data/code_alpaca_2k.json

[
      {
            "instruction": "What are the distinct values from the given list?",
            "input": "dataList = [3, 9, 3, 5, 7, 9, 5]",
            "output": "The distinct values from the given list are 3, 5, 7 and 9."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How would you order a sequence of letters alphabetically?",
            "input": "A, B, C, D",
            "output": "The sequence of letters ordered alphabetically is A, B, C, D."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript code to loop over all elements in the given array.",
            "input": "numbersArray = [45, 6, 23, 12, 35]",
            "output": "for(let i = 0; i < numbersArray.length; i++) {\n  console.log(numbersArray[i]);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python function to calculate the factorial of a given number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def factorial(number):\n    fact = 1\n    for i in range(1, number + 1):\n        fact = fact * i\n    return fact"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What would be the output of the following JavaScript snippet?",
            "input": "let area = 6 * 5;\nlet radius = area / 3.14;",
            "output": "The output of the JavaScript snippet is the radius, which is 1.91."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python code to check if a given number is even or odd.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def is_even(number):\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        return True\n    else:\n        return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to select names of all employees who work in the Accounting department.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT Name FROM Employees WHERE Department = 'Accounting';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How would you sort a list of integer numbers in descending order?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The list of integer numbers can be sorted in descending order using the Python's list sorting method: numbers.sort(reverse=True)."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in JavaScript that takes in a string and returns its length.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function stringLength(string){\n    return string.length;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an if-else statement in Java that checks if a given number is between 0 and 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "if (number >= 0 && number <= 10) {\n    System.out.println(\"The number is between 0 and 10.\");\n} else {\n    System.out.println(\"The number is not between 0 and 10.\");\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How would you convert a string to a float in Python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The string can be converted to a float in Python by using the float() method: float(string)."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to select employee names who earn a salary greater than $50,000.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT Name FROM Employees WHERE Salary > 50000;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript program to check if a given string is a palindrome.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function isPalindrome(str){\n    let reversed = str.split('').reverse().join('');\n    return str === reversed;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java code to find the sum of two numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public int sumOfTwo(int a, int b) {\n    return a + b;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the syntax for creating a custom exception in Python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The syntax for creating a custom exception in Python is: class CustomException(Exception):."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate the HTML code for a page with a centered headline that says \"My Portfolio\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n  <head>\n    <title>My Portfolio</title>\n  </head>\n  <body>\n    <center>\n      <h1>My Portfolio</h1>\n    </center>\n  </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a ruby function that takes two strings as parameters and returns true if the two strings are anagrams.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def is_anagram?(str1, str2)\n  return str1.downcase.split(\"\").sort == str2.downcase.split(\"\").sort\nend"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suppose you have an array of objects and you want to sort them by the value of a given key. Write a JavaScript function to do the sorting.",
            "input": "array = [\n  { name: \u201cJohn\u201d, age: 63},\n  { name: \u201cSam\u201d, age: 21},\n  { name: \u201cRob\u201d, age: 42}\n]\nkey = \u201cage\u201d",
            "output": "function sortByKey(array, key) {\n  return array.sort((a, b) => (a[key] > b[key] ? 1 : -1));\n}\nsortByKey(array, \"age\");"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL code to count the number of records in a table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tableName;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Java program to calculate the factorial of a number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class FactorialCalculator {\n \n    public static int calculateFactorial(int number) {\n        int result = 1;\n        for (int i = 2; i <= number; i++) {\n            result *= i;\n        }\n        return result;\n    }\n \n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        System.out.println(calculateFactorial(5));\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite this JavaScript function to use ES6 syntax.",
            "input": "function doubleValue(x) {\n  return x * 2;\n}",
            "output": "const doubleValue = x => x * 2;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an array of strings with only the elements of another array that have a length longer than 5 characters.",
            "input": "array = [\"January\", \"February\", \"March\", \"April\", \"May\", \"June\", \"July\"]",
            "output": "const longNames = array.filter(name => name.length > 5);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a for loop in Python to print out the items in the following list.",
            "input": "list = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]",
            "output": "for item in list:\n  print(item)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a C++ program to compute the sum of two numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n \nint main()\n{\n    int firstNumber, secondNumber, sumOfTwoNumbers;\n    \n    std::cout << \"Enter two integers: \";\n    std::cin >> firstNumber >> secondNumber;\n \n    // sum of two numbers in stored in variable sumOfTwoNumbers\n    sumOfTwoNumbers = firstNumber + secondNumber;\n \n    // Prints sum \n    std::cout << firstNumber << \" + \" <<  secondNumber << \" = \" << sumOfTwoNumbers;     \n    \n    return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite this JavaScript code snippet to take advantage of array destructuring.",
            "input": "let car1 = cars[0];\nlet color1 = car1.color;",
            "output": "let [{color: color1}] = cars;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create SQL code to find the most expensive item in a table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM tableName ORDER BY price DESC LIMIT 1;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Python that takes two lists and returns a new list with elements of the first list followed by the second list.",
            "input": "list1 = [\u2018a\u2019, \u2018b\u2019, \u2018c\u2019]\nlist2 = [1, 2, 3]",
            "output": "def combine_lists(list1, list2):\n    return list1 + list2 \ncombine_lists(list1, list2)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a C# program to perform a linear search on an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static int LinearSearch(int[] inputArray, int key) \n{ \n    int size = inputArray.Length; \n   \n    for (int i=0; i<size; i++) { \n        if (inputArray[i] == key) { \n            return i; \n        } \n    } \n   \n    return -1; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a php code to capitalize the first letter of every word in a string.",
            "input": "string = \u201cwelcome to the world of coding\u201d",
            "output": "<?php \n$string = \u201cwelcome to the world of coding\u201d;\necho ucwords($string);\n?>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a forEach loop to loop over every item in an array and print that item.",
            "input": "array = [\u201capple\u201d, \u201cbanana\u201d, \u201ccherry\u201d]",
            "output": "array.forEach(function(item){\n  console.log(item);\n});"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a shell script to print all odd numbers from 1 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#!/bin/bash \nfor num in {1..10}\n do \n   if (( $num % 2 == 1)) \n   then \n      echo $num\n   fi \n done"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to generate a random number between 0 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function getRandomNumber(){\n  return Math.floor(Math.random() * 10);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to find all records in a table where the city is London.",
            "input": "Table:\n\n|  Name  |  City  |\n|--------|--------|\n|  John  |  NYC   |\n|  Kate  |  London|\n|  Alan  |  London|",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM Table WHERE City = 'London';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program to sort an array of integers in descending order.",
            "input": "Array: [2, 3, 11, 4, 5]",
            "output": "int[] arr = {2, 3, 11, 4, 5};\n\nArrays.sort(arr, Collections.reverseOrder());\n\nSystem.out.println(Arrays.toString(arr));"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to find the total revenue of a company's sales in the month of June.",
            "input": "Table:\n\n|  Orders   |  Date     |  Revenue |\n|-----------|-----------|----------|\n|  Order 1  |  6/15/19  |  $45     |\n|  Order 2  |  6/20/19  |  $80     |\n|  Order 3  |  7/15/19  |  $100    |",
            "output": "SELECT SUM(Revenue) FROM Table WHERE Date LIKE '6/__/19'"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an HTML code snippet to show a button with the text \"Click me!\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<button type=\"button\">Click me!</button>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program to compute the factorial of a given integer.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "// Java program to calculate factorial of a number\npublic class Factorial\n{\n    public static int factorial(int n)\n    {\n        if (n == 0)\n            return 1;\n        \n        return n*factorial(n-1);\n    }\n \n    public static void main(String[] args)\n    {\n        int num = 5;\n        System.out.println(\"Factorial of \"+ num + \" is: \"+factorial(num));\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript code snippet to remove all occurrences of a given substring from a string.",
            "input": "String: 'Hello World!'\nSubstring: 'o'",
            "output": "let str = 'Hello World!';\nlet subStr = 'o';\n\nlet newStr = str.replace(new RegExp(subStr, 'g'), '');\n\nconsole.log(newStr); // Output: Hell Wrld!"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an HTML code snippet to show a hyperlink to an external website.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<a href=\"https://example.com\">Visit external website</a>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python program to check if a given string contains any punctuation character or not.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import string\n\ndef is_punctuation(word):\n    for c in word:\n        if c in string.punctuation:\n            return True\n    return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to calculate the average revenue of the company in the last 3 months.",
            "input": "Table:\n\n|  Orders   |  Date     |  Revenue |\n|-----------|-----------|----------|\n|  Order 1  |  2/15/19  |  $90     |\n|  Order 2  |  3/20/19  |  $30     |\n|  Order 3  |  4/15/19  |  $100    |",
            "output": "SELECT AVG(Revenue) FROM Table WHERE Date >= DATEADD(month, -3, GETDATE())"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Python with 2 input parameters a and b and return a string which contains their product.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def product_string(a, b):\n return \"The product of a and b is \" + str(a * b)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Visual Basic program that prints the given input string in reversed order.",
            "input": "\"Hello!\"",
            "output": "Module Module1\n Sub Main()\n Dim input_string As String = \"Hello!\"\n Dim reversed As String = \"\"\n For i = input_string.Length - 1 To 0 Step -1\n reversed += input_string(i)\n Next\n Console.WriteLine(reversed)\n End Sub\nEnd Module"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query that finds the total number of orders from customers whose name contains \"ar\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM orders WHERE customer_name LIKE '%ar%';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Java program to print out the words of a given string in reverse order.",
            "input": "\"Hello world\"",
            "output": "public class ReverseStr {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        String inputStr = \"Hello world\";\n        String reversedStr = \"\";\n        for(int i = inputStr.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n            reversedStr = reversedStr + inputStr.charAt(i);\n        }\n        System.out.println(reversedStr);\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript program that counts the number of vowels in a given string.",
            "input": "\"Hello world\"",
            "output": "const str = \"Hello world\";\n\nconst countVowels = (str) => {\n    let vowelsCount = 0;\n    for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {\n        if (str[i] === \"a\" || str[i] === \"e\" || str[i] === \"i\" || str[i] === \"o\" || str[i] === \"u\") {\n            vowelsCount += 1;\n        }\n    }\n    return vowelsCount;\n};\n\nconsole.log(countVowels(str));"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite the given code to define a function factorial in Python.",
            "input": "# Factorial\n#n = 5\n#Product = 1\n#for x in range (1,n+1):\n#  Product = Product * x",
            "output": "def factorial(n):\n    product = 1\n    for x in range(1, n+1):\n        product = product * x\n    return product"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to find the names of customers who have placed more than 10 orders.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT customer_name\nFROM orders\nGROUP BY customer_name\nHAVING COUNT(*) > 10;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Java that takes in an integer n as a parameter and returns the sum of the first n natural numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static int sumFirstNNaturalNumbers(int n) {\n int sum = 0;\n for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) {\n sum += i;\n }\n return sum;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript program that takes two strings and returns true if they are pairwise anagrams of each other.",
            "input": "\"anagram\"\n\"margana\"",
            "output": "const pairwiseAnagrams = (str1, str2) => {\n    if (str1.length !== str2.length) return false;\n    \n    const countLetters = (str) => {\n        let obj = {};\n        for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) {\n            let char = str[i];\n            if (!obj[char]) {\n                obj[char] = 1;\n            }\n            else {\n                obj[char]++;\n            } \n        }\n        return obj;\n    }\n    let letterCount1 = countLetters(str1);\n    let letterCount2 = countLetters(str2);\n    for (let letter in letterCount1) {\n        if (letterCount1[letter] !== letterCount2[letter]) return false;\n    }\n    return true;\n};\n\nconsole.log(pairwiseAnagrams(\"anagram\", \"margana\"));"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL Query to find the customer name and order date for all customers who have placed an order yesterday.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT customer_name, order_date\nFROM orders\nWHERE order_date = DATE_SUB(CURDATE(), INTERVAL 1 DAY);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Visual Basic program that prints the even numbers between 1 and the given input number n.",
            "input": "10",
            "output": "Module Module1\n Sub Main()\n Dim n As Integer = 10\n For i As Integer = 2 To n Step 2\n Console.WriteLine(i)\n Next\n End Sub\nEnd Module"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite the given code to sort the list of numbers in ascending order.",
            "input": "numbers = [3, 5, 1, 4, 2]",
            "output": "numbers = [3, 5, 1, 4, 2]\ndef ascending_sort(numbers):\n    for i in range(len(numbers)-1):\n        for j in range(i+1, len(numbers)):\n            if numbers[i] > numbers[j]:\n                temp = numbers[i];\n                numbers[i] = numbers[j];\n                numbers[j] = temp;\n    return numbers\n\nprint(ascending_sort(numbers))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript program that takes in a string and returns the number of pairs of matching letters in the string.",
            "input": "\"mississippi\"",
            "output": "const matchingPairs = (str) => {\n    let count = 0;\n    str = str.toLowerCase();\n    for (let i = 0; i < str.length-1; i++) {\n        if (str[i] === str[i+1]) {\n            count++;\n        }\n    }\n    return count;\n}\nconsole.log(matchingPairs(\"mississippi\"));"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a C++ function that checks if a given integer is an Armstrong number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint getNumDigits(int num) {\n    int digits = 0;\n    while (num > 0) {\n        digits++;\n        num /= 10;\n    }\n    return digits;\n}\n\nbool isArmstrong(int num) {\n    int digits = getNumDigits(num);\n    int sum = 0;\n    int tempNum = num;\n    while (tempNum > 0) {\n        int digit = tempNum % 10;\n        sum += pow(digit, digits);\n        tempNum /= 10;\n    }\n    return sum == num;\n}\n\nint main() {\n    cout << isArmstrong(153) << endl;\n    return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is a possible way to check whether an element exists in a set?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A possible way to check whether an element exists in a set is to use the keyword 'in', which returns True if the element exists and False otherwise."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the difference between a variable and a constant.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A variable is a named location in memory that stores values that can be changed. A constant is a named location in memory that stores a fixed value which cannot be changed."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an HTML code to make a button display a message on a web page.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<button onclick=\"alert('Hello World!')\">Click Me</button>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a correct logic for updating a data field in a table.",
            "input": "Assuming the table \"user\" has a field \"balance\"",
            "output": "UPDATE user\nSET balance = balance + 10\nWHERE condition;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a C++ class to calculate the maximum value in an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class MaxValue\n{\npublic:\n  int maxValue(int numbers[], int length)\n  {\n    int maxValue = numbers[0];\n    for(int i = 1; i < length; ++i)\n    {\n      if(numbers[i] > maxValue)\n        maxValue = numbers[i];\n    }\n    return maxValue;\n  }\n};"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the difference between an abstract class and an interface in Java?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The main difference between an abstract class and an interface in Java is that a class can extend only one abstract class but it can implement multiple interfaces. An abstract class can contain both implemented and unimplemented methods, while an interface can contain only abstract methods."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript code to delete duplicate elements from an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function deleteDuplicates(array) {\n  let unique_array = Array.from(new Set(array))\n  return unique_array\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Amend the following SQL query to select distinct elements.",
            "input": "SELECT * FROM employee;",
            "output": "SELECT DISTINCT * FROM employee;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Identify the correct syntax for an if-else construct in Java.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "if(condition) {\n   // code block to be executed if the condition is true\n} else {\n   // code block to be executed if the condition is false\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python function to sort a string in descending order.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def Descending_Order(str1): \n\tstr1 = sorted(str1, reverse = True) \n\treturn ''.join(str1)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the longest word in a sentence using JavaScript.",
            "input": "This is a sentence with a few words.",
            "output": "function findLongestWord(str) {\n    let words = str.split(\" \");\n    let longestWord = 0;\n\n    for (let i = 0; i < words.length; i++) {\n        if (words[i].length > longestWord) {\n            longestWord = words[i].length;\n        }\n    }\n    return longestWord;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the concept of Data Encapsulation.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Data encapsulation is the process of combining related variables, such as data fields and methods into a single unit, known as a class. Data encapsulation helps simplify the process of software development by binding together data and functions that manipulate that data, making the data more secure and easier to maintain."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Swift function to find the smallest element in an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "func findSml(arr: [Int]) -> Int {\n    var smallest = arr[0]\n\n    for index in 0..<arr.count {\n        if arr[index] < smallest {\n            smallest = arr[index]\n        }\n    }\n    return smallest\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to remove an element from an array in JavaScript.",
            "input": "const array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];",
            "output": "function removeElement(array, element) {\n    let newArray = [];\n    for (let i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {\n        if(array[i] !== element) {\n            newArray.push(array[i]);\n        }\n    }\n    return newArray;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a simple class named Employee in Java.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class Employee {\n \n    private String name;\n    private int age;\n \n    public Employee(String name, int age) {\n        this.name = name;\n        this.age = age;\n    }\n \n    public String getName() {\n        return name;\n    }\n \n    public int getAge() {\n        return age;\n    }\n \n    public void setName(String name) {\n        this.name = name;\n    }\n \n    public void setAge(int age) {\n        this.age = age;\n    }\n \n    @Override\n    public String toString() {\n        return \"Employee{\" +\n                \"name='\" + name + '\\'' +\n                \", age=\" + age +\n                '}';\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a data structure that stores the following data: name, age, and salary.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class EmployeeData {\n \n    private String name;\n    private int age;\n    private float salary;\n \n    public EmployeeData(String name, int age, float salary) {\n        this.name = name;\n        this.age = age;\n        this.salary = salary;\n    }\n \n    public String getName() {\n        return name;\n    }\n \n    public int getAge() {\n        return age;\n    }\n \n    public float getSalary() {\n        return salary;\n    }\n \n    public void setName(String name) {\n        this.name = name;\n    }\n \n    public void setAge(int age) {\n        this.age = age;\n    }\n \n    public void setSalary(float salary) {\n        this.salary = salary;\n    }\n \n    public String toString() {\n        return \"Employee Data { Name: \" + name + \", Age: \" + age + \", Salary: \" + salary + \" }\";\n    }\n \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following HTML structure to include the Bootstrap 4 library.",
            "input": "<html>\n<head>\n    <title>My Web Page</title>\n</head>\n<body>\n\n</body>\n</html>",
            "output": "<html>\n<head>\n    <title>My Web Page</title>\n    <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css\" integrity=\"sha384-JcKb8q3iqJ61gNV9KGb8thSsNjpSL0n8PARn9HuZOnIxN0hoP+VmmDGMN5t9UJ0Z\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\">\n    <script src=\"https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.5.1.slim.min.js\" integrity=\"sha384-DfXdz2htPH0lsSSs5nCTpuj/zy4C+OGpamoFVy38MVBnE+IbbVYUew+OrCXaRkfj\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"></script>\n    <script src=\"https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/popper.js@1.16.1/dist/umd/popper.min.js\" integrity=\"sha384-9/reFTGAW83EW2RDu2S0VKaIzap3H66lZH81PoYlFhbGU+6BZp6G7niu735Sk7lN\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"></script>\n    <script src=\"https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js\" integrity=\"sha384-B4gt1jrGC7Jh4AgTPSdUtOBvfO8shuf57BaghqFfPlYxofvL8/KUEfYiJOMMV+rV\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"></script>\n</head>\n<body>\n\n</body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL query to get the list of employees who have a salary greater than 20,000.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT name \nFROM Employees \nWHERE salary > 20000;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program to compare two strings.",
            "input": "String str1 = \"Hello\";\nString str2 = \"World\";",
            "output": "public class CompareString {\n\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n\n        String str1 = \"Hello\";\n        String str2 = \"World\";\n\n        int result = str1.compareTo(str2);\n\n        if (result < 0) {\n            System.out.println(\"str1 is less than str2\");\n        } else if (result == 0) {\n            System.out.println(\"str1 is equal to str2\");\n        } else {\n            System.out.println(\"str1 is greater than str2\");\n        }\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript program to print the Fibonacci series.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function printFibonacciSeries(number){\n    let num1 = 0;\n    let num2 = 1; \n\n    console.log(num1); \n    let sum;\n    for(let i = 0; i<number; i++){\n        sum = num1 + num2;\n        num1 = num2;\n        num2 = sum;\n        console.log(num1);\n    }   \n}\n\nprintFibonacciSeries(10);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement the bubble sort algorithm in C++.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "void bubbleSort(int arr[], int n)\n{\n   int i, j;\n   for (i = 0; i < n-1; i++)\n \n       // Last i elements are already in place   \n       for (j = 0; j < n-i-1; j++) \n           if (arr[j] > arr[j+1])\n              swap(&arr[j], &arr[j+1]);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a basic web server using Express in Node.js.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "const express = require('express');\nconst app = express();\n\napp.get('/', (req, res) => {\n    res.send('Hello World!');\n});\n\nconst port = 3000;\n\napp.listen(port, () => {\n   console.log(`Server is running on port ${port}`);\n});"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an object named \"Account\" in Python with two attributes: name and balance.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Account:\n    def __init__(self, name, balance):\n        self.name = name\n        self.balance = balance"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to get the list of customers who have the same name as their email address.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT name \nFROM Customers \nWHERE name = email;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program in Ruby to generate all combinations of the characters in a string.",
            "input": "str = \"ABC\"",
            "output": "def combinations(str)\n  result = []\n  0.upto(str.size - 1) do |i|\n    0.upto(str.size - 1) do |j|\n      result << [str[i], str[j]].join\n    end\n  end\n  result\nend\n\nprint combinations('ABC')"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a structure in C to represent a point in a 2-dimentional plane.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "typedef struct {\n    int x;\n    int y;\n} Point;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript program to manipulate an array of string and return only the words containing a given letter.",
            "input": "Given an array [\"work\",\"dog\",\"learn\",\"beyond\",\"monkey\"], and letter 'o'.",
            "output": "var arr = [\"work\",\"dog\",\"learn\",\"beyond\",\"monkey\"];\n \nfunction getWordsWithLetter(array, letter){\n    var result = [];\n    for(var i = 0; i < array.length; i++){\n        if(array[i].includes(letter)){\n            result.push(array[i]);\n        }\n    }\n    return result;\n}\n \nconsole.log(getWordsWithLetter(arr, \"o\"));\n\n// Output:[\"work\", \"dog\", \"learn\"]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function for creating a dictionary in Python using the following logic.",
            "input": "Given data in the format {\"key1\":\"value1\",\"key2\":\"value2\",\"key3\":\"value3\"}",
            "output": "def createDictionary(data):\n    dict_data = {}\n    for key, value in data.items():\n        dict_data[key] = value\n \n    return dict_data"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a SQL query to find the top 5 customer first names along with the total number of purchases made by each.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT customername, COUNT(*) AS 'total_purchases' \nFROM customers \nGROUP BY customername \nORDER BY total_purchases DESC \nLIMIT 5;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a Java program to print the following sequence of numbers.",
            "input": "1,3,7,15,31,?",
            "output": "public class PrintSequence {\n\n  public static void main(String[] args) {\n      int prev = 1;\n      for (int i = 1; i <= 6; i++) {\n         System.out.print(prev + \" \");\n         prev = prev * 2 + 1;\n      }\n   }\n}\n\n// Output: 1 3 7 15 31 63"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suggest a modification to the following C code.",
            "input": "int a,b; \nif (a > b)\nprintf(\"a is greater than b\");",
            "output": "int a,b; \nif (a > b){\n    printf(\"a is greater than b\");\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL query to show the total number of orders in each Month.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT COUNT(orderdate) as 'TotalOrders', MONTH(orderdate) as 'month'\nFROM Orders\nGROUP BY MONTH(orderdate);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a piece of Python code to generate a random number between 1 and 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import random\n\nrandom_number = random.randint(1, 10)\nprint(random_number)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a C++ program to print the nth Fibonacci number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <iostream> \n\nusing namespace std; \n\nint Fibonacci(int n) \n{ \n\tif (n <= 1) \n\t\treturn n; \n\treturn Fibonacci(n-1) + Fibonacci(n-2); \n} \n\nint main() \n{ \n\tint n;\n\tcin >> n;\n\tcout << Fibonacci(n); \n\treturn 0; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a php function to find the length of the longest common string found in two separate strings.",
            "input": "Given two strings: \"abcdabcef\" and \"abcdabxefg\"",
            "output": "<?php\nfunction longest_common_string($s1, $s2) {\n    $m = strlen($s1);\n    $n = strlen($s2);\n  \n    $max=0;\n\n    for ($i=0; $i<=$m; $i++) \n    { \n        for ($j=0; $j<=$n; $j++) \n        { \n            if ($i==0 || $j==0) {\n                $l[$i][$j] = 0; \n            } else if ($s1[$i-1] == $s2[$j-1]) {\n                $l[$i][$j] = $l[$i - 1][$j - 1] + 1; \n                $max = max($max, $l[$i][$j]);\n            } else {\n                $l[$i][$j] = 0; \n            } \n        } \n    }\n    return $max;\n}\n?>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python code snippet to remove the vowels from a given string.",
            "input": "Given string=\"learningpython\"",
            "output": "def removeVowels(string): \n    vowels = ('a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u') \n    for x in string.lower(): \n        if x in vowels: \n            string = string.replace(x, \"\") \n    return string\n\nstring = \"learningpython\"\nprint(removeVowels(string))\n\n// Output: lrngpythn"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Recreate the following matrix using multidimensional array in JavaScript.",
            "input": "Matrix = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]",
            "output": "let matrix = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]];\n \nconsole.log(matrix);\n \n// Output: [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Bash script to calculate the sum of the digits in a given number.",
            "input": "Given the number 4567",
            "output": "#!/bin/bash\n\nsum_digits (){\n  n=$1\n  sum=0\n  while [ $n -gt 0 ]; do\n   rem=$(($n % 10))\n   sum=$(($sum + $rem))\n   n=$(($n / 10))\n  done\n  echo \"$sum\"\n}\n\nsum_digits 4567 \n\n// Output: 24"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a JavaScript program to find the longest common prefix of a given array of strings.",
            "input": "Given array [\"code\", \"codes\", \"codelab\", \"coding\"]",
            "output": "function longestCommonPrefix(arr) {\n    if(arr.length == 0) {\n        return \"\";\n    }\n  \n    let prefix = arr[0];\n  \n    for(let i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {\n        let j = 0;\n        while (j < arr[i].length && j < prefix.length && \n               arr[i][j] === prefix[j]) {\n            j++;\n        }\n        prefix = prefix.substring(0, j);\n    }\n    return prefix;\n}\n\nlet arr = [\"code\", \"codes\", \"codelab\", \"coding\"];\nlet result = longestCommonPrefix(arr);\nconsole.log(result);\n\n// Output: \"code\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a C program to find the sum of all the elements in a given array.",
            "input": "Given array [5, 6, 12, 4, 8]",
            "output": "#include <stdio.h>\n \n// Function to find sum of all elements \nint getSum(int arr[], int n) \n{ \n    int sum = 0; \n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) \n        sum += arr[i]; \n\n    return sum; \n} \n \nint main()\n{\n    int arr[] = { 5, 6, 12, 4, 8 }; \n    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); \n \n    // Function call\n    int sum = getSum(arr, n); \n    printf(\"Sum of array elements is: %d\", sum); \n \n    return 0; \n}\n \n// Output: Sum of array elements is: 35"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct an Objective-C program to check if a given number is a palindrome",
            "input": "Given number 1221",
            "output": "int isPalindrome(int num)\n{ \n    int orig_num, rest, sum= 0;\n    \n    orig_num = num; \n  \n    while (num > 0)\n    {\n        rest = num % 10; \n        sum = (sum * 10) + rest; \n        num = num / 10; \n    } \n  \n    if (orig_num == sum) \n        return 1; \n    \n    return 0;\n} \n  \nint main (void)\n{\n    int num = 1221;\n    \n    if (isPalindrome(num))\n        printf(\"%d is a palindrome.\", num);\n    else\n        printf(\"%d isn't a palindrome.\", num); \n    return 0;\n} \n\n// Output: 1221 is a palindrome."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function that returns the number of days from today till a given date.",
            "input": "given_date=\"2021-02-14\";",
            "output": "function daysUntil(given_date) {\n const today = new Date();\n const expiration = new Date(given_date);\n return Math.ceil((expiration - today)/(1000*60*60*24))\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python class called Student which contains the following fields: name, age, and grade.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Student:\n def __init__(self, name, age, grade):\n  self.name = name\n  self.age = age\n  self.grade = grade"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript array containing 5 fruits.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let fruits = [\"apple\", \"orange\", \"mango\", \"banana\", \"grape\"];"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use TensorFlow 2.0 to create a convolutional neural network (CNN) model to classify different types of flowers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "model = Sequential()\nmodel.add(Conv2D(32, (3, 3), activation='relu', input_shape=(32, 32, 3)))\nmodel.add(Conv2D(64, (3, 3), activation='relu'))\nmodel.add(MaxPooling2D((2, 2)))\nmodel.add(Flatten())\nmodel.add(Dense(128, activation='relu'))\nmodel.add(Dense(5, activation='softmax'))\nmodel.compile(optimizer='adam', loss='categorical_crossentropy', metrics=['accuracy'])"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort the numbers in a given list from biggest to smallest using Ruby.",
            "input": "[3, 5, 2, 1, 4]",
            "output": "def sort_list(list)\n list.sort {|a, b| b<=>a}\nend"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML page containing a login form with the following fields: username, password, and submit button.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n <head>\n  <title>Login Form</title>\n </head>\n <body>\n  <form action=\"/login\" method=\"POST\">\n   <input type=\"text\" name=\"username\" placeholder=\"Username\"/>\n   <input type=\"password\" name=\"password\" placeholder=\"Password\"/>\n   <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\"/>\n  </form>\n </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python function to print an n by n multiplication table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def print_multiplication_table(n): \n for i in range(1, n+1):\n   for j in range(1, n+1):\n     print(i*j, end = ' ')\n   print()"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use a combination of React and JavaScript to create a simple counter application that allows you to increase, decrease, or reset a count.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import React, { useState } from 'react';\n\nfunction App() {\n const [count, setCount] = useState(0);\n\n const increaseCount = () => {\n  setCount(count + 1);\n }\n\n const decreaseCount = () => {\n  setCount(count - 1);\n }\n\n const resetCount = () => {\n  setCount(0);\n }\n\n return (\n  <div>\n    <h1>Counter: {count}</h1>\n    <button onClick={increaseCount}>Increase</button>\n    <button onClick={decreaseCount}>Decrease</button>\n    <button onClick={resetCount}>Reset</button>\n  </div>\n );\n}\n\nexport default App;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C program to remove all vowels from an input string.",
            "input": "string = \"Hello World\"",
            "output": "#include <stdio.h> \n#include <string.h> \n  \nvoid removeVowels(char *str) \n{ \n int i = 0; \n  \n while (str[i]) { \n  if (str[i] == 'A' || str[i]=='E' || str[i]=='I' || \n      str[i]=='O' || str[i]=='U' || str[i]=='a' || \n      str[i]=='e' || str[i]=='i' || str[i]=='o' || \n      str[i]=='u') \n   str[i] = '\\0'; \n  i++; \n } \n} \n  \nint main() \n{ \n char str[] = \"geeksforgeeks\"; \n removeVowels(str); \n printf(\"%s\", str); \n return 0; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript object that stores the chosen values for a survey.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let surveyValues = {\n firstName: \"John\",\n lastName: \"Smith\",\n age: 32,\n gender: \"male\",\n politicalOrientation: \"liberal\"\n};"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C++ function to check if two given strings are anagrams of each other.",
            "input": "string1=\"listen\"; string2=\"silent\";",
            "output": "bool isAnagram(string string1, string string2)  \n{  \n    int n1 = string1.length();  \n    int n2 = string2.length();  \n  \n    if (n1 != n2)  \n    return false;  \n  \n    sort(string1.begin(), string1.end());  \n    sort(string2.begin(), string2.end());  \n  \n    for (int i = 0; i < n1; i++)  \n        if (string1[i] != string2[i])  \n            return false;  \n  \n    return true;  \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML page with a text input form and a submit button.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n <head>\n  <title>Text Input Form</title>\n </head>\n <body>\n  <form action=\"/submit\" method=\"POST\">\n   <input type=\"text\" name=\"input\" placeholder=\"Enter Text\"/>\n   <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\"/>\n  </form>\n </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function that takes two numbers as parameters and returns the sum of those two numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function add(a, b) {\n return a + b;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Ruby program that creates a hash called movies and stores the movie titles extracted from a given array of movie names.",
            "input": "movies_array = [\"Titanic\", \"Star Wars\", \"Jurassic Park\"]",
            "output": "movies = {}\nmovies_array.each do |movie|\n movies[movie] = 1\nend"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL query to display the first name and last name of all customers in the customer table who live in California.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT first_name, last_name  \nFROM customers \nWHERE state = \"California\";"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop a code snippet to get the  value of the key 'name' from the following dictionary.",
            "input": "info = {\n    'name': 'John',\n    'address': '123 Main Street'\n}",
            "output": "name_val = info['name']"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Below is a piece of code in which task you need to make it compatible with Python 3.",
            "input": "print \"Hello World\"",
            "output": "print(\"Hello World\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compress the following string using the gzip module.",
            "input": "my_string = \"This is a string that needs to be compressed!\"",
            "output": "import gzip\n\nwith gzip.open('string.gz', 'wb') as f:\n    f.write(my_string.encode())"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a python program to print the Odd numbers from the list.",
            "input": "my_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]",
            "output": "for i in my_list:\n    if i % 2 == 1:\n        print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a single line of code to convert this list to a set.",
            "input": "my_list = [1,2,3,3,3,3,4]",
            "output": "myset = set(my_list)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Debug the following code to make it run without errors.",
            "input": "def my_func(p1, p2):\n    return p1 - p2\n    \nprint(my_func(4))",
            "output": "def my_func(p1, p2):\n    if p2 is None:\n        p2 = 0\n    return p1 - p2\n    \nprint(my_func(4))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code snippet that counts the number of occurrences of a certain character in a given string.",
            "input": "my_string = \"Hello world!\"\ncharacter = \"l\"",
            "output": "count = my_string.count(character)\nprint(count)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a single line of code to select all the even numbers from the given list.",
            "input": "my_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]",
            "output": "even_list = [num for num in my_list if num % 2 == 0]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function which takes a list as an input and returns a dictionary using  the list values as keys and the corresponding index as value.",
            "input": "my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']",
            "output": "def list_to_dict(lst):\n    return dict((v, i) for i, v in enumerate(lst))\n\ndict_from_list = list_to_dict(my_list)\nprint(dict_from_list)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code snippet to get the fifth element of the following list.",
            "input": "my_list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]",
            "output": "fifth_element = my_list[4]\nprint(fifth_element)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code snippet to change the third-element in the following tuple.",
            "input": "my_tuple = (1,2,3,4,5)",
            "output": "my_tuple = my_tuple[:2] + (10,) + my_tuple[3:]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using the following data structure, write a code snippet to get the value of the key 'dob'.",
            "input": "person = {\n    'name': 'John',\n    'dob': 'Jan 1st, 2000',\n    'address': '123 Main Street'\n}",
            "output": "dob = person['dob']\nprint(dob)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop a code snippet to remove the item from the following list.",
            "input": "my_list = [1,2,3,4,5]",
            "output": "my_list.remove(3)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can we evaluate a Machine learning model?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "We can evaluate a machine learning model by using metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, ROC AUC, F1 score, log loss, etc. We can also use cross-validation such as k-fold validation to estimate the model performance on unseen data. Additionally, we can use validation curves, confusion matrix, and different learning curves to diagnose potential bias or variance problems with the models."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the most frequent 5 words in a string",
            "input": "String = \"Python is a high-level programming language.\"",
            "output": "def most_frequent_words(string):\n    words = string.split(' ')\n    word_freq = {}\n    for word in words:\n        if word in word_freq:\n            word_freq[word] += 1\n        else:\n            word_freq[word] = 1\n    sorted_words = sorted(word_freq.items(), key=lambda x:x[1], reverse=True)\n    return sorted_words[:5]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a loop using \"for\" that prints the numbers 0 to 5",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for i in range(6):\n    print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compute the inverse of a matrix",
            "input": "Matrix = [1,2,3; 4,5,6; 7,8,9]",
            "output": "def inverse_matrix(M):\n    det = M[0][0]*(M[1][1]*M[2][2]- M[2][1]*M[1][2]) - M[0][1]*(M[1][0]*M[2][2]- M[1][2]*M[2][0]) + M[0][2]*(M[1][0]*M[2][1]- M[1][1]*M[2][0])\n    if det == 0:\n        return \"The determinant is 0, so the inverse matrix doesn't exist\"\n    else:\n        inv_matrix = [[(M[1][1]*M[2][2]- M[2][1]*M[1][2])/det, -(M[0][1]*M[2][2] - M[2][1]*M[0][2])/det, (M[0][1]*M[1][2]- M[1][1]*M[0][2])/det],\n                      [-(M[1][0]*M[2][2] - M[2][0]*M[1][2])/det , (M[0][0]*M[2][2] - M[2][0]*M[0][2])/det, -(M[0][0]*M[1][2] - M[1][0]*M[0][2])/det],\n                      [(M[1][0]*M[2][1] - M[2][0]*M[1][1])/det, -(M[0][0]*M[2][1] - M[2][0]*M[0][1])/det, (M[0][0]*M[1][1] - M[1][0]*M[0][1])/det]]\n        return inv_matrix"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the smallest prime number in the list.",
            "input": "List = [4,7,11,13,15]",
            "output": "The smallest prime number in the list is 7."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the given string to camelCase",
            "input": "String = \"this_is_mango\"",
            "output": "def convert_to_camelCase(string):\n    words = string.split('_')\n    words = [word[0].upper() + word[1:] for word in words]\n    return ''.join(words)\n\nconverted_string = convert_to_camelCase(string)\nprint(converted_string)\n# Output: thisIsMango"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to generate a random integer within a given range",
            "input": "Minimum = 10\nMaximum = 20",
            "output": "import random\n\ndef random_int_generator(min_val, max_val):\n    return random.randint(min_val, max_val)\n\nprint(random_int_generator(10, 20))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How would you monitor your model's performance?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "We can monitor our model\u2019s performance by measuring metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, ROC AUC, log loss, etc. We can also create validation curves and learning curves, plot confusion matrices, and perform k-fold cross-validation to evaluate our models. Additionally, we can use scatter plots, regression metrics and train/validation loss plots to visualize how our model performs under different conditions."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Populate the Dictionary with the following keys and values",
            "input": "Key1 : Value1, Key2: Value2",
            "output": "dictionary = {\n    \"Key1\": \"Value1\",\n    \"Key2\": \"Value2\"\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the concept of supervised machine learning",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Supervised machine learning is a type of machine learning algorithm that uses labeled data to train the model. Labeled data is composed of input features and output labels. The input features are used to learn the relationships between the features and labels. Then, the model is tested on unseen data and its performance is evaluated. Supervised machine learning can be used for classification and regression tasks."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Normalize the given data",
            "input": "Data = [-3, 4, 2, 0, 1]",
            "output": "def normalize_data(data):\n    min_value = min(data)\n    max_value = max(data)\n    normalized_data = [(x - min_value) / (max_value - min_value) for x in data]\n    return normalized_data\n\nprint(normalize_data([-3, 4, 2, 0, 1]))\n# Output: [-1.0, 1.0, 0.25, 0.0, 0.5]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the longest palindrome in a given string",
            "input": "String = \"leveled\"",
            "output": "def longest_palindrome(string):\n    s_len = len(string)\n    l_palindrome = \"\"\n\n    i = 0\n    while i < s_len:\n        j = s_len\n        while j > i:\n            if string[i:j] == string[i:j][::-1]:\n                if len(string[i:j]) > len(l_palindrome):\n                    l_palindrome = string[i:j]\n            j -= 1\n        i += 1\n\n    return l_palindrome\n\nprint(longest_palindrome(\"leveled\"))\n# Output: leve"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an algorithm to traverse a binary tree",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def traverse_binary_tree(node): \n    if node is None: \n        return\n  \n    # First visit the root \n    print(node.data) \n  \n    # Traverse Left Subtree \n    traverse_binary_tree(node.left) \n  \n    # Traverse Right Subtree \n    traverse_binary_tree(node.right)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert a given temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit",
            "input": "Temp = 100",
            "output": "def convert_celsius_to_fahrenheit(temp):\n    return temp * 9/5 + 32\n\nprint(convert_celsius_to_fahrenheit(100))\n# Output: 212"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the working of bubble sort algorithm.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Bubble sort is a simple sorting algorithm that repeatedly steps through a list, compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. The pass through the list is repeated until the list is sorted. The algorithm, which is also known as sinking sort, starts at the beginning of the list and compares each pair of adjacent items and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. It then moves onto the next pair, and so on, until it reaches the end of the list. The algorithm needs to be repeated several times until all items are sorted."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a C program that lists all prime numbers between 1 and 50.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include<stdio.h>\nint main()\n{\n    int num, count, i;\n    printf(\"The prime numbers between 1 to 50 are:\\n\");\n    for(num=1; num<=50; num++)\n    {\n        count=0;\n        for(i=2; i<num; i++)\n        {\n            if(num%i==0)\n            {\n                count++;\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n \n        if(count==0)\n            printf(\"%d\\n\",num);\n    }\n  \n    return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to retrieve the maximum salary a department has paid.",
            "input": "Table name: Salary\nColumns: Department_ID, Salary\n\n<noinput>",
            "output": "SELECT MAX(Salary)\nFROM Salary"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain what is a deque (double-ended queue) in Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A deque (short for \"double-ended queue\") is a data structure in Python that allows for the insertion and removal of data from either end of the structure. It is similar to a list but with the added benefit of allowing for elements to be added and removed from both the front and back of the structure giving it O(1) complexity for insertion and deletion compared to a list O(n) insertion and deletion. Deques are often used in applications where quickly inserting and removing elements from both ends of the data structure is necessary."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How is a hash table used in database management?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A hash table is a data structure that is commonly used in database management systems. It is used to quickly store and retrieve data by treating the table as an array by computing a specific data item's index within the table based on a \"hash function\". One of the main benefits of using a hash table is that it allows for quick access to an element through a unique key, and provides a way to immediately locate a specific item in a database without having to traverse the entire database."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program to analyze the sentiment of a given text.",
            "input": "\"I love this software!\"",
            "output": "def analyze_sentiment(text):\n    positive_words = [\"love\", \"like\", \"enjoy\", \"happy\", \"amazing\"]\n    sentiment = 0\n    for word in text.split():\n        if word in positive_words:\n            sentiment += 1\n    return sentiment\n\nsentiment = analyze_sentiment(\"I love this software!\")\nprint(sentiment) # Output: 1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Describe the kernel methods of machine learning?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Kernel methods are a form of machine learning algorithms that are based on \"kernel functions\". These functions map the data into a higher-dimensional space, which allows for a non-linear decision boundary to be created. Kernel functions also allow more complex relationships between the data points to be discovered. This is useful in tasks such as pattern recognition, feature extraction, and numerical optimization. Popular kernel methods include support vector machines, gaussian processes and radial basis functions."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain difference between linear regression and logistic regression.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Linear regression is a type of predictive modeling technique which is used to predict continuous variables like sales, cost, price, etc. Linear regression is used to establish a linear relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.\nLogistic regression is a type of predictive modeling technique which is used to predict a binary outcome like whether a customer will buy a product or not. Logistic regression is used to establish a relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables where the output is in the form of probability, either 0 or 1."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Give an example of a recursive function.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def factorial(n): \n    if n == 1: \n        return 1 \n    else: \n        return n*factorial(n-1)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the output of the following code\n\"print(1 + 2 * 3)\"",
            "input": "",
            "output": "7"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that prints a triangle of specified height.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def triangle(n): \n    for i in range(n): \n        for j in range(i+1): \n            print(\"*\", end=\"\") \n        print(\"\") \n       \ntriangle(4) \n\n# Output:\n# *\n# **\n# ***\n# ****"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a function that takes an array of integers as an argument and returns the median of the array.",
            "input": "[2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13]",
            "output": "def find_median(arr):\n  arr.sort()\n  length = len(arr)\n  if length % 2 == 0:\n    return (arr[(length)//2] + arr[(length)//2 - 1]) / 2\n  else:\n    return arr[(length - 1)//2]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program to count the number of vowels and consonants in a given string.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static int countVowelsAndConsonants(String str) {\n int vowels = 0;\n int consonants = 0;\n for(int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {\n char c = str.charAt(i);\n if(c == 'a' || c == 'e' || c == 'i' || c == 'o' || c == 'u') {\n vowels++;\n }\n else if((c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')) {\n consonants++;\n }\n }\n \n return vowels + consonants;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a program to generate Fibonacci sequence up to the n-th term.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def fibonacci(n):\n  fibarray = [0, 1]\n  for i in range(2,n):\n    fibarray.append(fibarray[i-2] + fibarray[i-1])\n  return fibarray[n-1]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python program to remove all adjacent duplicates from a string.",
            "input": "\"aaabccddd\"",
            "output": "def remove_adjacent_duplicates(string):\n  result = ''\n  for c in string:\n    if result and result[-1] == c:\n      continue\n    result += c\n  return result"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an efficient SQL query to get the second highest salary in a given table named 'employees'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees WHERE salary NOT IN (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employees);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a Java program to sort elements in an array using insertion sort.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static void insertionSort(int arr[]) \n{ \n    int n = arr.length; \n    for (int i = 1; i < n; ++i) { \n        int key = arr[i]; \n        int j = i - 1; \n        while (j >= 0 && arr[j] > key) { \n            arr[j + 1] = arr[j]; \n            j = j - 1; \n        } \n        arr[j + 1] = key; \n    } \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a random string made up of lowercase letters.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import string\nimport random\n\ndef generate_random_string(length):\n    letters = string.ascii_lowercase\n    return ''.join(random.choice(letters) for _ in range(length))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design an algorithm to find the longest common substring between two strings.",
            "input": "\"abcdefgh\" and \"xyzabcde\"",
            "output": "def longest_common_substring(str1, str2):\n\n    n1 = len(str1)\n    n2 = len(str2)\n    result = \"\"\n    len_result = 0\n    mat = [[0 for x in range(n2)] for y in range(n1)]\n\n    for i in range(n1):\n        for j in range(n2):\n            if str1[i] == str2[j]:\n                if i == 0 or j == 0:\n                    mat[i][j] = 1\n\n                else:\n                    mat[i][j] = mat[i-1][j-1]+1\n\n                if mat[i][j]>len_result:\n                    len_result = mat[i][j]\n                    result = str1[i-len_result+1:i+1] # get the actual substring\n\n    return result"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Build a program to convert a given integer to its binary form.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def to_binary(n): \n    if n > 1: \n        to_binary(n//2) \n    print(n % 2,end = '')"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a function to count the number of occurrences of a particular character in a given string.",
            "input": "\"Hello World!\" and 'o'",
            "output": "def count_occurrences(string, char):\n  count = 0\n  for c in string:\n    if c == char:\n      count += 1\n  return count"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Java to calculate the area of a triangle given 3 sides.",
            "input": "Side1 = 4; Side2 = 5; Side3 = 6",
            "output": "public static float triangleArea(float a, float b, float c) {  \n    //calculate the semi-perimeter  \n    float s = (a + b + c) / 2;  \n      \n    //calculate the area  \n    float area = (float)Math.sqrt(s * (s - a) * (s - b) * (s - c));  \n    return area;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you print out the contents of a variable in JavaScript?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "You can use the \"console.log\" function to print out the contents of a variable in JavaScript. The syntax would be \"console.log(variable_name)\"."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a regular expression pattern to match any email address.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The regular expression pattern to match any email address is:\n/^[A-Z0-9._%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+\\.[A-Z]{2,}$/i"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an HTML code snippet to create an anchor link to a website.",
            "input": "The URL is https://www.example.com",
            "output": "<a href=\"https://www.example.com\">Go to example.com</a>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript code to validate a given form.",
            "input": "The form has two input fields named 'username' and 'password'",
            "output": "function validateForm() {\n    let username = document.getElementById('username').value;\n    let password = document.getElementById('password').value;\n\n    if(username.length < 5) {\n        alert('Username should at least have 5 characters!');\n        return false;\n    }\n\n    if(password.length < 8) {\n        alert('Password should at least have 8 characters!');\n        return false;\n    }\n\n    return true;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you check the version of installed Node Package Manager (NPM) package?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "You can run the command \"npm -v\" in the terminal to check the version of an installed NPM package."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C++ code to access JSON data in a given string.",
            "input": "String: {\u201cname\u201d : \u201cJohn\u201d, \u201cage\u201d : 30}",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\n#include <json/json.h>\n\nint main() {\n    std::string json_string = \"{\\\"name\\\" : \\\"John\\\", \\\"age\\\" : 30}\";\n    Json::Value root; \n    Json::Reader reader;\n\n    bool parsedSuccess = reader.parse(json_string, root, false);\n\n    if(!parsedSuccess) {\n        std::cout << \"Failed to parse JSON\" << std::endl;\n        return 1;\n    }\n\n    std::string name = root.get(\"name\", \"\").asString();\n    int age = root.get(\"age\", 0).asInt();\n\n    std::cout << \"Name : \" << name << std::endl;\n    std::cout << \"Age : \" << age << std::endl;\n\n    return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you set a cookie in PHP?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "You can use the setcookie() function to set a cookie in PHP. The syntax is setcookie(\"name\", \"value\", expiration);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Describe any five of the React lifecycle methods.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "1. componentDidMount() - This is called immediately after a component is mounted to the DOM.\n2. componentWillUnmount() - This is called when a component is being unmounted from the DOM.\n3. shouldComponentUpdate() - This method is used to limit unnecessary re-rendering of a component, by returning false when the component's state does not need updating.\n4. getDerivedStateFromProps() - This method is invoked right before calling the render method. It is used for setting state.\n5. componentDidUpdate() - This is called immediately after the component's update is propagated to the DOM. It can be used for updating the DOM in response to prop or state changes."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you run a Python script from the command line?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "You can run a Python script from the command line by using the \"python\" command followed by the name of the Python file. The syntax would be \"python script_name.py\"."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a MySQL query to display the most recent five records from a table named 'products'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM products ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 5;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you convert an integer to a string in Java?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "You can convert an integer to a string in Java by using the Integer.toString() method. The syntax would be \"String str = Integer.toString(int_value)\"."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to calculate average speed of a car based on distance and time.",
            "input": "Distance covered: 20 miles\nTime taken: 40 minutes",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nCreate a function to calculate the average speed of a car.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef avg_speed(distance, time):\n    #Convert minutes to hours \n    time_hours = time/60\n    #Calculate speed\n    speed = distance / time_hours\n    return speed\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    distance = 20\n    time = 40\n    speed = avg_speed(distance, time)\n    print(\"Average speed:\", speed, \"miles/hour\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a loop to print the numbers from 1-10 in Ascending Order.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for i in range(1,11):\n    print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function for reversing a given string.",
            "input": "String : hello world",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nWrite a function for revering a given string.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef reverse_string(string):\n    reversed_str = \"\" \n    for char in string: \n        reversed_str = char + reversed_str \n  \n    return reversed_str \n  \nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    string = \"hello world\"\n    print(\"The original string  is : \",string) \n    print(\"The reversed string is : \",reverse_string(string))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort this input array [1, 6, 4, 3, 0, 9] in ascending order.",
            "input": "[1, 6, 4, 3, 0, 9]",
            "output": "[0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 9]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function for merging two lists.",
            "input": "list1=[21, 56, 78, 4]\nlist2=[56, 98, 19, 34]",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nWrite a function for merging two lists.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef merge_lists(list1, list2):\n    return list1 + list2\n\nif __name__ == '__main__': \n    list1 = [21, 56, 78, 4]\n    list2 = [56, 98, 19, 34]\n    print(\"Merged list: \",merge_lists(list1, list2))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to get the records of employee name whose salary is higher than 10000.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT name FROM employee WHERE salary > 10000;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the given list ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'mango'] to a Dictionary",
            "input": "['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'mango']",
            "output": "dict = {'apple': 0, 'banana': 1, 'cherry': 2, 'mango': 3}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that calculates the total cost based on quantity of items and price.",
            "input": "Quantity: 4\nPrice: $20",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nCreate a function that calculates the total cost based on quantity of items and price.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef total_cost(quantity, price):\n    return quantity * price\n\nif __name__ == '__main__': \n    quantity = 4\n    price = 20\n    print(\"The total cost is: \", total_cost(quantity, price))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to sort an input array of 3 numbers [10, 9, 8] in Descending Order.",
            "input": "[10, 9, 8]",
            "output": "array = [10, 9, 8]\n\n# Sort array in descending order\narray.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(array)  # [10, 9, 8]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a for loop to generate a list of the form [0, 2, 6, 12, 20].",
            "input": "",
            "output": "# Construct a for loop to generate a list of the form [0, 2, 6, 12, 20]\n\nlist = []\n\nfor i in range(5):\n    list.append(i*(i+1))\n\nprint(list) # [0, 2, 6, 12, 20]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program in Java that takes in an array of integers and returns the sum of all the elements.",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "public static int sumIntArray(int[] arr) { \n  \n    int sum = 0; \n  \n    for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) \n        sum += arr[i]; \n  \n    return sum; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Build an SQL query to select all rows from the table \"customers\" where the first column contains the value \"John\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE customers.c1 = 'John';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design and implement an HTML form that supports a two-level drop down menu.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<form>\n    <select>\n        <option value=\"level1\">Level 1</option>\n            <optgroup label=\"Level 2\">\n                <option value=\"2.1\">Option 2.1</option>\n                <option value=\"2.2\">Option 2.2</option>\n                <option value=\"2.3\">Option 2.3</option>\n            </optgroup>\n    </select>\n    <input type=\"submit\">\n</form>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program in C# to generate a random password of length 8 characters that contains alphanumeric characters.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static string GeneratePassword(int length){\n    string chars = \"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789\";\n    var stringChars = new char[length];\n    var random = new Random();\n   \n    for (int i = 0; i < stringChars.Length; i++)\n    {\n        stringChars[i] = chars[random.Next(chars.Length)];\n    }\n   \n    return new String(stringChars);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in R that prints the factorial of a given number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "factorial <- function(x) {\n  if (x <= 1)\n    return(1)\n  else\n    return(x * factorial(x-1))\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a regex expression that validates a given password based on a given criteria.",
            "input": "Password must have at least one lowercase letter, one uppercase letter, one number and should be at least 6 characters long.",
            "output": "^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*[0-9])[a-zA-Z0-9]{6,}$"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript code to get the length of an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let arr = [1, 2, 3];\nlet arrLength = arr.length;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a MySQL query to retrieve all rows from a table that have a certain value in one column.",
            "input": "Table Name: customers \nSearch Value: John",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE customers.c1 = 'John'"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a CSS code to set the font size of a paragraph to 12px.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "p {\n font-size: 12px;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Ruby program to count the number of times a given character appears in a string.",
            "input": "String: \"Apple\", Character: 'p'",
            "output": "def count_char(string, char)\n  count = 0\n  string.each_char { |c| count += 1 if c == char }\n  count\nend\n\nputs count_char('Apple', 'p')"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop a C program to calculate the mean of a given array of integers.",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3, 4]",
            "output": "#include <stdio.h>\n \nint main() \n{\n    int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4};\n    int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]); \n    float mean = getMean(arr, n); \n    printf(\"Mean = %.2f\", mean); \n    return 0; \n} \n\nfloat getMean(int arr[], int n) \n{ \n    int sum = 0; \n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) \n    sum += arr[i]; \n \n    return (float)sum/(float)n; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a Django code for creating a Web application.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "from django.conf.urls import url\nfrom .import views\n\nurlpatterns = [\n    url(r'^$', views.my_view, name='my_view'),\n]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Code a PHP program to delete a value from an associative array whose key is given.",
            "input": "Array: ['Name' => 'John', 'Age' => 20], Key: 'Name'",
            "output": "$arr = array('Name' => 'John', 'Age' => 20);\n\nfunction deleteValue($arr, $key) {\n   if (array_key_exists($key, $arr)) {\n    \tunset($arr[$key]);\n   }\n   return $arr;\n} \n\n$arr = deleteValue($arr, 'Name');"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a Java program to sort an array of strings alphabetically.",
            "input": "[\"cat\", \"dog\", \"elephant\", \"apple\"]",
            "output": "public class sortingExample {\n    public static void main(String[] args)\n    {\n        String[] words = { \"cat\", \"dog\", \"elephant\", \"apple\" };\n        Arrays.sort(words);\n\n        System.out.println(\"Sorted words: \" + Arrays.toString(words));\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to return the length of the longest word in a given sentence.",
            "input": "sent = \"This is a sample sentence with a lot of words.\"",
            "output": "def find_longest_word_length(sent):\n  # split the sentence into words \n  words = sent.split()\n\n  # iterate through words and find the length of the longest one\n  longest_word_length = 0\n  for word in words:\n    word_length = len(word)\n    if word_length > longest_word_length:\n      longest_word_length = word_length\n  \n  # return the longest word length\n  return longest_word_length"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort the following items in numerical order using the bubble sort algorithm in Python.",
            "input": "arr = [2, 4, 1, 4, 6]",
            "output": "def bubbleSort(arr):\n n = len(arr)\n # Traverse through all array elements \n for i in range(n): \n\t# Last i elements are already in place \n\tfor j in range(0, n-i-1): \n\t\t# Traverse the array from 0 to n-i-1 \n\t\t# Swap if the element found is greater \n\t\t# than the next element \n\t\tif arr[j] > arr[j+1] : \n\t\t\tarr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j]\n\n# Driver code to test above \narr = [2, 4, 1, 4, 6]\nbubbleSort(arr) \nprint (\"Sorted array is:\") \nfor i in range(len(arr)): \n\tprint (\"%d\" %arr[i]),"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write code to print the square root of a given number using the Newton-Raphson Method in Java.",
            "input": "number = 25",
            "output": "import java.util.Scanner;\n\npublic class SquareRootByNewtonRaphson {\n\n\tpublic static void main(String[] args) {\n\t\tdouble number, root;\n\t\t\n\t\tScanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);\n\t\t\n\t\tSystem.out.print(\"Enter the number: \");\n\t\tnumber = scan.nextDouble();\n\t\t\n\t\troot = number / 2;\n\t\t\n\t\twhile (root - (number / root) > 0.001) {\n\t\t  root = (root + (number / root)) / 2;\n\t\t}\n\t\t \n\t\tSystem.out.println(\"Square root of \"+number+\" is: \"+root);\n\t\t\n\t\tscan.close();\n\t}\n\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an algorithm to print the sum of all elements from a given array in Java.",
            "input": "int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};",
            "output": "public class SumOfArrayElements {\n\n\tpublic static void main(String args[]) {\n\t\tint[] arr = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };\n\t\t\n\t\t// Initializing sum\n\t\tint sum = 0;\n\t\t\n\t\t// Iterating array elements\n\t\tfor(int i=0; i<arr.length; i++)\n\t\t\tsum += arr[i];\n\t\t\n\t\tSystem.out.println(\"Sum of array elements is: \" + sum);\n\t}\n\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a C++ program to find the last occurrence of a given character in a string.",
            "input": "String s = \"Hello world\";",
            "output": "#include<iostream>\n#include<string>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint last_occurrence(string s, char c) \n{ \n  int n = s.length(); \n  \n  int index = -1;\n  for (int i = 0; i<n; i++) { \n    if (s[i] == c)\n      index = i;\n  } \n  \n  return index;\n} \n\nint main() \n{ \n  string s = \"Hello world\"; \n  char c = 'l'; \n  cout << \"Last occurrence of the character '\" << c\n       << \"' is at position \" << last_occurrence(s, c); \n  return 0; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript code to find an element using its index in an array.",
            "input": "const array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];\nconst index = 3;",
            "output": "let element = array[index];\nconsole.log(element); // Output: 4"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Change the following Python code to find the mode of a list.",
            "input": "list_numbers = [2, 4, 2, 6, 4]",
            "output": "def mode_in_list(list_numbers): \n    count_dict = {} \n    for num in list_numbers: \n        if num in count_dict: \n            count_dict[num] += 1\n        else: \n            count_dict[num] = 1\n    max_count = 0\n    mode_num = 0\n    for num in list_numbers: \n        if count_dict[num] > max_count: \n            max_count = count_dict[num] \n            mode_num = num \n  \n    return mode_num \n\nlist_numbers = [2, 4, 2, 6, 4]\nmode_in_list(list_numbers) # Output: 2"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Go code to delete a given element from an array.",
            "input": "arr = []int{2, 3, 4, 5, 7}\ndelete_element = 4",
            "output": "package main\n\nimport \"fmt\"\n\nfunc deleteElement(arr []int, deleteElement int) []int {\n    // Create an empty array\n\tvar result []int\n\n\t// Iterate through the input array\n\tfor _,num := range arr {\n\t\t// Append the non-deleted element to the empty array\n\t\tif num != deleteElement {\n\t\t\tresult = append(result, num)\n\t\t}\n\t}\n\t// Return the result array\n\treturn result\n}\n\nfunc main() {\n\tarr := []int{2, 3, 4, 5, 7}\n\tdelete_element := 4\n\t\n\tfmt.Println(\"Resultant array after deletion is :\", deleteElement(arr, delete_element))\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find all even numbers in a given array in C.",
            "input": "int arr[] = {2, 4, 6, 7, 9};",
            "output": "#include <stdio.h>\n\n// Function to find all even numbers in the array\nvoid findEven(int arr[], int n)\n{\n\t// Iterate through all array elements\n\tfor (int i = 0; i < n; i++)\n\t{\n\t\t// if current arrray element is even\n\t\tif (arr[i] % 2 == 0)\n\t\t{\n\t\t\t// print even number\n\t\t\tprintf(\"%d \", arr[i]);\n\t\t}\n\t}\n}\n\nint main()\n{\n\tint arr[] = {2, 4, 6, 7, 9};\n\n\tint n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);\n\n\tfindEven(arr, n);\n\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\n// Output: 2 4 6"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a MySQL query for finding the employees that are paid more than any other employees with the same job.",
            "input": "Employee table: \nid | job | salary",
            "output": "SELECT\n    a.id,\n    a.job,\n    a.salary\nFROM Employee a\nJOIN (\n    SELECT job, MAX(salary) AS salary\n    FROM Employee\n    GROUP BY job\n) b ON a.job = b.job AND a.salary = b.salary;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a program to convert a Celsius temperature to Fahrenheit temperature in Python.",
            "input": "celsius = 37.5",
            "output": "def celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius):\nfahrenheit = 9/5*celsius + 32\nreturn fahrenheit\n\ncelsius = 37.5\nfahrenheit = celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius)\nprint('%.2f Celsius is equal to %.2f Fahrenheit' %(celsius, fahrenheit))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to find the largest number from an array in JavaScript.",
            "input": "var arr = [2, 5, 9, 6, 4, 0];",
            "output": "function findLarge(arr) {\n  // set max to first element of the array\n  let max = arr[0];\n  \n  // iterate over array \n  for (let i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {\n    // if current element is larger than max, then make it max\n    if (arr[i] > max) max = arr[i];\n  }\n  // return the max element\n  return max;\n}\n\nlet arr = [2, 5, 9, 6, 4, 0];\nconsole.log(findLarge(arr)); // Output: 9"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Bash script to print the sum of two given numbers.",
            "input": "a=4\nb=5",
            "output": "#!/bin/bash\n# Input numbers\na=4\nb=5\n\n# Calculate the sum\nsum=$(($a + $b))\n\n# Print the result\necho \"Sum is: $sum\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to produce the following output:",
            "input": "ABC",
            "output": "ABC\nCBA"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a short C++ program to search for a given number in a given array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n\nbool searchNumber(int arr[], int size, int numToSearch) \n{ \n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) { \n        if (arr[i] == numToSearch) \n            return true; \n    } \n    return false; \n} \n\nint main() \n{ \n    int arr[] = {8, 5, 6, 2, 9}; \n    int size = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); \n  \n    int numToSearch = 6; \n  \n    if (searchNumber(arr, size, numToSearch)) \n        std::cout << \"Number found\"; \n    else\n        std::cout << \"Number not found\"; \n  \n    return 0; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to find all the products whose price is greater than 40.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM products WHERE price > 40;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a Java program to find the maximum of two numbers using Scanner.",
            "input": "45, 25",
            "output": "import java.util.Scanner;\n\npublic class Maximum {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);\n        int num1 = sc.nextInt();\n        int num2 = sc.nextInt();\n        int max;\n        if (num1 > num2)\n            max = num1;\n        else\n            max = num2;\n        System.out.println(\"The maximum of \"+ num1 + \" and \" + num2 +\" is: \"+ max);\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to print the following operations with result.",
            "input": "7, 8",
            "output": "#include <stdio.h>\n\nint main() \n{ \n    // Declaring two variables \n    int a = 7, b = 8; \n  \n    // Printing the value of a, b and result \n    printf(\"%d + %d = %d\\n\", a, b, a + b); \n    printf(\"%d - %d = %d\\n\", a, b, a - b); \n    printf(\"%d * %d = %d\\n\", a, b, a * b); \n    printf(\"%d / %d = %d\\n\", a, b, a / b); \n    printf(\"%d %% %d = %d\\n\", a, b, a % b); \n    return 0; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript function to find the average of 3 given numbers.",
            "input": "7, 8, 11",
            "output": "function findAverage(a, b, c) {\n  let avg = (a + b + c) / 3;\n  return avg;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an HTML page that displays a table containing the following columns: \"Name\", \"Age\", and \"Marital Status\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n<head>\n  <title>Example Table</title>\n</head>\n<body>\n  <table>\n    <tr>\n      <th>Name</th>\n      <th>Age</th>\n      <th>Marital Status</th>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>John</td>\n      <td>25</td>\n      <td>Single</td>\n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>Jane</td>\n      <td>30</td>\n      <td>Married</td>\n    </tr>\n  </table>\n</body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate the output of the following Ruby code snippet.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "# Prints out the numbers 1-10\n10.times { |n| puts n+1 }\n\n# Output\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Kotlin to find the maximum of two numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "fun findMax(a: Int, b: Int) : Int {\n   return if (a > b) a else b\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Produce a list of all the odd numbers from 1 to a given number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def getOddNumbers(n):\n  for number in range(1, n+1):\n    if number % 2 != 0:\n      print(number, end = ' ')\n\ngetOddNumbers(10)\n\n# Output\n1 3 5 7 9"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a CSS style sheet that changes the background color of the web page to pink.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "body {\n  background-color: pink;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python function to count the number of words in a sentence.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def count_words(sentence):\n    # Split the sentence into a list of words\n    words = sentence.split()\n\n    # Return the length of the list\n    return len(words)\n\nsentence = \"This is a test sentence\"\nprint(\"The number of words in the sentence is \" + str(count_words(sentence)))\n\n# Output\nThe number of words in the sentence is 4"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a basic HTML page that renders a heading, a description of the page, and a photo.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n  <head>\n    <title>My Page</title>\n  </head>\n  <body>\n    <h1>My Page</h1>\n    <p>This is my first HTML page.</p>\n    <img src=\"sample-image.jpg\" alt=\"sample image\">\n  </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes a list of strings as an argument and prints out the longest string.",
            "input": "arr = [\"Hello\", \"Welcome\", \"to\", \"the\", \"world\"]",
            "output": "def longest_string(arr):\n    longest = arr[0]\n    for string in arr:\n        if len(string) > len(longest):\n            longest = string\n    print(longest)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to find the pairs of numbers in a list whose sum is equal to a given number.",
            "input": "arr = [2, 3, 4, 5, 7]\nsum = 9",
            "output": "def find_pair_sum(arr, sum):\n    result = list()\n    for i in range(len(arr)-1):\n        for j in range(i+1, len(arr)):\n            if arr[i] + arr[j] == sum:\n                result.append((arr[i], arr[j]))\n    return result\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    arr = [2, 3, 4, 5, 7]\n    sum = 9\n    result = find_pair_sum(arr, sum)\n    print(result)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to find the most common word in a text string.",
            "input": "text = \"I am the most common word in this string\"",
            "output": "def most_common_word(text):\n    words = text.split()\n    word_counts = {}\n    for word in words:\n        if word in word_counts:\n            word_counts[word] += 1\n        else:\n            word_counts[word] = 1\n    most_common = ''\n    max_count = 0\n    for word in word_counts:\n        if word_counts[word] > max_count:\n            max_count = word_counts[word]\n            most_common = word\n    return most_common"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use a stack data structure to sort a given array of numbers in descending order.",
            "input": "arr = [3, 5, 2, 6, 1, 4]",
            "output": "def sort_array(arr):\n    stack = []\n    for i in range(len(arr)):\n        max_num = 0\n        for j in range(len(arr)):\n            if arr[j] > max_num:\n                max_num = arr[j]\n        stack.append(max_num)\n        arr.remove(max_num)\n    return stack"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite this code to make it secure.",
            "input": "def get_password():\n    pw = input(\"Enter password: \")\n    return pw",
            "output": "def get_password():\n    import getpass\n    pw = getpass.getpass(\"Enter password: \")\n    return pw"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a API call and some output data, create a CURL command to make the API call and get the output data.",
            "input": "API Endpoint: http://api.example.com/example\nOutput Data: Response should be in JSON format",
            "output": "curl http://api.example.com/example -H \"Accept: application/json\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the number of days between two dates.",
            "input": "date1 = \"Jan 1, 2020\"\ndate2 = \"Jan 4, 2020\"",
            "output": "from datetime import datetime\ndef num_days_between(date1, date2):\n    d1 = datetime.strptime(date1, \"%b %d, %Y\")\n    d2 = datetime.strptime(date2, \"%b %d, %Y\")\n    return (d2 - d1).days"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to create a binary search tree",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Node:\n    def __init__(self, data):\n        self.data = data\n        self.left = None\n        self.right = None\n\nclass BinarySearchTree:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.root = None\n\n    def insert(self, data):\n        node = Node(data)\n        if self.root is None:\n            self.root = node\n        else:\n            self._insert(self.root, node)\n\n    def _insert(self, current, new_node):\n        if current.data < new_node.data:\n            if current.right is None:\n                current.right = new_node\n            else:\n                self._insert(current.right, new_node)\n        else:\n            if current.left is None:\n                current.left = new_node\n            else:\n                self._insert(current.left, new_node)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to insert a node in a linked list at a given index.",
            "input": "head->5->7->6->NULL\nvalue: 10\nindex: 2",
            "output": "class Node:\n    def __init__(self, data):\n        self.data = data\n        self.next = None\n\ndef insertNodeAtIndex(head, value, index):\n    if index == 0:\n        new_node = Node(value)\n        new_node.next = head\n        return new_node\n    curr = head\n    for i in range(index - 1):\n        curr = curr.next\n    if curr is None:\n        return head\n    else:\n        new_node = Node(value)\n        new_node.next = curr.next\n        curr.next = new_node\n    return head"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to check if a given tree is a perfect binary tree.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def is_perfect(root):\n    if root is None: \n        return True\n    if root.left is None and root.right is None: \n        return True\n    if root.left is not None and root.right is not None: \n        return (is_perfect(root.left) and is_perfect(root.right)) \n    return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to find the employee with the highest salary in a given company.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT *\nFROM employee \nWHERE salary = (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM employee);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to convert a 2D array into a single array.",
            "input": "arr = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]",
            "output": "def flatten(arr):\n    result = []\n    for subarr in arr:\n        result.extend(subarr)\n    return result"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a NxN matrix of numbers, rotate it by 90 degrees.",
            "input": "matrix = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]",
            "output": "def rotateMatrix(matrix):\n    n = len(matrix[0])\n    result = [[0 for x in range(n)] for y in range(n)]\n    for i in range(n):\n        for j in range(n):\n            result[i][j] = matrix[n-1-j][i]\n    return result"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to generate a random password of length 8 with upper and lower cases, digits and special characters.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import random\nimport string\n\ndef generate_password(length):\n    all_characters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + string.punctuation\n    return ''.join(random.choice(all_characters) for _ in range(length))\n\nif __name__ == \"__main__\":\n    password = generate_password(8)\n    print(password)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to find the median of a given array of numbers.",
            "input": "arr = [1, 12, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8]",
            "output": "def find_median(arr):\n    arr.sort()\n    length = len(arr)\n    if length % 2 == 0:\n        median = (arr[length // 2] + arr[length // 2 - 1]) / 2\n    else:\n        median = arr[length // 2]\n    return median"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design an algorithm to determine the divisibility of a positive integer by 7.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Define a function that takes a positive integer as input.\nFirst, check if the integer is divisible by 7.\nIf so, print \"Divisible\".\nElse, calculate the remainder of the integer divided by 7, then compare it with previous remainders obtained by dividing the integer by successive powers of 10.\nIf the remainder matches, print \"Divisible\". Else, print \"Not divisible\"."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Based on the following pseudocode, answer the question - what is the output of this program?",
            "input": "A = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nB = [2, 3, 4, 5]\nC = [3, 4, 5, 6]\n\nfor (i in A){\n print (B[i] * C[i])\n}",
            "output": ""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Java program to reverse a sentence.",
            "input": "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog",
            "output": "dog lazy the over jumped fox brown quick The"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python function that takes a list of numbers and returns the largest number in the list.",
            "input": "[2, 4, 9, 17, 32]",
            "output": "def get_max(input_list):\n max_num = None\n for num in input_list:\n if max_num is None or num > max_num:\n max_num = num\n\n return max_num"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an empty JavaScript class named Point.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Point {\n constructor(){}\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to join two tables together, table_1 and table_2, with a common column named ID.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT *\nFROM table_1\nINNER JOIN table_2\nON table_1.ID = table_2.ID"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript function that takes in an array of strings and returns a new array with all strings in reverse order.",
            "input": "[\"cat\", \"dog\", \"mouse\"]",
            "output": "function reverseArray (inputArray) {\n const reversedArray = []\n for (let i = inputArray.length-1; i>=0; i--) {\n reversedArray.push(inputArray[i]);\n }\n return reversedArray;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program that reads in two integers and prints out the remainder when divided.",
            "input": "34, 12",
            "output": "import java.util.Scanner;\n\npublic class Remainder {\n public static void main (String [] args) {\n Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);\n \n int a = in.nextInt();\n int b = in.nextInt();\n \n int remainder = a % b;\n \n System.out.println(\"The remainder is \" + remainder);\n in.close();\n }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python function that takes in a list of numbers and returns all numbers whose cube is greater than the number itself.",
            "input": "[2, 3, 5, 7, 10]",
            "output": "def cube_greaterthan_self(nums):\n res = []\n for num in nums:\n if (num*num*num) > num:\n res.append(num)\n return res"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript class named Person with properties name, age, and address.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Person {\n constructor(name, age, address) {\n this.name = name;\n this.age = age;\n this.address = address;\n }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python program to find the sum of all even numbers from 0 to n.",
            "input": "10",
            "output": "def find_sum_even_numbers(n):\n sum = 0\n for i in range(2, n+1, 2):\n sum += i\n return sum"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a CSS style sheet to change the font size of a button element to 20px.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "button {\n font-size: 20px;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program that takes in a URL and prints out the status code.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import java.io.IOException;\nimport java.net.HttpURLConnection;\nimport java.net.URL;\n\npublic class UrlStatus {\n public static void main(String[] args) {\n try {\n URL url = new URL(\"http://example.com\");\n HttpURLConnection http = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();\n http.connect();\n int responseCode = http.getResponseCode();\n System.out.println(\"Status code: \" + responseCode);\n }\n catch (IOException e) {\n e.printStackTrace();\n }\n }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a HTML page with a list of items.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n <head>\n <title>My List</title>\n </head>\n <body>\n <h1>My List</h1>\n <ul>\n  <li>Item 1</li>\n  <li>Item 2</li>\n  <li>Item 3</li>\n </ul>\n </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an algorithm to sort a provided array of numbers in ascending order.",
            "input": "[12, 15, 3, 45, 7, 51]",
            "output": "def ascending_sort(arr):\n    for i in range(len(arr)):\n        min_val = min(arr[i:])\n        min_arr_idx = arr[i:].index(min_val)\n        arr[i], arr[i + min_arr_idx] = min_val, arr[i]\n    return arr\n\nascending_sort(arr)\n# Output: [3, 7, 12, 15, 45, 51]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program to check whether a given number is a prime number or not.",
            "input": "9",
            "output": "def is_prime(num):\n    if num == 1 or num == 0:\n        return False\n    \n    for i in range(2, num):\n        if num % i == 0:\n            return False\n    return True\n\nis_prime(9) # Output: False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in JavaScript to check if two strings are anagrams or not.",
            "input": "'anagram', 'nagaram'",
            "output": "function isAnagram(str1, str2) {\n    const cleanStr1 = str1.replace(/[^\\w]/g, '').toLowerCase();\n    const cleanStr2 = str2.replace(/[^\\w]/g, '').toLowerCase();\n\n    if (cleanStr1.length !== cleanStr2.length) {\n        return false;\n    }\n    \n    const str1Obj = {};\n    for (let char of cleanStr1) {\n        str1Obj[char] = (str1Obj[char] || 0) + 1;\n    }\n\n    for (let char of cleanStr2) {\n        if (!str1Obj[char]) {\n            return false;\n        } else {\n            str1Obj[char] -= 1\n        }\n    }\n    return true;\n}\n\nisAnagram('anagram','nagaram') # Output: true"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a random number between 0 and 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Math.floor(Math.random() * 11)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain when to use list comprehensions in Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "List comprehensions are a concise and memory-efficient way of creating lists in Python. They can be used to create quickly new lists from existing ones by applying conditionals and other operations on the elements such as filtering and transforming. They are often used to filter existing lists based on conditions and also to modify each element of the list."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program to determine if a given year is a leap year or not.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def is_leap_year(year):\n    if (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0) or (year % 400 == 0):\n        return True\n    else:\n        return False\n\nis_leap_year(2019) # Output: False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an algorithm to find the maximum number in a given array.",
            "input": "[54, 12, 11, 67, 87]",
            "output": "def max_in_arr(arr):\n    max_num = arr[0]\n    for i in arr[1:]:\n        if i > max_num:\n            max_num = i\n    return max_num\n\nmax_in_arr([54, 12, 11, 67, 87]) # Output: 87"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the given code of Python to remove unnecessary commas from the list.",
            "input": "list = [2, 3, 4, 5, 'hello', 6, 7]",
            "output": "list = [2, 3, 4, 5, 'hello', 6, 7]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Identify which of the following is a variable and which is a value.",
            "input": "'Hello', 8",
            "output": "'Hello' is a value and 8 is a variable."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the differences between a while loop and a for loop in Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The main difference between a while loop and a for loop is that a while loop runs until a certain condition is met and a for loop runs over a sequence of items. While loops are typically used when the number of iterations is unknown, while for loops are used to iterate over a sequence of values such as a list or a range of numbers. While loops can also be used when there is a need to perform a set of operations until the condition is broken."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python program to find the sum of first 10 natural numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "# Sum of first 10 natural numbers\n\ndef sum_natural_numbers(n):\n    total = 0\n    for num in range(1, n + 1):\n        total += num\n    return total\n\nsum_natural_numbers(10) # Output: 55"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C++ program to check whether a number is odd or even.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n    int num;\n    cout << \"Enter a number: \";\n    cin >> num;\n    \n    if (num % 2 == 0)\n        cout << num << \" is even\";\n    else\n        cout << num << \" is odd\";\n    \n    return 0; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program to calculate the average of ten numbers.",
            "input": "[23, 5, 17, 39, 32, 27, 44, 99, 11, 43]",
            "output": "def avg_of_ten(arr):\n    total = 0\n    for num in arr:\n        total += num\n    return total / len(arr)\n\navg_of_ten([23, 5, 17, 39, 32, 27, 44, 99, 11, 43]) # Output: 35.1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to sort an array of numbers.",
            "input": "[20,4,9,1,2]",
            "output": "def sortArray(arr):\n    arr.sort()\n    return arr"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a method to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def c_to_f(celsius):\n    fahrenheit = (celsius * 1.8) + 32\n    return fahrenheit"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a website using HTML and CSS.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n\n<head>\n    <title>My Website</title>\n    <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"style.css\">\n<head>\n\n<body>\n    <h1>My Website</h1>\n\n    <div class=\"content\">\n        Content goes here.\n    </div>\n\n</body>\n\n</html>\n\n//style.css\nbody {\n    font-family: sans-serif;\n    font-size: 14px;\n    color: #000;\n    background-color: #fff;\n}\n\nh1 {\n    text-align: center;\n    color: #444;\n    font-size: 20px;\n    margin-top: 20px;\n}\n\n.content {\n    font-size: 12px;\n    padding: 10px;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a search engine system using the BAYES Theorem.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def search_engine(data, query):\n    # your code here\n    # calculate the frequency of words in the query\n    query_words = query.split()\n    query_length = len(query_words)\n    query_freq = {word: 0.0 for word in query_words}\n    for document in data:\n        document_words = document.split()\n        document_length = len(document_words)\n        for word in query_words:\n            query_freq[word] += document_words.count(word) / document_length\n \n    # use Bayes Theorem to calculate the probability of the query\n    result = 0.0\n    for word, freq in query_freq.items():\n        result += freq / query_length * log(freq / (data[word] / len(data)))\n    return result"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a method to count the number of words in a given string.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def word_count(sentence):\n    words = sentence.split()\n    return len(words)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Identify the data type of a given value.",
            "input": "Hello",
            "output": "String"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a system that verifies a user's login credentials.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def verify_credentials(username, password):\n    if username == 'username' and password == 'password':\n        return True\n    else:\n        return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify a program to reverse the order of an array.",
            "input": "[10, 20, 30, 40]",
            "output": "def reverseArray(arr):\n    arr.reverse()\n    return arr"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain what is the difference between a software library and a framework.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The main difference between a software library and a framework is that a library is essentially a set of functions that you can call, while a framework essentially inverts the relationship and calls the functions that you defined in your code. A library is essentially a toolbox while a framework dictates the structure of your code."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write code to bubble sort a list of numbers.",
            "input": "[4, 7, 2, 6, 8, 1]",
            "output": "def bubbleSort(nums):\n    for i in range(len(nums)-1):\n        for j in range(0, len(nums)-i-1):\n            if nums[j] > nums[j+1] :\n                nums[j], nums[j+1] = nums[j+1], nums[j]\n    return nums \n\nnums = [4, 7, 2, 6, 8, 1] \nprint(bubbleSort(nums))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a method to check if a string is a valid binary number.",
            "input": "11001",
            "output": "def isBinaryNumber(s): \n\ttry : \n\t\tint(s, 2) \n\t\treturn True\n\texcept ValueError : \n\t\treturn False\n\n# Driver code \ns = \"11001\"\n\nif isBinaryNumber(s) : \n\tprint(\"Yes\") \nelse : \n\tprint(\"No\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How to create a server using Node.js?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Creating a server using Node.js is quite simple. First, require the necessary modules and import the http module to start the server:\n\nconst http = require('http');\n\nThen, create a new http server using the createServer constructor, which takes a request handler callback as an argument. The request handler callback is executed each time the server receives a request:\n\nconst httpServer = http.createServer((request, response) =>{\n  // Handle incoming requests here\n});\n\nFinally, start the server by calling the listen method and passing the port, hostname, and callback:\n\nhttpServer.listen(8080, 'localhost', () => {\n  console.log('Server running at http://localhost:8080/');\n});"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite this for loop using a while loop.",
            "input": "for (i = 0; i < 10; i++){\n  console.log(i);\n}",
            "output": "let i = 0;\nwhile (i < 10) {\n  console.log(i);\n  i++;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the time complexity of the following algorithm?",
            "input": "function binarySearch(array, x) {\n  let low = 0;\n  let high = array.length - 1;\n  \n  while (low <= high) {\n    let mid = Math.floor((low + high) / 2);\n    let item = array[mid]; \n    \n    if (x === item) {\n      return mid;\n    } \n    \n    if (x < item) {\n      high = mid - 1;\n    } else {\n      low = mid + 1;\n    }\n  }\n}",
            "output": "The time complexity of the following binary search algorithm is O(log n). This is because at each step of the search the number of candidates is halved. Therefore, the time it takes to find the target item is proportional to the logarithm of the number of elements in the array."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a cURL statement to send a POST request to a web server at https://www.example.com",
            "input": "",
            "output": "curl -X POST https://www.example.com --data \"param1=value1&param2=value2\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program to display odd numbers between 1 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class OddNumbers {\n \n  public static void main(String[] args) {\n    \n    for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) {\n      if (i % 2 != 0) {\n        System.out.println(i);\n      }\n    }\n  }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Update the existing code so that it can be called twice with different parameters.",
            "input": "def my_func(x, y):\n    return x * y\n\nmy_func(2, 3)",
            "output": "def my_func(x, y):\n    return x * y\n\nresult_1 = my_func(2, 3)\nresult_2 = my_func(4, 5)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the difference between deep learning and machine learning?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The main difference between deep learning and machine learning is in their approach. Machine learning algorithms focus on recognizing patterns in data and then generalizing the patterns to make predictions or classify data. Deep learning algorithms on the other hand, emulate the way the human brain works by processing information in layers and hierarchies. Deep learning tends to work best with high-dimensional data, whereas machine learning works better with small datasets."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to find the second highest salary.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT MAX(Salary) AS SecondHighestSalary\nFROM Employee\nWHERE Salary NOT IN (SELECT MAX(Salary) FROM Employee);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What does this JavaScript code do?",
            "input": "function add(a, b) {\n  return a + b;\n}",
            "output": "This code defines a function called \"add\" that takes two parameters, \"a\" and \"b\", and returns the sum of the two parameters. The function can then be used to add two numbers together. For example: add(1, 2) would return 3."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Fix this code segment to aggregate the values in the list.",
            "input": "sum = 0\nlist = [2, 4, 6, 8]\n\nfor x in list\n    sum = x\n\nprint(sum)",
            "output": "sum = 0\nlist = [2, 4, 6, 8]\n\nfor x in list:\n    sum += x\n\nprint(sum)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain what happens when this JavaScript code is executed.",
            "input": "let x = 3;\n\nif (x > 3) {\n  console.log(\"x is greater than 3\");\n} else {\n  console.log(\"x is not greater than 3\");\n}",
            "output": "When this code is executed, the variable \"x\" is initialized with a value of 3. Then, the if statement is executed and checks if the condition \"x > 3\" is true. Since the condition is false, the else statement is executed and \"x is not greater than 3\" is printed to the console."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the recommended style guideline for Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) publishes the recommended style guidelines for HTML which consists of the conventions to be followed while writing HTML documents and covers structure, syntax, formatting, and other related rules. Some of the major guidelines which are recommended by them are using meaningful document structure, using lowercase for markup, avoiding deprecated tags and attributes, using HTML elements for their specified purposes, separating content and presentation, using valid and meaningful code, using entities for special characters, using modern and customisable layout techniques, using appropriate ALT attributes for images."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the following English sentence into valid CSS code.",
            "input": "The font size should be 10px and the text color should be red.",
            "output": "p {\n font-size: 10px;\n color: red;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function that takes as an argument an array of numbers and returns a new array containing the squared values of the original array.",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3, 4]",
            "output": "function squaredValues(arr) {\n    let newArr = [];\n    for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {\n        newArr.push(arr[i] * arr[i]);\n    }\n    return newArr;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a MySQL table to store users' information.",
            "input": "Name: User\nFields:\n- username (VARCHAR) \n- email (VARCHAR) \n- dob (DATETIME) \n- gender (VARCHAR) \n- password (VARCHAR)",
            "output": "CREATE TABLE User ( \n    username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, \n    email VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, \n    dob DATETIME NOT NULL, \n    gender VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, \n    password VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL\n);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Visual Basic that adds two numbers",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Public Function AddNumbers(a As Integer, b As Integer)\n    Return a + b\nEnd Function"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Print this matrix in transpose form using Java.",
            "input": "[\n    [1, 2, 3],\n    [4, 5, 6],\n    [7, 8, 9]\n]",
            "output": "public class TransposeMatrix {\n \n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        int[][] matrix = { {1, 2, 3}, {4, 5, 6}, {7, 8, 9}};\n        int rows = matrix.length;\n        int columns = matrix[0].length;\n \n        // Printing transpose of the matrix\n        System.out.println(\"Transpose of the Matrix:\");\n        for (int i = 0; i < columns; i++) {\n            for (int j = 0; j < rows; j++) {\n                System.out.print(matrix[j][i] + \" \");\n            }\n            System.out.println();\n        }\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite this SQL query in Python.",
            "input": "SELECT * from Movie WHERE Rating > 8.0",
            "output": "import sqlite3\n\nconnection = sqlite3.connect(\"database.db\")\ncursor = connection.cursor()\n\ncursor.execute(\"SELECT * from Movie WHERE Rating > 8.0\")\n\nresult = cursor.fetchall()\n\nfor i in result:\n    print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Rust program that prints out the numbers from 1 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "fn main() {\n    for i in 1..11 {\n        println!(\"{}\", i);\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the correct syntax to return the last character of a string in Python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The correct syntax to return the last character of a string in Python is string[-1]."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function that takes an array of strings as an argument and returns an array of only the strings that contain a maximum of 4 characters.",
            "input": "[\"apple\", \"banana\", \"watermelon\", \"strawberry\", \"pear\"]",
            "output": "function fourChars(arr) {\n    let newArr = [];\n    for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {\n        if (arr[i].length <= 4) {\n            newArr.push(arr[i]);\n        }\n    }\n    return newArr;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write Swift code that prints a triangle pattern.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for i in 1...7 { \n  var k = \"\" \n  for j in 1...i { \n    k = k + \"*\" \n  } \n\n  print(k) \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an object in Java that has two methods, one that adds two numbers and the other that subtracts two numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class Calculator {\n \n    public int add(int a, int b) {\n        return a + b;\n    }\n \n    public int subtract(int a, int b) {\n        return a - b;\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Java class that implements a linked list.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class LinkedList { \n    Node head;  \n  \n    class Node { \n        int data; \n        Node next; \n        Node(int d) \n        { \n            data = d; \n            next = null; \n        } \n    } \n  \n    public void push(int data) \n    { \n        Node node = new Node(data); \n        node.next = head; \n        head = node; \n    } \n  \n    public void printList() \n    { \n        Node n = head; \n        while (n != null) { \n            System.out.print(n.data + \" \"); \n            n = n.next; \n        } \n    } \n  \n    public static void main(String args[]) \n    { \n        LinkedList list = new LinkedList(); \n  \n        list.push(20); \n        list.push(4); \n        list.push(15); \n        list.push(85); \n  \n        System.out.println(\"Given Linked list\"); \n        list.printList(); \n    } \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the following HTML code into JavaScript code.",
            "input": "<span onclick=\"console.log('Hello, World!')\">Click Here</span>",
            "output": "let element = document.querySelector('span');\n\nelement.addEventListener('click', () => {\n    console.log('Hello, World!');\n});"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes two parameters, a string and a character, and returns the number of times the character appears in the string.",
            "input": "String: \u201cHello World!\u201d\n Character: \u2018l\u2019",
            "output": "function countChar(str, char) {\n     let count = 0;\n     for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++){\n         if (str[i] ===char) {\n             count++;\n         }\n     }\n     return count;\n}\n\nlet result = countChar(\"Hello World!\", 'l');\nconsole.log(result); // Output: 3"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a C++ function that reverses a string.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\n\nstd::string reverseString(std::string str)\n{\n\tstd::string result = \"\";\n\tfor (int i = str.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--)\n\t{\n\t\tresult += str[i];\n\t}\n\treturn result;\n}\n\nint main()\n{\n\tstd::string str = \"Hello World!\";\n\tstd::cout << reverseString(str) << std::endl;\n\n\treturn 0;\n}\n\n//Output: !dlroW olleH"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an Python code to remove the duplicate characters in a given string.",
            "input": "String : \u201dHello World!\"",
            "output": "def remove_duplicate_chars(string):\n    result = \"\" \n    for char in string: \n        if char not in result: \n            result += char \n    return result\n\nprint(remove_duplicate_chars(\"Hello World!\"))\n// Output: Helo Wrd!"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes a string and returns all its permutations.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def getPermutations(string): \n\n    if len(string) == 0: \n        return []\n\n    if len(string) == 1: \n        return [string] \n\n    permutation_list = [] \n    for char in string: \n        m = string.replace(char, '') \n        for perm in getPermutations(m): \n            permutation_list.append(char + perm) \n\n    return permutation_list \n\nprint(getPermutations(\"ABC\")) \n// Output: ['ABC', 'ACB', 'BAC', 'BCA', 'CAB', 'CBA']"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to check for palindrome strings.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def isPalindrome(string): \n    left, right = 0, len(string) - 1\n  \n    while right >= left: \n        if not string[left] == string[right]: \n            return False\n        left += 1\n        right -= 1\n    return True\n  \nprint(isPalindrome('madam'))  \n// Output: True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript function to find the index of the smallest item in a given array.",
            "input": "[-8, 10, 5, 20, 4]",
            "output": "let arr = [-8, 10, 5, 20, 4];\n\nconst findSmallestIndex = arr => {\n  let smallestIndex = 0;\n  let smallestValue = arr[0];\n  for (let i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {\n    if (arr[i] < smallestValue) {\n      smallestValue = arr[i];\n      smallestIndex = i;\n    }\n  }\n  return smallestIndex;\n};\n\nconsole.log(findSmallestIndex(arr));\n// Output: 0"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a PostgreSQL query to get the 3 highest-paid employees of the company.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT *\nFROM employees\nORDER BY salary DESC \nLIMIT 3;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Ruby method to convert a given string to snakecase.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def to_snake_case(string)\n  string.gsub(/::/, '/').\n  gsub(/([A-Z]+)([A-Z][a-z])/, '\\1_\\2').\n  gsub(/([a-z\\d])([A-Z])/, '\\1_\\2').\n  tr(\"-\", \"_\").\n  downcase\nend\n\nputs to_snake_case(\"HelloWorld\")\n# Output : hello_world"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python program to find the greatest common divisor (GCD) of two given numbers.",
            "input": "Number 1: 20\nNumber 2: 40",
            "output": "def gcd(a, b): \n  \n    if (b == 0): \n        return a \n    return gcd(b, a % b) \n  \na = 20\nb = 40\nprint(\"GCD of\", a, \"and\", b, \"is\", gcd(a, b)) \n\n// Output: GCD of 20 and 40 is 20"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a jQuery code to select the second element from a list of elements with class \"sample\".",
            "input": "<ul> \n    <li class=\"sample\">first</li> \n    <li class=\"sample\">second</li> \n    <li class=\"sample\">third</li> \n</ul>",
            "output": "$(document).ready(function(){ \n    let element = $(\".sample\").eq(1); \n});"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an SQL query to select the first name of all individuals in a given table.",
            "input": "Table name: people",
            "output": "SELECT first_name FROM people;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an array with 24 elements initialized to the value zero.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "arr = [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert a given string to PascalCase.",
            "input": "String: this string needs to be pascal cased",
            "output": "ThisStringNeedsToBePascalCased"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a HTML form that contains two radio buttons corresponding to gender, male and female.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<form>\n  <label>Gender:</label>\n  <input type=\"radio\" name=\"gender\" value=\"male\"> Male <br>\n  <input type=\"radio\" name=\"gender\" value=\"female\"> Female<br>\n</form>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Train a deep neural network model for recognizing the MNIST dataset.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import keras\nfrom keras.datasets import mnist\nfrom keras.models import Sequential\nfrom keras.layers import Dense, Dropout\nfrom keras.optimizers import RMSprop\n\n# Load the MNIST dataset and split into train and test sets\n(mnist_x_train, mnist_y_train), (mnist_x_test, mnist_y_test) = mnist.load_data()\n\n# Reshape the data to represent each image as a vector\nmnist_x_train = mnist_x_train.reshape(60000, 784)\nmnist_x_test = mnist_x_test.reshape(10000, 784)\nmnist_x_train = mnist_x_train.astype('float32')\nmnist_x_test = mnist_x_test.astype('float32')\n\n# Normalize the input from 0-255 to 0-1\nmnist_x_train /= 255\nmnist_x_test /= 255\n\n# One-hot encode the labels\nmnist_y_train = keras.utils.to_categorical(mnist_y_train, 10)\nmnist_y_test = keras.utils.to_categorical(mnist_y_test, 10)\n\n# Define the model\nmodel = Sequential()\nmodel.add(Dense(512, activation='relu', input_shape=(784,)))\nmodel.add(Dropout(0.2))\nmodel.add(Dense(512, activation='relu'))\nmodel.add(Dropout(0.2))\nmodel.add(Dense(10, activation='softmax'))\n\nmodel.summary()\n\n# Compile the model\nmodel.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy',\n              optimizer=RMSprop(),\n              metrics=['accuracy'])\n\n# Train the model\nmodel.fit(mnist_x_train, mnist_y_train,\n          batch_size=128,\n          epochs=20,\n          verbose=2,\n          validation_data=(mnist_x_test, mnist_y_test))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript code loop to print the numbers from 0 to 15.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for (var i = 0; i <= 15; i++) {\n    console.log(i);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Python which takes a number as an input and returns the factorial of that number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def factorial(n):\n  if n == 0 or n == 1:\n    return 1\n  else:\n    return n * factorial(n-1)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a JavaScript function to check if a given number is an even number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function isEven(num) {\n  if (num % 2 == 0) {\n    return true;\n  } else {\n    return false;\n  }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML table with 5 columns and 10 rows.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<table>\n  <tr>\n    <th>Column1</th>\n    <th>Column2</th>\n    <th>Column3</th>\n    <th>Column4</th>\n    <th>Column5</th>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Row1</td>\n    <td>Row2</td>\n    <td>Row3</td>\n    <td>Row4</td>\n    <td>Row5</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Row6</td>\n    <td>Row7</td>\n    <td>Row8</td>\n    <td>Row9</td>\n    <td>Row10</td>\n  </tr>\n</table>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python code to find the most common element in a given list.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def find_most_common_element(lst): \n  u = [] \n  max_occurrence = 1\n  element = None\n  \n  for x in lst: \n    if x not in u: \n      u.append(x) \n    else: \n      c = lst.count(x) \n      if c > max_occurrence: \n        max_occurrence = c \n        element = x \n      elif c == max_occurrence: \n        element = f'{x} and {element}'\n  \n  return element"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to find the average price of all products in a given table.",
            "input": "Table name: products",
            "output": "SELECT AVG(price) FROM products;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a dataframe object in Python containing 5 rows and 3 columns.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import pandas as pd\n\ndf = pd.DataFrame(columns=['Column1', 'Column2', 'Column3'], \n                   data=[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9], [10 ,11 ,12], [13, 14, 15]]\n                )"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a new JavaScript array from an existing array, containing only the elements with an even index.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "const arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];\n\nconst newArr = arr.filter((element, index) => index % 2 === 0);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java code to find the largest number in an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static int findLargest(int[] arr) {\n  int largest = arr[0];\n\n  for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {\n    if (arr[i] > largest) {\n      largest = arr[i];\n    }\n  }\n\n  return largest;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following HTML code to make the heading bold.",
            "input": "<h2>This is a heading</h2>",
            "output": "<h2><strong>This is a heading</strong></h2>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Java to check if a given number is prime or not.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class PrimeNumber { \n public static boolean isPrime(int n) { \n     // Corner cases \n     if (n <= 1) return false; \n     if (n <= 3) return true; \n\n     // This is checked so that we can skip \n     // middle five numbers in below loop \n     if (n % 2 == 0 || n % 3 == 0) return false; \n\n     for (int i = 5; i * i <= n; i = i + 6) { \n         if (n % i == 0 || n % (i + 2) == 0) { \n             return false; \n         } \n     } \n\n     return true; \n  } \n\n// Driver Function \n public static void main(String[] args) { \n     int n = 29; \n     if (isPrime(n)) \n         System.out.println(\"true\"); \n     else\n         System.out.println(\"false\"); \n   } \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a query in SQL to find the average age of all the users in the table.",
            "input": "Table Name: users\nColumns: id, username, age",
            "output": "SELECT AVG(age) FROM users;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write Java code to remove all duplicates from an array.",
            "input": "Input array: [1, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6]",
            "output": "import java.util.*; \n  \npublic class RemoveDuplicates \n{ \n    public static int removeDuplicates(int arr[], int n) \n    { \n        if (n == 0 || n == 1) \n            return n; \n       \n        int[] temp = new int[n]; \n          \n        int j = 0; \n        for (int i = 0; i < n-1; i++) \n            if (arr[i] != arr[i+1]) \n                temp[j++] = arr[i]; \n          \n        temp[j++] = arr[n-1];    \n          \n        for (int i=0; i<j; i++) \n            arr[i] = temp[i]; \n          \n        return j; \n    } \n  \n    public static void main (String[] args) \n    { \n        int arr[] = {1,1,2,3,3,4,4,5,6}; \n        int n = arr.length; \n          \n        n = removeDuplicates(arr, n); \n   \n        for (int i=0; i<n; i++) \n           System.out.print(arr[i]+\" \"); \n    } \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write CSS code to display the logo in the centre of the header bar.",
            "input": "<div class=\"header-bar\">\n  <img src=\"logo.png\">\n</div>",
            "output": ".header-bar { \n  display: flex;\n  justify-content: center;\n} \n\n.header-bar img { \n  width: auto;\n  height: 50px;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to sort the given list of words in ascending order.",
            "input": "Input list: [\"testing\", \"array\", \"sort\", \"function\", \"javascript\"]",
            "output": "function sortWordsAscending(words) {\n    return words.sort((wordA, wordB) => (wordA < wordB)? -1 : (wordA > wordB)? 1 : 0); \n}\n\nsortWordsAscending([\"testing\", \"array\", \"sort\", \"function\", \"javascript\"]);\n// Output: [\"array\", \"function\", \"javascript\", \"sort\", \"testing\"]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a React component to render this table using the given data",
            "input": "var data = [{uniqueId: 1, name: 'John', age:25, location: 'Boston'},\n            {uniqueId: 2, name: 'Bill', age:30, location: 'London'},\n            {uniqueId: 3, name: 'Tim', age:35, location: 'Paris'}];",
            "output": "import React from 'react';\n\nfunction Table(props) {\n  const data = props.data;\n\n  return (\n    <table>\n      <tr>\n        <th>Unique Id</th>\n        <th>Name</th>\n        <th>Age</th>\n        <th>Location</th>\n      </tr>\n      {data.map(d => (\n        <tr key={d.uniqueId}>\n          <td>{d.uniqueId}</td>\n          <td>{d.name}</td>\n          <td>{d.age}</td>\n          <td>{d.location}</td>\n        </tr>\n      ))}\n    </table>\n  );\n}\n\nexport default Table;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to find out the name and age of people who are older than 25.",
            "input": "Table Name: person\nColumns: name, age",
            "output": "SELECT name, age FROM person WHERE age > 25;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write HTML code to create a navigation bar with links to Home and About pages.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<div>\n  <ul>\n    <li><a href=\"/home\">Home</a></li>\n    <li><a href=\"/about\">About</a></li>\n  </ul>\n</div>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write C code to calculate the sum of all the numbers in the given array.",
            "input": "Input array: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "#include<stdio.h>\n\nint sumArray(int arr[], int size)\n{\n    int sum = 0;\n    int i;\n    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) \n        sum += arr[i];\n\n    return sum;\n}\n\nint main()\n{\n    int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};\n    int size = 5;\n    int result = sumArray(arr, size);\n    printf(\"Sum of all numbers in array is %d\", result);\n    return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python class to find the maximum and minimum of two integers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class MinMax:\n    \n    def __init__(self, num1, num2):\n        self.num1 = num1\n        self.num2 = num2\n    \n    def get_max(self):\n        return max(self.num1, self.num2)\n    \n    def get_min(self):\n        return min(self.num1, self.num2)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python code to print \"Hello World\" 5 times.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello World\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL table of users with name, email and year of birth.",
            "input": "Table Name: users",
            "output": "CREATE TABLE users (\n  name VARCHAR(50),\n  email VARCHAR(80),\n  year_of_birth  INT\n);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a CSS program to set the background color to blue and the text color to white.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "body {\n    background-color: blue;\n    color: white;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a function in Python that takes a single argument, \u2018a\u2019, and returns the square of 'a'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def square(a):\n    return a**2"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you get the port number from a URL string in JavaScript?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The port number can be obtained from a URL string in JavaScript using the URL interface's \"port\" property.  For example, var url = new URL(\"http://example.com:8080\"); url.port will return \"8080\"."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python statement to print the string \u201cGPT is awesome\u201d to the console.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "print(\"GPT is awesome\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Build a function that takes three values and finds the median value.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def median(a, b, c):\n    vals = [a, b, c]\n    vals.sort()\n    return vals[1]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you check if two strings are equal in Python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Strings can be compared for equality in Python using the '==' operator, so if str1 == str2 evaluates to True, then the strings are equal."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a function in JavaScript that takes a single array of numbers and checks if any two numbers add up to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function isSum10(arr) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {\n        for (let j = i+1; j < arr.length; j++) {\n            if (arr[i] + arr[j] === 10) {\n                return true;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    return false;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Produce an SQL query to find the average salary of all full-time employees in a table named \u2018employees\u2019.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees WHERE position = 'full-time';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you concatenate two strings in JavaScript?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "String can be concatenated in JavaScript using the concat() method or the + operator, so if str1 and str2 are strings, str1.concat(str2) or str1 + str2 returns the concatenated string."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a for loop in Python that will traverse a list of numbers and print the index of each item.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for i in range(len(list)):\n    print(list[i], i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Reverse a string in Java.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static String reverse(String str){\n    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(str);\n    return sb.reverse().toString();\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the unique elements in an array.",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 1]",
            "output": "[4]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using the comment in the code as a guide, modify the code to remove the specified item from the list.",
            "input": "list = [1, 2, 3]\n# remove item 2 from the list",
            "output": "list = [1, 3]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you select all the elements from a list in Python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "All elements from a list in Python can be selected using the slicing operator [:], so if lst is a list, lst[:] returns the same list."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python statement to find the index of the string \u201cGPT\u201d in the list.",
            "input": "list = [\"GPT\", \"is\", \"awesome\"]",
            "output": "list.index(\"GPT\") # returns 0"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate 10 jokes using GPT3.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Q: Why did the chicken cross the playground?\nA: To get to the other slide!\n\nQ: Why did the computer beep?\nA: Because it had a message for you!\n\nQ: Why did the strawberry cross the road?\nA: To get to the other jam!\n\nQ: Why did the cow go to the party?\nA: Because he was invited to moooooo!\n\nQ: Why did the chicken go to the library?\nA: To get to the other book!\n\nQ: Why did the banana go to a restaurant?\nA: To get a smoothie!\n\nQ: Why did the potato apologize?\nA: Because he was feeling a little mashed!\n\nQ: Why did the ketchup go to the doctor?\nA: To get a tomato check-up!\n\nQ: Why did the mushroom get invited to the party?\nA: Because he was a fungi!\n\nQ: Why did the sheep go to school?\nA: To learn how to count ewe!"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to fetch the names of customers who have not placed any order in the last 3 months.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT name \nFROM customers \nWHERE id NOT IN (SELECT customer_id \n        FROM orders \n        WHERE order_date >= DATEADD(MONTH, -3, GETDATE()))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Java that takes 2 parameters, max and min, and returns a random number between the two values.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static int getRandomNumber(int min, int max) {\n    Random r = new Random();\n    return r.nextInt((max - min) + 1) + min;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suggest an appropriate data structure to store user data and efficiently query it.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A hash table would be a suitable data structure to store and query user data efficiently. Hash tables provide quick access to stored data, thus allowing an application to quickly query and modify data if needed."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit this JSON code to add a new property.",
            "input": "{\n \"name\": \"John Doe\",\n \"age\": 35\n}",
            "output": "{\n    \"name\": \"John Doe\",\n    \"age\": 35,\n    \"location\": \"\"\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Provide a regular expression that matches any string containing exactly 3 numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "^[0-9]{3}$"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suggest the line which should be appended to complete the JavaScript code.",
            "input": "function init() {\n    fetchData();\n   \n}",
            "output": "function init() {\n    fetchData();\n    renderData();\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to calculate the average of a list of numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def calculate_average(numbers):\n    total = 0\n    for num in numbers:\n        total += num\n    return total / len(numbers)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Fix the bug in this model code.",
            "input": "class Student:\n    def __init__(self, name):\n        self.name = name\n        self._assignments = []\n    \n    def add_assignment(self, assignment):\n        self.assignments.append(assignment)",
            "output": "class Student:\n    def __init__(self, name):\n        self.name = name\n        self._assignments = []\n    \n    def add_assignment(self, assignment):\n        self._assignments.append(assignment)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suggest a way to traverse a binary tree in preorder.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "We can traverse a binary tree in preorder using a recursive algorithm. In each step, the tree is explored in the following order - root, left subtree, right subtree. The algorithm can be summarized in the following pseudocode:\n\ndef traverse_preorder(root):\n    if root is None:\n        return\n    visit(root)\n    traverse_preorder(root.left)\n    traverse_preorder(root.right)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a query to find the sums of the salaries of all the employees in the same job role.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT job_role, SUM(salary) as salary_sum \nFROM employees \nGROUP BY job_role"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the Python code to print the converted amounts in USD.",
            "input": "def convert_currency(amount):\n    output = amount * 1.20\n    print(output)\n\nconvert_currency(15)",
            "output": "def convert_currency(amount):\n    output = amount * 1.20\n    print(f'{output:.2f} USD')\n\nconvert_currency(15)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort this array of integers in descending order.",
            "input": "[2, 5, 3, 8, 6, 1]",
            "output": "[8, 6, 5, 3, 2, 1]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How would you traverse a binary tree?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "There are several approaches to traversing a binary tree. One of the most common and simplest approaches is the depth-first search (DFS) algorithm. This algorithm visits all of the nodes of the binary tree, with a depth-first approach. The algorithm starts at the root node, examines the left subtree, then visits the root node again, then examines the right subtree, and finally, the algorithm performs a backtracking operation up the tree, searching for unexplored nodes. Another approach is the breadth-first search (BFS) algorithm, which visits all nodes of a binary tree in order of their levels, from left to right."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using the input class, create an instance of a 50-sided die.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Die:\n    def __init__(self, sides=6):\n        self.sides = sides\n\ndie = Die(50)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How would you encode a given string using Huffman coding?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Huffman coding is a type of lossless data compression in which characters and symbols are represented in the form of variable-length codes, allowing for efficient encoding of data. A Huffman tree is created for each string by assigning the lowest frequency character(s) to the left-most nodes and the highest frequency character(s) to the right-most nodes, which results in a tree with an optimal number of branches. The codes for each symbol are then produced from a path through the Huffman tree from the root to the corresponding nodes."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the code below to make it more efficient.",
            "input": "def get_combinations(string):\n    combinations = set()\n    for i in range(len(string)):\n        for j in range(len(string)):\n            if i != j:\n                combinations.add(string[i] + string[j])\n    return combinations",
            "output": "def get_combinations(string):\n    combinations = set()\n    for i in range(len(string)):\n        for j in range(i + 1, len(string)):\n            combinations.add(string[i] + string[j])\n    return combinations"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Assign a variable `pos` with the tuple (3,4)",
            "input": "",
            "output": "pos = (3,4)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Return the list of all prime numbers in the Fibonacci sequence less than given integer n",
            "input": "n = 50",
            "output": "def primes_in_fibonacci_sequence(n): \n \n    # Create a list to store Fibonacci numbers \n    fibonacci = [1, 2] \n\n# To generate Fibonacci numbers less than given number\n# Use general formula Fn = Fn-1 + Fn-2\n    while (fibonacci[-1] + fibonacci[-2] < n): \n        fibonacci.append(fibonacci[-1] + fibonacci[-2]) \n\n# Lists to store prime numbers \n    primes = [2] \n\n# To check if number prime or not \n    for i in range(3, n, 2): \n        if i > n: \n            break\n        for j in range(3, int(i ** 0.5) + 1, 2): \n            if i % j == 0: \n                break\n        else: \n            primes.append(i) \n\n# Filter out fibonacci numbers that are prime \n    prime_in_fibonacci = [i for i in fibonacci if i in primes]\n      \n    return prime_in_fibonacci"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes two numbers, x and y, and returns their sum",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def add(x, y): \n    return x + y"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Remove duplicates from a given list",
            "input": "list = [1,2,2,3,3,3,4,4,4,4]",
            "output": "def remove_duplicates(list): \n    return list(dict.fromkeys(list))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a list that contains the even numbers from 2 to 30",
            "input": "",
            "output": "even_list = [i for i in range(2,31) if i % 2 == 0]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Build a class that creates a chess board using turtle graphics",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import turtle\n\nclass ChessBoard:\n    def __init__(self, size):\n        self.size = size\n    \n    def draw_board(self):\n        # Setup the board\n        window = turtle.Screen()\n        window.setup(self.size, self.size)\n        window.title('Chessboard')\n        window.bgcolor('#000000')\n        turtle.speed(0)\n        turtle.penup\n        turtle.setheading(90)\n\n        # Draw the board squares\n        for i in range(4):\n            for j in range(4):\n                turtle.penup()\n                x = -self.size / 2 + j * self.size / 4\n                y = -self.size / 2 + i * self.size / 4\n                turtle.goto(x,y)\n\n                # Alternate color for each square\n                if (i+j) % 2 == 0:\n                    turtle.fillcolor('#FFFFFF')\n                else:\n                    turtle.fillcolor('#000000')\n\n                turtle.begin_fill()\n                turtle.pendown()\n                turtle.forward(self.size / 4)\n                turtle.right(90)\n                turtle.forward(self.size / 4)\n                turtle.right(90)\n                turtle.forward(self.size / 4)\n                turtle.right(90)\n                turtle.forward(self.size / 4)\n                turtle.right(90)\n                turtle.end_fill()"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Reverse the following string using slicing",
            "input": "string = \"Hello World!\"",
            "output": "string = \"Hello World!\"\nstring = string[::-1]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code that implements Merge Sort",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def merge_sort(arr): \n    if len(arr) > 1: \n        mid = len(arr)//2   \n        leftvar = arr[:mid]  \n        rightvar = arr[mid:] \n  \n        merge_sort(leftvar)  \n        merge_sort(rightvar)  \n  \n        i = j = k = 0\n          \n        while i < len(leftvar) and j < len(rightvar): \n            if leftvar[i] < rightvar[j]: \n                arr[k] = leftvar[i] \n                i+=1\n            else: \n                arr[k] = rightvar[j] \n                j+=1\n            k+=1\n          \n        while i < len(leftvar): \n            arr[k] = leftvar[i] \n            i+=1\n            k+=1\n          \n        while j < len(rightvar): \n            arr[k] = rightvar[j] \n            j+=1\n            k+=1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes list margin as an argument, and returns a total of that list",
            "input": "list = [1,2,3,4,5]",
            "output": "def list_sum(list):\n    total = 0\n    for i in list:\n        total += i\n    return total"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class in python that defines and tracks an employees pay",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Employee:\n    def __init__(self, name, rate, hours):\n        self.name = name\n        self.rate = rate\n        self.hours = hours\n        \n    def pay(self):\n        return self.rate * self.hours"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program to search an element in a sorted array.",
            "input": "arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nelement = 3",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nSearch an element in a sorted array.\n\"\"\"\n\npublic class ArraySearch {\n \n  public static int searchSortedArray(int[] arr, int element) {\n    int lower = 0;\n    int upper = arr.length - 1;\n    \n    while (lower <= upper) {\n      int midpoint = (lower + upper) / 2;\n      \n      if (arr[midpoint] == element) {\n        return midpoint;\n      } else if (arr[midpoint] < element) {\n        lower = midpoint + 1;\n      } else {\n        upper = midpoint - 1;\n      }\n    }\n    return -1;\n  }\n \n  public static void main(String[] args) {\n    int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};\n    int element = 3;\n    int index = searchSortedArray(arr, element);\n    \n    if (index >= 0) {\n      System.out.println(\"Element \" + element + \" is present at index \" + index);\n    } else {\n      System.out.println(\"Element \" + element + \" is not present\");\n    }\n  }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite the following code snippet in Python.",
            "input": "int num1 = 5;\nint num2 = 6;\nint sum = num1 + num2;",
            "output": "num1 = 5\nnum2 = 6\nsum = num1 + num2"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Complete the code snippet to add two lists together in Python.",
            "input": "list1 = [1,2,3]\nlist2 = [4,5,6]\n#Code to add list1 to list2",
            "output": "list1 = [1,2,3]\nlist2 = [4,5,6]\n#Code to add list1 to list2\nnew_list = list1 + list2"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to add two numbers without using the \"+\" operator.",
            "input": "num1 = 5\nnum2 = 6",
            "output": "num1 = 5\nnum2 = 6\n\n# Without using \"+\" operator\nsum = num1 - (-num2)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using a for a loop, write a code to print all the items in a given list.",
            "input": "myList = [1, 2, 3, 4]",
            "output": "myList = [1, 2, 3, 4]\n\n# Using a for loop\nfor item in myList:\n  print(item)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a MySQL table called \"customers\" with the following columns: Customer ID, Name, City, and Country.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "CREATE TABLE customers (\n  customer_id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,\n  name VARCHAR(255),\n  city VARCHAR(255),\n  country VARCHAR(255)\n);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the following SELECT statement from SQL to MongoDB.",
            "input": "SELECT * FROM students;",
            "output": "db.students.find()"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Change the following function to make it recursive.",
            "input": "def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a+b",
            "output": "def add_numbers(a, b):\n    if a == 0:\n        return b\n    else:\n        return add_numbers(a-1, b+1)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following code to make it run with Python 3.",
            "input": "import sys\n\n# print \"Hello World\"",
            "output": "import sys\n\n# print \"Hello World\"\nprint(\"Hello World\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to delete the third element of an array.",
            "input": "let arr = [1,2,3,4,5]",
            "output": "let arr = [1,2,3,4,5]\n\nfunction deleteThirdElement(arr) {\n  arr.splice(2, 1); \n  return arr;\n}\n\nlet newArr = deleteThirdElement(arr);\n\nconsole.log(newArr); // [1,2,4,5]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the following SQL query to Java.",
            "input": "SELECT name\nFROM customers\nWHERE city = 'San Francisco'",
            "output": "String query = \"SELECT name FROM customers WHERE city = 'San Francisco'\";\n\nStatement stmt = conn.createStatement();\nResultSet result = stmt.executeQuery(query);\nwhile (result.next()) {\n    String name = result.getString(\"name\");\n    System.out.println(name);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using regex, write a code to extract the substring \"abc\" from the following string.",
            "input": "myString = 'abc123'",
            "output": "myString = 'abc123'\n\nimport re \n\nsubstring = re.search('abc', myString).group()\nprint(substring) # abc"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using a while loop, write a code to print the numbers from 1 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "# Using a while loop\ni = 1\nwhile i <= 10:\n  print(i)\n  i = i + 1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python function that takes two integers as input and returns the maximum of the two.",
            "input": "a = 4 \nb = 8",
            "output": "def max_number(a, b):\n  if a > b:\n    return a\n  else:\n    return b"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to list the first names, last names and ages of all users in the table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT first_name, last_name, age\nFROM user_table;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a regular expression to validate a phone number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "^\\(?[0-9]{3}\\)?[-. ]?[0-9]{3}[-. ]?[0-9]{4}$"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript code snippet to display an alert and ask for a user's age.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "alert('What is your age?');"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a program in Java which searches for a particular item in an array and returns true if it exists.",
            "input": "int[] numbers = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19}; \nint key = 5",
            "output": "public static boolean searchArray(int[] arr, int key) {\n   for(int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {\n      if(arr[i] == key) {\n         return true;\n      }\n   }\n   return false;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a CSS selector to select all <p> tags on the page.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "p {\n   // style rules \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Perl subroutine to reverse a given string.",
            "input": "my $string = \"sample string\";",
            "output": "sub reverse_string {\n   my ($str) = @_;\n   my @characters = split(//, $str);\n\n   my $reversed = \"\";\n   for (my $i = @characters - 1; $i >= 0; $i--) {\n      $reversed .= $characters[$i];\n   }\n\n   return $reversed;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using Python, write a program to print out all prime numbers up to a given number, n.",
            "input": "n = 10",
            "output": "def prime_nums(n):\n  for num in range(2,n+1):\n    for i in range(2,num):\n      if (num % i == 0):\n        break\n    else:\n      print(num)\n\nprime_nums(10)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using C++, write a program that takes two integer numbers as input and calculates their sum.",
            "input": "int a = 2\nint b = 3",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() \n{\n   int a, b, sum;\n   cin >> a >> b;\n   sum = a + b;\n   cout << \"The sum of given numbers is: \" << sum << endl;\n\n   return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a HTML link to redirect visitors to your website.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<a href=\"https://www.example.com\">Visit My Website</a>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Bash script to edit a given Textfile and replace all occurrences of an old string with a new string.",
            "input": "oldstring=\"old\"\nnewstring=\"new\"",
            "output": "#!/bin/bash\n\nread -p \"Enter the file name: \" fileName\nread -p \"Enter the old string: \" oldString\nread -p \"Enter the new string: \" newString\nsed -i -e \"s/$oldString/$newString/g\" $fileName"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an R program to print the number of trailing zeros in a given factorial.",
            "input": "n=5",
            "output": "n <- 5 \nnum_zeros <- sum(floor(n/5^(1:10)))\ncat(num_zeros)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct an XPath query to select an element with the ID \"main-content\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "//*[@id=\"main-content\"]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code snippet to insert data into a table named `users` with the columns `user_id`, `first_name`, `last_name`, `email`, `password` in MySQL.",
            "input": "user_id = 101\nfirst_name = \"John\"\nlast_name = \"Doe\"\nemail = \"john.doe@example.com\"\npassword = \"securepassword\"",
            "output": "INSERT INTO users (user_id, first_name, last_name, email, password) VALUES (101, \"John\", \"Doe\", \"john.doe@example.com\", \"securepassword\");"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to filter a list that only contains the even integers greater than the given number.",
            "input": "list = [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]\ngiven_number = 7",
            "output": "def filter_even_num(list, given_number):\n    even_list = []\n    for num in list:\n        if num > given_number and num % 2 == 0:\n            even_list.append(num)\n    return even_list\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    list = [4,5,6,7,8,9,10]\n    given_number = 7\n    print(filter_even_num(list, given_number))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct an HTML element with a class of \"container\" and two elements inside it with the classes of \"box\" and \"box-2\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<div class=\"container\">\n  <div class=\"box\">\n  </div>\n  <div class=\"box-2\">\n  </div>\n</div>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct an XML element with a tag of \"item\" and an attribute of \"id\" with the value of \"xyz\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<item id=\"xyz\"/>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a query to get the count of rows from a table 'users'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a query to find the distinct elements in a list.",
            "input": "list = [1,2,3,2,1,4,5]",
            "output": "SELECT DISTINCT list FROM list;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class in Java to represent a student.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class Student {\n    private String name;\n    private int id;\n    private int age;\n\n    public Student(String name, int id, int age) {\n        this.name = name;\n        this.id = id;\n        this.age = age;\n    }\n\n    public String getName() {\n        return name;\n    }\n\n    public void setName(String name) {\n        this.name = name;\n    }\n\n    public int getId() {\n        return id;\n    }\n\n    public void setId(int id) {\n        this.id = id;\n    }\n\n    public int getAge() {\n        return age;\n    }\n\n    public void setAge(int age) {\n        this.age = age;\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a for loop in Python that iterates over 0 to 10 and prints the square of each element.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for i in range(0, 11):\n    print(i**2)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design an algorithm to calculate the Fibonacci numbers up to the nth term.",
            "input": "terms = 10",
            "output": "def fibonacciSequence(terms): \n    fibonacciTerms = [0, 1] \n    a, b = 0, 1\n    while len(fibonacciTerms) < terms: \n        fibonacciTerms.append(a + b) \n        a, b = b, a + b \n    return fibonacciTerms\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    terms = 10\n    print(fibonacciSequence(terms))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write code to perform linear search over an list and return the index of the given number.",
            "input": "list = [2,4,6,8,9,3]\nnumber = 8",
            "output": "def linear_search(list,number):\n    for i in range( len(list) ):\n        if list[i] == number:\n            return i #return index\n    else:\n        return None #number not found\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    list = [2,4,6,8,9,3]\n    number = 8\n    print(linear_search(list,number))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the sum of the numbers in the given list.",
            "input": "list = [1, 4, 6, 8]",
            "output": "19"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Detect if the given two strings are anagrams of each other or not.",
            "input": "String1: \"silent\"\nString2: \"listen\"",
            "output": "true"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to calculate the length of the given string up to the first blank.",
            "input": "String: \"Hello World\"",
            "output": "def calcLength(str):\n    for i in range(len(str)):\n        if str[i] == \" \":\n            return i"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Reverse the given string.",
            "input": "String: \"Hello World\"",
            "output": "dlroW olleH"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a SQL query to select all customer records from \"customer\" table who are from \"Texas\".",
            "input": "Table: customer\nState: Texas",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM customer WHERE State = \"Texas\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Parse the command line argument correctly in Python.",
            "input": "Command Line Argument: --name Anna --age 20",
            "output": "import argparse\n \nparser = argparse.ArgumentParser()\n\nparser.add_argument('--name',required=True)\nparser.add_argument('--age', required=True)\n\nargs = parser.parse_args()\n \nname = args.name\nage = args.age\n\nprint('Name : ', name)\nprint('Age : ', age)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to remove all special characters from the given string.",
            "input": "String: \"Hello$my*name^is Anna!\"",
            "output": "def removeSpecialChars(s):\nnew_string = s.replace('[^\\w\\s]','')\n    return new_string"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Remove all redundant white spaces from the given string.",
            "input": "String: \" Hello   my  name  is  Anna!  \"",
            "output": "def removeSpaces(s):\n    return \" \".join(s.split())"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find all prime numbers in the given range.",
            "input": "Range: 1-50",
            "output": "def prime_numbers(start, end):\n    prime_nums = []\n    for i in range(start, end+1):\n        is_prime = True\n        for j in range(2, i):\n            if i % j == 0:\n                is_prime = False\n                break\n        if is_prime:\n            prime_nums.append(i)\n    return prime_nums"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate all possible permutations of the given string.",
            "input": "String: \"ABC\"",
            "output": "def permutations(s):\n     if len(s) <= 1:\n         return s\n     result = []\n     for i in range(len(s)):\n         for p in permutations(s[:i] + s[i+1:]):\n             result.append(s[i] + p) \n     return result"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a MongoDB query to sort the documents based on the field \"stock\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "db.collection.find().sort({\"stock\": 1})"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to return the name of the employees with the highest salary.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT name FROM Employees WHERE salary = (SELECT MAX(salary) FROM Employees)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following C++ code to make the program compile successfully.",
            "input": "#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main()\n{\n cout <<\"Hello, world!\"\n return 0;\n}",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main()\n{\n cout <<\"Hello, world!\" <<endl;\n return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a HTML page which includes a header, subheader and a paragraph of text.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n<head>\n <title>My Page</title>\n</head>\n<body>\n <h1>My Page</h1>\n <h2>Subheader</h2>\n <p>This is some text in my page.</p>\n</body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate progressive enhancement CSS to work with Flexbox both horizontally and vertically.",
            "input": "",
            "output": ".container {\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n}\n@media only screen and (min-width: 960px) { \n  .container {\n   flex-direction: row;  \n   align-items: stretch;\n  }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a React component to render a table of user data.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "const UserTable = () => {\n  return (\n    <table>\n      <thead>\n        <tr>\n          <th>Name</th>\n          <th>Age</th>\n        </tr>\n      </thead>\n      <tbody>\n        // Here you would add the rows of data from a users array or something.\n      </tbody>\n    </table>\n  );\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to Print a given string in reverse",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def print_str_rev(str): \n    rev_str = \"\"\n    for i in range(len(str)-1,-1,-1):\n        rev_str += str[i]\n    print(rev_str)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following JavaScript code to make execute the task of fetching data from an API.",
            "input": "fetch(\"api_url\")\n    .then(data => {\n        console.log(data)\n    });",
            "output": "fetch(\"api_url\")\n   .then(response => response.json())\n   .then(data => {\n       console.log(data)\n   });"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop a C# program to convert a given number of days into years, months and days.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class Program  \n{     \n    // Main Method \n    public static void Main()  \n    {  \n        int day = 545; \n        System.Console.Write(\"Number of days = 545\");   \n        int year = day / 365; \n        int month = (day % 365) / 30; \n        day = (day % 365) % 30;  \n        System.Console.Write(\"\\nNumber of Years = {0},\\tNumber of Months = {1},\\tNumber of Days = {2}\\n\",  \n                             year, month, day);  \n    }  \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a Ruby method to calculate the area of a triangle.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def area_triangle(base, height)\n  0.5 * base * height\nend"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop a function in PHP to calculate the frequency of words in a string.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function wordFrequency($inputString) \n{ \n    $wordArray = explode(\" \", $inputString); \n  \n    $wordFrequency = array(); \n  \n    foreach ($wordArray as $word) \n    { \n        if(array_key_exists($word, $wordFrequency)) \n        { \n            $wordFrequency[$word] += 1; \n        } \n        else\n        { \n            $wordFrequency[$word] = 1; \n        } \n    } \n  \n    return $wordFrequency; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a SQL query to return the distinct values of a field \"Phone\" from \"Employees\" table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT DISTINCT Phone FROM Employees;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Craft a NodeJS function to find the number of integers in a given array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "const countIntegers = (arr) => { \n  let count = 0;\n  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { \n    if (Number.isInteger(arr[i])) { \n      count += 1; \n    }\n  }\n  return count;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a new empty JavaScript object.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "const emptyObject = {};"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write SQL query to find the books with the highest rating.",
            "input": "Table Name: Book\n\nColumns: BookID, Title, Price, Rating",
            "output": "SELECT Title, Price, \nFROM Book \nWHERE Rating= (SELECT MAX(Rating) FROM Book);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following code to print the last two elements of the given array.",
            "input": "let myArray = [1,2,3,4,5];",
            "output": "let myArray = [1,2,3,4,5];\nconsole.log(myArray[myArray.length - 1], myArray[myArray.length - 2]); // Outputs 5,4"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a simple if-else statement that checks if a number is divisible by two.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "if (number % 2 == 0) {\n console.log(\"The number is divisible by two\"); \n} else {\n console.log(\"The number is not divisible by two\");\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using the React library, create a simple Hello World component.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import React from 'react';\n\nconst HelloWorld = () => {\n return (\n  <div>\n   <h1>Hello World!</h1>\n  </div>\n );\n};\n\nexport default HelloWorld;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a class method in Java that prints the given string.",
            "input": "Hello World!",
            "output": "public class MyClass {\n\tpublic static void printString(String str) { \n        System.out.println(str); \n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Describe an efficient algorithm to find the length of the longest increasing subsequence in a given array.",
            "input": "[10, 9, 2, 5, 3, 7, 101, 18]",
            "output": "A dynamic programming approach can be used to solve this problem. It relies on the observation that the overall solution for a given array will be made up of the solutions for subproblems based on the previous elements.  \n \nWe start from the leftmost element in the array and examine all the elements to its right to find the longest increasing subsequence that ends at the given element. For each element, the possible longest increasing subsequences are the ones that end at some previous element plus the element itself, or just the element itself if there's no previous element in the sequence with a smaller value. The overall longest increasing subsequence is the maximum value of the longest subsequence obtained for each element.\n \nThe time complexity of this algorithm is O(n^2) where n is the length of the array."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in JavaScript which prints out numbers from 1 to 100.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function printNumbers(){\n for(let i = 1; i <= 100; i++){\n  console.log(i);\n }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a MySQL query to select the employee name and their respective department.",
            "input": "Table Name: Employee\n\nColumns: EmployeeID, EmployeeName, DepartmentID",
            "output": "SELECT EmployeeName, DepartmentID\nFROM Employee;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a Java method which swaps the characters at two specified indices in a string.",
            "input": "java\nindex1: 0\nindex2: 3",
            "output": "public static String swapStringIndices(String s, int i1, int i2) {\n  char[] chars = s.toCharArray();\n  char temp = chars[i1];\n  chars[i1] = chars[i2];\n  chars[i2] = temp;\n\n  return new String(chars);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate an array of the Fibonacci sequence with 10 elements.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let fibonacciSequence = [1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55];"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class in C# which can be used to store user data.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class UserData\n{\n    public string Username { get; set; }\n    public string Email { get; set; }\n    public string Password { get; set; }\n\n    public UserData( string username, string email, string password )\n    {\n        Username = username;\n        Email = email;\n        Password = password;\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in JavaScript which takes in an array of numbers from 0 to 10 and returns their sum.",
            "input": "[1,3,4,7,9]",
            "output": "function sumArray(arr) {\n  let sum = 0;\n  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {\n    sum += arr[i];\n  }\n  return sum;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How to interpret the output of a linear regression model?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Linear regression is a common method of predicting one variable based on another. It produces a line that best fits the data available. The output of a linear regression model includes a general equation that shows the connection between the variables, the parameters of this equation (coefficients, intercepts, etc.), the R-squared value that measures how much of the variance in the response variable can be explained by the predictor variables, and the coefficients of determination. It is also possible to use the model to make predictions of the response variable given predictor variables."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compile a C++ program using GCC.",
            "input": "#include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n    int i = 0;\n    \n    cout << \"Hello World!\" << endl;\n    \n    return 0;\n}",
            "output": "g++ -o program_name program_file.cpp -std=c++17; ./program_name;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How to parse XML in Python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Python offers a variety of libraries and modules to parse XML information. One of the most popular libraries used today is the lxml library. This library provides a very simple API for parsing XML documents. To parse an XML file, you will first need to import the lxml library and the ElementTree API. Once imported, you can create a tree structure for the document and use the API to access each element of the tree. Once accessed, you can access the content of the XML element and use further Python native functions to manipulate the content."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is object-oriented programming (OOP)?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming paradigm that uses objects, or data structures containing data, in order to design applications and computer programs. It relies on the concept of an object which can contain data, in the form of fields, and code, in the form of procedures. OOP also allows for modularity and inheritance, making it simpler to reuse code and create new objects."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to order all records by salary in ascending order.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY salary ASC;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python script for generating a random password.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import string\nimport random\n\ndef gen_password(length):\n    password_chars = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + string.punctuation\n    password = ''.join(random.choice(password_chars) for i in range(length))\n    return password\n\nlength = int(input(\"Enter the length of the password: \"))\nprint(gen_password(length))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How to create and use a session in PHP?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Creating a session in PHP requires a few simple steps. First, you need to initiate the session by calling the session_start function. After which, you can store any data you would like to save in the session by using the $_SESSION superglobal array. To retrieve the data stored, simply call the session variables you added. Finally, close the session using the session_write_close() function."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function for calculating the area of a circle.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function calc_area_circle(radius) {\n    let pi = 3.14;\n    let area = pi * radius * radius;\n    return area;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to select the first 3 records from a table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM table LIMIT 3;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How to create a web page with HTML and CSS?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Creating a web page with HTML and CSS requires a few simple steps. First, create a file with an .html extension and write basic HTML to define the structure of the page. Next, link the style sheet using the <link> tag and the relative path to the css folder. Then, write the css code to give the page styling and make it responsive. Lastly, add content to the page using HTML tags and finish by adding the necessary images and other multimedia."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program to find the nth Fibonacci number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static long Fibonacci(int n) {  \n        if (n <= 1) return n; \n        else return Fibonacci(n-1) + Fibonacci(n-2); \n    }"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How to debug a Python script?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Debugging a Python script requires the use of a debugger. The debugger allows one to step through the code line by line and inspect values of variables and other data. Python offers a variety of debuggers, both built-in and third-party. The most commonly used built-in debuggers include the pdb module, ipdb module, and pp module. Third-party debuggers such as pudb and pydbg are also available."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a MySQL query to join two tables.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT table_1.column, table_2.column FROM table_1 JOIN table_2 ON table_1.field = table_2.field;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program to convert an integer to a binary number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static String intToBinary(int n) { \n    String binaryString = \"\"; \n    while (n > 0) { \n        int rem = n % 2; \n        binaryString = rem + binaryString; \n        n = n / 2; \n    } \n    return binaryString;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class called 'Person' in Python",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Person:\n    def __init__(self, name: str, age: int):\n        self.name = name\n        self.age = age\n\n    def get_name(self):\n        return self.name\n\n    def set_age(self, age: int):\n        self.age = age\n\n    def get_age(self):\n        return self.age"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "After running the function provided below, what will be the value of result_list?",
            "input": "def my_func(x):\n    result_list = []\n    for i in range(x):\n       if i % 2 == 0:\n           result_list.append(i * 3)\n    return result_list\n\nx = 6",
            "output": "[0, 6, 12, 18]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is an 'iterator' in Python",
            "input": "",
            "output": "An iterator is an object that allows a program to traverse through all the elements of a collection, regardless of its specific implementation. In Python, iterators are objects that implement the iterator protocol, which consists of the methods __iter__() and __next__(). The __iter__() method returns an iterator from the behind the scenes iteration, and the __next__() method returns the next item from a sequence."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a for loop in Python to output the cumulative sum of numbers from 1 to 5",
            "input": "",
            "output": "result = 0\nfor i in range(1, 6):\n    result = result + i\n    print(result)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function 'fibonacci_num' in Python to find the nth number in the Fibonacci Sequence",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def fibonacci_num(n):\n    if n == 0:\n        return 0\n    elif n == 1:\n        return 1\n    else:\n        return fibonacci_num(n-1) + fibonacci_num(n-2)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How would you create a set in Python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A set can be created with the set() method, or with a pair of curly braces. For example:\n\nmy_set = set([1,2,3])\n# or\nmy_set = {1,2,3}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the purpose of a try/except block in Python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The purpose of a try/except block is to handle errors that may occur while a program is running. The try portion of the block contains the code that is susceptible to errors, while the except portion contains the code that will be executed if an error occurs."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the type of the variable 'n' in the following statement",
            "input": "n = [1, 2, 3]",
            "output": "List"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to concatenate two strings",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def concat(str1, str2):\n    return str1 + str2"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What are the arguments of the print() function in Python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The print() function typically takes two arguments: the object to be printed and the optional keyword argument 'end', which specifies the character(s) to be printed at the end of the output."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a dictionary in Python to store the phone numbers of your family members",
            "input": "",
            "output": "family_phone_numbers = {\n    'Mother' : 123456789,\n    'Father' : 987654321,\n    'Sister' : 985236741,\n    'Brother' : 642087513\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C program to calculate the area of a circle with a provided radius.",
            "input": "radius = 5",
            "output": "#include <stdio.h>\n#include <math.h>\n \nint main()\n{\n  double radius, area;\n \n  //Calculating area of circle\n  radius = 5.0;\n  area = M_PI * pow(radius, 2);\n \n  printf(\"Area of the circle = %f\", area);\n \n  return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to extract daily sales data from a provided table.",
            "input": "Table Name: Sales",
            "output": "SELECT date, SUM(quantity) AS daily_sales\nFROM Sales\nGROUP BY date;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the maximum and minimum temperature of a given list.",
            "input": "List = [20, 10, 9, 3, 15, 0]",
            "output": "Max: 20\nMin: 0"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Output whether the given list is ascending or descending order.",
            "input": "List = [1, 2, 0, -1, -2]",
            "output": "Descending order."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python code to print the numbers from 0 to 10 except the numbers 3 and 7.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for i in range(11):\n    if i != 3 and i != 7:\n        print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Reformat the given list by changing the structure of the elements.",
            "input": "list_dicts = [{\n    'fruit': 'apple',\n    'topping': 'nut'\n    }, {\n    'fruit': 'mango',\n    'topping': 'icing'\n    }]",
            "output": "list_tuples = [('apple', 'nut'), ('mango', 'icing')]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a matrix of zeroes with the given dimensions.",
            "input": "rows = 2\ncols = 3",
            "output": "matrix = [[0, 0, 0],\n          [0, 0, 0]]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to generate a random number in the given range.",
            "input": "min = 5\nmax = 10",
            "output": "function random_in_range(min, max) {\n    return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1) + min);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to filter out the entries with price greater than $10.",
            "input": "Table Name: Products",
            "output": "SELECT *\nFROM Products\nWHERE price > 10;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the given code to include a loop.",
            "input": "x = 0",
            "output": "for x in range(10):\n    print(x)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Output the type of the given variable.",
            "input": "variable = 12345",
            "output": "int"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Differentiate between a global scope and local scope variable for the given code.",
            "input": "x = 1\ndef func():\n    x = 0",
            "output": "x outside of the function is in its global scope and has a value of 1.\nx inside of the function is in its local scope and has a value of 0."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the largest number in the array",
            "input": "[3, 6, 7, 4, 2, 1]",
            "output": "7"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Identify the type of the following object",
            "input": "my_list = [3, 4, 5, 6]",
            "output": "List"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use regular expressions to extract the phone number from the string",
            "input": "My phone number is 604-457-4895",
            "output": "604-457-4895"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Remove all duplicate items from the list while preserving the order",
            "input": "my_list = [1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 5, 3]",
            "output": "def remove_duplicatse(my_list): \n    output = [] \n    seen = set() \n    for i in my_list: \n        if i not in seen: \n            output.append(i)\n            seen.add(i) \n    return output"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Return True if the string contains at least three vowels",
            "input": "word = \"programming\"",
            "output": "def has_three_vowels(word):\n    vowels = \"aeiou\"\n    count = 0\n    for letter in word:\n        if letter in vowels:\n            count += 1\n    return count >= 3"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compress a string by encoding adjacent repeated characters",
            "input": "s = \"AAABBCDDD\"",
            "output": "def compress_string(s):\n    result = \"\"\n    count = 1\n    for i in range (len(s) - 1):\n        if s[i] == s[i+1]:\n            count += 1\n        else:\n            result += str(count) + s[i]\n            count = 1\n    result += str(count) + s[-1]\n    return result"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to delete a given node from a linked list",
            "input": "head: 10->20->30->40->50\nnode_to_delete: 30",
            "output": "def deleteNode(head,node_to_delete): \n    curr = head \n    if curr is None or node_to_delete is None: \n\t    return\n    if curr == node_to_delete: \n\t    head = curr.next \n\t    node_to_delete = None\n\t    return\n    while curr.next is not None: \n        if curr.next == node_to_delete: \n            curr.next = node_to_delete.next \n            node_to_delete = None\n            return\n        else:  \n            curr = curr.next"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a valid URL",
            "input": "No input",
            "output": "https://www.example.com"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sum two complex numbers using the STD library.",
            "input": "std::complex<double> a(15.5,-30.1);\nstd::complex<double> b(-2.2,8.0);",
            "output": "std::complex<double> res = a + b;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Get the last element in a given array.",
            "input": "int arr[] = {5, 12, 3, 4, 7};",
            "output": "int lastElement = arr[4];"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to calculate the nth Fibonacci number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def Fibonacci(n): \n    if n<0: \n        print(\"Incorrect input\") \n    elif n==1: \n        return 0\n    elif n==2: \n        return 1\n    else: \n        return Fibonacci(n-1)+Fibonacci(n-2)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert a given hex number to an interger.",
            "input": "String hex = \"19D\";",
            "output": "int decimal = Integer.parseInt(hex, 16);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the factorial of an integer using recursion.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def factorial(n):\n    if n == 0:\n        return 1\n    else:\n        return n * factorial(n-1)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Print out the result of applying a given boolean operator between two boolean variables.",
            "input": "boolean a = true;\nboolean b = false;\nString operator = \"&&\";",
            "output": "System.out.println(a + \" \" + operator + \" \" + b + \" = \" + (a && b));"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert a given integer to a string in a given base.",
            "input": "int number = 15;\nint base = 16;",
            "output": "String result = Integer.toString(number, base);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to determine if a given number is a palindrome.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "boolean isPalindrome(int num)\n{\n    int rev = 0, rem, original;\n    original = num;\n    while(num > 0)\n    {\n        rem = num % 10;\n        rev = rev * 10 + rem;\n        num = num/10;\n    }\n    (original == rev) ? System.out.println(\"palindrome\") : System.out.println(\"not a palindrome\");\n    return (original == rev);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program to remove all vowels from a given string.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static String removeVowels(String str) \n{ \n    return str.replaceAll(\"[aeiouAEIOU]\", \"\");\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate 10 random integers between 0 - 100.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "[83, 83, 17, 66, 90, 16, 36, 78, 15, 18]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compute the factorial of a given number.",
            "input": "9",
            "output": "def factorial(n):\n    if n == 0:\n        return 1\n    else:\n        return n * factorial(n-1)\n    \nprint(factorial(9)) # Outputs 362880"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Form a string that prints the reversed version of a given string.",
            "input": "\"Hello World!\"",
            "output": "def reverse_string(s):\n    return s[::-1]\n\nprint(reverse_string(\"Hello World!\")) # Outputs \"!dlroW olleH\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an function to calculate the maximum of three given integer numbers.",
            "input": "5, 8, 2",
            "output": "def max_three(a, b, c):\n    max_val = max(a, b, c)\n \n    return max_val\n\nprint(max_three(5, 8, 2)) # Output 8"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code segment to generate a python list containing the first 5 even numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "even_nums = [x for x in range(0, 10) if x % 2 == 0][:5]\n\nprint(even_nums) # Outputs [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the following code to double the value of the 'a' variable.",
            "input": "a = 4",
            "output": "a = 8"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to select the top 5 highest paid employees from a table 'employees'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM employees ORDER BY salary DESC LIMIT 5;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a HTML code to create a div with a class name \"container\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<div class=\"container\"></div>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a code segment to find the maximum in a list of integers.",
            "input": "[3, 74, 8, 12]",
            "output": "def find_max(lst): \n    max = lst[0] \n      \n    for i in range(1, len(lst)): \n        if lst[i] > max: \n            max = lst[i] \n      \n    return max\n\nprint(find_max([3, 74, 8, 12])) # Outputs 74"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a JavaScript code to detect if a given char is a vowel or not.",
            "input": "j",
            "output": "function isVowel(char) {\n    var vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']\n    \n    if (vowels.includes(char)) \n        return true\n    \n    return false\n}\n\nconsole.log(isVowel('j')) # Outputs false"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python code segment to calculate the area of a given circle.",
            "input": "radius = 5",
            "output": "def area_of_circle(r):\n    return 3.14 * r**2\n \nprint(area_of_circle(5)) # Outputs 78.5"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compare two given strings and determine if they are the same.",
            "input": "\"Hello World\", \"Hello World\"",
            "output": "def check_equal(str1, str2):\n    return str1 == str2\n\nprint(check_equal(\"Hello World\", \"Hello World\")) # Outputs True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Analyze the time complexity of this algorithm",
            "input": "def find_pair(arr, k): \n    for i in range(len(arr)): \n        for j in range(len(arr)): \n            if arr[i] + arr[j] == k: \n                return True\n    return False",
            "output": "The time complexity of this algorithm is O(n^2) because it uses two loops to traverse the array. The first loop runs through the array, while the second loop runs through the array and compares each element with the given k value."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify this function to make it more efficient",
            "input": "def inefficient_function(arr):\n    result = []\n    for i in range(len(arr)):\n        for j in range(len(arr)):\n            if arr[i] + arr[j] not in result:\n                result.append(arr[i] + arr[j])\n    return result",
            "output": "def efficient_function(arr):\n    result = set()\n    for i in range(len(arr)):\n        for j in range(len(arr)):\n            result.add(arr[i] + arr[j])\n    return list(result)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an algorithm to solve this problem",
            "input": "Given a list of numbers, find all pairs of numbers that add up to a given sum.",
            "output": "def pair_sum(arr, k): \n    seen = set()\n    result = set()\n  \n    for i in range(len(arr)): \n        x = k - arr[i] \n        if x not in seen: \n            seen.add(arr[i])\n        else: \n            result.add((x, arr[i]))\n            \n    return result"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function that receives a string as an argument and returns the string without duplicate characters",
            "input": "Input string: \"Hello World!\"",
            "output": "def remove_duplicates(string):\n    seen = []\n    new_string = \"\"\n    for char in string:\n        if char not in seen:\n            seen.append(char)\n            new_string += char\n    return new_string"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function that takes an array of numbers and returns the median",
            "input": "Array: [4, 10, 15, 22, 25, 30]",
            "output": "def return_median(arr):\n    arr.sort()\n    mid = len(arr)//2\n    if len(arr) % 2 == 0:\n        median = (arr[mid] + arr[mid-1]) / 2\n    else:\n        median = arr[mid]\n\n    return median"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to find the longest common sequence of two strings",
            "input": "String 1: abcdgf\nString 2: abxdg",
            "output": "def longest_common_sequence(string1, string2):\n        s1 = len(string1)\n        s2 = len(string2)\n        lcs =  [[0 for x in range(s2+1)] for x in range(s1+1)]\n    \n        for i in range(s1):\n            for j in range(s2):\n                \n                if string1[i] == string2[j]:\n                    lcs[i+1][j+1] = lcs[i][j] + 1\n                    \n                else:\n                    lcs[i+1][j+1] = max(lcs[i+1][j], lcs[i][j+1])\n        \n        return lcs[s1][s2]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Categorize a list of words",
            "input": "Words: computer, mouse, keyboard, monitor",
            "output": "def categorize_words(words):\n    categories = {\n        'hardware': ['computer', 'mouse', 'keyboard', 'monitor'],\n        'software': []\n    }\n    return categories"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit this program to print out all numbers divisible by 11",
            "input": "for num in range(100):\n    print(num)",
            "output": "for num in range(100):\n    if num % 11 == 0:\n        print(num)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the power of a number",
            "input": "Number: 2\nPower: 4",
            "output": "def calc_power(n, p):\n    return n**p"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to calculate the number of sets of a given size in a list",
            "input": "List: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nSize: 3",
            "output": "def set_combinations(arr, k):\n  from itertools import combinations\n  comb = combinations(arr, k)\n  return len(list(comb))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java method to check if an array has all unique elements.",
            "input": "int[] array = [3, 5, 8, 6, 9];",
            "output": "public static boolean hasAllUniqueElements(int[] array) {\n    Set<Integer> seen = new HashSet<>();\n    for (int num : array) {\n        if (!seen.add(num)) {\n            return false;\n        }\n    }\n    return true;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate SQL query for retrieving a list of all orders with the amount more than 1000.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM orders WHERE amount > 1000;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "In the given string replace all whitespace characters with '*'",
            "input": "string = \"Let's have    some  fun!\"",
            "output": "\"Let's*have***some*fun!\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How many parameters does the 'strstr' function in C take?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The 'strstr' function in C takes two parameters."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Build a machine learning model for predicting the output for a given input.",
            "input": "Feature set: [Height, Weight, Age]",
            "output": "import numpy as np\nimport pandas as pd\nfrom sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression\n\n#Load the data\ndata = pd.read_csv(\"data.csv\")\n\n#Preprocessing\nX = data[['Height', 'Weight', 'Age']]\ny = data['Output']\n\n#Build the model\nmodel = LinearRegression()\nmodel.fit(X,y)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Describe the functionality of the random number generator.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A random number generator is a system that generates a sequence of numbers that are randomly selected from a given range. The generated numbers may be used for different purposes, such as data encryption, simulations, or games. The generated numbers are typically unpredictable and unrepeatable."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design an algorithm to group a given set of n elements into k subgroups.",
            "input": "n = 10 and k =3",
            "output": "def group_elements(n, k): \n    res = [0] * k # Initialize result \n    for i in range(n): \n        res[i % k] += 1 # Divide things into groups \n\nreturn res # return groups"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What are the differences between C# and Java?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "C# and Java both belong to the family of object-oriented programming languages, however there are some significant differences. C# is a Microsoft language, while Java is an open-source language. C# is more statically-typed than Java, meaning it has stronger typing rules. Additionally, C# supports LINQ, which is a set of extensions for querying data, while Java does not. C# also supports operator overloading, which Java does not."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python function to calculate the Euclidean distance between two points.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def euclidean_distance(point1, point2): \n   sum_of_squares = 0\n   for i in range(len(point1)): \n      sum_of_squares += (point1[i] - point2[i])**2\n   return sum_of_squares**0.5"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a HTML form to accept user information.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<form>\n    <label for=\"name\">Name:</label>\n    <input type=\"text\" name=\"name\" id=\"name\" />\n    <br/>\n    <label for=\"age\">Age:</label>\n    <input type=\"number\" name=\"age\" id=\"age\" />\n    <br/>\n    <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\" />\n</form>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Output the maximum difference between any two elements in an array.",
            "input": "arr = [10, 15, 20, 30, 2, 8]",
            "output": "def max_difference(arr):\n    max_diff = 0\n    for i in range(len(arr)):\n        for j in range(i+1, len(arr)):\n            diff = abs(arr[i] - arr[j])\n            if diff > max_diff:\n                max_diff = diff\n    return max_diff"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Describe the purpose of a for loop.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A for loop is a control flow statement used to iterate over a sequence of values. It consists of a loop header and a loop body that is executed a set number of times or until a given condition is satisfied. It is generally used to perform a task a certain number of times or to iterate through a collection of data such a list or array."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL query to delete all records from a table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "DELETE FROM TableName;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a dictionary object containing the key-value pairs from the given data.",
            "input": "data = [(\"name\", \"John\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"gender\", \"male\")]",
            "output": "def create_dictionary(data):\n    my_dict = {}\n    for key, value in data:\n        my_dict[key] = value\n    return my_dict"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sum the numbers in the given list and store the result in a variable.",
            "input": "numbers_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]",
            "output": "def sum_list(numbers_list):\n    total = 0\n    for num in numbers_list:\n        total += num\n    return total"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort the given list using insertion sort.",
            "input": "my_list = [3, 1, 7, 4, 5]",
            "output": "def insertion_sort(my_list):\n    for i in range(1, len(my_list)):\n        key = my_list[i]\n        j = i-1\n        while j>=0 and key < my_list[j]:\n            my_list[j+1] = my_list[j]\n            j -= 1\n        my_list[j+1] = key\n    return my_list"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given two strings s and t, write a program to check if t is an anagram of s.",
            "input": "s = \"listen\"\nt = \"silent\"",
            "output": "def anagram_check(s, t):\n    s_dict = {}\n    t_dict = {}\n    for char in s:\n        s_dict[char] = s_dict.get(char, 0) + 1\n    for char in t:\n        t_dict[char] = t_dict.get(char, 0) + 1\n    return s_dict == t_dict"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Count the total number of elements in a given list.",
            "input": "my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "def count_elements(my_list):\n    total = 0\n    for item in my_list:\n        total += 1\n    return total"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Make a copy of the given list and store it in a new variable.",
            "input": "my_list = [\"John\", \"Ana\", \"Tom\"]",
            "output": "def copy_list(my_list):\n    new_list = my_list.copy()\n    return new_list"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a set object from the given list.",
            "input": "my_list = [3, 4, 5, 4, 8]",
            "output": "def create_set(my_list):\n    return set(my_list)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using the input provided, create a function to return the sum of two numbers.",
            "input": "num1 = 10, num2 = 20",
            "output": "def sum_nums(num1, num2):\n    return num1 + num2;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Print all the keys of the following dictionary.",
            "input": "my_dict = {'Name': 'John', 'Age': 25, 'Country': 'USA'}",
            "output": "print(list(my_dict.keys())) # Prints list containing the keys ['Name', 'Age', 'Country']"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an array of 10 random numbers between 1 and 100.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import random\n\narr = []\nfor i in range(10):\n    arr.append(random.randrange(1,101))\n\nprint(arr) # Prints the array of random numbers"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to check whether the given string is a palindrome or not.",
            "input": "my_string = \"malayalam\"",
            "output": "def check_palindrome(my_string):\n    rev_str = my_string[::-1]\n    \n    if (my_string == rev_str):\n        return True\n    else:\n        return False\n\nresult = check_palindrome(my_string)\nprint(result) # Prints True as the given string is a palindrome."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Typecast the following variable from an integer to a string.",
            "input": "my_num = 13",
            "output": "my_num = str(my_num) # Now the variable my_num is a string."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to retrieve all records from the table \"Students\" where age is greater than 18.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM Students WHERE age > 18;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in ReactJS to handle a mouse click on a button.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "handleClick(event){\n  // your logic here\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a database table in MySQL to store student data.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "CREATE TABLE Students (\n  student_id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,\n  first_name VARCHAR(50),\n  last_name VARCHAR(50),\n  age TINYINT UNSIGNED,\n  gender ENUM ('M', 'F', 'O')\n);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How to check if an element is present in an array in JavaScript?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The simplest way to check if an element is present in an array is to use the Array.prototype.includes() method to test if a given element is a member of the array.\n\nFor example:\nconst arr = [1, 2, 3];\narr.includes(2); // returns true\narr.includes(4); // returns false"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML table with 3 columns, \"Name\", \"Age\", \"Gender\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<table>\n  <tr>\n    <th>Name</th>\n    <th>Age</th>\n    <th>Gender</th>\n  </tr>\n</table>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to add two numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function addTwoNumbers(num1, num2) {\n  return num1 + num2;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python dictionary with 3 elements.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "my_dict = {\n 'name': 'John',\n 'age': 25,\n 'city': 'London'\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How would you declare an array of functions in JavaScript?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let arrayOfFunctions = [];\n\narrayOfFunctions[0] = function() {\n    // Function 1\n}\n\narrayOfFunctions[1] = function() {\n    // Function 2\n}\n\n// and so on."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that calculates the average of two numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function calcAverage(a, b){\n    return (a + b) / 2;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to add data to the 'user_details' table.",
            "input": "Fields: 'id', 'name', 'phone'\nValues: 101, 'John', '9999999999'",
            "output": "INSERT INTO user_details (id, name, phone) VALUES (101, 'John', '9999999999');"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to translate a string from English to Spanish.",
            "input": "Hello World",
            "output": "function translateToSpanish(str){ \n    const englishToSpanishDictionary = {\n        'Hello': 'Hola', \n        'World': 'Mundo'\n    }; \n  \n    let translation = ''; \n    for (let word of str.split(' ')) { \n        translation += englishToSpanishDictionary[word] + ' '; \n    } \n  \n    return translation.trim(); \n} \n  \nlet str = 'Hello World'; \nlet translatedStr = translateToSpanish(str); \nconsole.log('Translation of ' + str + ' is ' + translatedStr);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit this SQL code to generate a new table 'employee_details'.",
            "input": "CREATE TABLE user_details (id INT, name VARCHAR(20), phone VARCHAR(20))",
            "output": "CREATE TABLE employee_details (id INT, name VARCHAR(20), phone VARCHAR(20))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to check if a given string contains only digits.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function isStringOnlyDigits(str){\n    //loop through each character in the string\n    for(let i = 0; i < str.length; i++){\n        //check if character at the index i is a digit\n        if(!Number.isInteger(Number(str[i]))){\n            return false;\n        }\n    }\n    return true;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to randomly generate 8 character alphanumeric strings.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function generateRandomString(){\n    const chars = \"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789\";\n    let result = \"\";\n    for (let i = 8; i > 0; --i) {\n        result += chars[Math.floor(Math.random() * chars.length)];\n    }\n    return result;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How would you print a string multiple times in Java?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "String str = \"Hello World!\"; \nint count = 5;\n\nwhile(count > 0) { \n    System.out.println(str);\n    count--;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a MySQL database query to select all records from the 'order_details' table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM order_details;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a CSS selector to style all elements with the class 'main-heading'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": ".main-heading { \n    /* styles for all elements with class 'main-heading' */\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a C++ program that finds the greatest of three numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std; \nint findMax(int x, int y, int z) \n{ \n    int max_num = x; \n    if (y > max_num) \n        max_num = y; \n    if (z > max_num) \n        max_num = z; \n    return max_num; \n} \nint main() \n{ \n   int x, y, z;\n   cin>>x>>y>>z; \n    cout<<findMax(x, y, z); \n   return 0; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to calculate the total order amount for each customer in 'order_details' table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT order_details.customer_id, SUM(order_details.order_amount)\nFROM order_details\nGROUP BY order_details.customer_id;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How would you convert a string from upper to lowercase in JavaScript?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let str = 'HELLO WORLD';\nlet newStr = str.toLowerCase();\nconsole.log(newStr); // hello world"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Python to calculate the area of triangle given the base and height as parameters",
            "input": "base=10\nheight=5",
            "output": "def get_triangle_area(base, height):\n    return 0.5 * base * height"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript program to remove the first element from an array and return the new length.",
            "input": "var nums = [1,2,3,4]",
            "output": "function removeFirstItem(nums) {\n  nums.shift(); \n  return nums.length;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to print out reversing numbers from N (N can be any range).",
            "input": "N = 10",
            "output": "def print_reverse_numbers(N):\n        for i in range(N, 0, -1):\n            print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python program to find the sum of digits of a number.",
            "input": "number = 2345",
            "output": "def sum_of_digits(number):\n    sum = 0\n    while (number != 0):\n        sum += number % 10\n        number //= 10\n    return sum"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to remove all the vowels in an input string.",
            "input": "string = \"Hello World!\"",
            "output": "def remove_vowels(string):\n    vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']\n    new_string = \"\"\n    for char in string:\n        if char not in vowels:\n            new_string += char\n    return new_string"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the below code such that it prints a multiplication table for the user given number.",
            "input": "num = 5",
            "output": "def print_multiplication_table(num):\n    for i in range(1,11):\n        print(num,\"*\",i,\"=\",num*i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an algorithm to solve Fibonacci sequence using recursion.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def fibonacci(n):\n    if n == 1:\n        return 1\n    elif n == 0:\n        return 0\n    else:\n        return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program to take two numbers as input and return the greatest common divisor of them.",
            "input": "a = 20\nb = 10",
            "output": "public static int gcd(int a, int b) \n { \n    if (a == 0) \n        return b; \n \n    return gcd(b % a, a); \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code snippet to find the length of a string in JavaScript.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function findLength(str) { \n    return str.length; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an algorithm in Ruby to check if an integer is odd or even.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def odd_or_even(num)\n  if(num % 2 == 0)\n    return \"even\"\n  else\n    return \"odd\"\nend"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite the following code in JavaScript, this code replaces all instances of the letter \"e\" with \"*\":",
            "input": "string = \"Hello World!\"",
            "output": "let newString = string.replace(/e/gi, '*');"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design an algorithm in Python to sort an array using bubble sort.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def bubble_sort(arr): \n    for i in range(len(arr)): \n        for j in range(0, len(arr)-i-1): \n            if arr[j] > arr[j+1] : \n                arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j] \n    return arr"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Java to compute the sum of all numbers from 1 to N.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static int calculateSum(int n) \n    { \n        return (n * (n + 1)) / 2; \n    }"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C# program to delete an element from an array at a given position.",
            "input": "arr = [20, 25, 12, 67]\nposition = 2",
            "output": "public static int[] deleteElement (int[] arr, int position) \n{ \n    if (position == arr.Length-1)\n    {\n        int[] new_arr = new int[arr.Length-1]; \n        for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length-1; i++) \n            new_arr[i] = arr[i]; \n        return new_arr;\n    }\n    else\n    {\n        int[] new_arr = new int[arr.Length-1]; \n        for (int i = 0; i < position; i++) \n            new_arr[i] = arr[i]; \n  \n        for (int i = position+1; i < arr.Length; i++) \n            new_arr[i-1] = arr[i];\n    \n        return new_arr;\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compile the following piece of code written in Java.",
            "input": "class HelloWorldApp {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        System.out.println(\"Hello World!\");\n    }\n}",
            "output": "compiling code...\nsuccessfully compiled HelloWorldApp.class"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class constructor in JavaScript.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Person {\n    constructor(name, age) {\n        this.name = name;\n        this.age = age;\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a random integer in JavaScript.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Math.floor(Math.random() * 100) + 1;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to return the list of names from a specified table.",
            "input": "Table Name: Users",
            "output": "SELECT name FROM Users;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Show the output of the following code written in Ruby.",
            "input": "a = (1..10).each {|x| x*x}",
            "output": "a = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compose a SQL statement to insert a row into a given table.",
            "input": "Table Name: Employees\nTable Columns: First_Name, Last_Name, Age",
            "output": "INSERT INTO Employees (First_Name, Last_Name, Age) VALUES ('John', 'Smith', 32);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How to store an array in MongoDB?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "MongoDB supports embedded data models, so you can store an array by defining an array field in a document. For example: {name: 'John', age: 25, hobbies: ['running', 'swimming', 'biking']}."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a new column in a given table using SQL.",
            "input": "Table Name: Products\nColumn Name: Price",
            "output": "ALTER TABLE Products ADD Price DECIMAL(10,2);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following piece of code written in PHP to make it more efficient.",
            "input": "function make_upper($text) {\n    $words = explode(\" \", $text);\n    foreach($words as $word) {\n        echo strtoupper($word) . \" \";\n    }\n}",
            "output": "function make_upper($text) {\n    $words = explode(\" \", $text);\n    foreach($words as &$word) {\n        $word = strtoupper($word);\n    }\n    echo implode(\" \", $words);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a for-loop in Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for i in range(10): \n    print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct an if-else statement in JavaScript.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "if(condition){\n    // do something\n} else {\n    // do something else\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a loop in Python to display all elements in a list.",
            "input": "mylist = [5, 2, 4, 7, 3]",
            "output": "for element in mylist:\n    print(element)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in JavaScript that takes two parameters, number and string, and checks if the string is longer than the number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function checkParams(num, string) {\n  if (string.length > num) {\n    return true;\n  }\n  return false;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a query in SQL to find the names of all customers who have bought products from category A.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT Customers.name\nFROM Customers\nINNER JOIN Orders ON Customers.id = Orders.customer_id\nINNER JOIN Products ON Products.id = Orders.product_id\nWHERE Products.category = \"A\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a script in JavaScript to validate that the user has entered a valid email address.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function validateEmail(email) {\n  var re = /^(([^<>()\\[\\]\\\\.,;:\\s@\"]+(\\.[^<>()\\[\\]\\\\.,;:\\s@\"]+)*)|(\".+\"))@((\\[[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\])|(([a-zA-Z\\-0-9]+\\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}))$/;\n  return re.test(String(email).toLowerCase());\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Python to count the number of digits in a given number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def count_digits(n):\n    count = 0\n    while n != 0:\n        count += 1\n        n = n//10\n    return count"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a piece of code in C++ to calculate the maximum of two delivered numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "int max(int num1, int num2) {\n  if(num1 > num2)\n    return num1;\n  else\n    return num2;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Python to remove duplicates from a list.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def remove_duplicates(lst): \n    new_list = [] \n    for i in lst: \n        if i not in new_list: \n            new_list.append(i) \n    return new_list"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort a given array in ascending order using bubble sort.",
            "input": "myarray = [3, 2, 4, 6, 1]",
            "output": "def bubbleSort(arr): \n    n = len(arr) \n  \n    # Traverse through all array elements \n    for i in range(n): \n  \n        # Last i elements are already in place \n        for j in range(0, n-i-1): \n  \n            # traverse the array from 0 to n-i-1 \n            # Swap if the element found is greater \n            # than the next element \n            if arr[j] > arr[j+1] : \n                arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a query in SQL to calculate the total sales of a store in the month of July.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT SUM(sales) \nFROM orders \nWHERE MONTH(order_date) = 7"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Python to test if a number is prime.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def is_prime(n):\n    if n == 1:\n        return False\n    for i in range(2, int(float(n) ** 0.5) + 1):\n        if n % i == 0:\n            return False\n    return True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a loop in Python to print all the odd numbers from a given list.",
            "input": "mylist = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "for num in mylist:\n    if num % 2 != 0:\n        print(num)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a query in SQL to update the price of all the products in category A to 50.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "UPDATE Products\nSET price = 50\nWHERE category = 'A'"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in JavaScript to convert a string to Title Case.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function toTitleCase(str) {\n    return str.replace(/\\w\\S*/g, function(txt){\n        return txt.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + txt.substr(1).toLowerCase();\n    });\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Describe one way to optimize the following code snippet.",
            "input": "def count_letters(text):\n    count = 0\n    for letter in text:\n        count = count + 1\n    return count",
            "output": "One way to optimize this code snippet is to use the built-in len() function which returns the length of an object. This would eliminate the need for an extra loop to count the letters. The updated code would look like this:\n\ndef count_letters(text):\n    return len(text)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "You are given a list of numbers. Write a program to find out whether or not the list is in ascending order.",
            "input": "[2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 14]",
            "output": "true"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the following C code to Python.",
            "input": "int main()\n{\n    int i;\n    int n = 10;\n    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {\n        printf(\"%d\\n\", i + 1);\n    }\n    return 0;\n}",
            "output": "def main():\n    n = 10\n    for i in range(n):\n        print(i + 1)\n    return 0"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the following XML to JSON format.",
            "input": "<person>\n    <name>John Smith</name>\n    <age>25</age>\n    <address>\n        <street>123 Main St.</street>\n        <city>New York</city>\n        <state>NY</state>\n    </address>\n</person>",
            "output": "{\n    \"person\": {\n        \"name\": \"John Smith\",\n        \"age\": 25,\n        \"address\": {\n            \"street\": \"123 Main St.\",\n            \"city\": \"New York\",\n            \"state\": \"NY\"\n        }\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JQuery code snippet to hide an element with id \"myElement\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "$(\"#myElement\").hide();"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "You need to read a code and identify the data structure it uses.",
            "input": "def insertionSort(arr): \n    for i in range(1, len(arr)): \n        key = arr[i] \n        j = i-1\n        while j >=0 and key < arr[j] : \n                arr[j+1] = arr[j] \n                j -= 1\n        arr[j+1] = key",
            "output": "The code is using an array data structure."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML form with following fields: name, email, age, and gender.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<form>\n  <label for=\"name\">Name:</label><br>\n  <input type=\"text\" id=\"name\" name=\"name\"><br>\n  <label for=\"email\">Email:</label><br>\n  <input type=\"text\" id=\"email\" name=\"email\"><br>\n  <label for=\"age\">Age:</label><br>\n  <input type=\"number\" id=\"age\" name=\"age\"><br>\n  <label for=\"gender\">Gender:</label><br>\n  <select id=\"gender\" name=\"gender\">\n    <option value=\"male\">Male</option>\n    <option value=\"female\">Female</option>\n    <option value=\"non-binary\">Non-Binary</option>\n  </select><br><br>\n  <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\">\n</form>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a CSS code to apply the following attributes to a\nparagraph: font-size: 16px, font-family: Arial, color: #FF0000",
            "input": "",
            "output": "p {\n    font-size: 16px;\n    font-family: Arial;\n    color: #FF0000;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a React.js component to render a button with a given text.",
            "input": "\"Submit\"",
            "output": "const SubmitButton = (props) => {\n  return (\n    <button>{props.text}</button>\n  )\n}\n\nReactDOM.render(\n  <SubmitButton text=\"Submit\" />,\n  document.getElementById('root')\n);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a MongoDB query to retrieve all documents in a collection with the Field \"name\" equal to \"John\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "db.collection.find({ \"name\": \"John\" })"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the difference between assert and verify?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Assert is used to make sure the result of a program is as expected, while Verify is used to check if a certain condition is true. Assert throws an error when the condition is not met, while Verify continues without a visible error."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a function to reverse a linked list.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def reverse_linked_list(head):\n    prev = None\n    curr = head\n    while curr:\n        temp = curr.next\n        curr.next = prev\n        prev = curr\n        curr = temp\n    return prev"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Is there a way to run a function after a delay in Python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Yes, you can use the ``time.sleep()`` function to delay the execution of a function for a specified amount of time. For example, you can use it as follows: \n\nimport time\n\ndef delay_func():\n    print('Function is running')\n\ntime.sleep(1)\ndelay_func()"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Prompt the user to enter a number and print out the square of the number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "num = int(input(\"Please enter a number: \"))\nprint(\"The square of the number is \" + str(num*num))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite the following code to fix the bug.",
            "input": "def calculate_avg(nums):\n    total = 0\n    for i in range(0, nums):\n        total += i\n    return total / nums",
            "output": "def calculate_avg(nums):\n    total = 0\n    for i in range(1, nums + 1):\n        total += i\n    return total / nums"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a set called 'unique_words' containing only unique words from a list 'words'.",
            "input": "words = ['hello','world','hello','again']",
            "output": "unique_words = set(words)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What does the following code print out?",
            "input": "x = 5\ny = 10\nprint(x + y)",
            "output": "15"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the following code.",
            "input": "def order_list(list):\n    sorted_list = sorted(list)\n    return sorted_list",
            "output": "The ``order_list()`` function takes a list as input and returns a sorted version of the list. It uses the built-in Python ``sorted()`` method which sorts the list in-place and returns a new list."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit this Java program to implement the feature asked in input",
            "input": "Write a program that takes an array of integers and returns the index of a target integer if it is present in the array. If the target is not in the array, return -1.",
            "output": "public int findIndex(int[] arr, int target){\n    for(int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++){\n        if(arr[i] == target){\n            return i;\n        }\n    }\n    return -1;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Debug the given C++ code",
            "input": "#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n string abc = \"Hello world!\";\n cout << ABC << endn;\n \n return 0;\n}",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n string abc = \"Hello world!\";\n cout << abc << endl;\n \n return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a recursive function to compute the Fibonacci sequence",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def Fibonacci(n): \n    if n<0: \n        print(\"Incorrect input\") \n    elif n==1: \n        return 0\n    elif n==2: \n        return 1\n    else: \n        return Fibonacci(n-1)+Fibonacci(n-2)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Javascript code to detect the internet connectivity",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function checkInternetConnectivity() {\n  if (navigator.onLine) {\n    // online \n    return true;\n  } else {\n   // offline\n   return false;\n  }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that sorts an array of numbers using the Bubble Sort algorithm",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function bubbleSort (arr) {\n  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {\n    for (let j = 0; j < arr.length - i - 1; j++) {\n      if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {\n        let temp = arr[j];\n        arr[j] = arr[j+1];\n        arr[j+1] = temp;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return arr;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a React component that renders a list of items",
            "input": "[ \"Apple\", \"Banana\", \"Cherry\" ]",
            "output": "import React from \"react\";\n\nconst ListItems = (props) => {\n  return (\n    <ul>\n      {props.list.map((item, index) => (\n        <li key={index}>{item}</li>\n      ))}\n    </ul>\n  );\n};\n\nexport default ListItems;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function that searches for an element in a sorted array",
            "input": "[ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ]",
            "output": "def binarySearch(arr, target):\n  # start at the center of the array\n  left = 0 \n  right = len(arr)-1\n  while left <= right:\n    mid = (left+right)//2\n    if arr[mid] == target:\n      return mid\n    elif arr[mid] < target: # target is in right\n      left = mid + 1\n    else: # target is in left\n      right = mid - 1\n  return -1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a PHP class for a calculator",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Calculator {\n  // declare the variables\n  private $operand1;\n  private $operand2;\n\n  // the constructor\n  public function __construct($operand1, $operand2) {\n    $this->operand1 = $operand1;\n    $this->operand2 = $operand2;\n  }\n  \n  public function add() {\n    return $this->operand1 + $this->operand2;\n  }\n  \n  public function subtract() {\n    return $this->operand1 - $this->operand2;\n  }\n\n  public function multiply() {\n    return $this->operand1 * $this->operand2;\n  }\n\n  public function divide() {\n    return $this->operand1 / $this->operand2;\n  }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a HTML form with a username and password text box",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n  <body>\n\n    <form action=\"\">\n      <p>\n        Username: <input type=\"text\" name=\"username\" />\n      </p>\n      <p>\n        Password: <input type=\"password\" name=\"password\" />\n      </p>\n      <p>\n        <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\" />\n      </p>\n    </form>\n\n  </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a NodeJS class for a Triangle",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Triangle {\n  constructor(side1, side2, side3) {\n    this.side1 = side1 \n    this.side2 = side2 \n    this.side3 = side3\n  }\n  \n  area() {\n    let s = (this.side1 + this.side2 + this.side3) / 2\n    let area =  Math.sqrt(s*(s-this.side1)*(s-this.side2)*(s-this.side3))\n    return area\n  }\n\n  isEquilateral() {\n    return this.side1 === this.side2 && this.side2 === this.side3\n  }\n  \n  isIsosceles() {\n   return this.side1 === this.side2 || this.side2 === this.side3 || this.side1 === this.side3\n  }\n\n  isScalene() {\n   return this.side1 !== this.side2 && this.side2 !== this.side3\n  }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Classify the following numbers in to prime and non- prime",
            "input": "[ 41, 7, 16 ]",
            "output": "[41, 7] : Prime Numbers\n[16] : Non- Prime Numbers"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the output of this Java code?",
            "input": "public class HelloWorld {\n  public static void main(String[] args) {\n    int x = 5;\n    int y = 3;\n    int z = (x + y) * x;\n    System.out.println(\"z = \" + z);\n  }\n}",
            "output": "z = 40"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Python that takes two numbers and returns the greater one",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def max_number(a,b):\n    if a > b:\n        return a\n    else:\n        return b"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a PHP script to print the difference between two dates.",
            "input": "$date1 = \"2021-02-15\";\n$date2 = \"2021-04-30\";",
            "output": "<?php\n    $date1 = new DateTime($date1);\n    $date2 = new DateTime($date2);\n    \n    $interval = $date1->diff($date2);\n    \n    echo \"The difference is \" . $interval->format('%R%a days');\n?>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C# program to add two numbers given as command line arguments.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Program\n{\n    static void Main(string[] args)\n    {\n        int num1 = int.Parse(args[0]);\n        int num2 = int.Parse(args[1]);\n\n        int sum = num1 + num2;\n\n        Console.WriteLine(\"The sum of the two numbers is: \" + sum);\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use CSS to change the font size and color of an H1 heading.",
            "input": "<h1>This is a Heading</h1>",
            "output": "<style>\n    h1 {\n        font-size: 20px;\n        color: #000000;\n    }\n</style>\n\n<h1>This is a Heading</h1>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Rust that takes three strings and returns the longest one.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "fn longest_string(a: &str, b: &str, c: &str) -> &str {\n    let mut longest = a;\n    if b.len() > longest.len() {\n        longest = b;\n    } \n    if c.len() > longest.len() {\n        longest = c;\n    } \n    \n    longest\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to select the distinct names of all the customers from a table named 'customers'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT DISTINCT name FROM customers;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compute the mean of the following list of numbers using a Bash script.",
            "input": "1 5 8 0 3",
            "output": "#!/bin/bash\n\nARRAY=(1 5 8 0 3)\n\nsum=0\nfor x in ${ARRAY[*]} \ndo\n\tlet sum+=$x\ndone\n\nlet mean=sum/5\n\necho \"The mean of the numbers is $mean\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use HTML and CSS to create a navigation bar.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n<head>\n    <style>\n        nav {\n            position: relative;\n            background-color: #e9ecef;\n            display: flex;\n            z-index: 999;\n        }\n\n        nav ul {\n            list-style-type: none;\n            margin: 0;\n            padding: 0;\n        }\n\n        nav li {\n            float: left;\n            font-size: 14px;\n        }\n    </style>\n\n</head>\n<body>\n    <nav>\n        <ul>\n            <li>Home</li>\n            <li>About</li>\n            <li>Contact</li>\n        </ul>\n    </nav>\n</body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in C that takes two integers and prints their product.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <stdio.h>\n \n// function to find product of two numbers\nint product(int a, int b)\n{\n   return (a*b);\n}\n \n// Driver program to test product\nint main()\n{\n    int a = 5, b = 8;\n    int prod;\n    prod = product(a, b);\n    printf(\"Product of %d and %d is %d\", a, b, prod);\n    return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an array of seven random integers between 1 and 10 in Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import random\n\narr = [random.randint(1,10) for ele in range(7)]\nprint(arr)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python function to identify the most frequent element in a list.",
            "input": "my_list = [2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4]",
            "output": "def findMostFreqElement(my_list):\n    freqs = {}\n    for item in my_list:\n        if item in freqs.keys():\n            freqs[item] += 1\n        else:\n            freqs[item] = 1\n    max_value = 0\n    max_key = None\n    for key, value in freqs.items():\n        if value > max_value:\n            max_value = value\n            max_key = key\n    return max_key"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to extract lowercase characters from a given string.",
            "input": "my_string = 'Welcome To My Community!'",
            "output": "function lowerCaseExtract(my_string) {\n    var out = '';\n    for ( var i=0; i<my_string.length; i++ ) {\n        if (my_string.charAt(i) >= 'a' && my_string.charAt(i) <= 'z') { \n            out += my_string.charAt(i); \n        }\n    }\n    return out;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL query to find the top 10 most expensive products.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT p.product_name, p.price,\nFROM products p\nORDER BY p.price DESC\nLIMIT 10;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program to capitalize the first letter of each word in a sentence.",
            "input": "my_sentence = \"this is my string\"",
            "output": "public static String capitalizeFirstLetter(String my_sentence) {\n\n    String[] words = my_sentence.split(\" \");\n    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();\n    for(int i = 0; i < words.length; i++){\n        result.append(Character.toUpperCase(words[i].charAt(0)))\n              .append(words[i].substring(1)).append(\" \");\n    }\n    return result.toString();\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python function to remove all the given characters from the list of elements.",
            "input": "my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5], chars = [2, 3, 4]",
            "output": "def removeChars(my_list, chars):\n    res = [] \n    for element in my_list:\n        if element not in chars: \n            res.append(element)  \n    return res"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Perl script to generate a random 8-character alphanumeric string.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#!/usr/bin/perl \n \nuse strict; \nuse warnings; \n \nsub generateRandomString \n{ \n    my $length = 8; \n    my @chars=('a'..'z', 'A' .. 'Z', 0 .. 9); \n    my $random_string; \n    foreach (1..$length)  \n    { \n        # rand @chars will generate a random \n        # number between 0 and scalar @chars \n        $random_string .= $chars[rand @chars];  \n    } \n    return $random_string; \n} \n \n# Main \nprint (generateRandomString());"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to format a phone number with the following format \"(xxx)xxx-xxxx\".",
            "input": "my_number = '1234567890'",
            "output": "def formatPhoneNumber(my_number):\n    return \"(\" + my_number[0:3] + \")\" + my_number[3:6] + \"-\" + my_number[6:10]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a C++ program to count the frequency of each word in a given string.",
            "input": "my_string = \"This is my string\"",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\n#include <unordered_map>\n \nvoid wordFrequency(const std::string& my_string) \n{ \n    std::unordered_map<std::string,int> freqs; \n    std::string word; \n  \n    for (std::string::const_iterator it = my_string.begin(); it != my_string.end(); ++it) \n    { \n        if (*it == ' ') \n        { \n            if(freqs.find(word) == freqs.end()) \n            { \n                freqs[word] = 1; \n            } \n            else\n            { \n                freqs[word]++; \n            } \n            word = \"\"; \n        } \n        else\n        { \n            word = word + *it; \n        } \n    } \n    if(freqs.find(word) == freqs.end()) \n    { \n        freqs[word] = 1; \n    } \n    else\n    { \n        freqs[word]++; \n    } \n  \n    for (auto i : freqs) \n    { \n        std::cout << i.first << \" : \" << i.second << std::endl; \n    } \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL query to find the difference between the total salaries of employees who work in department 1 and department 2.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT SUM(e1.salary) - SUM(e2.salary) AS Salary_Diff\nFROM employees e1 \nJOIN departments d1 on e1.department_id = d1.id\nJOIN employees e2 on e2.department_id = d2.id\nWHERE d1.id = 1 AND d2.id = 2;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes two strings as parameters and returns true if the first string is a substring of the second and false otherwise.",
            "input": "string1 = \"this\" \nstring2 = \"dothis\"",
            "output": "bool isSubstring(string string1, string string2)\n{\n    bool isMatched = false;\n\n    for (int i = 0; i < string2.length(); i++){\n        if (string1[0] == string2[i]){\n            isMatched = true;\n\n            for (int j = 0; j < string1.length(); j++){\n                if (string1[j] != string2[i + j]){\n                    isMatched = false;\n                    break;\n                }\n\n            }\n\n            if (isMatched == true){\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n    \n    return isMatched;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Python for selecting the largest prime number found in a given array of numbers.",
            "input": "numbersArray = [21, 13, 25, 37, 49, 55]",
            "output": "def largestPrime(numbersArray):\n    largestPrime = 0\n    \n    for number in numbersArray:\n        if number > 1:\n            isPrime = True\n            for i in range(2, number): \n                if (number % i == 0):\n                    isPrime = False\n                    break\n            if isPrime:\n                if number > largestPrime:\n                    largestPrime = number\n    \n    return largestPrime"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort an array in descending order using Python.",
            "input": "numbersArray = [24, 7, 88, 46, 17, 39]",
            "output": "def descendingSort(numbersArray): \n    for i in range(len(numbersArray)-1, 0, -1):\n         for j in range(i):\n            if numbersArray[j] < numbersArray[j+1] :\n                temp = numbersArray[j]\n                numbersArray[j] = numbersArray[j+1]\n                numbersArray[j+1] = temp\n    return numbersArray"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Java program for finding the median of a given array of numbers.",
            "input": "numbersArray = [49, 12, 32, 79, 25, 91]",
            "output": "public class MedianFinder\n{\n    public static double findMedian(int[] numbersArray)\n    {\n        Arrays.sort(numbersArray);\n        int arrayLength = numbersArray.length;\n\n        double median;\n\n        if (arrayLength % 2 == 0)\n            median = ((double)numbersArray[arrayLength/2] + (double)numbersArray[arrayLength/2 - 1])/2;\n        else\n            median = (double) numbersArray[arrayLength/2];\n\n        return median;\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the importance of variable scope in programming?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Variable scope is an important concept in programming as it determines the accessibility of variables in different parts of the code. It defines the area of code in which the variable can be used and is also known as the visibility or lifetime of the variable. There are different types of scopes such as global, local, and static which determine the extent to which the values associated with a variable can be accessed. The right use of scoped variables makes programs easier to understand and helps in debugging and optimizing the code."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in C++ that takes an array of integers and returns the average of those integers.",
            "input": "intArray = [12, 13, 24, 33, 41]",
            "output": "double avgArray(int intArray[], int size)   //Needs the size in order to calculate the average\n{ \n    double sum = 0; \n    \n    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)  \n        sum += intArray[i]; \n    \n    return sum / size; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program for finding a subset of a given array with maximum sum.",
            "input": "setArray = [2, 3, 5, -6, 8]",
            "output": "public class MaximumSubset \n{ \n    public static int maximumSubset(int setArray[]) \n    {\n        int sumGenerate = 0; \n        int maxSumGenerate = 0;\n        int subsetArray[] = new int[setArray.length]; \n        \n        for (int i = 0; i < setArray.length; i++) { \n            subsetArray[i] = -1; \n        } \n        \n        int index = -1; \n        int maxNumber = 0; \n        int maxIndex = -1; \n        \n        for (int i = 0; i < setArray.length; i++) \n        { \n            if (maxNumber < setArray[i]) \n            { \n                maxNumber = setArray[i]; \n                maxIndex = i; \n            } \n        } \n        subsetArray[maxIndex] = maxNumber;\n        maxSumGenerate += maxNumber; \n        \n        for (index = 0; index < setArray.length; index++) \n        { \n            if (subsetArray[index] != -1) \n            { \n                sumGenerate += setArray[index]; \n            } \n        } \n  \n        for (int i = 0; i < setArray.length; i++) \n        { \n            if (subsetArray[i] == -1) \n            { \n                if (sumGenerate + setArray[i] <= 0) \n                    continue; \n  \n                subsetArray[i] = setArray[i]; \n                sumGenerate += setArray[i]; \n                maxSumGenerate = Math.max(sumGenerate, maxSumGenerate); \n            } \n        } \n  \n        return maxSumGenerate; \n    } \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to find the total number of students in each department in a university.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT Students.department, COUNT(*) AS 'total_students'\nFROM Students \nGROUP BY Students.department;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the purpose of the `if-else` statement in programming?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The purpose of the `if-else` statement in programming is to make decisions and execute code based on certain conditions. It helps to make code more efficient and reliable by allowing it to execute logic based on certain criteria. The `if` statement checks the condition and executes a block of code only if the condition is true. Otherwise, a block of code associated with an `else` statement is executed."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in C++ to find the sum of the elements of an array.",
            "input": "intArray = [1, 5, 7, 10, 4]",
            "output": "int sumArray(int intArray[], int size) \n{ \n\tint sum = 0; \n\tfor (int i = 0; i < size; i++) \n\t\tsum += intArray[i]; \n\treturn sum; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Python for calculating the mean Absolute Error between two given arrays.",
            "input": "array1 = [12, 14, 69, -20, 20]\narray2 = [4, 8, 66, -11, 25]",
            "output": "def meanAbsError(array1, array2):\n\terror = 0\n\tfor i in range(len(array1)):\n\t\terror += abs(array1[i] - array2[i])\n\treturn error/len(array1)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Print out the last three item of a given array.",
            "input": "my_array = [1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 23, 54]",
            "output": "[11, 23, 54]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Define a Python function that calculates the area of a circle.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def calculate_circle_area(radius):\n  PI = 3.14\n  area = PI * radius**2\n  return area;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript class called 'Car' that has 4 properties: color, maxSpeed, speed, and acceleration.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Car {\n  constructor(color, maxSpeed) {\n    this.color = color;\n    this.maxSpeed = maxSpeed;\n    this.speed = 0;\n    this.acceleration = 0;\n  }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the sum of all items in this array.",
            "input": "my_array = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]",
            "output": "30"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the maximum integer in this array.",
            "input": "my_array = [3, 8, 4, 6, 5]",
            "output": "8"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Identify if the given number is odd or even.",
            "input": "number = 7",
            "output": "Odd"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a HTML page that contains a text box and a submit button.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html> \n<head> \n<title>Input Form</title> \n</head> \n<body> \n<form> \n    <input type=\"text\" name=\"inputbox\"> \n    <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\"> \n</form> \n</body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a JSON object that contains a array of five different numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "{\n  \"arr\": [3, 6, 8, 10, 12]\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Determine the output of this JavaScript code.",
            "input": "let arr = [1, 3, 5, 7];\nfor (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {\n   console.log(arr[i]);\n}",
            "output": "1\n3\n5\n7"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following code so that it prints out all prime numbers in a given range.",
            "input": "def print_prime_numbers(start, end):\n  for n in range(start, end+1):\n    print (n)",
            "output": "def print_prime_numbers(start, end):\n  for n in range(start, end+1):\n    if is_prime(n):\n      print(n)\n\ndef is_prime(number):\n  for d in range(2, number):\n    if (number % d == 0):\n      return False\n  return True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Haskell function to find the largest number in a given list of numbers.",
            "input": "[4, 8, 2, 5, 0, 1]",
            "output": "maxNum list = maximum list\n\nmaxNum [4,8,2,5,0,1]\n-- Output: 8"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code that sorts a given list of numbers in ascending order.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def sort_list(numbers):\n  # sort the list\n  numbers.sort()\n\n  # return the sorted list\n  return numbers"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program to find the maximum value from a given array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static int findMax(int[] array) { \n  int max = array[0]; \n  for (int i = 1; i < array.length; i++) { \n    if (array[i] > max) { \n      max = array[i]; \n    } \n  } \n  return max; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a dictionary from a list of strings that contains the word as the key and the word count as the value.",
            "input": "['aaa', 'bbbb', 'aaa', 'ccc']",
            "output": "my_dict = {}\n for word in  ['aaa', 'bbbb', 'aaa', 'ccc']:\n    my_dict[word] = my_dict.get(word, 0) + 1\n\nprint(my_dict) # {'aaa': 2, 'bbbb': 1, 'ccc': 1}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to join two given lists with a given separator.",
            "input": "list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [4, 5, 6]\nseparator = ','",
            "output": "def join_lists(list1, list2, separator):\n    return separator.join(map(str, list1 + list2))\n\nprint (join_lists(list1, list2, separator)) # Output '1,2,3,4,5,6'"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function that takes in a given string and rotates it by 3 characters.",
            "input": "string = \"Hello World!\"",
            "output": "function rotateString(str) {\n  return str.slice(-3) + str.slice(0, -3);\n}\n\nconsole.log(rotateString(\"Hello World!\")); // \"rld!Hello Wo\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function which returns the largest item in an array.",
            "input": "array = [31, 2, 4, 12, 10]",
            "output": "function getMax(arr) {\n  let max = arr[0];\n  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {\n    if (arr[i] > max) {\n      max = arr[i];\n    }\n  }\n  return max;\n}\nconsole.log(getMax([31, 2, 4, 12, 10])); // 31"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite the following loop using a lambda expression.",
            "input": "list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nfor num in list:\n    print(num * 2)",
            "output": "list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nlist = list(map(lambda x: x * 2, list))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a CSS selector to select all elements having the class \"my-class\"",
            "input": "",
            "output": ".my-class {\n  /* CSS rules */\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to convert a given array into a dictionary object.",
            "input": "array = [[\"a\", 1], [\"b\", 2], [\"c\", 3]]",
            "output": "function arrayToObject(arr) {\n  const obj = {};\n  for (let i=0; i<arr.length; i++) {\n    const [key, val] = arr[i];\n    obj[key] = val;\n  }\n  return obj;\n}\n\nconsole.log(arrayToObject([[\"a\", 1], [\"b\", 2], [\"c\", 3]])); // { a: 1, b: 2, c: 3 }"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Swift code to reverse a given string.",
            "input": "string = \"Hello World!\"",
            "output": "func stringReverse(str: String) -> String {\n    var reversedStr = \"\"\n    for char in str {\n        reversedStr = \"\\(char)\" + reversedStr\n    }\n    return reversedStr\n}\n\nprint(stringReverse(str: \"Hello World!\")) // \"!dlroW olleH\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a word frequency table from a given text.",
            "input": "text = \"This is a sample text for the word frequency table\"",
            "output": "txt = \"This is a sample text for the word frequency table\"\nwords = txt.split()\nword_freq = {} \nfor word in words: \n    if word in word_freq: \n        word_freq[word] += 1\n    else: \n        word_freq[word] = 1\n  \nprint (\"Words Frequency Table:\\n\", word_freq)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a TensorFlow code to normalize a given array.",
            "input": "array = [2, 5, 8, 1, 4]",
            "output": "import tensorflow as tf\n\ndef normalize(arr):\n    arr = tf.cast(arr, tf.float32)\n    min_value = tf.reduce_min(arr)\n    max_value = tf.reduce_max(arr)\n    \n    return (arr - min_value) / (max_value - min_value)\n\nprint(normalize([2, 5, 8, 1, 4])) // [0.  0.5 1.  0.  0.25]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to calculate the sum of the first n Fibonacci numbers.",
            "input": "n = 10",
            "output": "def fibonacci_sum(n):\n    if n==1:\n        return 1\n    if n<=0:\n        return 0\n    n1=1\n    n2=1\n    ans=1 \n    for i in range(1,n):\n        ans=n1+n2\n        n1=n2\n        n2=ans \n    return ans\n\nprint(fibonacci_sum(10)) # 143"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using the list as input, create a Python set object.",
            "input": "list = [1, 2, 3, 4]",
            "output": "list = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nmy_set = set(list)\nprint(my_set) # {1, 2, 3, 4}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Classify a text document that is about dogs into one of the following categories: 'domestic', 'wild', or 'pet'.",
            "input": "Dogs are friendly and loyal animals, and they can be found in many homes as pets.",
            "output": "pet"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL query to list all customers who have a balance due greater than 100 euros.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM customers \nWHERE balance_due > 100;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a regular expression to match any string consisting of digits followed by one or more spaces.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "\\d+\\s+"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Identify which of the following values is not a valid JSON data type: 'undefined'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "undefined"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the following HTML code to include a header with a size of 2.",
            "input": "<p>This is some sample text.</p>",
            "output": "<h2>This is some sample text.</h2>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Perform an inner join on two tables 'Customers' and 'Orders' to find all customers who have placed orders.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT c.*, o.* \nFROM Customers c \nINNER JOIN Orders o \nON c.customer_id = o.customer_id;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a CSS code snippet to make all paragraph text appear in bold.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "p {\n  font-weight: bold;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a new JavaScript object based on the following example.",
            "input": "{\n  \"name\": \"Bob\",\n  \"age\": 22\n}",
            "output": "{\n  \"name\": \"John\",\n  \"age\": 25\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a random character string of length 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "ag3q92!pl2"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an expression in JavaScript to check whether a given number 'x' is between 0 and 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "x > 0 && x < 10"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following Python code to get the sum of all elements in an array.",
            "input": "array = [1, 2, 3, 4]",
            "output": "total = 0\nfor element in array:\n  total += element\nprint(total)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the cross product of two vectors in Python.",
            "input": "u = [2,4,6]\nv = [1,2,3]",
            "output": "def cross_product(u, v):\n    cross = [u[1]*v[2] - u[2]*v[1], u[2]*v[0] - u[0]*v[2], u[0]*v[1] - u[1]*v[0]]\n    return cross"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a program to find a maximum element in an array.",
            "input": "arr = [4, 3, 8, 6, 9, 2]",
            "output": "def findMax(arr):\n    max_ele = 0\n    for i in range(len(arr)): \n        if max_ele < arr[i]: \n            max_ele = arr[i] \n    return max_ele"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a code to find a substring within a given string.",
            "input": "sentence = 'This is a sentence'\nsub_string = 'sent'",
            "output": "def check_substring(sentence, sub_string):\n    if sub_string in sentence:\n        return True\n    else:\n        return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a program to compare the lengths of two strings.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def compare_length(string1, string2):\n    if len(string1) > len(string2):\n        return \"string1 is longer\"\n    elif len(string1) < len(string2):\n        return \"string2 is longer\"\n    else:\n        return \"strings have equal length\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a function to calculate the greatest common divisor of two numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def gcd(a, b): \n    if a == 0 :\n        return b \n    return gcd(b % a, a)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a program to merge two sorted arrays.",
            "input": "arr1 = [4, 8, 10, 15]\narr2 = [3 , 6, 9, 12]",
            "output": "def merge_arrays(arr1, arr2):\n    merged_arr = sorted(arr1 + arr2)\n    return merged_arr"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a function to delete an element at a given index from an array.",
            "input": "arr = [3, 4, 6, 8]\nindex = 2",
            "output": "def delete_elem(arr, index):\n    del arr[index]\n    return arr"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python dictionary that contains information about your favorite movie.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "my_favorite_movie = {\n    \"title\": \"The Godfather\",\n    \"director\": \"Francis Ford Coppola\",\n    \"year\": 1972,\n    \"stars\": [\"Marlon Brando\", \"Al Pacino\", \"Diane Keaton\"]\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Print out the contents of a 2 dimensional array in Java.",
            "input": "int[][] array = {\n{1, 2, 3}, \n{4, 5, 6}, \n{7, 8, 9}\n};",
            "output": "for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {\n  for(int j = 0; j < array[i].length; j++) {\n   System.out.print(array[i][j] + \" \");\n  }\n  System.out.println();\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a HTML page that has a section of two columns and six rows.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n <head> \n  <style> \n   .section {\n    display:flex; \n    flex-direction:row; \n   }\n   .cell {\n    flex: 0 1 50%; \n   } \n  </style> \n </head> \n <body> \n  <div class=\"section\"> \n   <div class=\"cell\"></div> \n   <div class=\"cell\"></div>\n  </div> \n  <div class=\"section\"> \n   <div class=\"cell\"></div> \n   <div class=\"cell\"></div>\n  </div> \n  <div class=\"section\"> \n   <div class=\"cell\"></div> \n   <div class=\"cell\"></div>\n  </div> \n  <div class=\"section\"> \n   <div class=\"cell\"></div> \n   <div class=\"cell\"></div>\n  </div> \n  <div class=\"section\"> \n   <div class=\"cell\"></div> \n   <div class=\"cell\"></div>\n  </div> \n  <div class=\"section\"> \n   <div class=\"cell\"></div> \n   <div class=\"cell\"></div>\n  </div> \n </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using the array provided, calculate the sum of all the elements in the array.",
            "input": "int[] array = {1,2,3,4,5,6};",
            "output": "int sum = 0;\nfor(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {\n    sum += array[i];\n}\nSystem.out.println(sum); // Outputs 21"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an SQL query to select the column 'name' from a table named 'customers' where the city is equal to 'London'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT name FROM customers WHERE city = \u2018London';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a PHP function that determines if a number is between 0 and 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function isNumberBetween0and10($num) {\n  return $num >= 0 && $num <= 10;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an array in Java that holds all the English alphabets.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "char[] alphabets = {'A','B','C','D','E','F','G','H','I','J','K','L','M','N','O','P','Q','R','S','T','U','V','W','X','Y','Z'};"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Output all the prime numbers between 1 and 100, including 100, in Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for n in range(2, 101):\n    for x in range(2, n):\n        if n % x == 0:\n            break\n    else:\n        print(n)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Print out all the duplicates from the given array.",
            "input": "int[] array = {1,2,2,3,4,5,5,6,7};",
            "output": "for(int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {\n    int current = array[i];\n    for(int j = 0; j < array.length; j++) {\n        if(i != j && current == array[j]) {\n            System.out.print(current + \" \");\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n}\n// Outputs 2 5"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compress a given HTML string using Gzip.",
            "input": "var htmlString = \"<html><head></head><body><h1>Hello, World!</h1></body></html>\";",
            "output": "import gzip\n\ncompressedHtmlString = gzip.compress(htmlString.encode())"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function that generates an array of 10 random numbers between 0 and 5.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function generateRandomNumArray() { \n  let randomNumArray = []; \n  while (randomNumArray.length < 10) { \n    let randomNum = Math.floor(Math.random() * 5);  \n    if (randomNumArray.includes(randomNum) == false) { \n      randomNumArray.push(randomNum); \n    } \n  } \n  return randomNumArray; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a C program that prints out the range from 0 to 10 in steps of 0.5.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <stdio.h>\n\nint main() { \n  for (double i = 0; i <= 10; i += 0.5) { \n    printf(\"%.1f\\n\", i);\n  }\n  return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the importance of using proper indentation and syntax in a programming language.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Good indentation and syntax in a programming language is important for making the code easy to read and understand. Using proper indentation an syntax makes the code more organized and easier to maintain. It also helps to prevent errors and makes debugging easier. Additionally, proper indentation and syntax makes the code easier to share and collaborate on with other developers."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C++ program to find the frequency of a given number in an array.",
            "input": "arr = [5,5,5,7,7,2,2,2]\nnumber = 5",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std; \n\nint frequency(int arr[], int n, int x) \n{ \n    int count = 0; \n    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) \n        if (arr[i] == x) \n            count++; \n    return count; \n} \n\nint main(){ \n    int arr[] = { 5, 5, 5, 7, 7, 2, 2, 2}; \n    int x = 5; \n    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); \n    cout << frequency(arr, n, x); \n  \n    return 0; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the difference between an array and linked list.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The primary difference between an array and a linked list is that an array stores data contiguously in memory while a linked list stores data non-contiguously in memory. This means that an array takes up more memory space than a linked list as it has to store the data at consecutive memory locations. However, an array has better cache locality than a linked list, which makes accessing its elements faster. Linked lists, on the other hand, have the advantage of being able to dynamically change its size while arrays need to be declared with a fixed size. Additionally, inserting and deleting elements in a linked list is faster than in an array."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a function to convert a temperature in Celsius to Fahrenheit.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius):\n    return (celsius * (9/5)) + 32"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program that allows a user to input five (5) different words and outputs the words in alphabetical order.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n#include <string>\n#include <algorithm>\nusing namespace std; \n\nint main(){\n    string words[5];\n\n    for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++){\n        cout << \"Enter a word: \";\n        cin >> words[i];\n    }\n    \n    // Sort words in alphabetical order \n    sort(words,words+5); \n  \n    cout << \"The words in alphabetical order are: \" << endl;\n    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { \n        cout << words[i] << endl; \n    } \n    return 0; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the basics of Database Normalization.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Database Normalization is the process of organizing the columns (attributes) and tables (relations) of a relational database to minimize data redundancy and improve data integrity. Normalization typically involves dividing a single table into smaller, related tables and defining relationships between them. This helps avoid data redundancy and ensures that each table stores only the data it needs to store. By following the normalization process, it is possible to create a more efficient, flexible and reliable database."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an algorithm to shuffle elements in an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def shuffle_array(arr):\n    n = len(arr)\n    for i in range(n): \n        j = random.randint(i, n - 1)\n        arr[i], arr[j] = arr[j], arr[i]\n    return arr"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop a function in JavaScript to validate if a given string is a valid email address or not.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function validateEmail(email) {\n    var re = /^(([^<>()\\[\\]\\\\.,;:\\s@\"]+(\\.[^<>()\\[\\]\\\\.,;:\\s@\"]+)*)|(\".+\"))@((\\[[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\.[0-9]{1,3}\\])|(([a-zA-Z\\-0-9]+\\.)+[a-zA-Z]{2,}))$/;\n    return re.test(String(email).toLowerCase());\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the difference between static and dynamic typing in programming languages.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The main difference between static and dynamic typing is how type checking is performed. In static typing, type checking is done at compile time and type errors can be caught before the program is run. In dynamic typing, type checking is done at runtime, so type errors can only be detected when a program is running. Additionally, static typing can provide greater levels of type safety than dynamic typing as the compiler can detect more errors than the runtime environment can."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a code to merge two sorted linked lists into one.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "/* function to merge two sorted linked lists */\nstruct node* SortedMerge(struct node *a,struct node *b)\n{\n    struct node *result = NULL;\n    \n    if (a == NULL)\n        return b;\n    else if (b == NULL)\n        return a;\n        \n    if (a->data <= b->data)\n    {\n        result = a;\n        result->next = SortedMerge(a->next, b);\n    }\n    else\n    {\n        result = b;\n        result->next = SortedMerge(a, b->next);\n    }\n    return result; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript program to remove duplicate elements in an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function removeDuplicates(arr) {\n    let result = [];\n    let map = new Map();\n  \n    for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {\n      if(!map.has(arr[i])){\n        map.set(arr[i], true);\n        result.push(arr[i]);\n      }\n    }\n    return result;\n  }"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate code to create a dictionary in Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "my_dict = {}\nfor key, value in iterable_object:\n    my_dict[key] = value"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Reformat the following code from python to java.",
            "input": "for word in words:\n    word = word.lower()",
            "output": "for (String word : words) {\n    word = word.toLowerCase();\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Print the output of the following Java program.",
            "input": "public class Test {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        int x = 10;\n        int y = 25;\n        int z = x + y;\n        System.out.println(z);\n    }\n}",
            "output": "35"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write the following SQL query",
            "input": "Display the average price of all products",
            "output": "SELECT AVG(price) FROM products;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Describe how memory management works in Python",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Python uses a private heap space for memory management in which all the objects and data are stored. The private heap is used to cater the exclusive needs of the interpreter. This memory space can not be directly accessed by the programmer, instead, the interpreter provides objects and APIs to access the heap. The heap manages the memory internally by pre-allocating certain blocks to accommodate different objects that are created during runtime. It might request the operating system to increase the size of the private heap space if it runs out of memory."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function which takes two numbers as input and returns True if both numbers have the same number of digits.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def compare_digits (x, y):\n    str_x = str(x)\n    str_y = str(y)\n    if len(str_x) == len(str_y):\n        return True\n    else:\n        return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following code to create a list comprehension",
            "input": "my_list = []\nfor x in range(10):\n    my_list.append(x ** 2)",
            "output": "my_list = [x ** 2 for x in range(10)]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a python function which takes a list as input and returns a shuffled version or the list.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import random\n\ndef shuffle_list(input_list):\n    newList = input_list.copy()\n    random.shuffle(newList) \n    return newList"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suggest a data structure to store objects with some different properties.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A dictionary could be used to store objects with some different properties. A dictionary is a data structure that maps keys to values and is particularly useful for storing related data pieces. This data structure allows us to store multiple objects, each object having its own key, and effectively retrieve them by the corresponding key."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write code that seeks the static method with a given name in the specified class.",
            "input": "Class: MyClass\nMethod name: myMethod",
            "output": "methodObject = MyClass.__dict__.get('myMethod')\nif isinstance(methodObject, staticmethod):\n    # do something"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Categorize the following task into one of the following: classification, retrieval, generation, or editing.",
            "input": "Reformat the following code from python to java",
            "output": "Editing"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a function in Python which takes in two lists and returns a list of elements which are present in both the lists.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def intersection_list(list_1, list_2):\n    return [el for el in list_1 if el in list_2]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SELECT query to fetch the first name of all clients from the customers table.",
            "input": "Table Name: customers",
            "output": "SELECT first_name FROM customers;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suggest a python function which takes a number and prints the numbers in increasing order up to that number",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def print_numbers(num):\n    for i in range(1,num+1):\n        print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Overwrite the existing code to take an input of 'text' and detect the language of the text.",
            "input": "text = \"Bonjour tout le monde\"",
            "output": "import langdetect\n\ndef detect_language(text):\n    return langdetect.detect(text)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Python that returns True if the input is a prime number and False otherwise.",
            "input": "input = 18",
            "output": "def is_prime(input): \n    for num in range(2, input): \n        if input % num == 0: \n            return False\n    return True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compute the square of an input number and return the result.",
            "input": "input = 5",
            "output": "def compute_square(input): \n    return input*input"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the sum of all the prime numbers below the input number.",
            "input": "input = 10",
            "output": "def compute_prime_sum(input):\n    prime_sum = 0\n    for num in range(2, input): \n        if is_prime(num): \n            prime_sum += num\n    return prime_sum"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Read the following code and detect any runtime errors in it.",
            "input": "def sum_list(list_data): \n    sum = 0\n    for num in list_data: \n        sum = sum + num\n    return sum",
            "output": "false"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given the input code, identify the type of the input argument 'a'",
            "input": "def print_name(a): \n    print(a)",
            "output": "The type of argument 'a' is unknown. It could be a string, an integer, a float, or any other type."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite the following code so it prints a greeting for a provided name and age.",
            "input": "name = \"John\"\nage = 25",
            "output": "name = \"John\"\nage = 25\n\nprint(\"Hello \" + name + \", you are \" + str(age) + \" years old!\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the existing code to make sure that the input argument is a valid integer.",
            "input": "def divide_by(a, b):\n\treturn a / b",
            "output": "def divide_by(a, b):\n    assert isinstance(a, int) and isinstance(b, int), \"Input arguments must be integers\"\n    return a / b"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the sum of the squares of all numbers in a given list.",
            "input": "list_data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "def calculate_square_sum(list_data):\n    square_sum = 0\n    for num in list_data:\n        square_sum += num*num\n    return square_sum"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Debug the provided code, so that it compiles correctly.",
            "input": "a = 5\nb = 10\nc = a +",
            "output": "a = 5\nb = 10\nc = a + b"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Output the length of a provided string.",
            "input": "string_data = \"Hello, world!\"",
            "output": "len(string_data) # returns the length of the string, in this case 13."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Reverse the order of elements in a provided list",
            "input": "list_data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "list_data[::-1] # returns the list in reverse order: [5, 4, 3, 2, 1]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Print the words that occur more than twice in a given string.",
            "input": "string_data = \"the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog\"",
            "output": "import collections\n\nwords = string_data.split()\nword_counter = collections.Counter(words)\n\nfor word, count in word_counter.items():\n    if count > 2:\n        print(word)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite the following code to create a function that takes an array of integers and find the minimum, maximum, and average of them.",
            "input": "arr = [3, 7, 15, 11, 2, 8]",
            "output": "def find_min_max_avg(arr): \n  min_num = float('inf')\n  max_num = float('-inf')\n  sum = 0\n\n  for num in arr:\n    min_num = min(min_num, num)\n    max_num = max(max_num, num)\n    sum += num\n  \n  avg = sum / len(arr)\n\n  return min_num, max_num, avg"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an array of all even numbers between 0 and 10",
            "input": "",
            "output": "even_numbers = [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort the following array using the Insertion Sort algorithm.",
            "input": "arr = [2, 5, 4, 7, 1]",
            "output": "# Initialize the array\narr = [2, 5, 4, 7, 1]\n\n# Loop through the array\nfor i in range(1,len(arr)): \n    key = arr[i] \n    j = i-1\n    while j >= 0 and key < arr[j] : \n            arr[j + 1] = arr[j] \n            j -= 1\n    arr[j + 1] = key\n\n# Print the sorted array\nprint(arr) # Prints [1, 2, 4, 5, 7]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an appropriate SQL query to select all customers with a last name starting with \"A\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE last_name LIKE 'A%';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Replace the following line of Java code using a ternary expression",
            "input": "int x = (a > b) ? a : b;",
            "output": "int x = a > b ? a : b;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML page given a logo and some text.",
            "input": "Logo: <img src=\"example_logo.png\">\nText: Hello, world!",
            "output": "<html>\n  <head>\n    <title>Example Page</title>\n  </head>\n  <body>\n    <div>\n      <img src=\"example_logo.png\" alt=\"Example Logo\" />\n    </div>\n    <div>Hello, world!</div>\n  </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a random string of characters and digits.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "34HMP0fQF"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a regular expression for a valid email address.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "^[A-Za-z0-9._\n\\-+]+@[a-zA-Z0-9._-]+\\.[a-zA-Z]+$"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript object literal containing properties and values.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let person = {\n  name: \"John Doe\",\n  age: 30,\n  city: \"New York\",\n  job: \"Developer\"\n};"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a single SQL query that retrieves all the data from customers who live in the USA and have a city of \"Chicago\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE country = 'USA' AND city = 'Chicago';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to download the HTML of any webpage.",
            "input": "'www.example.com'",
            "output": "import requests\n\n# Get the HTML of the given website\nurl = 'www.example.com'\nresponse = requests.get(url)\nhtml = response.text\n\nprint(html)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to decrypt a password encrypted with AES-256.",
            "input": "enc_password = \"IH6noKXV7kU6S5BS6LTYMOSoIz15gyKx\"",
            "output": "import base64\n\nfrom cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend\nfrom cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import (\n    Cipher, algorithms, modes\n)\n\n# Encrypted Password\nencrypted_password = \"IH6noKXV7kU6S5BS6LTYMOSoIz15gyKx\"\n\n# Decode the Base64 data\ndecoded_data = base64.b64decode(encrypted_password)\n\n# Separate the 16-byte initialization vector and encrypted data\n# This is based on how it was formatted when encrypted\ninit_vector = decoded_data[:16]\nencrypted_data = decoded_data[16:]\n\n# Initialize the Cipher object\nbackend = default_backend()\ncipher = Cipher(algorithms.AES(KEY), modes.CBC(init_vector), backend=backend)\n\n# Decrypt the message\ndecryptor = cipher.decryptor()\ndecrypted_data = decryptor.update(encrypted_data) + decryptor.finalize()\n\n# Extract the decrypted password from result\ndecrypted_password = decrypted_data.decode('utf-8')\nprint(f\"The decrypted password is {decrypted_password}\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Complete a function that compares two strings and returns True if they are equal and False otherwise.",
            "input": "string1 = \"Hello World!\"\nstring2 = \"Hello World!\"",
            "output": "def compare_strings(string1, string2):\n if string1 == string2:\n     return True\n else:\n     return False\n      \n    \ncompare_strings(string1, string2) #returns True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Define a function that takes in 2 parameters and returns the larger of them.",
            "input": "num1 = 3\nnum2 = 5",
            "output": "def get_max(num1, num2):\n    if num1 > num2:\n        return num1\n    else:\n        return num2\n    \n    \nget_max(num1, num2) #returns 5"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to find the average of a given list of numbers without using the built-in sum function.",
            "input": "numbers = [5, 10, 15, 20]",
            "output": "def average(numbers):\n    total = 0\n    for number in numbers:\n        total += number\n\n    return total / len(numbers)\n\naverage(numbers) #returns 12.5"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes a string and returns the same string in reversed order.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def reverse_string(string):\n    # Convert the string to a list\n    char_list = list(string) \n  \n    # Reverse the list \n    char_list.reverse() \n  \n    # Convert the list to string \n    reversed_string = ''.join(char_list) \n  \n    return reversed_string \n\nreverse_string(\"Hello World!\") #returns \"!dlroW olleH\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort an array containing integers in ascending order using the selection sort algorithm.",
            "input": "unsorted_array = [3, 57, 12, 6, 0]",
            "output": "def selection_sort(arr):\n    # Iterate through the array\n    for i in range(len(arr)):\n        # Set the first element as the minimum\n        min_index = i \n        \n        # Iterate through the remaining elements \n        for j in range(i + 1, len(arr)):\n            # If a smaller element is found, set it as the minimum\n            if arr[j] < arr[min_index]:\n                min_index = j\n        # Swap the elements\n        arr[i], arr[min_index] = arr[min_index], arr[i]\n \n    return arr\n\nselection_sort(unsorted_array) #returns [0, 3, 6, 12, 57]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program in C# that adds two numbers and prints the total.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class Numbers\n{\n    public static void Main(){\n        int num1 = 10; \n        int num2 = 20; \n  \n        System.Console.WriteLine(\"{0} + {1} = {2}\", num1, num2, num1 + num2); \n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the area of a given triangle using Heron's formula.",
            "input": "side1 = 3\nside2 = 4\nside3 = 5",
            "output": "def calculate_area_heron(side1, side2, side3):\n    # Calculate the semi-perimeter of the triangle \n    s = (side1 + side2 + side3) / 2\n    \n    # Calculate the area using Heron's formula \n    area = (s * (s - side1) * (s - side2) * (s - side3)) ** 0.5\n    \n    return area\n\ncalculate_area_heron(side1, side2, side3) #returns 6"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a web scraper using Python to extract the title of all webpages from the given website.",
            "input": "website = 'www.example.com'",
            "output": "import requests\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n\n# Get the HTML of the website\nresponse = requests.get(website)\nhtml = response.text\n\n# Initialize the Beautiful Soup\nsoup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')\n\n# Extract the title of all webpages\ntitles = []\nfor page in soup.find_all('a'):\n    titles.append(page.text)\n\nprint(titles)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Replace all the given placeholders in the string with their actual values.",
            "input": "string = 'This is a {placeholder1} and that is a {placeholder2}.'\nplaceholder1 = 'cat'\nplaceholder2 = 'dog'",
            "output": "# Convert the string to a list\nstring_list = string.split()\n\n# Replace the placeholders with their values\nstring_list = [word.replace('{placeholder1}', placeholder1) for word in string_list]\nstring_list = [word.replace('{placeholder2}', placeholder2) for word in string_list]\n\n# Convert the list back to a string\nupdated_string = ' '.join(string_list)\n\nprint(updated_string) #returns \"This is a cat and that is a dog.\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Build a regular expression to validate an email address.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import re\n\n# Regular expression to validate an email address\nemail_regex = re.compile(r\"(^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$)\")\n\n# Test it\nstring = 'example@gmail.com'\nmatched = email_regex.match(string)\n\nif matched:\n    print('Email address is valid')\nelse:\n    print('Email address is invalid')"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to convert a given string of digits into its corresponding English word representation.",
            "input": "string = \"12345\"",
            "output": "# Create a list mapping the digits to the corresponding word\nword_list = ['zero', 'one', 'two', 'three', 'four', 'five', 'six', 'seven', 'eight', 'nine']\n\n# Iterate through the digits in the string and find their corresponding words\nwords = []\nfor digit in string:\n    words.append(word_list[int(digit)])\n\n# Join the words to form a sentence and print the result\nenglish_representation = ' '.join(words)\n\nprint(english_representation) #returns \"one two three four five\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Read the following code and identify N number of functions.",
            "input": "def add_numbers(x,y): # Add two numbers\n    return x + y\n \ndef subtract_numbers(x,y): # Subtract two numbers\n    return x - y\n \ndef multiply_numbers(x,y): # Multiply two numbers\n    return x * y\n \ndef divide_numbers(x,y): # Divide two numbers\n    return x / y",
            "output": "There are 4 functions in the given code: add_numbers(), subtract_numbers(), multiply_numbers(), and divide_numbers()."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Please modify the following code to add a square root function",
            "input": "def add_numbers(x,y): # Add two numbers\n    return x + y\n \ndef subtract_numbers(x,y): # Subtract two numbers\n    return x - y\n \ndef multiply_numbers(x,y): # Multiply two numbers\n    return x * y\n \ndef divide_numbers(x,y): # Divide two numbers\n    return x / y",
            "output": "def add_numbers(x,y): # Add two numbers\n    return x + y\n \ndef subtract_numbers(x,y): # Subtract two numbers\n    return x - y\n \ndef multiply_numbers(x,y): # Multiply two numbers\n    return x * y\n \ndef divide_numbers(x,y): # Divide two numbers\n    return x / y\n    \ndef sqrt_number(x): # Square root a number\n    return x**0.5"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Classify the following code as either looping or function.",
            "input": "if num > 0:\n    print(\"positive\")\nelif num < 0:\n    print(\"negative\")\nelse:\n    print(\"zero\")",
            "output": "This code is a condition or an if-else statement, and not a looping or function."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript program that takes a number, n, and prints the first n Fibonacci numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let n = prompt(\"Enter a number\");\n\nlet fibonacciNums = [0, 1];\n\nfor (let i = 1; i < n; i++) {\n    let next = fibonacciNums[i] + fibonacciNums[i - 1]; \n    fibonacciNums.push(next);\n}\n\nconsole.log(fibonacciNums);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Read the following code and convert it into a function.",
            "input": "arr = [13, 10, 5, 25, 12, 8]\n\nfor (let i = 0; i < arr.length) {\n    if (arr[i] % 2 === 0) {\n        console.log(arr[i]);\n    }\n}",
            "output": "def print_even_numbers(arr):\n    for i in range(len(arr)):\n        if arr[i] % 2 == 0:\n            print(arr[i])"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Read the following code and identify the language.",
            "input": "class Rectangle{\nint length;\nint breadth;\n\npublic int area(){\nreturn length*breadth;\n}\n\npublic void setDimension(int l,int b){\nthis.length=l;\nthis.breadth=b;\n}\n}",
            "output": "This code is written in Java."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Python to calculate the median of an array of numbers.",
            "input": "[7, 12, 5, 18, 2, 9]",
            "output": "def calculate_median(arr):\n    arr.sort()\n    if len(arr) % 2 == 0:\n        return (arr[len(arr)//2] + arr[len(arr)//2 - 1]) / 2\n    else:\n        return arr[len(arr) // 2]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a snippet of Python code that prints a formatted string of the following sentence: \"Hello, I am a coder.\"",
            "input": "",
            "output": "print(\"Hello, I am a coder.\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the following code to make it print each element separately.",
            "input": "arr = [2, 3, 7, 5, 10]\n\nfor i in range(len(arr)):\n    print(arr)",
            "output": "arr = [2, 3, 7, 5, 10]\n\nfor i in range(len(arr)):\n    print(arr[i])"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript program that reads a sentence from the user and then counts the number of words in it.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let sentence = prompt(\"Enter a sentence: \");\nlet words = sentence.split(\" \");\n\nconsole.log(`There are ${words.length} words in the sentence.`);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Read the following code and identify whether it is an imperative programming language or a declarative programming language.",
            "input": "def sqrt_number(x): # Square root a number\n    return x**0.5",
            "output": "This code is written in a imperative programming language."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Read the following code and determine how many variables does this code contains?",
            "input": "a = 5\nb = 10\nc = 20\n\nd = a + b * c\n\ne = d + a",
            "output": "This code contains 5 variables: a, b, c, d, and e."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C++ program for finding the maximum element in an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n#include <algorithm>\n\nint findMax(int arr[], int n){\n    int max = arr[0];\n    for(int i=1; i<n; i++){\n        if(arr[i] > max){\n            max = arr[i];\n        }\n    }\n    return max;\n}\n\nint main(){\n    int arr[] = {12, 6, 19, 5, 17};\n    int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);\n    std::cout << findMax(arr, n) << std::endl;\n    return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Read the given code and output the logical result.",
            "input": "x = 5\ny = 10\n\nif x > y:\n    print(\"X is greater than Y\")\nelif y > x:\n    print(\"Y is greater than X\")\nelse:\n    print(\"X is equal to Y\")",
            "output": "Y is greater than X"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code that takes a string as an input and creates a list of all the words in the string.",
            "input": "input_string = \"This is a example sentence with different words\"",
            "output": "\"\"\"Write a code that takes a string as an input and creates a list of all the words in the string.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef get_words(input_string):\n    words_list = input_string.split()\n    return words_list\n       \nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    input_string = \"This is a example sentence with different words\"\n    words_list = get_words(input_string)\n    print(words_list)\n\n# Output: ['This', 'is', 'a', 'example', 'sentence', 'with', 'different', 'words']"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code that takes two integers as inputs and returns the greatest common divisor (GCD) of the two.",
            "input": "num1 = 24\nnum2 = 54",
            "output": "\"\"\"Write a code that takes two integers as inputs and returns the greatest common divisor (GCD) of the two. \n\"\"\"\n\ndef gcd(num1, num2):  \n    while(num2): \n        num1, num2 = num2, num1 % num2\n          \n    return num1\n    \nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    num1 = 24\n    num2 = 54\n    gcd_val = gcd(num1, num2)\n    print(f\"GCD of {num1} and {num2} is {gcd_val}\")\n\n# Output: GCD of 24 and 54 is 6"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Look at the code, identify the bug and fix it.",
            "input": "def productofnumbers(list):\n    \"\"\"Find product of all numbers in the list\"\"\"\n    product = 1\n    for i in list:\n        product = product*list[i]\n    print (product)",
            "output": "\"\"\"Look at the code, identify the bug and fix it.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef productofnumbers(list):\n    \"\"\"Find product of all numbers in the list\"\"\"\n    product = 1\n    for i in list:\n        product = product * i\n    print (product)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Reverse the order of the list in-place",
            "input": "my_list = [1,2,3,4]",
            "output": "\"\"\"Reverse the order of the list in-place\n\"\"\"\n\ndef reverse_list(my_list):\n    n = len(my_list)\n    for i in range(n//2):\n        my_list[i], my_list[n-i-1] = my_list[n-i-1], my_list[i]\n        \n    return my_list\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    my_list = [1,2,3,4]\n    reversed_list = reverse_list(my_list)\n    print(reversed_list)\n\n# Output: [4, 3, 2, 1]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code that takes an int input and returns the sum of its digits.",
            "input": "num = 123456",
            "output": "\"\"\"Write a code that takes an int input and returns the sum of its digits.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef sum_digits(num):\n    total = 0\n    num_str = str(num)\n    for i in num_str:\n        total += int(i)\n    \n    return total\n    \nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    num = 123456\n    sum_val = sum_digits(num)\n    print(sum_val)\n    \n# Output: 21"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code that takes a string and replaces all vowels with '*'.",
            "input": "input_string = \"Hello world\"",
            "output": "\"\"\"Write a code that takes a string and replaces all vowels with '*'.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef replace_vowels(input_string):\n    vowels = ['a','e','i','o','u']\n    out_string = \"\"\n    \n    for char in input_string:\n        if char.lower() in vowels:\n            out_string += \"*\"\n        else:\n            out_string += char\n            \n    return out_string\n        \nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    input_string = \"Hello world\"\n    output_string = replace_vowels(input_string)\n    print(output_string)\n\n# Output: H*ll* w*rld"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code that takes a list of strings as an input and returns a new list with all the elements in reversed order.",
            "input": "my_list = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'durian']",
            "output": "\"\"\"Write a code that takes a list of strings as an input and returns a new list with all the elements in reversed order. \n\"\"\"\n\ndef reverse_list(my_list):\n    new_list = []\n    for x in my_list[::-1]:\n        new_list.append(x)\n        \n    return new_list\n    \nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    my_list = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'durian']\n    reversed_list = reverse_list(my_list)\n    print(reversed_list)\n\n# Output: ['durian', 'cherry', 'banana', 'apple']"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code that takes a list of numbers as an input and returns the sum of all the numbers.",
            "input": "my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "\"\"\"Write a code that takes a list of numbers as an input and returns the sum of all the numbers.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef sum_list(my_list):\n    total = 0\n    for x in my_list:\n        total += x\n        \n    return total\n    \nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n    sum_val = sum_list(my_list)\n    print(sum_val)\n\n# Output: 15"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code that takes two strings as input and returns true if one is a permutation of the other.",
            "input": "str1 = 'dog'\nstr2 = 'god'",
            "output": "\"\"\"Write a code that takes two strings as input and returns true if one is a permutation of the other. \n\"\"\"\n\ndef check_permutation(str1, str2):\n    if not (len(str1) == len(str2)):\n        return False\n    \n    str1_dict = {}\n    for char in str1:\n        str1_dict[char] = str1_dict.get(char, 0) + 1\n        \n    str2_dict = {}\n    for char in str2:\n        str2_dict[char] = str2_dict.get(char, 0) + 1\n        \n    if str1_dict == str2_dict:\n        return True\n    else: \n        return False\n    \nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    str1 = 'dog'\n    str2 = 'god'\n    result = check_permutation(str1, str2)\n    print(result)\n\n# Output: True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code that takes an int as an input and returns true if the int is a prime number, otherwise false.",
            "input": "num = 17",
            "output": "\"\"\"Write a code that takes an int as an input and returns true if the int is a prime number, otherwise false.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef is_prime(num):\n    if num > 1:\n        for i in range(2,num):\n            if num % i == 0:\n                return False\n        else:\n            return True\n    else:\n        return False\n        \nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    num = 17\n    result = is_prime(num)\n    print(result)\n\n# Output: True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code that takes a string and returns the index of the first non-repeated character.",
            "input": "input_string = \"teeter\"",
            "output": "\"\"\"Write a code that takes a string and returns the index of the first non-repeated character.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef first_non_repeated(input_string):\n    count_dict = {} \n    for char in input_string:\n        count_dict[char] = count_dict.get(char, 0) + 1\n    \n    for index, char in enumerate(input_string):  \n        if count_dict[char] == 1:  \n            return index   \n     \n    return -1\n    \nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    input_string = \"teeter\"\n    index = first_non_repeated(input_string)\n    print(index)\n\n# Output: 4"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a class in Java for inserting an element into a Binary Search Tree.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class BST { \n  \n    /* Class containing left and right child of current node and key value*/\n    class Node { \n        int key; \n        Node left, right; \n  \n        public Node(int item) { \n            key = item; \n            left = right = null; \n        } \n    } \n  \n    // Root of BST \n    Node root; \n \n    // Constructor \n    BST() {  \n        root = null;  \n    } \n \n    // This method mainly calls insertRec() \n    void insert(int key) { \n       root = insertRec(root, key); \n    } \n      \n    // A recursive function to insert a new key in BST \n    Node insertRec(Node root, int key) { \n  \n        // If the tree is empty, return a new Node\n        if (root == null) { \n            root = new Node(key); \n            return root; \n        } \n  \n        // Otherwise, recur down the tree and add the new Node\n        if (key < root.key) \n            root.left = insertRec(root.left, key); \n        else if (key > root.key) \n            root.right = insertRec(root.right, key); \n  \n        // return the root node \n        return root; \n    } \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Read an input from the user in C and return the string length.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <stdio.h> \n#include<string.h>\n \nint main() \n{ \n    char str[100];\n      \n    printf(\"Enter a string\\n\"); \n    scanf(\"%[^\\n]s\",str);\n  \n    int length = strlen(str);\n    printf(\"The length of the given string is %d\\n\", length); \n  \n    return 0; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using Excel VBA, create a macro for summing up the 5 adjacent cells in column B.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Sub AdjSum()\n\n'Defining cell ranges\nDim c1 As Range\nDim c2 As Range\nDim c3 As Range\nDim c4 As Range\nDim c5 As Range\n\nSet c1 = ActiveCell\nSet c2 = ActiveCell.Offset(0, 1)\nSet c3 = ActiveCell.Offset(0, 2)\nSet c4 = ActiveCell.Offset(0, 3)\nSet c5 = ActiveCell.Offset(0, 4)\n\n'Summing values\nActiveCell.Value = c1.Value + c2.Value + c3.Value _\n + c4.Value + c5.Value\n\nEnd Sub"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the code below to print out the second highest, third highest and the fourth highest scores from a dataset.",
            "input": "#include<iostream> \n#include <algorithm>\nusing namespace std; \n\nint main() \n{ \n    int scores[] = {90,70,85,50,60,95,77,41,62,81};",
            "output": "#include<iostream> \n#include <algorithm>\nusing namespace std; \n\nint main() \n{ \n    int scores[] = {90,70,85,50,60,95,77,41,62,81}; \n\n    // Sort the array \n    sort(scores, scores+10); \n    \n    // Print the second highest score\n    cout << \"Second highest score: \" << scores[8] << endl;  \n    \n    // Print the third highest score\n    cout << \"Third highest score: \" << scores[7] << endl;\n    \n    // Print the fourth highest score\n    cout << \"Fourth highest score: \" << scores[6] << endl;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a command line script in Python to take a string as input and convert it to upper case.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "# Import the library\nimport sys\n\n# Take string as input\ninput_string = sys.argv[1]\n\n# Print the upper case string\nprint(input_string.upper())"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using HTML and JavaScript, write a script to display the current date in the format \"Monday, June 15th\"",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n  <head>\n  <title>Displaying Date</title>\n  \n  <script type=\"text/javascript\">\n    function getDate() \n    {\n       var d = new Date();\n       var month = [\"January\", \"February\", \"March\", \"April\", \"May\", \"June\", \"July\", \"August\", \"September\", \"October\", \"November\", \"December\"];\n \n       var day = d.getDate();\n       var sup = \"\";\n       if (day == 1 || day == 21 || day ==31)\n         {\n           sup = \"st\";\n         }\n       else if (day == 2 || day == 22)\n         {\n           sup = \"nd\";\n         }\n       else if (day == 3 || day == 23)\n         {\n           sup = \"rd\";\n         }\n       else\n         {\n           sup = \"th\";\n         }\n       \n       alert(\"Today is \" + d.getDay() + \" \" + month[d.getMonth()] + \" \" + day + sup);\n    }\n  </script>\n  </head>\n<body> \n  <input type=\"button\" onclick=\"getDate()\" value=\"Click Me to Get the Date\">\n</body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to check if an integer is odd or even.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function isEven(num) {\n  // If the input is divided by two and the remainder is 0, then the number is even\n  return num % 2 === 0;\n}\n\nfunction isOdd(num) {\n  // If the input divided by two and the remainder is not 0, then the number is odd \n  return num % 2 !== 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a MySQL statement to find the top 5 earners from a given table.",
            "input": "Table name: earnings\nColumns: name (varchar), earning (double)",
            "output": "SELECT name, earning \nFROM earnings \nORDER BY earning DESC \nLIMIT 5;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to print the length of the longest string in a given column.",
            "input": "Table name: strings\nColumns: mystrings (varchar)",
            "output": "SELECT MAX(LENGTH(mystrings))\nFROM strings;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design an algorithm to return the top-k most frequent characters in a given input string.",
            "input": "Input string: \"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog\"\nK: 2",
            "output": "1. Initialize an empty map<Character, Integer> for storing the frequencies of characters. \n2. Iterate through the given string, and for each character found, check if the map contains the character. \n3. If present, increment the frequency by 1; else, add the character and set the frequency to 1.\n4. Create a min heap of size k, and add the pairs of characters and frequencies from the map to the heap.\n5. Compare each pair (character, frequency) in the map with the pairs already in the heap.\n6. If the frequency of the character in the map is greater than the frequency of the smallest element in the heap, then insert the (character, frequency) pair into the heap and remove the smallest element.\n7. After processing the entire string, return the top-k elements in the heap."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design an algorithm to reverse a given string.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "1. Initialize an empty string to store the reversed string\n2. Iterate through the given string from end to start\n3. For each character encountered, concatenate the encountered character to the empty string \n4. After the end of the string is reached, the reversed string will be stored in the empty string\n5. Return the reversed string"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a data structure to store and update a set of items with their corresponding weights.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "// Create a Map to store the items with associated weights\nMap<String, Integer> itemWeight = new HashMap<>();\n\n// Method to insert an item and its weight in the map\npublic void insert(String item, int weight) {\n    itemWeight.put(item, weight);\n}\n\n// Method to update the weight of an item\npublic void updateWeight(String item, int newWeight) {\n    itemWeight.put(item, newWeight);\n}\n\n// Method to remove an item from the map\npublic void delete(String item) {\n    itemWeight.remove(item);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes two lists and returns a new list containing the element-wise sum of the two lists.",
            "input": "list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [4, 5, 6]",
            "output": "def sum_list(list_a, list_b):\n    return [a + b for a, b in zip(list_a, list_b)]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given two strings, create a function that returns the number of common characters in both strings.",
            "input": "string1 = \"abcdef\"\nstring2 = \"aaaabbbbcc\"",
            "output": "def common_chars_count(string1, string2): \n    return len(set(string1).intersection(set(string2)))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes an array as input and prints out the distinct integers in the array.",
            "input": "array = [1, 5, 4, 1, 8, 5, 6]",
            "output": "def distinct_integers(array):\n  distinct_integers = []\n  seen = set()\n\n  for num in array: \n    if num not in seen:\n      distinct_integers.append(num)\n      seen.add(num)\n\n  return distinct_integers"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes in a list of numbers, and sorts them in ascending order.",
            "input": "list_nums = [7, 3, 4, 9, 1]",
            "output": "def sort_ascending(list_nums): \n    return sorted(list_nums)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function that takes a string as an argument and counts the number of occurrences of each character in the string.",
            "input": "string = \"Hello world!\"",
            "output": "def count_characters(string):\n    char_count_dict = {}\n\n    for char in string: \n        if char in char_count_dict: \n            char_count_dict[char] += 1\n        else: \n            char_count_dict[char] = 1\n            \n    return char_count_dict"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes a string and checks if the string is a palindrome (a string that reads the same forwards and backwards).",
            "input": "string = \"racecar\"",
            "output": "def is_palindrome(string):\n    return string == string[::-1]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes a 2D array of numbers and returns the sum of the elements in each row.",
            "input": "array = [[1, 2, 3],\n         [4, 5, 6],\n         [7, 8, 9]]",
            "output": "def sum_row_elements(array):\n    sums = []\n    for row in array: \n        row_sum = 0\n        for col in row: \n            row_sum += col\n        sums.append(row_sum)\n    return sums"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a CSS selector that selects all divs with a class of \"highlighted\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "div.highlighted { /* css styles */ }"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes two strings as arguments and returns the number of characters in common between the two strings.",
            "input": "string1 = \"Hello world\"\nstring2 = \"Goodbye world\"",
            "output": "def common_characters_count(string1, string2):\n    s1_chars = set(string1)\n    s2_chars = set(string2)\n\n    return len(s1_chars.intersection(s2_chars))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate an HTML table with three columns and five rows, where each cell contains the cell number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<table>\n <tr>\n  <td>1</td>\n  <td>2</td>\n  <td>3</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n  <td>4</td>\n  <td>5</td>\n  <td>6</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n  <td>7</td>\n  <td>8</td>\n  <td>9</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n  <td>10</td>\n  <td>11</td>\n  <td>12</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n  <td>13</td>\n  <td>14</td>\n  <td>15</td>\n </tr>\n</table>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes two strings as arguments and returns the number of instances of the first string within the second string.",
            "input": "text = \"Hello world!\"\nstring = \"o\"",
            "output": "def count_string_occurrences(text, string):\n    return text.count(string)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compile & Run the following C code.",
            "input": "#include <stdio.h>\n\nint main()\n{\n    printf(\"Hello, World!\");\n    return 0;\n}",
            "output": "Hello, World!"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain what a `while` loop does in Java.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A while loop in Java is a control flow statement which allows code to be executed repeatedly based on a given condition. The condition is evaluated before executing the loop code. If the condition is true, the code inside the while loop will be executed, after which the condition is reevaluated. If the condition is false, the loop is terminated. This type of loop is used when we don't know the number of times a task may be executed beforehand."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the following list of grades into percentages.",
            "input": "A, B, C, D, E",
            "output": "A = 90-100%\nB = 80-89%\nC = 70-79%\nD = 60-69%\nE = 0-59%"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to reverse a string in JavaScript.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function reverseString(str) {\n  let reversedStr = '';\n  for (let character of str) {\n    reversedStr = character + reversedStr;\n  }\n  return reversedStr;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use this sample SQL query to retrieve the latest 3 orders from table `Orders`:",
            "input": "SELECT * FROM Orders ORDER BY OrderDate DESC LIMIT 3",
            "output": "This query will return the 3 most recent orders from the Orders table, sorted in descending order."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Java program that prints the first 10 numbers of the Fibonacci sequences.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class Fibonacci { \n \n    static int fib(int n) \n    { \n    if (n <= 1) \n       return n; \n    return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2); \n    } \n       \n    public static void main (String args[]) \n    { \n    int n = 10; \n    System.out.println(fib(n)); \n    } \n} \n\n// Output: 55"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in JavaScript to calculate the area of a circle by giving the radius.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function calculateArea(radius) {\n return Math.PI * (radius * radius);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL query to find the total quantity of items in each order in the 100 most recent orders.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT o.id, SUM(i.quantity) as total_quantity\nFROM orders o\nINNER JOIN order_items i \n    ON o.id = i.order_id\nGROUP BY o.id\nORDER BY o.id DESC\nLIMIT 100;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the following hexadecimal values to decimal.",
            "input": "0x1F, 0xFF",
            "output": "0x1F = 31\n0xFF = 255"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript function that returns the maximum number in a given array.",
            "input": "[3,1,5,6,2,7,4]",
            "output": "function getMax(arr) {\n  let max = arr[0];\n  arr.forEach((num) => {\n    max = num > max ? num : max;\n  });\n  return max;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the output of the following SQL query?",
            "input": "SELECT id, name, age, \n  CASE WHEN age < 18 \n  THEN 'Minor' ELSE 'Major' END as age_group\nFROM users",
            "output": "This query will return the id, name, and age columns from the users table, along with an age_group column, which will contain the value 'Minor' if the user's age is below 18, and 'Major' otherwise."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to determine a number is prime or not.",
            "input": "13",
            "output": "\"\"\"\n\n// Function to check if a number n is prime or not \nbool isPrime(int n) \n{  \n    // Iterate from 2 to n-1  \n    for (int i=2; i <=(n - 1); i++) \n    { \n        if (n % i == 0) \n            return false; \n    } \n    return true; \n} \n\"\"\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Give the logical expression for x OR y",
            "input": "",
            "output": "x or y"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a Java method to determine the type of a fraction.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static int getFractionType(int numerator, int denominator) {\n    if ( numerator == denominator ) return 0; // 0 for zero\n    else if ( numerator < denominator ) return 1; // 1 for proper\n    else return 2; // 2 for improper\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Describe what an algorithm is",
            "input": "",
            "output": "An algorithm is a set of instructions or steps for the purpose of solving a problem or achieving a desired result. It can be written in any language, for example, a programming language such as Python or Java, and its steps can range from performing mathematical computations to manipulating data or resources. Algorithms are used in various fields, such as science and engineering."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite the following Python code to use while loop",
            "input": "for i in range(5):\n    print(i)",
            "output": "i = 0\nwhile i < 5:\n    print(i)\n    i += 1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a JavaScript method to determine the maximum value in a given array.",
            "input": "[3, 4, 5, 6, 7]",
            "output": "function findMax(arr) {\n   let maxVal = arr[0];\n   for (let i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {\n      if (arr[i] > maxVal) {\n         maxVal = arr[i];\n      }\n   }\n   return maxVal;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function that converts days to weeks and days.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def days_to_weeks_days(days):\n    weeks = days // 7\n    remainder = days % 7\n    return (weeks, remainder)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python program to print the first n Fibonacci numbers",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def fibonacci(n):\n    a, b = 0, 1\n    for i in range(n):\n        print(a)\n        a, b = b, a + b"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement an algorithm to check if two strings are anagrams",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def is_anagram(str1, str2):\n    # remove whitespaces and convert strings to lowercase\n    str1 = str1.replace(\" \", \"\").lower()\n    str2 = str2.replace(\" \", \"\").lower()\n    \n    # return False if length of strings are not equal\n    if len(str1) != len(str2):\n        return False\n    \n    # create a dictionary of letters and their frequencies\n    count = dict()\n    for i in str1:\n        if i in count:\n            count[i] += 1\n        else:\n            count[i] = 1\n    \n    # decrement the frequency of each letter in the second string\n    for i in str2:\n        if i in count:\n            count[i] -= 1\n        else:\n            count[i] = 1\n   \n    # if count is all 0 then the two strings are anagrams\n    if all(value == 0 for value in count.values()):\n        return True\n    \n    return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Describe the Divide and Conquer algorithm",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Divide and Conquer is an algorithmic technique used to solve problems by breaking them into sub-problems, solving those sub-problems, and combining their solutions into the general answer. It works by breaking down a problem into two or more sub-problems of the same or related type, solving each sub-problem, and recursively recombining the results."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to find the average salary of employees",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT AVG(salary) FROM employees;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a JavaScript function to calculate the square root of a number",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function sqrt(x) {\n    let root = 1.0;\n    for (let i = 0; i < 10; i++) {\n        root = 0.5 * (root + (x / root));\n    }\n    return root;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program in Python to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit.",
            "input": "100 Celsius",
            "output": "def celsius_to_fahrenheit(celsius): \n  fahrenheit = (celsius * 9/5) + 32\n  return fahrenheit\n\nfahrenheit = celsius_to_fahrenheit(100)\nprint(\"100 Celsius is {0} Fahrenheit\".format(fahrenheit))  # Output: \"100 Celsius is 212 Fahrenheit\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Node.js web server that responds to all requests with the text \"Hello world\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "const http = require('http');\n\nconst server = http.createServer((request, response) => {\n  if (request.method === 'GET') {\n    response.end('Hello world');\n  }\n});\n\nserver.listen('8080'); // The web server is now listening on port 8080"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program in C# to determine whether a given string is a palindrome.",
            "input": "\"racecar\"",
            "output": "public static bool IsPalindrome(string str) \n{ \n    int n = str.Length; \n  \n    // loop from one end to the other \n    for (int i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) \n    { \n        if (str[i] != str[n - i - 1]) \n            return false; \n    } \n  \n    return true; \n}\n\nbool isPalindrome = IsPalindrome(\"racecar\");\nConsole.WriteLine($\"The string is a palindrome? {isPalindrome}\");  // Output: The string is a palindrome? true"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Bash script to make a directory named 'test'",
            "input": "",
            "output": "mkdir test"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a HTML table with 2 columns with the following data:",
            "input": "First Name | Last Name \nJohn | Doe \nJane | Doe",
            "output": "<table>\n  <tr>\n    <th>First Name</th>\n    <th>Last Name</th>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>John</td>\n    <td>Doe</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Jane</td>\n    <td>Doe</td>\n  </tr>\n</table>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an algorithm in pseudocode to print the numbers from 1 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "# initialise number to 1\nnumber <- 1\n\n# loop until number is greater than 10\nwhile number <= 10 do\n  # Print the number\n  print number\n  # Increment number by 1\n  number <- number + 1\nend while"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program in Rust to generate a random number between 1 and 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "use rand::{thread_rng, Rng};\n\nfn main() {\n  let mut rng = thread_rng();\n\n  let random_number = rng.gen_range(1, 11);\n\n  println!(\"Random number between 1 and 10: {}\", random_number);  // Output: \"Random number between 1 and 10: 7\"\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a query in MySQL to list all rows from the table 'students' sorted by descending order of city.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM students ORDER BY city DESC;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following HTML page to contain two headings, 'Welcome to my website' and 'About Us'.",
            "input": "<html>\n</html>",
            "output": "<html>\n  <head>\n    <title>Welcome to my Website</title>\n  </head>\n  <body>\n    <h1>Welcome to my Website</h1>\n    <h2>About Us</h2>\n  </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a regular expression to match a U.S. Social Security number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "regex = r\"^(?!000)([0-6]\\d{2}|7([0-6]\\d|7[012]))([ -]?)(?!00)\\d\\d\\3(?!0000)\\d{4}$\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the complexity of a binary search?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The complexity of binary search is O(log n)."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Add a comment to the following code.",
            "input": "def do_something(input):\n    result = input + 1",
            "output": "# This function takes an input and adds 1 to it, returning the resulting value as the result. \ndef do_something(input):\n    result = input + 1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to calculate the sum of elements in a list.",
            "input": "nums = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "# Calculate the sum of elements in a list\ndef sum_list(nums):\n    result = 0\n    for num in nums:\n        result += num\n    return result\n\nsum_result = sum_list(nums)\nprint(sum_result)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the difference between breadth-first search and depth-first search?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The main difference between breadth-first search and depth-first search is the order in which nodes are visited. Breadth-first search visits all the nodes on the same level before going deeper into the graph, while depth-first search starts at the root and explores each branch as deeply as possible before backtracking and visiting other nodes. Breadth-first search is generally better for finding the shortest path, while depth-first search can be faster but may not find the optimal solution."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the sum of all the values in a nested dictionary.\nData: \ndata = {\n    'a': 2, \n    'b': {\n        'c': 3,\n        'd': 4\n    }, \n    'e': 5\n}",
            "input": "data",
            "output": "# Sum of all the values in a  nested dictionary\ndef sum_dict(d):\n    result = 0\n\n    for key, val in d.items():\n        if isinstance(val, dict):\n            result+= sum_dict(val)\n        else:\n            result += val\n\n    return result\n\nsum_result = sum_dict(data)\nprint(sum_result)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain why overflow and underflow occur in computer systems.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Overflow and underflow occur in computer systems because they are limited to a certain range of numbers. When a number exceeds this range, it will \"overflow\" or \"underflow\", and is usually represented in the system as the smallest or largest possible number. This can lead to errors when the system is trying to perform calculations with values that are out of range."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Identify the correct data structure for the following use case.\n\nA mobile app needs to store the names and favorite colors of its users.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A dictionary would be the best data structure to use for this use case. Keys would be the users' names and the values would be their favorite colors."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the following Python algorithm to C++.\n\ndef sum_list(list_nums):\n    result = 0\n    for num in list_nums:\n        result += num\n    return result",
            "input": "",
            "output": "// C++ Function to calculate sum of a list of numbers \nint sum_list(vector<int>& list_nums) \n{ \n    int result = 0; \n    for (int num : list_nums) \n        result += num; \n    return result; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the complexity of insertion sort?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The complexity of insertion sort is O(n2) in the worst case and O(n) in the best case."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java code to create a two dimensional array of size 3x3.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "int[][] array = new int[3][3];"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a C++ function to calculate the sum of two given integers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "int calculate_sum(int a, int b) {\n    return a + b;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL query that returns the names of all customers impacting the total amount of orders over $1000.",
            "input": "ORDERS Table\n+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+\n| orderid | cust_id |   date  |  item   |  price  |\n+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+\n|   501   |    1    | 202101  | Hat     |   200   |    \n|   502   |    2    | 202002  | Coat    |   700   |\n|   503   |    1    | 201812  | Shoes   |   600   |\n|   504   |    3    | 202012  | Jacket  |   1000  |\n+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+\n\nCUSTOMERS Table\n+---------+-----------+\n| cust_id |  cust_name|\n+---------+-----------+\n|    1    |  Jackie   |\n|    2    |  Nancy    |\n|    3    |  John     |\n+---------+-----------+",
            "output": "SELECT cust_name \nFROM CUSTOMERS \nWHERE cust_id\nIN (SELECT cust_id\n    FROM ORDERS\n    WHERE price > 1000);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a MySQL query to determine the average price for items purchased by customer \"Jackie\".",
            "input": "ORDERS Table\n+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+\n| orderid | cust_id |   date  |  item   |  price  |\n+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+\n|   501   |    1    | 202101  | Hat     |   200   |    \n|   502   |    2    | 202002  | Coat    |   700   |\n|   503   |    1    | 201812  | Shoes   |   600   |\n|   504   |    3    | 202012  | Jacket  |   1000  |\n+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+\n\nCUSTOMERS Table\n+---------+-----------+\n| cust_id |  cust_name|\n+---------+-----------+\n|    1    |  Jackie   |\n|    2    |  Nancy    |\n|    3    |  John     |\n+---------+-----------+",
            "output": "SELECT AVG(price)\nFROM ORDERS\nWHERE cust_id = \n(SELECT cust_id\n FROM CUSTOMERS\n WHERE cust_name = 'Jackie');"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Invert a Python dictionary using a for loop.",
            "input": "d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}",
            "output": "inverted_d = {}\n\nfor key, value in d.items():\n    inverted_d[value] = key\n\nprint(inverted_d) # Output: {1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c'}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suggest a way to convert the following JSON string to a dictionary in Python.",
            "input": "json_str = \"{\\\"name\\\":\\\"Jackie\\\",\\\"age\\\":25}\"",
            "output": "import json\n\ndict_data = json.loads(json_str)\n\nprint(dict_data) # Output: {'name': 'Jackie', 'age': 25}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a Python function that accepts a list of numbers and returns the product of those numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def get_product(numbers):\n    product = 1\n    for number in numbers:\n        product *= number\n    return product"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python code to create a list of squares of all the even numbers between 0 and 50.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "squares = [ num * num for num in range(0, 51) if num % 2 == 0]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suggest a way to sort a list of strings in Python alphabetically, from Z to A.",
            "input": "words = [\"Apple\", \"Banana\", \"Orange\"]",
            "output": "sorted_words = sorted(words, reverse=True)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a function in JavaScript to calculate the difference between two given dates.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function calculate_date_difference(date1, date2) {\n   let diff = date1.getTime() - date2.getTime();\n   return Math.abs((diff / (1000 * 60 * 60 * 24)));\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a short Python code that prints out the first 3 characters of every item in a given list.",
            "input": "words = [\"Apple\", \"Banana\", \"Orange\"]",
            "output": "for word in words:\n    print(word[:3])"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a function to print the number sequence of all integers from 1 to 100 that are divisible by 7.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def find_divisible_sevens():\n    for i in range(1, 101):\n        if i % 7 == 0:\n            print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "In the given array, create a JavaScript code snippet to find out the maximum number.",
            "input": "numbers = [3, 4, 6, 8, 10]",
            "output": "let max = Math.max(...numbers);\nconsole.log(max);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program to find the total sum of all the odd numbers between 0 and 50.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "int sum = 0;\nfor(int i = 0; i <= 50; i++) {\n  if(i % 2 == 1) {\n    sum += i;\n  }\n}\nSystem.out.println(sum);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "In the following list of strings, create a Python code to find out the longest word.",
            "input": "words = [\"Apple\", \"Banana\", \"Orange\"]",
            "output": "longest_word = max(words, key=len)\nprint(longest_word) # Output: \"Banana\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a MySQL query to display information about orders that are more than $1000.",
            "input": "ORDERS Table\n+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+\n| orderid | cust_id |   date  |  item   |  price  |\n+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+\n|   501   |    1    | 202101  | Hat     |   200   |    \n|   502   |    2    | 202002  | Coat    |   700   |\n|   503   |    1    | 201812  | Shoes   |   600   |\n|   504   |    3    | 202012  | Jacket  |   1000  |\n+---------+---------+---------+---------+---------+\n\nCUSTOMERS Table\n+---------+-----------+\n| cust_id |  cust_name|\n+---------+-----------+\n|    1    |  Jackie   |\n|    2    |  Nancy    |\n|    3    |  John     |\n+---------+-----------+",
            "output": "SELECT orderid, \n       cust_name, \n       date, \n       item, \n       price\nFROM ORDERS JOIN CUSTOMERS\n    ON ORDERS.cust_id = CUSTOMERS.cust_id\nWHERE price > 1000;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that determines if the given string is a palindrome.",
            "input": "str = \"racecar\"",
            "output": "def is_palindrome(str): \n    length = len(str) \n  \n    # iterate from 0 to mid of string \n    for i in range(0, length // 2):  \n        if str[i] != str[length - 1 - i]: \n            return False\n          \n    return True\n  \nif __name__ == '__main__': \n  \n    str = \"racecar\"\n    res = is_palindrome(str) \n  \n    if res == 1: \n        print(\"String is palindrome\") \n    else: \n        print(\"String isn't palindrome\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Describe a scenario where you require the use of a stack.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A stack can be used in a variety of scenarios. One example is when you need to reverse the order of items in a list. A stack allows you to push each item onto the stack and then pop them off in reverse order, ultimately reversing the list. Another example is when implementing depth-first search; you need to maintain a stack of nodes to explore while traversing the graph. Stacks are also involved in parsing, where each open parenthesis is pushed onto a stack and each close parenthesis pops the top item off the stack. Finally, stacks can be used for many applications in computer science such as creating an undo mechanism on a text editor."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort the given integer array in ascending order.",
            "input": "array = [3, 6, 10, -7, 2, 5]",
            "output": "def sort_array(array):\n    # Bubble Sort\n    for i in range(len(array)-1):\n        for j in range(i+1, len(array)):\n            if array[i] > array[j]:\n              temp = array[i]\n              array[i] = array[j]\n              array[j] = temp\n\n    return array\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    array = [3, 6, 10, -7, 2, 5]\n    print('Sorted Array :', sort_array(array))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a function which checks if a given string is a palindrome.",
            "input": "str = \"malayalam\"",
            "output": "def is_Palindrome(str):\n    reversed_string = \"\"\n    for char in str: \n        reversed_string = char + reversed_string \n    if (str == reversed_string): \n        return True \n    return False\n\nif __name__ == '__main__' :\n    str = \"malayalam\"\n    print(is_Palindrome(str))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to select all columns from a table named 'employees' where the age is between 25 and 30.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def select_employees_by_age_range(table_name, min_age, max_age):\n    query = \"\"\"SELECT * FROM %s WHERE age > %d and age < %d;\"\"\" % (table_name, min_age, max_age)\n    return query\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    table_name = 'employees'\n    min_age = 25\n    max_age = 30\n    print(select_employees_by_age_range(table_name, min_age, max_age))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a program that outputs the Fibonacci sequence of a given number.",
            "input": "n = 7",
            "output": "def fibonacci_sequence(n):\n    a, b = 0, 1\n    seq = []\n    for i in range(n):\n        seq.append(a)\n        a, b = b, a+b\n    return seq\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    n = 7\n    print('The Fibonacci sequence for', n, ' is ', fibonacci_sequence(n))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design an algorithm to detect if a given linked list has a cycle.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def detect_cycle(head):\n    nodeA = head\n    nodeB = head\n\n    while nodeA is not None and nodeA.next is not None:\n        nodeA = nodeA.next.next\n        nodeB = nodeA.next\n\n        if nodeA == nodeB:\n            return True\n    return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to parse a URL and extract its parameters.",
            "input": "https://www.example.com/example?date=January+29th&name=John+Smith",
            "output": "def parse_url_params(url):\n    param_map = {}\n    url_parts = url.split('?')\n    if len(url_parts) > 1:\n        params = url_parts[1].split('&')\n        for param in params:\n            key_val = param.split('=')\n            param_map[key_val[0]] = key_val[1]\n    return param_map"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an algorithm to generate a permutation list.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def permutation(lst): \n    if len(lst) == 0: \n        return [] \n    if len(lst) == 1: \n        return [lst] \n  \n    l = [] \n    for i in range(len(lst)): \n       m = lst[i] \n  \n       remLst = lst[:i] + lst[i+1:] \n  \n       for p in permutation(remLst): \n           l.append([m] + p) \n    return l"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "You are given an array of integers and you need to find the sum of all elements in the array.",
            "input": "arr = [2, 8, 3]",
            "output": "def array_sum(arr):\n    return sum(arr)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an algorithm to solve the Tower of Hanoi problem, given number of disks n.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def TowerOfHanoi(n, source, dest, aux): \n    if n==1: \n        print(\"Move disk 1 from source\",source,\"to destination\",dest) \n        return\n    TowerOfHanoi(n-1, source, aux, dest) \n    print(\"Move disk\",n,\"from source\",source,\"to destination\",dest) \n    TowerOfHanoi(n-1, aux, dest, source)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to compare two versions of strings according to the version number.",
            "input": "str1 = \"v1.2.1\"\nstr2 = \"v1.3.0\"",
            "output": "def compare_version_strings(str1, str2):\n    ver1 = str1.split(\".\")\n    ver2 = str2.split(\".\")\n    l1 = len(ver1)\n    l2 = len(ver2)\n    l = max(l1, l2)\n\n    for i in range(l):\n        a = 0\n        b = 0\n        if i < l1:\n            a = int(ver1[i])\n        if i < l2:\n            b = int(ver2[i])\n        if (a < b):\n            return -1\n        elif (a > b):\n            return 1\n    return 0"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "You are given an array of numbers and you need to print the maximum and minimum element of the array.",
            "input": "arr = [11, 14, 17, 22]",
            "output": "def minmax_array(arr):\n    max_element = max(arr)\n    min_element = min(arr)\n    return min_element, max_element"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "You are given a string and you need to remove all duplicates characters from the string and print the output.",
            "input": "string = 'abbacasac'",
            "output": "def remove_duplicate_chars(string):\n    seen = set()\n    result = ''\n    for char in string:\n        if char not in seen:\n            result += char\n            seen.add(char)\n    return result"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the second-largest element in the given array of numbers.",
            "input": "arr = [21, 11, 44, 81, 37]",
            "output": "def second_largest_in_array(arr):\n    largest_num, second_largest_num = -2147483648, -2147483648\n\n    for i in arr:\n        if i > largest_num:\n            second_largest_num = largest_num\n            largest_num = i\n        elif i > second_largest_num and i != largest_num:\n            second_largest_num = i\n    return second_largest_num"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an algorithm to determine if a word is a palindrome or not.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def is_palindrome(string): \n    n = len(string) \n    for i in range(n // 2):  \n        if string[i] != string[n - i - 1]: \n            return False\n    return True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Output the multiplication table of 3.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def multiplication_table_3():\n    for i in range(1, 11):\n        print(3, \"*\", i, \"=\", 3 * i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the following code snippet to remove the duplicate entries from a given list of strings.",
            "input": "strings = [\"one\",\"two\",\"one\",\"three\",\"two\"]",
            "output": "strings = list(dict.fromkeys(strings))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python class which has two methods add() and subtract() which take two integers as inputs and perform respective operations.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Calculator:\n    def add(self, a, b):\n        return a+b\n    \n    def subtract(self, a, b):\n        return a-b"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to list all employees whose salary is greater than or equal to $3000.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * \nFROM employees \nWHERE salary >= 3000;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function which takes three numbers as parameters and returns the largest of the three.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function largestOfThree(a, b, c) {\n    let max = Math.max(a, b, c);\n    return max;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML form which contains two number fields and a submit button.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<form action=\"formprocess.php\" method=\"POST\">\n  Number 1: <input type=\"number\" name=\"num1\"><br>\n  Number 2: <input type=\"number\" name=\"num2\"><br>\n  <input type=\"submit\">\n</form>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a React component to render a table with names and countries from an array of objects.",
            "input": "data = [\n  {name: \"John\", country: \"US\"}, \n  {name: \"Jane\", country: \"Canada\"}\n]",
            "output": "import React from 'react';\n\nconst Table = ({data}) => (\n  <table>\n    <thead>\n      <tr>\n        <th>Name</th>\n        <th>Country</th>\n      </tr>\n    </thead>\n    <tbody>\n      {data.map(({name, country}) => (\n        <tr>\n          <td>{name}</td>\n          <td>{country}</td>\n        </tr>\n      ))}\n    </tbody>\n  </table>\n);\n\nexport default Table;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Make the following C++ code snippet thread-safe by modifying or adding synchronization functions.",
            "input": "int counter = 0;",
            "output": "#include <mutex>\n\nint counter = 0;\nstd::mutex m;\n\nvoid increment() {\n  std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m);\n  counter++;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a CSS style sheet to give a unique design to all headings in a website.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "h1 {\n  font-size: 48px;\n  font-family: 'Helvetica';\n  font-weight: bold;\n}\n\nh2 {\n  font-size: 24px;\n  font-family: 'Open Sans';\n  font-weight: bold;\n}\n\nh3 {\n  font-size: 18px;\n  font-family: 'Arial';\n  font-weight: bold;\n}\n\nh4 {\n  font-size: 14px;\n  font-family: 'Courier';\n  font-weight: bold;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a MongoDB query to find all documents where the title contains the word \"cat\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "db.collection.find({title: {$regex: /cat/i}});"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use Python to write a program to find the factor of numbers between 3 and 10",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def find_factors(num):\n    factors = []\n    for i in range(3,num+1):\n        if num % i == 0:\n            factors.append(i) \n    return factors\n\nprint(find_factors(10))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a CSS class that sets the font-family of an element to Arial.",
            "input": "",
            "output": ".arial {\n    font-family: Arial;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program that takes 3 integers from the user and returns the maximum among them.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import java.util.Scanner;\n\npublic class MaxNumber {\n\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);\n        int x = scanner.nextInt();\n        int y = scanner.nextInt();\n        int z = scanner.nextInt();\n        System.out.println(\"The maximum number is: \" + Math.max(x, Math.max(y, z)));\n    }\n\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a LINQ query to find all students with a grade greater than 90 in a given class.",
            "input": "List<Student> students;",
            "output": "var highScores = from s in students\n                 where s.grade > 90\n                 select s;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an R script to calculate the variance of a given list of numbers.",
            "input": "list1 = c(3, 7, 8, 10)",
            "output": "list1 <- c(3, 7, 8, 10)\nvariance <- var(list1)\nprint(variance)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Bash script that prints the current time and date.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#!/bin/bash\necho $(date +\"%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Regex expression to verify whether an entered string is a valid email address.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "^[\\w-\\.]+@([\\w-]+\\.)+[\\w-]{2,4}$"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Define a Ruby method that takes an array of numbers and returns the sum of all the numbers.",
            "input": "[2,4,6,8]",
            "output": "def sum(array) \n    array.inject(0, :+)\nend\n\nsum([2,4,6,8])"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an interface in Java that takes an integer and returns the square of the number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public interface SquareCalculator {\n    int square(int x);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript program that reads a 2D array and prints the values in a transposed manner.",
            "input": "[[1,2,3],\n [4,5,6]]",
            "output": "const transposeMatrix = (arr) => {\n    let newArr = []\n    for (let i =0 ; i <arr[0].length; i++){\n        let row = [];\n        for (let j=0; j<arr.length; j++){\n            row.push(arr[j][i]);\n        }\n        newArr.push(row);\n    }\n    return newArr;\n}\nconsole.log(transposeMatrix([[1,2,3],\n    [4,5,6]]));"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a query to find the sum of all numbers greater than 100 in an array.",
            "input": "let arr = [98, 101, 114, 175, 210];",
            "output": "let sum = arr.filter(num => num > 100).reduce((acc, num) => {\nreturn acc + num;\n}, 0);\nconsole.log(sum);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a Java method for finding the greatest common divisor(gcd) of two numbers x and y.",
            "input": "int x = 36, y = 54;",
            "output": "public static int getGcd(int x, int y) {\n    if(y == 0) \n        return x; \n    return getGcd(y, x%y); \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL statement to retrieve records that have the column value greater than 10.",
            "input": "Table_name = Orders",
            "output": "SELECT * \nFROM Orders\nWHERE <column_name> > 10;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a bash script that takes in an input string and prints each character on a new line.",
            "input": "string = \"Hello World\"",
            "output": "#!/bin/bash\nstring=$1\nfor((i=0; i<${#string}; i++))\ndo\n    char=${string:$i:1}\n    echo $char\ndone"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a function in JavaScript that returns the smallest number from a set.",
            "input": "arr = [4, 11, 15, 23, 8]",
            "output": "function findSmallest(arr) {\n    let smallest = arr[0];\n    for (let i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {\n        if (arr[i] < smallest) {\n            smallest = arr[i]\n        }\n    }\n    return smallest;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Python that returns the result of a Boolean operation.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def boolean_operation(X, Y, operation):\n    \"\"\"\n    Returns the result of a Boolean operation on two given values.\n    \n    Parameters:\n    X (boolean): The first argument.\n    Y (boolean): The second argument.\n    operation (string): The boolean operation to perform\n        - \"OR\": Returns true if either X or Y is true.\n        - \"AND\": Returns true if both X and Y are true.\n        - \"XOR\": Returns true if either X or Y is true, but not both.\n        \n    Returns:\n    boolean: The result of the Boolean operation.\n    \"\"\"\n    if operation == \"OR\":\n        return X or Y\n    elif operation == \"AND\":\n        return X and Y\n    elif operation == \"XOR\":\n        return (X or Y) and not (X and Y)\n    else:\n        return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python function to generate a random number, between two given numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def random_number(lower_bound, upper_bound):\n    \"\"\"\n    Generates a random number between two given numbers.\n    \n    Parameters:\n    lower_bound (int): The lower bound of the number range.\n    upper_bound (int): The upper bound of the number range.\n    \n    Returns:\n    int: A random number between the two given numbers.\n    \"\"\"\n    import random\n    return random.randint(lower_bound, upper_bound)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Combine these two lists without creating any duplicate elements.",
            "input": "list1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5, 6]",
            "output": "list3 = list1 + [item for item in list2 if item not in list1]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Print the indices of all the numbers which are divisible by 3 in a given list.",
            "input": "my_list = [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]",
            "output": "indices = [i for i, num in enumerate(my_list) if num % 3 == 0]\nprint(indices)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Python to print all the odd numbers between 1 and n (inclusive).",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def print_odd_numbers(n):\n    \"\"\"Prints all the odd numbers between 1 and n (inclusive).\"\"\"\n    for i in range(1, n + 1):\n        if i % 2 != 0: # odd number\n            print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to create a histogram for the given data.",
            "input": "data = { 'apples': 10, 'oranges': 3, 'kiwis': 7}",
            "output": "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n\ndef plot_histogram(data):\n    \"\"\"\n    Plot a histogram for the given data.\n    \n    Parameters:\n    data (dict): The data to plot.\n    \"\"\"\n    plt.bar(data.keys(), data.values(), color='g')\n    plt.xticks(data.keys())\n    plt.xlabel('Fruits')\n    plt.ylabel('Count')\n    plt.title('Fruit Count Histogram')\n    plt.show()"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class that represents a Person with a given name and age.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Person:\n    def __init__(self, name, age):\n        self.name = name\n        self.age = age\n\n    def get_name(self):\n        return self.name\n    \n    def get_age(self):\n        return self.age"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to convert a given number from binary to decimal.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def binary_to_decimal(binary_num):\n    \"\"\"\n    Converts a given binary number to decimal.\n    \n    Parameters:\n    binary_num (string): The number to convert.\n    \n    Returns:\n    int: The converted decimal number.\n    \"\"\"\n    decimal_num = 0\n    \n    # Iterate through each digit of the binary number\n    for i in range(len(binary_num)):\n        # Increase the decimal number by the binary digit * (2^i)\n        decimal_num += int(binary_num[i]) * (2 ** (len(binary_num)-i-1))\n    \n    return decimal_num"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Wrap this mathematical expression as a Python function.",
            "input": "(* (sqrt 4) (+ 10 5))",
            "output": "def expression(x, y):\n    \"\"\"\n    Evaluates a mathematical expression.\n    \n    Parameters:\n    x (int): The first argument.\n    y (int): The second argument.\n    \n    Returns:\n    int: The result of the expression.\n    \"\"\"\n    import math\n    return math.sqrt(x) + (y * y)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the existing code to print the square of numbers between 1 and 10.",
            "input": "for i in range(1, 11):\n    print(i)",
            "output": "for i in range(1, 11):\n    print(i*i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite the following code using list comprehension.",
            "input": "my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nnew_list = []\nfor num in my_list:\n    new_list.append(num*2)",
            "output": "new_list = [num*2 for num in my_list]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an algorithm to print the Fibonacci sequence up to n numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def fibonacci_sequence(n):\n    \"\"\"\n    Prints the Fibonacci sequence up to n numbers.\n\n    Parameters:\n    n (int): The number of Fibonacci numbers to generate.\n\n    Returns:\n    list: A list containing the Fibonacci series.\n    \"\"\"\n    sequence = [1]\n    if n == 1:\n        return sequence\n    else:\n        sequence.append(1)\n        for i in range(2, n):\n            next_num = sequence[i-2] + sequence[i-1]\n            sequence.append(next_num)\n    return sequence"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class in Java called Address.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class Address {\n\n  private String street;\n  private String city;\n  private String state;\n  private String zip;\n \n  public Address(String street, String city, String state, String zip) {\n    this.street = street;\n    this.city = city;\n    this.state = state;\n    this.zip = zip;\n  }\n \n  public String getStreet() {\n    return street;\n  }\n \n  // rest of the getters, setters and equals() method\n  \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite the following code using a while loop instead of a for loop.",
            "input": "for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {\n    System.out.println(\"Hello, World!\");\n}",
            "output": "int i = 0;\nwhile (i < 10) {\n    System.out.println(\"Hello, World!\");\n    i++;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python program to print out a list of all odd numbers from 10 to 45.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "odd_numbers = []\nfor n in range(10, 46):\n    if n % 2 != 0:\n        odd_numbers.append(n)\nprint(odd_numbers)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class in Java that contains the following methods: setName, setAge and setGender.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class Person {\n \n  private String name;\n  private int age;\n  private String gender;\n \n  public void setName(String name) {\n    this.name = name;\n  }\n \n  public void setAge(int age) {\n    this.age = age;\n  }\n \n  public void setGender(String gender) {\n    this.gender = gender;\n  }\n \n  // getters and other methods\n \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML page that contains a simple form with two input fields.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n<head>\n    <title>Simple Form</title>\n</head>\n<body>\n    <form name=\"form1\" action=\"\">\n        <input type=\"text\" name=\"nameField\" placeholder=\"Name\">\n        <input type=\"text\" name=\"emailField\" placeholder=\"Email\">\n        <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\">\n    </form>\n</body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python class that represents a hotel with an array of rooms, each with an occupancy status.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Hotel:\n    def __init__(self, name, num_rooms):\n        self.name = name\n        self.num_rooms = num_rooms\n        self.rooms = []\n        for _ in range(num_rooms):\n            self.rooms.append('unoccupied')\n    \n    def check_in(self, room_number):\n        if self.rooms[room_number - 1] == 'unoccupied':\n            self.rooms[room_number - 1] = 'occupied'\n            return True\n        else:\n            return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a C# method that calculates the total cost of a phone purchase by adding extra fees and taxes.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public double CalculateTotalPrice(double price)\n{\n  // add extra fees and taxes\n  double totalPrice = price + (price * 0.10) + (price * 0.05); // 10% extra fees, 5% taxes\n  return totalPrice;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a SQL query to retrieve the names and cities of customers who bought a product with an id of 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT name,city\nFROM customers\nWHERE product_id = 10;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit this Python code to include a loop, then print out each item in the list.",
            "input": "list = [1,2,3]",
            "output": "list = [1,2,3]\n\nfor item in list:\n print(item)  // Prints \"1 2 3\" in the console."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a basic C# function to calculate the area of a rectangle given its length and width.",
            "input": "length = 10\nwidth = 20",
            "output": "public int CalculateRectangleArea(int length, int width)\n{\n   int area = length * width;\n   return area;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite this SQL query to use group-by clause.",
            "input": "SELECT name, product  \nFROM orders",
            "output": "SELECT name, product \nFROM orders\nGROUP BY name, product"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Filter out the customers from the US from this given data set.",
            "input": "Name \t\t\tCountry\nJohn Doe \t\tUS\nJohn Smith \t\tUK\nJane Doe \t\tMexico",
            "output": "SELECT * \nFROM customers \nWHERE country = 'US'"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Python to calculate the sum of all the digits of a given integer.",
            "input": "num = 123",
            "output": "def sum_digits(num):\n  sum = 0\n  while (num > 0):\n    sum += num % 10\n    num = num // 10\n  return sum\n\nprint(sum_digits(123))  // Outputs 6"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Fix the syntax error for the following code snippet.",
            "input": "function greetUserBylName(userName)",
            "output": "function greetUserByName(userName)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a basic CSS structure for a web page with a background color of #cecece.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<style> \n  body {\n    background-color: #cecece;\n  }\n</style>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify this code to make all the letters of the string uppercase.",
            "input": "phrase = \"Hello World!\"",
            "output": "phrase = \"Hello World!\"\nphrase = phrase.upper()\nprint(phrase)  // Outputs \"HELLO WORLD!\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Insert an element before the specified index of the given array.",
            "input": "Array: [3, 4, 5]\nElement: 7\nIndex: 1",
            "output": "[3, 7, 4, 5]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function that expects two arguments and return the largest one.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def get_larger_value(val1, val2):\n    if val1 > val2:\n        return val1\n    else:\n        return val2"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an array that contains elements from 0 to 100.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "array = [i for i in range(0,101)]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Initialize an empty list.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "my_list = []"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an array of integers from 1 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "array = [i for i in range(1,11)]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to return the smallest element from a given array.",
            "input": "Array: [3, -2, 5, 9, -7]",
            "output": "def get_smallest_element(arr):\n    smallest_item = arr[0] \n    for i in range(1,len(arr)): \n        if arr[i] < smallest_item: \n            smallest_item = arr[i]   \n    return smallest_item\n\nprint(get_smallest_element([3, -2, 5, 9, -7]))\n\n# Output: -7"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a multiplication table from 1 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for i in range(1,11):\n    for j in range(1,11):\n        print(i*j, end=\" \")\n    print()\n\n# Output: \n# 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 \n# 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 \n# 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 \n# 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 \n# 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 \n# 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 \n# 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 \n# 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 \n# 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 \n# 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Replace every vowel in the given string with an asterisk.",
            "input": "String: hello",
            "output": "def replace_vowel(string):\n    new_string = \"\"\n    vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u']\n    for i in range(len(string)):\n        if string[i].lower() in vowels: \n            new_string += '*'\n        else:\n            new_string += string[i]\n    return new_string\n\nprint(replace_vowel(\"hello\"))\n\n# Output: h*ll*"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function that swaps two elements in the given array.",
            "input": "Array: [2, 5, 3, 4]\nElements: 5 and 3",
            "output": "def swap(arr, a, b):\n    for i in range(len(arr)):\n        if arr[i] == a:\n            arr[i] = b\n        elif arr[i] == b:\n            arr[i] = a\n    return arr\n\nprint(swap([2, 5, 3, 4], 5, 3))\n\n# Output: [2, 3, 5, 4]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a random number between 1 to 500.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import random\n\nrandom_number = random.randint(1, 500)\nprint(random_number)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a new array that contains unique elements of the given array.",
            "input": "Array: [5, 5, 2, 1, 2, 4]",
            "output": "new_array = [] \nfor i in [5, 5, 2, 1, 2, 4]:\n    if i not in new_array:\n        new_array.append(i)\n\nprint(new_array)\n\n# Output: [5, 2, 1, 4]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Java method to calculate the area of a triangle given its three side lengths.",
            "input": "int side1 = 5;\nint side2 = 6;\nint side3 = 7;",
            "output": "public static double calculateArea(int side1, int side2, int side3) { \n double s = (side1 + side2 + side3) / 2.0; \n double area = Math.sqrt(s * (s - side1) * (s - side2) * (s - side3)); \n return area;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL query to select all the rows from the table called \"Customers\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * from Customers;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C code snippet to print all the numbers from 1 to 1000.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <stdio.h>\n \nint main()\n{ \n    // Variable to store the number \n    int num; \n  \n    // Looping from 1 to 1000 \n    for (num = 1; num <= 1000; num++) \n    { \n        // printing the number \n        printf(\"%d\\n\", num); \n    } \n  \n    return 0; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Java code to generate all possible combinations of a given set of strings.",
            "input": "String[] arr = {\"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\"};",
            "output": "public static void generateCombinations(String[] arr) \n{ \n    int n = arr.length; \n    int[] arrIndex = new int[n]; \n  \n    int r = 3; // the length of each combination \n    combinationUtil(arr, arrIndex, r, 0, n-1, 0); \n} \n  \nprivate static void combinationUtil(String[] arr, int[] arrIndex, int r, int start, \n                             int end, int index) \n{ \n    // Current combination is ready to be printed \n    if (index == r) \n    { \n        String combination = \"\"; \n        for (int i=0; i<r; i++) \n        { \n            combination += arr[arrIndex[i]]; \n        } \n  \n        System.out.println(combination); \n  \n        return; \n    } \n  \n    for (int i=start; i<=end && end-i+1 >= r-index; i++) \n    { \n        arrIndex[index] = i; \n        combinationUtil(arr, arrIndex, r, i+1, end, index+1); \n    } \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C code snippet to find all the prime numbers between 1 and 100.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include<stdio.h>\nint main()\n{\n  int i, j, isPrime;\n\n  for(i=2; i<=100; i++)\n  {\n    isPrime = 1;\n\n    for(j=2; j<=i/2; j++)\n    {\n      if(i%j==0)\n      {\n        isPrime = 0;\n        break;\n      }\n    }\n\n    if(isPrime==1)\n    {\n      printf(\"%d \",i);\n    }\n  }\n\n  return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript function to convert a given number from Celsius to Fahrenheit.",
            "input": "let tempCelsius = 25;",
            "output": "function celsiusToFahrenheit(tempCelsius) {\n  return (tempCelsius * 9/5) + 32;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Java method to run a given code snippet after five seconds.",
            "input": "Runnable task = () -> System.out.println(\"Hello World!\");",
            "output": "public static void delayTask(Runnable task){\n  try {\n    Thread.sleep(5000);\n  } catch (InterruptedException e) {\n  }\n  task.run();\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL query to delete the row where the \"customer_id\" is '003'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "DELETE FROM Customers WHERE customer_id='003';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript code to generate the Fibonacci series for the first 10 numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function printFibonacciSeries(n){\n    let first = 0, second = 1, next;\n\n    console.log(first, second);\n\n    for(let i = 3; i <= n; i++){\n      next = first + second;\n      console.log(next);\n      first = second;\n      second = next;\n    }\n  }\n  \n  printFibonacciSeries(10);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the first index of a given element in an array.",
            "input": "array = [5, 6, 7, 8, 1]",
            "output": "def find_ind(array, element):\n    for i in range(len(array)):\n        if array[i] == element:\n            return i\n    return -1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Print the odd numbers from 1 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for i in range(1, 11):\n    if i % 2 != 0:\n        print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a for loop that prints out the numbers from 0 to 100, incrementing by 5.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for i in range(0, 101, 5):\n    print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an array with the following numbers: 3, 5, 10, 17.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "int arr[] = {3, 5, 10, 17};"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the sum of the squares of the first 10 natural numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The sum of the squares of the first 10 natural numbers is 385 (1 + 4 + 9 + 16 + 25 + 36 + 49 + 64 + 81 + 100 = 385)."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rearrange the following code to ensure the user is asked for their age before their name:",
            "input": "name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nage = input(\"How old are you? \")",
            "output": "age = input(\"How old are you? \")\nname = input(\"What is your name? \")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes two arguments, a string and an integer, and prints out the string `integer` number of times.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def repeatString(string, n):\n    # This function prints out the string `n` number of times\n    for i in range(n):\n        print(string)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL statement to select all books written by authors aged 25 or younger.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * \nFROM books \nWHERE author_age <= 25;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Retrieve data from a table containing movie information and display details about the first 5 movies.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * \nFROM movies \nLIMIT 5;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML form with two input fields, one for a username and one for a password.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<form action=\"#\" method=\"post\">\n  <input type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Username\" name=\"username\"/>\n  <input type=\"password\" placeholder=\"Password\" name=\"password\"/>\n  <button type=\"submit\">Submit</button>\n</form>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a CSS statement to select all elements of class \"my-class\" and change their font size to 20px.",
            "input": "",
            "output": ".my-class {\n    font-size: 20px;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript function that calculates the factorial of an integer.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function factorial(n) {\n    // This function calculates the factorial of an integer\n    if (n == 0) {\n        return 1;\n    }\n    return n * factorial(n - 1);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a php script that generates a random 3 character string.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<?php\n    // This php script generates a random 3 character string\n    $randomString = substr(str_shuffle(\"0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ\"), 0, 3);\n    echo $randomString;\n?>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the following Java program to C++",
            "input": "public class HelloWorld {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        System.out.println(\"Hello, World!\");\n    }\n}",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n\nint main() {\n    std::cout << \"Hello, World!\" << std::endl;\n    return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the most frequent element in an array of integer.",
            "input": "[2, 3, 3, 1, 4, 3, 4, 5, 6, 4]",
            "output": "The most frequent element in the array is 3."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Identify the bug in the following code snippet, and suggest a correction for it.",
            "input": "public static void printReverse(String str) {\n    if (str.length() == 1) {\n        System.out.print(str);\n    } else {\n        System.out.print(str.charAt(str.length()) + \" \");\n        printReverse(str.substring(0, str.length() - 1));\n    }\n}",
            "output": "public static void printReverse(String str) {\n    if (str.length() == 1) {\n        System.out.print(str);\n    } else {\n        System.out.print(str.charAt(str.length() - 1) + \" \");\n        printReverse(str.substring(0, str.length() - 1));\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Python to convert a given number to its equivalent binary number.",
            "input": "num = 11",
            "output": "def binary(num):\n    return bin(num)[2:]\n\n#Function call\nprint(binary(num))\n\n#Output\n1011"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit a CSS rule to set the font size of an HTML element 'h2' to 18px.",
            "input": "h2 {\n    font-family: Arial;\n    font-size: 16px;\n}",
            "output": "h2 {\n    font-family: Arial;\n    font-size: 18px;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the purpose of a transpiler in a programming language?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A transpiler, or source-to-source compiler, is a tool used to convert code written in one programming language into another. It is typically used to convert code written in a newer or less popular language into code that is more portable and can be used in older or more widely used programming languages. This helps to ensure the code can run on any platform and be shared between different programming environments."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct an array in JavaScript to store three strings.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "var arr = [\"String 1\", \"String 2\", \"String 3\"];"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "In a React application, what is the purpose of a React Hook?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "React Hooks are functions that allow React components to use state and lifecycle features from function components. They enable developers to use state and other React features without writing a class. This allows developers to write clean and organized code that is more reusable, efficient and easier to test."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class in Java to represent a bank account with the instance variables name and balance.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class BankAccount {\n  String name;\n  double balance;\n\n  public BankAccount(String name, double balance) {\n    this.name = name;\n    this.balance = balance;\n  }\n\n  public String getName() {\n    return name;\n  }\n\n  public double getBalance() {\n    return balance;\n  }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program in Python to find the length of a given string.",
            "input": "string = \"Hello World!\"",
            "output": "# function to find the length of a string\ndef findLength(string):\n    count = 0\n    \n    for i in string: \n        count += 1\n    \n    return count \n\n# Driver code  \nstring = \"Hello World!\"\n\nlength = findLength(string) \n\nprint(\"Length of the given string is:\", length)\n\n# Output\nLength of the given string is: 12"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to select all customers who have made orders in the last month.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM customers\nWHERE EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM orders\n              WHERE orders.customer_id = customers.id\n              AND orders.date > DATE_SUB(CURDATE(), INTERVAL 1 MONTH));"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Which CSS selector should you use to apply styling to all elements of a certain type on a webpage?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The Universal selector should be used to apply styling to all elements of a certain type on a webpage. This selector uses an asterisk (*) as a wildcard and will match any element type on the page. For example, to apply styling to all <p> elements, the following syntax can be used: \n\n*p { \n  font-family: 'Arial', sans-serif; \n  font-size: 16px; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using RegEx, you need to write a code to return the name of a person from a given string",
            "input": "John Doe was born in New York in 1980",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nUsing RegEx, return the name of a person from a given string\n\"\"\"\n\nimport re\n\ndef get_name(string):\n    # search for a pattern\n    pattern = r\"([A-Z]\\w+\\s[A-Z]\\w+)\"\n    # find the match\n    match = re.search(pattern, string)\n    if match:\n        return match.group()\n    else:\n        return \"Could not find a name!\"\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    string = \"John Doe was born in New York in 1980\"\n    print(\"Name of the person is {}\".format(get_name(string)))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to create a recursive function to list out the elements in a given folder",
            "input": "",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nCreate a recursive function to list out the elements in a given folder\n\"\"\"\n\nimport os\n\ndef list_all(folder):\n    \"\"\"\n    Recursively list out the elements of a given folder.\n    \"\"\"\n   for path, directories, files in os.walk(folder):\n        for f in files:\n            print(os.path.join(path, f))\n        for d in directories:\n            list_all(os.path.join(path, d))\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    list_all('folder')"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert a given string of comma seperated numbers into an array of integers",
            "input": "\"1, 4, 5, 6, 3\"",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nConvert a given string of comma seperated numbers into an array of integers\n\"\"\"\n\ndef str_to_int_arr(str):\n    # split the string at comma and remove spaces\n    str_arr = str.replace(' ', '').split(',') \n    # convert the strings elements to integer\n    int_arr = [int(e) for e in str_arr] \n    return int_arr\n    \nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    str = \"1, 4, 5, 6, 3\"\n    int_arr = str_to_int_arr(str)\n    print(\"The array of integers: {}\".format(int_arr))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code which prints all the elements of a given array except the last element",
            "input": "[1, 4, 5, 6, 3]",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nWrite a code which prints all the elements of a given array except the last element\n\"\"\"\n\ndef print_except_last(arr):\n    for i in range(len(arr)-1):\n        print(arr[i])\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    arr = [1, 4, 5, 6, 3]\n    print_except_last(arr)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to count the occurrence of a substring in a given string",
            "input": "\u201cHello World\u201d, \u201cl\u201d",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nWrite a code to count the occurrence of a substring in a given string\n\"\"\"\n\ndef count_occurrences(string, sub):\n    # Use re.findall()\n    count = len(re.findall(sub, string))\n    return count\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    string = \"Hello World\"\n    sub = \"l\"\n    print(\"Number of occurrences of {} in {} is {}\".format(sub, string, count_occurrences(string, sub)))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code which accepts a string and an integer and return the string rotated the given integer number of times",
            "input": "\u201cHello World\u201d, 2",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nWrite a code which accepts a string and an integer and return the string rotated the given integer number of times\n\"\"\"\n\ndef rotate_string(string, n):\n    n = n % len(string)\n    return string[n:] + string[:n]\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    string = \"Hello World\"\n    n = 2\n    print(\"Rotated string is {}\".format(rotate_string(string, n)))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to print out the length of the longest word amongst the given words",
            "input": "\u201cHello World, Programing\u201d",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nWrite a code to print out the length of the longest word amongst the given words\n\"\"\"\n\ndef max_length_word(words):\n    # split the words at space\n    word_list = words.split() \n    # get the lengths of all the words\n    lengths = [len(word) for word in word_list] \n    # return the maximum length\n    return max(lengths) \n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    words = \"Hello World, Programming\"\n    print(\"Longest word has length of {}\".format(max_length_word(words)))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to generate all possible permutations of a given array",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3]",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nWrite a code to generate all possible permutations of a given array\n\"\"\"\n\ndef generate_permutations(arr):\n    # import itertools library\n    import itertools\n    # generate all permutations\n    permutations = list(itertools.permutations(arr))\n    return permutations\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    arr = [1, 2, 3]\n    permutations = generate_permutations(arr)\n    print(\"Possible permutations are {}\".format(permutations))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a code to accept two given strings and return true if one string is rotation of the other",
            "input": "\"Hello World\u201d, \u201cWorldHello\u201d",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nCreate a code to accept two given strings and return true if one string is rotation of the other\n\"\"\"\n\ndef is_rotation(str1, str2):\n    # concatenate the second string to itself\n    str2_concat = str2 * 2\n    if str1 in str2_concat:\n        return True\n    else:\n        return False\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    str1 = \"Hello World\"\n    str2 = \"WorldHello\"\n    print(\"One string is rotation of the other: {}\".format(is_rotation(str1, str2)))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How would you modify the following code to ensure better error handling?",
            "input": "def add_two_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b",
            "output": "def add_two_numbers(a, b):\n    try:\n        return a + b\n    except (TypeError, ValueError):\n        print(\"Error: Arguments must be numbers\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to compute the harmonic mean of 2 numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def harmonic_mean(x,y):\n    \"\"\"\n    This function finds the harmonic mean of two numbers\n    \"\"\"\n    return 2.0 * (x * y)/ (x + y)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Fit a linear regression model to the following dataset.",
            "input": "X = [3, 6, 9, 12]\nY = [20, 25, 33, 32]",
            "output": "from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression\n\nx = [3, 6, 9, 12]\ny = [20, 25, 33, 32]\n\nmodel = LinearRegression().fit(x,y)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the use of classes in Python",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Classes in Python are used to bundle data and functionality together. A class serves as a template for creating objects which contain its properties and methods. This allows for code reusability and makes it easier to manage and maintain the code. Classes also represent real world objects, allowing us to build a better link between our code and the real world."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a method to calculate the circumference of a circle given the radius",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def circumference_of_circle(r):\n    \"\"\"\n    This method calculates the circumference of a circle given the radius\n    \"\"\"\n    return 2 * 3.14 * r"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you achieve python virtual environment?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Python virtual environments allow you to have isolated Python setups for different projects or scripts. They allow you to have separate versions of various packages installed for different projects and to switch between them easily. To set up a virtual environment, you can use the Python package manager `pip`. From the command line, you can create a new virtual environment with `pip install virtualenv`, activate it with `source <env_name>/bin/activate` and deactivate it with `deactivate`."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the syntax to delete an item in a list?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The syntax to delete an item from a list is del list[index]. The index is the position of the item in the list, starting from 0."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Perform the following operations on two lists.",
            "input": "list1 = [2, 4, 6] \nlist2 = [1, 5, 8]",
            "output": "# Adding two lists\nlist3 = list1 + list2\nprint(list3) #Output:[2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 8]\n\n# Merging two lists\nlist4 = list1 + list2\nprint(list4) #Output:[2, 4, 6, 1, 5, 8]\n\n# Slicing two lists\nlist5 = list1[1:] + list2[:]\nprint(list5) #Output:[4, 6, 1, 5, 8]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the handling of exceptions using try and catch in C#.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Using try and catch blocks in C#, a program can catch an exception that is thrown within the try block. A try block contains the code that can potentially generate an exception, while the catch block is used to catch an exception if it is thrown. The catch block contains the code necessary to handle it, such as displaying an error message and logging the exception. The program can also use 'finally' block to ensure that any clean up or necessary actions are performed regardless of whether or not an exception is thrown."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to list the first dozen customer names in the customer_tb table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT name FROM customer_tb ORDER BY name LIMIT 12;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Translate this mathematical expression into C++ code.",
            "input": "f(x) = 5x\u00b2 \u2013 3x + 7",
            "output": "double f(double x) {\n    return 5 * pow(x,2) - 3*x + 7;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Change this Javascript code to display the sum of the numbers from 0 to 10.",
            "input": "let num = 0;\nlet count = 0;\n\nwhile (num < 10) {\n   count += num;\n   num++;\n}",
            "output": "let num = 0;\nlet count = 0;\n\nwhile (num <= 10) {\n   count += num;\n   num++;\n}\nconsole.log(count);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design an algorithm to calculate the mean of an array of numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Algorithm:\n\n1. Take the array of numbers.\n2. Initialize a variable sum to 0.\n3. Iterate through the array, add each element of the array to the sum variable.\n4. Calculate the mean by dividing the sum variable by the length of the array.\n5. Return the mean value."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Python that accepts an array of integers and returns an array of the median values.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def median_array(array):\n      sorted_arr = sorted(array)\n      n = len(sorted_arr)\n      \n      if n % 2 == 1:\n          return sorted_arr[int(n / 2)]\n      else:\n          return (sorted_arr[int(n / 2) - 1] + sorted_arr[int(n / 2)]) / 2"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a class in Java that represents a date and contains two methods:  one to set the date and another to print it.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class Date {\n    private int day;\n    private int month;\n    private int year;\n    \n    public Date(int day, int month, int year) {\n        this.day = day;\n        this.month = month;\n        this.year = year;\n    }\n    \n    public void setDate(int day, int month, int year) {\n        this.day = day;\n        this.month = month;\n        this.year = year;\n    }\n    \n    public void printDate() {\n        System.out.println(day + \"/\" + month + \"/\" + year);\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort this array of integers from smallest to largest using a bubble sort algorithm.",
            "input": "[4, 8, 1, 5, 7, 3, 2, 6]",
            "output": "def bubble_sort(arr): \n    n = len(arr) \n\n    # Traverse through all array elements \n    for i in range(n):         \n        # Last i elements are already in place \n        for j in range(0, n-i-1):             \n            # traverse the array from 0 to n-i-1 \n            # Swap if the element found is greater \n            # than the next element \n            if arr[j] > arr[j+1] : \n                arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j] \n   \n    return arr \n  \n# Driver code to test above \narr = [4, 8, 1, 5, 7, 3, 2, 6] \nresult = bubble_sort(arr) \n\nprint (\"Sorted array:\") \nfor i in result: \n    print(i, end=' ')"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that calculates the Fibonacci numbers up to a desired number of elements.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def fibonacci(num):\n    fib_list = [0, 1]\n    if num == 0: \n        return [0]\n    elif num == 1: \n        return [0, 1] \n    else: \n        for i in range(2,num):  \n            fib_list.append(fib_list[i-1] + fib_list[i-2]) \n        return fib_list"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use a hash table to find the index of the target number in an array of integers.",
            "input": "array = [-1, 3, 8, 2, 9, 5], target = 8",
            "output": "def find_index(array, target): \n    hashTable = {} \n      \n    # insert elements in the hash table \n    for i in range(len(array)):  \n        hashTable[array[i]] = i \n      \n    # search for target in hash table  \n    if target in hashTable:  \n        return hashTable.get(target)  \n    else: \n        return -1\n\narray = [-1, 3, 8, 2, 9, 5] \ntarget = 8\n  \nprint(find_index(array, target))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a bash script that checks if a directory exists.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#!/bin/bash\n\nif [ -d \"$1\" ]; then\n    echo \"The directory exists.\"\nelse \n    echo \"The directory does not exist.\"\nfi"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a CSS template to center the text inside an element with the class \"main-text\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": ".main-text {\n    text-align: center;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code snippet to generate randomly shuffled decks of cards using Java.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import java.util.Collections;\nimport java.util.LinkedList; \n\npublic class RandomDeck { \n    public static void main(String[] args) \n    { \n        LinkedList<String> cards = new LinkedList<>();\n        for (char c='a'; c <= 'z'; c++) \n            cards.add(\"\" + c);\n        Collections.shuffle(cards);\n        for (String card : cards)\n            System.out.print(card + \" \");\n    } \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the length of the string \"Hello World!\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "str = \"Hello World!\"\nlength = len(str)\nprint(length)  # Output: 12"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Build a function giving the factorial of a given number using Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def factorial(n): \n   if (n == 0): \n      return 1\n   else:\n      return n * factorial(n-1)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code snippet to display the current time in Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import time \nprint(time.strftime(\"%H:%M:%S\"))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Count the number of characters in the string \"Hello World!\"",
            "input": "",
            "output": "str = \"Hello World!\"\nlength = len(str)\nprint(length)  # Output: 12"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to update the value of column \"price\" for product \"B\" to 50.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "UPDATE table \nSET price = 50 \nWHERE product = 'B';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a CSS template to add a 3px solid blue border to all buttons.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "button {\n    border: 3px solid blue;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Reverse the contents of a string in Python.",
            "input": "message = \"Hello World\"",
            "output": "def reverse_string(str):\n res = ''\n for character in str:\n res = character + res\n return res\n\nreverse_string(message)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Output the result of the arithmetic operation",
            "input": "a = 4\nb = 6",
            "output": "ans = a + b\nprint(ans) # 10"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Split the string into words and output the words in alphabetical order.",
            "input": "message = \"Hello World\"",
            "output": "words = message.split()\nwords.sort()\nprint(words) # ['Hello', 'World']"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort the items in the list in ascending order.",
            "input": "items = [2, 5, 4, 7, 3]",
            "output": "items.sort()\nprint(items) # [2, 3, 4, 5, 7]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to reduce a given list to unique values.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def unique_values(lst):\n    unique_lst = list(set(lst))\n    return unique_lst"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a list of even numbers from 0 to the given number n.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def generate_evens(n):\n    return [i for i in range(n+1) if i % 2 == 0]\n\ngenerate_evens(10) # [0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to output the result of a dictionary lookup.",
            "input": "user_data = {\n \"name\": \"John\",\n \"age\": 30\n}\nkey = \"name\"",
            "output": "def lookup(data, key):\n    return data[key]\n\nlookup(user_data, key) # \"John\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to output the result of a regex search in a given string.",
            "input": "import re\ntext = \"Hello World\"\npattern = r\"Hello\"",
            "output": "def regex_search(text,pattern):\n    \n    match = re.search(pattern, text)\n\n    if match:\n        return match.group()\n    else: \n        return None\n\nregex_search(text, pattern) # \"Hello\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Describe a problem you solved using Python programming.",
            "input": "I recently had to reformat data collected from a survey into a more readable format.",
            "output": "Recently, I needed to reformat data collected from a survey into a more readable format. I used Python programming to automate the process by splitting the lines of data into their corresponding columns, removing any duplicates, and performing calculations on the numerical data. I then used the Python's Pandas module to export the data as a csv file which made it easy to view in spreadsheet software."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an object using JavaScript that has a name, two methods and two properties.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "const myObject = {\n    // Name\n    name: 'My Object',\n    // Properties\n    prop1: 'First Prop',\n    prop2: 'Second Prop',\n    // Methods\n    getProps: () => {\n        console.log(`${this.prop1} and ${this.prop2}`);\n    },\n    setProps: (prop1, prop2) => {\n        this.prop1 = prop1;\n        this.prop2 = prop2;\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function using Python that takes two arguments and returns the product.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def multiply(x, y):\n    return x * y"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a MySQL statement to delete all rows from a table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "DELETE FROM table_name;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SELECT query in SQL to sort the records in a table by name in alphabetical order.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY name ASC;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Node.js program that takes in two parameters, a string and a number, and prints out the string that many times.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "const printString = (str, count) => {\n  for (let i = 0; i < count; i++){\n    console.log(str);\n  }\n};"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a query in MySQL to list all customers in alphabetical order.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT name FROM customers ORDER BY name ASC;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an algorithm in Java to find the first common ancestor of two nodes in a binary tree.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public TreeNode commonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode node1, TreeNode node2){\n    if (root == null || root == node1 || root == node2)\n        return root;\n\n    TreeNode left = commonAncestor(root.left, node1, node2);\n    TreeNode right = commonAncestor(root.right, node1, node2);\n \n    if (left != null && right != null)\n        return root;\n \n    return (left != null) ? left : right;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Name a few popular web development frameworks.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Popular web development frameworks include Django, Ruby on Rails, Express.js, Laravel, Spring, and ASP.NET."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Java that prints the sum of two integers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static void printSum(int a, int b) {\n System.out.println(a + b); \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Describe the following code snippet in plain English.",
            "input": "x = 0\nwhile x < 10\n    x = x + 1",
            "output": "The code snippet creates a variable called x and sets it to 0. It then uses a while loop to loop through a set of instructions until x is less than 10. In the loop, x is incremented by 1 each iteration."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an array in JavaScript of five unique values.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let myArray = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java method to reverse the order of contents in an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static void reverse(int[] arr) {  \n    int n = arr.length;\n    int temp;\n    for (int i = 0; i < n/2; i++) { \n        temp = arr[i]; \n        arr[i] = arr[n - i - 1]; \n        arr[n - i - 1] = temp; \n    } \n }"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the average of three numbers in JavaScript.",
            "input": "12, 8, 5",
            "output": "let average = (12 + 8 + 5) / 3; \nconsole.log(average);  // Output: 8"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program in Java that takes two strings as input and checks if the two strings are anagrams of each other.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static boolean isAnagram(String s1, String s2) \n{ \n    // If the length of strings is not same, then \n    // strings are not anagram \n    if (s1.length() != s2.length()) \n        return false; \n  \n    int[] count = new int[256]; \n  \n    // Store count of all characters in the first string \n    for (int i = 0; i < s1.length(); i++) \n        count[s1.charAt(i)]++; \n  \n    // Reduce count of characters in the second string \n    for (int i=0; i<s2.length(); i++) \n        count[s2.charAt(i)]--; \n  \n    // Check all counts are zero \n    for (int i=0; i< 256; i++) \n        if (count[i] != 0) \n            return false; \n  \n    return true; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C program to generate fibonacci sequence upto a given number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <stdio.h>\n \nint main()\n{\n   int i, n, t1 = 0, t2 = 1, nextTerm;\n \n   printf(\"Enter the number of terms: \");\n   scanf(\"%d\", &n);\n \n   printf(\"Fibonacci Series: \");\n \n   for (i = 1; i <= n; ++i)\n   {\n      printf(\"%d, \", t1);\n      nextTerm = t1 + t2;\n      t1 = t2;\n      t2 = nextTerm;\n   }\n   return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How would you form a regular expression to check if a given string contains at least one letter, one number, and one special character?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "^(?=.*[A-Za-z])(?=.*\\d)(?=.*[@$!%*#?&])[A-Za-z\\d@$!%*#?&]{8,}$"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a doubly linked list in Java.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class DoublyLinkedList {\n \n    private class Node {\n        private int data;\n        private Node next;\n        private Node prev;\n \n        public Node(int data) {\n            this.data = data;\n            this.next = null;\n            this.prev = null;\n        }\n    }\n \n    private Node head;\n    private Node tail;\n    private int size;\n \n    public int size() {\n        return this.size;\n    }\n \n    public boolean isEmpty() {\n        return this.size == 0;\n    }\n \n    public void addFirst(int data) {\n        Node node = new Node(data);\n \n        if(isEmpty()) {\n            this.head = this.tail = node;\n        } else {\n            node.next = head;\n            head.prev = node;\n            this.head = node;\n        }\n \n        this.size++;\n    }\n \n    public void addLast(int data) {\n        Node node = new Node(data);\n \n        if(isEmpty()) {\n            this.head = this.tail = node;\n        } else {\n            this.tail.next = node;\n            node.prev = this.tail;\n            this.tail = node;\n        }\n \n        this.size++;\n    }\n \n    public int removeFirst() {\n        if(isEmpty()) {\n            throw new RuntimeException(\"Empty List!\");\n        }\n \n        Node removedNode = this.head;\n \n        if(this.head == this.tail) {\n            this.head = this.tail = null;\n        } else {\n            this.head = this.head.next;\n            this.head.prev = null;\n        }\n \n        size--;\n        return removedNode.data;\n    }\n \n    public int removeLast() {\n        if(isEmpty()) {\n            throw new RuntimeException(\"Empty List!\");\n        }\n \n        Node removedNode = this.tail;\n \n        if(this.head == this.tail) {\n            this.head = this.tail = null;\n        } else {\n            this.tail = this.tail.prev;\n            this.tail.next = null;\n        }\n \n        size--;\n        return removedNode.data;\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a list of numbers, find the first pair of numbers that add up to 7.",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]",
            "output": "The first pair of numbers that add up to 7 is (1, 6)."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Delete the element at given position in a linked list.",
            "input": "head = 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5\nposition = 3",
            "output": "Given linked list: 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4 -> 5\nAfter deleting the node at position 3: 1 -> 2 -> 4 -> 5\n\n// Implementation\n\nif(head == NULL)\n    return;\nNode* temp = head;\nif(pos == 0){\n    head = temp->next;\n    free(temp);\n    return;\n}\nfor(int i=0; temp!=NULL && i<pos-1; i++)\n    temp = temp->next;\nif(temp == NULL || temp->next == NULL)\n    return;\nNode* next = temp->next->next;\nfree(temp->next);\ntemp->next = next;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given an array of integers, print out all the subsets of the array.",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3]",
            "output": "Subsets of the array: \n[[], [1], [2], [3], [1, 2], [1, 3], [2, 3], [1, 2, 3]]\n\n// Implementation\n\nvoid printSubsets(int arr[], int n) \n{ \n    for(int i = 0; i < (1 << n); i++){\n       cout << \"[\";\n        for(int j = 0; j < n; j++){\n            if(i & (1 << j)) {\n                cout << arr[j] << \" \";\n            }\n        }\n        cout << \"]\" << endl;\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the middle item in a singly linked list.",
            "input": "head = 1 -> 2 -> 3 -> 4",
            "output": "The middle item in the linked list is 3.\n\n// Implementation\n\n// Two pointer approach\nNode* slowPtr = head;\nNode* fastPtr = head;\n\nif (head != NULL) { \n  \n    while (fastPtr != NULL && fastPtr->next != NULL) { \n        fastPtr = fastPtr->next->next; \n        slowPtr = slowPtr->next; \n    } \n    cout << slowPtr->data; \n\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a query to list all the customers and their addresses.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT customer_name, customer_address \nFROM customers;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suggest a function in JavaScript to check if a given array is sorted.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function isSorted(arr){\n    for (let i = 0; i < arr.length - 1; i++) {\n        if (arr[i] > arr[i + 1]) {\n            return false;\n        }\n    } \n    return true;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a binary search algorithm in C.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "int binarySearch(int arr[], int l, int r, int x) {\n    if (r >= l) {\n        int mid = l + (r - l) / 2;\n\n        if (arr[mid] == x)\n            return mid;\n\n        if (arr[mid] > x) \n            return binarySearch(arr, l, mid - 1, x); \n\n        return binarySearch(arr, mid + 1, r, x);\n    }\n    return -1; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct an SQL query to list the name and age of all the customers in the given table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT customer_name, age \nFROM customers;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to select students with age greater than 17 from the students table.",
            "input": "{\n\"students_table\": [ \n  [\"John\", \"19\"], \n  [\"Bob\", \"17\"],\n  [\"Alice\", \"21\"], \n  [\"Sam\", \"16\"] \n] \n}",
            "output": "SELECT *\nFROM students_table\nWHERE age > 17;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a random 5 digit number using C++.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n#include <stdlib.h>\n#include <time.h>\n\nint main()\n{\n  srand(time(0));\n  int random = (rand() % (99999 - 10000 + 1)) + 10000;\n  std::cout << random << std::endl;\n  return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain what a function pointer is.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A function pointer is a pointer that contains the address of a function. It is used to reference a function for execution. Function pointers can also be used to store and pass functions as arguments to other functions, just like any other data type."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the purpose of a callback function?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A callback function is a function that is passed as an argument to another function. The callback function is called by the receiving function when certain conditions are met. Callbacks are often used in event-driven programming, when an event triggers a notification to the program to execute a certain function."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort the following array of characters by their ASCII values.",
            "input": "{\n  \"characters\": [\"x\", \"j\", \"A\", \"z\", \"@\"]\n}",
            "output": "[\"@\", \"A\", \"j\", \"x\", \"z\"]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What does the acronym DOM stand for?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "DOM stands for Document Object Model. It is a platform- and language-neutral interface that allows programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure, and style of a document."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a query in MySQL to find all customers aged greater than 18 from the customer_details table.",
            "input": "{\n  \"customer_details_table\": [ \n  [\"John\", \"19\"], \n  [\"Bob\", \"17\"],\n  [\"Alice\", \"21\"], \n  [\"Sam\", \"16\"] \n] \n}",
            "output": "SELECT *\nFROM customer_details_table\nWHERE age > 18;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a snippet of code with PHP for printing the current time.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<?php\n  $date = date('h:i:s');\n  echo \"The current time is: $date\";\n?>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the purpose of the for loop in Java?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The for loop in Java is used to iterate through a block of code multiple times until a given condition is evaluated to false. It is used for executing a set of statements multiple times based on a condition."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the following string to all lowercase letters using JavaScript.",
            "input": "{\n  \"string\": \"HELLO WOrld\"\n}",
            "output": "var lowerCaseString = string.toLowerCase();"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Django view to display the latest articles from the blog.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "from django.views.generic import ListView\n\nclass LatestArticlesView(ListView):\n    model = BlogArticle\n    context_object_name = \"articles\"\n    template_name = \"articles.html\"\n    ordering = \"-date\"\n    paginate_by = 10"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is web scraping?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Web scraping is the process of extracting data from websites. It is done with the help of programming language such as Python, Java, etc. It is used to automate the process of collecting data from web pages for analysis purposes."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given an array of integers, can you find the elements which sum up to a given number?",
            "input": "arr = [2, 4, 10, 15, 20], target = 26",
            "output": "[10, 15, 20] are the elements that sum to 26."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a regex expression to match \"abbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbabbab\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "/ab{30,}/g"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "You need to convert the following JSON code into a List object in Python.",
            "input": "{\n  \"employees\": [\n    {\n      \"name\": \"John Doe\",\n      \"age\": 30\n    },\n    {\n      \"name\": \"Jane Doe\",\n      \"age\": 28\n    },\n    {\n      \"name\": \"Joe Smith\",\n      \"age\": 25\n    }\n  ]\n}",
            "output": "[\n    {\n        \"name\": \"John Doe\",\n        \"age\": 30\n    },\n    {\n        \"name\": \"Jane Doe\",\n        \"age\": 28\n    },\n    {\n        \"name\": \"Joe Smith\",\n        \"age\": 25\n    }\n]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C++ program to print the following pattern.",
            "input": "*",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {\n        for (int j = 0; j < i+1; j++)\n            cout << \"*\";\n        cout << \"\\n\";\n    }\n    return 0;\n}\n\n// Output\n\n*\n**\n***\n****\n*****\n******"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using a spreadsheet formula generate the total salary of all employees in a sheet containing employee details.",
            "input": "Employee Name, Department, Salary\nJohn, Accounting, 8000\nJoe, Sales, 10000",
            "output": "=SUM(C2:C3)  // Total salary = 18000"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop a function in JavaScript to remove-consecutive duplicates from a given string.",
            "input": "str = \"appleeeee\"",
            "output": "function removeConsecutiveDuplicates(str) {\n    let result = \"\"; \n    let previous_char = \"\"; \n    for (let i = 0; i < str.length; i++) { \n        if (str[i] != previous_char) { \n             result += str[i];\n             previous_char = str[i];\n        }  \n    } \n    return result; \n}\n\n// Output \nlet output = removeConsecutiveDuplicates(str); \nconsole.log(output); // Output: aple"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a class in Java which can be used to calculate the maximum of three numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class MaxOfThree {\n    public static int getMax(int a, int b, int c) {\n        int max = a;\n        if (b > max) {\n            max = b;\n        }\n        if (c > max) {\n            max = c;\n        }\n        return max;\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a random integer between 1 to 6 using Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import random\nx = random.randint(1,6) \nprint(x) // Output: An Integer between 1 to 6"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Read the JSON data below and append the elements in the array called 'names' to the document element with the id \"result\".",
            "input": "<script>\nlet data = {\n  \"names\": [\"John\", \"Joe\", \"Jane\"] \n};\n</script>",
            "output": "<script>\nlet data = {\n  \"names\": [\"John\", \"Joe\", \"Jane\"] \n};\n\nlet result = document.getElementById(\"result\");\ndata.names.forEach(name => {\n  let newElement = document.createElement(\"p\");\n  let newText = document.createTextNode(name);\n  newElement.appendChild(newText);\n  result.appendChild(newElement);\n});\n</script>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using React Native, implement an animation that moves a circle from the left edge of the screen to the right edge when the user clicks a button.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import React, { useState } from \"react\";\nimport { View, StyleSheet, Animated } from \"react-native\";\nimport { TouchableOpacity } from \"react-native-gesture-handler\";\n\nexport default function App(){\n  const [animation] = useState(new Animated.Value(0))\n\n  const animateCircle = () => {\n      Animated.timing(animation, {\n        toValue: 1,\n        duration: 1500\n      }).start();\n  }\n\n  const interpolation = animation.interpolate({\n    inputRange: [0, 1],\n    outputRange: [-60, 260]\n  });\n\n  const animatedStyles = {\n    left: interpolation\n  };\n  \n  return (\n    <View style={styles.container}>\n      <TouchableOpacity onPress={animateCircle}>            \n        <Animated.View\n          style={[styles.circle, animatedStyles]}\n        />\n      </TouchableOpacity>\n\n    </View>\n  );\n}\n\nconst styles = StyleSheet.create({ \n  circle: {\n    borderWidth: 1,\n    width: 60,\n    height: 60,\n    borderRadius: 30,\n    backgroundColor: 'blue',\n    position: 'relative',\n  },\n  container: {\n    flex: 1,\n    justifyContent: 'center',\n    alignItems: 'center'\n  }\n});"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite the SQL query below using LINQ in C#.",
            "input": "SELECT * FROM Employees WHERE Age > 30",
            "output": "var query = from employee in Employees\n             where employee.Age > 30\n             select employee;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an equation that calculates the volume of an sphere given the radius.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "V = (4/3) * (\ud835\udf45 * r^3)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Insert a record into a MySQL table named 'users' with the following data.",
            "input": "alice, 'alice123', 0",
            "output": "INSERT INTO users (name, password, status) VALUES ('alice', 'alice123', 0);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class called Rectangle that stores length and width.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nCreate a class called Rectangle that stores length and width\n\"\"\"\n\nclass Rectangle:\n    def __init__(self,length,width):\n        self.length = length\n        self.width = width\n    \n    def get_area(self):\n        return self.length * self.width\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    rec = Rectangle(2,3)\n    area = rec.get_area()\n    print(area)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes an array and sorts it in ascending order.",
            "input": "[9, 7, 4, 1, 8]",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nCreate a function that takes an array and sorts it in ascending order\n\"\"\"\n\ndef sort_ascending(array):\n    # Use selection sort to sort the array in ascending order\n    for i in range(len(array)):\n        min_value_index = i\n        for j in range(i+1, len(array)):\n            if array[j] < array[min_value_index]:\n                min_value_index = j\n        array[i], array[min_value_index] = array[min_value_index], array[i]\n    return array\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    array = [9, 7, 4, 1, 8]\n    result = sort_ascending(array)\n    print(result)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to rename all the elements in an array.",
            "input": "['car', 'bike', 'truck', 'bus']",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nCreate a function to rename all the elements in an array\n\"\"\"\n\ndef rename_array_elements(array):\n    # Replace the elements by their index + 1\n    for i in range(len(array)):\n        array[i] = 'Element ' + str(i+1)\n    return array\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    array = ['car', 'bike', 'truck', 'bus']\n    result = rename_array_elements(array)\n    print(result)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a dictionary that contains the usernames and passwords of three users.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nCreate a dictionary that contains the usernames and passwords of three users\n\"\"\"\n\n# Dictionary to store usernames and passwords\nusers = {\n    'user1': 'password1',\n    'user2': 'password2',\n    'user3': 'password3'\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML table containing two columns, id and name.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<table>\n    <tr>\n        <th>Id</th>\n        <th>Name</th>\n    </tr>\n</table>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a regex expression to detect the pattern \"cat\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The regex expression to detect the pattern \"cat\" is /cat/g"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write pseudocode to delete the last repeating character in an input string.",
            "input": "text = \"Bubble\"",
            "output": "SET cur_char to empty\n        SET start_idx to empty\n        FOR i=0 to length of text\n            IF text[i] is same as cur_char\n                start_idx = i\n            ELSE\n               cur_char = text[i]\n        DELETE character from start_idx + 1 to text length"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Solve the following three equations: -6x + 6y = 12, -3x + 9y = 33 and -2x = 4y.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "x = 6 and y = 3"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Provide an example of a valid C++ program to print the first 10 numbers of the Fibonacci sequence.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n \nusing namespace std;\n \nint main()\n{\n    int n1 = 0, n2 = 1, n3, i, number;\n \n    cout << \"Enter the number of elements: \";\n    cin >> number;\n    cout << n1 << \" \" << n2 << \" \";\n \n    for (i = 2; i < number; ++i)\n    {\n        n3 = n1 + n2;\n        cout << n3 << \" \";\n        n1 = n2;\n        n2 = n3;\n    }\n    return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a query in MySQL to join three tables: customers, orders and products.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT products.name, customers.name \nFROM customers\nJOIN orders ON customers.id = orders.customer_id\nJOIN products ON orders.product_id = products.id;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a HTML page which displays the text \"Hello World!\"",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n  <head>\n    <title>Hello World!</title>\n  </head>\n  <body>\n    <h1>Hello World!</h1>\n  </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Build a function to convert a given string to uppercase letters.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def to_uppercase(s): \n  return s.upper()"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Provide an example of a valid JavaScript statement which executes the expression 3 + 2.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "console.log(3 + 2);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class in C++ which stores the data of a car.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Car {\n  private:\n    string make;\n    string model;\n    int year;\n    int price;\n\n  public:\n    Car(string make, string model, int year, int price) {\n      this->make = make;\n      this->model = model;\n      this->year = year;\n      this->price = price;\n    }\n\n    string getMake() {\n      return make;\n    }\n\n    string getModel() {\n      return model;\n    }\n\n    int getYear() {\n        return year;\n    }\n\n    int getPrice() {\n      return price;\n    }\n};"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a correct SQL query to get the list of orders placed by customer with id 11.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT o.order_id, o.order_date \nFROM orders o \nWHERE o.customer_id = 11;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is a tuple in Python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A tuple is an immutable sequence of elements which can contain items of different data types. Tuples are like lists but are surrounded by parentheses instead of square brackets. Unlike lists, tuples are not mutable and their elements cannot be changed or removed once created."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in JavaScript to use the reduce function to count the occurrences of an element in an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function countOccurrences(array, value){\n  return array.reduce((a, v) => v === value ? a + 1 : a + 0, 0);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an algorithm to check if a given number is prime.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def is_prime(n): \n  if n <= 1: \n    return False\n  for i in range(2, n): \n    if n % i == 0: \n      return False\n  return True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate HTML to display a table with 3 rows and 4 columns.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<table>\n  <tr>\n    <td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>\n  </tr>\n</table>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Ruby to find the difference between two arrays.",
            "input": "array1 = [1, 2, 3]\narray2 = [2, 3, 4]",
            "output": "def difference(array1, array2)\n  array1 - array2\nend"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code in Java to print all the characters from 'a' to 'z'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class PrintCharacters {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        for (char c = 'a'; c <= 'z'; c++) \n            System.out.print(c + \" \"); \n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop a function in Python to find the maximum element in a given array.",
            "input": "array = [10, 20, 4]",
            "output": "def find_max_element(arr):\n    max_element = arr[0]\n    \n    for num in arr:\n        if num > max_element:\n            max_element = num\n    \n    return max_element   \n\narr = [10, 20, 4]\nmax_element = find_max_element(arr)\n\nprint(max_element) # 20"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code in C++ that copies a string from one memory location to another.",
            "input": "src = \"Hello World!\"\ndst = \"\"",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n#include <cstring>\n \nusing namespace std;\n \nint main () {\n    \n  char src[100] = \"Hello World!\"; \n  char dst[100]; \n \n  strcpy(dst, src); \n  \n  cout << \"Source string: \" << src << endl;\n  cout << \"Destination string: \" << dst << endl;\n  \n  return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a code in Python to check if a number is odd or even.",
            "input": "n = 5",
            "output": "def is_odd_or_even(n):\n    if n % 2 == 0:\n        return \"even\"\n    else:\n        return \"odd\"\n\nn = 5\nresult = is_odd_or_even(n)\nprint(result)    # odd"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a code in Python to convert inches to centimeters.",
            "input": "inches = 10",
            "output": "def inches_to_centimeters(inches):\n    return inches * 2.54\n\ninches = 10\nresult = inches_to_centimeters(inches)\nprint(result)    # 25.4"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Devise a code in C++ to print the Fibonacci series up to a given number.",
            "input": "n = 5",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nvoid printFibonacciSeries(int n) \n{ \n    int a = 0, b = 1; \n    while (a <= n) \n    { \n        cout << a << \" \"; \n        int sum = a + b; \n        a = b; \n        b = sum; \n    } \n} \n\nint main() \n{ \n    int n = 5; \n    printFibonacciSeries(n); \n    return 0; \n}\n// Output: 0 1 1 2 3 5"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code in Java to insert an element at a specific index in an array.",
            "input": "arr = [1, 2, 5], element = 8, index = 2",
            "output": "public class InsertAtIndex {\n\tpublic static int[] insertAtIndex(int[] arr, int element, int index) {\n\t\tint[] result = new int[arr.length + 1];\n\t\tSystem.arraycopy(arr, 0, result, 0, index);\n\t\tresult[index] = element;\n\t\tSystem.arraycopy(arr, index, result, index + 1, arr.length - index);\n\t\treturn result;\n\t}\n\t\n\tpublic static void main(String[] args) {\n\t\tint[] arr = {1, 2, 5};\n\t\tint element = 8;\n\t\tint index = 2; \n\t\tint[] result = insertAtIndex(arr, element, index);\n\t\tSystem.out.println(Arrays.toString(result)); // [1, 2, 8, 5]\n\t}\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop a code in Python to calculate the sum of diagonal elements of a matrix.",
            "input": "matrix = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]",
            "output": "def sum_diagonal(matrix):\n    sum = 0\n    \n    for i in range(len(matrix)):\n        sum = sum + matrix[i][i]\n    return sum\n\nmatrix = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]] \nresult = sum_diagonal(matrix)\n\nprint(result) # 15"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a code in C# to convert an array of strings to an array of integers.",
            "input": "arr = [\"1\", \"2\", \"5\"]",
            "output": "public static int[] ConvertStringsToInts(string[] arr) \n{ \n    int[] result = Array.ConvertAll(arr, s => int.Parse(s)); \n    return result;\n}\n\nstring[] arr = {\"1\", \"2\", \"5\"};\nint[] result = ConvertStringsToInts(arr);\n\nConsole.WriteLine(string.Join(\",\", result)); // 1,2,5"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a code in Java to remove all duplicates from a given array.",
            "input": "arr = [1, 2, 5, 2, 6, 5]",
            "output": "public class RemoveDuplicates {\n\tpublic static int[] removeDuplicates(int[] arr) {\n\t\tSet<Integer> set = new LinkedHashSet<>(); \n\t\tfor (int num : arr) {\n\t\t\tset.add(num); \n\t\t}\n\t\treturn set.stream().mapToInt(i -> i).toArray();\n\t}\n\t\n\tpublic static void main(String[] args) {\n\t\tint[] arr = {1,2,5,2,6,5};\n\t\tint[] result = removeDuplicates(arr);\n\t\tSystem.out.println(Arrays.toString(result)); // [1, 2, 5, 6]\n\t}\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a code in JavaScript to reverse a string.",
            "input": "str = \"Computer\"",
            "output": "function reverseString(str) {\n    return str.split(\"\").reverse().join(\"\");\n}\n\nstr = \"Computer\";\nresult = reverseString(str);\n\nconsole.log(result); // retupmoC"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop a code in Java to find the second largest element in an array.",
            "input": "arr = [10, 25, 15, 5]",
            "output": "public class SecondLargest {\n\tpublic static int findSecondLargest(int[] arr) {\n\t\tint max = Integer.MIN_VALUE;\n\t\tint secondMax = Integer.MIN_VALUE;\n\t\tfor (int num : arr) {\n\t\t\tif (num > max) {\n\t\t\t\tsecondMax = max;\n\t\t\t\tmax = num;\t\t\t\n\t\t\t} else if (num > secondMax) { \n\t\t\t\tsecondMax = num;\n\t\t\t}\t\n\t\t}\t\n\t\treturn secondMax;\n\t}\n\t\n\tpublic static void main(String[] args) {\n\t\tint[] arr = {10, 25, 15, 5};\n\t\tint result = findSecondLargest(arr);\n\t\tSystem.out.println(result); // 15\n\t}\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "List a few techniques to reduce overfitting in a machine learning model.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "1. Regularization: This is a technique which applies a penalty to the coefficients used in a model to reduce the chances of overfitting by setting unnecessary weights to zero.\n2. Data Augmentation: This technique generates new data from existing data to address the difference between training and test dataset.\n3. Cross-Validation: This technique divides the dataset into training and validation sets. Using this technique, the model can be tested on different subsets of data which can prevent the model from learning correlations from sample data.\n4. Early Stopping: This technique monitors the improvement in model accuracy over a set of epochs and stops the algorithm from running when its accuracy stops improving."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an API in Python that takes an integer n and return the nth Fibonacci number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def fibonacci(n): \n    a = 0\n    b = 1\n    if n < 0: \n        print(\"Incorrect input\") \n    elif n == 0: \n        return a \n    elif n == 1: \n        return b \n    else: \n        for _ in range(2,n): \n            c = a + b \n            a = b \n            b = c \n        return b"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What does the HTML tag \u201c<pre>\u201d do?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The HTML tag <pre> defines preformatted text. This displays the text in a fixed-width font and preserves both spaces and line breaks. This tag is commonly used to display code snippets in webpages."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Determine the result of the following C++ code.",
            "input": "#include <iostream>\n\nint main() \n{ \n    int x = 4; \n    int y = (x++) + (x) + (x*x); \n    std::cout << y; \n    return 0; \n}",
            "output": "The result of the code is 24. x is first incremented to 5, then added to itself with the result 10. Finally, the value of x is squared, resulting in 25. Adding these three values together yields 24."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Python to convert both Fahrenheit and Celsius temperature to Kelvin.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def convert_temp(temp, unit='C'):\n    if unit == 'F':\n        temp = (temp - 32) * (5/9) + 273.15\n    elif unit == 'C':\n        temp = temp + 273.15\n    else:\n        print ('Invalid unit')\n    return temp"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Is the following program correctly written in C++?",
            "input": "#include <iostream>\n\n int main()\n{\n    int x = 10;\n    if (x < 20)\n        if (x > 10){\n            cout << x;\n        }\n    return 0;\n}",
            "output": "No, the program is not correctly written. The \"if\" statement is missing its opening curly brace, which will cause a compilation error. The correct code would be: \n\n#include <iostream>\n\n int main()\n{\n    int x = 10;\n    if (x < 20){  //add { here\n        if (x > 10){\n            cout << x;\n        }\n    }    // add } here\n    return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a random 6-digit number in Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import random\n\nrandom_number = random.randint(100000, 999999)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a query in MySQL to sort the contents of a table in descending order.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name DESC;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the differences between Java and JavaScript.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Java and JavaScript are two different programming languages. Java is a general-purpose object-oriented language used for building enterprise applications, while JavaScript is a scripting language used primarily for front-end web development. Java is statically-typed, meaning all variables need to be declared before they can be used, while JavaScript is dynamically-typed and variables are not declared. Java applications need to be compiled before they can be run, while JavaScript code is interpreted at run-time. Additionally, Java has access to many libraries that JavaScript does not."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rearrange the following Linked List in ascending order.",
            "input": "15 -> 20 -> 35 -> 31 -> 12",
            "output": "12 -> 15 -> 20 -> 31 -> 35"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suggest a RegEx pattern for validating email addresses.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to list the top 5 customers based on the amount spent.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT TOP 5 customer_name, SUM(amount_spent) as Total_Spent\nFROM customers\nGROUP BY customer_name\nORDER BY Total_Spent DESC;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is an associative array in PHP?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "An associative array in PHP is a type of array that uses named keys to store its values. It is an object-based programming language and its data structure is based on the key-value pair. An associative array can store as many elements as required and does not have a predefined length. It is used to store data in key-value pairs, and the associative array uses this key-value pair to fetch the required data."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes two strings and returns a new string with characters sorted in alphabetical order.",
            "input": "string1 = 'garden'\nstring2 = 'electric'",
            "output": "def sort_strings(string1, string2): \n    string = string1 + string2\n    return ''.join(sorted(string))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a sorting algorithm to find the smallest item in a list.",
            "input": "list = [3, 5, 7, 1, 2, 4]",
            "output": "def find_smallest(list):\n    smallest = list[0]\n    for i in list:\n        if i < smallest:\n            smallest = i\n    return smallest"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a code that reverses a given string.",
            "input": "string = \"Hello\"",
            "output": "def reverse_string(str):\n    reversed_str = \"\"\n    for i in range(len(str)-1, -1, -1):\n        reversed_str += str[i]\n    return reversed_str"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program that searches for a given element in a list.",
            "input": "list = [1, 3, 7, 5, 4, 9]\nelement = 5",
            "output": "def search(list, element):\n    for i in list:\n        if i == element:\n            return True\n    return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a python program to find out if a string is a palindrome or not.",
            "input": "string = \"racecar\"",
            "output": "def is_palindrome(string):\n    for i in range(len(string)//2):\n        if string[i] != string[len(string)-1-i]:\n            return False\n    return True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compute the median of an array of integers.",
            "input": "arr = [7, 2, 8, 9, 12, 5, 4]",
            "output": "def median(arr):\n    arr.sort()\n    if len(arr) % 2 == 0:\n        return (arr[len(arr)//2] + arr[len(arr)//2-1])//2\n    else:\n        return arr[len(arr)//2]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design an algorithm to decide whether a given number is prime or not.",
            "input": "num = 17",
            "output": "def is_prime(num):\n  for i in range(2, num):\n    if num % i == 0:\n      return False\n  return True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Output the intersection of two given arrays.",
            "input": "arr1 = [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\narr2 = [4, 6, 8, 9]",
            "output": "def intersection(arr1, arr2):\n    result = []\n    for i in arr1:\n        for j in arr2:\n            if i == j and i not in result:\n                result.append(i)\n    return result"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the frequency of a character in a given string.",
            "input": "string = \"Python\"\nchar = \"o\"",
            "output": "def count_occurrence(string, char):\n    count = 0\n    for i in string:\n        if i == char:\n            count += 1\n    return count"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a new list from an existing list that removes all the elements from the existing list that are divisible by 2.",
            "input": "my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]",
            "output": "my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n\nnew_list = [item for item in my_list if item % 2 != 0]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a try-except block to catch a ValueError when performing a Type conversion.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "try:\n  value = int(input_string)\nexcept ValueError:\n  print(\"The input cannot be converted to an int!\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Pandas DataFrame from a dictionary of lists.",
            "input": "my_dict = {'subject':['maths','science','english'], 'marks': [80,90,85]}",
            "output": "import pandas as pd\n\nmy_dict = {'subject':['maths','science','english'], 'marks': [80,90,85]}\ndf = pd.DataFrame(my_dict)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to compute the dot product between two vectors.",
            "input": "vec1 = [1, 2, 3]\nvec2 = [4, 5, 6]",
            "output": "def dot_product(vec1, vec2):\n  return sum(a*b for a,b in zip(vec1,vec2))\n\ndot_product(vec1, vec2)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a neural network model using keras that has three layers and first layer is an input layer with 10 neurons followed by two dense layers with 8 and 5 neurons respectively.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "from keras.models import Sequential\nfrom keras.layers import Dense\n\nmodel = Sequential([\n    Dense(10, input_shape=(10,), activation='relu'),\n    Dense(8, activation='relu'),\n    Dense(5, activation='linear')\n])"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a DataFrame from a given list that contains 6 pairs of customer, store information.",
            "input": "customer_data = [[1, 'store1'], [2, 'store2'], [3, 'store3'], [4, 'store1'], [5, 'store2'], [6, 'store3']]",
            "output": "import pandas as pd\n\ncustomer_data = [[1, 'store1'], [2, 'store2'], [3, 'store3'], [4, 'store1'], [5, 'store2'], [6, 'store3']]\ndf = pd.DataFrame(customer_data, columns=['customer_id', 'store'])"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Count the occurrences of each alphabet in a given string.",
            "input": "phrase = \u201cThe quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog\u201d",
            "output": "import collections\n\nphrase = \u201cThe quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog\u201d\n\ncounts = collections.Counter(phrase.lower().replace(\" \",\"\"))\n\n# The output is {'t': 2, 'h': 2, 'e': 3, 'q': 1, 'u': 1, 'i': 1, 'c': 1, 'k': 1, 'b': 1, 'r': 2, 'o': 3, 'w': 1, 'n': 1, 'f': 1, 'x': 1, 'j': 1, 'm': 1, 'p': 1, 's': 1, 'v': 1, 'l': 1, 'a': 1, 'z': 1, 'y': 1, 'd': 1, 'g': 1}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a regular expression to match the following pattern.",
            "input": "pattern = r'(\\d{1,2}-[a-z]{3}-\\d{4})'",
            "output": "import re\n\npattern = r'(\\d{1,2}-[a-z]{3}-\\d{4})'\n# This pattern will match strings in the following form: xx-aaa-yyyy\n\nre.match(pattern, '23-feb-2021')"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JSON object from a given dictionary.",
            "input": "my_dict = {'name':'John','age':28,'hobbies':['swimming','reading','gaming']}",
            "output": "import json\n\nmy_dict = {'name':'John','age':28,'hobbies':['swimming','reading','gaming']}\nmy_json = json.dumps(my_dict)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "You are given a list of integers and you need to sort them in descending order.",
            "input": "[5, 4, 9, 6, 8]",
            "output": "[9, 8, 6, 5, 4]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python program to find the longest palindromic substring in a given string.",
            "input": "elobootjr",
            "output": "oot"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Detect if a given tree is a binary search tree or not.",
            "input": "[15, 10, 20, 8, 12, 18, 24]",
            "output": "true"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to generate a random password with a combination of letters, numbers and symbols.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import string \nimport random\n  \ndef generate_password(length): \n    letters_str = string.ascii_letters \n    numbers_str = string.digits \n    symbols_str = string.punctuation\n  \n    combined_str = letters_str + numbers_str + symbols_str\n    combined_count = len(combined_str) \n  \n    password = \"\"\n    for x in range(length): \n        password += random.choice(combined_str) \n  \n    return password"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Format a string so that it can used as a URL.",
            "input": "This is a longer string",
            "output": "this-is-a-longer-string"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to find the most frequent character in a given string.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def find_most_frequent_character(s): \n    max_count = 0\n    ch = \"\" \n    for i in range(len(s)): \n        curr_count = 1\n        for j in range(i + 1, len(s)): \n            if (s[i] == s[j]): \n                curr_count += 1\n        if (curr_count > max_count): \n            max_count = curr_count \n            ch = s[i]\n    return ch"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to find the depth of a given binary tree.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def find_max_depth(root):\n    if root is None:\n        return 0\n    else:\n        left_max_depth = find_max_depth(root.left)\n        right_max_depth = find_max_depth(root.right)\n        return max(left_max_depth, right_max_depth) + 1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "You are given a list of numbers, please find the median.",
            "input": "[1, 5, 7, 8, 2, 3]",
            "output": "4"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to check if a given string is an anagram.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def isAnagram(str1, str2):\n    if len(str1) != len(str2):\n        return False\n    freq = [0] * 26\n    count = 0\n    for i in range(len(str1)):\n        freq[ord(str1[i]) % 97] += 1\n        freq[ord(str2[i]) % 97] -= 1\n        if freq[ord(str1[i]) % 97] == 0:\n            count += 1 \n        if freq[ord(str2[i]) % 97] == 0:\n            count += 1\n    if count == 52:\n        return True\n    return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a regex expression to match the following pattern: [A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9]{3}.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "^[A-Za-z][A-Za-z0-9]{3}$"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to print all permutations of a given string.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def find_permutations(s):\n    if len(s) == 0:\n        return [s]\n    permutations = []\n    for i in range(len(s)):\n        for j in (find_permutations(s[0:i] + s[i+1:])):\n            permutations.append(s[i] + j)\n    return permutations"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a string of length n by alternating lower and upper case characters.",
            "input": "n = 5",
            "output": "myStr = \"\"\n\nfor i in range(n):\n    if (i % 2 == 0):\n        myStr = myStr + \"A\"\n    else:\n        myStr = myStr + \"a\"\n\nprint(myStr)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python program to convert a given string to a list of characters.",
            "input": "s = \"abcdef\"",
            "output": "list = list(s)\n\nprint(list)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to format a number up to specified decimal places.",
            "input": "num = 3.45212\ndecimal_places = 4",
            "output": "function format_num(num, decimal_places) {\n  return num.toFixed(decimal_places);\n}\n\nconsole.log(format_num(num, decimal_places));"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML snippet for a simple table with three columns and two rows.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<table>\n  <tr>\n    <th>Column 1</th>\n    <th>Column 2</th>\n    <th>Column 3</th>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Row 1, Cell 1</td>\n    <td>Row 1, Cell 2</td>\n    <td>Row 1, Cell 3</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>Row 2, Cell 1</td>\n    <td>Row 2, Cell 2</td>\n    <td>Row 2, Cell 3</td>\n  </tr>\n</table>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate all possible permutations of a list of numbers.",
            "input": "numbers = [1,2,3]",
            "output": "import itertools \n  \nperm = itertools.permutations(numbers) \n  \nfor i in list(perm): \n    print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Parse a URL and extract the hostname and path.",
            "input": "url = \"https://www.example.com/path/to/resource\"",
            "output": "import urlparse\n \nparsed_url = urlparse.urlparse(url)\n \nhostname = parsed_url.netloc\npath = parsed_url.path\n \nprint(\"Hostname:\" + hostname)\nprint(\"Path: \" + path)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a Fibonacci sequence.",
            "input": "n = 10",
            "output": "# Fibonacci Series using Dynamic Programming \ndef fibonacci(n): \n    # Taking 1st two fibonacci numbers as 0 and 1 \n    FibArray = [0, 1] \n      \n    while len(FibArray) < n + 1: \n        FibArray.append(FibArray[len(FibArray) - 1] + FibArray[len(FibArray) - 2]) \n    return FibArray[n] \n\n# Driver Program \nprint(fibonacci(10))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using the given code, convert it to create an app view controller with a label.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import UIKit\n\nclass MyViewController: UIViewController {\n    \n    //Create Label\n    let label: UILabel = {\n        let label = UILabel()\n        label.textColor = .black\n        label.textAlignment = .center\n        label.text = \"Hello, World!\"\n        label.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false\n        \n        return label\n    }()\n    \n    override func viewDidLoad() {\n        super.viewDidLoad()\n        \n        view.addSubview(label)\n        \n        //Set Label constraints\n        NSLayoutConstraint.activate([\n            label.centerXAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerXAnchor),\n            label.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.centerYAnchor)\n        ])\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a rust function to sort a given array.",
            "input": "A = [3, 4, 1, 2]",
            "output": "fn sort(arr: &mut[i32]) {\n    let curr_size = arr.len();\n\n    for i in 0..<curr_size {\n        let mut j = 0;\n    \n        while j < curr_size - i - 1 {\n            \n            if arr[j] >= arr[j + 1] {\n                let temp = arr[j];\n                arr[j] = arr[j+1];\n                arr[j+1] = temp;\n            }\n\n            j += 1;\n        }\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate SQL query to display the average unit price from the orders table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT AVG(unitPrice)\nFROM orders;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Java program to swap two numbers without using a third variable.",
            "input": "int a = 5;\nint b = 3;",
            "output": "public class Main {\n  public static void main(String[] args) {\n    int a = 5;\n    int b = 3;\n\n    a = a + b; // a = 8, b = 3 \n    b = a - b; // a = 8, b = 5\n    a = a - b; // a = 3, b = 5\n\n    System.out.println(\"a: \" + a);\n    System.out.println(\"b: \" + b);\n  }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a HTML code block to display a heading.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<h1>Heading</h1>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Python to extract the first element of a list.",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "def first_element(list):\n  return list[0]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate an SQL query to find the number of customers from the US.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT COUNT(*)\nFROM customers\nWHERE country = 'US';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a simple Python program to calculate the time taken to make a given number of cupcakes.",
            "input": "number of cupcakes = 13\nbaking time = 12 minutes",
            "output": "number_of_cupcakes = 13\nbaking_time = 12\n\ntotal_time = number_of_cupcakes * baking_time\n\nprint(\"Total time to make 13 cupcakes:\", total_time, \"minutes\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct an SQL query to select the first 5 customers from the customers table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT *\nFROM customers\nLIMIT 5;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an SQL query that returns all employees in the company.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT *\nFROM Employees"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python class called 'Vector3' that represents a 3-dimensional vector.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Vector3:\n\n    def __init__(self, x, y, z):\n        self.x = x\n        self.y = y\n        self.z = z\n\n    def length(self):\n        return (self.x**2 + self.y**2 + self.z**2)**0.5\n\n    def __add__(self, other):\n        return Vector3(self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y, self.z + other.z)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to find the names of all employees who have been hired since 2018.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT name FROM employee\nWHERE hire_date > '2018-01-01';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a CSS selector that selects all p tags with the class name \"info\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "p.info{\n    //css style\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in JavaScript that calculates the area of an equilateral triangle given the length of a side.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function areaEquilateralTriangle(sideLength){\n    let base = sideLength\n    let height = (sideLength * (Math.sqrt(3)))/2\n    let area = (base * height)/2\n    return area;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a dynamic HTML page using PHP that shows the current date and time.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<?php\n$date = date('d-m-Y');\n$time = date('h:i:s a');\n?>\n \n<html>\n<head>\n<title>Current Date and Time</title>\n</head>\n<body>\n<h1>The current date is <?php echo $date; ?> and the current time is <?php echo $time; ?>.</h1>\n</body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the code to make the animals speak in pig latin.",
            "input": "let animals = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"mouse\"]\n \nanimals.forEach(animal => console.log(`I am a ${animal}`))",
            "output": "let animals = [\"atcay\", \"ogday\", \"ousemay\"]\n\nanimals.forEach(animal => console.log(`I am a ${animal}`))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a CSS class for a button with a rounded corner.",
            "input": "",
            "output": ".rounded-button {\n    padding: 10px 30px;\n    border-radius: 40px;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using regular expressions, change all the vowels in a given sentence to uppercase.",
            "input": "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog",
            "output": "ThE qUIck brOwn fOx jUmpS OvEr thE lAzY dOg"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create and execute a python script to generate a fibonacci sequence of length 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def generate_fibonacci_sequence(length):\n  a, b = 0, 1\n  sequence = []\n  for _ in range(length):\n    a, b = b, a + b\n    sequence.append(a)\n  return sequence\n\nprint(generate_fibonacci_sequence(10))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use Javascript toggles to hide/reveal the text.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<script>\nfunction toggleVisible(buttonId, textId) {\n  var text = document.getElementById(textId);\n  var button = document.getElementById(buttonId);\n  if (text.style.display === \"none\") {\n    text.style.display = \"block\";\n    button.innerHTML = \"Hide\";\n  } else {\n    text.style.display = \"none\";\n    button.innerHTML = \"Show\";\n  }\n}\n</script>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java method that checks if a given number is a prime number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static boolean isPrime(int num)\n{\nif (num <= 1) \n return false;\n\nfor (int i = 2; i < Math.sqrt(num); i++) \n if (num % i == 0) \n  return false;\n\nreturn true;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a shell script to print the name of the current working directory.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#!/bin/sh\n\necho $(PWD)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given an array of integers, write a function to calculate and return the sum of all elements.",
            "input": "arr = [2, 5, 7, 9, 10]",
            "output": "def sum_of_elements(arr):\n    sum = 0\n    for each_element in arr:\n        sum += each_element\n    return sum"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Divide an array of integers into two parts, such that the sum of elements in each part is the same.",
            "input": "arr = [3, 1, 4, 2, 2, 1]",
            "output": "def equal_sum(arr): \n    n = len(arr) \n  \n    total_sum = 0; \n    for i in range(n): \n        total_sum += arr[i] \n  \n    half_sum = total_sum // 2\n    subset_sum = [True for _ in range(half_sum + 1)] \n  \n    for i in range(half_sum + 1): \n        subset_sum[i] = False\n  \n    for i in range(n): \n        for j in range(half_sum, arr[i] - 1, -1):\n            if (subset_sum[j - arr[i]]): \n                subset_sum[j] = True\n  \n    if (subset_sum[half_sum]):\n        print(\"The given array can be divided into two equal parts\") \n    else:\n        print(\"The given array can not be divided into two equal parts\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to convert a Binary Tree into a linked list in each depth. Tree is defined as:",
            "input": "# Definition for a binary tree node.\nclass TreeNode:\n    def __init__(self, x):\n        self.val = x\n        self.left = None\n        self.right = None",
            "output": "def tree_to_list(root):\n    if root is None:\n        return\n    result = []\n    current = []\n    current.append(root)\n    while current:\n        result.append(current)\n        parents = current\n        current = []\n        for parent in parents:\n            if parent.left:\n                current.append(parent.left)\n            if parent.right:\n                current.append(parent.right)\n    return result"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to delete a given node in a binary search tree.",
            "input": "# Definition for a binary tree node.\nclass TreeNode:\n    def __init__(self, x):\n        self.val = x\n        self.left = None\n        self.right = None",
            "output": "def delete_node(root, key):\n    # Base Case \n    if root is None: \n        return root  \n  \n    # If the key to be deleted is smaller than  \n    # the root's key then it lies in left subtree \n    if key < root.val: \n        root.left = delete_node(root.left, key) \n  \n    # If the kye to be delete is greater than the  \n    # root's key then it lies in right subtree \n    elif(key > root.val): \n        root.right = delete_node(root.right, key) \n  \n    # If key is same as root's key, then this is the node \n    # to be deleted \n    else: \n        # Node with only one child or no child \n        if root.left is None : \n            temp = root.right  \n            root = None \n            return temp  \n              \n        elif root.right is None : \n            temp = root.left  \n            root = None\n            return temp \n  \n        # Node with two children: Get the inorder successor  \n        # (smallest in the right subtree) \n        temp = minValueNode(root.right) \n  \n        # Copy the inorder successor's content to this node \n        root.val = temp.val \n  \n        # Delete the inorder successor \n        root.right = delete_node(root.right , temp.val) \n  \n  \n    return root"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Binary search is a technique for efficiently finding an element in a sorted array. Implement a binary search algorithm in Python.",
            "input": "arr = [2, 4, 7, 8, 10, 15, 20]\ntarget = 15",
            "output": "def binary_search(arr, target):\n    left = 0\n    right = len(arr)-1\n    while left <= right:\n        mid = (left + right)//2\n        if target == arr[mid]:\n            return mid\n        elif target > arr[mid]:\n            left = mid + 1\n        else:\n            right = mid - 1\n    return -1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a basic spell checker.",
            "input": "words = [\"their\", \"theif\", \"they\", \"thear\", \"theor\", \"thei\"",
            "output": "def spell_checker(words):\n    correct_words = [\"their\", \"they\", \"theor\"]\n    correction = []\n    for word in words:\n        if word not in correct_words:\n            min_distance = float('inf')\n            best_correction = ''\n            for correct_word in correct_words:\n                distance = edit_distance(word, correct_word)\n                if(distance < min_distance):\n                    min_distance = distance\n                    best_correction = correct_word\n            correction.append([word, best_correction])\n    return correction"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given an array of strings, write a function to group anagrams together.",
            "input": "arr = [ \"eat\", \"tea\", \"tan\", \"ate\", \"nat\", \"bat\"]",
            "output": "def group_anagrams(arr):\n    anagrams = dict()\n    for word in arr:\n        key = ''.join(sorted(word))\n        if key in anagrams:\n            anagrams[key].append(word)\n        else:\n            anagrams[key] = [word]\n    return list(anagrams.values())"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to print all the paths from a root node to its leaves in a Binary Tree.",
            "input": "# Definition for a binary tree node.\nclass TreeNode:\n    def __init__(self, x):\n        self.val = x\n        self.left = None\n        self.right = None",
            "output": "def print_paths(root):\n    if not root:\n        return\n    paths = list()\n    get_all_paths(root, [], paths)\n    return paths\n\ndef get_all_paths(node, current, paths):\n    if not node:\n        return\n\n    current.append(node)\n    if not node.left and not node.right:\n        paths.append([node.val for node in current])\n    else:\n        get_all_paths(node.left, current, paths)\n        get_all_paths(node.right, current, paths)\n    current.pop()"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a binary tree, write a function to compute the height or depth of the tree.",
            "input": "# Definition for a binary tree node.\nclass TreeNode:\n    def __init__(self, x):\n        self.val = x\n        self.left = None\n        self.right = None",
            "output": "def tree_height(root):\n    if root is None:\n        return 0\n    left_height = tree_height(root.left)\n    right_height = tree_height(root.right)\n    return max(left_height, right_height) + 1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given two binary trees, write a function to check if they are equal or not.",
            "input": "# Definition for a binary tree node.\nclass TreeNode:\n    def __init__(self, x):\n        self.val = x\n        self.left = None\n        self.right = None",
            "output": "def is_equal(root1, root2):\n    if root1 == None or root2 == None:\n        return root1 == root2\n    \n    return root1.val == root2.val and is_equal(root1.left, root2.left) and is_equal(root1.right, root2.right)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given two strings s1 and s2, write a function to check if edit distance between them is one or not.",
            "input": "s1 = \"cat\"\ns2 = \"bat\"",
            "output": "def is_edit_distance_one(s1, s2):\n    if abs(len(s1) - len(s2)) > 1:\n        return False\n    count = 0\n    i = 0\n    j = 0\n    while i < len(s1) and j < len(s2):\n        if s1[i] != s2[j]:\n            count += 1\n            if len(s1) > len(s2):\n                i += 1\n            elif len(s1) < len(s2):\n                j += 1\n            else:\n                i += 1\n                j += 1\n        else:\n            i += 1\n            j += 1\n    return count <= 1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement an algorithm to find the kth smallest element in an array.",
            "input": "arr = [7, 10, 8, 3, 4, 1, 5]\nk = 3",
            "output": "def kth_smallest_element(arr, k):\n    if k < 0 or k > len(arr):\n        return None\n\n    left, right = 0, len(arr) - 1\n    while left <= right:\n        pivot_idx = partition(arr, left, right)\n        if pivot_idx == k - 1:\n            return arr[pivot_idx]\n        elif pivot_idx > k - 1:\n            right = pivot_idx - 1\n        else:\n            left = pivot_idx + 1\n    return None\n\ndef partition(arr, left, right):\n    pivot_idx = (left + right) // 2\n    pivot_value = arr[pivot_idx]\n    swap(arr, pivot_idx, right)\n    idx = left\n    for i in range(left, right):\n        if arr[i] < pivot_value:\n            swap(arr, idx, i)\n            idx += 1\n    swap(arr, right, idx)\n    return idx\n\ndef swap(arr, i, j):\n    arr[i], arr[j] = arr[j], arr[i]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given an array of integers, write a function to find the longest subarray with equal number of 0s and 1s.",
            "input": "arr = [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1]",
            "output": "def longest_subarray(arr):\n    hash_map = {0: -1}\n    count = 0\n    longest_length = 0\n    start_index = 0\n    for i in range(len(arr)):\n        if arr[i] == 0:\n            count -= 1\n        else:\n            count += 1\n        if count in hash_map:\n            if longest_length < i - hash_map[count]:\n                longest_length = i - hash_map[count]\n                start_index = hash_map[count] + 1\n        else:\n            hash_map[count] = i\n    return arr[start_index: start_index + longest_length]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Define a Python function that takes two input lists of points and return the Euclidean distance between them.",
            "input": "point1 = [3, 4]\npoint2 = [10, 11]",
            "output": "def get_euclidean_distance(point1, point2):\n  return ((point2[0] - point1[0])**2 + (point2[1] - point1[1])**2) ** 0.5"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the name of the module used in Python to serialize data?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The module used in Python to serialize data is called the pickle module."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python loop to iterate over the following list and print every element.",
            "input": "my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "for item in my_list:\n    print(item)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you access the value \"welcome\" from the following dictionary?",
            "input": "my_dict = { \n    'title': 'example dictionary',\n    'message': 'welcome'\n }",
            "output": "my_dict['message']"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a 2D matrix, return the coordinates of the border elements.",
            "input": "matrix = [\n    [0, 1, 0, 0],\n    [1, 1, 1, 1],\n    [0, 1, 0, 0],\n]",
            "output": "def get_border_coordinates(matrix):\n    border_coordinates = []\n    m = len(matrix)\n    n = len(matrix[0])\n    \n    for i in range(m):\n        border_coordinates.append((i, 0))\n        border_coordinates.append((i, n-1))\n    for j in range(n):\n        border_coordinates.append((0, j))\n        border_coordinates.append((m-1, j))\n    return border_coordinates"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a PHP program to print the current date and time.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<?php\n\necho date(\"F j, Y, g:i a\");\n\n?>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript function to compare two strings and determine if they are an anagram of each other.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function isAnagram(s1, s2) {\n  let characterMap1 = new Map();\n  let characterMap2 = new Map();\n\n  for (let char of s1) {\n    if (characterMap1.has(char)) {\n      characterMap1.set(char, characterMap1.get(char) + 1);\n    } else {\n      characterMap1.set(char, 1);\n    }\n  }\n\n  for (let char of s2) {\n    if (characterMap2.has(char)) {\n      characterMap2.set(char, characterMap2.get(char) + 1);\n    } else {\n      characterMap2.set(char, 1);\n    }\n  }\n\n  for (let char of characterMap1) {\n    if (!characterMap2.has(char[0]) || characterMap2.get(char[0]) !== char[1])\n      return false;\n  }\n\n  for (let char of characterMap2) {\n    if (!characterMap1.has(char[0]) || characterMap1.get(char[0]) !== char[1])\n      return false;\n  }\n  return true;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript program that takes a number, multiplies it by itself, and then prints the result.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function multiplyBySelf(num) {\n  console.log(num * num);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you print the length of a Python list?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The length of a Python list can be printed by using the built-in len() function. For example, \n\nmy_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(len(my_list)) \n\nwill output 3."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using Python, convert the string \"Hello World\" to uppercase.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "print(\"Hello World\".upper()) # HELLO WORLD"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using HTML, create a table with two columns and three rows.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<table>\n <tr>\n  <td>Row 1, Column 1</td>\n  <td>Row 1, Column 2</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n  <td>Row 2, Column 1</td>\n  <td>Row 2, Column 2</td>\n </tr>\n <tr>\n  <td>Row 3, Column 1</td>\n  <td>Row 3, Column 2</td>\n </tr>\n</table>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using Java, define a class called 'Car' that contains three fields, 'model', 'year', and 'price'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class Car {\n  private String model;\n  private int year;\n  private double price;\n  \n  // Getters and setters\n  public String getModel() { \n    return model; \n  }\n  \n  public void setModel(String model) {\n    this.model = model; \n  }\n  \n  public int getYear() { \n    return year; \n  }\n  \n  public void setYear(int year) {\n    this.year = year; \n  }\n  \n  public double getPrice() { \n    return price; \n  }\n  \n  public void setPrice(double price) {\n    this.price = price; \n  }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "In Python, how would you check if a given number is an even number?",
            "input": "42",
            "output": "if (num % 2 == 0):\n    print(\"The given number is an even number\")\nelse:\n    print(\"The given number is an odd number\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How would you use PHP to redirect a user to a different URL?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "header(\"Location: http://www.example.com/new-location\");"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the syntax for declaring an integer variable in C++?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "int x;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Understand the code and explain what it does:",
            "input": "b = [1,2,3]\nx = 0\nfor i in b:\n    x = x + i",
            "output": "This code is iterating over the list \"b\" which contains the elements 1, 2 and 3. The variable \"x\" is initialised with the value 0 and then on each iteration, \"x\" gets incremented by the value present at the current iteration index. In the end, the value of \"x\" will be the sum of all elements present in the list \"b\". So, after the loop terminates the value of x will be 6."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "In Python, what is the function used to create a tuple?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "tuple()"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using HTML, create a form with 3 fields and a submit button.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<form action=\"submit.php\">\n  <p>Name: <input type=\"text\" name=\"name\" /></p>\n  <p>Email: <input type=\"text\" name=\"email\" /></p>\n  <p>Country: <input type=\"text\" name=\"country\" /></p>\n  <p><input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\"/></p>\n</form>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "In Ruby, describe the syntax for looping through array elements.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "array = [1, 2, 3, 4]\n\narray.each do |element|\n  puts element\nend"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using JavaScript, how can you get the current date and time?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "var currentDate = new Date();\ndocument.write(currentDate);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How would you use SQL to select only distinct values from a table?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT DISTINCT column_name FROM table_name;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Ruby for loop to loop over each number in the range of 0 to 9.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for i in 0..9\n  puts i\nend"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to find the most populous city with a population greater than 10 million people in the USA.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT Name, Population\nFROM USA_Cities\nWHERE Population > 10000000\nORDER BY Population DESC\nLIMIT 1;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate HTML code to display a red block with the text \"Hello, World!\" in the center.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<div style=\"background-color: red; padding: 10px; text-align: center;\">\n  <p>Hello, World!</p>\n</div>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Java program to check if two strings are anagrams. Two strings are anagrams if they are an arrangement of same characters.",
            "input": "String s1 = \"listen\";\nString s2 = \"silent\";",
            "output": "public static boolean isAnagram(String s1, String s2) {\n    char[] ch1 = s1.toCharArray();\n    char[] ch2 = s2.toCharArray();\n    Arrays.sort(ch1);\n    Arrays.sort(ch2);\n    return Arrays.equals(ch1, ch2);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a HTML table with 5 columns to display data about a list of books.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<table>\n  <tr>\n    <th>Title</th>\n    <th>Author</th>\n    <th>Genre</th>\n    <th>Year</th>\n    <th>Pages</th>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>The Catcher in the Rye</td>\n    <td>J. D. Salinger</td>\n    <td>Bildungsroman</td>\n    <td>1951</td>\n    <td>277</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>1984</td>\n    <td>George Orwell</td>\n    <td>Dystopian</td>\n    <td>1949</td>\n    <td>328</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>The Great Gatsby</td>\n    <td>F. Scott Fitzgerald</td>\n    <td>Novel</td>\n    <td>1925</td>\n    <td>180</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>The Grapes of Wrath</td>\n    <td>John Steinbeck</td>\n    <td>Realism</td>\n    <td>1939</td>\n    <td>480</td>\n  </tr>\n  <tr>\n    <td>The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn</td>\n    <td>Mark Twain</td>\n    <td>Realism</td>\n    <td>1884</td>\n    <td>212</td>\n  </tr>\n</table>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a CSS animation to display a rotation of two colored disks in infinite loop.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "@keyframes rotate {\n    from {\n        transform: rotate(0deg);\n    }\n    to {\n        transform: rotate(360deg);\n    }\n}\n\n.disk-1 {\n    animation-name: rotate;\n    animation-duration: 3s;\n    animation-iteration-count: infinite;\n    background-color: #f00;\n}\n\n.disk-2 {\n    animation-name: rotate;\n    animation-duration: 3s;\n    animation-iteration-count: infinite;\n    background-color: #0f0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an Objective-C class that implements a queue data structure.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "@interface Queue: NSObject\n\n@property (nonatomic, strong) NSMutableArray* queueArray;\n\n- (instancetype)init;\n- (void)enqueue:(id)obj;\n- (id)dequeue;\n- (BOOL)isEmpty;\n\n@end\n\n@implementation Queue\n\n- (instancetype)init {\n    self = [super init];\n    if (self) {\n        self.queueArray = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];\n    }\n    return self;\n}\n\n- (void)enqueue:(id)obj {\n     [self.queueArray addObject: obj];\n}\n\n- (id)dequeue {\n     id element = nil;\n \n    if ([self.queueArray count] > 0) {\n        element = self.queueArray[0];\n        [self.queueArray removeObjectAtIndex: 0];\n    }\n \n    return element;\n}\n\n- (BOOL)isEmpty {\n    return [self.queueArray count] == 0;\n}\n\n@end"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Bash shell script to list the contents of the current directory.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#!/bin/bash\necho \"List of the current folder:\"\nls"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop a C++ program to check if two linked lists intersect at any given point.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "bool isIntersect(ListNode *list1, ListNode *list2)\n{\n    ListNode *cur1 = list1;\n    ListNode *cur2 = list2;\n \n    while (cur1 != NULL && cur2 != NULL)\n    {\n        if (cur1 == cur2)\n            return true;\n        cur1 = cur1->next;\n        cur2 = cur2->next;\n    }\n \n    return false;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate JavaScript code to remove the last item in an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let removeLastItem = (arr) => arr.pop();"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python function that takes two integers as argument and returns their product.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def product(x, y):\n    return x * y"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the following pseudocode into Python code.",
            "input": "Input: a positive integer n\n\ntotal \u2190 0\nodd \u2190 1\n\nwhile odd \u2264 n\n    total \u2190 total + odd\n    odd \u2190 odd + 2\n\nOutput: total",
            "output": "def calculate_sum_of_odds_up_to(n):\n  total = 0\n  odd = 1\n  while odd <= n:\n    total += odd\n    odd += 2\n  return total"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an algorithm to calculate the sum of two numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def sum(x, y):\n    return x + y"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Exchange the values of two variables in C.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "void exchange(int *a, int *b) {\n    int temp = *a;\n    *a = *b;\n    *b = temp;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to find all the records with a column value of 'A' in a table called 'TableName'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM TableName WHERE ColumnName = 'A';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to compute the sum of all elements in an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function computeSum(arr) {\n  let sum = 0;\n  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {\n    sum += arr[i];\n  }\n  return sum;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use the comment as a guide, complete the Java code.",
            "input": "public static void map(int[] array) {\n    // TODO: change all the elements in the array\n}",
            "output": "public static void map(int[] array) {\n    for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {\n        array[i] = array[i] + 1;\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to generate a string of random characters.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function randomString(length) {\n  let result = '';\n  const characters = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789';\n  const charactersLength = characters.length;\n  for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {\n     result += characters.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * charactersLength));\n  }\n  return result;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a method in Python to find the maximum element of an array.",
            "input": "[4, 2, 5, 3]",
            "output": "def find_max(array):\n    max_element = array[0]\n    for element in array:\n        if element > max_element:\n            max_element = element\n    return max_element"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a Python script that takes a list of integers and returns the unique elements of the list in the same order as they appear in the list.",
            "input": "[3, 4, 2, 5, 6, 4, 2, 3]",
            "output": "def find_unique_elements(arr):\n    elements = []\n    for el in arr:\n        if el not in elements:\n            elements.append(el)\n    return elements"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a function in Python to check that a word is a palindrome.",
            "input": "\"Anna\"",
            "output": "def is_palindrome(word):\n    x = 0\n    y = len(word) - 1\n    while x <= y:\n        if word[x] != word[y]:\n            return False\n        else:\n            x += 1\n            y -= 1\n    return True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit this Python function to reverse the elements in a list.",
            "input": "def reverse_list(list):\n    new_list = []\n    for i in range(len(list)):\n        new_list.append(list[i])\n    return new_list",
            "output": "def reverse_list(list):\n    new_list = []\n    for i in range(len(list)-1,-1,-1):\n        new_list.append(list[i])\n    return new_list"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python script to print all the prime numbers between 1 and a given number.",
            "input": "30",
            "output": "def is_prime(n): \n    if (n <= 1): \n        return False \n    if (n <= 3): \n        return True\n    if (n % 2 == 0 or n % 3 == 0): \n        return False \n    \n    i = 5\n    while(i * i <= n): \n        if (n % i == 0 or n % (i + 2) == 0): \n            return False \n        i = i + 6\n      \n    return True\n  \ndef print_primes(n):\n    for i in range(2,n+1):\n        if is_prime(i):\n            print(i, end = \" \")\n  \nprint_primes(30)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate Python code that finds all the possible combinations of items in a list.",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3]",
            "output": "def find_combinations(arr):\n    if len(arr) == 0:\n        return [[]]\n    else:\n        ans = []\n        for i in range(len(arr)):\n            comb = [arr[i]]\n            rest = arr[:i] + arr[i+1:]\n            for sub_comb in find_combinations(rest):\n                combs = [comb + sub_comb]\n                ans += combs\n        return ans"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python class to represent a circle object with its radius as a property.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Circle(object):\n    def __init__(self, radius):\n        self.radius = radius\n    \n    def get_radius(self):\n        return self.radius"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suggest a code snippet to count the occurrence of each unique letter of a string.",
            "input": "\"Hello\"",
            "output": "from collections import defaultdict\n\ndef count_letter_occurrences(str):\n    count_dict = defaultdict(int)\n    for letter in str:\n        count_dict[letter] += 1\n    return dict(count_dict)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an empty 2D array in Python with 4 columns and 3 rows.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "arr = [[0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0, 0]]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the number of combinations to choose 5 elements from a given set of 8 elements.",
            "input": "Set: {a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h}",
            "output": "The total number of combinations is 56."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Python to calculate the volume of a rectangular prism.",
            "input": "length = 10 cm, width = 4 cm, height = 4 cm",
            "output": "def volume(length, width, height):\n    return length * width * height\n\nvolume_result = volume(10, 4, 4) \nprint('Volume of a rectangular prism is:', volume_result)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a SQL query to select all rows with a name beginning with \"M\" from a given table.",
            "input": "Table name: users",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE 'M%';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite the given function in Python so that it uses recursion.",
            "input": "def add_numbers(n1, n2): \n    return n1+n2",
            "output": "def add_numbers(n1, n2): \n    if n2 == 0: \n        return n1 \n    return add_numbers(n1 + 1, n2 - 1)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a PHP script to validate an email address.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function validateEmail($email) {\n    return filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL); \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a HTML form with the following fields: Name, Contact Number, Email and Address.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<form action=\"\">\n   <label for=\"name\">Name</label>\n   <input type=\"text\" name=\"name\" id=\"name\">\n   <label for=\"contact\">Contact Number</label>\n   <input type=\"tel\" name=\"contact\" id=\"contact\">\n   <label for=\"email\">Email</label>\n   <input type=\"email\" name=\"email\" id=\"email\">\n   <label for=\"address\">Address</label>\n   <textarea name=\"address\" id=\"address\" rows=\"4\" cols=\"17\"></textarea>\n   <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\">\n</form>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Swift function to check if a String contains any character in lower case.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "func containsLowercase(_ string: String) -> Bool {\n    return string.rangeOfCharacter(from: CharacterSet.lowercaseLetters) != nil\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Reverse a given array of integers in Java.",
            "input": "int[] arr = {1,2,3,4,5}",
            "output": "public static int[] reverseArray(int[] arr) {\n    int max = arr.length-1;\n    int min = 0;\n    while (min < max){\n        int temp = arr[min];\n        arr[min] = arr[max];\n        arr[max] = temp;\n        min++;\n        max--;\n    }\n    return arr;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a secure 8-character alphanumerical password in JavaScript.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let password = '';\nfor (let i = 0; i < 8; i++) {\n    let randomElement = Math.floor(Math.random() * 36);\n    if (randomElement >= 0 && randomElement <= 9) {\n        password += randomElement;\n    } else {\n        password += String.fromCharCode(randomElement + 87);\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code in R to calculate the standard deviation of a given vector.",
            "input": "vec = c(4.5, 8.5, 10.5, 11.5, 15.5)",
            "output": "std_dev <- sd(vec)\nprint(std_dev)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a random number less than a given number in C++.",
            "input": "Max number: 100",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n#include <cstdlib>\n#include <ctime>\n \nint main() \n{ \n    int maxNumber = 100;\n    // Initialize random seed\n    srand(time(NULL));\n   \n    // Generate random number\n    int randomNumber = rand() % maxNumber; \n  \n    std::cout << randomNumber; \n    return 0; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to find the maximum element in a given array of integers in Java.",
            "input": "int[] arr = {5, 1, 8, 10, 4, 32}",
            "output": "public static int getMax(int[] arr) {\n    int max = arr[0];\n    for(int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) {\n        if(arr[i] > max) {\n            max = arr[i];\n        }\n    } \n    return max; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a single line of C++ code to return the squares of all integers from 1 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "return  std::vector<int>{1,4,9,16,25,36,49,64,81,100};"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Debug the following Python code to return a list of integers from 1 to 10.",
            "input": "def func():\n     lst = [1,2,3]\n     for i in range(3,10):\n        lst.append(i)\n     return lst",
            "output": "def func():\n     lst = []\n     for i in range(1,10):\n        lst.append(i)\n     return lst"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate an array of random integers between 0 and 100, where each integer only appears once.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let randomInts = [];\nwhile (randomInts.length !== 100) {\n    const randomInt = Math.floor(Math.random() * 100);\n    if (!randomInts.includes(randomInt)) randomInts.push(randomInt);\n}\nconsole.log(randomInts);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Change the following code to a class in Python.",
            "input": "def inc_by_one(x):\n    return x + 1\n\ndef print_inc_by_one(x):\n    res = inc_by_one(x)\n    print(res)\n\nprint_inc_by_one(1)",
            "output": "class Operation:\n    def inc_by_one(self, x):\n        return x + 1\n    \n    def print_inc_by_one(self, x):\n        res = self.inc_by_one(x)\n        print(res)\n\noperation = Operation() \noperation.print_inc_by_one(1)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compose a MySQL query to count the number of rows instudents table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM students;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the following code from pseudocode to C++.",
            "input": "for i in range (1,10,2):\n    print (i)",
            "output": "for (int i = 1; i < 10; i += 2) \n{\n    std::cout << i << std::endl;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the following code in JavaScript to return 0 if the given number is 0.",
            "input": "function myFunction(num){\n    return num + 1;\n}",
            "output": "function myFunction(num){\n    if(num === 0) return 0;\n    return num + 1;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a correct C# program to find the length of a string entered by a user.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "using System;\n\npublic class Program\n{\n    public static void Main()\n    {\n        string str = Console.ReadLine();\n        Console.WriteLine(str.Length);\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a 2D array, generate code in C to calculate the sum of the elements in the array.",
            "input": "arr[3][4] = {{1,2,3,4},{5,6,7,8},{9,10,11,12}}",
            "output": "#include <stdio.h>\n \nint main()\n{\n    int arr[3][4] = {{1,2,3,4},{5,6,7,8},{9,10,11,12}};\n    int sum = 0; \n  \n    // Calculating the sum of array elements \n    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) \n        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++)  \n            sum += arr[i][j]; \n  \n    printf(\"Sum of array elements is %d\", sum); \n    return 0; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a JavaScript program to return the longest word of a given string.",
            "input": "The quick brown fox",
            "output": "function longestWord(s)\n{\n    let splitStr = s.split(' ');\n    let longestWordLength = 0;\n    let longestWord;\n    \n    for (let i = 0; i < splitStr.length; i++) {\n        if (splitStr[i].length > longestWordLength) {\n            longestWordLength = splitStr[i].length;\n            longestWord = splitStr[i];\n        } \n    }\n    \n    return longestWord;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a correct shell script to check if a string contains ALL the vowels in it",
            "input": "apple",
            "output": "#!/bin/bash\n\nword=\"$1\"\n\nfor i in {A..Z}\ndo\n    if [[ $i =~ [AEIOU] ]]; then\n        if ! [[ $word =~ $i ]]; then \n            echo false\n            exit 0\n        fi \n    fi\ndone\necho true"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compose a python program to remove whitespaces in a given string.",
            "input": "this is a test sentence",
            "output": "string = \"this is a test sentence\"\nstring = string.replace(\" \", \"\")\nprint(string)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Java program to find out the area of a circle given its radius",
            "input": "5",
            "output": "public class Area {\n  public static void main(String[] args) {\n    double radius = 5;\n    double area = 3.14 * radius * radius;\n    System.out.println(\"Area of the Circle is \" + area);\n  }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a C++ program to find the ASCII value of a given character.",
            "input": "A",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n\nint main()\n{\n    char x = 'A';\n    int ascii_value = int(x);\n    std::cout << \"The ASCII value of \" << x << \" is \" << ascii_value;\n    return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Describe a way to optimize a code to make it run faster.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "One way to optimize a code to make it run faster is to use caching techniques to store data that is used multiple times. Implementing caching techniques can help to reduce the amount of time needed to compute a result by storing the result of an operation and retrieving it from the cache instead of recalculating it each time it is needed. Additionally, code optimization can also be done by using data structures and algorithms suitable to the task, using existing libraries and tools and parallelizing computations when possible."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a dictionary of key-value pairs corresponding to the given array of strings.",
            "input": "arr = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]",
            "output": "dictionary = dict(zip(arr, range(len(arr)))) \n# dictionary = {'a': 0, 'b': 1, 'c': 2, 'd': 3}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Determine the maximum integer from the given list.",
            "input": "list = [9, 10, 35, 46, 12]",
            "output": "#Find the maximum integer \nmax_int = max(list) \n\n#Print the maximum integer\nprint(max_int) \n# 46"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to remove duplicate elements from the given list.",
            "input": "list = [1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4]",
            "output": "def remove_duplicates(list):\n  # Create a blank list \n  tmp = [] \n  \n  # Append elements to the blank list one-by-one while avoiding duplicates \n  for ele in list: \n    if ele not in tmp: \n      tmp.append(ele) \n  \n  # Return the list without duplicates \n  return tmp \n\n# Print the result \nprint(remove_duplicates(list)) \n# [1, 2, 3, 4]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the longest substring in the given string which does not contain any repeated characters.",
            "input": "string = \"ababcdcdefg\"",
            "output": "#Find the longest substring which does not have repeated characters\nlongest_substring = \"\"\n \n#Loop over the given string\nfor x in string: \n\tif x not in longest_substring: \n\t\tlongest_substring += x \n\telse: \n\t\tbreak\n\n# Print the result  \nprint (longest_substring) \n# abcdc"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Format the following code so that it conforms to Python's style guidelines.",
            "input": "print(\"Hello world\")",
            "output": "# Format the code\nprint(\"Hello world\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compile the following code for use in a web application.",
            "input": "class MyClass:\n    my_field = \"Hello World!\"\n    def do_something():\n        print(\"I'm doing something!\")",
            "output": "# Compile the code\nimport py_compile\npy_compile.compile(\"myclass.py\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to translate the given string into pig latin.",
            "input": "sentence = \"Hello World!\"",
            "output": "# Define function\ndef to_pig_latin(sentence): \n    # Separate the sentence into individual words \n    words = sentence.split() \n  \n    # Translate each word into pig latin \n    pig_latin_words = [word[1:] + word[0] + \"ay\" for word in words] \n  \n    # Join the translated words \n    return ' '.join(pig_latin_words) \n  \n# Print the result \nprint(to_pig_latin(sentence)) \n# elloHay orldWay!"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given an array of integers, return a new array with unique elements.",
            "input": "arr = [1, 2, 1, 3, 4, 3]",
            "output": "# Return a new array with unique elements \nresult = list(set(arr)) \n\n# Print the result\nprint(result) \n# [1, 2, 3, 4]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a select statement in SQL to fetch data from the given table.",
            "input": "Table Name: EMPLOYEES",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM EMPLOYEES;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Describe the properties of a binary tree.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A binary tree is a hierarchical data structure in which each node is connected to at most two other nodes - commonly referred to as the left and right child - forming a parent-child relationship. Each node can also have a reference to its parent node. Additionally, each node is assigned one of four roles - root, leaf, internal and external - depending on its position within the tree. A binary tree typically has the following properties: it is ordered, can be searched using the in-order, pre-order and post-order traversal methods, it is balanced, and it is efficient in both storage space and time complexity."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class in Python to calculate area and perimeter of a rectangle.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Rectangle:\n    def __init__(self, length, breadth):\n        self.length = length\n        self.breadth = breadth\n\n    def calculate_area(self):\n        return self.length * self.breadth\n\n    def calculate_perimeter(self):\n        return 2 * (self.length + self.breadth)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Change the given code to make it syntactically correct.",
            "input": "print(\"Hello World\") \nprintln(\"Hello World\")",
            "output": "print(\"Hello World\") \nprint(\"Hello World\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given the two lists, A and B, create a new list C with elements from the two lists.",
            "input": "A = [1, 2, 3]\nB = [3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "C = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given two integers, calculate the sum of the two numbers.",
            "input": "a = 5\nb = 10",
            "output": "15"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a search algorithm to find a given item in an array.",
            "input": "arr = [1,4,5,6,7]\nitem = 7",
            "output": "index = 4"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a python statement to create a dictionary.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "dict1 = dict()"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate the regular expression for validating an email address.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Is it a good practice to choose flexible field names when creating a database?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Yes, it is a good practice to choose flexible field names when creating a database. This helps to reduce the risk of data entry errors and makes it easier to search for records. Furthermore, it is often helpful to predefine field sizes to ensure that there is enough space for data that needs to be entered."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Debug the following code to eliminate syntax errors.",
            "input": "def addNumbers(x, y)\n     return x + y\n\nprint(addNumbersx(10,5))",
            "output": "def addNumbers(x, y):\n     return x + y\n\nprint(addNumbers(10,5))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate the pseudocode of a reverse a string algorithm.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "1. Begin\n2. Declare a string variable\n3. Populate the string variable with the input string\n4. Declare an empty string variable to store the reversed string\n5. Iterate over characters in the input string in reverse order\n6. Append the characters to the empty string\n7. Return the reversed string\n8. End"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the difference between a function and a class in Python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A function is a block of code that performs an action, while a class is a blueprint for objects with attributes and functions. A function is associated with a single task and does not maintain state, whereas a class is associated with multiple functions and data and stores information about an object's state."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python code to print the sum of the first and last element in the given array.",
            "input": "arr = [2, 4, 5, 6, 7]",
            "output": "arr = [2, 4, 5, 6, 7]\n# Sum of the first and last element\nprint(arr[0] + arr[-1])\n\n## Output:\n9"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Display the multiplication table for the number 2.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "# Multipication table for 2\nfor i in range(1, 11): \n    print(2, 'x', i, '=', 2*i) \n    \n## Output:\n2 x 1 = 2   \n2 x 2 = 4   \n2 x 3 = 6   \n2 x 4 = 8   \n2 x 5 = 10   \n2 x 6 = 12   \n2 x 7 = 14   \n2 x 8 = 16   \n2 x 9 = 18   \n2 x 10 = 20"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a function to calculate the average of the given numbers.",
            "input": "nums = [100, 99, 85, 78]",
            "output": "def average(nums): \n    # Calculate the sum of the elements\n    sum = 0\n    for i in range(len(nums)): \n        sum += nums[i] \n      \n    # Calculate average \n    average = sum / len(nums) \n    return average \n      \nnums = [100, 99, 85, 78]\n# Output\nprint(average(nums))\n\n## Output:\n90.25"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class \"Vehicle\" and define a method \"description\" for the class.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Vehicle: \n    def __init__(self, name, color): \n        self.name = name\n        self.color = color\n      \n    def description(self): \n        print(\"This is a %s %s vehicle.\" %(self.color, self.name)) \n\n## Output:\nThis is a <color> <name> vehicle."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to enumerate the elements of a given list.",
            "input": "List = ['apple', 'mango', 'orange']",
            "output": "# Enumerate the elements\nList = ['apple', 'mango', 'orange']\nfor num, element in enumerate(List):\n    print(num, element)\n\n## Output:\n0 apple\n1 mango\n2 orange"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compute the factorial of the number 5 using recursion.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def factorial(n): \n    # Base case \n    if n == 1 or n == 0: \n        return 1\n    # Recursive Step \n    else: \n        return n * factorial(n-1) \nprint(factorial(5))\n\n## Output:\n120"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compute the absolute value of number -5.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "# Compute absolute value\nnum = -5\nprint(abs(num))\n\n## Output:\n5"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a for loop for printing the number from 1 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "# Printing the numbers\nfor i in range(1, 11):\n    print(i)\n\n## Output:\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7\n8\n9\n10"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program to count the word occurrences in the given sentence.",
            "input": "Sentence = \"Tim is learning Python programming.\"",
            "output": "# Count Word Occurrences\nSentence = \"Tim is learning Python programming.\"\n\nword_occurrences = dict() \nfor word in Sentence.split(): \n    if word not in word_occurrences: \n        word_occurrences[word] = 1\n    else: \n        word_occurrences[word] += 1\n\n# Output \nprint(word_occurrences) \n\n## Output:\n{'Tim': 1, 'is': 1, 'learning': 1, 'Python': 1, 'programming.': 1}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a dictionary with three items where each item has a key and value.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "# Create a dictionary with three items \ndictionary = { \n    \"key1\" : \"value1\", \n    \"key2\" : \"value2\", \n    \"key3\" : \"value3\"\n} \n  \n# Print the dictionary \nprint(dictionary)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Pandas dataframe with one column containing the numbers from 0 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import pandas as pd\n\n# Create a Pandas dataframe \ndf = pd.DataFrame({'column': range(0, 11)})\n\n# Print the dataframe \nprint(df)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to get the current timestamp.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "/** \n * JavaScript function to get the current timestamp\n * @returns {number} - returns a number representing the current timestamp\n */ \nfunction getTimestamp() { \n    return Date.now();\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compare two string to find out if they are anagrams of each other.",
            "input": "string1 = 'listen'; string2 = 'silent'",
            "output": "/**\n * Function to compare two strings to see if they are anagrams of each other \n * @param {string} string1 - the first string \n * @param {string} string2 - the second string\n * @returns {boolean} - true if the strings are anagrams, false otherwise\n */ \nfunction areAnagrams(string1, string2) {\n  // Normalize strings\n  string1 = string1.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z]/, \"\");\n  string2 = string2.toLowerCase().replace(/[^a-z]/, \"\");\n\n  if (string1.length !== string2.length) {\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  const alphabet = \"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\".split(\"\");\n  const string1chars = {};\n\n  // Iterate through string1 and create a mapping of characters to the number\n  // of times they appear\n  for (let letter of string1) {\n    if (string1chars[letter]) {\n      string1chars[letter]++;\n    } else {\n      string1chars[letter] = 1;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Iterate through string2 and see if each character in the string\n  // exists in the mapping of characters in string1\n  for (let letter of string2) {\n    if (!string1chars[letter]) {\n      return false;\n    } else {\n      string1chars[letter]--;\n    }\n  }\n\n  // Check to make sure all characters in string1 appear the same number of times\n  for (let char of alphabet) {\n    if (string1chars[char]) {\n      if (string1chars[char] !== 0) {\n        return false;\n      }\n    }\n  }\n\n  return true;\n}\n\nconsole.log(areAnagrams(string1, string2)); // true"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a dictionary with three keys and three values.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "# Create a dictionary with three keys and three values \ndictionary = { \n    \"key1\" : \"value1\", \n    \"key2\" : \"value2\", \n    \"key3\" : \"value3\"\n} \n  \n# Print the dictionary \nprint(dictionary)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use the Matplotlib library to generate a scatterplot from the given data.",
            "input": "Data:\nx = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\ny = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]",
            "output": "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n\n# Generate a scatterplot \nplt.scatter(x, y)\n\n# Set labels\nplt.xlabel('x-values')\nplt.ylabel('y-values')\n\n# Show the plot \nplt.show()"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a database table with three columns: first name, last name, and age.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "CREATE TABLE people ( \n    first_name varchar(255), \n    last_name varchar(255), \n    age int\n);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to get the current weather in a particular city using the OpenWeatherMap API.",
            "input": "City: Seattle",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nUse the OpenWeatherMap API to get the current weather for a given city\n\"\"\"\n\nimport requests\nimport json\n\ndef get_weather(city):\n    url = f\"http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={city}&appid=<YOUR_APP_ID>\"\n    response = requests.get(url)\n    data = json.loads(response.text)\n    return data['weather'][0]['main']\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    print(get_weather('Seattle'))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What would be an appropriate data structure for storing a list of contacts with their name and phone numbers?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A dictionary data structure would be appropriate for storing a list of contacts with their name and phone numbers. The contacts' names can be used as the keys in the dictionary and their phone numbers can be stored as the values."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the sum of all numbers between A and B",
            "input": "A = 2 and B = 4",
            "output": "def sum_range(A, B):\n    sum = 0\n    for i in range(A, B+1):\n        sum += i\n    return sum\n\nprint(sum_range(2,4))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How would you store the results of an experiment?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The results of an experiment can be stored in a spreadsheet or in a database. Using a spreadsheet or database allows for easy management and retrieval of the data. Additionally, the results can be easily presented in the form of graphs and tables."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program to detect a palindrome.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def is_palindrome(word):\n    word = word.lower().replace(' ','')\n    if word == word[::-1]:\n        return True\n    else:\n        return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How would you go about finding the largest value in a list?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "One way to find the largest value in a list is to keep track of the maximum value seen so far and iterate through the list, updating the maximum when a larger value is encountered. This can be done by using a variable set to the first element of the list, and then iterating through the list using a for loop, updating the variable if a larger value is seen."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Which sorting algorithm would be appropriate for an array of objects based on the value of one of their properties?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A comparison-based sorting algorithm such as insertion sort, bubble sort, or selection sort would be appropriate for sorting an array of objects based on the value of one of their properties. These algorithms are able to compare multiple elements in the array and determine which one is greatest/least and thus able to sort the objects accordingly by their property values."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the most efficient data structure to use when an application requires storing records by an associated key?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A hash table or dictionary is the most efficient data structure to use when an application requires storing records by an associated key. A hash table or dictionary stores the data in an unordered collection and provides very fast retrieval and modification of data based on keys, meaning it is ideal for applications in which records must be retrieved very quickly based on the associated key."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can an algorithm be used to find the largest number in an array without sorting the array?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "An algorithm can be used to find the largest number in an array without sorting the array by iterating through the array and keeping track of the largest number seen so far. This can be done by setting a variable equal to the first element of the array, and then iterating through the array and updating the variable if a larger number is encountered."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Determine the sum of all even numbers from 0 to 10 (including 10).",
            "input": "",
            "output": "30"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function that takes in an array and returns the count of elements in the array.",
            "input": "[2, 5, 6, 8]",
            "output": "//Function\nfunction arrayLength(arr) {\n    return arr.length;\n}\n\n// Output\n4"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Output the content of the third index of the following array.",
            "input": "[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]",
            "output": "6"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a class in C++ that defines a Person object that contains:",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Person\n{\n private:\n   string name;\n   int age;\n public:\n   Person(string pname, int page)\n   {\n     name = pname;\n     age = page;\n   }\n   string getName() { return name;}\n   int getAge() { return age; }\n};"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Output the result of subtracting 3 from 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "7"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a loop in Python that iterates over the array and prints out each element of the array.",
            "input": "[2, 6, 8, 10]",
            "output": "for item in [2, 6, 8, 10]:\n    print(item)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "You need to traverse a binary tree from root to leaf and output the path taken.",
            "input": "tree = {\n    \"value\": 5,\n    \"left\": {\n        \"value\": 3,\n        \"left\": {\n            \"value\": 1\n        },\n        \"right\": {\n            \"value\": 4\n        }\n    },\n    \"right\": {\n        \"value\": 7,\n        \"left\": {\n            \"value\": 6\n        },\n        \"right\": {\n            \"value\": 8\n        }\n    }\n}",
            "output": "5 --> 3 --> 1\n5 --> 3 --> 4\n5 --> 7 --> 6\n5 --> 7 --> 8"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Output the result of adding the numbers 6 and 4.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "10"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given an unsorted array, sort it using insertion sort in ascending order.",
            "input": "[3, 8, 5, 7, 1, 6]",
            "output": "[1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Count the total characters in the following string.",
            "input": "\"This is a sample string\"",
            "output": "19"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program that finds the smallest number in a given array of integers.",
            "input": "[5, 3, 8, 6, 2]",
            "output": "public class SmallestNum {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        int[] arr = {5, 3, 8, 6, 2};\n        int smallest = arr[0];\n        for(int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {\n            if(arr[i] < smallest) {\n                smallest = arr[i];\n            }\n        }\n        System.out.println(smallest);\n    }\n}\n\n// Output\n2"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Output the result of multiplying 10 to 6.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "60"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Output the result of dividing 20 by 4.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "5"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query that counts the number of \"Female\" in the table \"Human\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM Human WHERE gender = 'Female';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an `ArrayList` representation of a queue.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import java.util.ArrayList;\n\npublic class Queue {\n    private ArrayList<Object> list;\n\n    public Queue() {\n        list = new ArrayList<Object>();\n    }\n\n    public Object pop() {\n        if (list.size() == 0) {\n            throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException();\n        }\n\n        Object item = list.get(0);\n        list.remove(0);\n        return item;\n    }\n\n    public void enqueue(Object item) {\n        list.add(item);\n    }\n\n    public int size() {\n        return list.size();\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How do you count the number of words in a sentence?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "To count the number of words in a sentence, you can split it into an array of separate words using the split() method and then use the length property of the array to get the number of words. Alternatively, you can also use the match() method which returns the number of words matches.\n// JavaScript\nlet sentence = \"This is a sample sentence.\";\n// Using the split() method\nlet wordCount = sentence.split(\" \").length;\n// Output: 4\n// Using the match() method\nlet regex = /\\w+/g;\nlet wordCount = sentence.match(regex).length;\n// Output: 4"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you count the number of different characters in a string?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "To count the number of different characters in a string, you can use a dictionary to keep track of the count of each character. You can iterate over the string to check if each character is in the dictionary, and if it is, then increase its count. If the character isn't in the dictionary, then add it and set its count to 1. At the end of the iteration, the number of different characters in the string will be the size of the dictionary.\n// Python\n\ndef countDifferentCharacters(string):\n   # Create an empty dictionary \n   myDict = dict()\n   \n   # Iterate over the string \n   for ch in string:\n       # If the character is in the string\n       if ch in myDict:\n           myDict[ch] += 1\n       else:\n           myDict[ch] = 1\n   return len(myDict)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the following set of numbers into a comma separated string.",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "\"1,2,3,4,5\""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Java method to calculate the sum of two integers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static int calculateSum(int num1, int num2) {\n    return num1 + num2;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you convert an array of objects into an object with the object's id as the key?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "To convert an array of objects into an object with the object's id as the key, you can use a reduce() method to iterate over the array and create an object containing the object's id as the key and the object itself as the value.\n// JavaScript \n\nlet arrayOfObjects = [{\n  id: 1,\n  name: 'John'\n}, {\n  id: 2,\n  name: 'Tim'\n}, {\n  id: 3,\n  name: 'Jane'\n}];\n\nlet result = arrayOfObjects.reduce((acc, curVal) => {\n  acc[curVal.id] = curVal;\n  return acc;\n}, {});\n// Output: { 1: { id: 1, name: 'John' },\n//          2: { id: 2, name: 'Tim' },\n//          3: { id: 3, name: 'Jane'} }"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a bash script that prints out the day of the week based on the current date.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#!/bin/bash\n\n# Get the weekday for today\nweekday=$(date +%u)\n\n# Print it out\nif [ $weekday -eq 1 ]; then\n    echo \"Monday\"\nelif [ $weekday -eq 2 ]; then\n    echo \"Tuesday\"\nelif [ $weekday -eq 3 ] ; then\n    echo \"Wednesday\"\nelif [ $weekday -eq 4 ]; then\n    echo \"Thursday\"\nelif [ $weekday -eq 5 ]; then\n    echo \"Friday\"\nelif [ $weekday -eq 6 ]; then\n    echo \"Saturday\"\nelif [ $weekday -eq 7 ]; then\n    echo \"Sunday\"\nfi"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following C++ function to return the median of three numbers.",
            "input": "float medianNum (float num1, float num2, float num3) {\n return num1;\n}",
            "output": "float medianNum (float num1, float num2, float num3) {\n  //Use bubble sort to sort the 3 numbers\n  if (num1 > num2) {\n    float temp1 = num1;\n    num1 = num2;\n    num2 = temp1;\n  }\n  if (num2 > num3) {\n    float temp2 = num2;\n    num2 = num3;\n    num3 = temp2;\n  }\n  if (num1 > num2) {\n    float temp3 = num1;\n    num1 = num2;\n    num2 = temp3;\n}\n  return num2;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the concept of variable shadowing in C#.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Variable shadowing in C# is when a variable of the same name (but different scope) is declared in a nested scope. The new variable \"shadows\" the variable of the same name in the outer scope, meaning that it takes precedence over the outer scope variable until the end of the nested scope. This can be useful for creating temporary variables within a scope without affecting the outer scope."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL query to calculate the total cost of all orders.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT SUM(o.quantity * o.price) AS 'Total Cost'\nFROM orders o;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a sorting algorithm to sort an array of integers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def sorting_algorithm(arr): \n    # Using Insertion Sort\n    for i in range(len(arr)): \n        key = arr[i] \n\n        # Move elements of arr[0..i-1], \n        # that are greater than key, to one \n        # position ahead of their current position \n        j = i-1\n        while j >=0 and key < arr[j] : \n            arr[j+1] = arr[j] \n            j -= 1\n        arr[j+1] = key \n    return arr"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement quick sort in Java",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class QuickSort { \n    \n    //initially called when low and high are same \n    public static void quickSort(int[] arr, int low, int high)  \n    {  \n        if (arr == null || arr.length == 0)  \n            return;  \n          \n        if (low >= high)  \n            return;  \n          \n        //pick the pivot\n        int middle = low + (high - low) / 2;  \n        int pivot = arr[middle];  \n  \n  \n        //divide the array into two part\n        int i = low, j = high;  \n        while (i <= j)  \n        {  \n            while (arr[i] < pivot)  \n            {  \n                i++;  \n            }  \n              \n            while (arr[j] > pivot)  \n            {  \n                j--;  \n            }  \n  \n            if (i <= j)  \n            {  \n                int temp = arr[i];  \n                arr[i] = arr[j];  \n                arr[j] = temp;  \n                i++;  \n                j--;  \n            }  \n        }  \n          \n        //recursively sort two part\n        if (low < j)  \n            quickSort(arr, low, j);  \n  \n        if (high > i)  \n            quickSort(arr, i, high);  \n    }  \n  \n    public static void main(String [] args){\n        int[] arr = {9,5,2,7,8,3,1,4,6};\n        quickSort(arr, 0, arr.length-1);\n        System.out.print(\"Sorted Array: \");\n        for(int i=0;i<arr.length;i++){\n            System.out.print(arr[i]+\" \");\n        }\n    }\n  \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Python which takes in a string and removes all punctuation marks.",
            "input": "string = \"Hello, there! How are you?\"",
            "output": "def remove_punctuation(string):\n    # list of punctuations to be removed\n    punctuations = '''!()-[]{};:'\"\\,<>./?@#$%^&*_~'''\n\n    # iterate through the string, checking each char\n    no_punct = \"\"\n    for char in string:\n        if char not in punctuations:\n            no_punct = no_punct + char\n    \n    return no_punct\n\nstring = \"Hello, there! How are you?\"\nprint(remove_punctuation(string))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an algorithm in JavaScript for reversing a given array.",
            "input": "arr = [1,2,3,4,5]",
            "output": "function reverseArray(arr) {    \n    let reversedArray = [];\n    \n    for(let i = arr.length -1; i >= 0; i--) { \n        reversedArray.push(arr[i]); \n    }\n    return reversedArray; \n}\n\nlet arr = [1,2,3,4,5];\nconsole.log(reverseArray(arr));"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop an API in Java to populate an SQL database.",
            "input": "MySQL table named \"users\" with columns: id, name, age, occupation",
            "output": "public class UserAPI { \n  \n    public static void populateDatabase(String[] name, int[] age, String[] occupation) { \n        // JDBC driver name and database URL \n        String JDBC_DRIVER = \"com.mysql.jdbc.Driver\";  \n        String DB_URL = \"jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/<databasename>?autoReconnect=true&useSSL=false\";\n  \n        //  Database credentials \n        String USER = \"username\"; \n        String PASS = \"password\"; \n  \n        Connection conn = null; \n        Statement stmt = null; \n        try { \n            //STEP 2: Register JDBC driver \n            Class.forName(JDBC_DRIVER); \n  \n            //STEP 3: Open a connection \n            System.out.println(\"Connecting to database...\"); \n            conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, USER, PASS); \n  \n            //STEP 4: Execute a query \n            stmt = conn.createStatement(); \n            String query = \"INSERT INTO users(name, age, occupation) VALUES(?, ?, ?)\"; \n            PreparedStatement preparedStmt = conn.prepareStatement(query);\n  \n            for(int i = 0; i < name.length; i++) {\n                preparedStmt.setString (1, name[i]);\n                preparedStmt.setInt    (2, age[i]);\n                preparedStmt.setString (3, occupation[i]);\n                preparedStmt.execute();\n            }\n  \n            System.out.println(\"Database populated successfully...\"); \n        } catch (Exception se) { \n            se.printStackTrace(); \n        } finally { \n            //finally block used to close resources \n            try { \n                if (stmt != null) \n                    conn.close(); \n            } catch (SQLException se) { \n            } // do nothing \n            try { \n                if (conn != null) \n                    conn.close(); \n            } catch (SQLException se) { \n                se.printStackTrace(); \n            } \n        } \n    } \n  \n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        String[] name = { \"John\", \"Kim\", \"Jane\" };\n        int[] age = { 25, 28, 22 };\n        String[] occupation = { \"Engineer\", \"Scientist\", \"Teacher\" };\n \n        populateDatabase(name, age, occupation);\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a script in Python that prints out the Fibonacci series up to the nth term.",
            "input": "n = 8",
            "output": "def Fibonacci(n): \n    a = 0\n    b = 1\n    if n < 0: \n        print(\"Incorrect input\") \n    elif n == 0: \n        return a \n    elif n == 1: \n        return b \n    else: \n        for i in range(2,n): \n            c = a + b \n            a = b \n            b = c \n        return b \n      \n# Driver Program \nprint(Fibonacci(8))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct an algorithm in Java for finding the maximum value from a given array.",
            "input": "arr = [1, 8, 2, 6, 5]",
            "output": "public class Maximum { \n  \n    public static int maximumValue(int[] arr) { \n        int max = arr[0]; \n        for (int i = 1; i < arr.length; i++) \n            if (arr[i] > max) \n                max = arr[i]; \n        return max; \n    } \n  \n    public static void main(String args[]) \n    { \n        int[] arr = { 1, 8, 2, 6, 5 }; \n        System.out.println(\"The maximum value of the array is: \" + maximumValue(arr)); \n    } \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the given Celsius temperature to Fahrenheit.",
            "input": "Celsius: 100",
            "output": "212.0"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Balance the following equation by adding coefficients.",
            "input": "[HCl] + [NaOH] -> [NaCl] + [H2O]",
            "output": "2[HCl] + 2[NaOH] -> 2[NaCl] + [H2O]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Test the following Python code for syntax errors and explain how you fixed them.",
            "input": "def add two numbers a and b\n return a+b",
            "output": "Error: There should be a space between the words \u2018add\u2019 and \u2018two\u2019.\nFixed:\ndef add_two_numbers(a, b): \n return a+b"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python program to create a list containing the squares of numbers from 1 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "squares = [i**2 for i in range(1,11)]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Identify the appropriate data structure to store a list of employee names and their corresponding salaries.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A dictionary would be the most appropriate data structure to store employee names and their corresponding salaries."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Fix the following JavaScript function to check if a number is a prime number.",
            "input": "function isPrimenumber(n) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < n / 2; i++) {\n      if (n % i === 0) {\n        return true;\n      }\n    }\n    return false;\n}",
            "output": "function isPrimeNumber(n) {\n    if (n <= 1) {\n        return false;\n    }\n    for (let i = 2; i < n / 2; i++) {\n      if (n % i === 0) {\n        return false;\n      } \n    }\n    return true;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a regular expression to match a 5-digit zip code",
            "input": "",
            "output": "var zipcodeRegex = /^\\d{5}$/;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use the requirements to write a Python code to sort an array of integers.",
            "input": "[5, 10, 2, 1, 7]",
            "output": "arr = [5, 10, 2, 1, 7] \n  \narr.sort() \n  \nprint(arr)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Print the first 8 prime numbers",
            "input": "",
            "output": "# Prints the first 8 prime numbers\n\nn = 8\ni = 2\ncount = 0\nwhile(count < n):\n   j = 2\n   while(j <= i):\n      if(i % j == 0):\n         break\n      j = j + 1\n   if(j == i):\n      print(i, end=\" \")\n      count = count + 1\n   i = i + 1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a list of all the even numbers between 15 and 35",
            "input": "",
            "output": "# Generate a list of all the even numbers between 15 and 35\n\neven_numbers = []\nfor i in range(15,36):\n    if i % 2 == 0:\n        even_numbers.append(i)\n\nprint(even_numbers)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a MySQL query to count the number of customers in the table 'Customers'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT COUNT(*) AS CustomerCount FROM Customers;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL query to find the last 10 records in the 'Orders' table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * \nFROM Orders\nORDER BY id DESC\nLIMIT 10;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Replace all the occurrences of a particular letter with another letter in a string",
            "input": "The quick brown fox",
            "output": "# Replace all the occurrences of a particular letter with another letter in a string\n\ndef change_letter(str, letter1, letter2):\n    modified_string = str.replace(letter1, letter2)\n    return modified_string\n\nchange_letter('The quick brown fox', 'o', 'U') => 'The quick bruwn fUX'"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct an algorithm to find the factorial of a number",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def factorial(n): \n    f = 1\n    for i in range(1, n + 1): \n        f = f * i \n    return f\n\nfactorial(5) => 120"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Attempt to determine the number of small business establishments in the USA using the US Census API",
            "input": "",
            "output": "# Attempting to determine the number of small businesses establishments in the USA using the US Census API\n\nimport requests\n\nurl = \"https://api.census.gov/data/2018/cbp\"\n\nr = requests.get(url,\n            params = {'get':'ESTAB',\n                    'for':'us:*'})\n\njson_data = r.json()\n\nnumber_of_small_business_establishments = json_data[1][15]\n\nprint('The number of small businesses establishments in the USA is %s' %number_of_small_business_establishments)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a script to generate a random string of 8 characters",
            "input": "",
            "output": "# Generate a random string of 8 characters\n\nimport string\nimport random\n\ndef generate_random_string(str_length=8):\n\trandom_str = \"\"\n\tfor i in range(str_length):\n\t\trandom_str += random.choice(string.ascii_letters)\n\treturn random_str\n\nrandom_str = generate_random_string()\nprint(\"Random string is: \", random_str)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a simple web scraper in Java that collects titles of Wikipedia articles for a given keyword.",
            "input": "keyword: \"Machine Learning\"",
            "output": "import org.jsoup.Jsoup;\nimport org.jsoup.nodes.Document;\nimport org.jsoup.nodes.Element;\nimport org.jsoup.select.Elements;\n\npublic class WebScraper {\n\npublic static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {\n\n String url = \"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Search?search=\" + \"Machine Learning\";\n Document doc = Jsoup.connect(url).get();\n Elements titles = doc.select(\"h1\");\n\nfor (Element el : titles) {\n System.out.println(el.text());\n}\n\n}\n\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an object-oriented class in Java to represent a 2D point.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class Point2D {\n    private double x;\n    private double y;\n\n    Point2D(double x, double y) {\n        this.x = x;\n        this.y = y;\n    }\n\n    public double getX() {\n        return this.x;\n    }\n\n    public double getY() {\n        return this.y;\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C++ program to convert a binary number to its decimal equivalent.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n#include <cmath>\n\nint main() {\n  int binary;\n  std::cout << \"Enter Binary Number: \";\n  std::cin >> binary;\n\n  int dec = 0;\n  int base=1;\n\n  while (binary > 0) {\n      int r = binary % 10;\n      dec = dec + (r * base);\n      base = base * 2;\n      binary = binary / 10;\n  }\n  std::cout << dec << std::endl;\n  return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class in JAVA to represent an employee record which contains the employee ID, the employee name and the salary.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class Employee {\n    private int id;\n    private String name;\n    private double salary;\n\n    Employee(int id, String name, double salary) {\n        this.id = id;\n        this.name = name;\n        this.salary = salary;\n    }\n\n    public int getID() {\n        return this.id;\n    }\n\n    public String getName() {\n        return this.name;\n    }\n\n    public double getSalary() {\n        return this.salary;\n    } \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a SQL query to select users from a table \"user_table\" where their age is greater than 30.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM user_table WHERE age > 30;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript code that adds all the numbers in an array.",
            "input": "[1,2,3,4,5]",
            "output": "let arr = [1,2,3,4,5];\nlet sum = 0;\nfor(let i = 0; i<arr.length;i++) {\nsum+=arr[i];\n}\nconsole.log(sum); //15"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a class in Python to represent a complex number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Complex:\n    def __init__(self, re, im):\n        self.re = re\n        self.im = im\n\n    def __str__(self):\n        return '{} + {}i'.format(self.re, self.im)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to identify the customers in the table \"Customers\" whose total purchase amount is greater than 1000.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT customer_name \nFROM Customers \nWHERE total_purchase_amount > 1000;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a JavaScript code to return the longest string from an array of strings.",
            "input": "[ \"abc\", \"abcdefg\", \"abcdefhij\" ]",
            "output": "let arr = [ \"abc\", \"abcdefg\", \"abcdefhij\" ];\nlet longestStr = arr.reduce((a,b) => a.length > b.length ? a : b);\nconsole.log(longestStr); // abcdefhij"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a C program to find the maximum and minimum values in an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "int findMax(int arr[], int n) {\nint maxVal = -1;\nfor(int i=0; i<n; i++) {\n if(arr[i] > maxVal)\n maxVal = arr[i];\n}\n return maxVal;\n}\n\nint findMin(int arr[], int n) {\nint minVal = arr[0];\nfor(int i=1; i<n; i++) {\n if(arr[i] < minVal)\n minVal = arr[i];\n}\n return minVal;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an object-oriented class in Python to represent a coin (with members of denomination and value).",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Coin:\n    def __init__(self, denomination, value):\n        self.denomination = denomination\n        self.value = value\n        \n    def getDenomination(self):\n        return self.denomination\n    \n    def getValue(self):\n        return self.value"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Refactor the following code to improve its readability.",
            "input": "x=7while x>0:print(\"Hello!\")x-=1",
            "output": "x = 7\n\nwhile x > 0:\n    print(\"Hello!\")\n    x -= 1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suggest a proper comment to explain the purpose of the following code.",
            "input": "foo = [i for i in range(10)]",
            "output": "# Create a list ``foo`` with numbers from 0 to 9 \nfoo = [i for i in range(10)]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the bug in the following code.",
            "input": "def greet_user(name):\n  print(\"Welcome, \" + name)\n\ngreet_user(\"Jane\")",
            "output": "# There is no bug in the code. \ndef greet_user(name):\n  print(\"Welcome, \" + name)\n\ngreet_user(\"Jane\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suggest a completion for the following code such that it will run correctly.",
            "input": "i = 10\nwhile i <",
            "output": "i = 10\nwhile i < 20:"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suggest an efficient algorithm for sorting this list of numbers in ascending order.",
            "input": "[3, 8, 5, 4, 1, 9, 6]",
            "output": "# One possible algorithm for sorting this list is the Bubble Sort algorithm.\ndef bubble_sort(arr): \n    n = len(arr) \n\n    # Traverse through all array elements \n    for i in range(n): \n\n        # Last i elements are already in place \n        for j in range(0, n-i-1): \n\n            # traverse the array from 0 to n-i-1 \n            # Swap if the element found is greater than the next element \n            if arr[j] > arr[j+1] : \n                arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j] \n\n# Test\narr = [3, 8, 5, 4, 1, 9, 6] \nbubble_sort(arr) \npritt('Sorted Array:', arr)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite the following program to reduce its complexity.",
            "input": "def find_complement(x):\n    originalValue = x\n    result = 0\n    iteration = 0\n\n    while x > 0:\n        result = (result * 2) + (x % 2 == 0)\n        x = x // 2\n        iteration = iteration + 1\n\n    return originalValue ^ result, iteration",
            "output": "def find_complement(x):\n    # Mask to isolate the last bit of the integer.\n    mask = 1\n    while (x & mask) == 0:\n        # Left-shift the mask.\n        mask = mask << 1\n    # XOR the result with the original input.\n    return x ^ mask"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Analyze the following code and identify any security vulnerabilities.",
            "input": "def read_from_user_input(string):\n    # Read user input\n    input_str = input(string)\n    # Return evaluated string\n    return eval(input_str)",
            "output": "# The code is vulnerable to code injection since the ``eval()`` function evaluates the input as Python code. This could potentially lead to arbitrary code execution with maliciously crafted input from an attacker. \n\ndef read_from_user_input(string):\n    # Read user input\n    input_str = input(string)\n    # Return evaluated string\n    return eval(input_str)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite the following lines of code using a better coding style.",
            "input": "if a==20:\n    print(a)",
            "output": "# A better coding style would be to add an extra space around the comparator operator, i.e. if a =="
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a recursive JavaScript function to calculate the nth polynomial of degree m.",
            "input": "n = 2, m = 4",
            "output": "function calculate(n, m) {\n  // Base condition\n  if (n == 0) {\n    return 1;\n  }\n\n  // Recursive case\n  return (m + n - 1) * calculate(n - 1, m);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Build a Tensorflow model to solve the MNIST handwritten digit classification problem.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import tensorflow as tf\nmnist=tf.keras.datasets.mnist\n(x_train,y_train),(x_test,y_test)=mnist.load_data()\nx_train,x_test=x_train/255.0,x_test/255.0\n\nmodel = tf.keras.models.Sequential([\n    tf.keras.layers.Flatten(input_shape=(28,28)),\n    tf.keras.layers.Dense(128,activation='relu'),\n    tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.2),\n    tf.keras.layers.Dense(10,activation='softmax')\n])\nmodel.compile(optimizer='adam',\n              loss='sparse_categorical_crossentropy',\n              metrics=['accuracy'])\nmodel.fit(x_train, y_train, epochs=5)\nmodel.evaluate(x_test, y_test)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a single line of code to select all employee records with their ID and name from an employee database in SQL.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT employee_id, employee_name FROM employee_database;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the entropy of the following probability distribution.",
            "input": "P = {0.1, 0.25, 0.15, 0.5}",
            "output": "Entropy of P = 1.7463."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a Java program to print the first 10 prime numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class PrimeNumbers {\n\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n \n        int i =2;\n        int num = 0;\n        String prime_numbers = \"\";\n \n        while (num < 10) {\n            if (checkPrimeNumber(i)) {\n                prime_numbers = prime_numbers + i + \" \";\n                num++;\n            }\n            i++;\n        }\n        System.out.println(prime_numbers);\n    }\n \n    public static boolean checkPrimeNumber(int num) {\n        boolean is_prime = true;\n        for (int i = 2; i <= num / 2; i++) {\n            if (num % i == 0) {\n                is_prime = false;\n                break;\n            }\n        }\n        return is_prime;\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct an algorithm to detect and remove loop in a linked list.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "// To detect a loop in a linked list, use the \"slow and fast pointer\" // algorithm. Have two pointers; one (the \"slow\" pointer) that moves one // step at a time and another (the \"fast\" pointer) that moves two steps at a \ntime. \n// If the fast pointer reaches a null node, then there is no loop in the linked list. Else, if the fast and slow pointers both reach the same node, \n// then there is a loop in the linked list. \n\n// To remove the loop in a linked list, first detect the loop using the above algorithm. \n// then, keep the fast pointer at the same node and move the slow pointer one node at a time until they both meet. \n// The node they meet is the node where the loop starts. Now, set the next node of the node where the loop starts as null."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Update this C# code to merge two sorted arrays.",
            "input": "int[] a = {2, 5, 7, 10, 12};\nint[] b = {3, 6, 11, 20};",
            "output": "int[] a = {2, 5, 7, 10, 12};\nint[] b = {3, 6, 11, 20};\nint[] c = new int[a.Length + b.Length];\nint a_index = 0, b_index = 0, c_index = 0;\n\nwhile(a_index < a.Length && b_index < b.Length)\n{\n  if(a[a_index] < b[b_index])\n  {\n    c[c_index] = a[a_index];\n    a_index++;\n  } \n  else\n  {\n    c[c_index] = b[b_index];\n    b_index++;\n  }\n  c_index++;\n}\n\nif(a_index < a.Length){\n  for(int i = a_index; i < a.Length; i++){\n    c[c_index] = a[i];\n    c_index++;\n  }\n}\n\nif(b_index < b.Length){\n  for(int i = b_index; i < b.Length; i++){\n    c[c_index] = b[i];\n    c_index++;\n  }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a function for string reverse in Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def str_reverse(mystr):\n  rev_str = \"\"\n  i = len(mystr)-1\n  while(i >= 0):\n    rev_str+= mystr[i]\n    i-=1\n  return rev_str"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a PHP script which will open a connection to a local PostgreSQL database and execute a query.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<?php\n$dbconn = pg_connect(\"host=localhost dbname=mydb user=postgres password=mypassword\");\n$result = pg_query($dbconn, \"SELECT * FROM TABLE_NAME;\");\nif (!$result) {\n    echo \"An error occurred.\\n\";\n    exit;\n}\nwhile ($row = pg_fetch_row($result)) { \n  echo \"ID: $row[0]  Name: $row[1]\";\n  echo \"<br />\\n\";\n}\npg_free_result($result);\npg_close($dbconn);\n?>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design an algorithm to check whether a string is a palindrome or not in JavaScript.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function checkPalindrome(str) {\n  let start = 0; \n  let end = str.length-1; \n  while(start < end) {\n    if(str[start] != str[end]) {\n      return false;\n    }\n    start++;\n    end--;\n  }\n  return true;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a NSURLRequest object in Swift.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let url = URL(string: \"sampleURL\")\nlet urlRequest = NSURLRequest(url: url)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Train a machine learning model to detect the sentiment of a given review.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import pandas as pd \nfrom sklearn.feature_extraction.text import CountVectorizer\nfrom sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression\n# Import the dataset\ndf = pd.read_csv(\"reviews_data.csv\")\n# Create bag of words\nvectorizer = CountVectorizer()\ndocs = vectorizer.fit_transform(df.text)\nfeatures = vectorizer.get_feature_names()\n# Create a Logistic Regression model\nmodel = LogisticRegression(solver='liblinear')\n# Fit the model\nmodel.fit(docs, df.sentiment)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct an algorithm to sort a given array using the Bubble sort technique.",
            "input": "arr = [3, 10, 5, 4, 8]",
            "output": "def bubbleSort(arr): \n  n = len(arr) \n\n  # Traverse through all array elements \n  for i in range(n): \n\n    # Last i elements are already in place \n    for j in range(0, n-i-1): \n\n      # traverse the array from 0 to n-i-1 \n      # Swap if the element found is greater \n      # than the next element \n      if arr[j] > arr[j+1] : \n        arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a list of 10 random numbers using a Python program.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import random \n  \n# Use a sample set of 7 elements \nrandList = random.sample(range(0, 100), 10) \n  \n# Print the random sample \nprint(randList)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Execute a stack-based postfix notation expression.",
            "input": "3 5 2 * +",
            "output": "The Answer is 13."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to calculate the average price of a product for all the orders in the database.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT AVG(price)\nFROM orders"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the following code to randomize the order of the colors in the list.",
            "input": "colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]",
            "output": "import random\nrandom.shuffle(colors)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the most common word in the supplied text.",
            "input": "This is a sample text for the task.",
            "output": "The most common word in the supplied text is 'the'."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an HTML code to create a form that contains inputs for first name, last name, age, and gender.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<form>\n<label>First Name:</label><br>\n<input type=\"text\" name=\"firstname\"><br>\n<label>Last Name:</label><br>\n<input type=\"text\" name=\"lastname\"><br>\n<label>Age:</label><br>\n<input type=\"number\" name=\"age\"><br>\n<label>Gender:</label><br>\n<select name=\"gender\">\n <option value=\"male\">Male</option>\n <option value=\"female\">Female</option>\n</select><br>\n<input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\">\n</form>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a CSS code to change the color of all paragraphs to blue.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "p {\n color: blue;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following code to make it work with an unlimited number of arguments.",
            "input": "def my_function(a, b):\n print(a + b)",
            "output": "def my_function(*args):\n result = 0\n for arg in args:\n result += arg\n print(result)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use text pre-processing techniques to clean up the following text.",
            "input": "It's what I {like} to <do>, like it?",
            "output": "It's what I like to do, like it?"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python program to sort the following dictionary by value in descending order.",
            "input": "dictionary = {\n 'a': 7,\n 'b': 3,\n 'c': 8,\n 'd': 2\n}",
            "output": "import operator\n\nsorted_dictionary = dict(sorted(dictionary.items(), key=operator.itemgetter(1), reverse=True))\nprint(sorted_dictionary)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to find the count of distinct users who have logged into the system.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT user_id)\nFROM logins"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a selection sort algorithm in Python",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def selection_sort(arr): \n    # Traverse through all array elements \n    for i in range(len(arr)): \n        # Find the minimum element in remaining  \n        # unsorted array \n        min_idx = i \n        for j in range(i+1, len(arr)): \n            if arr[min_idx] > arr[j]: \n                min_idx = j \n              \n        # Swap the found minimum element with  \n        # the first element         \n        arr[i], arr[min_idx] = arr[min_idx], arr[i] \n    return arr"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code in Python that takes an array of integers and returns the smallest number in the array",
            "input": "[5, 3, 76, 32, 11]",
            "output": "def smallest_number(arr):\n    smallest = arr[0]\n    for num in arr:\n        if num < smallest:\n            smallest = num\n\n    return smallest\n\n# Test\nprint(smallest_number([5, 3, 76, 32, 11]))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class in Python to calculate the sum of two numbers",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Summation:\n    def __init__(self, a, b):\n        self.a = a\n        self.b = b\n\n    def calculate(self):\n        return self.a + self.b\n\n# Test\nsum1 = Summation(3, 5)\nprint(sum1.calculate())"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a Python function to search for a specific element in an array",
            "input": "[1, 4, 2, 6]",
            "output": "def search_element(arr, x): \n    for i in range(len(arr)): \n        if arr[i] == x: \n            return i \n    return -1\n\n# Test\nprint(search_element([1, 4, 2, 6], 4))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML page with a button and a tag cloud",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n  <head>\n    <title>Tag Cloud</title>\n    <style>\n        .tag-cloud {\n            position: relative;\n            font-size: 0;\n        }\n\n        .tag {\n            display: inline-block;\n            border-radius: 10px;\n            padding: 10px 20px;\n            font-size: 15px;\n            margin: 10px;\n            background: #999;\n        }\n\n        button {\n            position: absolute;\n            bottom: 5px;\n            right: 5px;\n        }\n    </style>\n  </head>\n  <body>\n    <div class=\"tag-cloud\">\n        <div class=\"tag\">Tag1</div>\n        <div class=\"tag\">Tag2</div>\n        <div class=\"tag\">Tag3</div>\n        <div class=\"tag\">Tag4</div>\n        <div class=\"tag\">Tag5</div>\n    </div>\n    <button>Show Tags</button>\n  </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to count the items in a table",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM table_name;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a Java program to print the fibonacci series up to n",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class Fibonacci {\n\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        int n = 10;\n\n        System.out.println(\"Fibonacci series up to \" + n +\":\");\n        int f0 = 0;\n        int f1 = 1;\n\n        System.out.print(f0 + \" \" + f1);\n\n        for(int i = 2; i < n; i++){\n            int f2 = f0 + f1;\n            System.out.print(\" \" + f2);\n            f0 = f1;\n            f1 = f2;\n        }\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code in C to sort an array in ascending order",
            "input": "[20, 76, 43, 12, 39]",
            "output": "#include <stdio.h> \n  \n// Function to sort an array in ascending order \nvoid sortAsc(int arr[], int n) \n{ \n    int i, j, temp; \n    for (i = 0; i < n-1; i++) \n      \n    // Last i elements are already in place \n    for (j = 0; j < n-i-1; j++) \n        if (arr[j] > arr[j+1]) \n        { \n            temp = arr[j]; \n            arr[j] = arr[j+1]; \n            arr[j+1] = temp; \n        } \n} \n  \n// Function to print an array \nvoid printArray(int arr[], int size) \n{ \n    int i; \n    for (i=0; i < size; i++) \n        printf(\"%d \", arr[i]); \n    printf(\"\\n\"); \n} \n  \n// Driver program to test above functions \nint main() \n{ \n    int arr[] = {20, 76, 43, 12, 39}; \n    int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]); \n  \n    sortAsc(arr, n); \n    printf(\"Sorted array: \\n\"); \n    printArray(arr, n); \n    return 0; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a Python program to check if two strings are anagrams",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def isAnagram(s1, s2):  \n    # remove white spaces\n    s1 = s1.replace(' ', '')\n    s2 = s2.replace(' ', '')\n\n    # sort both strings\n    s1 = ''.join(sorted(s1))\n    s2 = ''.join(sorted(s2))\n  \n    # if both sorted strings are equal, then strings are anagrams\n    return s1 == s2\n\n# Test\nstr1 = 'earth'\nstr2 = 'heart'\n\nif isAnagram(str1, str2):\n    print('The two strings are anagrams')\nelse:\n    print('The two strings are not anagrams')"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop a Ruby program to perform linear search on a given array",
            "input": "[12, 43, 70, 12, 2, 89]",
            "output": "def linear_search(arr, x) \n    for i in 0...arr.length \n        if arr[i] == x \n            return i \n    end \n    return -1\nend\n\n# Test\narr = [12, 43, 70, 12, 2, 89]\nx = 89\nresult = linear_search(arr, x) \n\nif result == -1\n  puts \"Element not found\"\nelse\n  puts \"Element found at index #{result}\"\nend"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a CSS code to set the text color of a class as blue",
            "input": "",
            "output": ".class {\n    color: blue;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a web page with two radio buttons and two text inputs",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n<head>\n    <title>Form</title>\n</head>\n<body>\n    <h2>Form</h2>\n    <form action=\"\">\n        <input type=\"radio\" name=\"gender\" value=\"male\"> Male<br>\n        <input type=\"radio\" name=\"gender\" value=\"female\"> Female<br><br>\n\n        <label for=\"name\">Name: </label>\n        <input type=\"text\" name=\"name\" id=\"name\"><br>\n\n        <label for=\"age\">Age: </label>\n        <input type=\"text\" name=\"age\" id=\"age\"><br>\n\n        <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\">\n    </form>\n</body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL statement to create a table with the columns id, name, and age.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "CREATE TABLE myTable (\n  id INTEGER,\n  Name VARCHAR(50),\n  Age INTEGER\n);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use C++ to create a vector of size 5 and assign each index a random integer between 1 and 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n#include <vector>\n#include <random>\n\nstd::vector<int> v(5);\nstd::mt19937 rng;\nrng.seed(std::random_device()());\nstd::uniform_int_distribution<std::mt19937::result_type> dist1(1, 10);\n\nfor (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {\n   v[i] = dist1(rng);\n   std::cout << v[i] << std::endl;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the following HTML code to insert a paragraph with the text \"Hello, world!\"",
            "input": "<div>\n   <h1>This is a heading</h1>\n</div>",
            "output": "<div>\n   <h1>This is a heading</h1>\n   <p>Hello, world!</p>\n</div>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an array of 10 random numbers and sort the array in ascending order using JavaScript.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "var myArray = [];\n\nfor (var i = 0; i < 10; i++) {\n   myArray.push(Math.floor(Math.random() * 100));\n}\n\nmyArray.sort(function (a, b) {\n  return a - b;\n});\n\nconsole.log(myArray);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a random character string of 5 characters long in JavaScript.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "var result           = '';\n var characters       = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';\n var charactersLength = characters.length;\n for ( var i = 0; i < 5; i++ ) {\n    result += characters.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * charactersLength));\n }\n console.log(result);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use SQL to select only rows where the name column is equal to \"John Doe\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM TableName WHERE Name = 'John Doe';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a for loop in JavaScript that prints the numbers from 1 to 10 in reverse order.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for (var i = 10; i > 0; i--){\n   console.log(i);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in JavaScript that returns the square of a number.",
            "input": "11",
            "output": "function square(num){\n  return num * num;\n}\n\nvar result = square(11);\nconsole.log(result);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use Python to generate a random integer between 1 and 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import random\n\nrandom_number = random.randint(1, 10)\nprint(random_number)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Classify the following text as either positive or negative sentiment using a machine learning algorithm in Python.",
            "input": "This movie was terrible!",
            "output": "negative sentiment"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Python to calculate the Fibonacci sequence up to the 10th number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def Fibonacci(n): \n    if n<0: \n        print(\"Incorrect input\") \n    # First Fibonacci number is 0 \n    elif n==1: \n        return 0\n    # Second Fibonacci number is 1 \n    elif n==2: \n        return 1\n    else: \n        return Fibonacci(n-1)+Fibonacci(n-2) \n\n# Driver Program \n\nprint(Fibonacci(10))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a C program to search a given element in an array.",
            "input": "[1,2,3,4,5], 4",
            "output": "#include <stdio.h> \n#include <stdlib.h> \n  \nint search(int arr[], int n, int x) \n{ \n    int i; \n    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) \n        if (arr[i] == x) \n            return i; \n    return -1; \n} \n   \nint main(void) \n{ \n    int arr[] = {1,2,3,4,5}; \n    int x = 4; \n    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); \n    int result = search(arr, n, x); \n    (result == -1) ? printf(\"Element is not present in array\") \n                   : printf(\"Element is present at index %d\", result); \n    return 0; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python program to find the sum of all prime numbers in a given range.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def sum_of_prime_numbers(lower, upper): \n    sum = 0\n    while lower <= upper: \n        if is_prime(lower): \n            sum += lower \n        lower += 1\n    return sum\n\ndef is_prime(n):\n    if n == 1: \n        return False\n    for i in range(2, n//2 + 1): \n        if n%i == 0:\n            return False \n    return True\n\nprint(sum_of_prime_numbers(1, 10))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a decision tree to classify emails.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def email_classifier():\n    root = {\"label\": \"is spam\"}\n    # Check for spam features\n    spam_features = {\"label\": \"are there spam features?\",\n                     \"yes\": \"is spam\", \"no\": \"not spam\"}\n    root[\"subtree\"] = spam_features\n    # Check for swear words\n    swear_words = {\"label\": \"are there swear words?\",\n                   \"yes\": \"is spam\", \"no\": \"not spam\"}\n    spam_features[\"subtree\"] = swear_words\n    # Check for other features\n    other_features = {\"label\": \"are there other suspicious features?\",\n                      \"yes\": \"is spam\", \"no\": \"not spam\"}\n    swear_words[\"subtree\"] = other_features\n    return root\nprint(email_classifier())"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using the comments as a guide, complete the function to generate a list of all prime numbers in a given range.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def get_prime_numbers(lower, upper):\n    prime_list = []\n    #loop through the range\n    for num in range(lower, upper+1): \n        #check if the number is prime\n        if is_prime_number(num):\n            prime_list.append(num)\n    return prime_list\n\ndef is_prime_number(number):\n    if number == 1: \n        return False \n    for i in range(2, number//2 + 1): \n        if (number % i) == 0: \n            return False \n    return True\n\nprint(get_prime_numbers(1, 10))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class for a car that has the following attributes: color, speed, and number of doors.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Car:\n    def __init__(self, color, speed, num_of_doors):\n        self.color = color\n        self.speed = speed\n        self.num_of_doors = num_of_doors\n\n    def get_color(self):\n        return self.color\n    \n    def get_speed(self):\n        return self.speed\n    \n    def get_num_of_doors(self):\n        return self.num_of_doors"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a JSON string, what is the best way to parse it?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The best way to parse a JSON string is to use a JSON parsing library such as json.loads() in Python or JSON.parse() in JavaScript."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a string of size 5, write a C++ program to convert all the characters to capital letters.",
            "input": "Test",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n#include <cctype>\n\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n  string str = \"Test\";\n  for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++)\n      str[i] = toupper(str[i]);\n  \n  cout << str;\n  \n  return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How do you use inheritance in Java?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "In Java, inheritance is achieved with the \"extends\" keyword. This allows a child class to inherit the methods and variables of its parent class. For example:\n\npublic class Parent {\n  public void hello() {\n    System.out.println(\"Hello from Parent class!\");\n  }\n}\n\npublic class Child extends Parent {\n  // Child class inherits the hello() method from its parent class\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the syntax to create a constructor in C++?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The syntax to create a constructor in C++ is to use the class name followed by parentheses. For example:\n\nclass MyClass { \n  public: \n      MyClass();   // Constructor \n};"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a query in MongoDB to count the number of documents in a collection.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "db.collection.countDocuments()"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How do you perform exception handling in Python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Exception handling in Python is done using try and except blocks. The code that can potentially raise an exception is put in the try block, and the code to handle the exception is written in the except block. For example:\n\ntry:\n   # Code that can cause exception\nexcept ExceptionName:\n   # Code to handle exception"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the best method for making an asynchronous call in JavaScript?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The best way to make an asynchronous call in JavaScript is to use the Promise API. This allows the asynchronous call to be made without blocking the main thread. For example:\n\nfetch('https://example.com/data')\n  .then(res => res.json())\n  .then(data => console.log(data))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a query in MySQL to select the title of all movies released between 1990 and 1995.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT title FROM movies WHERE year BETWEEN 1990 AND 1995;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the purpose of IP addresses.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "An IP (Internet Protocol) address is a numerical label that is assigned to devices connected to a computer network. It is used to identify and locate the device on the network, allowing for communication between devices, as well as providing access to different network services."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given an array of integers, how do you sort it in ascending order using Bubble Sort?",
            "input": "[5,1,7,2,4]",
            "output": "# Create a flag variable and set it to True\nflag = True\n\n# Create a while loop to execute the sorting process\nwhile flag:\n  # Set flag to False\n  flag = False\n  # Create a for loop to iterate over array\n  for i in range(len(array)-1):\n    # Compare adjacent elements\n    if array[i] > array[i+1]:\n      # If the elements are out of order, swap them\n      array[i], array[i+1] = array[i+1], array[i]\n      # Set the flag to True to re-iterate the loop\n      flag = True\n\n# Print the sorted array\nprint(array)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How do you define a class in Python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "In Python, a class can be defined using the class keyword followed by the name of the class. The class is then prefixed with basic state variables and methods. For example:\n\nclass MyClass:\n  def __init__(self, var1, var2):\n    self.var1 = var1\n    self.var2 = var2\n\n  def myMethod(self):\n    # Code to execute\n    pass"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a list of strings, how do you search for a substring in each string using Python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "To search for a substring in a list of strings using Python, you can use a for loop to iterate through the list and check if the substring is present in the string using the in keyword. For example:\n\nmylist = [\"Hello\", \"World\", \"Foo\", \"Bar\"]\n\nfor i in mylist:\n  if \"oo\" in i:\n    print(\"Substring found!\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a PHP function that takes a string parameter and prints the value of the parameter to the console.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function printString($str) {\n    echo $str;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following C++ code such that it prints out \"Hello, World!\"",
            "input": "#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    cout << \"Goodbye, World!\" << endl;\n    return 0;\n}",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\nint main() {\n    cout << \"Hello, World!\" << endl;\n    return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Identify the type of linked list present in the following code?",
            "input": "struct Node{\n    int data;\n    Node* next;\n\n};",
            "output": "Singly Linked List"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to find the sum of the values of the column named 'profit' from a table named 'sales'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT SUM(profit) FROM sales;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a HTML page with a heading \"Welcome to my Website\"",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html> \n   <head> \n      <title>Welcome to my Website</title> \n   </head> \n   <body> \n      <h1>Welcome to my Website</h1> \n   </body> \n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a bash script to backup the contents of the folder named 'data' in the current directory",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#!/bin/bash\n\nDATE=`date +%Y-%m-%d`\n\ntar -zcvf backup-$DATE.tar.gz data/"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the concept of callback functions in Javascript.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A callback function is a function that is passed as an argument to another function and is executed after some kind of event has taken place. In Javascript, it is common to pass a callback function to an asynchronous function (such as a setTimeout() or an event listener) to be executed when the asynchronous function completes its task. Callback functions are a common way in Javascript to make sure certain code does not execute until other asynchronous processes have been completed."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a depth-first search algorithm in Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def dfs(graph, start):\n    visited, stack = set(), [start]\n    while stack:\n        vertex = stack.pop()\n        if vertex not in visited:\n            visited.add(vertex)\n            stack.extend(graph[vertex] - visited)\n    return visited"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a function that adds two binary numbers given their string representations.",
            "input": "num1 = \"11\"\nnum2 = \"11\"",
            "output": "def add_binary(num1, num2):\n  n1, n2 = int(num1, 2), int(num2, 2)\n  res = bin(n1+n2)[2:]\n  return res"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write code to find if a given number is prime.",
            "input": "num = 5",
            "output": "def is_prime(num):\n  # set the range to check \n  for x in range(2, num): \n    # check the factors \n    if num % x == 0: \n      # return false if there is a factor \n      return False \n  # return True if there no factors\n  return True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write code to check if two binary trees are identical or not.",
            "input": "tree1: \n  3\n / \\\n4   5\n\ntree2:\n  3\n / \\\n4   4",
            "output": "def is_identical(tree1, tree2):\n    \n    if tree1 is None and tree2 is None:\n        return True\n    \n    if tree1 is None or tree2 is None:\n        return False\n    \n    # Check if data of both tree is same     \n    if tree1.data != tree2.data:\n        return False\n    \n    #recur for structure of left and right    \n    return (is_identical(tree1.left, tree2.left) and is_identical(tree1.right, tree2.right))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function that takes two strings and checks if they are anagrams.",
            "input": "string1 = \"silent\"\nstring2 = \"listen\"",
            "output": "def is_anagram(string1, string2): \n    # Removing all the whitespace  \n    string1 = string1.replace(\" \", \"\")  \n    string2 = string2.replace(\" \", \"\")  \n    \n    # Sorting both the string  \n    string1_sorted = sorted(string1)  \n    string2_sorted = sorted(string2)  \n  \n    # Checking both the strings  \n    if (string1_sorted == string2_sorted):  \n        return True \n    else:  \n        return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create Python code to find out the number of times a word appears in a given string.",
            "input": "text = \"Hello world, how are you? I am fine. I am also doing great.\"\nword = \"am\"",
            "output": "def count_word(text, word):\n    # split the text into words \n    words = text.split() \n  \n    # count the occurrence of the word \n    count = 0\n    for w in words: \n        if w.lower() == word.lower(): \n            count += 1\n  \n    return count"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to check the validity of parenthesis in a given expression.",
            "input": "exp = '(())[({[]})()]'",
            "output": "def check_parenthesis(exp):\n  \n    stack = list()\n    for character in exp:\n        \n        if character in {'(', '[', '{'}:\n            stack.append(character)\n        \n        else:\n            if not stack:\n                return False\n            \n            top = stack.pop()\n            if top is '(' and character is not ')':\n                return False\n            if top is '[' and character is not ']':\n                return False\n            if top is '{' and character is not '}':\n                return False\n    \n    if stack:\n        return False\n    \n    return True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to remove a given character from a given string.",
            "input": "string = \"Hello world!\"\nchar = \"l\"",
            "output": "def remove_char(string, char):\n    return string.replace(char, '')"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compare two strings using a method of your choice and output true if they are equal and false if they are not.",
            "input": "String1:\"hello\"\nString2:\"hello world\"",
            "output": "false"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the area of a triangle given the length of its three sides.",
            "input": "Side 1: 2\nSide 2: 3\nSide 3: 4",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nCalculate the area of a triangle given the length of its three sides.\n\"\"\"\ndef area(side1, side2, side3):\n    perimeter = (side1 + side2 + side3) / 2\n    area = (perimeter * (perimeter - side1) * (perimeter - side2) * (perimeter - side3)) ** 0.5\n    return area\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    side1 = 2\n    side2 = 3\n    side3 = 4\n    print(area(side1, side2, side3))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to fetch the weather details of a specific location using an appropriate API.",
            "input": "City: Singapore",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nCreate a function to fetch the weather details of a specific city using an appropriate API.\n\"\"\"\n\nimport requests\n\ndef get_weather(city):\n    url = f'https://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather?q={city}&appid=<YOUR_API_KEY>'\n    response = requests.get(url)\n    data = response.json()\n    return data\n    \nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    city = 'Singapore'\n    print(get_weather(city))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Output the total number of line of codes in a given folder.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nOutput the total number of lines of code in a given folder.\n\"\"\"\n\nimport os\n\ndef count_lines_of_code(dir_name):\n    count = 0\n    for dir_path, _, files in os.walk(dir_name):\n        for f in files:\n            if f.endswith(('.py', '.java', '.js')):\n                file_path = os.path.join(dir_path, f)\n                with open(file_path) as f:\n                    count += len(f.readlines())\n    return count\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    dir_name = 'example_dir'\n    print(count_lines_of_code(dir_name))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL query to find the sum of salaries of all employees working in the marketing department.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT SUM(salary) FROM Employees WHERE department = 'Marketing';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the code to output the sum of squares of all numbers from 1 to 10.",
            "input": "for i in range(1, 11):\n    print(i)",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nModify the code to output the sum of squares of all numbers from 1 to 10.\n\"\"\"\n\nsum = 0\nfor i in range(1, 11):\n    sum += i ** 2\nprint(sum)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a list of the first 10 prime numbers",
            "input": "",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nGenerate a list of the first 10 prime numbers\n\"\"\"\n\ndef prime_numbers(n):\n    primes = [] \n    i = 2 \n    while len(primes) < n: \n        if all(i % prime != 0 for prime in primes): \n            primes.append(i) \n        i += 1\n    return primes\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    n = 10\n    print(prime_numbers(n))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compress a given string using the Huffman coding algorithm.",
            "input": "\"hello world\"",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nCompress a given string using the Huffman coding algorithm.\n\"\"\"\n\nimport collections\n \ndef compress(data):\n    code_table = {} \n    freq = collections.Counter(data) \n    build_min_heap(freq) \n    generated_codes(freq, code_table, \"\") \n    encoded_data = \"\" \n    for character in data: \n        encoded_data += code_table[character] \n    return encoded_data"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a list of numbers, write a program that outputs the largest and the smallest numbers",
            "input": "[5, 2, 7, 3]",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nGiven a list of numbers, write a program that outputs the largest and the smallest numbers.\n\"\"\"\n\ndef min_max(nums):\n    min_num = nums[0]\n    max_num = nums[0]\n    for i in nums:\n        if i < min_num:\n            min_num = i\n        if i > max_num:\n            max_num = i\n    return min_num, max_num\n \nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    nums = [5, 2, 7, 3]\n    print(min_max(nums))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the mean of the following list",
            "input": "[2, 4, 5, 9, 14]",
            "output": "7"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the area of a square.",
            "input": "Length of the side = 5",
            "output": "25"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python script to extract all words that start with the letter \u2018a\u2019 from the text.",
            "input": "The apple tree has been around since time immemorial.",
            "output": "['apple', 'around', 'since', 'time']"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Change the following line of code so it successfully displays the number of days in the current month.",
            "input": "print(calendar.monthrange(datetime.datetime.now().year)[datetime.datetime.now().month])",
            "output": "print(calendar.monthrange(datetime.datetime.now().year, datetime.datetime.now().month)[1])"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a regular expression to find all words that begin with a capital letter followed by any other lowercase letters.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "[A-Z][a-z]*"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript code to navigate a webpage to a given URL",
            "input": "URL = https://www.example.com",
            "output": "window.location.replace(\"https://www.example.com\");"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What will be the output of the following Java code?",
            "input": "int a = 8;\nint b = 6;\nSystem.out.println(a/b);",
            "output": "1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use list comprehension to generate the square of all elements in the list.",
            "input": "list = [2, 3, 5]",
            "output": "newlist = [x*x for x in list]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Reverse a string using recursion",
            "input": "str = \"Hello World\"",
            "output": "def reverse(str):\n      if len(str) == 0:\n        return str\n      else:\n        return reverse(str[1:]) + str[0]\n\nprint(reverse(\"Hello World\"))\n\nOutput:\ndlroW olleH"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Provide the output from the following program.",
            "input": "for (i=1; i<5; i++) {\n  console.log(i * i * i);\n}",
            "output": "1\n8\n27\n64"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that displays the sum of two arguments in Bash.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#!/bin/bash\n\nadd() {\n echo $(( $1 + $2 ))\n}\n\nadd $1 $2"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Correct the mistakes (if any) in the following program.",
            "input": "def printi(string):\n    for i in string:\n        print i",
            "output": "def printi(string):\n    for i in string:\n        print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a CSS class to change the font-size of the following links to 11px.",
            "input": "<a href=\"1.html\">Link 1</a>\n<a href=\"2.html\">Link 2</a>",
            "output": "a {\n  font-size: 11px;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop a code for a game manager which will rotate players in turn to take their turns.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let turn = 0;\nlet playerNum = 4; //four players\n\n//Function to rotate players in turn.\nfunction nextTurn(){\n  turn = (turn + 1) % playerNum;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use the following list to modify the code such that it prints out only the numbers and not the strings.",
            "input": "list = [\"1\", \"python\", \"2\", \"javascript\", \"3\", \"pydata\", \"4\", \"pandas\"]",
            "output": "list = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\", \"4\"]\nfor elem in list:\n    if elem.isdigit():\n        print(elem)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop a script which will calculate the surface area of a sphere using its radius.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "const calculateSurfaceArea = (r) => {\n  return 4 * Math.PI * (r * r);\n}\n\nlet surfaceArea = calculateSurfaceArea(radius);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a postgres query to find all the Persons whose name starts with the letter \"T\"",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * \nFROM Persons \nWHERE name like 'T%';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Reserve the following table of 3x2 dimension in C.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "int table[3][2];"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a list comprehension to generate a new list containing the squares of all the even numbers from the following list.",
            "input": "list_num = [3, 1, 9, 5, 11, 4, 7]",
            "output": "list_num = [3, 1, 9, 5, 11, 4, 7]\neven_squared_list = [num**2 for num in list_num if num % 2 == 0]\nprint(even_squared_list) # output: [16, 4]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Apply the following validation to the user\u2019s email address such that the output could be either true or false.",
            "input": "email = \"joe_doe@gmail.com\"",
            "output": "import re\n\nregex = \"^\\w+([\\.-]?\\w+)*@\\w+([\\.-]?\\w+)*(\\.\\w{2,3})+$\" \n\nif(re.search(regex, email)):  \n  result = True\nelse:  \n  result = False\n\nprint(result) # Output: true"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Enhance the following code to detect if a triangle is equilateral, isosceles or scalene.",
            "input": "a = 3\nb = 3\nc = 4",
            "output": "if a == b and b == c:\n  print(\"The triangle is equilateral.\")\nelif a == b or b == c or a == c:\n  print(\"The triangle is isosceles.\")\nelse:\n  print(\"The triangle is scalene.\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given an array of n elements and a number x, determine whether the array contains an element x.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def contains(arr, x):\n\tfor elem in arr:\n\t\tif elem == x:\n\t\t\treturn True\n\treturn False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to delete an element at the specified index in a given array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def delete_at_index(arr, index):\n    if index < 0 or index >= len(arr):\n        return False\n    del arr[index]\n    return arr"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program that takes three integer command-line arguments, a, b, and c, and prints the number of distinct values it can generate from a^b+c.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def distinct_values(a, b, c):\n    result = set()\n    for i in range(0, b+1):\n        v = a ** i + c\n        result.add(v)\n    return len(result)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program to find the summation of all the numeric items in a given list.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def sum_list_items(items):\n    sum = 0\n    for x in items:\n        sum += x\n    return sum"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes an array of integers, and an integer n, and returns the sum of all multiples of n in the array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def multiples_sum(arr, n):\n    sum = 0\n    for x in arr:\n        if x % n == 0:\n            sum += x\n    return sum"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML page that displays an ordered list of strings provided in an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n<body>\n<h1>My List</h1>\n<ol>\n  <li>String1</li>\n  <li>String2</li>\n  <li>String3</li>\n  <!-- and so on --> \n</ol>\n</body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an SQL query to find the sum of temperatures of all entries in a table called \u201cweather_reports\u201d",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT SUM(temperature) FROM weather_reports;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite the following code segment using JavaScript promises.",
            "input": "function f1() {\n  setTimeout(function(){ \n    console.log('f1'); \n  }, 100);\n}\nfunction f2() {\n  setTimeout(function(){ \n    console.log('f2'); \n  }, 10);\n}",
            "output": "function f1() {\n  return new Promise(resolve => {\n    setTimeout(() => { \n      console.log('f1');\n      resolve(); \n    }, 100);\n  });\n}\n\nfunction f2() {\n  return new Promise(resolve => {\n    setTimeout(() => {\n      console.log('f2'); \n      resolve();\n    }, 10);\n  });\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Change the following CSS code to include a hover effect.",
            "input": ".button {\n  background-color: #4CAF50;\n  border: none;\n  color: white;\n  padding: 15px 32px;\n  text-align: center;\n  text-decoration: none;\n  display: inline-block;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  margin: 4px 2px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n}",
            "output": ".button {\n  background-color: #4CAF50;\n  border: none;\n  color: white;\n  padding: 15px 32px;\n  text-align: center;\n  text-decoration: none;\n  display: inline-block;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  margin: 4px 2px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n}\n  \n.button:hover {\n  background-color: #45A049;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to find all customers who have an \"ANY\" package",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM customers WHERE package = 'ANY';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to find all prime numbers between x and y.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def findPrime(x, y):\n  prime_list = []\n  for num in range(x, y + 1):\n    if num > 1:\n      for i in range(2, num):\n        if (num % i) == 0:\n          break\n      else:\n        prime_list.append(num)\n  return prime_list"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Change the following code snippet to a async version using JavaScript promises.",
            "input": "function slowFunction(a, b) {\n  return new Promise(resolve => {\n    setTimeout(() => {\n      const c = a + b\n      console.log(c)\n      resolve(c)\n    }, 1000)\n  })\n}",
            "output": "async function slowFunction(a, b) {\n  const c = await new Promise(resolve => {\n    setTimeout(() => {\n      const c = a + b\n      console.log(c)\n      resolve(c)\n    }, 1000)\n  })\n  return c\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C code snippet to generate a random number between 0 and 100.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <stdlib.h>\n#include <time.h>\n \nint random_number()\n{\n\tsrand(time(0));\n\treturn rand() % 101;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Update the following code so the link will open in a new tab.",
            "input": "<a href=\"https://example.com\">Visit my website</a>",
            "output": "<a href=\"https://example.com\" target=\"_blank\">Visit my website</a>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java code snippet to store temperature data from a temperature sensor in an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "int[] temperatureData = new int[100];\nint i = 0; \nwhile (sensor.hasNext()) {  \n    temperatureData[i] = sensor.next();\n    i++; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the following JSON object to XML format.",
            "input": "{\"name\": \"John\", \"age\":32, \"address\": \"New York\"}",
            "output": "<person>\n  <name>John</name>\n  <age>32</age>\n  <address>New York</address>\n</person>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain what a ternary operator is and how to use it in JavaScript.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A ternary operator is a type of conditional operator which takes three operands and evaluates a boolean expression. It is used for making decisions based on two possible outcomes. The syntax for a ternary operator is condition ? expression1 : expression2, where condition is an expression that evaluates to either true or false, and expressions 1 and 2 are the values to be returned if the condition is true or false, respectively. For example, a ternary operator can be used in JavaScript to assign a variable based on a given condition like this: \n\nlet variable = condition ? expression1 : expression2;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a solution that finds the palindromic numbers between two given numbers",
            "input": "Range: (2,15)",
            "output": "def find_palindromic_numbers(start, end): \n    result = []\n    for i in range(start, end + 1): \n        if str(i) == (str(i))[::-1]: \n            result.append(i) \n    return result"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the best way to find duplicate elements in an array?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The best way to find duplicate elements in an array is to iterate over the array and use a hash table to store values that have been seen before. The hash table can then be checked to see if any element appears more than once. If elements appear more than once, then those are the duplicate elements."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert a pair of comma-separated coordinates into two variables of type float.",
            "input": "30.259434, -97.744365",
            "output": "longitude, latitude = float(30.259434), float(-97.744365)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the given SQL query to add a 'group by' clause.",
            "input": "SELECT COUNT(*), city\n    FROM census\n    WHERE population > 45000;",
            "output": "SELECT COUNT(*), city\n    FROM census\n    WHERE population > 45000\n    GROUP BY city;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Bash script that defines an array of fruit and prints the elements of the array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#!/bin/bash\n\nfruit=(\"apple\" \"banana\" \"cherry\")\n\nfor i in \"${fruit[@]}\"\ndo\n    echo \"$i\"\ndone"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given the declared array \"ages\", write a loop to print each member of the array.",
            "input": "ages = [23, 16, 17, 20, 18]",
            "output": "for age in ages:\n    print(age)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a regular expression that matches all strings that start with the letter 'a'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "^a.+"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How do you set a font color in HTML?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "In HTML, you can set the font color by adding the style attribute to the text or element. The style attribute should contain the color name or hex value, preceded by the CSS property color. For example: <p style=\"color:red;\">This text will be red.</p>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the result of 1111 modulo 10?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The result of 1111 modulo 10 is 1."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a method to combine the elements of two arrays.",
            "input": "Array1: [1, 2, 3] Array2: [4, 5, 6]",
            "output": "def array_combine(arr1, arr2): \n    result = []\n    for x in arr1: \n        result.append(x) \n    for y in arr2: \n        result.append(y) \n    return result"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compute the cosine similarity between vectors u and v.",
            "input": "Vector u: [1, 0, -1] Vector v: [9, 5, -4]",
            "output": "cosine_similarity = (1 * 9 + 0 * 5 + (-1) * (-4)) / (sqrt(1 + 0 + 1) * (sqrt(9 + 5 + 4))) = 0.816"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function that takes a given string and returns the n-grams of that string.",
            "input": "String: \"the quick brown fox\"\nn: 3",
            "output": "def n_grams(string, n): \n    gram_list = []\n    for i in range(len(string)-(n-1)):\n        gram_list.append(string[i:i+n])\n    return gram_list\n\nngrams = n_grams(\"the quick brown fox\", 3)\nprint(ngrams)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a valid UID for a given customer.",
            "input": "Customer ID: 1234567",
            "output": "UID = hashlib.sha256('1234567'.encode()).hexdigest()"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain in one sentence what a tree data structure is.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A tree data structure is a hierarchical structure of nodes where each node holds data and points to its child nodes."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Implement a while loop in Java to print the numbers from 0 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class Main {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        int i = 0;\n        while (i <= 10) {\n            System.out.println(i);\n            i++;\n        }\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the number of characters in the following sentence.",
            "input": "Paris is the capital of France.",
            "output": "The sentence has 25 characters."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to select the first name, last name and age of customers older than 30.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT first_name, last_name, age\nFROM customers\nWHERE age > 30;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an HTML page that displays your name and the names of your three favorite hobbies",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html>\n    <head>\n        <title>My Hobbies</title>\n    </head>\n    <body>\n        <p>My name is John Doe and my three favorite hobbies are music, reading, and hiking.</p>\n    </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a random password using 10 characters and include a mix of lowercase and uppercase letters and numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "5KjS5F5fl0"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the average of the numbers in the following array.",
            "input": "[3, 10, 7, 4]",
            "output": "The average of the numbers in the array is 6."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write the code in Python to print the number of days in a given year.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import calendar\n\nyear = 2019\n\ndays_in_year = calendar.monthrange(year, 12)[1]\n\nprint(\"Number of days in the year: %s\" % days_in_year)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python code to create a loop that prints the numbers 1 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for i in range(1, 11): \n  print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to count the number of employees whose salary is greater than $50,000.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees WHERE salary > 50000;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert this array of integers [-3, 5, 2, 7, 8] into a JavaScript array literal.",
            "input": "[-3, 5, 2, 7, 8]",
            "output": "[-3,5,2,7,8]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScirpt code to create a loop that adds all the values in an array.",
            "input": "arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "let sum = 0; \nfor (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { \n    sum += arr[i]; \n} \nconsole.log(sum);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python code to sort a list of five numbers in increasing order.",
            "input": "myList = [8, 9, 5, 1, 10]",
            "output": "myList.sort() \nprint(myList)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C# code to check if a string is an anagram of another string.",
            "input": "str1 = \"listen\"\nstr2 = \"silent\"",
            "output": "public static bool IsAnagram(string str1, string str2) {  \n    // Check for empty strings \n    if (str1.Length != str2.Length) \n        return false; \n  \n    int[] count = new int[ALPHABET_SIZE]; \n  \n    // Increase the count of characters in str1 \n    for (int i = 0; i < str1.Length; i++) \n        count[str1[i] - 'a']++; \n  \n    // Decrease the count of characters in str2 \n    for (int i = 0; i < str2.Length; i++) \n        count[str2[i] - 'a']--; \n  \n    // If all characters are matched, the count array will be full of 0s \n    for (int i = 0; i < ALPHABET_SIZE; i++) \n        if (count[i] != 0) \n            return false; \n  \n    return true; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to create a random integer between two values.",
            "input": "min = 0\nmax = 10",
            "output": "function randomIntInRange(min, max) {\n  return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1) + min); \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python code to check if a string contains the word \"hello\".",
            "input": "myString = \"hello, world!\"",
            "output": "if \"hello\" in myString:\n    print(\"The string contains the word 'hello'.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"The string does not contain the word 'hello'.\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is a data structure commonly used to store data?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A common data structure used to store data is an array. An array is an ordered data structure which stores elements of the same type. Arrays are used to store collections of data, such as lists or tables, and allow for fast lookup and retrieval of data items. Other data structures include linked lists, stacks, queues, and trees."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a 3-dimensional array in NumPy of shape(3,3,3)",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import numpy as np\n\narr = np.zeros((3,3,3), dtype=int)\nprint(arr)\n\n# Output\n[[[0 0 0]\n  [0 0 0]\n  [0 0 0]]\n\n [[0 0 0]\n  [0 0 0]\n  [0 0 0]]\n\n [[0 0 0]\n  [0 0 0]\n  [0 0 0]]]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Parse an HTML page with BeautifulSoup.",
            "input": "example.txt\n\n<html>\n<body>\n  <p>This is a paragraph.</p>\n  <h1>Heading 1</h1>\n</body>",
            "output": "import requests\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n\nresponse = requests.get('example.txt')\nsoup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, \"html.parser\") \nfor paragraph in soup.find_all('p'): \n    print(paragraph.text) \nprint() \nfor heading in soup.find_all('h1'): \n    print(heading.text) \n\n# Output\nThis is a paragraph.\nHeading 1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the average of five numbers stored in an array",
            "input": "arr = [1,2,3,4,5]",
            "output": "arr = [1,2,3,4,5] \navg = sum(arr) / len(arr)\nprint(avg) \n\n# Output\n3.0"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a shared memory segment to increase communication speed between two processes",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import mmap\n\n# create the shared memory segment\nsegment = mmap.mmap(-1, 1024, tagname='my_shared_memory') \n# write a message to the segment\nsegment.write(\"Hello World!\") \n# read the message back \nprint(segment.read()) \n\n# Output\nHello World!"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTTP request with the Python Requests library",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import requests\n\nurl = 'https://example.com'\nresponse = requests.get(url)\nprint(response.status_code)\n\n# Output"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Java function to compute the sum of an array of numbers.",
            "input": "[1, 5, 6, 2, -1]",
            "output": "public static int sumArray(int[] array) { \n    int sum = 0; \n    for (int i : array)  \n        sum += i; \n  \n    return sum; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop a function in JavaScript that determines whether an integer is positive, negative or zero.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function isPositiveNegativeZero(num) { \n  if (num > 0) \n    return \"positive\"; \n  \n  else if (num < 0) \n    return \"negative\"; \n  \n  else\n    return \"zero\"; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewite the following code in Python to use functions instead of repeated code lines.",
            "input": "arr = [4, 2, 8, 1, 9]\nmax = 0\nfor x in arr:\n   if x > max:\n       max = x\nprint(max)",
            "output": "def getMax(arr):\n    max = 0\n    for x in arr:\n        if x > max:\n            max = x\n    return max\n\narr = [4, 2, 8, 1, 9]\nmaxValue = getMax(arr)\nprint(maxValue)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript function that takes an array and an index as parameters and prints the element at the given index.",
            "input": "[1, 2, 8, 4, 5], 3",
            "output": "function getElement(array, index) {\n    console.log(array[index]);\n}\n\ngetElement([1, 2, 8, 4, 5], 3); // Prints 4"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program to rotate the elements in an array by a given number.",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], 2",
            "output": "public static void rotateArray(int[] arr, int n) { \n    int temp; \n    int rotations = n % arr.length; \n  \n    while (rotations > 0) { \n        temp = arr[arr.length - 1]; \n  \n        for (int i = arr.length - 1; i > 0; i--) { \n            arr[i] = arr[i - 1]; \n        } \n        arr[0] = temp; \n        rotations--; \n    }  \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the code so that it prints out the number of vowels in a given string.",
            "input": "string = \"Hello, World!\"",
            "output": "# define a set of vowels \nvowels = {\"a\", \"e\", \"i\", \"o\", \"u\"} \n\n# count variable to store the count of vowels \ncount = 0\n\n#loop through the characters of the string \nfor char in string: \n    # check if the character is present in the set \n    if char in vowels: \n        count += 1\n  \n# print the result \nprint(\"Number of vowels:\", count)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a PHP function which returns the number of words in a string.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<?php \n  \n// Function to calculate the number of words  \n// in a string \nfunction countWords($string) \n{ \n    $words = 1; \n  \n    // Split the string into words \n    $wordsArr = explode(\" \", $string); \n  \n    // Iterate through each word and calculate the number of words \n    foreach ($wordsArr as $word) { \n        if (strlen($word) > 0) \n            $words++; \n    } \n  \n    // return total number of words \n    return $words; \n} \n\n?>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Transform the following HTML code into valid XML syntax.",
            "input": "<html>\n    <body>\n        <h1>Hello, World!</h1>\n        <p>This is some sample text.</p>\n    </body>\n</html>",
            "output": "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>\n<html>\n    <body>\n        <h1>Hello, World!</h1>\n        <p>This is some sample text.</p>\n    </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop a function in Swift to swap two numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "func swapNum( a: inout Int, b: inout Int)  {   \n    (a, b) = (b, a) \n} \n  \nvar a = 5\nvar b = 7\nswapNum(a: &a, b: &b) \nprint(\"After Swap : a = \\(a) , b = \\(b)\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an algorithm that counts the number of unique elements in an unsorted array.",
            "input": "[3, 6, 2, 3, 4, 6, 2]",
            "output": "# Create an empty set to store unique elements \ns = set() \n  \n# Iterate over the elements of the array and add it to the set if not already present \nfor element in arr: \n    s.add(element) \n  \n# Print the length of the set \nprint (\"Number of unique elements: \", len(s))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a web page to display a list of blog posts.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n<head></head>\n<body>\n <h2>List of Blog Posts</h2>\n <div id=\"blog_list\">\n  <!-- loop to output blog posts from database -->\n  <?php \n  $blog_posts = $db->get_blog_posts(); \n  foreach($blog_posts as $post): ?>\n   <div class=\"post\">\n    <h3><?php echo $post['title'] ?></h3>\n    <p><?php echo $post['content'] ?></p>\n   </div>\n  <?php endforeach; ?>\n </div>\n</body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class in Python to store information about a book.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Book:\n    def __init__(self, title, author, publisher, date_published):\n        self.title = title\n        self.author = author\n        self.publisher = publisher\n        self.date_published = date_published\n    \n    def get_title(self):\n        return self.title\n    \n    def get_author(self):\n        return self.author\n    \n    def get_publisher(self):\n        return self.publisher\n    \n    def get_date_published(self):\n        return self.date_published"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to find the average of all numbers in a given list of integers.",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]",
            "output": "# function to find the average of a list\ndef find_average(lst):\n    # calculate the sum\n    sum_lst = sum(lst)\n    # calculate the length\n    length = len(lst)\n    # calculate the average\n    avg = sum_lst / length\n    # return the average\n    return avg\n\n# example list\nexample_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]\n\n# find the average\nprint(find_average(example_list))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a recursive function to compute the factorial of a number n.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "# a recursive function to calculate the factorial of a number\ndef factorial(n):\n    # base case\n    if n == 1:\n        return 1\n    # recursive case\n    else:\n        return n * factorial(n - 1)\n\n# example\nprint(factorial(5))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a shell script to generate a random number from 0 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#!/bin/bash\n\n# generate a random number from 0 to 10\necho $((RANDOM % 11))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a code to create a progress bar for a specific task.",
            "input": "Number of iteratons: 10",
            "output": "import time\nimport sys\n\ndef progress_bar(iterations):\n    # find out the percentage of iterations\n    count = int(iterations / 10)\n    # loop through and create a progress bar\n    for i in range(count):\n        sys.stdout.write(\"\\r[{0}] {1}%\".format(\"=\"*(i+1), (i+1)*10))\n        sys.stdout.flush()\n        time.sleep(0.5)\n\n# example\nprogress_bar(100)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an API to delete a record in an SQL database table.",
            "input": "Table name: Cars\nRecord id: 5",
            "output": "# API endpoint to delete a record\n@app.route(\"/cars/<id>\", methods=[\"DELETE\"])\ndef delete_car(id):\n    # find the car in the database\n    car = Car.query.get(id)\n    if car:\n        # delete the record\n        db.session.delete(car)\n        db.session.commit()\n        # return success message\n        return jsonify({\"msg\": \"car deleted successfully\"})\n    else:\n        # return error message\n        return jsonify({\"msg\": \"car not found\"})"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to create a basic for loop for a given list.",
            "input": "list = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"dates\", \"figs\" ]",
            "output": "# loop through the list\nfor item in list:\n    print(item)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a query to list all the records in a database table.",
            "input": "Table name: Users",
            "output": "SELECT * \nFROM Users"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to select the name, email, and salary of employees who are at least 40 years old.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT name, email, salary FROM Employees\nWHERE age >= 40;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write out the function signature for a function that takes two integer paramters and returns their greatest common divisor.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def gcd(x, y):"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compute the sum of the first 10 numbers in an array.",
            "input": "[2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18]",
            "output": "100"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the area of a circle with a radius of 5.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "78.53981633974483"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suggest a method to remove all occurances of a given item from a linked list.",
            "input": "Linked List: 8 --> 4 --> 7 --> 2 --> 0 --> 5 --> 7\nItem to be removed: 7",
            "output": "def removeItem(head, item):   \n    # If head node is item\n    if (head != None and head.data == item):\n        head = head.next\n \n    prev = None\n    curr = head\n \n    # Traverse the double linked list\n    while (curr != None):\n        # If curr node is the item\n        if (curr.data == item):\n            # If prev node is null\n            if (prev == None):\n                curr = curr.next\n            else:\n                prev.next = curr.next\n                curr = curr.next\n        else:\n            prev = curr\n            curr = curr.next\n \n    return head"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write code to efficiently compute the value of large powers of x where x is greater than 0.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def power(x, n):\n    if n == 0:\n        return 1\n    temp = power(x, int(n/2))\n    if (n % 2) == 0:\n        return temp * temp\n    else:\n        if (n > 0):\n            return x * temp * temp\n        else:\n            return (temp * temp) / x"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to convert a Fahrenheit temperature to Celsius.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def fahrenheit_to_celsius(f):\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0return (f - 32) * 5/9"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain how you would parse a string of parentheses to check if they are balanced.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "One way to check if parentheses are balanced is by using a stack. For each character in the string, push an opening parenthesis onto the stack and pop it off when a closing parentheses is reached. If stack is empty at the end, the parentheses are balanced."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Describe how you would check if a given number is a prime number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The simplest way to check if a number is a prime number is by using the trial division algorithm. This algorithm divides the number by all numbers less than it to determine if any of them is a factor. If no such number is found, then the number is a prime number."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes in a list of integers and returns the average.",
            "input": "[15, 18, 20, 25]",
            "output": "def average(numbers): \n    return sum(numbers)/len(numbers)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an exception handler for a Python code that prints out a custom error message.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "try:\n    # Code goes here\nexcept Exception as e:\n    print(\"Error:\", e)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a helper function for a recursive program that calculates the sum of elements in a given array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def sum_array(array):\n    if len(array) == 0:\n        return 0\n    return array[0] + sum_array(array[1:])"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to check if a string can be split into words that are all palindromes.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def is_palindrome_split(string):\n    n = len(string) \n    table = [[0 for x in range(n)] for y in range(n)] \n  \n    # Single character is palindrome \n    for i in range(n): \n        table[i][i] = True\n  \n    # check for sub-string of length 2 \n    for i in range(n - 1): \n        if string[i] == string[i + 1]: \n            table[i][i + 1] = True\n  \n    # Check for lengths greater than 2 \n    for k in range(3, n + 1): \n        for i in range(n - k + 1): \n            j = i + k - 1\n            if (string[i] == string[j] and\n                table[i + 1][j - 1]): \n                table[i][j] = True\n    # Split the string \n    start = 0\n    result = [] \n    for i in range(n): \n        if (table[start][i] == True): \n            word = string[start:i + 1] \n            result.append(word) \n            start = i + 1\n    return result"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given the JSON data, extract all the student names.",
            "input": "[\n  {\n    \"name\": \"John\", \n    \"age\": 10, \n    \"city\": \"New York\"\n  }, \n  {\n    \"name\": \"Mary\", \n    \"age\": 12, \n    \"city\": \"Chicago\"\n  }, \n  {\n    \"name\": \"Bob\", \n    \"age\": 14, \n    \"city\": \"Los Angeles\"\n  }\n]",
            "output": "[\"John\", \"Mary\", \"Bob\"]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an array to store all the numbers from 1 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10];"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using the JS function as a guide, complete the function to return the number of times a given character occurs in a string.",
            "input": "function charCount(str, char) {\n  // TODO: complete this function \n}",
            "output": "function charCount(str, char) {\n  let count = 0;\n  for (let i=0; i<str.length; i++) {\n    if (str[i] == char) {\n      count++;\n    }\n  }\n  return count;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write code to print out the result of two numbers multiplied together.",
            "input": "x = 6\ny = 8",
            "output": "print(x * y)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the statement so that it prints the index of the letter \"e\" in the phrase.",
            "input": "phrase = \"Hello, world!\"",
            "output": "print(phrase.index(\"e\"))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rearrange the order of the code lines given so that the program prints the numbers [3, 2, 1]",
            "input": "print(1) \nprint(2) \nprint(3)",
            "output": "print(3)\nprint(2)\nprint(1)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Add a \"color\" field to the JSON as per the example.",
            "input": "[\n {\n    \"name\": \"John\", \n    \"age\": 10\n  }, \n  {\n    \"name\": \"Mary\", \n    \"age\": 12\n  }\n]",
            "output": "[\n {\n    \"name\": \"John\", \n    \"age\": 10,\n    \"color\": \"blue\"\n  }, \n  {\n    \"name\": \"Mary\", \n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"color\": \"red\"\n  }\n]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an algorithm to find the average of three numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function findAverage(num1, num2, num3) { \n    sum = num1 + num2 + num3; \n    return sum/3.0; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a class for a person's name as per the example.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class PersonName { \n    constructor(firstName, lastName) { \n        this.firstName = firstName; \n        this.lastName = lastName; \n    } \n  \n    // A method to get the full name \n    getFullName() { \n        return `${firstName} ${lastName}`; \n    } \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a CSS program to set a border with a width of 5px to the element with the ID \u2018my_element\u2019.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#my_element {\n  border: 5px solid;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a CSS selector for all <p> elements that are children of <div> elements.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "div > p"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a HTML script to create a navigation bar with links to google.com and yahoo.com.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<nav>\n    <a href=\"https://www.google.com/\">Google</a>\n    <a href=\"https://www.yahoo.com/\">Yahoo!</a>\n</nav>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a CSS program to set the font-family of all <h1> elements to 'Times New Roman'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "h1 {\n  font-family: 'Times New Roman';\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python function to sort a list of numbers from smallest to largest.",
            "input": "[1, 5, 3, 8, 4, 2]",
            "output": "def sort(nums):\n  nums.sort()\n  return nums\n\nprint(sort([1, 5, 3, 8, 4, 2]))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JS script to print \"Hello, World!\" to the console.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "console.log(\"Hello, World!\");"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a syntax to select all the input fields of type text.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "input[type=text]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a php program to check if a given number is divisible by 7.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<?php\nfunction isDivisibleBy7($num) {\n  return $num % 7 == 0;\n}\n?>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML program to show the current year in the web page.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<p>Current Year: <span id=\"year\"> <script> document.getElementById(\"year\").innerHTML = new Date().getFullYear(); </script>  </span>  </p>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a basic HTML page and display the text \"Welcome to my website!\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n<head>\n  <title>Welcome to My Website!</title>\n</head>\n<body>\n  <h1>Welcome to My Website!</h1>\n</body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Correct the following PHP code and print \"Hello, World!\" on the screen.",
            "input": "echo 'Hello, World!\";",
            "output": "echo 'Hello, World!';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an SQL query to find all the students in a table whose last name starts with the letter 'M'.",
            "input": "students (\n    id int,\n    name varchar(50),\n    age int\n    );",
            "output": "SELECT * \nFROM students \nWHERE name LIKE 'M%';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a regular expression to match all strings that contain the word 'hello'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "/^.*hello.*$/"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a C++ program that calculates the sum of two numbers and prints the result.",
            "input": "num1 = 10\nnum2 = 15",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\n \nint main()\n{\n    int num1 = 10;\n    int num2 = 15;\n \n    int sum = num1 + num2;\n \n    std::cout << sum << std::endl;\n \n    return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Rust code that takes a number as input and prints its square root.",
            "input": "num = 5",
            "output": "fn find_square_root(num:Num) {\n    let result = num.sqrt();\n    println!(\"Square root of {} is {}\", num, result);\n }\n\nfind_square_root(5);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C# program to decrypt a string encoded with Base64.",
            "input": "encoded_string = \"SGVsbG8sIFdvcmxkIQ==\"",
            "output": "static void Main(string[] args)\n{\n    string encoded_string = \"SGVsbG8sIFdvcmxkIQ==\";\n    byte[] data = System.Convert.FromBase64String(encoded_string);\n    string decoded_string = System.Text.Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data);\n    Console.WriteLine(decoded_string);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following HTML page so that it displays the text in red.",
            "input": "<div>This is some text</div>",
            "output": "<div style=\"color:red;\">This is some text</div>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Python that takes in a list of numbers and returns their sum.",
            "input": "numbers = [1,2,3,4,5]",
            "output": "def sum_list(numbers):\n    result = 0\n    for num in numbers:\n        result += num\n    return result\n\nprint(sum_list(numbers))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain what an API is?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "An API (Application Programming Interface) is a software utility that allows two applications to communicate with each other. It consists of a set of routines, protocols, and tools which are used to build software applications. An API defines the way in which a developer can access an application or service and interact with it in a meaningful way within their own application."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a MySQL query to select all the students with age greater than or equal to 18.",
            "input": "students (\n    id int,\n    name varchar(50),\n    age int\n    );",
            "output": "SELECT * \nFROM students\nWHERE age >= 18;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Translate the following loop into list comprehension in Python.",
            "input": "for i in range(10):\n    if i % 2 == 0:\n        numbers.append(i)",
            "output": "numbers = [i for i in range(10) if i % 2 == 0]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python function to check whether a given string can be read the same way from left to right and from right to left.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def is_palindrome(string):\n    left_index = 0\n    right_index = len(string) - 1\n    \n    while right_index > left_index:\n        if string[left_index] != string[right_index]:\n            return False\n        left_index += 1\n        right_index -= 1\n    \n    return True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python function to divide two integers without using the '/' operator.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def divide(dividend, divisor):\n    sign = (dividend < 0) == (divisor < 0)\n    dividend = abs(dividend)\n    divisor = abs(divisor)\n    res = 0\n    while dividend >= divisor:\n        dividend -= divisor\n        res += 1\n    return res if sign else - res"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python script to perform stock analysis.",
            "input": "The following are the stocks given:AAPL, TSLA, AMZN",
            "output": "def stock_analysis(stocks):\n    # Import necessary Python libraries\n    import pandas as pd\n    import pandas_datareader.data as web\n    \n    # List of stocks given\n    stocks = stocks.split(\",\")\n    \n    # Get the data for each stock\n    data = [web.DataReader(stock, 'yahoo') for stock in stocks]\n    \n    # Create a pandas DataFrame to store the data\n    data_frame = pd.concat(data, keys=stocks, names=['Stock', 'Date'])\n    \n    # Perform the analysis and return the results\n    return data_frame.describe()"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python script to parse JSON data and extract specific values.",
            "input": "{\n    \"name\": \"John\",\n    \"age\": 30,\n    \"hobbies\": [\"cooking\", \"programming\"]\n}",
            "output": "import json\n\ndef parse_json(data):\n    # Load data\n    json_data = json.loads(data)\n\n    # Extract information\n    name = json_data[\"name\"]\n    age = json_data[\"age\"]\n    hobbies = json_data[\"hobbies\"]\n\n    # Return the extracted data\n    return (name, age, hobbies)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python program to print out the constant list of characters for a given string.",
            "input": "String = \"Hello World!\"",
            "output": "def constant_list(s):\n    new_list = []\n    count_dict = {}\n    for i in s:\n        if i not in count_dict:\n            count_dict[i] = 1\n            new_list.append(i)\n    return new_list\n\nprint(constant_list(\"Hello World!\"))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python script to remove duplicate elements from a given list.",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2, 3]",
            "output": "def remove_duplicates(numbers):\n    seen = set()\n    non_duplicates = []\n    for num in numbers:\n        if num not in seen:\n            non_duplicates.append(num)\n            seen.add(num)\n    return non_duplicates"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write code in Python that finds the longest word in a sentence.",
            "input": "It\u2019s a fun and interesting day.",
            "output": "sentence = \"It's a fun and interesting day.\"\nwords = sentence.split()\nlongest_word = max(words, key = len)\nprint(longest_word) # Output: interesting"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a random string of eight characters combining upper and lower case letters, numeric digits and special characters.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import string\nimport random\ncharacters = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + string.punctuation\nrandom_str = ''.join(random.choice(characters) for i in range(8))\nprint(random_str)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function that multiplies the elements of a given array by the number 10 and outputs the resulting array.",
            "input": "[2, 3, 5]",
            "output": "def multiply_elements(array):\n    new_array = []\n    for elem in array:\n        new_array.append(elem * 10)\n    return new_array\n\nnew_array = multiply_elements([2, 3, 5])\nprint(new_array) # Output: [20, 30, 50]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given the following array. Output an array containing the name of student, their department and their grades.",
            "input": "[\n  {\n    \"id\": 1,\n    \"name\": \"Tanya\",\n    \"department\": \"CS\",\n    \"grades\": [86, 74, 69]\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 2,\n    \"name\": \"Steve\",\n    \"department\": \"INFT\",\n    \"grades\": [60, 79, 94]\n  }\n\n]",
            "output": "student_info = []\nfor student in array:\n    name = student[\"name\"]\n    department = student[\"department\"]\n    grades = student[\"grades\"]\n    student_info.append(\n        {\n            \"name\": name,\n            \"department\": department,\n            \"grades\": grades\n        }\n    )\nprint(student_info) # Output: [{'name': 'Tanya', 'department': 'CS', 'grades': [86, 74, 69]}, {'name': 'Steve', 'department': 'INFT', 'grades': [60, 79, 94]}]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Output the most common letter in a string.",
            "input": "This is a test string",
            "output": "string = \"This is a test string\"\nletter_counts = {}\nfor letter in string:\n    if letter not in letter_counts:\n        letter_counts[letter] = 0\n    letter_counts[letter] += 1\n\nmost_common_letter = max(letter_counts, key=lambda x: letter_counts[x])\nprint(most_common_letter) # Output: 's'"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a random year between 2000 and 2030.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let min=2000;\nlet max=2030;\nlet randomYear = Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1)) + min;\nconsole.log(randomYear);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Output a string given two strings as input where the two strings are reversed.",
            "input": "Hello World",
            "output": "new_string = input1[::-1] + input2[::-1]\nprint(new_string) # Output: dlroW olleH"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function that takes a string as input and outputs a count of the number of capital letters present in the string.",
            "input": "I Love Pizza",
            "output": "def count_capital_letters(input_string):\n    count = 0\n    for letter in input_string:\n        if letter.isupper():\n            count += 1\n    return count\n\nprint(count_capital_letters(\"I Love Pizza\")) # Output: 1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a list of numbers, write a code to generate a new list whose elements are the digits of the numbers in the original list.",
            "input": "[1912, 715, 431]",
            "output": "num_list = [1912, 715, 431]\ndigits_list = []\n\nfor num in num_list:\n    digits_list.extend([int(x) for x in str(num)])\n\nprint(digits_list) # Output: [1, 9, 1, 2, 7, 1, 5, 4, 3, 1]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Output the average length of the words in a sentence based on the given input.",
            "input": "This is so much fun",
            "output": "sentence = \"This is so much fun\"\nwords = sentence.split()\ntotal_length = 0\nfor word in words:\n    total_length += len(word)\n\naverage_word_length = total_length/len(words)\nprint(average_word_length) # Output: 3.2"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort a list of words by their length in an ascending order.",
            "input": "['Hello', 'Goodbye', 'Bye', 'Morning']",
            "output": "words = ['Hello', 'Goodbye', 'Bye', 'Morning']\nwords.sort(key=len)\nprint(words) # Output: ['Bye', 'Hello', 'Morning', 'Goodbye']"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a HTML page of a table with user details and each row of the table should contains an 'Edit' button for each user.",
            "input": "data = [\n   {\"name\": \"John Smith\", \"age\": 32, \"city\": \"New York\"},\n   {\"name\": \"Julia Cooper\", \"age\": 28, \"city\": \"Los Angeles\"},\n   {\"name\": \"Max Bailey\", \"age\": 36, \"city\": \"London\"}\n]",
            "output": "<html>\n   <head>\n      <title>User Details</title>\n   </head>\n   <body>\n      <table>\n         <th>Name</th>\n         <th>Age</th>\n         <th>City</th>\n         <th>Edit</th>\n         {% for user in data %}\n            <tr>\n               <td>{{ user.name }}</td>\n               <td>{{ user.age }}</td>\n               <td>{{ user.city }}</td>\n               <td><button onclick=\"editUser({{ user.name }},'{{ user.age }}','{{ user.city }}')\">Edit</button></td>\n            </tr>\n         {% endfor %}\n      </table>\n   </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to keep track of the last 10 inputted inputs.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "input_history = []\n\ndef track_input_history(input):\n    input_history.append(input)\n    if len(input_history) > 10:\n        del input_history[0]\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    track_input_history('input1')\n    track_input_history('input2')\n    track_input_history('input3')\n    # ...\n    print(input_history) # ['input2', 'input3', ..., 'input10']"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use feedback-driven development to write a function that takes a list as an argument and returns a sorted list in descending order.",
            "input": "lst = [7, 12, 5, 16, 4]",
            "output": "def sort_descending(lst):\n    # Sort the list in descending order\n    lst.sort(reverse=True)\n    \n    # Return the sorted list\n    return lst\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    lst = [7, 12, 5, 16, 4]\n    sorted_list = sort_descending(lst)\n    print(sorted_list) # [16, 12, 7, 5, 4]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Identify the variable type.",
            "input": "my_car = \"Ford Mustang\"",
            "output": "string"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What type of function is the following?",
            "input": "def foo(x, y, z):\n    return x + y + z",
            "output": "function/procedure"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Complete the code to print all characters of a string in reverse order.",
            "input": "string = \"ABCDE\"",
            "output": "string = \"ABCDE\"\nfor char in string[::-1]:\n    print(char)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a code to delete the nth item in a given list.",
            "input": "my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "def delete_nth_item(my_list, n):\n    if n < len(my_list):\n        del my_list[n]\n    return my_list\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n    n = 3\n    print(delete_nth_item(my_list, n)) # [1, 2, 4, 5]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How do you write a code to return the length of a string using a for loop?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def get_string_length(string):\n    # Initialize a counter\n    length = 0\n    # Iterate over each character in the string\n    for char in string:\n        length += 1\n    # Return the length\n    return length\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    string = \"Hello World!\"\n    print(get_string_length(string)) # 12"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a code to print the sum of two numbers using the print function.",
            "input": "a = 10\nb = 20",
            "output": "a = 10\nb = 20\n\n# Print the sum\nprint(\"The sum of %d and %d is %d\" % (a, b, a + b))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to convert a list to a dictionary with the list item as a key and the list index as its value.",
            "input": "my_list = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]",
            "output": "my_list = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\n\n# Create the dictionary\nmy_dict = {}\n\n# Iterate over the list and add each item as a key and \n# assign the index of the item as its value\nfor index, item in enumerate(my_list):\n    my_dict[item] = index\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    print(my_dict) # {'A': 0, 'B': 1, 'C': 2}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What type of error is the following code example prone to?",
            "input": "def div(a, b):\n    return a/b",
            "output": "ZeroDivisionError"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What will this code output?",
            "input": "my_list = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\", \"D\", \"E\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(my_list)):\n    print(my_list[i])",
            "output": "A\nB\nC\nD\nE"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How do you print a formatted string containing multiple variables?",
            "input": "age = 10\nname = \"John\"",
            "output": "print(\"My name is %s and I am %d years old.\" % (name, age)) # My name is John and I am 10 years old."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How do you sort a dictionary by its values?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "dictionary = {\n    \"A\": 10,\n    \"B\": 5,\n    \"C\": 1\n}\n\n# Sort the dictionary by values\nsorted_dict = dict(sorted(dictionary.items(), key=lambda x: x[1]))\n\n# Print the sorted dictionary\nprint(sorted_dict) # {'C': 1, 'B': 5, 'A': 10}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to check whether a given string ends with a given substring.",
            "input": "string = \"The quick brown fox\"\nsubstring = \"fox\"",
            "output": "function EndsWithSubstring(string, substring) {\n   return string.substr(-substring.length) === substring;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an HTML webpage that displays the given text in two columns side by side",
            "input": "<p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus ornare et ipsum at mollis. Duis in euismod dui.</p>",
            "output": "<html>\n  <head>\n    <style>\n      .column {\n        float: left;\n        width: 50%;\n      }\n      .row::after {\n        content: \"\";\n        clear: both;\n        display: table;\n      }\n    </style>\n  </head>\n  <body>\n    <div class=\"row\">\n      <div class=\"column\">\n        Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vivamus ornare et \n      </div>\n      <div class=\"column\">\n        ipsum at mollis. Duis in euismod dui.\n      </div>\n    </div>\n  </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program to find all distinct combinations of given length from a given set of characters",
            "input": "characters = {a,b,c} \nlength = 2",
            "output": "import java.util.ArrayList;\nimport java.util.List;\n \npublic class Permutations \n{\n    public static void main(String[] args) \n    {\n        char[] characters = {'a', 'b', 'c'};\n \n        int length = 2;\n \n        List<String> combinations = new ArrayList<>();\n \n        for (int i = 0; i < Math.pow(characters.length, length); i++) \n        {   \n            String pattern = \"\";\n            int temp = i;\n            for (int j = 0; j < length; j++) \n            {\n                pattern += characters[temp % characters.length];\n                temp /= characters.length;\n            }\n            combinations.add(pattern);\n        }\n \n        for (String s : combinations) \n        {\n            System.out.println(s);\n        }\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a CSS code to style a button as follows:",
            "input": "",
            "output": "button {\n  color: #fff;\n  background-color: #34495e;\n  border: 2px solid #1d1e27;\n  padding: 8px 20px;\n  border-radius: 8px;\n  font-weight: bold;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a web page with a simple registration form that contains fields for username, password, and email.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n <head>\n  <title>Registration Form</title>\n </head>\n\n <body>\n  <h1>Registration Form</h1>\n \n  <form action=\"\">\n   <label for=\"username\">Username:</label><br>\n   <input type=\"text\" name=\"username\" id=\"username\"><br><br>\n\n   <label for=\"password\">Password:</label><br>\n   <input type=\"password\" name=\"password\" id=\"password\"><br><br>\n\n   <label for=\"email\">Email:</label><br>\n   <input type=\"email\" name=\"email\" id=\"email\"><br><br>\n \n   <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\">\n  </form>\n </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suggest three potential numerical values to generate random numbers between 1 and 10",
            "input": "",
            "output": "2, 8, 9"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a React component to render a table with the following five columns: 'name', 'age', 'gender', 'city', and 'country'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import React from 'react';\n \nfunction Table({ data }) {\n return (\n  <table>\n  <thead>\n   <tr>\n    <th>Name</th>\n    <th>Age</th>\n    <th>Gender</th>\n    <th>City</th>\n    <th>Country</th>\n   </tr>\n  </thead>\n  <tbody>\n   {data.map(d => (\n    <tr key={d.name}>\n     <td>{d.name}</td>\n     <td>{d.age}</td>\n     <td>{d.gender}</td>\n     <td>{d.city}</td>\n     <td>{d.country}</td>\n    </tr>\n   ))}\n  </tbody>\n  </table>\n );\n}\n \nexport default Table;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an AppleScript to hide all windows from the front.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "tell application \"System Events\"\n    repeat with w in (windows of application process (name of application process whose frontmost is true))\n        set miniaturized of w to true\n    end repeat\nend tell"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a PHP script to connect to a MySQL database and update records in a table called 'users'",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<?php \n$servername = \"localhost\"; \n$username = \"root\";\n$password = \"root\";\n$dbname = \"myDB\";\n\n// Create connection\n$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname);\n\n// Check connection\nif ($conn->connect_error) {\n    die(\"Connection failed: \" . $conn->connect_error);\n}\n\n$sql = \"UPDATE users \nSET last_name='Doe' \nWHERE id=1\";\n\nif ($conn->query($sql) === TRUE) {\n    echo \"Record updated successfully\";\n} else {\n    echo \"Error updating record: \" . $conn->error;\n}\n\n$conn->close();\n?>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using Bootstrap, create a responsive sticky footer for a webpage",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<footer class=\"footer-container sticky-bottom\">\n  <div class=\"container text-center\">\n    <span class=\"text-muted\">&copy; 2020 Demo Company</span>\n  </div>\n</footer>\n\n<style>\n  .footer-container {\n    padding-top: 8px;\n    padding-bottom: 8px;\n    background-color: #f5f5f5;\n  }\n  \n  @media (min-width: 768px) {\n    .footer-container {\n      position: fixed;\n      bottom: 0;\n      width: 100%;\n    }\n  }\n</style>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct an XML schema to describe a personal contact list",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>\n<xs:schema xmlns:xs=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\">\n \n  <xs:element name=\"contact_list\">\n    <xs:complexType>\n      <xs:sequence>\n        <xs:element name=\"contact\" maxOccurs=\"unbounded\">\n          <xs:complexType>\n            <xs:sequence>\n              <xs:element name=\"firstname\" type=\"xs:string\" />\n              <xs:element name=\"lastname\" type=\"xs:string\" />\n              <xs:element name=\"phone\" type=\"xs:string\" />\n              <xs:element name=\"email\" type=\"xs:string\" />\n            </xs:sequence>\n          </xs:complexType>\n        </xs:element>\n      </xs:sequence>\n    </xs:complexType>\n  </xs:element>\n \n</xs:schema>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a SQL query to return all entries from a database table where the value of a certain numeric field is greater than 2.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM databaseTable WHERE numericField > 2;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript program that returns the nth number in the Fibonacci sequence.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function fibonacci(n) {\n    let a = 0;\n    let b = 1; \n\n    for (let i = 0; i < n-1; i++) {\n        let t = a + b;\n        a = b; \n        b = t;\n    }\n    return b;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript function which takes in two arrays and returns true if the first array is a subset of the second array.",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3], [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "function isSubset(arr1, arr2) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < arr1.length; i++) {\n        if (!arr2.includes(arr1[i])) {\n            return false;\n        }\n    }\n    return true;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate an SQL query to find the records with the highest total sales in a given month.",
            "input": "SELECT * FROM salesTable WHERE month = \u2018January\u2019",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM salesTable \nWHERE month = \u2018January'\nORDER BY totalSales DESC LIMIT 1;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python function for calculating the volume of a sphere.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def volume_sphere(radius):\n    return (4/3)*(math.pi)*(radius**3)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a JavaScript conditional statement to check if the value of a variable is a number greater than 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "if (typeof variable === 'number' && variable > 10) { \n    //do something \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to count the total records with a field \"isValid\" set to true.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT COUNT(*) \nFROM databaseTable \nWHERE isValid = true;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a Python program to sort a list of numbers using Bubble Sort.",
            "input": "[5, 4, 7, 1, 8]",
            "output": "def bubbleSort(arr):\n    for i in range(len(arr)-1):\n        for j in range(len(arr)-1-i):\n            if arr[j] > arr[j+1]:\n                arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j]\n    return arr"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript code snippet to hide an element of the page with the id \"message\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "document.getElementById('message').style.display = 'none';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a SQL query to return the average price of a certain item.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT AVG(price) FROM itemTable;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL statement to print all customer IDs and names in the customer table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT customerID, customerName\nFROM customerTable;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design an algorithm that computes the maximum possible sum of a subarray of the given array.",
            "input": "Input: [1, -2, 4, -5, 8]",
            "output": "// Initialize current sum and max sum variable\nlet curr_sum = 0; \nlet max_sum = 0; \n  \n// Traverse through array elements \nfor(let i=0; i<input.length; i++) { \n    // Update current sum \n    curr_sum = curr_sum + input[i]; \n  \n    // If current sum is greater than maximum \n    // sum, update maximum sum \n    if(max_sum < curr_sum){ \n        max_sum = curr_sum; \n    } \n    // If current sum is negative, reset it \n    if (curr_sum < 0){ \n        curr_sum = 0; \n    } \n} \n// Return maximum sum \nreturn max_sum;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a function in Swift that takes an array of integers and returns the index of the first repeating element.",
            "input": "Input: [2, 3, 4, 4, 5]",
            "output": "func firstRepeatingElement(arr: [Int]) -> Int {\n  var index = -1 // Initialise index\n  \n  for i in 0..<arr.count-1 {\n    for j in i+1..<arr.count {\n      if arr[i] == arr[j] {\n        index = i\n        break\n      }\n    }\n  }\n  return index\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a query to get the second highest salary from the employee table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT MAX(Salary) AS SecondHighestSalary FROM \n   (SELECT DISTINCT Salary FROM employee \n    ORDER BY Salary DESC OFFSET 1 ROWS FETCH NEXT 1 ROWS ONLY) AS SecondHighest;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write HTML code to display a simple table of 3 rows and 3 columns.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<table> \n  <tbody> \n    <tr>\n      <td>Column 1</td>\n      <td>Column 2</td>\n      <td>Column 3</td>\n    </tr> \n    <tr>\n      <td>Row 1</td>\n      <td>Row 1</td>\n      <td>Row 1</td> \n    </tr>\n    <tr>\n      <td>Row 2</td>\n      <td>Row 2</td>\n      <td>Row 2</td> \n    </tr> \n    <tr>\n      <td>Row 3</td>\n      <td>Row 3</td>\n      <td>Row 3</td> \n    </tr>\n  </tbody> \n</table>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML form with input fields for name, email, phone number and address.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<form action=\"\">\n  <label>Name:</label>\n  <input type=\"text\" name=\"name\" />\n  <label>Email:</label>\n  <input type=\"email\" name=\"email\" />\n  <label>Phone Number:</label>\n  <input type=\"tel\" name=\"phone\" />\n  <label>Address:</label>\n  <input type=\"text\" name=\"address\" />\n</form>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a React component to render a list item with a delete button.",
            "input": "Input: item = \"apple\"",
            "output": "import React from 'react';\n \nconst ListItem = ({ item, onDeleteClick }) => {\n  return (\n    <div>\n      <span>{item}</span>\n      <button onClick={() => onDeleteClick(item)}>Delete</button>\n    </div>\n  );\n};\n \nexport default ListItem;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a CSS class for an input field with round borders and pink background.",
            "input": "",
            "output": ".rounded-field {\n  background-color: pink;\n  border-radius: 5px; \n  border: 1px solid black;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a function in C# that takes in two strings and checks if one string is a substring of the other.",
            "input": "s1 = \"abc\"\ns2 = \"bcd\"",
            "output": "public static bool IsSubstring(string s1, string s2) \n{ \n    // Iterate through both strings and check \n    // if characters of one string canbe found in \n    // another \n    int M = s1.Length; \n    int N = s2.Length; \n  \n    for (int i = 0; i <= N - M; i++) { \n        int j; \n  \n        // For current index i, check for pattern \n        for (j = 0; j < M; j++) \n            if (s2[i + j] != s1[j]) \n                break; \n  \n        // if pat[0...M-1] = txt[i, i+1, ...i+M-1] \n        if (j == M) \n            return true; \n    } \n  \n    return false;  \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class in JavaScript which takes in two parameters and performs addition.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Calculator { \n  constructor(x, y) { \n    this.x = x; \n    this.y = y; \n  } \n  \n  add() { \n    return this.x + this.y; \n  } \n} \n  \nlet calculator = new Calculator(2, 3); \nlet result = calculator.add(); \nconsole.log(result);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python program for traversing a tree in preorder.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def preorder(root):\n if root:\n #visit the node\n print(root.data)\n #traverse left\n preorder(root.left)\n #traverse right\n preorder(root.right)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to capitalize the first letter of a given string.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function capitalizeFirstLetter(string) {\n return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using loops, create a Java program to print the multiplication table of a given number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class MultiplicationTable \n{\n    public static void main(String[] args) \n    {\n        int num = 8;\n        System.out.println(\"Multiplication table of \"+ num);\n        for (int i = 1; i <= 10; ++i) \n        {\n            System.out.println(num + \" * \" + i + \" = \" + num * i);\n        }\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using arrays and functions, design a Python program that rotates a given array by k positions.",
            "input": "testcase = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n\nk = 2",
            "output": "def rotate_array(testcase, k): \n \n rotated_array = [] \n \n for element in range(len(testcase)-k, len(testcase)): \n   rotated_array.append(testcase[element]) \n \n for element in range(0, len(testcase)-k): \n   rotated_array.append(testcase[element]) \n \n return rotated_array \n \ntestcase = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6] \nk = 2\n \nrotated_array = rotate_array(testcase, k) \n \nprint(rotated_array) \n \n# Output: [5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a C# program to accept a string and check if it is a palindrome or not.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "using System;\npublic class PalindromeCheck\n{\n   public static bool Palindrome(string inputString) \n   {\n      int stringLength = inputString.Length;\n      int i, begin, end, middle;\n \n      begin  = 0;\n      end    = stringLength - 1;\n      middle = (begin + end)/2;\n \n      for (i = begin; i <= middle; i++) \n      {\n         if (inputString[begin] == inputString[end]) \n         {\n            begin++;\n            end--;\n         }\n         else \n         {\n            break;\n         }\n      }\n      if (i == middle + 1) \n      {\n         return true;\n      }\n      else\n      {\n         return false;\n      }\n   }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript program to check if a given array of integers contains three increasing adjacent numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function isIncreasingAdjacentNumbers(arr) {\n  if(arr.length < 3) {\n    return false;\n  }\n\n  for (let i = 0; i < arr.length - 2; i++) {\n    let no1 = arr[i];\n    let no2 = arr[i + 1];\n    let no3 = arr[i + 2];\n\n    if (no1 < no2 && no2 < no3) {\n      return true;\n    }\n  }\n\n  return false;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compile and execute this HTML program to display \"Hello World\" on the screen.",
            "input": "<html>\n  <body>\n    <h1>Hello World</h1>\n  </body>\n</html>",
            "output": "<html>\n  <body>\n    <h1>Hello World</h1>\n  </body>\n</html>\n\nHello World"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to find the number of books in each genre.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT GENRE, COUNT(*) as NUMBER_OF_BOOKS\nFROM BOOKS\nGROUP BY GENRE"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "In Swift, create a program to sort an integer array using merge sort.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "func mergeSort(_ array:[Int]) -> [Int] {\n \n    guard array.count > 1 else { return array } \n \n    let middleIndex = array.count / 2  \n   \n    let leftArray = mergeSort(Array(array[0 ..< middleIndex]))\n   \n    let rightArray = mergeSort(Array(array[middleIndex ..< array.count]))\n    \n    return merge(leftArray, rightArray)\n}\n\nfunc merge(_ leftArray: [Int], _ rightArray: [Int]) -> [Int] {\n   \n    var leftIndex = 0\n    var rightIndex = 0\n   \n    var orderedArray:[Int] = [] \n \n   while leftIndex < leftArray.count && rightIndex < rightArray.count {\n       if leftArray[leftIndex] < rightArray[rightIndex] {\n           orderedArray.append(leftArray[leftIndex])\n           leftIndex += 1\n       } else if leftArray[leftIndex] > rightArray[rightIndex] {\n           orderedArray.append(rightArray[rightIndex])\n           rightIndex += 1\n       } else {\n           orderedArray.append(leftArray[leftIndex])\n           leftIndex += 1\n           orderedArray.append(rightArray[rightIndex])\n           rightIndex += 1\n       }\n   }\n \n   while leftIndex < leftArray.count {\n       orderedArray.append(leftArray[leftIndex])\n       leftIndex += 1\n   }\n \n   while rightIndex < rightArray.count {\n       orderedArray.append(rightArray[rightIndex])\n       rightIndex += 1\n   }\n \n   return orderedArray\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a Ruby program to find out if a given string contains only digits.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def digit_check(str) \n  str.to_s.scan(/\\d/).join == str\nend"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a pseudocode algorithm to find the maximum element in an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "max \u2190 array[0]\nFOR i \u2190 1 to LENGTH(array) \n  IF array[i] > max THEN\n  max \u2190 array[i]\nEND FOR\nRETURN max"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using classes, write a Java program that represents a bank account containing with a balance and method of deposit and withdrawal.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class BankAccount {\n  \n private double balance; \n \n public BankAccount(double balance) {\n   this.balance = balance;\n }\n  \n public double deposit(double amount) {\n   balance += amount;\n   return balance;\n }\n  \n public double withdraw(double amount) {\n   balance -= amount;\n   return balance;\n }\n  \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "write a function in JavaScript to shuffle an array.",
            "input": "[1,2,3,4,5]",
            "output": "function shuffle(arr) {\n    for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) {\n        const j = Math.floor(Math.random() * (i + 1));\n        [arr[i], arr[j]] = [arr[j], arr[i]];\n    }\n    return arr;\n}\n\nconst arr = [1,2,3,4,5];\nconsole.log(shuffle(arr));"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to parse a JSON string that contains an array of objects.",
            "input": "\"[{\\\"name\\\":\\\"john\\\",\\\"age\\\":25},{\\\"name\\\":\\\"jane\\\",\\\"age\\\":35}]\"",
            "output": "const data = '[{\"name\":\"john\",\"age\":25},{\"name\":\"jane\",\"age\":35}]';\n\nconst jsonObj = JSON.parse(data);\n\nfor (let i = 0; i < jsonObj.length; i++) {\n    console.log(`Name: ${jsonObj[i].name} Age: ${jsonObj[i].age}`);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the given code to only print out even numbers.",
            "input": "for i in range(1,10):\n  print(i)",
            "output": "for i in range(1,10):\n  if i % 2 == 0:\n    print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to sort the given array in non-decreasing order.",
            "input": "arr = [4, 8, 2, 6, 3]",
            "output": "def bubble_sort(arr):\n    n = len(arr) \n    for i in range(n):\n        for j in range(0, n-i-1):\n            if arr[j] > arr[j+1] : \n                arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j]\n\narr = [4, 8, 2, 6, 3]\nbubble_sort(arr) \nprint(\"The sorted array :\") \nfor i in range(len(arr)): \n    print(arr[i], end=\" \")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to randomize the order of the given array.",
            "input": "[1,2,3,4,5]",
            "output": "import random \n  \ndef shuffle(arr): \n    n = len(arr) \n    for i in range(n-1,0,-1): \n        j = random.randint(0,i+1) \n        arr[i],arr[j] = arr[j],arr[i] \n    return arr\n\narr = [1,2,3,4,5]\nshuffled_arr = shuffle(arr)\nprint(shuffled_arr)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the code to iterate over the list and print only even numbers.",
            "input": "def print_list(list):\n    for i in list:\n        print(i)\n\nlist = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]",
            "output": "def print_list(list):\n    for i in list:\n        if (i % 2 == 0): # check if the number is even\n            print(i)\n\nlist = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a class to create a self-referencing linked list.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Node:\n    def __init__(self, data):\n        self.data = data\n        self.next = None # initially pointing to None\n\n\nclass LinkedList:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.head = None # initially pointing to None\n\n    # Method to insert node at the end of the linked list \n    def append(self, data):\n        new_node = Node(data)\n\n        if self.head is None:\n            self.head = new_node\n            return\n\n        # Iterate to traverse the linked list and update the tail node\n        cur_node = self.head\n        while cur_node.next is not None:\n            cur_node = cur_node.next\n\n        # Point the tail node to the new node (self-referencing)\n        cur_node.next = new_node"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a neural network for machine translation.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import tensorflow as tf\n\n# Set up the input and output layers\ninput_data = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, None], name='input_data')\ntarget_data = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, None], name='target_data')\n\n# Define the weights and bias\nweights = tf.get_variable('weights', #name of variable\n                            [input_dim, output_dim], #shape\n                            initializer=tf.random_normal_initializer())\nbias = tf.get_variable('bias', # name of variable\n                        [output_dim], # shape\n                        initializer=tf.zeros_initializer())\n\n# Calculated the output of the neural network\noutput = tf.matmul(input_data, weights) + bias\n\n# Define the loss\nloss = tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=output, labels=target_data)\n\n# Train the model using an optimizer\noptimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer().minimize(loss)\n\n# Predict with the model\npredictions = tf.argmax(output, axis=1)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a stack class that supports the push, pop and isEmpty operations.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Stack:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.items = []\n\n    # Push an item onto the top of the stack\n    def push(self, item):\n        self.items.append(item)\n\n    # Remove an item from the top of the stack\n    def pop(self):\n        if self.items: # if items exist, pop from the top\n            return self.items.pop()\n        else:\n            return None\n\n    # Check if the stack is empty\n    def isEmpty(self):\n        return self.items == []"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that prints the alphabet in reverse order one letter at a time.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def print_alphabet_reverse():\n    for letter in reversed(list(\"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz\")):\n        print(letter)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using a dictionary, remove all the words that begin with the specified letter.",
            "input": "dictionary = [\"apple\", \"book\", \"car\", \"dog\", \"elephant\"]\nletter = \"e\"",
            "output": "dictionary = [word for word in dictionary if not word.startswith(letter)]\n\n# After removal\ndictionary = [\"apple\", \"book\", \"car\", \"dog\"]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sum the two given sequences and return the result in a new list.",
            "input": "sequence1 = [1,2,3,4]\nsequence2 = [7,8,9]",
            "output": "def sum_sequences(list1, list2):\n    result = []\n    for i in range(max(len(list1), len(list2))):\n        if i < len(list1): \n            result.append(list1[i] + list2[i])\n        else:\n            result.append(list2[i])\n    return result\n\nsummed_sequence = sum_sequences(sequence1, sequence2)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Take a list of numbers and replace all 0s with the number 5.",
            "input": "list = [3,0,1,0,6]",
            "output": "list = [x if x !=0 else 5 for x in list] \n\n# After replacement\nlist = [3,5,1,5,6]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Count the number of numbers in a given list that are bigger than 5.",
            "input": "list = [3,5,1,2,6,7,9]",
            "output": "def count_greater_than_five(list):\n    count = 0\n    for num in list:\n        if num > 5: count +=1\n    return count\n\ncount = count_greater_than_five(list)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write code to find the most frequently occurring element in an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def find_most_occurring_element(arr):\n    # Create a dictionary to store the frequency of element\n    frequency_dict = {}\n\n    # Count the frequency of each from the given array\n    for element in arr:\n        if element in frequency_dict:\n            frequency_dict[element] += 1\n        else:\n            frequency_dict[element] = 1\n\n    # Find the most occurring element\n    max_frequency = 0\n    most_occurring_element = None\n    for element, frequency in frequency_dict.items():\n        if frequency > max_frequency:\n            max_frequency = frequency\n            most_occurring_element = element\n\n    return most_occurring_element"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Describe a function to convert a date string to a JavaScript Date object.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function stringToDate(dateString) {\n    // Split the string into its components\n    let dateSplit = dateString.split('-');\n    // Convert each component string into a number\n    let year = parseInt(dateSplit[0]);\n    let month = parseInt(dateSplit[1]);\n    let day = parseInt(dateSplit[2]);\n    // Create and return the JavaScript Date object\n    return new Date(year, month-1, day);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you construct an array with the elements of two other arrays in JavaScript?",
            "input": "arr1 = [1, 2, 3];\narr2 = [4, 5, 6];",
            "output": "let arr3 = arr1.concat(arr2); // arr3 = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript loop to print all the elements of an array.",
            "input": "const arr = [5, 10, 15, 20, 25];",
            "output": "for(let i=0; i<arr.length; i++){\n    console.log(arr[i]);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you send an AJAX request in JavaScript?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "With the use of XMLHttpRequest, an AJAX request can be sent in JavaScript. First, you create an instance of XMLHttpRequest and then open a connection to a URL. After that, you can make a request to the URL and send data with the send() function. For example:\n\nlet request = new XMLHttpRequest();\nrequest.open('GET', 'http://example.com/data');\nrequest.send();"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain how OOP works in JavaScript.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) in JavaScript is based on prototypes and classes. Prototypes are objects that act as templates for creating other objects, which can have its own methods and properties. Classes are special functions that create objects and can have attributes and methods of its own. Objects created from the same class share the same attributes and methods, but each object can have its own values. Classes and objects can be used to create programs that can be reused and extended."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Javascript code snippet to print all even numbers between 0 and 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for(let i=0; i<=10; i+=2){\n    console.log(i);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you remove an element from an array in JavaScript?",
            "input": "array = [3, 7, 8, 11];",
            "output": "You can use the Array.prototype.splice() method to remove an element from an array in JavaScript. This method takes two arguments, the index at which the element should be removed and the number of elements to remove. For example, to remove the element at index 1 (7):\n\narray.splice(1, 1); // array = [3, 8, 11]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct an HTML ready table from the given Python dictionary.",
            "input": "data = { 'fruit': ['banana', 'apple', 'orange'],\n          'vegetable': ['carrot', 'onion', 'cucumber']\n        }",
            "output": "<table>\n    <thead>\n        <tr>\n            <th>Fruit</th>\n            <th>Vegetable</th>\n        </tr>\n    </thead>\n    <tbody>\n        <tr>\n            <td>banana</td>\n            <td>carrot</td>\n        </tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>apple</td>\n            <td>onion</td>\n        </tr>\n        <tr>\n            <td>orange</td>\n            <td>cucumber</td>\n        </tr>\n    </tbody>\n</table>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct an array from the given list in Python.",
            "input": "list = [ \"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\" ]",
            "output": "array = [ \"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\" ]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SELECT query in SQL that selects a row from the 'people' table where the age is equal to 24.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * \nFROM people \nWHERE age = 24"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate an integer array of size 1000 in Python with each element being a random integer between 0 ~ 250.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import random\narray = [random.randint(0, 250) for _ in range(1000)]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the median of the following list of numbers in Python: [2, 5, 15, 22, 17, 29]",
            "input": "",
            "output": "median = 17"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the maximum of the following list of numbers in Python: [2, 15, 13, 8, 6]",
            "input": "",
            "output": "maximum = 15"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python function that takes as input a set of numbers and returns the sum of the rectangular area covered by these numbers.",
            "input": "numbers = [2, 4, 6]",
            "output": "def sum_rect_area(numbers):\n    sum = 0\n    for i in range(len(numbers)):\n        sum += numbers[i] * numbers[(i+1) % len(numbers)]\n    return sum"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rearrange the given list in Python such that the greatest element is placed at the first position and the smallest element at the last.",
            "input": "my_list = [4, 5, 8, 6, 9]",
            "output": "my_list = [9, 8, 6, 5, 4]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Python which will take a number as input and return an array containing the prime factors of the number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def get_prime_factors(num): \n    # Initialize an empty list \n    prime_factors = [] \n  \n    # Find the number of 2 that divide n \n    while num % 2 == 0: \n        prime_factors.append(2) \n        num //= 2\n  \n    # n must be odd at this point \n    # so a skip of 2 ( i = i + 2) can be used \n    for i in range(3, int(math.sqrt(num)) + 1, 2): \n        # While i divides n, append i and divide n \n        while num % i == 0: \n            prime_factors.append(i) \n            num //= i \n    # This condition is to handle the \n    # case when n is a prime number \n    # greater than 2 \n    if num > 2: \n        prime_factors.append(num) \n    return prime_factors"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to append a new item to the given list in Python.",
            "input": "my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c']",
            "output": "def append_item(my_list, item): \n    my_list.append(item) \n    return my_list"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Input two numbers from the user and find the greatest common divisor of the two numbers in Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def gcd(a,b):\n    while(b):\n        a,b=b,a%b\n\n    return a"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Determine if a given string has all unique characters in Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def has_unique_characters(string): \n    # Convert string to list of characters \n    char_list = list(string) \n  \n    # Construct a set to iterate over it \n    char_set = set() \n  \n    # return False if any character is already present in the set otherwise True \n    for character in char_list: \n        if character in char_set: \n            return False\n        else: \n            char_set.add(character) \n    return True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python function to check whether a string contains all the letters of the alphabet or not.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def has_all_alphabets(string):\n    # Convert string to list of characters \n    char_list = list(string) \n\n    # Construct a set of alphabets \n    all_alphabets = set(string.ascii_lowercase) \n\n    # Compare char_list and all_alphabets \n    # return False if any character is not present\n    # in the set otherwise True \n    if all_alphabets.issubset(char_list):\n        return True\n    else:\n        return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the maximum of three input numbers",
            "input": "3, 4, 10",
            "output": "def find_max(x, y, z):\n  max_value = max(x, y, z)\n  return max_value"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "In Python, create a for loop to print out all the natural numbers in a range",
            "input": "From 0 to 10",
            "output": "for i in range(0, 11):\n print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a python program that sums up all the numbers in a list",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "def sum_list(lst):\n sum = 0\n for number in lst:\n   sum += number\n return sum"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the code to calculate the area of a triangle",
            "input": "def triangle_area(base, height):\n    return base/2",
            "output": "def triangle_area(base, height):\n    return (base * height) / 2"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design an algorithm in Python to check if one given string is an anagram of another",
            "input": "s1 = 'listen' s2 = 'silent'",
            "output": "def is_anagram(s1, s2):\n    s1_list = list(s1)\n    s2_list = list(s2)\n    s1_list.sort()\n    s2_list.sort()\n\n    if len(s1_list) != len(s2_list):\n        return False\n\n    for i in range(len(s1_list)):\n        if s1_list[i] != s2_list[i]:\n            return False\n    return True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript code to calculate whether a triangle is valid or not",
            "input": "side1 = 5, side2 = 3, side3 = 2",
            "output": "function isTriangleValid(side1, side2, side3) {\n  if (side1 + side2 <= side3 || side2 + side3 <= side1 || side3 + side1 <= side2) {\n    return false;\n  } else {\n    return true;\n  }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Produce a SQL query to find the number of records with age greater than 18",
            "input": "Table: users\nColumns: name, age",
            "output": "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users WHERE age > 18;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design an algorithm in Python to determine if a number is prime",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def is_prime(n):\n   if n <= 1:\n      return False\n   for i in range(2, int(n**0.5) + 1):\n      if n % i == 0: \n         return False\n   return True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Expand the code to implement bubble sort",
            "input": "def bubble_sort(arr):\n   n = len(arr)",
            "output": "def bubble_sort(arr):\n   n = len(arr)\n   for i in range(n):\n      for j in range(0, n-i-1):\n         if arr[j] > arr[j+1]:\n            arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j] \n   return arr"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Understand the code and create two more variables with the string objects 'navigation' and 'configuration' and assign proper class names to them.",
            "input": "class Task:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.display = 'display'\n        self.body = 'body'",
            "output": "class Task:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.display = 'display'\n        self.body = 'body'\n        self.navigation = 'Navigation'\n        self.configuration = 'Configuration'"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a random password of 8 characters including at least one special character.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import string\nimport random\n\ndef generate_password():\n    password_chars = string.ascii_letters + string.digits + string.punctuation\n    return ''.join(random.choice(password_chars) for i in range(8))\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    print(generate_password())"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using the given list of elements, generate a new list containing the first element of each of the nested lists.",
            "input": "my_list = [[1,2,3], [4,5,6], [7,8,9]]",
            "output": "def first_element_list (my_list): \n    first_element_list = [] \n       \n    for sub_list in my_list: \n        first_element_list.append(sub_list[0]) \n   \n    return first_element_list\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    print(first_element_list(my_list))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a script to convert a given number from base 10 (decimal) to base 16 (hexadecimal).",
            "input": "num = 200",
            "output": "# Decimal to hexadecimal\ndef dec_to_hex(num):\n    hex_val = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,\"A\",\"B\",\"C\",\"D\",\"E\",\"F\"]\n    remainder = 0\n    hex_str = \"\"\n    while(num != 0):\n        remainder = num % 16\n        num = num // 16\n        hex_str = str(hex_val[remainder]) + hex_str\n    return hex_str\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    print(dec_to_hex(num))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create three classes named Car, Truck, and Motorcycle.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Car:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.type = 'car'\n\nclass Truck:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.type = 'truck'\n\nclass Motorcycle:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.type = 'motorcycle'"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using the given JSON object, edit the object such that no object with the key 'type' as 'Admin' is present in the list.",
            "input": "[\n  {\n    \"id\": 1,\n    \"name\": \"John\",\n    \"type\": \"Admin\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 2,\n    \"name\": \"Bob\",\n    \"type\": \"User\"\n  },\n  {\n    \"id\": 3,\n    \"name\": \"Alice\",\n    \"type\": \"Admin\"\n  }\n]",
            "output": "def remove_admin(data):\n    results = []\n    for entry in data:\n        if entry['type'] != 'Admin':\n            results.append(entry)\n    return results\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    print(remove_admin(data))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the given list into a dictionary of key-value pairs where the key is the index of the element and the value is the element itself.",
            "input": "my_list = ['apple','banana','orange','grape']",
            "output": "def list_to_dict(my_list):\n    my_dict = {}\n    for index, item in enumerate(my_list):\n        my_dict[index] = item\n    return my_dict\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    print(list_to_dict(my_list))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a new list which contains the elements from the given list where the element is divisible by 3.",
            "input": "my_list = [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]",
            "output": "def divisible_by_3(my_list):\n    results = []\n    for num in my_list:\n        if num % 3 == 0:\n            results.append(num)\n    return results\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    print(divisible_by_3(my_list))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Invert the given dictionary by swapping the keys and values.",
            "input": "my_dict = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}",
            "output": "def invert_dict(my_dict):\n    inverted_dict = {}\n    for key, value in my_dict.items():\n        inverted_dict[value] = key\n    return inverted_dict\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    print(invert_dict(my_dict))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use the given dictionary and determine what type of data structure is stored in it.",
            "input": "my_dict = {'fruit': 'apple', 'veggie': 'broccoli'}",
            "output": "The given dictionary is a mapping data structure, since it stores a collection of key-value pairs."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a string of raw HTML code, how can we select all the <p> tags and their contents?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "soup = BeautifulSoup(html_string, 'html.parser')\np_tags = soup.find_all('p')"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to select all rows with an 'employee_id' of 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM employees WHERE employee_id = 10;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Rewrite the following SQL query using Join.",
            "input": "SELECT * FROM products WHERE store_id=100",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM stores \nINNER JOIN products \nON stores.id = products.store_id \nWHERE stores.id=100;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python code snippet to print all the items from a list.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for item in my_list:\n    print(item)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you delete a value from a dictionary in Python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "You can delete a value from a dictionary in Python using the 'del' statement. For example, to delete the value at the key 'x', you can use the following command:\n\ndel my_dict['x']"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to update a table to set the value of 'salary' column to 1000.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "UPDATE table_name \nSET salary = 1000;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript code snippet for a for loop.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for(let i=0; i < 10; i++){\n    //Do something.\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given an HTML tag, suggest an appropriate name for the corresponding CSS class.",
            "input": "<h2>",
            "output": "One possible name for a corresponding class for this <h2> tag would be 'h2-class'."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Evaluate the following C++ code to find the output.",
            "input": "int main() \n{ \n    int x = 10; \n    int y = 20; \n    int z = x + y; \n    cout << z << endl; \n\n    return 0; \n}",
            "output": "The output of the given C++ code will be \"30\"."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compose a css code to set the text color of all <h1> to red.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "h1 {\n    color: red;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Split the following string into words: \"Coding is Fun!\"",
            "input": "Coding is Fun!",
            "output": "['Coding', 'is', 'Fun!']"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Reverse all the words inside a sentence.",
            "input": "I love coding",
            "output": "coding love I"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Count the number of integers in the following array: [2, 4, 3, 6, 7].",
            "input": "",
            "output": "5"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the biggest element in a given array of integers.",
            "input": "[3, 1, 4, 6, 7]",
            "output": "7"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a JavaScript code to split a string into substrings.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function splitString(string,length) {\n    let substrings = [];\n    let startIndex = 0;\n    while (startIndex < string.length) {\n        substrings.push(string.substr(startIndex,length));\n        startIndex += length;\n    }\n    return substrings; \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a JavaScript code to validate a password with the following criteria: At least one uppercase, one lowercase, one number, one symbol and the length should be between 6 and 12.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function isValidPassword(password){\n    if(/^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*\\d)(?=.*[@$!%*?&])[A-Za-z\\d@$!%*?&]{6,12}$/.test(password)) {\n        return true;\n    }\n    else {\n        return false;\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a function in Java to check if an input string is a palindrome.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public static boolean isPalindrome(String myString){\n    String reversed = new StringBuilder(myString).reverse().toString();\n    if (myString.equals(reversed)){\n        return true;\n    }\n    else{\n        return false;\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compose the SQL statement to retrieve data from the table \"user_info\" where the first name is \u201cJohn\u201d.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM user_info WHERE first_name = 'John';"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the following PHP code to print the array stored in $data.",
            "input": "<?php\n$data = [ 'John', 'James', 'Alex' ];\n?>",
            "output": "<?php\n$data = [ 'John', 'James', 'Alex' ];\n\nforeach ( $data as $value ) {\n    echo $value . ' ';\n}\n?>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Pug code to display a simple text in the center of the page.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "doctype html\nhtml\n head\n  title Simple Text\n body\n  p#main.center This is a simple text"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a Java program that accepts a string and returns the longest word in the string.",
            "input": "A long sentence with multiple words.",
            "output": "import java.util.*;\n\npublic class LongestWordFinder \n{\n  public static void main(String[] args) \n  {\n    String str = \"A long sentence with multiple words.\";\n    \n    // Create an array to store the words from the sentence\n    List<String> wordList = Arrays.asList(str.split(\" \"));\n    \n    // Create a variable for keeping track of the longest word\n    String longestWord = \"\";\n    \n    // Iterate over the words and find the longest word\n    for (String word : wordList) {\n        if (word.length() > longestWord.length()) {\n            longestWord = word;\n        }\n    }\n    \n    System.out.println(longestWord);\n  }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Node.js code to recursively print out the double of a given number.",
            "input": "10",
            "output": "const double = n => {\n    if (n === 0) {\n        return 0;\n    }\n    else {\n        return 2*n + double(n-1);\n    }\n};\n\nconsole.log(double(10));"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a C++ code to print out the even numbers from 0 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main()\n{\n    for (int i = 0; i <= 10; i+=2)\n    {\n        cout << i << \" \";\n    }\n    return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compose the Ruby code to add two given integers.",
            "input": "Two integers x and y",
            "output": "def add_numbers(x, y)\n    x + y\nend\nsum = add_numbers(x, y)\nputs sum"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a MySQL query to list all the information from the table \"user_list\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM user_list;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following SASS code to change the color of \"primary-text\".",
            "input": "$primary-color: #00ff00;\n\n.primary-text {\n  color: $primary-color;\n}",
            "output": "$primary-color: #333333;\n\n.primary-text {\n  color: $primary-color;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Design a Rust program that prints out the following sentence: \"Hello from Rust!\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "fn main() {\n    println!(\"Hello from Rust!\");\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an array of ten random numbers using Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import random\n\nrandom_numbers = []\nfor _ in range(10):\n    random_numbers.append(random.randint(0, 100))\n\nprint(random_numbers)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Add a tag to an HTML heading.",
            "input": "<h1>Welcome to my website</h1>",
            "output": "<h1>Welcome to my website <span>tag</span></h1>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the most frequent words in the following sentence using Python.",
            "input": "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog",
            "output": "import collections\n\nwords = 'The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog'.split()\nword_count = collections.Counter(words)\nmost_common_word = word_count.most_common()\n\nprint(\"The most frequent words are: \" + str(most_common_word))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class called \u201cPerson\u201d in Python that takes in name and age as parameters.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Person: \n    def __init__(self, name, age): \n        self.name = name \n        self.age = age\n  \n    def show_details(self): \n        print(\"Name: {}\".format(self.name)) \n        print(\"Age: {}\".format(self.age))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Classify the following fruits as either a tropical or temperate fruit.",
            "input": "apple, orange, pineapple",
            "output": "apple: temperate\norange: temperate\npineapple: tropical"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a list of numbers, write a function to find the sum of all the numbers in Python.",
            "input": "my_list = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]",
            "output": "def sum_of_nums(my_list):\n    total = 0\n    for x in my_list:\n        total += x\n    return total\n\nprint(\"The sum of my_list is: \" + str(sum_of_nums(my_list)))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Determine if the given number is even or odd.",
            "input": "number = 10",
            "output": "if number % 2 == 0:\n    print(\"The number is even\")\nelse:\n    print(\"The number is odd\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an array list of objects containing name and age for two people in Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "my_list = [\n    {'name': 'John', 'age': 20},\n    {'name': 'Sarah', 'age': 22}\n]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL statement to select all rows from the table \"People\" where the \"country\" field is \"USA\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM People WHERE country = \"USA\";"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the number of items in a list using React.",
            "input": "my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]",
            "output": "let numItems = my_list.length;\nconsole.log(numItems);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an API endpoint in Python that responds to a \u201cPOST\u201d request with an array of numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "@app.route(\"/post\", methods=[\"POST\"])\ndef post_endpoint():\n    request_data = request.get_json()\n    numbers = request_data[\"numbers\"]\n    response_data = {\n        \"status\": \"success\",\n        \"data\": numbers\n    }\n    return jsonify(response_data)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an if statement to determine if the given number is a multiple of 5.",
            "input": "number = 15",
            "output": "if number % 5 == 0:\n    print(\"The number is a multiple of 5\")\nelse:\n    print(\"The number is not a multiple of 5\")"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a for loop to print the numbers 10 to 20 in Python.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for i in range(10, 21):\n    print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort the following list of objects alphabetically by name.",
            "input": "my_list = [\n    {'name': 'John', 'age': 20},\n    {'name': 'Sarah', 'age': 22},\n    {'name': 'Tom', 'age': 25}\n]",
            "output": "my_list.sort(key=lambda x: x['name'])\n\nprint(my_list)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Java program that calculates the average of a list of numbers given as input.",
            "input": "[13, 14, 29, 15, 18]",
            "output": "public class AverageCalculator {\n \n public static void main(String[] args) {\n \n  int[] list = {13, 14, 29, 15, 18};\n \n  int sum = 0;\n  int length = list.length;\n \n  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {\n   sum += list[i];\n  }\n \n  double average = (double) sum / length;\n \n  System.out.println(average);\n }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript function that checks if a given number is even or odd.",
            "input": "17",
            "output": "function isEvenOrOdd(number){\n\tif(number % 2 == 0){\n\t\treturn \"Even\"\n\t} else {\n\t\treturn \"Odd\"\n\t}\n}\n\nconsole.log(isEvenOrOdd(17)) //Odd"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the program to print the numbers in reverse order?",
            "input": "Sample list: [10, 11, 12, 13]",
            "output": "// Function to print the list of numbers in reverse order\nfunction reversePrint(list) {\n  let reversedArr = list.reverse();\n  for (let i = 0; i < reversedArr.length; i++) {\n    console.log(reversedArr[i]);\n  }\n}\n\n// Print the list of numbers in reverse order.\nreversePrint([10, 11, 12, 13]);\n\n// Output: \n// 13\n// 12\n// 11\n// 10"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an algorithm in Python that sorts an array of numbers in ascending order.",
            "input": "[4, 7, 2, 8]",
            "output": "def selectionSort(arr): \n\t# Traverse through all array elements \n\tfor i in range(len(arr)): \n\t\t# Find the minimum element in remaining \n\t\t# unsorted array \n\t\tmin_idx = i \n\t\tfor j in range(i+1, len(arr)): \n\t\t\tif arr[min_idx] > arr[j]: \n\t\t\t\tmin_idx = j \n\t\t\n\t\t# Swap the found minimum element with \n\t\t# the first element\t\t \n\t\tarr[i], arr[min_idx] = arr[min_idx], arr[i] \n\n# Driver code to test above \narr = [4, 7, 2, 8] \nselectionSort(arr) \n\n# Print sorted array\nprint('Sorted array is: ', end = '')\nfor i in range(len(arr)): \n\tprint(arr[i], end = ' ') \n\n# Output: \n# Sorted array is: 2 4 7 8"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a code in Java to calculate the factorial of a number given as input.",
            "input": "4",
            "output": "public class Factorial {\n\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n\n        int number = 4;\n        int factorial = calculateFactorial(number);\n\n        System.out.println(\"Factorial of \" + number + \" is: \" + factorial);\n    }\n\n    public static int calculateFactorial(int number) {\n        int factorial = 1;\n        for (int i = 2; i <= number; i++)\n            factorial *= i;\n        return factorial;\n    }\n\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How would you modify the following code to silence compile time warnings?",
            "input": "int i = 100;",
            "output": "int i = 100; //no warning"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the following code so that it prints the given array in reverse order.",
            "input": "int[] array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}",
            "output": "// Function to print the array in reverse order\nvoid reverseArray (int[] array) \n{ \n    for (int i = array.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n        System.out.print(array[i]+\" \"); \n    }\n} \n\n// Output\nint[] array = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};\nreverseArray(array);\n\n// Output:\n// 5 4 3 2 1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python program to calculate the absolute value of a number given as input.",
            "input": "-5",
            "output": "def Absolute(number):\n\tif number < 0:\n\t\treturn -number\n\telse:\n\t\treturn number\n\n# Print the absolute value\nprint(Absolute(-5))\n\n# Output:\n# 5"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in JavaScript that takes in two numbers and determines which one is greater.",
            "input": "2 and 5",
            "output": "// Function to compare two numbers\nconst compare = ( num1, num2 ) => {\n\tif (num1 > num2) {\n\t\treturn 'Number 1 is greater than Number 2';\n\t} else if (num2 > num1) {\n\t\treturn 'Number 2 is greater than Number 1';\n\t} else {\n\t\treturn 'Numbers are equal';\n\t}\n}\n\n// Output\nconsole.log(compare(2, 5))\n\n// Output:\n// Number 2 is greater than Number 1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C++ program for sorting a given array.",
            "input": "arr = [2, 6, 3, 4, 7, 1, 0]",
            "output": "#include <iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nvoid sortArray(int arr[], int n){\n    int temp;\n    for (int i=0; i < n-1; i++){\n        for (int j=i+1; j < n; j++){\n            if (arr[j] < arr[i]){\n                temp = arr[i];\n                arr[i] = arr[j];\n                arr[j] = temp;\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n\nint main(){\n    int arr[] = {2, 6, 3, 4, 7, 1, 0};\n    int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);\n    \n    sortArray(arr, n);\n    \n    for (int i=0; i < n; i++){\n        cout << arr[i] << \" \";\n    }\n    cout << endl;\n    \n    return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct an SQL query to select the last 10 entries in a table named \"Fruits\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT * FROM Fruits ORDER BY ID DESC LIMIT 10;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a CSS class 'blue-box' with background-color as blue.",
            "input": "",
            "output": ".blue-box {\n    background-color: blue;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an array of size 50 with random integers within the range of 1 to 100.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import random\n\narr = []\nfor i in range(50):\n    arr.append(random.randint(1, 100))\n\nprint(arr)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct an SQL query to join two tables named \"Employees\" and \"Departments\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT e.name, d.name\nFROM Employees e\nINNER JOIN Departments d ON e.dep_id = d.id;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a C# program to format a text with a given string of characters.",
            "input": "text = \"Hello World!\"\ncharacters = \"!#\"",
            "output": "string text = \"Hello World!\";\nstring characters = \"!#\";\n\nstring formattedText = text.Replace(\" \", characters);\n\nConsole.WriteLine(formattedText);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Perl hash mapping the countries to their respective capital cities.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "%capitals = (\n    'India'      => 'New Delhi',\n    'Japan'      => 'Tokyo',\n    'China'      => 'Beijing',\n    'Australia'  => 'Canberra',\n    'USA'        => 'Washington DC',\n);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Ruby program to create a new string which contains the first and last letters of a given string.",
            "input": "name = \"Hello World!\"",
            "output": "name = \"Hello World!\"\n\nres = name.slice(0,1) + name.slice(-1)\n\nputs res"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using Python and the pandas library, write a code to print the mean of all the columns in a given dataframe.",
            "input": "Dataframe: \n\nindex  accNum   name       age  gender \n0      100234   Alex        28   Male\n1      102245   Bob         20   Male\n2      103654   Elizabeth   32   Female",
            "output": "import pandas as pd\n  \n# Create the dataframe \ndf = pd.DataFrame({'accNum':[100234,102245, 103654], \n                   'name':['Alex', 'Bob', 'Elizabeth'], \n                   'age':[28, 20, 32], \n                   'gender': ['Male', 'Male', 'Female']})\n\n# Calculate and print the mean of all the columns \nprint(df.mean())\n\n# Output:\naccNum    102890.0\nage          26.0\ndtype: float64"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate 5 samples from a Gaussian distribution with a mean of 3 and standard deviation of 5.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "3.932555212456268, 1.8902375500051712, 8.3930350533487785, -2.3711878551037355, 7.1672674964959154"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert an ASCII value of 65 to its corresponding character.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "'A'"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Flask app with a homepage and a route for a \"hello world\" response.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "from flask import Flask\napp = Flask(__name__)\n\n@app.route('/')\ndef home():\n    return \"Hello World!\"\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    app.run()"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using HTML and CSS, create an interactive button.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n<head>\n<style>\n.button {\n  background-color: #4CAF50; /* Green */\n  border: none;\n  color: white;\n  padding: 15px 32px;\n  text-align: center;\n  text-decoration: none;\n  display: inline-block;\n  font-size: 16px;\n  margin: 4px 2px;\n  cursor: pointer;\n}\n</style>\n</head>\n<body>\n\n<h1>Interactive Button</h1>\n\n<button class=\"button\">Click Me!</button>\n\n</body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the concept of inheritance in programming.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Inheritance is a programming concept which allows a class or object to \"inherit\" attributes from another class or object. It is one of several key concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP) and serves to allow a class to acquire properties which are defined in another class. This relationship between two classes is often referred to as an \"is-a\" relationship or \"parent-child\" relationship because the child class \"is-a\" type of the parent class. By using the concept of inheritance, code can be reused or specialized, making it easier to develop and maintain code."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Give an example of operator overloading in C++.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Operator overloading in C++ allows programmer to define the way operators behave when used with objects of class types. For example, the '+' operator can be overloaded to perform arithmetic addition on objects of type 'Vector'. The following code illustrates this:\n\nclass Vector {\n    private:\n        int x;\n        int y;\n    public:\n        Vector(int x_, int y_): x(x_), y(y_) {}\n\n        Vector operator+(const Vector& v) const {\n            return Vector(x + v.x, y + v.y);\n        }\n};\n\nint main()\n{\n    Vector v1(1,2);\n    Vector v2(2,3);\n\n    Vector v3 = v1 + v2;\n\n    cout << v3.x << \",\" << v3.y << endl;\n    return 0;\n}\n\n// Output: 3,5"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain the purpose of web APIs.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Web APIs are a set of protocols and standards that allow different applications to communicate over the internet. These APIs allow developers to utilize the functionality of remote web applications without having to write their own code. APIs enable applications to access data and services from other applications, enabling the development of complex services and applications with minimal effort. Web APIs facilitate the development of modern web-based applications by providing the basis for an interconnected \u2018web of services\u2019 in which developers can more easily link and share data and information."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write Java code to implement the quicksort algorithm.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class QuickSort { \n  \n    // parameters: \n    // arr = array of integers to be sorted \n    // low = start index \n    // high = end index \n    private static void quickSort(int[] arr, int low, int high) { \n        if (arr == null || arr.length == 0) \n            return; \n  \n        if (low >= high) \n            return; \n  \n        // pick the pivot \n        int middle = low + (high - low) / 2; \n        int pivot = arr[middle]; \n  \n        // make left < pivot and right > pivot \n        int i = low, j = high; \n        while (i <= j) { \n            while (arr[i] < pivot) { \n                i++; \n            } \n  \n            while (arr[j] > pivot) { \n                j--; \n            } \n  \n            if (i <= j) { \n                int temp = arr[i]; \n                arr[i] = arr[j]; \n                arr[j] = temp; \n                i++; \n                j--; \n            } \n        } \n  \n        // recursively sort two sub parts \n        if (low < j) \n            quickSort(arr, low, j); \n  \n        if (high > i) \n            quickSort(arr, i, high); \n    } \n  \n    public static void main(String[] args) { \n        int[] arr = {2, 4, 3, 5, 1}; \n        quickSort(arr, 0, arr.length - 1); \n          \n        System.out.println(\"Sorted array: \"); \n        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { \n            System.out.print(arr[i] + \" \"); \n        } \n    } \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a bash script that prints the current working directory of the machine.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#!/bin/bash\n\n# This script prints the current working directory\necho \"My current working directory is: \"\npwd"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain what a tensor is in machine learning.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A tensor is a multi-dimensional array used in machine learning and other mathematical operations. Tensors have various ranks, and contain multidimensional data such as vectors and matrices, as well as scalar values. Tensors can represent any type of machine learning data, including images, data points, labels, and other features. Tensors are used in many machine learning operations, including neural network computations, convolutional layers, and matrix operations. Tensors can also be used to implement machine learning algorithms, including deep learning, reinforcement learning, and natural language processing."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate and print the factorial of a number n.",
            "input": "int n = 5",
            "output": "public class Factorial {\n\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        int n = 5; // given number\n        System.out.println(\"Factorial of \" + n + \" is \" + factorial(n));\n    }\n\n    // method for calculating factorial of n\n    public static int factorial (int n){ \n        if (n == 0) \n            return 1; \n        return n*factorial(n-1);    \n    }\n}\n\n// Output: Factorial of 5 is 120"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an algorithm to reverse a string without using any library functions.",
            "input": "String s = \"Hello World\"",
            "output": "public class StringReverse {\n\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        String s = \"Hello World\";\n        System.out.println(\"Reversed String: \" + reverseString(s));\n    }\n\n    // method to reverse the string without using any library function\n    public static String reverseString(String s){\n        StringBuilder rev = new StringBuilder();\n        for(int i = s.length() - 1; i >= 0; i--){\n            rev.append(s.charAt(i));\n        }\n        return rev.toString();\n    }\n}\n\n// Output: Reversed String: dlroW olleH"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you split a string with multiple delimiters in python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "You can split a string with multiple delimiters in python using the re.split() function. This function takes a regular expression as an argument, which can include multiple delimiters. For example, the following will split a string at any whitespace characters: \n\nimport re\n\nstring = 'This is a string with multiple delimiters'\nprint(re.split('\\s+', string))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Identify the error in this code",
            "input": "def product(a, b):\n    \u2018\u2019\u2019 Returns product of a and b\u2019\u2019\u2019\n    return a * b",
            "output": "The error in the code is that the quotes in the docstring are not pairs of the same type. Instead of using \u2018\u2019\u2019 and \u201d\u201d\u201d, the code should use triple single quotes ''' or triple double quotes \"\"\" for the docstring. It should also have a space between the triple quotes and the text in the docstring for consistency. The code should be changed to:\n\ndef product(a, b):\n    \"\"\" Returns product of a and b \"\"\"\n    return a * b"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Reorder the elements of the following array",
            "input": "[2, 4, 6, 8, 10]",
            "output": "The elements of the array can be reordered by using the sort() method. The following code will reorder the elements in ascending order:\n\nmy_list = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]\nmy_list.sort()\nprint(my_list)\n\n# The output of this code will be:\n# [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Develop a python program to list out the unique elements of a tuple.",
            "input": "my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 2)",
            "output": "# Program to find out unique elements of a tuple\n\ndef unique_elements(my_tuple):\n    unique_list = []\n    for element in my_tuple:\n        if element not in unique_list:\n            unique_list.append(element)\n    return unique_list\n\n# Test the function\nmy_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 2, 4, 5, 6, 2)\nunique_elements = unique_elements(my_tuple)\nprint(unique_elements)\n\n# The output of this program will be\n# [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain how regular expressions can be used to identify and replace text in Python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Regular expressions can be used to identify and replace text in Python by using the re module. This module provides methods for searching for and matching patterns in text, discovering patterns in text, and replacing parts of a string matching a pattern. The re.sub() method can be used to search for a specified pattern, and then replace the matching pattern with a new string. For example, the following code will replace all occurences of 'a' with 'b':\n\nimport re\nstring = 'This is a string that contains a few letters a.'\nre.sub('a', 'b', string)\n\n# The output of this code will be:\n# This is b string that contains b few letters b."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code to add an item to the end of a list",
            "input": "my_list = [2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "def add_to_list(my_list, item):\n    \"\"\"This function adds an item to the end of a list\"\"\"\n    my_list.append(item)\n    return my_list\n\nmy_list = [2, 3, 4, 5]\nadd_to_list(my_list, 6)\n\n# The output of this code will be:\n# [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain how to check if a string is a palindrome",
            "input": "",
            "output": "A palindrome is a string that reads the same forward and backward. To check if a string is a palindrome, you can reverse the string and compare it to the original string. If the reversed string matches the original string, then the string is a palindrome. The following code will check if a string is a palindrome:\n\ndef is_palindrome(my_string):\n    \"\"\"This function returns True if a string is a palindrome\"\"\"\n    # Reverse the string\n    my_string_rev = my_string[::-1]\n    \n    # Compare the original and reversed strings\n    if my_string == my_string_rev:\n        return True\n    else:\n        return False\n\n# Test the function\nis_palindrome('abba')\n\n# The output of this code will be:\n# True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Explain how to parse a date string in Python",
            "input": "",
            "output": "In Python, you can parse a date string using the datetime module. This module contains functions and classes to parse, format, and manipulate dates and times in both simple and complex ways. The datetime.strptime() function can be used to convert a date string to a datetime.datetime object. This function takes two arguments: a string containing the date string, and a formatting string indicating the format of the date string. For example, the following code will parse the date in the string \"25/12/2019\":\n\nimport datetime\ndate_str = \"25/12/2019\"\ndate_object = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, '%d/%m/%Y')\n\n# The output of this code will be a datetime.datetime object\n# datetime.datetime(2019, 12, 25, 0, 0)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python code snippet to convert temperatures from Fahrenheit to Celsius.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def fahrenheit_to_celsius(temp):\n    \"\"\"Converts temperature in Fahrenheit to Celsius.\"\"\"\n    return (temp - 32.0) * 5.0 / 9.0"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a dictionary containing the numbers from 1 to 5 as keys and the strings \u2018one\u2019 to \u2018five\u2019 as values.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "my_dict = {\n    1: 'one',\n    2: 'two',\n    3: 'three',\n    4: 'four',\n    5: 'five'\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python code snippet to randomly select a number from a list [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6].",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import random\n\nmy_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\n\nrandom_number = random.choice(my_list)\nprint(random_number)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort a list of characters ['c', 'a', 'f', 'b', 'e'] alphabetically.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "my_list = ['c', 'a', 'f', 'b', 'e']\n\nsorted_list = sorted(my_list)\n\nprint(sorted_list) # ['a', 'b', 'c', 'e', 'f']"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Search for the string \u201cExample sentence\u201d in an input string and store its index.",
            "input": "input_string = \"This is an Example sentence.\"",
            "output": "import re\n\ninput_string = \"This is an Example sentence.\"\n\nmatch = re.search('Example sentence', input_string)\nindex = match.start() # index = 8"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find all the words in a string that starts with 'a'.",
            "input": "string = \"aardvark apple ant armadillo\"",
            "output": "import re\n\nstring = \"aardvark apple ant armadillo\"\n\nwords = re.findall(r'\\ba\\w+', string)\n\nprint(words) # ['aardvark', 'apple', 'ant']"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript code snippet to print out the current date in the format YYYY-MM-DD.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let today = new Date();\nlet year = today.getFullYear();\nlet month = String(today.getMonth() + 1).padStart(2, '0');\nlet date = String(today.getDate()).padStart(2, '0');\n\nconsole.log(`${year}-${month}-${date}`);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript code snippet to compare two numeric values and print to the console either \u201cSmaller\u201d, \u201cEqual\u201d, or \u201cBigger\u201d.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "let a = 3;\nlet b = 5;\n\nif (a < b) {\n    console.log(\"Smaller\")\n} else if (a === b) {\n    console.log(\"Equal\")\n} else {\n    console.log(\"Bigger\")\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes an integer as an argument and returns true if the integer is even, false otherwise.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def is_even(num):\n    \"\"\"Returns true if the number is even, false otherwise.\"\"\"\n    if num % 2 == 0:\n        return True\n    else:\n        return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program that will print out the prime numbers in a given range.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def is_prime(n):\n    \"\"\"Check if a number is a prime number\"\"\"\n    if n < 2:\n        return False\n    for i in range(2, n):\n        if n % i == 0:\n            return False\n    return True\n\ndef print_primes_in_range(start, end):\n    \"\"\"Prints all the prime numbers in a given range\"\"\"\n    for i in range(start, end + 1):\n        if is_prime(i):\n            print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Replace all the characters in a given string with the character \u201cX\u201d.",
            "input": "string = \"Hello World!\"",
            "output": "string = \"Hello World!\"\n\nreplaced_string = string.replace(\"\", \"X\")\n\nprint(replaced_string) # XXXXXXXXXXXX"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you find the number of elements in an array using JavaScript?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The number of elements in an array can be found using the length property of an array in JavaScript. The length property returns the number of elements in an array. \nFor example:\n\nlet arr = [1,2,3,4,5];\nlet numberOfElements = arr.length; // numberOfElements = 5"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Python to print the maximum number between two numbers given as input.",
            "input": "num1 = 10, num2 = 12",
            "output": "def max_num(num1, num2):\n    if num1 > num2:\n        return num1\n    else:\n        return num2\n\nmax_num_val = max_num(10, 12)\nprint(\"The maximum of the two numbers is:\", max_num_val)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you convert a JSON string to a JavaScript object?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The easiest way to convert a JSON string to a JavaScript object is to use the built-in JSON.parse() method. This method takes a JSON string as input and parses it into an object. For example:\n\nlet jsonString = '{\"name\":\"John\",\"age\":30}';\nlet data = JSON.parse(jsonString);\nconsole.log(data.name); // John\nconsole.log(data.age); // 30"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a CSS HTML snippet to create the following design.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<div>\n    <div class=\"first\">\n        <div class=\"square\">1</div>\n        <div class=\"square\">2</div>\n        <div class=\"square\">3</div>\n    </div>\n    <div class=\"second\">\n        <div class=\"square\">4</div>\n        <div class=\"square\">5</div>\n        <div class=\"square\">6</div>\n    </div>\n</div>\n\n<style>\n    .first, .second{\n        display: flex;\n    }\n    .square {\n        background: #000;\n        padding: 10px;\n        margin: 5px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        color: #FFF;\n        width: 30px;\n        height: 30px;\n    }\n</style>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can you check if an element exists in an array using JavaScript?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The easiest way to check if an element exists in an array using JavaScript is to use the Array.prototype.includes() method. This method returns true if the array contains the element, and false if it does not. \n\nFor example:\n\nlet arr = [1, 2, 3, 4];\nlet element = 3;\n\nif(arr.includes(element)) {\n  console.log(\"Element exists in the array\");\n}\nelse {\n  console.log(\"Element does not exist in the array\");\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Add the 'h1' HTML tag with the text \"My Page\" to the top of the page.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<h1>My Page</h1>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function called \u2018sum_even\u2019 in C language that returns the sum of all even integers between two given integers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "int sum_even(int a, int b) {\n    int sum = 0;\n    for (int i=a; i<=b; i++) {\n        if (i % 2 == 0) {\n            sum += i;\n        }\n    }\n    return sum;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SOQL query to count the total number of records in the 'Contact' object.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT COUNT(id) FROM Contact;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an XSLT template for transforming elements with the 'item' tag into an HTML table.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<xsl:template match=\"item\">\n   <table>\n   <tbody>\n      <xsl:for-each select=\"*\">\n         <tr>\n            <td><xsl:value-of select=\"name()\"/></td>\n            <td><xsl:value-of select=\".\"/></td>\n         </tr>\n      </xsl:for-each>\n   </tbody>\n   </table>\n</xsl:template>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert a given binary string to its corresponding decimal value.",
            "input": "110011",
            "output": "int decimalValue = Integer.parseInt(binaryString, 2);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Add the proper annotation to a Java method for rejecting any request that does not contain at least one parameter.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "@RequestMapping(method = RequestMethod.GET, params = {\"param1\", \"param2\"}) \npublic String rejectRequest() {\n   // Method logic here \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Python to print the first 10 elements in a list.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def print_first_10_elements(list): \n  for i in range (0, 10): \n    print (list[i])"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML table with four columns and five rows, each containing a corresponding number ranging from 1 to 5.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<table>\n  <tr><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td></tr>\n  <tr><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td></tr>\n  <tr><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>1</td></tr>\n  <tr><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>1</td><td>2</td></tr>\n  <tr><td>5</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td>3</td></tr>\n</table>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python function to find the mode of the given list of numbers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def find_mode(numbers): \n    data = Counter(numbers) \n    get_mode = dict(data) \n    mode = [k for k, v in get_mode.items() if v == max(list(data.values()))] \n\n    if len(mode) == len(numbers): \n        get_mode = \"No mode found\"\n    else: \n        get_mode = \"Mode is / are: \" + ', '.join(map(str, mode)) \n  \n    return get_mode"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML form with two input fields of type \u2018text\u2019, one labeled \u2018First Name\u2019 and one labeled \u2018Last Name\u2019.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<form>\n    <div><input type=\"text\" name=\"first_name\" placeholder=\"First Name\" /></div>\n    <div><input type=\"text\" name=\"last_name\" placeholder=\"Last Name\" /></div>\n</form>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Determine the largest value in an array of integers.",
            "input": "[1, 2, 20, 15, 10]",
            "output": ""
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a java program to print the sum of elements in an array",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "class ArraySum {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        int[] arr = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};\n        int sum = 0;\n        for (int i=0; i<arr.length; i++) {\n            sum += arr[i];\n        }\n        System.out.println(\"Sum of array elements is \" + sum);\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following JavaScript code to convert it into an array",
            "input": "let string = \"Apple, Orange, Banana, Pear\"",
            "output": "let arr = string.split(\", \"); \nconsole.log(arr); // Output: [\"Apple\", \"Orange\", \"Banana\", \"Pear\"]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a function to convert a numeric degree temperature to its equivalent in Celsius",
            "input": "",
            "output": "// Function to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius\nfunction toCelsius(fahrenheit) {\n  return (fahrenheit - 32) * 5/9;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function to find the type of a variable",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function findType(val) {\n    return typeof val;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How does the any() method work in Java?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "The any() function in Java returns true if at least one element of the stream matches the provided predicate. It returns false if all elements are false. It takes in a predicate as an argument and checks all the elements in the stream, returning true if any element satisfies the given predicate. It is a terminal operation and is available in the java.util.stream package."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to remove all leading and trailing whitespaces in a string",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function removeWhitespace(str) {\n    return str.replace(/^\\s+|\\s+$/gm,'');\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a python program to calculate the mean of a list",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "def mean(mylist):\n    sum_list = sum(mylist)\n    list_length = len(mylist)\n    mean = sum_list/list_length\n    return mean\n\nprint(mean([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program that prints all prime numbers between 1 and 100.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for(int i=2; i<100; i++)\n{\n    boolean isPrime = true;\n \n    for(int j=2; j<i; j++)\n    {\n        if(i % j == 0)\n        {\n            isPrime = false;\n            break;\n        }\n    }\n \n    if(isPrime)\n        System.out.print(i + \" \");\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python function that takes in a word and returns the same word in reverse.",
            "input": "String word = \"hello\";",
            "output": "def reverseWord(word):\n    reversed = \"\"\n    for i in range(len(word)-1, -1, -1):\n        reversed += word[i]\n    return reversed"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a program that sorts the elements of an array in ascending order.",
            "input": "int[] numbers = {3, 6, 1, 5, 9};",
            "output": "for (int i = 0; i < numbers.Length - 1; i++)\n{\n    for (int j = i + 1; j < numbers.Length; j++)\n    {\n        if (numbers[i] > numbers[j])\n        {\n            int temp = numbers[i];\n            numbers[i] = numbers[j];\n            numbers[j] = temp;\n        }\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL command to find the sum of all the values in a column.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT SUM(column_name) FROM table_name;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Transform the following JavaScript code into a function.",
            "input": "let num = 20;\nlet result = num + 10;\nconsole.log(result);",
            "output": "function addTen(num) {\n  let result = num + 10;\n  console.log(result);\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the following procedural code into a functional one.",
            "input": "int a = 10;\nint b = 15;\nint c = 20;\nint result = a + b + c;\nConsole.WriteLine(result);",
            "output": "int result = Sum(a,b,c);\n\nConsole.WriteLine(result);\n\npublic static int Sum(int a, int b, int c) {\n    return a + b + c;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to search for a specified string in a given list.",
            "input": "String[] words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"};\nString searchString = \"banana\";",
            "output": "bool containsString = words.Any(s => s == searchString);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Java that takes a string and returns the number of vowels in it.",
            "input": "\"Hello, World!\"",
            "output": "public static int countVowels(String s) {\n int count = 0;\n for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++) {\n   switch(s.charAt(i)) {\n     case 'a':\n     case 'e':\n     case 'i':\n     case 'o':\n     case 'u':\n       count++;\n       break;\n   }\n }\n return count;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a MySQL table called 'products' with the fields 'id', 'name', 'description' and 'price'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "CREATE TABLE products ( \n  id INT(6) UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,\n  name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,\n  description TEXT,\n  price DECIMAL(10, 2)\n)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the code below from JavaScript to Java.",
            "input": "const sum = (x, y) => x + y;",
            "output": "public static int sum(int x, int y) {\n  return x + y;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a React component to display a list of products and their prices.",
            "input": "products = [\n  {name: \"Laptop\", price: \"$800\"}, \n  {name: \"Phone\", price: \"$400\"}\n]",
            "output": "class Products extends React.Component {\n  render() {\n    const products = this.props.products;\n    return (\n      <div>\n        {products.map(product => \n          <div key={product.name}>\n            {product.name} - {product.price}\n          </div>\n        )}\n      </div>\n    );\n  }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a web page in HTML with a heading and a paragraph of text.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n <head>\n  <title>My Page</title>\n </head>\n <body>\n  <h1>Welcome to My Page</h1>\n  <p>This is my page and I'm so excited for you to visit!</p>\n </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an array of 10 integers in C++ and print the sum of all numbers in the array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "#include<iostream>\nusing namespace std;\n\nint main() {\n  int arr[10] = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};\n  int sum = 0;\n  // using loop to find sum\n  for (int i=0; i<10; i++) {\n    sum = sum + arr[i];\n  }\n  cout<<\"Sum of 10 integers is: \"<<sum;\n  return 0;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "In JavaScript, write a function to generate an array of length n with random numbers from 0 to 100.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function generateRandomArray(n) {\n  const result = [];\n  for (let i=0; i<n; i++) {\n    result.push(Math.floor(Math.random() * (100 - 0 + 1)) + 0);\n  }\n  return result;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compress the string \"aaabbcccdddd\" using run-length encoding.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "3a2b3c4d"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python class called 'Animal' with 2 fields: name and type.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Animal(object):\n  def __init__(self, name, type):\n    self.name = name\n    self.type = type"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an Angular component to display a list of books, and their authors.",
            "input": "books = [\n  {title: \"The Cat in the Hat\", author: \"Dr. Seuss\"},\n  {title: \"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer\", author: \"Mark Twain\"}\n]",
            "output": "import { Component } from '@angular/core';\n\n@Component({\n  selector: 'book-list',\n  template: `\n  <ul>\n    <li *ngFor=\"let book of books\">\n      {{book.title}} - {{book.author}}\n    </li>\n  </ul>\n  `\n})\nexport class BookListComponent {\n  books = [\n    {title: \"The Cat in the Hat\", author: \"Dr. Seuss\"},\n    {title: \"The Adventures of Tom Sawyer\", author: \"Mark Twain\"}\n  ];\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a SQL query to find the 3 most expensive products in a table called 'products'.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT id, name, price\nFROM products\nORDER BY price DESC\nLIMIT 3;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Reverse the order of the words in the following sentence:",
            "input": "Learning to code is great.",
            "output": "Great is code to learning."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the fourth element of the given array.",
            "input": "arr = [9, 12, 21, 45, 88]",
            "output": "45"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL query that returns the salary of the employee with the highest salary in each department.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT d.name, e.salary\nFROM department d\nINNER JOIN employee e\nON e.dep_id = d.id\nWHERE e.salary = (SELECT max(salary)\n                  FROM employee\n                  WHERE dep_id = d.id)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use a loop to print each of the elements in the following array.",
            "input": "arr = [\"A\",\"B\",\"C\",\"D\",\"E\"]",
            "output": "for elem in arr:\n print(elem)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Java program to print each element of the given array.",
            "input": "arr = [2, 4, 6, 8]",
            "output": "public class Main {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        int[] arr = {2, 4, 6, 8};\n        \n        for (int element : arr) {\n            System.out.println(element);\n        }\n    }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an HTML page with a form to capture the user's name and age.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<html>\n    <head><title>User Information Form</title></head>\n    <body>\n        <h2>User Information Form</h2>\n        <form action=\"user_information.php\" method=\"post\">\n            <p>Name: <input type=\"text\" name=\"name\"></p>\n            <p>Age: <input type=\"number\" name=\"age\"></p>\n            <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\">\n        </form>\n    </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "What is the maximum element in the given array?",
            "input": "arr = [3, 4, 8, 9, 10]",
            "output": "10"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Object-oriented programming: Create a class in Java that encapsulates customer information.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class Customer {\n   private String name;\n   private int age;\n   \n   public Customer(String name, int age) {\n      this.name = name;\n      this.age = age;\n   }\n   \n   public String getName() {\n      return name;\n   }\n   \n   public int getAge() {\n      return age;\n   }\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in C++ to merge two sorted arrays into one.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "vector<int> mergeSortedArrays(vector<int>& array1, vector<int>& array2) {\n    int index1 = 0, index2 = 0;\n    vector<int> result;\n    while (index1 < array1.size() && index2 < array2.size()) {\n        if (array1[index1] < array2[index2]) {\n            result.push_back(array1[index1++]);\n        }\n        else {\n            result.push_back(array2[index2++]);\n        }\n    }\n    while (index1 < array1.size()) {\n        result.push_back(array1[index1++]);\n    }\n    while (index2 < array2.size()) {\n        result.push_back(array2[index2++]);\n    }\n    return result;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Delete the fourth element in the following array.",
            "input": "arr = [9, 12, 21, 45, 88]",
            "output": "[9, 12, 21, 88]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Ruby program that returns the longest string in an array.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def get_longest_string(arr)\n longest_string = ''\n for string in arr\n longest_string = string if string.length > longest_string.length\n end\n return longest_string\nend"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the html string below by removing the < h2> and </ h2> tags.",
            "input": "<div>\n    <h2>Task Instructions</h2>\n    <p>Write a program to calculate the area and perimeter of a rectangle.</p>\n</div>",
            "output": "<div>\n    <p>Write a program to calculate the area and perimeter of a rectangle.</p>\n</div>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function that takes an array of integers and returns an object containing the total of all the evens and odds.",
            "input": "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]",
            "output": "def evenOddArrayCount(arr):\n    even = 0\n    odd = 0\n    for val in arr:\n        if val % 2 == 0:\n            even += 1\n        else:\n            odd += 1\n    return {'even': even, 'odd': odd}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes a date as an argument and returns the weekday.",
            "input": "May 31st, 2019",
            "output": "def get_weekday_from_date(date):\n    day, month, year = [int(el) for el in date.split(\" \")]\n    weekdays = [\"Monday\",\"Tuesday\",\"Wednesday\",\"Thursday\",\"Friday\",\"Saturday\",\"Sunday\"]\n    day_num = datetime.date(year, month, day).weekday()\n    return weekdays[day_num]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to reverse the words in a sentence.",
            "input": "'All that glitters is not gold'",
            "output": "def reverseWords(sentence):\n    return ' '.join(sentence.split(' ')[::-1])"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write code that prints out the factorial of a number.",
            "input": "5",
            "output": "def factorial(n): \n    factorial = 1\n    for i in range(1, n+1): \n        factorial *= i \n    return factorial"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a regular expression to match alphanumeric strings with even length.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "^[a-zA-Z0-9]{2}$"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to find the first character in a string that does not repeat.",
            "input": "\"apple\"",
            "output": "def firstNonRepeatChar(s):\n    chars = set()\n    for c in s:\n        if c not in chars:\n            chars.add(c)\n            if s.count(c) == 1:\n                return c\n    return None"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function for flattening a nested array.",
            "input": "[1, [2, [3], [4, 5]]]",
            "output": "def flatten_nested_array(arr):\n    new_arr = []\n    for el in arr:\n        if isinstance(el, list):\n            new_arr.extend(flatten_nested_array(el))\n        else:\n            new_arr.append(el)\n    return new_arr"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write code to compare two strings and return the number of characters that differ.",
            "input": "\"abcde\" and \"abcedf\"",
            "output": "def compareStrings(str1, str2):\n    count = 0\n    for i in range(min(len(str1), len(str2))):\n        if(str1[i] != str2[i]):\n            count += 1\n    count += abs(len(str1) - len(str2))\n    return count"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the given sentence into a Python dictionary.",
            "input": "John is 25 years old, married with two children.",
            "output": "{\n    'name': 'John',\n    'age': 25,\n    'marital_status': 'married',\n    'children': 2\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the area of the given circle.",
            "input": "radius = 5",
            "output": "Area of the circle is 78.53 square units."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Extract the title from the given sentence.",
            "input": "He is the CEO of ABC company.",
            "output": "CEO"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort the given list in descending order.",
            "input": "[3, 4, 6, 2, 1]",
            "output": "[6, 4, 3, 2, 1]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the index of the maximum value in the given array.",
            "input": "arr = [5, 7, 2, 4, 9]",
            "output": "index of the maximum value is 4."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the given function to make it return an empty string in case the list is empty instead of an empty boolean.",
            "input": "def all_true_list(list):\n   if len(list) == 0:\n       return False",
            "output": "def all_true_list(list):\n   if len(list) == 0:\n       return \"\"\n   else:\n       return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate 4 random numbers between 1 and 6.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "[2, 3, 4, 6]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a 2-dimensional array of size 5x3 containing random integers from 1 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "[[6, 5, 9], [7, 10, 1], [4, 3, 5], [2, 8, 1], [1, 6, 9]]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Convert the following JSON string into Python dictionary.",
            "input": "{\"id\": 105, \"name\": \"John Doe\", \"age\": 30}",
            "output": "data_dict = {\n    \"id\": 105,\n    \"name\": \"John Doe\",\n    \"age\": 30\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to print a staircase pattern, given the number of rows.",
            "input": "number_of_rows = 5",
            "output": "def print_stairs(number_of_rows):\n    for row in range(number_of_rows):\n        steps = '#' * (row+1)\n        spaces = ' ' * (number_of_rows - (row + 1))\n        print(spaces + steps)\n\nprint_stairs(number_of_rows)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write code to calculate the factorial of an integer n",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def factorial(n):\n    if n == 0:\n        return 1\n    else:\n        return n * factorial(n-1)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a regex expression to match a sentence that starts with \"hello\"",
            "input": "",
            "output": "^hello\\s.*"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a 3D array of shape (2, 3, 4)",
            "input": "",
            "output": "arr = np.zeros((2,3,4))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the mean of this list [3, 5, 8, 9, 10]",
            "input": "",
            "output": "mean = (3+5+8+9+10)/5 = 7.2"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write code to remove the non-alphabetic characters from this string: \"Hello! My name is John.\"",
            "input": "",
            "output": "output = ''.join(c for c in \"Hello! My name is John.\" if c.isalpha())"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Dividing two integers without using the division operator",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def divide_integers(a, b):\n    count = 0\n    while a >= b:\n        a = a - b\n        count += 1\n    return count"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit this string so that it contains only the letters from the alphabet",
            "input": "Hello1234!",
            "output": "output = ''.join(c for c in 'Hello1234!' if c.isalpha())"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a unique identifier 12 characters long",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import uuid \nID = str(uuid.uuid4())[:12]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a random alphanumeric string 10 characters long",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import random\nimport string\n\nrandomStr = ''.join([random.choice(string.ascii_letters + string.digits) for n in range(10)])"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Add the digits of a three-digit number",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def add_digits(n):\n    sum = 0\n    while n > 0:\n        sum += n%10\n        n //= 10\n    return sum"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a list `lst` and an element `x`, write a function to insert `x` at the end of the list `lst` and return the new list.",
            "input": "lst = [1, 2, 3, 4] \nx = 5",
            "output": "def insert_at_end(lst, x):\n lst.append(x)\n return lst"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a list comprehension that prints all the even numbers in the given list `lst`.",
            "input": "lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]",
            "output": "even_numbers = [x for x in lst if x % 2 == 0]\nprint(even_numbers)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How can we query a collection of MongoDB documents stored in a specific database?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "We can query a collection of MongoDB documents stored in a specific database using the MongoDB query language. This allows us to filter, sort, and manipulate documents in the collection. For example, we can use find() to search for documents with certain field values. We can also use update(), insert(), and remove() operations to modify documents in the collection."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a list of integers, write a function to remove all the elements that are less than `x`, and return a new list.",
            "input": "lst = [2, 3, 4, 5, 1, 7, 6]\nx = 5",
            "output": "def remove_elements_less_than_x(lst, x):\n new_list = [num for num in lst if num >= x]\n return new_list\n\nupdated_list = remove_elements_less_than_x(lst, x)\nprint(updated_list) # [5, 7, 6]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an object-oriented representation of an Inventory class.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Inventory:\n\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.items = []\n\n    def add_item(self, item):\n        self.items.append(item)\n\n    def get_inventory(self):\n        return self.items"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a LaTeX table with 4 columns to compare the following programming languages: Java, Python, C#, and JavaScript.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "\\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|}\n\\hline \n  & Java & Python & C\\# \\\\ \n\\hline \n\\textbf{Typing} & Strongly Typed & Strongly/Dynamically Typed & Stongly Typed \\\\ \n\\hline \n\\textbf{Suport} & Wide & Wide & Wide \\\\ \n\\hline \n\\textbf{Speed} & Slow & Medium & Fast \\\\ \n\\hline \n\\textbf{Web Dev} & Low & High & High \\\\\n\\hline \n\\end{tabular}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a loop that prints all numbers from 1 to 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for i in range(1,11):\n print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a database to store customer information, such as name and order history.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Create a database named 'customers', with the following tables: \n1. Customers:\n   - customerID (PK) \n   - name\n   - address\n   - phone\n   - email\n\n2. Order_History:\n   - OrderID (PK) \n   - CustomerID (FK)\n   - ProductID \n   - Quantity"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a python script that returns the sum of the given list `lst`.",
            "input": "lst = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "def find_sum(lst):\n sum = 0\n for num in lst:\n sum += num\n return sum\n\ntotal = find_sum([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])\nprint(total) # 15"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Segement a string based on an encroaching character.",
            "input": "string = \"The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.\"\ncharacter = ' '",
            "output": "segments = string.split(character) # [\"The\", \"quick\", \"brown\", \"fox\", \"jumps\", \"over\", \"the\", \"lazy\", \"dog.\"]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a dictionary with the keywords 'a', 'b', 'c' and the corresponding values 1, 2, 3.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "my_dict = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python script to scrape a website for all links.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import requests\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n\ndef scrape_website(url):\n\t# make a GET request\n\tr = requests.get(url)\n\t# parse the content\n\tsoup = BeautifulSoup(r.content, 'html.parser')\n\t# find all links\n\tlinks = soup.find_all('a')\n\t# return list of links\n\treturn [link.get('href') for link in links]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a string, convert it to camel case.",
            "input": "string = \"the_quick_brown_fox\"",
            "output": "def make_camel_case(string): \n    words = string.split(\"_\") \n    camel_case_string = words[0].lower() \n    for word in words[1:]: \n        camel_case_string += word.title() \n    return camel_case_string"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to convert a number to a roman numeral.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function numberToRoman(number) {\n  const decimal = [1, 4, 5, 9, 10, 40, 50, 90, 100, 400, 500, 900, 1000];\n  const romanNum = [\n    \"I\",\n    \"IV\",\n    \"V\",\n    \"IX\",\n    \"X\",\n    \"XL\",\n    \"L\",\n    \"XC\",\n    \"C\",\n    \"CD\",\n    \"D\",\n    \"CM\",\n    \"M\",\n  ];\n\n  let roman = \"\";\n\n  // loop from 12 to 0 (decimal length)\n  for (let i = decimal.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {\n    // if number is greater than decimal[i]\n    // divide number by decimal[i] and add romanNum[i] to roman\n    // and set number to the remainder of dividing number by decimal[i]\n    if (number >= decimal[i]) {\n      roman += romanNum[i].repeat(Math.floor(number / decimal[i]));\n      number = number % decimal[i];\n    }\n  }\n  return roman;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Perform Lexical Analysis on the following sentence.",
            "input": "The cat sat on the mat.",
            "output": "The: Determiner\ncat: Noun\nsat: Verb\non: Preposition\nthe: Determiner\nmat: Noun"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a TensorFlow placeholder to represent the input weights of a neural network.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "weights = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=[None, input_size])"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a for loop for iterating over the elements in the given list.",
            "input": "sample_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]",
            "output": "for element in sample_list:\n    print(element)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Find the sum of the given array using reduce function.",
            "input": "array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "from functools import reduce\n\narray = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\nsum = reduce((lambda x, y: x + y), array)\nprint(sum)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Identify the language in which the following code is written.",
            "input": "a = \"Hello World\"\nprint(a)",
            "output": "Python"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a sql query to find the number of books with genre_id equals to 1.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT COUNT(*)\nFROM book\nWHERE genre_id = 1;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Python that reverses a given string.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def reverse_string(string):\n    '''This function reverses the given string'''\n    reversed_string = \"\"\n    for char in string:\n        reversed_string = char + reversed_string\n    return reversed_string"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Java program to calculate the average of an array of integers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "public class Average { \n  \n    public static void main(String[] args) \n    { \n        int arr[] = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 }; \n        double sum = 0L; \n        int n = arr.length; \n  \n        // Loop through the array to calculate sum \n        for (int i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { \n            sum += (double)arr[i]; \n        } \n  \n        double average = sum / n; \n  \n        System.out.println(\"Average of the array is: \" + average); \n    } \n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the following JavaScript code to log the value of x multiplied by 3.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "const x = 5;\n\nconsole.log(x * 3);"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a HTML form which contains two input fields: name and age.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "<form>\n  <label for=\"name\">Name:</label>\n  <input type=\"text\" name=\"name\" id=\"name\">\n  <br/>\n  <label for=\"age\">Age:</label>\n  <input type=\"text\" name=\"age\" id=\"age\">\n  <br/>\n  <input type=\"submit\" value=\"Submit\">\n</form>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL query to find the sum of price for items with id greater than 5.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT SUM(price)\nFROM items\nWHERE id > 5;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Categorize the following dataset according to Mode of Study.",
            "input": "Name, Mode of study\nJohn, Distance Learning\nJenny, On-site\nBob, Distance Learning",
            "output": "Mode of study, Count\nDistance Learning, 2\nOn-site, 1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript program that logs the index of the letter 'e' in the string below.",
            "input": "String: Glorious",
            "output": "let string = \"Glorious\";\nconsole.log(string.indexOf(\"e\"));"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Edit the following MySQL query to return names of the students in alphabetical order.",
            "input": "SELECT name\nFROM student",
            "output": "SELECT name\nFROM student\nORDER BY name ASC;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a CSS code to make a 3 pixel wide, red border around all buttons.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "button {\n  border: 3px solid red;\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class in Python that implements insertion sort to sort a given array of integers.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class InsertionSort:\n    def sort(self, nums):\n        for i in range(1, len(nums)): \n            key = nums[i] \n            j = i-1\n            while j >= 0 and key < nums[j] : \n                    nums[j + 1] = nums[j] \n                    j -= 1\n            nums[j + 1] = key\n        return nums"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function that takes two strings s1 and s2 and concatenates them in reverse order.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def reverse_concatenate(s1, s2):\n    return s2 + s1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class to encode a string using the Caesar cipher technique.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Caesar:\n    def __init__(self, key):\n    \"\"\"Initialises the cipher with the given key.\"\"\"\n    self.key = key\n \n    def encode(self, string):\n        \"\"\"Encodes the given string with the given key.\"\"\"\n        encoded_string = \"\"\n        for c in string:\n            if c.isalpha():\n                if c.islower():\n                    encoded_string += chr((ord(c)-ord('a') + self.key) % 26 + ord('a'))\n                else:\n                    encoded_string += chr((ord(c)-ord('A') + self.key) % 26 + ord('A'))\n            else:\n                encoded_string += c\n \n        return encoded_string"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Using regular expressions, write a Python function to find all the alphabetic words from a given string.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def find_words(string):\n    return re.findall(\"\\w+\", string)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a function to generate a 2-dimensional array of size NxN populated with 1's and 0's. All of the elements along the diagonal from the top left to bottom right should be 0's.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def generate_array(N):\n    matrix = [[0 for i in range(N)] for j in range(N)]\n    for i in range(N):\n        for j in range(N):\n            if i != j:\n                matrix[i][j] = 1\n    return matrix"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python program to parse a given web page and extract all the text from the web page.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def parse_html(html):\n    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')\n    text = soup.find_all(text=True)\n    visible_texts = filter(visible_text, text)\n    return \" \".join(visible_texts)\n\ndef visible_text(element):\n    if element.parent.name in ['style', 'script', 'head', 'title', 'meta', '[document]']:\n        return False\n    if isinstance(element, Comment):\n        return False\n    return True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Generate a program to filter a given array of strings and keep only those with length greater than given length K.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def filter_by_length(words, k):\n    filtered = []\n    for w in words:\n        if len(w) > k:\n            filtered.append(w)\n    return filtered"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function in Python to determine if a given BST with n nodes contains a valid BST.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def is_valid_bst(root, min=-1e40, max=1e40):\n    if root is None:\n        return True\n    \n    if root.val <= min or root.val >= max:\n        return False\n    \n    return is_valid_bst(root.left, min, root.val) and is_valid_bst(root.right, root.val, max)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a Python program to find the optimal number of clusters for clustering a given set of data points.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def optimal_clusters(data):\n    best_score = -1e10\n    best_k = 0\n    for k in range(1, len(data) + 1):\n        kmeans = KMeans(n_clusters=k) \n        kmeans.fit(data)\n        score = kmeans.inertia_\n        if score > best_score:\n            best_score = score\n            best_k = k\n    return best_k"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a truth table for the statement : \"X OR Y\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "| X | Y | X OR Y |\n|---|---|--------|\n| 0 | 0 |    0   |\n| 0 | 1 |    1   |\n| 1 | 0 |    1   |\n| 1 | 1 |    1   |"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a list of integers, write a function to return a list of only even numbers.",
            "input": "[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]",
            "output": "def get_even_integers(numbers):\n  return [x for x in numbers if x % 2 == 0]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Read the following code and suggest an improvement that can make the code more efficient.",
            "input": "def is_prime(num)\n  for i in range(2, num):\n     if (num % i) == 0:\n        return False\n  return True",
            "output": "def is_prime(num):\n  if (num < 2):\n    return False\n  \n  for i in range(2, int(num ** 0.5)+1):\n     if (num % i) == 0:\n        return False\n  return True"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given an array of numbers, write a function to remove the duplicates and return a list with the unique elements.",
            "input": "[1,2,1,3,4,2]",
            "output": "def remove_duplicates(array):\n  return list(set(array))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a number, write a function that returns the sum of its digits.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def sum_digits(num):\n  total = 0\n  num = str(num)\n  for i in range(len(num)):\n    total += int(num[i])\n  return total"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a decision tree using the following dataset.",
            "input": "Temperature    Rain    Play\nHot            No      Yes \nMild           No      Yes\nMild           Yes     No\nHot            No      No",
            "output": "Play\n  No/Yes \n  /   \\  \nHot  Mild\n  |     |\n  No    Y\n  |    / \\\n  No   No Yes"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Construct a visualization to illustrate the following data.",
            "input": "Country    Population\nChina      164.02 million\nUSA        224.92 million\nIndia      158.97 million",
            "output": "The visualization created could be a bar graph showing the population of the three countries. The bar for each country would be labelled with the country name and population."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a regex expression to delete all whitespace from a string.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "\\s"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Python dictionary from the following 2 lists.",
            "input": "Keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nValues = [1, 2, 3]",
            "output": "dictionary = {\n    \"a\": 1,\n    \"b\": 2,\n    \"c\": 3\n    }"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a MongoDB query to get all documents which have the age greater than 21.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "db.students.find({ age: { $gt: 21 } })"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create an AJAX request to send an HTTP GET request to the following URL.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "$.ajax({\n  method: \"GET\",\n  url: \"example.com\",\n  success: function(data) {\n    // do something\n  }\n });"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a JavaScript function to select all checkboxes in a form.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "function selectAllCheckboxes() {\n  var checkboxes = document.querySelectorAll('input[type=\"checkbox\"]');\n  for (var i = 0; i < checkboxes.length; i++) {\n    checkboxes[i].checked = true;\n  }\n }"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Concatenate the two provided strings",
            "input": "string1 = \"Hello\"\nstring2 = \"World!\"",
            "output": "string1 + string2"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort the provided array from smallest to biggest",
            "input": "arr = [56, 17, 5, 67, 3]",
            "output": "sorted(arr) # [3, 5, 17, 56, 67]"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use for loops and if statements to print the numbers from 1 to 20 that are not divisible by 3",
            "input": "",
            "output": "for i in range(1, 21):\n  if i % 3 != 0:\n    print(i)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function that takes two lists and returns a list with the elements from both lists combined",
            "input": "list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [4, 5, 6]",
            "output": "def merge_lists(list1, list2): \n  return list1 + list2"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use the provided array of objects to get the sum of all the values",
            "input": "data = [\n { 'id': 1, 'value': 10 },\n { 'id': 2, 'value': 20 },\n { 'id': 3, 'value': 30 },\n]",
            "output": "sum_val = 0\nfor row in data:\n  sum_val += row['value']\nprint(sum_val) # 60"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Make an AJAX call to the given URL and print the returned data",
            "input": "url = \"http://example.com/api\"",
            "output": "$.ajax({\n  url: url,\n  success: function(data) {\n    console.log(data);\n  }\n});"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Use a for loop to calculate the sum of all the even numbers in the provided array",
            "input": "arr = [8, 2, 3, 2, 9, 10]",
            "output": "even_sum = 0\n for x in arr: \n  if x % 2 == 0: \n    even_sum += x\n print(even_sum) # 20"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Transform the provided list of lists into a dictionary",
            "input": "data = [ [1, 'John'], [2, 'Paul'], [3, 'George'], [4, 'Ringo'] ]",
            "output": "dict_data = dict(data)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a SQL query to combine the two tables employees and orders.",
            "input": "Employees Table:\nid \tname \tage\n1 \tJohn \t22\n2 \tAlex \t35\n3 \tAmy \t27\n\nOrders Table:\norder_id \temployee_id \torder_price\n1 \t2 \t$100\n2 \t3 \t$500\n3 \t3 \t$200",
            "output": "SELECT Employees.id, Employees.name, Employees.age, Orders.employee_id, Orders.order_price FROM Employees \nINNER JOIN Orders ON Employees.id = Orders.employee_id;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Offer a solution to make the following code more efficient.",
            "input": "def calculate_median(lst):\n    sorted_lst = sorted(lst)\n    n = len(sorted_lst)\n    if n%2 == 0:\n        median1 = sorted_lst[n//2]\n        median2 = sorted_lst[n//2-1] \n        median = (median1 + median2)/2\n    else:\n        median = sorted_lst[n//2]\n    return median",
            "output": "def calculate_median(lst):\n    n = len(lst)\n    if n%2 == 0:\n        sorted_lst = sorted(lst)\n        median1 = sorted_lst[n//2]\n        median2 = sorted_lst[n//2-1] \n        median = (median1 + median2)/2\n    else:\n        median = sorted(lst)[n//2]\n    return median"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Answer the following question: Is there a way to create models in Python with deep learning with fewer lines of code?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "Yes, there is a way to create deep learning models in Python with fewer lines of code. Many libraries provide a high level of abstraction for deep learning tasks such as Keras, TensorFlow, PyTorch, and fast.ai, which allow developers to create models in fewer lines of code. Additionally, there are tools such as AutoML or Transfer learning that allow developers to create models with minimal code."
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a pandas DataFrame, how would you add a new column to the DataFrame?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "You can add a new column to a pandas DataFrame by using the DataFrame.assign() method. For example, to add a new column named 'name', you can use the following code:\n\ndf = df.assign(name=new_column_data)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Given a string, determine the count of occurrences of each character.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "You can get the count of occurrences of each character in a string by using a Counter object from the collections library. For example, to get the count of each character in the string \"Hello World\", you can use the following code:\n\nfrom collections import Counter\n\nstring = \"Hello World\"\ncounts = Counter(string)\nprint(counts)\n\n# Output: Counter({'l': 3, 'o': 2, 'H': 1, 'e': 1, ' ': 1, 'W': 1, 'r': 1, 'd': 1})"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a class in Python that implements a stack.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class Stack:\n    def __init__(self):\n        self.items = []\n        \n    def isEmpty(self):\n        return len(self.items) == 0\n\n    def push(self, item):\n        self.items.append(item)\n\n    def pop(self):\n        return self.items.pop()\n\n    def peek(self):\n        return self.items[len(self.items)-1]\n\n    def size(self):\n        return len(self.items)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the euclidean distance between the following two points in 3-space.",
            "input": "pointA = [3, 5, 7]\npointB = [1, 2, 4]",
            "output": "distance = 5.0385164807134504  # sqrt((3 - 1) ** 2 + (5 - 2) ** 2 + (7 - 4) ** 2)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Calculate the sum of all the numbers between 0 and 10.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "55"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Display the current date and time in a specific format.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "from datetime import datetime \n\ncurrent_datetime = datetime.now()\nformatted_date_time = current_datetime.strftime(\"%d-%m-%Y %H:%M:%S\") \n  \nprint(\"Current Date & Time: \", formatted_date_time)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Build a HTML page which contains the given string in the format of a paragraph.",
            "input": "This is the sample string.",
            "output": "<html>\n<body>\n  <p>This is the sample string.</p>\n</body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Reverse the items of the given array without creating a new array.",
            "input": "arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]",
            "output": "for i in range(0, int(len(arr)/2)):\n temp = arr[i]\n arr[i] = arr[len(arr)-1-i]\n arr[len(arr)-1-i] = temp"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Add the following two matrices.",
            "input": "Matrix 1: \n[[2, 4], \n [3, 4]] \nMatrix 2: \n[[5, 6], \n [7, 8]]",
            "output": "matrix1 = [[2, 4], \n           [3, 4]]\nmatrix2 = [[5, 6], \n           [7, 8]]\n\ndef add_matrix(m1, m2):\n    rows1 = len(m1)\n    cols1 = len(m1[0])\n    rows2 = len(m2)\n    cols2 = len(m2[0])\n\n    if rows1 != rows2 or cols1 != cols2:\n        return\n\n    result = [[0 for i in range(cols1)] for j in range(rows1)]\n\n    for i in range(rows1):\n        for j in range(cols1):\n            result[i][j] = m1[i][j] + m2[i][j]\n    \n    return result\n\nresult = add_matrix(matrix1, matrix2)\nprint(result)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a regex pattern to validate a given email address.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "^[A-Za-z0-9]+([_.-][A-Za-z0-9]+)*@[A-Za-z0-9]+([_.-][A-Za-z0-9]+)*\\.([A-Za-z]{2,})$"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to detect if the entered character is an alphabet or not.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def is_alphabet(c): \n    if ((c >= 'a' and c <= 'z') or \n        (c >= 'A' and c <= 'Z')): \n        return True\n    else: \n        return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Build a function to flip a given binary number.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def flip_binary_num(num): \n\treturn num ^ 1"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the following python code to include try/catch construct",
            "input": "def sort_array(array):\n    array.sort()",
            "output": "def sort_array(array):\n    try: \n        array.sort()\n    except Exception as e:\n        print('Error occured while sorting',e)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How to check if a string is a valid IP address in python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "import re\n\ndef is_valid_ip(ip_string):\n    regex = '''^(25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9][0-9]?)\\.(\n        25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9][0-9]?)\\.(\n        25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9][0-9]?)\\.(\n        25[0-5]|2[0-4][0-9]|[0-1]?[0-9][0-9]?)$'''\n    if re.search(regex, ip_string):  \n        return True \n    else : \n        return False"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a code in python to separate the elements of a given list into even and odd numbers.",
            "input": "my_list = [1,3,4,6,7,8]",
            "output": "my_list = [1,3,4,6,7,8]\n\neven_numbers = []\nodd_numbers = []\n\nfor num in my_list:\n    if num % 2 == 0:\n        even_numbers.append(num)\n    else:\n        odd_numbers.append(num)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a html page that displays the following text on the web page.",
            "input": "Hello World!!",
            "output": "<html>\n  <head>\n    <title>Hello World!! </title>\n  </head>\n  <body>\n    Hello World!! \n  </body>\n</html>"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How to check if a value exist in a dictionary in python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "my_dict = {'key1':'value1', 'key2':'value2', 'key3':'value3'}\n\ndef is_in_dict(key, my_dict):\n    return key in my_dict"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function in Python to replace a substring in a given string.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "def replace_substring(string, target_substring, replacement):\n    return string.replace(target_substring, replacement)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Suggest a completion for following SQL query.",
            "input": "SELECT name, age \nFROM Customers \nWHERE",
            "output": "SELECT name, age \nFROM Customers \nWHERE age > 18"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "How to sort a list of tuples in python?",
            "input": "",
            "output": "my_list = [('apple', 5), ('banana', 7), ('guava', 2)]\n\nsorted_list = sorted(my_list, key=lambda tup: tup[1])"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Modify the code such that is draws a red rectangle given the coordinates (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) as input.",
            "input": "(x1=30, y1=20, x2=50, y2=80)",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nDraw a red rectangle given the coordinates (x1,y1) and (x2,y2) as input\n\"\"\"\nimport cv2\n\ndef draw_red_rectangle(x1,y1,x2,y2):\n    img = cv2.imread('sample.jpg')\n    cv2.rectangle(img,(x1,y1),(x2,y2),(0,0,255),2)\n    cv2.imshow('image', img)\n    cv2.waitKey(0)\n    cv2.destroyAllWindows()\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    draw_red_rectangle(30,20,50,80)"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Classify a given document as \"English\" or \"Spanish\".",
            "input": "This is a sample document written in English.",
            "output": "\"\"\"\nClassify a given document as \"English\" or \"Spanish\"\n\"\"\"\n\nfrom sklearn.feature_extraction.text import TfidfVectorizer\nfrom sklearn.naive_bayes import MultinomialNB\n\n# Load data into lists\ntrain_data = [[\"This is an English document.\",\"English\"],[\"Este es un documento en espa\u00f1ol.\",\"Spanish\"]]\n\n# Generate a tfidf vectorizer\ntfidf_vectorizer = TfidfVectorizer()\n# Calculate the tf-idf values for the train data\ntfidf = tfidf_vectorizer.fit_transform([x[0] for x in train_data])\n#Fit a Naive Bayes classifier to the training data\nclf = MultinomialNB().fit(tfidf, [x[1] for x in train_data])\n\n# Predict the class of a given document \ndef classify(document):\n    predicted_class = clf.predict(tfidf_vectorizer.transform([document]))\n    return predicted_class[0]\n\nif __name__ == '__main__':\n    print(classify(\"This is a sample document written in English.\")) # Output : English"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a Java object class containing two instance variables, name and email.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "class User {\n     \n    private String name;\n    private String email;\n    \n    public User(String name, String email) {\n        this.name = name; \n        this.email = email;\n    }\n    \n    public String getName() {\n        return this.name;\n    }\n    \n    public String getEmail() {\n        return this.email;\n    }\n\n}"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to count the number of users with more than 500 points.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT COUNT(*)\nFROM Users\nWHERE Points > 500;"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Sort an array of numbers in ascending order.",
            "input": "arr = [9, 1, 5, 8, 4]",
            "output": "def sort_asc(arr):\n    for i in range(len(arr)):\n        minimum = i\n        for j in range(i+1, len(arr)):\n            if arr[minimum] > arr[j]:\n                minimum = j\n        arr[i], arr[minimum] = arr[minimum], arr[i]\n    return arr\n\nprint(sort_asc([9, 1, 5, 8, 4]))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Compute the dot product of two vectors.",
            "input": "vec1 = [3, -2, 4]\nvec2 = [-6, 5, 1]",
            "output": "def dot_product(vec1, vec2):\n    result = 0\n    for i in range(len(vec1)):\n        result += vec1[i] * vec2[i]\n    return result\n\nprint(dot_product([3, -2, 4], [-6, 5, 1]))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a JavaScript code that updates the status of a web page from \"Offline\" to \"Online\".",
            "input": "",
            "output": "document.getElementById(\"status\").innerHTML = \"Online\";"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write a function which takes an array of strings as parameter and searches for a given string.",
            "input": "arr = [\"welcome\",\"to\",\"my\",\"website\"]\nstr = \"website\"",
            "output": "def search_string(arr, str): \n    for i in range(len(arr)): \n        if arr[i] == str:\n            return i \n  \n    return -1\n\nprint(search_string([\"welcome\",\"to\",\"my\",\"website\"], \"website\"))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Categorize the given text into three classes: sports, technology, and health.",
            "input": "\"An AI-based algorithm has been developed to predict the outcome of football matches\"",
            "output": "Sports"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Create a function to implement breadth-first search (BFS) algorithm.",
            "input": "graph = {\n  \"A\": [\"B\", \"C\"],\n  \"B\": [\"A\", \"C\", \"D\"],\n  \"C\": [\"A\", \"B\", \"D\", \"E\"],\n  \"D\": [\"B\", \"C\", \"E\", \"F\"],\n  \"E\": [\"C\", \"D\"],\n  \"F\": [\"D\"]\n}\nstart = \"A\"",
            "output": "def BFS(graph, start): \n    queue = []\n    queue.append(start) \n    visited = []\n    while queue: \n        node = queue.pop(0) \n        if node not in visited: \n            visited.append(node)\n            for adjacent in graph.get(node, []):\n                queue.append(adjacent)\n    return visited\n\nprint(BFS(graph, \"A\"))"
      },
      {
            "instruction": "Write an SQL query to find the average price of products sold in the last week.",
            "input": "",
            "output": "SELECT AVG(Price)\nFROM Products\nWHERE Date > (CURDATE() - INTERVAL 7 DAY)"
      }
]