diff --git a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0807.md b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0807.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..b48cf873d90f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/error_codes/E0807.md
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+The `?` operator was used to return from a `const` or `static` initializer.
+
+Erroneous code example:
+
+```compile_fail,E0807
+const fn foo() -> Result<(), ()> { Ok(()) }
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), ()> {
+    // error: the `?` operator cannot be used to return from a `const` initializer
+    const A: () = foo()?;
+    Ok(A)
+}
+```
+
+To fix this error, either use the `?` operator outside of
+the `const` initializer:
+
+```
+const fn foo() -> Result<(), ()> { Ok(()) }
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), ()> {
+    // store the `Result` in the const and apply `?` later
+    const A: Result<(), ()> = foo();
+    Ok(A?)
+}
+```
+
+or handle each arm explicitly without returning:
+
+```
+const fn foo() -> Result<(), ()> { Ok(()) }
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), ()> {
+    const A: () = match foo() {
+        Ok(x) => x,
+        Err(_) => panic!()
+    };
+    Ok(A)
+}
+```
+
+or use `let` instead of `const`:
+
+```
+const fn foo() -> Result<(), ()> { Ok(()) }
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), ()> {
+    let a = foo()?;
+    Ok(a)
+}
+```
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/lib.rs b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/lib.rs
index eff9b9d323c25..d57c0cfabb80d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/lib.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_error_codes/src/lib.rs
@@ -545,6 +545,7 @@ macro_rules! error_codes {
 0804,
 0805,
 0806,
+0807,
         );
     )
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/errors.rs
index 3f8ac61eed084..f3ee17ca1d0fe 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/errors.rs
@@ -100,6 +100,14 @@ impl IntoDiagArg for ReturnLikeStatementKind {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Diagnostic)]
+#[diag("the `?` operator cannot be used to return from a `{$keyword}` initializer", code = E0807)]
+pub(crate) struct QuestionMarkInConst {
+    #[primary_span]
+    pub span: Span,
+    pub keyword: &'static str,
+}
+
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
 #[diag("functions with the \"rust-call\" ABI must take a single non-self tuple argument")]
 pub(crate) struct RustCallIncorrectArgs {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
index fd9c1bc8780ee..3b083534a41b9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use rustc_hir as hir;
 use rustc_hir::def::{CtorKind, DefKind, Res};
 use rustc_hir::def_id::DefId;
 use rustc_hir::lang_items::LangItem;
-use rustc_hir::{ExprKind, HirId, QPath, find_attr, is_range_literal};
+use rustc_hir::{ConstContext, ExprKind, HirId, QPath, find_attr, is_range_literal};
 use rustc_hir_analysis::NoVariantNamed;
 use rustc_hir_analysis::errors::NoFieldOnType;
 use rustc_hir_analysis::hir_ty_lowering::HirTyLowerer as _;
@@ -44,8 +44,8 @@ use crate::errors::{
     AddressOfTemporaryTaken, BaseExpressionDoubleDot, BaseExpressionDoubleDotAddExpr,
     BaseExpressionDoubleDotRemove, CantDereference, FieldMultiplySpecifiedInInitializer,
     FunctionalRecordUpdateOnNonStruct, HelpUseLatestEdition, NakedAsmOutsideNakedFn,
-    NoFieldOnVariant, ReturnLikeStatementKind, ReturnStmtOutsideOfFnBody, StructExprNonExhaustive,
-    TypeMismatchFruTypo, YieldExprOutsideOfCoroutine,
+    NoFieldOnVariant, QuestionMarkInConst, ReturnLikeStatementKind, ReturnStmtOutsideOfFnBody,
+    StructExprNonExhaustive, TypeMismatchFruTypo, YieldExprOutsideOfCoroutine,
 };
 use crate::op::contains_let_in_chain;
 use crate::{
@@ -862,12 +862,26 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         expr: &'tcx hir::Expr<'tcx>,
     ) -> Ty<'tcx> {
         if self.ret_coercion.is_none() {
-            self.emit_return_outside_of_fn_body(expr, ReturnLikeStatementKind::Return);
+            let expectation = if let Some(desugar_kind) = expr.span.desugaring_kind()
+                && desugar_kind == DesugaringKind::QuestionMark
+                && let Some(ccx) = self.tcx.hir_body_const_context(self.body_id)
+                && matches!(ccx, ConstContext::Const { .. } | ConstContext::Static(_))
+            {
+                let guaranteed = self
+                    .tcx
+                    .dcx()
+                    .emit_err(QuestionMarkInConst { span: expr.span, keyword: ccx.keyword_name() });
+                // Suppresses incorrect and unnecessary "E0283: type annotations needed"
+                ExpectHasType(Ty::new_error(self.tcx, guaranteed))
+            } else {
+                self.emit_return_outside_of_fn_body(expr, ReturnLikeStatementKind::Return);
+                NoExpectation
+            };
 
             if let Some(e) = expr_opt {
                 // We still have to type-check `e` (issue #86188), but calling
                 // `check_return_expr` only works inside fn bodies.
-                self.check_expr(e);
+                self.check_expr_with_expectation(e, expectation);
             }
         } else if let Some(e) = expr_opt {
             if self.ret_coercion_span.get().is_none() {
@@ -986,7 +1000,11 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
     ///
     /// `expr` is the `return` (`become`) "statement", `kind` is the kind of the statement
     /// either `Return` or `Become`.
-    fn emit_return_outside_of_fn_body(&self, expr: &hir::Expr<'_>, kind: ReturnLikeStatementKind) {
+    fn emit_return_outside_of_fn_body(
+        &self,
+        expr: &hir::Expr<'_>,
+        kind: ReturnLikeStatementKind,
+    ) -> ErrorGuaranteed {
         let mut err = ReturnStmtOutsideOfFnBody {
             span: expr.span,
             encl_body_span: None,
@@ -1027,7 +1045,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             err.encl_fn_span = Some(*encl_fn_span);
         }
 
-        self.dcx().emit_err(err);
+        self.dcx().emit_err(err)
     }
 
     fn point_at_return_for_opaque_ty_error(
diff --git a/tests/ui/consts/question-mark-returning-from-initializer.rs b/tests/ui/consts/question-mark-returning-from-initializer.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..74e50f38ae50e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/consts/question-mark-returning-from-initializer.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+//! Regression test for <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/156200>
+
+//! Fixes misleading "return statement outside of function body" message emitted
+//! when `?` was used in a `const`/`static` initializer, even if that initializer
+//! was within a function body
+
+const fn foo() -> Result<(), ()> { Ok(()) }
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), ()> {
+    const A: () = foo()?; //~ ERROR the `?` operator cannot be used to return from a `const` initializer
+    static B: () = foo()?; //~ ERROR the `?` operator cannot be used to return from a `static` initializer
+    Ok(())
+}
diff --git a/tests/ui/consts/question-mark-returning-from-initializer.stderr b/tests/ui/consts/question-mark-returning-from-initializer.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..05bc5f0ee54f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/consts/question-mark-returning-from-initializer.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+error[E0807]: the `?` operator cannot be used to return from a `const` initializer
+  --> $DIR/question-mark-returning-from-initializer.rs:10:24
+   |
+LL |     const A: () = foo()?;
+   |                        ^
+
+error[E0807]: the `?` operator cannot be used to return from a `static` initializer
+  --> $DIR/question-mark-returning-from-initializer.rs:11:25
+   |
+LL |     static B: () = foo()?;
+   |                         ^
+
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0807`.