 2, baz: 3}.except(*array)
           RUBY
         end
+
+        it 'does not register an offense when using `reject` and calling `include?` method on a key' do
+          expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+            {foo: 1, bar: 2, baz: 3}.reject { |k, v| k.include?('oo') }
+          RUBY
+        end
+
+        it 'does not register an offense when using `reject` and calling `!include?` method on a key' do
+          expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+            {foo: 1, bar: 2, baz: 3}.reject { |k, v| !k.include?('oo') }
+          RUBY
+        end
       end
 
       context 'using `exclude?`' do
@@ -544,6 +580,18 @@
             {foo: 1, bar: 2, baz: 3}.reject { |k, v| ![1, 2].exclude?(v) }
           RUBY
         end
+
+        it 'does not register an offense when using `reject` and calling `exclude?` method on a key' do
+          expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+            {foo: 1, bar: 2, baz: 3}.reject { |k, v| k.exclude?('oo') }
+          RUBY
+        end
+
+        it 'does not register an offense when using `reject` and calling `!exclude?` method on a key' do
+          expect_no_offenses(<<~RUBY)
+            {foo: 1, bar: 2, baz: 3}.reject { |k, v| !k.exclude?('oo') }
+          RUBY
+        end
       end
 
       it 'does not register an offense when using `reject` and other than comparison by string and symbol using `==`' do