core docs: rewrite panic::Location::caller with visual line/column numbers

[Paladynee]

no tracking issue

hey, this is my first PR on rust-lang/rust, so hopefully everything goes well.

i noticed the documentation for core::panic::Location::caller was kind of unintelligible (and maybe even wrong due to standalone_crate) and filled with magic numbers, so i provided line and column numbers as a visual guidance as to how it should be used.

edit: uh oh, looks like i pushed changes from random commits unrelated to me, what's going on?
edit2: reverted the unintended changes by this pr

[rustbot]

Some changes occurred in exhaustiveness checking

cc @Nadrieril

Some changes occurred in match lowering

cc @Nadrieril

Some changes occurred in src/tools/clippy

cc @rust-lang/clippy

Some changes occurred in match checking

cc @Nadrieril

Some changes occurred in src/tools/rustfmt

cc @rust-lang/rustfmt

[rustbot]

r? @jackh726

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[rustbot]

This PR was rebased onto a different main commit. Here's a range-diff highlighting what actually changed.

Rebasing is a normal part of keeping PRs up to date, so no action is needed—this note is just to help reviewers.

[theemathas]

r? libs

[Paladynee]

@rustbot label +C-enhancement +A-docs

[rustbot]

Failed to set assignee to label: invalid assignee

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