Strip synthetic ascriptions from inlined calls

[mbovel]

Attempt to fix #24420.

[sjrd]

Isn't that basically making all inlined def into transparent?

[mbovel]

Isn't that basically making all inline def behave like transparent?

Maybe, and that is probably not what we want.

So when should the result of calling a non-transparent inline method actually be visible?

[Comment extracted to #24431]

[mbovel]

Isn't that basically making all inlined def into transparent?

As discussed orally, no, assuming we put the stripping logic at the right place: in the Inliner, to make sure that we only do it during inlining.