Update Chalk, and cache Chalk env elaboration through a query

[flodiebold]

This should fix some of the worst performance problems.

[matklad]

bors r+

I wonder, in theory, which repository is responsible for maintaining the relevant benchmarks? I guess at the moment it's rust-analyzer, via analysis-stats, but I wonder if it makes sense to add some kind of benches to chalk? On the first blush, it seems like no, we need a fully integrated compiler to make meaningful perf measurements.

[flodiebold]

There's an issue in the Chalk repo for creating benchmarks: rust-lang/chalk#398
I think it is possible to have meaningful benchmarks in the Chalk repo -- we can make Chalk files out of real-life cases.

[bors]

Build succeeded:

• TypeScript
• Rust (ubuntu-latest)
• Rust (macos-latest)
• Rust (windows-latest)