diff --git a/src/compiler/scala/tools/nsc/javac/JavaParsers.scala b/src/compiler/scala/tools/nsc/javac/JavaParsers.scala
index c6894afba4df..e77576c804ae 100644
--- a/src/compiler/scala/tools/nsc/javac/JavaParsers.scala
+++ b/src/compiler/scala/tools/nsc/javac/JavaParsers.scala
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ package javac
 import symtab.Flags
 import JavaTokens._
 import scala.annotation._
+import scala.collection.mutable
 import scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer
 import scala.language.implicitConversions
 import scala.reflect.internal.util.{ListOfNil, Position}
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ trait JavaParsers extends ast.parser.ParsersCommon with JavaScanners {
 
   abstract class JavaParser extends ParserCommon {
     val in: JavaScanner
+    def unit: CompilationUnit
 
     def freshName(prefix : String): Name
     protected implicit def i2p(offset : Int) : Position
@@ -494,7 +496,7 @@ trait JavaParsers extends ast.parser.ParsersCommon with JavaScanners {
             in.nextToken()
           case _ =>
             val unsealed = 0L   // no flag for UNSEALED
-            def consume(added: FlagSet): false = { in.nextToken(); /*flags |= added;*/ false }
+            def consume(added: FlagSet): false = { in.nextToken(); flags |= added; false }
             def lookingAhead(s: String): Boolean = {
               import scala.reflect.internal.Chars._
               var i = 0
@@ -838,6 +840,7 @@ trait JavaParsers extends ast.parser.ParsersCommon with JavaScanners {
       else Nil
 
     def classDecl(mods: Modifiers): List[Tree] = {
+      if (mods.hasFlag(SEALED)) patmat.javaClassesByUnit(unit.source) = mutable.Set.empty
       accept(CLASS)
       val pos = in.currentPos
       val name = identForType()
@@ -904,6 +907,7 @@ trait JavaParsers extends ast.parser.ParsersCommon with JavaScanners {
     }
 
     def interfaceDecl(mods: Modifiers): List[Tree] = {
+      if (mods.hasFlag(SEALED)) patmat.javaClassesByUnit(unit.source) = mutable.Set.empty
       accept(INTERFACE)
       val pos = in.currentPos
       val name = identForType()
diff --git a/src/compiler/scala/tools/nsc/transform/patmat/PatternMatching.scala b/src/compiler/scala/tools/nsc/transform/patmat/PatternMatching.scala
index b9d562ff9756..958ffad37c3d 100644
--- a/src/compiler/scala/tools/nsc/transform/patmat/PatternMatching.scala
+++ b/src/compiler/scala/tools/nsc/transform/patmat/PatternMatching.scala
@@ -13,9 +13,10 @@
 package scala.tools.nsc.transform.patmat
 
 import scala.annotation.tailrec
+import scala.collection.mutable
 import scala.collection.mutable.ListBuffer
 import scala.reflect.internal.{Mode, Types}
-import scala.reflect.internal.util.Statistics
+import scala.reflect.internal.util.{SourceFile, Statistics}
 import scala.tools.nsc.Global
 import scala.tools.nsc.ast
 import scala.tools.nsc.transform.{Transform, TypingTransformers}
@@ -58,6 +59,9 @@ trait PatternMatching extends Transform
 
   val phaseName: String = "patmat"
 
+  /** Symbols to force for determining children of sealed Java classes. */
+  val javaClassesByUnit = perRunCaches.newMap[SourceFile, mutable.Set[Symbol]]()
+
   def newTransformer(unit: CompilationUnit): AstTransformer = new MatchTransformer(unit)
 
   class MatchTransformer(unit: CompilationUnit) extends TypingTransformer(unit) {
diff --git a/src/compiler/scala/tools/nsc/typechecker/Namers.scala b/src/compiler/scala/tools/nsc/typechecker/Namers.scala
index f4487e2bfa5e..6323357a5c5b 100644
--- a/src/compiler/scala/tools/nsc/typechecker/Namers.scala
+++ b/src/compiler/scala/tools/nsc/typechecker/Namers.scala
@@ -795,6 +795,8 @@ trait Namers extends MethodSynthesis {
       tree.symbol = enterClassSymbol(tree)
       tree.symbol setInfo completerOf(tree)
 
+      if (tree.symbol.isJava) patmat.javaClassesByUnit.get(tree.symbol.pos.source).foreach(_.addOne(tree.symbol))
+
       if (mods.isCase) {
         val m = ensureCompanionObject(tree, caseModuleDef)
         m.moduleClass.updateAttachment(new ClassForCaseCompanionAttachment(tree))
diff --git a/src/compiler/scala/tools/nsc/typechecker/Typers.scala b/src/compiler/scala/tools/nsc/typechecker/Typers.scala
index 1c66e180e85c..f211616c271b 100644
--- a/src/compiler/scala/tools/nsc/typechecker/Typers.scala
+++ b/src/compiler/scala/tools/nsc/typechecker/Typers.scala
@@ -15,12 +15,11 @@ package tools.nsc
 package typechecker
 
 import scala.annotation.{tailrec, unused}
-import scala.collection.mutable
+import scala.collection.mutable, mutable.ListBuffer
 import scala.reflect.internal.{Chars, TypesStats}
 import scala.reflect.internal.util.{FreshNameCreator, ListOfNil, Statistics, StringContextStripMarginOps}
 import scala.tools.nsc.Reporting.{MessageFilter, Suppression, WConf, WarningCategory}
 import scala.util.chaining._
-import mutable.ListBuffer
 import symtab.Flags._
 import Mode._
 
@@ -2653,6 +2652,31 @@ trait Typers extends Adaptations with Tags with TypersTracking with PatternTyper
       val selectorTp = packCaptured(selector1.tpe.widen).skolemizeExistential(context.owner, selector)
       val casesTyped = typedCases(cases, selectorTp, pt)
 
+      def initChildren(sym: Symbol): Unit =
+        if (sym.isJava && sym.isSealed)
+          sym.attachments.get[PermittedSubclassSymbols] match {
+            case Some(PermittedSubclassSymbols(permits)) =>
+              for (child <- permits if child.isJava)
+                initChildren(child.initialize)
+            case _ =>
+              val seen = mutable.HashSet.empty[Symbol]
+              def populate(): Unit =
+                patmat.javaClassesByUnit.get(sym.pos.source) match {
+                  case Some(classes) =>
+                    classes.find(!seen(_)) match {
+                      case Some(unseen) =>
+                        seen += unseen
+                        unseen.initialize.companionSymbol.moduleClass.initialize
+                        if (unseen.hasAttachment[PermittedSubclassSymbols]) initChildren(unseen)
+                        populate()
+                      case _ =>
+                    }
+                  case _ =>
+                }
+              populate()
+          }
+      initChildren(selectorTp.typeSymbol)
+
       def finish(cases: List[CaseDef], matchType: Type) =
         treeCopy.Match(tree, selector1, cases) setType matchType
 
diff --git a/test/files/neg/t12159d.check b/test/files/neg/t12159d.check
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1efb798c80d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/neg/t12159d.check
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+t.scala:7: warning: match may not be exhaustive.
+It would fail on the following input: W()
+    x match {
+    ^
+error: No warnings can be incurred under -Werror.
+1 warning
+1 error
diff --git a/test/files/neg/t12159d/X.java b/test/files/neg/t12159d/X.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0812a6fd21cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/neg/t12159d/X.java
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// javaVersion: 17+
+package p;
+
+sealed abstract public class X {
+}
+
+final class W extends X {
+}
+
+final class Y extends X {
+}
+
+final class Z extends X {
+}
diff --git a/test/files/neg/t12159d/t.scala b/test/files/neg/t12159d/t.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e57c9cd62ddc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/neg/t12159d/t.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+// javaVersion: 17+
+// scalac: -Werror
+package p
+
+class C {
+  def f(x: X) =
+    x match {
+      case y: Y => y.toString
+      case z: Z => z.toString
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/test/files/neg/t12159e.check b/test/files/neg/t12159e.check
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..86807203f124
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/neg/t12159e.check
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+t.scala:7: warning: match may not be exhaustive.
+It would fail on the following input: W()
+    x match {
+    ^
+t.scala:12: warning: match may not be exhaustive.
+It would fail on the following inputs: Z(), Z2()
+    x match {
+    ^
+error: No warnings can be incurred under -Werror.
+2 warnings
+1 error
diff --git a/test/files/neg/t12159e/X.java b/test/files/neg/t12159e/X.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..6b770b115ea6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/neg/t12159e/X.java
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// javaVersion: 17+
+package p;
+
+sealed abstract public class X {
+}
+
+final class W extends X {
+}
+
+final class Y extends X {
+}
+
+sealed class Z extends X permits Z1, Z2 {
+}
+
+final class Z1 extends Z {
+}
+
+final class Z2 extends Z {
+}
diff --git a/test/files/neg/t12159e/t.scala b/test/files/neg/t12159e/t.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1d5810a09f85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/neg/t12159e/t.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// javaVersion: 17+
+// scalac: -Werror
+package p
+
+class C {
+  def f(x: X) =
+    x match {
+      case y: Y => y.toString
+      case z: Z => z.toString
+    }
+  def g(x: X) =
+    x match {
+      case w: W => w.toString
+      case y: Y => y.toString
+      case z: Z1 => z.toString
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/test/files/neg/t12159f.check b/test/files/neg/t12159f.check
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..86807203f124
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/neg/t12159f.check
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+t.scala:7: warning: match may not be exhaustive.
+It would fail on the following input: W()
+    x match {
+    ^
+t.scala:12: warning: match may not be exhaustive.
+It would fail on the following inputs: Z(), Z2()
+    x match {
+    ^
+error: No warnings can be incurred under -Werror.
+2 warnings
+1 error
diff --git a/test/files/neg/t12159f/X.java b/test/files/neg/t12159f/X.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..bc1043b66039
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/neg/t12159f/X.java
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// javaVersion: 17+
+package p;
+
+sealed abstract public class X {
+}
+
+final class W extends X {
+}
+
+final class Y extends X {
+}
+
+sealed class Z extends X permits Z1, Z2 {
+}
diff --git a/test/files/neg/t12159f/Z.java b/test/files/neg/t12159f/Z.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..55fcc661a182
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/neg/t12159f/Z.java
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+// javaVersion: 17+
+package p;
+
+final class Z1 extends Z {
+}
+
+final class Z2 extends Z {
+}
diff --git a/test/files/neg/t12159f/t.scala b/test/files/neg/t12159f/t.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..1d5810a09f85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/neg/t12159f/t.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// javaVersion: 17+
+// scalac: -Werror
+package p
+
+class C {
+  def f(x: X) =
+    x match {
+      case y: Y => y.toString
+      case z: Z => z.toString
+    }
+  def g(x: X) =
+    x match {
+      case w: W => w.toString
+      case y: Y => y.toString
+      case z: Z1 => z.toString
+    }
+}
+
diff --git a/test/files/neg/t12159g.check b/test/files/neg/t12159g.check
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f268b3430cdc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/neg/t12159g.check
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+t.scala:4: warning: match may not be exhaustive.
+It would fail on the following inputs: Oz(), Z()
+  def n(a: X) = a match { case _: Y => 42 }
+                ^
+error: No warnings can be incurred under -Werror.
+1 warning
+1 error
diff --git a/test/files/neg/t12159g/X.java b/test/files/neg/t12159g/X.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8687ede65157
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/neg/t12159g/X.java
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+
+package p;
+public sealed interface X {
+  public default int x() { return 27; }
+}
+final class Y implements X { }
+final class O {
+  final static class Z implements X { }
+  final static class Inner {
+    final static class Oz implements X { }
+  }
+}
diff --git a/test/files/neg/t12159g/t.scala b/test/files/neg/t12159g/t.scala
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..f92009287f1b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/files/neg/t12159g/t.scala
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// scalac: -Werror -Xlint
+package p
+class T {
+  def n(a: X) = a match { case _: Y => 42 }
+}