diff --git a/adapters/dingtalk/src/message.ts b/adapters/dingtalk/src/message.ts
index 6d940b09..dd90ec87 100644
--- a/adapters/dingtalk/src/message.ts
+++ b/adapters/dingtalk/src/message.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import { Context, Dict, h, MessageEncoder } from '@satorijs/satori'
 import { DingtalkBot } from './bot'
-import FormData from 'form-data'
 import { SendMessageData } from './types'
 import { Entry } from '@satorijs/server-temp'
 
@@ -63,10 +62,7 @@ export class DingtalkMessageEncoder<C extends Context = Context> extends Message
   async uploadMedia(attrs: Dict) {
     const { data, mime } = await this.bot.ctx.http.file(attrs.src || attrs.url, attrs)
     const form = new FormData()
-    // https://github.com/form-data/form-data/issues/468
-    const value = process.env.KOISHI_ENV === 'browser'
-      ? new Blob([data], { type: mime })
-      : Buffer.from(data)
+    const value = new Blob([data], { type: mime })
     let type: string
     if (mime.startsWith('image/') || mime.startsWith('video/')) {
       type = mime.split('/')[0]
@@ -77,9 +73,7 @@ export class DingtalkMessageEncoder<C extends Context = Context> extends Message
     }
     form.append('type', type)
     form.append('media', value)
-    const { media_id } = await this.bot.oldHttp.post('/media/upload', form, {
-      headers: form.getHeaders(),
-    })
+    const { media_id } = await this.bot.oldHttp.post('/media/upload', form)
     return media_id
   }
 
diff --git a/adapters/discord/src/message.ts b/adapters/discord/src/message.ts
index bf751812..c66a1d6c 100644
--- a/adapters/discord/src/message.ts
+++ b/adapters/discord/src/message.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { Context, Dict, h, MessageEncoder, Quester, Schema, Universal } from '@satorijs/satori'
-import FormData from 'form-data'
 import { DiscordBot } from './bot'
 import { ActionRow, Button, ButtonStyles, Channel, ComponentType, Message } from './types'
 import { decodeMessage, sanitize } from './utils'
@@ -88,13 +87,10 @@ export class DiscordMessageEncoder<C extends Context = Context> extends MessageE
   async sendEmbed(attrs: Dict, payload: Dict) {
     const { filename, data, mime } = await this.bot.ctx.http.file(attrs.src || attrs.url, attrs)
     const form = new FormData()
-    // https://github.com/form-data/form-data/issues/468
-    const value = process.env.KOISHI_ENV === 'browser'
-      ? new Blob([data], { type: mime })
-      : Buffer.from(data)
+    const value = new Blob([data], { type: mime })
     form.append('file', value, attrs.file || filename)
     form.append('payload_json', JSON.stringify(payload))
-    return this.post(form, form.getHeaders())
+    return this.post(form)
   }
 
   async sendAsset(type: string, attrs: Dict<string>, addition: Dict) {
diff --git a/adapters/kook/src/bot.ts b/adapters/kook/src/bot.ts
index 177bb43d..48806551 100644
--- a/adapters/kook/src/bot.ts
+++ b/adapters/kook/src/bot.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import { Bot, Context, Fragment, h, Quester, Schema, Universal } from '@satorijs/satori'
 import { adaptGroup, adaptMessage, adaptUser, decodeGuildMember, decodeRole, encodeRole } from './utils'
 import * as Kook from './types'
-import FormData from 'form-data'
 import { WsClient } from './ws'
 import { HttpServer } from './http'
 import { isDirectChannel, KookMessageEncoder } from './message'
@@ -34,7 +33,6 @@ export class KookBot<C extends Context = Context, T extends KookBot.Config = Koo
     if (method === 'GET') {
       return (await this.http.get(path, { params: data, headers })).data
     } else {
-      data = data instanceof FormData ? data : JSON.stringify(data)
       return (await this.http(method, path, { data, headers })).data
     }
   }
diff --git a/adapters/kook/src/message.ts b/adapters/kook/src/message.ts
index dbef84fe..c30e8320 100644
--- a/adapters/kook/src/message.ts
+++ b/adapters/kook/src/message.ts
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 import { Context, h, MessageEncoder, Schema } from '@satorijs/satori'
-import FormData from 'form-data'
 import { KookBot } from './bot'
 import * as Kook from './types'
-import internal from 'stream'
 
 export function isDirectChannel(channelId: string) {
   return channelId.length > 30
@@ -54,22 +52,18 @@ export class KookMessageEncoder<C extends Context = Context> extends MessageEnco
     if (await this.bot.http.isLocal(src)) {
       const payload = new FormData()
       const result = await this.bot.ctx.http.file(src, attrs)
-      payload.append('file', Buffer.from(result.data), {
-        filename: attrs.file || result.filename,
-      })
-      const { url } = await this.bot.request('POST', '/asset/create', payload, payload.getHeaders())
+      payload.append('file', new Blob([result.data], { type: result.mime }), attrs.file || result.filename)
+      const { url } = await this.bot.request('POST', '/asset/create', payload)
       return url
     } else if (!src.includes('kookapp.cn')) {
-      const res = await this.bot.ctx.http.get<internal.Readable>(src, {
+      const { data, headers } = await this.bot.ctx.http<ArrayBuffer>('GET', src, {
         headers: { accept: type + '/*' },
-        responseType: 'stream',
+        responseType: 'arraybuffer',
         timeout: +attrs.timeout || undefined,
       })
       const payload = new FormData()
-      payload.append('file', res, {
-        filename: 'file',
-      })
-      const { url } = await this.bot.request('POST', '/asset/create', payload, payload.getHeaders())
+      payload.append('file', new Blob([data], { type: headers.get('Content-Type') }), 'file')
+      const { url } = await this.bot.request('POST', '/asset/create', payload)
       return url
     } else {
       return src
diff --git a/adapters/lark/src/message.ts b/adapters/lark/src/message.ts
index 4d749678..7a0e49aa 100644
--- a/adapters/lark/src/message.ts
+++ b/adapters/lark/src/message.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
-import { createReadStream } from 'fs'
-import internal from 'stream'
-
 import { Context, h, MessageEncoder, Quester } from '@satorijs/satori'
-import FormData from 'form-data'
-
 import { LarkBot } from './bot'
 import { BaseResponse, Message, MessageContent, MessageType } from './types'
 import { extractIdType } from './utils'
@@ -79,16 +74,8 @@ export class LarkMessageEncoder<C extends Context = Context> extends MessageEnco
     const payload = new FormData()
 
     const assetKey = type === 'img' || type === 'image' ? 'image' : 'file'
-    const [schema, file] = url.split('://')
-    const filename = schema === 'base64' ? 'unknown' : new URL(url).pathname.split('/').pop()
-    if (schema === 'file') {
-      payload.append(assetKey, createReadStream(file))
-    } else if (schema === 'base64') {
-      payload.append(assetKey, Buffer.from(file, 'base64'))
-    } else {
-      const resp = await this.bot.assetsQuester.get<internal.Readable>(url, { responseType: 'stream' })
-      payload.append(assetKey, resp)
-    }
+    const { filename, mime, data } = await this.bot.assetsQuester.file(url)
+    payload.append(assetKey, new Blob([data], { type: mime }), filename)
 
     if (type === 'img' || type === 'image') {
       payload.append('image_type', 'message')
diff --git a/adapters/lark/src/types/internal.ts b/adapters/lark/src/types/internal.ts
index ee9af685..69fbcd77 100644
--- a/adapters/lark/src/types/internal.ts
+++ b/adapters/lark/src/types/internal.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import FormData from 'form-data'
 import { Dict, makeArray, Quester } from '@satorijs/satori'
 import { LarkBot } from '../bot'
 
@@ -42,9 +41,6 @@ export class Internal {
               if (method === 'GET' || method === 'DELETE') {
                 config.params = args[0]
               } else {
-                if (method === 'POST' && args[0] instanceof FormData) {
-                  config.headers = args[0].getHeaders()
-                }
                 config.data = args[0]
               }
             } else if (args.length === 2 && method !== 'GET' && method !== 'DELETE') {
diff --git a/adapters/lark/src/types/message/asset.ts b/adapters/lark/src/types/message/asset.ts
index 76428027..f792b585 100644
--- a/adapters/lark/src/types/message/asset.ts
+++ b/adapters/lark/src/types/message/asset.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-import FormData from 'form-data'
-
 import { BaseResponse, Internal } from '..'
 
 export interface Asset<T> extends BaseResponse {
diff --git a/adapters/qq/src/message.ts b/adapters/qq/src/message.ts
index fb573797..54f3721e 100644
--- a/adapters/qq/src/message.ts
+++ b/adapters/qq/src/message.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 import * as QQ from './types'
 import { Context, Dict, h, MessageEncoder, Quester } from '@satorijs/satori'
 import { QQBot } from './bot'
-import FormData from 'form-data'
 import { QQGuildBot } from './bot/guild'
 import { Entry } from '@satorijs/server-temp'
 
@@ -11,7 +10,7 @@ export const escapeMarkdown = (val: string) =>
 
 export class QQGuildMessageEncoder<C extends Context = Context> extends MessageEncoder<C, QQGuildBot<C>> {
   private content: string = ''
-  private file: Buffer
+  private file: Blob
   private filename: string
   fileUrl: string
   private passiveId: string
@@ -52,9 +51,7 @@ export class QQGuildMessageEncoder<C extends Context = Context> extends MessageE
         // if (this.fileUrl) {
         //   form.append('image', this.fileUrl)
         // }
-        r = await this.bot.http.post<QQ.Message>(endpoint, form, {
-          headers: form.getHeaders(),
-        })
+        r = await this.bot.http.post<QQ.Message>(endpoint, form)
       } else {
         const payload: QQ.Message.ChannelRequest = {
           ...{
@@ -147,8 +144,8 @@ export class QQGuildMessageEncoder<C extends Context = Context> extends MessageE
     if (!download && !await this.bot.ctx.http.isLocal(attrs.src || attrs.url)) {
       return this.fileUrl = attrs.src || attrs.url
     }
-    const { data, filename } = await this.bot.ctx.http.file(this.fileUrl || attrs.src || attrs.url, attrs)
-    this.file = Buffer.from(data)
+    const { data, filename, mime } = await this.bot.ctx.http.file(this.fileUrl || attrs.src || attrs.url, attrs)
+    this.file = new Blob([data], { type: mime })
     this.filename = filename
     this.fileUrl = null
   }
diff --git a/adapters/slack/src/bot.ts b/adapters/slack/src/bot.ts
index 32117d76..70569a38 100644
--- a/adapters/slack/src/bot.ts
+++ b/adapters/slack/src/bot.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import { HttpServer } from './http'
 import { adaptMessage, decodeChannel, decodeGuild, decodeGuildMember, decodeUser } from './utils'
 import { SlackMessageEncoder } from './message'
 import { GenericMessageEvent, SlackChannel, SlackTeam, SlackUser } from './types'
-import FormData from 'form-data'
 import { Internal, Token } from './types/internal'
 
 export class SlackBot<C extends Context = Context, T extends SlackBot.Config = SlackBot.Config> extends Bot<C, T> {
@@ -31,11 +30,6 @@ export class SlackBot<C extends Context = Context, T extends SlackBot.Config = S
     if (method === 'GET') {
       return await this.http.get(path, { params: data, headers })
     } else {
-      if (!headers['content-type']) {
-        data = data instanceof FormData ? data : JSON.stringify(data)
-        const type = data instanceof FormData ? 'multipart/form-data' : 'application/json; charset=utf-8'
-        headers['content-type'] = type
-      }
       return (await this.http(method, path, { data, headers })).data
     }
   }
diff --git a/adapters/slack/src/message.ts b/adapters/slack/src/message.ts
index 9c988311..6dacfa07 100644
--- a/adapters/slack/src/message.ts
+++ b/adapters/slack/src/message.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import { Context, h, MessageEncoder } from '@satorijs/satori'
 import { SlackBot } from './bot'
-import FormData from 'form-data'
 import { adaptMessage, adaptSentAsset } from './utils'
 import { File } from './types'
 
@@ -49,17 +48,14 @@ export class SlackMessageEncoder<C extends Context = Context> extends MessageEnc
     const { attrs } = element
     const { filename, data, mime } = await this.bot.ctx.http.file(attrs.src || attrs.url, attrs)
     const form = new FormData()
-    // https://github.com/form-data/form-data/issues/468
-    const value = process.env.KOISHI_ENV === 'browser'
-      ? new Blob([data], { type: mime })
-      : Buffer.from(data)
+    const value = new Blob([data], { type: mime })
     form.append('file', value, attrs.file || filename)
     form.append('channels', this.channelId)
     if (this.thread_ts) form.append('thread_ts', this.thread_ts)
     const sent = await this.bot.request<{
       ok: boolean
       file: File
-    }>('POST', '/files.upload', form, form.getHeaders())
+    }>('POST', '/files.upload', form)
     if (sent.ok) {
       const session = this.bot.session()
       adaptSentAsset(sent.file, session)
diff --git a/adapters/telegram/src/message.ts b/adapters/telegram/src/message.ts
index 41be6ff3..87dc6da4 100644
--- a/adapters/telegram/src/message.ts
+++ b/adapters/telegram/src/message.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import { Context, Dict, h, MessageEncoder } from '@satorijs/satori'
-import FormData from 'form-data'
 import { TelegramBot } from './bot'
 import * as Telegram from './utils'
 
@@ -19,10 +18,7 @@ async function appendAsset(bot: TelegramBot, form: FormData, element: h): Promis
   } else if (element.type === 'audio') {
     method = element.attrs.type === 'voice' ? 'sendVoice' : 'sendAudio'
   }
-  // https://github.com/form-data/form-data/issues/468
-  const value = process.env.KOISHI_ENV === 'browser'
-    ? new Blob([data], { type: mime })
-    : Buffer.from(data)
+  const value = new Blob([data], { type: mime })
   form.append(method.slice(4).toLowerCase(), value, filename)
   return method
 }
diff --git a/adapters/telegram/src/types/internal.ts b/adapters/telegram/src/types/internal.ts
index 440a2613..d3592bdf 100644
--- a/adapters/telegram/src/types/internal.ts
+++ b/adapters/telegram/src/types/internal.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-import FormData from 'form-data'
 import { TelegramBot } from '../bot'
 
 export interface Internal {}
@@ -10,14 +9,7 @@ export class Internal {
     Internal.prototype[method] = async function (this: Internal, data = {}) {
       this.bot.logger.debug('[request] %s %o', method, data)
       try {
-        let response: any
-        if (data instanceof FormData) {
-          response = await this.bot.http.post('/' + method, data, {
-            headers: data.getHeaders(),
-          })
-        } else {
-          response = await this.bot.http.post('/' + method, data)
-        }
+        const response = await this.bot.http.post('/' + method, data)
         this.bot.logger.debug('[response] %o', response)
         const { ok, result } = response
         if (ok) return result
diff --git a/adapters/wechat-official/src/message.ts b/adapters/wechat-official/src/message.ts
index 3daa4f29..81bc5d74 100644
--- a/adapters/wechat-official/src/message.ts
+++ b/adapters/wechat-official/src/message.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import { Context, h, MessageEncoder } from '@satorijs/satori'
 import { WechatOfficialBot } from './bot'
-import FormData from 'form-data'
 import xml2js from 'xml2js'
 import { SendMessage } from './types'
 
@@ -111,10 +110,7 @@ export class WechatOfficialMessageEncoder<C extends Context = Context> extends M
     const form = new FormData()
 
     const { filename, data, mime } = await this.bot.ctx.http.file(attrs.src || attrs.url, attrs)
-    const value = process.env.KOISHI_ENV === 'browser'
-      ? new Blob([data], { type: mime })
-      : Buffer.from(data)
-
+    const value = new Blob([data], { type: mime })
     form.append('media', value, attrs.file || filename)
 
     const resp = await this.bot.http.post<{
@@ -128,7 +124,6 @@ export class WechatOfficialMessageEncoder<C extends Context = Context> extends M
         access_token: this.bot.token,
         type: uploadType,
       },
-      headers: form.getHeaders(),
     })
     if (resp.media_id) {
       return [resp.media_id, uploadType]
diff --git a/adapters/wecom/src/message.ts b/adapters/wecom/src/message.ts
index 0f1074ef..355259b2 100644
--- a/adapters/wecom/src/message.ts
+++ b/adapters/wecom/src/message.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import { Context, h, MessageEncoder } from '@satorijs/satori'
 import { WecomBot } from './bot'
-import FormData from 'form-data'
 
 /** https://developer.work.weixin.qq.com/document/path/90236#%E6%94%AF%E6%8C%81%E7%9A%84markdown%E8%AF%AD%E6%B3%95 */
 
@@ -70,10 +69,7 @@ export class WecomMessageEncoder<C extends Context = Context> extends MessageEnc
     const form = new FormData()
 
     const { filename, data, mime } = await this.bot.ctx.http.file(attrs.src || attrs.url, attrs)
-    const value = process.env.KOISHI_ENV === 'browser'
-      ? new Blob([data], { type: mime })
-      : Buffer.from(data)
-
+    const value = new Blob([data], { type: mime })
     form.append('media', value, attrs.file || filename)
 
     const resp = await this.bot.http.post<{
@@ -87,7 +83,6 @@ export class WecomMessageEncoder<C extends Context = Context> extends MessageEnc
         access_token: this.bot.token,
         type: uploadType,
       },
-      headers: form.getHeaders(),
     })
     if (resp.media_id) {
       return [resp.media_id, uploadType]
diff --git a/adapters/whatsapp/src/internal.ts b/adapters/whatsapp/src/internal.ts
index d6d5bc06..62a5fd09 100644
--- a/adapters/whatsapp/src/internal.ts
+++ b/adapters/whatsapp/src/internal.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import { Quester } from '@satorijs/satori'
 import { SendMessage } from './types'
-import FormData from 'form-data'
 
 interface PhoneNumber {
   verified_name: string
@@ -45,10 +44,6 @@ export class Internal {
   }
 
   uploadMedia(selfId: string, form: FormData) {
-    return this.http.post<{
-      id: string
-    }>(`/${selfId}/media`, form, {
-      headers: form.getHeaders(),
-    })
+    return this.http.post<{ id: string }>(`/${selfId}/media`, form)
   }
 }
diff --git a/adapters/whatsapp/src/message.ts b/adapters/whatsapp/src/message.ts
index 76b6f084..47a25230 100644
--- a/adapters/whatsapp/src/message.ts
+++ b/adapters/whatsapp/src/message.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import { Context, Dict, h, MessageEncoder } from '@satorijs/satori'
 import { WhatsAppBot } from './bot'
-import FormData from 'form-data'
 import { Button, SendMessage } from './types'
 
 const SUPPORTED_MEDIA = [
@@ -91,9 +90,7 @@ export class WhatsAppMessageEncoder<C extends Context = Context> extends Message
     }
 
     const form = new FormData()
-    const value = process.env.KOISHI_ENV === 'browser'
-      ? new Blob([data], { type: mime })
-      : Buffer.from(data)
+    const value = new Blob([data], { type: mime })
     form.append('file', value, attrs.file || filename)
     form.append('type', mime)
     form.append('messaging_product', 'whatsapp')
diff --git a/adapters/zulip/src/message.ts b/adapters/zulip/src/message.ts
index 29c66515..528b4765 100644
--- a/adapters/zulip/src/message.ts
+++ b/adapters/zulip/src/message.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import { Context, h, MessageEncoder } from '@satorijs/satori'
 import { ZulipBot } from './bot'
-import FormData from 'form-data'
 import { by_stream_topic_url, encodeHashComponent } from './utils'
 
 export const escape = (val: string) =>
@@ -26,9 +25,7 @@ export class ZulipMessageEncoder<C extends Context = Context> extends MessageEnc
     form.append('content', this.buffer)
     if (!this.session.isDirect) form.append('topic', this.session.channelId)
 
-    const { id } = await this.bot.http.post('/messages', form, {
-      headers: form.getHeaders(),
-    })
+    const { id } = await this.bot.http.post('/messages', form)
     const session = this.bot.session()
     session.content = this.buffer
     session.messageId = id.toString()
@@ -44,16 +41,9 @@ export class ZulipMessageEncoder<C extends Context = Context> extends MessageEnc
     const { attrs } = element
     const { filename, data, mime } = await this.bot.ctx.http.file(attrs.src || attrs.url, attrs)
     const form = new FormData()
-    // https://github.com/form-data/form-data/issues/468
-    const value = process.env.KOISHI_ENV === 'browser'
-      ? new Blob([data], { type: mime })
-      : Buffer.from(data)
+    const value = new Blob([data], { type: mime })
     form.append('file', value, attrs.file || filename)
-    const response = await this.bot.http.post<{
-      uri: string
-    }>('/user_uploads', form, {
-      headers: form.getHeaders(),
-    })
+    const response = await this.bot.http.post<{ uri: string }>('/user_uploads', form)
     return [response.uri, filename]
   }